The Record Newspaper 12 April 1919

From"theCityoftheSoul"

"Dappertuto,"writingfromRome. underdateJanuary30,1919,says,in aCatholicexchange:Europewillhaveasickenerofthe Slaysbeforeitisdunewiththem.The SlaysofRussiahavealreadymade thingsunpleasant;nowtheJugo-Slays mItalyandtheCsecho-SlaysinBohemiaarebeginningtomaketrouble fortheChurch.AtPraguetheCzech ClergybelongingtotheAgragrian Partyhavejustheldameetingat whichtheyadoptedaresolutiondemandingtherestorationoftheCzech languagefortheliturgyandtheabolitionofcelibacyfortheClergy.These Cssee.ho-SlayPriestsaregreatlymixed opinpolitics,beingmembersofeither theAgrarian,National,orDemocratic Parties.whileseveralofthemhold positionsasDeputiesandoneatleast isaMinister.InDalmatiatheJug°. SlaysandtheOrthodoxClergyare makingtroubleTheBishopofRa. valefollowingonadvicesreceived fromSerbia,hasissuedapastorallet tertotheParishPriestsinvitingthose oftheGreekfaithtotellthepeople cleattheybelongtoaSlavStateof whichKingPeterofSerbiaistheruSerThepeoplewhoforthemustpart areferventCatholicshaverejectedthis ideawithindignation.refusingtobe dominatedbyOrthodoxy,andasare salttherehavebeenmanyscenesare! muchtumult.AtGruda.duringhe OrthodoxChristmas,DonLucianoNiueisciaddressedhispeoplefromthepal pitonaJugeSlavState,andthepea. plecrying"Wewillhavenopart it"lefttheChurch.Anotherpriest, DonVidopich,isobligedtoremain hishouseforfearoftheindignatiin,4 thepeasantry.AtPloazetheparish. lonershaverefiasedtheministrations oftheparishpriest,Don13accie,andat PoglezietheSerbofileRectorisnotallowedtaenterhisChurchunder threatsofviolence.AtMocciciPadre JamehadtoabandonanotherSerbian agitationbeforetheireofthepeewintry,woundedintheirmostinti :natereligioussentiments.AtSpatatocertainSlavelementshavebeen treatingtheItalianpartofthepopulationwithgrossinjusticeandcree.iy. TheItaliansontheotherhandhave savedthecountryfromstarva-ion andfamine.asisacknowledgedit.a letteronlyjustreceivedbythewriter ofthesesinesfromthoseregtens,and theywiththeirsystemoffeedingthe neuesaitouspoorfreeandenablingthe moneyedclassestoobtainsufficientis' thenecessariesoflifehavebeenwelcomedwithopenantisbythebested thepooulation.Itissignificantthat whenbelegraia.anotherJugo-Slav agitator,startedwitha'manifestoei callapopulationof14,000personste hearhimheliadanaudienceof400

TheNewParty'sProgramme. Aft. ftheCasholeIs:' Illatnent.ers thePr,,i,-. an-1 1,,r the t.:. :an; wh., otisl,a Statute,Tiefurict;ors w.ilsnd,ilterthegrit tiatteel ,;ri.:, Theappcel drftese.iitoall:IT.;01(1strong'nee..00l goesontoca-.thatthepartswillto tarothattiolitl,11ardmoralprogramme whichisthepatrimonyofchristiee Nationsandwhich,asrecordediiithe augustwordsofPresidentWile,.is theelementalfoundationofafuture wtthtrejectsthatimperialismthat createsadorienantpeopleandpre. paresaviolentreussion.Therefore theSte-istyofNationsdemand.e emits:116,nofal.113iNation.Salim tions,topreparetheadventofmover .1E4eicsarmaineet.abalishsectet;teats..., assuretheliberty,fthesea.propeeaosaeleeal legislatiun clign-tvr.I.aloplr.andre-ecntis kern;agan-etal:Secteepresst,e. Theywill.deeatethemselveswithfer 14:'.1r thefutureofItaly.secure herconfines1,1,1surroundedby thesacnficewhosesonshaseontrinedheruniteandrenewedherinaral coi.eicieteeSuchisthegist the manifest,TheProvisional4',et:etIs sienisroyalesectbytheHon\'vacateG.Bertin.AdvocateG .rte. S.(.74VcaZZ011iaGrande'onte -.soli,Hon.CLonginotti.theIles. I. veaatePro',AMuir'. e berini,GMerlini,Ile.e..a ConteC.SantucciandPse Stuns.,asPolitiral *e, prgri,nonsisalength) -e inc....au,ka.andincludesthefull..

