St.Augustineandthe EvolutionofMan
byBusts.A.Gaballero,ST)
St.Augustineandetherprimitive Fathers.beingcompletelyunacquaine edwithsioentificnaturalhistory,admittedtheideaofspontaneousgeneration,whichwasthecommonwinionofthenaturalistsofthosedays. Notknowingthemierscopeandits wonders,theycouldnutfindanyother explanatiOnfortheformationofmaggotsindecayingfish. Inordertoavoidtheissueofcontinuouscreations,theyhadtoadmit thatwhenGodcreatedtheworldHe gavetomineralmatter.urtodead matter,thepowerofgeneratingliving a beings.andthispoweriswhatSt. Augustinecalls"rationesseminales," seminalcauses.whichwerecreatedin thebeginningoftheworldasproper. tiesofmatter.Matterthusendowed becamealivingthingunderproper cotillions.Hethusbelievedthat seeandorganismswereproducedby theersa,inwhichtheyalreadyexistedcasually.Therefore.heandother Fathersbelievedinsomekindofevolutionofplantsandanimalsfromnonlivingmatter.Thereisnopassage, however,inthebooksoftheFathers. thatprovestheywereMonistsinany senseneitheristhereanypassagefrom whichwecandeduceclearlythatthey believedinthevolutionofthehigher speciesfromthelower,eitherthrough small,Darwinianmutations,orthrough "sports."Theytriedtoexplainthe creationofplantsandanimals.inharmonywithotherviewsontheproductiondfwormswhoseoriginwaspuzzlingtothem.Theycouldnotsay thatwormswhichcamefromdecaying matterwerecreatedinthebeginning oftheworld,sotheyendeavouredto findoutsomereasonfortheirexistence.Thisreasontheyplacedinthe "seminalcauses."
NoneoftheFathershadtheslightestideaeitheroftheevolutionofthe rhinoceros,oroftheevolutionofthe cameloranyotherpretendedevolutionofthethenexistinghighermama sisals.ThetruthisthattheFathers hadnoideaofthepresentevolutionarydiscussion-asfarasplantsandanimalsareconcerned. ..'otheycanto nothaveanyopinionuponit -Itisquitedilerentwiserwecome totheoriginofmanonearth.Itis surethatSt.Augustine.beingnewly converted;andnotfullyinformedof theCatholicdoctrine,gaveanallegoricalinterpretationtothegeneralhistoryofcreation.Afterwards,he becamebetterinformedandexpresslyretractedhisstatements,showing clearlythathebelievedintheformationofthebodyofthefirstmanby Godwithoutinterventionofanimal ancestry.Hiswordsareasfollows:-
"Shortlyafterthetimeofmyonversion.IwrotetwobooksagainsttIe Manicheans andbecauseatthat time,itdidnotoccurtomehowto explainproperlyeveryth:ng and notwishingtoclay.Imaleanallegoricalexplanatius,asshortandclear asIcould,ofthoseti*.eigswhore strictmeaningcouldnor,find butnow,sinceourLordallowsusetv considerandstudymarecarefullythe points.Ithinkitwouldnotlitamiss toshowthatIcanexplainthose pointsoftheHolyScriptureinaliteral,notinanallegorical.sense."
Toshowclearlythathedidnot believeinanyallegoricalexplanation ofthehistoricalfactofthecreationof AdamandEve,wemayquoteafew ,passages:"Thereisnodou6tthat manwasformedoftheslimeofthe earth,andfromhissidehiswifewas formed.""Evewasmadefromthe sideoftheman."
Answeringthequestion:"Howwere AdamandEvecreated?"hesays: " butnotgeneratedbyanyparents,buthefromtheslime.shefrom hisrib."Again,"Itwasbecoming thatthefirstmanshouldnotbeborn ofparents,sincetherewerenone,but beformedofslime."Andagain:"But itiscrediblethatinthosefirstworks ofthesixdays,Godcreatednotonly thefuturecausesofthebody,bus alsothematterfromwhichitshould bemade,thatis'theearthfrom whichslimeordusthadtobeformed,"
Discussingtheformationofthe bodyofEve,herejectsthepossibility ofitshavingbeenmadebyangels, saying: "Sofar,onlyGodwasabletoform orbuildaribintoawoman,anditis notevencrediblethattheangels couldmakethatfleshtobeputinthe bodyofmanin.placeoftheribthat wasremoved,justastheycouldnot makethesamemanfromtheslimeof theearth; andwefaithfullybelievethatthewomanwasmadefrom theman,withouttheinterventionor anysexualrelation.although,perhaps.theangelscouldhavetakenthe ribfromthemanfortheworkofthe creator; thatthisisthewaythe womanwasmadefromthesideof man,whenhewasasleep."