TI..,integrityafthefamilyan.1 defenceagainstallfiernsofd:: andcompronaseofmarriage.

sothatallclasseswithoutexclusion arerepresentedinthepublicbodies fromtheCommunalCounciltothe ProvincialassembliesandtheStatedepartments. 4.Sociallegislation,rue tionalandinternational,whichguaranteesgoodmarketsandgoodworking conditionsandregulateshygiene,commerceandregulatesthehoursoflabeur,thepropagationofarbitrationto settleconflictsinindustrialworksand amongstagriculturallabour,co-operativeassurancefurthesick,theold,the disabled.andtheunemployed.protec-, thinofthesmallholderofaruraldistrict. 5. OrganisationoftheproductivecapacityoftheNational,utilisingelectricalforceandmineralwealth, moreextensivecultivationandassistant*foragriculturalcolonisation,regus latienofwatercourses,increaseofthe mercantilemarine:anationalsolution fortheproblemsofto-dayandofthe territoryreconquered.Libertyand antonomyonthepublicservices.reformofbureaucracy,andlargedeceit tralisationofadministration_ 7This isanimportantclause.Itcallsfor thereformofthepublicworksofcharityandassistancetomakethem'vote ofasocialprovidenceandlesshard andotficial.Italsodemandsrespect ofprivateinstitutionsengagedonthe samekindofcharitableworks,promisesacampaignagainsttuberculosis, andtheassistanceofallsufferersby thewar,includingthemaimed,widows, orphans,andtheirvalidedTheeighth clauseisthemustimportantofallfrom theCatholicpointofview.Itcalls forthelibertyandindependenceofthe Churchintheexplicitplaneofher greatspiritualworkandlibertyand respectoftheChristianconscience,as thefoundationofNationallife,of popularliberty,andofchivalryinthe world Theotherfourclausesare takenupwithreformoftaxes,rates, etcelectoralandpoliticalreform. votesfurwomen.Nationaldefence,and theSoc'etyofNations.Havingconstitutedthisprogrammeofliberty, itisticeandnationalprogress.ir.spired byChristianprinciplestouchingon socia:.economicalandpoliticalpro Gress,they,towproceedtotheformationoftheNationalCatholicParts', constituti-m,whichwasdescribede. theHolyFather'sreplytoCountils Torreasaweaponplacedinthehand of11-.ePopeforfocialreform.'I: PartitoPopulareItalian°hasitsseaatRomeTheexecutiveoftheparty istheNationalCouncil,theDirectorateisinthePolitic-alSecretariat.The Counciliscomposedofthirtyfour members,twentyofwhomareelected bytheNationalCongress,fivetoform aquorum.Fourarenominatedby theCatholicParliamentarygroup feinttheirmembers,eightareselected fromtheNationalSyndicateandecoeinealorganisationsandthepolitical pres.- TheNational(outlet'mustbe senenatedwithinaniort'a tl,t ,Iii!r-s.sbyaclearntal'thisu: TaeexecutiveeorninI,. c.:np-s,!of'evenruern!"srs tugthep,liticalsecretary. mustbeaNationalCon deliberateup-tit I,nes h 717 L.,oftheParty ehoosethepolitica: c!irectthegenerala4-6in r.,1order.formthe:Inkbetweenthe I'viiintunalCouncils.organ-sethepressservicearidthelocal conventione,anddeliberateonmatters notdealtwithbytheNationalCome re,approvetheconstitutionatthe ceratoinalgreupsandlocalI.-ministees.andnonilriatethecammunalcorrespanderLs,generallycarryingoutthe cry110111:a admiristratimiof the Party