Inthesequotationswecanseethat St.Augustinemakesamostclearand sincereconfessionoffaith.Heacknowledgesthatthereissomething mysteriousaboutthewaythebodyof manwasformedfromtheslimeofthe earth.andaboutthewaytheribof AdamwasbuiltintothebodyofEve; buthedoesnothesitatetobelieve thatthehistoricalfactmustbetaken
THERECORD.SATO&DAY,JANUARY13,1923.
literally,thatis.first,thatthebodies ofAdamandEvewerenotformed throughtheinterventionofsexualrelation;second,thatourbratparents nadnoancestorsofanykind;third, thatneithertheangelsnorallyother createdagent,butGod,ourCreator, formeddirectlythebodiesofAdam andEveusingslimeandaribasthe materialsoutofwhichtheywere maderespectively. (St.Augustinewrotetwobuukswith thetitle:"DeGenesiadLitteram." Thefirstwaspublishedabouttheyear A.D.393,andliecalledit:"DeGenesi adLitteram-ImperfectusLiber."It hasjustsixteenchapters.Thesecondiscalledsimply:"DeGenesiail Litteram-LibriDucelecim."Itwas publishedA.D.401;soitcameout afterfifteenyearsofassiduouswork andstudy.Thequotationsinthis articleareallmadefromthelater workandrepresentthereforeSt.Augustine'smatureandthoroughlyCatholic.views.)
IfSt.Augustinehadbelievedthat thebodyofEvecouldhavebeen ionisedbyevolutionfromlowerforms, wouldhehaveinsisteduponsaying thatitwasformed"withoutanysexualrelation"("null°interveniente coneubitu".?Ifhebelievedthebody ofAdamwasformedbyevolution, evuldtheSainthaveinsistedthatthe bratman"wasbornwithoutparents camdidnotexistbeforehinebecause itwasbecomingthathebeformed ironstheslime"("primushome,quem nunexparentibusnasci,quinulli praecesserant.seddelimoformarioportebat"' AccordingtoSt.Augustine,the bodyofAdamwasformedfromthe slime,notlikeastatuethatthesculptormakeswithhishands.butby someactivitiesinfusedintotheearth ("causalesrationes"),activitieswhich areneverclearlyexplainedbyhim becausehehimselfadmitshedoesnot know.Buttheseactivities,whatevertheymaybe,areneithersexual relationnoradescentfromanyother ancestor;thisisclearenough.What isplaintohimisthefactofAdam's poductionfromslimeandEve'sproductionfromarib;themannerof productionisconfessedlypuzzling.
WEDDING. II/SANE-WAR=.
AtSt.Mary'sChurch,Beverley,or the3rd.ofJanuary,NuptialMasswas celebratedbytheRev.FatherO'Brien forthepurposeofjoininginHoly MatrimonyEdward Kissane, ofNarrogin.andRubyElizabeth Ware,ofEastBeverley.Theceremonywasbeautifulandimpressive. andwaswitnessedbyalargenumber ofthefriendsandrelativesofthe happycouple.Thebride,whowas givenawaybyherfather,Mr.A Ware,woreadressofivorycrepe-dc chene,withoverdressofsilkshadow lace,andthecustomarytulleveiland wreathoforangeblossoms.Shealso carriedabouquetofwhiterosesand ferns.Shewasattendedbyhersister,MissMarthaWare,whowasdressedinshellpinkcrepedechene.with hattosnatch,anda,socarriedabouquetofpinkrosesandferns.The bridegroomwasattendedbyMr.Jaek Boyd.whoactedasbestman.The WeddingMarchwasplayedbyMrs. Farrel.afterwhichtheweddingparty adjournedtothehomeofMrs.J. O'Brien,sisterofthebride,wherethe weddingbreakfastwasheld.The usualtoastswereproposedandhonoured.Attheconclusionofthe breakfast,thehappycoupledeparted bythemid-daytrainfortheirfuture hordeinNarrogin,accompaniedbythe goodwishes(alsoriceandconfetti ofalltheirfriends.
YOUNGIRELANDSOCIETY.
Theusualweeklymeetingofthe abovesocietywasheldonMonday, January8th.Mr.JackWalsh'presidedoverafairattendanceofmembers.Themeetingopenedwith"The Soldiers'Song"bymembers,ac.cmpaniedbyMissMollyDoubts.''I'll JostPaintaDearLittleShamrock" wassweetlyrenderedbyaUssAnnie McDonough,followedbyarecitation byMissBoronts,O'Doheetventitled "IrishHeroes,"whichwasverypleasingindeed.Theladies'chorusrendered"OftintheStillyNight,"and theireffortswereloudlyapplauded.By specialrequestMr.L.Wildyrendered "Swim.Sam,"andfortheencorerem dered"TheLastRoseofSummer." Mr.JackWalshrecitedaveryinterestingandlengthyrecitation,"Sheens O'Brien."whichclaimedtheattention ofall.UissAnnieMcDonoughsweetlyrendered"Barney,TakemeHome Again,"whichwonluulandprolongedapplause. .).1.:asLilyHamilton welldeservedtheapplauseshereceivedforherrecitation."Louraine." whichconcludedthesocialpartofthe programme.Theminutesofthepreviousmeetingwerereadandconfirmed.RePicnic:Thesecretarywasinstructedtowritetothosewhogave donationstowardsthepicnic,expressingthethanksofthesociety.namely. Mrs.McCarthy.oftheRailwayHotel. ElIs;Mr.Boxall,dentist,5s;Mr.M. O'Dea.ofRowraandO'Dea.lOs6d: andMr.Quinn,Bayswater,3s.The presidentalsogavealengthyripen ofthepicnic.Themeetingelasel withthesingingof"GolSavoheisted" bymembers.After.themeetingmembersclearedtheroomandhadadance.
TheCapitalLevy
ItsUrgentNecessityandPractical Results.
N4.411114111therecently-issuedLabourprogrammeattractedsomuchnoticeandwassomuchabusedasthe suggestedLevyuponCapital.The titleitselfisperhapsnotverywell chosen;ithasanominoussound.Itis soeasytoconfoundcapitalemployed inbusinessundertakingswiththe capital,orprivatefortunes.ofindividuals,anditisthelatterandnotthe formerthatthetaxorlevywillfall upon. Firstastothenecessityoflighteningtheburdenoftaxation.Itmay notbegenerallyknownthatthiscountryisthemostheavilytaxedinthe worldto-day.Itispayingatthe rateof£2perannumperheadofthe totalpopulation.Thedead-weightof suchassimpostisfeltineveryindustry:itispassedontotheconsumer, makingthenecessitiesoflifedearer andtherebyincreasingthecostsof living,anditpreventsusfromcompetingintheworld'smarketswith thosecountries.wheretaxationisless thanourown.Itcannotbeanything butaseriousbartoenterprisewhenit isreliablycomputedthateveryadult hastoworkeightydaysoutofthree hundredandsixty-fivetopaythe taxesimposeduponhim.
AColossalDebt.
InAugust.1914,theNationalDebt was£545.000.000.OnMarch31st. 1918,itwas£5.921.095,819.andby March31st.1919,ithadrisentothe stupendoustotalof£7.481.050,422. Itrequires,roughly,onemillion poundsperclaytopaytheinterest aloneonthishugesurn.andweshall continuestopaythis,unlesssome meansarefoundtoreducethedebt.
In1913therevenueonthecountry was£198,213,000,ofwhich£44.100.000
wasraisedbyincometax.In1901 therevenuewasf,4I8,300,000,the amountraisedbyincometaxbeing E385.800-000.
Ineightyears.therefuse,taxation hasincreasedbyover£1,200,000,000 perannum. InterestaloneontheNationalDebt absorbsK337,000,000on:oneandahalt ninesthetotalofthewholeofthe nationalexpensesbeforethewar.
Now.itwearenotdoingthebulk salthetradethatweweredoingbeforethewar,howisitthatwecanaffordtotaxourselvestotheextentof assadditional£1,200,000,000peran. num?ThereplyISthatwecannot continuetoraisesuchenormoussums annually,andthatifwearetorestore ourold-timeprosperity,weshallhave someeasementofourpresent-day burdens.
Heavytaxationalonedoesnotaccountforthepresentstagnationin trade.Thereareseveralotherfactors,notablythis:thepurchasing powerofthepeoplesoftheworldhas beenenormouslyreducedastheoutcomeofthewar.Thegrowthofthis purchasingpowercanonlycome aboutverygradually,butinthemeantimewearecarryingaburden,witha generalstagnationoftrade,whichno country,howeverwellplaced,could continuetocarry.
TheproposalsoftheLabourParty aresimple.Lessthanfivepercent. ofthetotalpopulationcontrolsallthe wealthofthecountry.Ninety-five percent.ofthepeopletoil,sothatfive percent.mayreceivetheirtoll.A CapitalLevywouldtransfertothe Stateaproportionofthewealthofthe rich,toeasetheburdenofthepoor. Butitwouldreallydomorethanthis. ThereductionoftheNationalDebt. ifonlybyone-third,wouldhavean immediateeffectuponthecostsof livingandthecostsofmanufacturein
whichtherich,aswellasthepoor. wouldparticipate.
HowtheCapitalLevyWouldOperate.
Hereisatypicalexample: JohnDoe,withprivatecapitalof /20,000wouldpayuponaCapital Levyscheme£2,800.
JohnDoe'sincomeis£2,000perannum,uponwhichhepaysincometax of£4655s..ifearnedincrement,or£525 ifunearned.
WiththeCapitalLevyinoperation. itiscalculatedthatthepresentrate ofincometaxwouldbereducedby one-third.
JohnDoewouldthereforesave£155 perannumifonearnedincome,or £175perannumifonunearned,
LONDONANDAUSTRALIANBUYERS HAVE EXCELLED THEMSELVESINBOTHTHERICHNESSOFCHOICEANDKEENNESSOFPRICEINTHE GOODSSENTFORWARD.EVERYPRICEDROP-EVERYOPPORTUNEOFFERING-HAS BEENEAGERLYRESPONDEDTO.CONSEQUENTLYQUITE"NEW"LOW PRICE STANDARDSPREVAILATFOY'S,SOTHATWECANSAYWITHASSURANCETHAT OURGREATSUMMERFAIR.WITHITSRECORDBREAKING
(1stplace inState).BookPrize.
NORTHAM.
Therewasabigsoundofrevelryat St.Joseph'sSchoolonthenightof December14,thecausebeingtheassemblageofthechildrenofbothCatholicschoolstoparticipateinthe feastprovidedforthembySt.Joseph'sBranchoftheHibernianSo. eiety.Needlesstosaysuchafunctionneededlittleadvertisement,for before6p.m.manyyoungstersintow oftheirparentscouldbeseenonthe roadtotheConventSchool.The firstitemontheprogrammewasa courseofsandwichesandgingerale, whicheventwentoffwithoutahitch. Afterwardsschoolgroundgameswere theorderoftheevening.When shadesofnightfellalladjournedto thecoolandspaciousverandahofSt. Joseph's,wherealongmenuwasdisposedof.Theorderofcourseswere raspberryicecream,jellies.andfor varietyjellies,icecreamandlollies.A featureofthebanquetwastheaptitudeoftheHibernianmalewaitersin attendingtothewantsofthechildren.Nowmanyofthesewaiters aresinglegentlemen,and,ofcourse. theyoungladiespresentmusthave beenimpressedwiththepossibletress surestheyheld,andcouldfondly imaginehowusefultheywouldbe whentheywouldleavetheranksof thesingles.Dancingnowbecame theorderofthenight.Andtosay thatthemultitudedancedtotheir heart'scontentisonlyafeeble.expressionoftheevidentdelightofall.