EncouragingWords, Incontle,-tionwohthusveinmatter thenewParty,thePopeheswritten a,ig,iticantlettertotheCentedella TorrePresaleatofthe11niaespope. 'are,inreplytohisletterofCieistinas e:eeteigs,assuringthePopethathis woialstothePatriciansofRome,regardingthesocialneedsistthelasui. worldbewelldigestedbytheUninne Pripulareandalsostatingthatinview ottheformationofthenewCatholic Partythepoliticalactivitiesofthe l'eenevemldnowhetransferredto theutterHislialincsssays.-The daenoftheNewYearwhirratterthe peso'; ahorriblewarrevivesinalla livelyhopeforahappier!inure,find, sthelicsturringt.,1).elr

I'ontiittoeealaver:de .i,epraifofallUlICO:VA:71:112,.ed :. profoundaffectionpresenzonestheirhomageandferieni herwithCiesacredpro.

v ': morality: sisnooseeieiprotectionofinfant-v. theo:r-veel'the rate.2I.lh.

ery.e-trection:seholastie ,r-yo talaienen:cm!!reptile-iellsorepa. et ':de- bypee.eaieniilinstru

3 henriesrots-ige',OciiiandlileUat,sorgeinsatiansands..raliy

a.e-,,trandmeteeenereusacteegood ebrethren etophofthe 1, The :sideswith elowalof oilic11,ersslitese, :illthe 7) eepeciallsoe Presi-I.:1:1 BRICAITT

Webb4Webb PHOTOGRAPHERS,ARTDEAL, ERSandPICTUREFRAMERS.

Eiders:mimesfromOldandFadedPhotographsOut-doorWorkand BridalGroupsaSpecialty.

616HAYST.,PERTH(NearBarrackSt.)

--PAIL'S&AY- 1-{A I -

CO:1eePoisce ColletPalace

Mrs.CHAMBERLAIN,Proprietress.

ThemostsuitablefotvisitorstoPerth.Theyarerightopposite thePerthRailwayStation BestattentionandModeratePrices

Tel.A16155

TheCatholicArtandBook1)epot

834HAYST.,NextDoorCelticClub,OppositeRingEdwardHostel. MissN.3.McDERMOTT.Provrietrt-,R's PureWasCandles,Charcoal.Tapers,Floats,SanctuaryOil,Crucifixes,Roe areBeads,Scapulars.Medals.SpecialtyinStatuary,FramedPictures,New Booksjustarrived'"AttheFootofJesus,'"TreasuryoftheSanctuary," "LookingonJesus,"'FromBethlehemtoCalvary,""JesusCrucified,""Suffer ingManCod,""WatchesofthePassion,""EcceHomo,""LentenSermons onthePassion,""ItalyWeekandEaster,"'LoretooftheHolyHouse," RooksbyFatherLasance,ThoughtsonReligiousLife.Prayer-bookforReligion.BlessedSacramentBook,MyPrayer-book.WithGod,SundayMie sal.RomanMissal,ShortVisitstotheBlessedSacrament,VisitstoJesusso theTabernacle,NewIreland,historyifIrelandbyDarcyMcGee.Knock 'nagow,StoryofIrelandbyA.M.Sullivan,RecollectionsofanIrish JudgebyMcDonnellBodkin.AgoodAssortmentofEnglishan,' Amer:jeanStoryHooks.SacredHeartMessengers,OurLady's Mt .10!113.Stloseph'sGarland.Australian.;ltAnthony'sAnna!,AveMaris OrkinPromptlyAttendedto TelA1940

W.BOXALL

DENTALSURGEON. 148BARRACKSTREETfUpstairst.