MissCampbell,withherpleasing voice,alsoaddedtotheevening'sentertainmentbyseveralsongs,whilst Mr.Philpott,withhisentrepreneur, Mr.T.Lynch,gavesomepleasingcomicitems.TheladyHibernian&as usual,weremosteffectiveinthis workofcateringforsuchalarge gathering.CatholicfunctionsatNorthamarealwayseasilyinthepremier placewerecateringisconcerned,and thechildren'seveningmorethanupheldawelldeservedreputation.The followingladyHibernianswereactivelyengaged:MissesFoley.Heaney, Keely,M.Williams.E.Cook:MesdamesMorrison.Lynch,McManus, Cook.MissLeeandMrs.Dugganattendedalternatelyatthepiano. Duringtheeveningtheteaching staffsofbothschoolswereentertainedbytheladiesatarecherchesupper inSt.Joseph'sMusicalAcademy.
IllnessofM.DeSales. Mud]regretwasexpressedinNorthamwhenitwasascertainedthat MotherDeSaleshadtounderlieso operationatFennoyPrivateHospital,Northam.,Theoperationhas provedsucessful,andunderthe careofDrs.AberdeenandSewnishandofthenursingstaff,itis hopedthatherrecoverywillnotbe longdelayed.
A'TouchingMemento
HisLordshiptheBishopofPlymouth,theMostRev.Dr.Kelly,has sanctionedaschemefullofavery touchingpurpose.UndertheheadlandofEastDorsetlienolessthan thirty-sixtorpedoedvesselswhilethe nation'scommerceandbattleships continuallypassunderit.Theidea istohaveasmallchurchthere,and Massforthosewhopassby,aswellesa forthosewhomtheseawilloneday giveupagain.WritinginhisAdvent Pastoraltobereadinthechurches onarecentSunday,theBishopsays: "Inthismatterweshallexpresslyappealtothenavybutperhapsthere areamongusthosewhowillhavea tenderremembranceofthemenwho keptthedrearyfouryears'watch. Veryfewsuspectthegreatnumbersof Catholics,outsidetheRoyalNavy. whointheNavalReserve.andoften inpoorlyarmedboats,wentdownin theserviceoftheKing.Wemean, pleaseGod,totakeimmediatestepsin thismatter."TheremustbehundredsofCatholicsintheBritishIsles whoduringthegreatwarlosttheir lovedonesinthemannerspoken andtowhomtheschemesanctioned bytheBishopofPlymouthwillcarry averytender,touching,andedifying appeal.Itisnothinglessthanthe musicoflovedones'voices,nowsilent onearth,callingfromthefaroffsland. Thetenderloyaltyduetotheholy deadwillpromptmanytoassistin suchalaudablepurpose.
Dr.Duhig'sReturn
ArchbishopDuhigreturnedtoBrisbaneonTuesdaynightafteratour abroad.lIewasmetatthecentral stationbymanyprominentofficials. VariousCatholicsocietiesformeda procession,and.headedbytheHibernianBand,proceededthroughthecity streetstoSt.Stephen'sCathedral. whereDr.Duhigaddressedacrowded congregation,manyhundredsbeing unabletoobtainadmission.WheninterviewedDr.Duhig,referringtoEuropeanproblems,saidhefoundapolicy ofaloofnessinAmerica."Shecertainlydoesnotwantwar.andsheislikely toshowhertemperiftheFrenchper inforcingmattersinEurope.M. Clemenceaudidnotonthewholeget acordialreceptioninAmerica,andhie missioncouldnotbedescribedasa success."Dr.Duhig,duringhis speech.saidhewaspleasedtoannouncethatthePopehadconferredon FatherLane.theAdministratorofSt. Stephen'sCathedral,thecrossofthe order"Proecclesiaetpontifice."which wasthefirstdistinctionofitskindto cometoAustralia.
St.Patrick'sDay Celebrations1923
TheINITIALMEETINGofthe abovewillbeheldattheARCH-
PERTH,at8 p.m.onMONDAY,JANUARY,22nd, 1923.FullattendanceofParochial andSocietyDelegatesrequested. JAS.DWYER. Hon.Secretary.
ThomsonsLtd.
eel
Chestertonandthe Church
theiccentconversionutI:K.tjl,' tertun,notedwriterandlecturer,to theRomanCatholicclhutch.hascausedaprofoundstirinintellectualand religiouscirclesTheAnglicanweekly,"TheChurchTimes."commentson hissecessionasalosstotheChurch ofEnglandofoneofthemostbrilliantChristianwritersoftheday. whileRomanCatholicswelcomehim asoneofthemostimportantacces sinussinceNewman.
Mr.Chesterton,writeslienrySinner ville.gavemeaninterviewinhis countryhonwatBeaconsfieldto-day, andtoldmethereasonsforhisconversion.liesaid:
"IalwayshelievedrattheCatholic viewofChristianitjatleast.Ihave believeditfor20years.Unlessthe ChurchofEnglandwasabranchof theCatholicChurch.Ihadnousefor it.IfitwereaProtestantchurch,I didpotbelieveinit.Inanycase thequestioniswhethertheChurchof Englandcanclaim,,,-,beindirectdescentfromthemedievalCatholic Church.Thatisthequestionfor everyAnglo-C:atholicorHighChurch man." Withcharacteristicparadox,Mr. Chestertonwentontosaythatitwas leadingProtestantswhohadconvertedhimtoCatholicism.
"Amongthepeoplewhohavehelped meto rthequestionas CO whetheChurchofEnglandwas Catholic.Chesteitoncontinued, "arcthechiefProtestantleadersinthe ChurchorEngland:forinstance.Dr. Inge.deanofStPaul's.andBishop Henleylenson-BishopofDurham. Theyhavedonemethisgoodservice,
andIwishtoexpressmygratitudeto themforit.Theyhavedonemethe bestserviceonemancan-dotoan other will*giveyouexamples.
"Itappearstomequiteclearthat anychurchclaimingtobeanauthoritativechurchmustbequitedefinite whengreatquestionsofpublicmorals areput.CanIgoinforcannibalism orthemurderofbabiestoreducethe population.oranyotherscientificand progressivereform?Anychurch withauthoritytoteachmustsay whetheritcanliedone.Butthe Protestantchurchesareinutterbe. wildermentonthesemoralquestions.
ExamplesofProtestantWobbling.
"Forexample.onbirthcontrol; whenyouhavepeople-andsuchsinceremenasDeanInge-comingout publiclyanddefinitelyaschampions forwhatregardasalowandpoisoneustrick.nutfarremovedfrominfanticide,youcansecwhatImean. Ondiver,.spiritualismandsuicide, also.the,.failtospeakwithcertainty. ftisperfectlytruethatthereare intheChurchofEnglandandother Protestantbodies.manywhowould denouncetheseheathenvicesasmuch asIcan.BishopGore(retiredBishopofOxford,.wouldspeakabout themasstronglyasthePope.But thepointistheChurchofEngland doesnotspeakstrongly.Inshort,it hasnounityofaction:itcannotgive acommonreplytopeoplewhenthey askforauthoritativeview.Ihave nouseforachurchwhichisnota churchmilitant.whichcannotorder 1,attleandfallinlineandmarchin thesamedirection.
"ItwouldtakemetooIon:;ludisens::allargumentswhiminfluenced mydecision."Mr.Thesottonsaidin conclusion."hutthosearetheprinci palpracticalreasxiswhiAbidn-cto embraceCatholicism."
SoldierPriestsSue Slanderer
LibelActionAgainstM.Painleve, FormerMinisterofWarThepriestsintheDioceseofMont* pellieraresuingM.Painleve.former MinisterofWarandPremierof Franceforseveralmonthsin1917.for libelofthepriesthood. M.PainleveisnowaDeputy,and theChamberhadthereforetobepetitionedtolifttheParliamentaryimmunitywhichprotectedhimbefore stepscouldbetakentobringthe action. Thesignaturesof276priests,all formersoldiers,andthemajorityof themdecoratedforbraveryonthe battlefield,wereattachedtoapetition'senttotheFrenchChamber,askingthatbodytolifttheParliamentary immunitysothatawritforlibel mightbeservedonDeputyM.Painleve.Thereasonsfurthisactionare asfollows;CauseofAction.
IntheabsenceofM.Caillaux,banishedhornParisbyadecisionofthe HighCourt,M.PainleveisPresident oftheLiguedelaRepublique,"a Radical-Socialistorganisationwhichis makingacampaigntocontrolParliamentin1924. EverySundaythe headsoftheLiguespeakinsometown oftheprovinces. Notlongago.M.Painlevewasat Montpellier.DuringabanquetasrangedbytheRadicalsandSocialists ofthedistrict.iii.Painlevespokeof thenecessityof"defendingthepublic schoolsagainsttheclericalreaction." Thelocalradicalpaper,"LePetit Meridional,"commentingonthe speech,attributedthefollowingstatementtoM.Painleve. "Itwasnotthepublicschoolteacherswerewereslackersduringthewar. itwasthemeninblackcassocks."
ProtestofPress.
ChristianBrothers'College
ST.GEORGE'STERRACE,PERTH.
'filEPRINCIPAL.WILLBEPNATTiNDANCETOENROLNEW PUPILSATANYTIMEAFTERJANUARY29th. FORPARTICUARS.APPLYTOW.J.POWER,Principal.
SelectYourShirtsat COGANBROS.
TheVaiusisbig,theValueisGenuineineveryShirtwesell.That's whykeenl'alue-Seekersalwayssatisfy theirShirtWantsatCoganBros.EsI3eciallyattractivearetheNewSeeson'sShowingsofShirtsmadeby-"Champion,""Radford,""Pelaeo," "Welch-Margetson."
AVERYWIDESELECTION.
From8s.9d.Upwards
rCoganBro
HAY-STREET,PERTH. SI"WHERETHEGOODHATSARE."
Assoonasthisstatementbecame known,alargenumberofpapersmade violentprotests.OneoftheCatholic paperswrote: "M.Painlevelies.Andhisliemust bemadeknowneverywhereto-morrow,sothateverywherehemaybe scornedbyallthosewhoknowofthe heroicconductofourpriests,ourbrothers,sons.compatriotsandfriends. byallthosewhoweepforthem,byall thosewhoadmirethem." Theeditorof"L'Intransigeatit,"a neutralpaper,likewisedenounces"this wickedactionAuchmoredishonourableforM.Painlevethanforthoseto whomhereferred."
Lastly,M.XavierVallat,ayoung deputywholost'alegandaneyein thewar,sentanopenlettertoM. Painleve.inwhichhecallsthestatementattributedtoM.Painleveby"Le PetitMeridional""anodiousinfamy."
InthenameofhiscolleagueM.de Gailhard-BanoebdeputyoftheArdeche,whohadoneson,apriest,killedinthewar,andanotherson,alsoa priest,badlydisabled;andinthename ofanothercolleague,M.Ruellan.deputyofIlle-et-Vilaine.whosebrother. apriest,diedonthefieldofhonour; andinhisownname,astheonly survivingbrotherofanoviceofthe SocietyofJesus,whogavehislifefor hiscountry,M:XavierVallatasksthe formerPremierwhetherheiswilling totakebackhiswordsorwhetherhe assumesfullresponsibilityforthem. Painleve'sAnswer.
M.Painleve'sanswerrevealedembarrassment.Hestatedfirstthat the"PetitMeridional"hadmisquoted him.But,althoughlessviolent.the wordswhichheadmitshavingspoken arenolessunacceptable.Thisis whatheclaimstohavesaid:
"Officialstatisticsconcerningthe lossesofthewarshowthatthepersonnelofourpublicschools(onedead outofeveryfourmobilised)hasa gloriousrecord.Whydonotthose whoattackthemsobitterlypublish similarstatisticsconcerningthenumberofpriestsmobilised?Isitbecausedespitethenumerousexamples ofheroeswhoabandonedtheircassockstoruntothebattlefield,itis fearedthatthedifferencebetweenthe twosetsofstatisticswouldbetoo great?" AndinconclusionM.PainlevestatedthatdoubtlesstheChurch"used itsinfluence"tokeepitspriestsaway fromthefiringline.
M.Vellat'sReply.
l'allatansweredthisletterinthe followingterms:-
AllBrothersinArms.
"Imayaddthatitwouldneverhave occurredtometoopposethemtothe statisticsconcerningthepublicschool teachers.
"Thesonofapublicschoolteacher andbrotherofaJesuitwhodiedfor France,Iuniteallmybrothersin arms,priestsorlayteachers,inthe samememory,anditismyboastthat thefirstsentencespokenbymeinthis Parliament,whereIhavethehonour tobe,wasatributetotheheroismof both.
"Icanbutassureyou.Monsieur.of mymostperfectscornforyourinabilitytounderstandthelessonsof thewar.-XavierVallat."
Thisreplyhadjustbeenreadin Pariswhennewswasreceivedfrom Montpellierthattheclergyofthediocesehaddecidedtobringanaction against"LePetitMeridional"andM Painleve.
LettheNationDecide
A'NSLIE'S ROYAL 1..1)INBURCH
"Itisnolongeraquestionoftclear andcharacteristiclibelasinthesentenceattributedtoyouby'LePetit Meridional.'andforwhichthispaper willhavetoassumefullresponsibilitybeforethecourts:itisnolongera questionofaffirmingthatthepriests wereslackers;youcontentyourself withdeclaringthatdoubtlessthe Hierarchymadeeveryefforttoprotectthepriests. "Wheninsinuationsofthiskindand ofthisgravityaremadetheyshould bebackedatleastbythebeginnings ofproofs.Whereareyours?You werePreeidentoftheCouncilandMinisterofWarin1917foreightmonths; ifyouhadbeenconvincedatthistime thatthepriestswereorhadbeen slackers.whydidyounotchasethem outoftheirniecesofsafety?Itwould havebeenyour'strictduty,andyou hadfullauthoritytodoso. "Iwillnotremindyouofthestatisticsconcegthelossessufferedby theclergyduringthewar.Theyhave beenpublishedforalongtime,and youhavenoexcuseforignoringthem sinceyouhavesuchapassionatein merestinthissubject. "Theyareashonourableasthose olanynationalbody;youcannot denyit.
"lineal,"intheDublin"Leader," writes: Ilewouldbeawisemanwhocould deciderightlywhetherIrelandhassufferedinureatthehandsofherown sunsthatatthoseofstrangers.(Inc thingmostcertainisthatthebitter suffering,andmorebittershame,now beingenduredbythisill-starrednationisnotbeinginflictedbyanypee, pieotherthanourselves.Isthereno remedyforthis?Canmenjustlycall. orthink,themselvespatriotswholove theirownopinionsbetterthanthe wealoftheircountry?Isthereno wayofsubmittingrivalopinionsto anydecisivetribunal,ortothenoOwedjudgment?Ilasanybodyof menasighttosetthemselvesupas infalliblearbitersofthecountry's destiny?Andhasthenationatlarge absolutelynorightsatall?Noclaim tobeheardorobeyed?Hasevery manwhothinksthathisprinciplesare best,arighttoslay,seize,destroy,or anarchise,ifhefindsthathecannot gethisviewsacceptedbyaneffective majorityofhiscountrymen?Ifsuch a"right"wereadmitted,therewould soonbeanendofallright.andofall reason,too."Wreckwhereyoucannotrule"isapolicyfitonlyformadmen,andonewhichmostmadmen neverattempttoapply. Thereareonlytwowaysofruling men,sofarasIknow:byforce,and byopinion.Bothhaveoftenbeen employedinthisworld,buttoemplaybothatthesametimespellsfailure.Therearctimeswhenruleby forceisnecessary,and,therefore,justifiablebutjustificationceaseswith necessity,anditcanotco-existwithineffectiveness.Dothosewhocall themselvesRepublicans,tellthemselves,ordotheymeantotellus,that theirGovernmentis"effective"?That itisactivelyandacceptablyfunctioning?CantheRepublicanGovernment putaStockExchangetransaction through!Orgiveamanavalid transferofland?Canitsendatelegramforme,carryaletter,orsellme a.stamp?Canitgiveme,orgetme, apassportthatanyContinentalState willrecognise?Whereareitslaw courtsitspoliceofficers,itscivilse, vents? DotheRepublicansthink thattheirproceedingswearanyother aspectto-daythanoneofpureanarchy?Atetheyabletoenvisage themselvesasanythingelsethanexasperatedanddespairingmen,madly resolvedtowreckwheretheycannot rule?OrdotheythinkthatIam a"slave"orsomeotherrhetoricalfig ment!)iithatisthelightinwhichI seethem,asitisthatinwhichmost oftheirfellow-Irishmenseeahem? Thetimehasassuredlycomewhet. Irelandshouldbeallowedtodecide foritself,andwhenourpoliticsshould ceasetobemerelyafellfeudbetween twobodiesofSinnFeiners.Ireland oughttobeheard,shouldbeheard, mustbeheard!SimsFeinadvanced theIrishcauseveryrapidly-uptoa certainpoint.Butfromthetimethat pointwasreached(December6,1921) SinnFeinhasbeetssplit.Attheend ofJunelast,thesplitbecameanarmedstruggle.InthatstruggletheRepublicansectionwasspeedilybeaten inthefield,andeverytown.andeven village.waswrenchedfromit;since thenithasputitsenergiesinainly intoamadwaruponthecommunity andallthepublicutilities.Itissimplyapolicyofwreckwhereyoucan't rule)Themajorityofthenationis onthesideoftheGovernment,notbe causeitinherentlyqlikesonesection ofSinnFeinsomuchbetterthanthe otherbutjustbecausetherulingsectionhassetupaGovernmentwhichbarthedoingsofthewreckers-functionspassablyenough.Butthewreckingtroubleremains.andthevirusof thesplitbetweenthetwosectionsof SinnFeinremains,andthetimehas unquestionablycomeforthesuffering nationatlargetomakeitsvoiceheard, anditswillfelt. Whatremedydo
Treaty,thentheRepublicansshould bowtothenation'sdecision,ceaseto molesttheGovernmentorharassthe community,andcontentthemselves withapeacefulpropagandismoftheir principles.
IftheRepublicanswillacceptthis modeofsettlement,Imakelittle doubttheycouldgetitapplied.If theydonotacceptit,itissurelyup tothemtoshowwhatfaulttheyfind withit.Itwillnotdotosaythat theexclusionofboysunder21isa sufficientreasonforrejectingit.since inthemanyelectionsSinnFeiners havehithertocontested,minorsdidnot vote,andyettheresultsofsuchelections,whensuccessful,havebeen claimedassomanyendorsementsof SinnFein.Themodeofendorsement, surely,cannotberatedasinvalidnow? IfRepublicansarealwaysdiscovering newreasonsforrefusinganelectoral decisiontheywillexcitecynicalmisgivingsastotheirmotivesindoingso. Therecanbenojustreasonwhythey shoulddeclinesuchatestasIhave suggested.Ifthedecisionisintheir favour,theyarevindicated;ifitis againstthem,theyshouldletnofalse shamepreventthemfrombowingto thewilloftheircountrymen.Nobody willexultorgloatoverthem;theins' measurablereliefandadvantageofa saneandpeacefulsettlementwilloutweigheverythingelse.Itwassaidby anancientmoralistthat"Amanina passionappearstodeviatefromright adegreeofpain."Unless theRepublicansareeithermoreorless thanhuman,theymusthavealready experiencedmanydegreesofpain,as theyhavecertainlyinflictedmany. Theonewayforthemtoceasegiving andfeelingpainistoreconcilethemselvestotheirsufferingfellow-countrymen.
TheLateAliceMeynel
GreatPoetandEssayist.
AfteranillnessextendingeverseveralmonthS,Mrs.AliceMeynelldied atherresidenceinLondononthe26th ofNovemberlast.Herdeathrobs Englandofitsleadingpoetess.Mrs. Nleynell.whowasbornin1850,was thewifeofNIr.WilfredMeynell,the welOknownwriter,andsisterofLady Butler,thepainterofbattlepictures. AsMr.LewisHindhaswrittenso wellabouther:"Shedoesnotallow thehighandintricateattitudeofner arttobescaledeasilybythereader. Ilemustrisetoherausterelevel." Shewastheladyofoneofherown loveliestpoems: "shewalkstheladyofmydelight Ashepherdessofsheep, lierflocksarethoughts.Shekeeps themwhite Sheguardsthemfromthesteep: Shefeedsthemonthefragrantheight Andfoldstheminhersleep." ADevoutCatholic. ShitwasaconverttoCatholicityin herearlyyears.andherdeepreligious feelingwasmanifestedinmuchofher bestwork.Perhapsitfounditsmost appropriateexpressionin"TheYoung Neophyte."
sealmyloveto-bemyfoldedart lightthetapersatmyhead_and feet, Andlaythecrucifixonslitssilent heart.
Thedelicacyofthoughtandcrafts manshipwhichmarkedallherwork gaveherearlyfameamongthosewno couldbestappreciateitsbeauty."The finestthingsIhaveyetseenorfeltin mixternverse,"wasJohnRuskin's commentOltthreeearl)poems.PatmoreandMeredithwereherwarmadmirersaswellasherclosefriends. Dickens'Verses. apoet,Alicewasindependentof academies:and,besides,nunsofthe familysuspectedthegiftinher-a conditionperhapseminentlyfavourabletoitsdevelopment.Thechildof sevenreadShakespearewithher father(andthoughthissonnetswere prosaic..WordsworthandTennyson. Whatshelovedbestwas"Paulet'Vit. ginie."Themother,abrilliantexecutantonthepianoandacomposer ofmeritaccordingtothestandardsof hertime.keptthemeverstrivingfor thebestwithintheirreach.Her maidennanwwasWeller.asufficientlycommononeinSussexDickens wroteprettyversestoherasagirl
andMURRAYSTREETS,PERTH
onthecoincidenceitsuggested,and afterwardsintroducedhertothe youngmanwhowastobecomeher husband.
ThePowerBehind Revolution
AddressingoneofthemostenthusiasticgatheringsofCatholicmenever heldinBirmingham,hisGracethe ArchbishopofLiverpool,inthecourse ofanotablespeechreferredtothe SpartacistplottooverthrowtheCatholicChurch.Summarisingthewellknownhabitsofthecuckoo.hisGrace saiditwasaparasite,afraud,anda brigand.
"Thisworldisfullofcuckoos,"he continued"ThecuckoosIwantto warnyouagainstparticularlyarethose whothrustthemselvesintoofficein allkindsofworkingmen'sassoc!at.ons, andalsoinothersocietiesofother classes'notinordertohelpthoseassociations,buttodoth2i-owndirty workattheexpenseofmovecreditable people.
"Iwillputbeforey3uta3orthree historicalfacts.
"AftertheArmsiticeyouwilllemember,therewasakindofoutbreak ofrevolutionalloverthecontinent. daresayyourememberreadingabout theSpartacists,whoatonetimelookedasiftheyweregoingtoseizethe reinsofpower.TherewasaSpartacuswholivedmanyhundredsof Yearsagowholeadaslaverebellion. ButtherewasanotherSpartacuswho lived150yearsago.HewasaGerman,andSpartacuswasthepseudonymheadoptedinorderthathe mightspreadverydangerousideas withoutbeing,broughttobookfor them. GospelofDestruction.
"Itwashewhoinspiredthatparticularbodyofrevolutionariesafter theArmisticeinGermany.
"Hisgospelwasthedestructionofall Europeancivilisation.Thatcivilisa lion.herecognised,wasthecreation oftheCatholicChurch.Therefore,in ordertobringaboutastateofperfect anarchy,hisfirstobjectwastooverthrowtheCatholicChurchandthen tooverthroweveryformofgovernmentwhichexistedinhisday.He wasananarchistinthefullsenseof theword.Hiswholegospelwasdestruction;heleftittootherstofind somethingtoputinitsplace.
"Lookatthecuckoomethods!
"ThefollowersofSpartacuswerefew, andtheydidnotdaretoaffrontpublic opinionwiththosedoctrines.They therefore,concoctedaplanwhereby theywouldgointoanymovement wherethereweredisgruntledpeople.If therewasaracewhichwassmarting underalienrule,theSpartacistsat onceespousedthecause.Theygot everybody'sconfidencebytheirapparentsincerity.Buttheirplanwasto weenthosepeopleawayfromtheir ownparticularobject,andutilisethem asweaponsforbringingaboutthe world-widerevolutiontheyhadat heart.
WhatRevolutionsReallyAre.
Thatwasoneofthebiggestthings theyears-,-alltheleadersoftheFrench RevolutionwereSpartacists---andit hascomedownandbeenrepeatedin almostidenticaltermsinBolshevism; eventhesamecatchwordsarebeing used.Therehasnotbeenonesocial upheavalsincethedaysofSpartacus inwhichyouwillnotfindatrace.of hisdoctrines.
"Always,always,always."declared theArchbishopwithgreatemphasis, "revolutionisaimedagainsttheCatholicChurch.Therevolutionaries areagainstGovernments,butthey wouldhelpanyGoverinnentwhich wouldhelpthemagainsttheChurch. PopeafterPopehashadtoproclaim thesecretsocietiesonthatgroundthatitwasahugeconspiracyfor uverthrosVingChristiancivilisation. Ourexpensesgoonallthetime Pleaseimiakeapointofforwarding yoursubscriptionregularlyto"The Record."
-Afterreading"TileRecord,"handit 1..afriend;perhapshewillsubscribe. andyouwillhavedonehimaservice andhelpedalongtheapostolateofthe Catholicpress.
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