M WBOXALL,whoIsalegallyqualifiedandregisteredDentistof VictoriaandWesternAustralia,respectfullydrawstheattentionofthe pablictothefactthathispracticeinWesternAustralia,duringthelast eighteenyearshasbeenbuiltanthesolidfoundationsofnieritorioua skillandrecommendationsfromgratifiedpatients.Ileappreciatesthis somuchthathewishestopreventmistakesregardinghisaddress.He hasonlytheoneestablishmentinPerth,andemploysnoagencies, touts,orcanvassersin'townorCountry,ThePresspraises,theMedical Pro,ftesionrecommends,andthePublicendorsesthatthismarvellous systemofremovingteethisdailydemonstratedwithoutpain.

ourbeautifulsetsNaturalCuntPorcelainTeethiswithoutdoubt thebestitstheworld;thecontourofthefaceandmouthbeingrepro. ducedinsuchamanr.erastodefydetection.Moreover,itiscomfortable,light,anddurable.perfectlytasteless,andpermanentlywhole semeandpure. Ihavemanyimitators,butHorivals,inthisclassof work.'l'eethnotfittingcanberemodelledonmynewsystem.At least.tallandseeInvdenturesbeforegoingelsewhere.Meworkmanship IT1ybestadvertisement,becauseIdevoteallmytimepersonallyto estyonepractice.Hence. I canstayrightwhereamknownbymy rebutation. 4'ountrypatientscan'leattendedtoinoneclayconsultationsarefree. andmanypoundsaresavedbythosewhy.consult:tieandentrusttheir worktome.

TheWorld-WideIrishQuestion

BraveWordsbyArchbishopMannix

AttheSt.Patrick'sRightconcertinfindthemexpectant,erect,resolute, theMelbourneTownHall,hisGracecalm,determined.(SustainedaptheArchbishopofMelbourne(theplause.(Theyareunited,too,asthey MostRev.Dr.Mannix)wasthesubneverwerebefore,probably.(Apjectofaremarkabledemonstrationasplause.)Thecountryhasgrownsick heroseinhisplacetoaddresstheim-oftheEnglishParliament,withits =useassemblagethatfilledtoover-triflingandshufflingandtreachery. flowingtheTownHall.Numerous(Cheers.)Therewillbenomore Irishflags,hats,andhandkerchiefsmarchingthroughthelobbiesanthe werewaved,whilstthehallresoundedturnstilesofWestminster.Ireland's fromendtoendwithvociferouscheers.representativeswillnotanylonger

Whenatlengththedemonstrationplead,inahostileParliament,forbeghadcalmeddown,themostrev.pre-garlyconcessions.WhatIrelandwants, latesaid:- andwhatIrelanddemands,is,not Rev.Fathers,Ladies,andGentle-concessions,butIreland-fortheIrish. men,-Itisveryhardtosatisfythe(Greatcheering.)Herelectedrepreheartofman. Ihavehadavery sentativesstanduponherownsoil. TheyhaveshakenthedustofWest- pleasantevening,andyet1havebeenrninsterfromtheirfeet,and,formy lookingforsomethingwhichIdidnot,part,Ihopethatneveragainwillthey andcouldnot,find.TheabsenceofdarkenthedoorsoftheParliament itmademeveryuncomfortable.YouHouseinLondon.(Prolonged cannotguesswhatitis.(Laughter.)plause.)Andsurelythenewpolicy

Theflagswithwhichthishallisde-hasnotcometoosoon.Asyouknow, coratedareprovidedbytheloyaltheIrishParty,withinfinitelabour, TownHallauthorities,andIhavebeenforcedaHomeRuleBillthroughthe lookingfortheUnionJack.(LoudandParliamentinLondon.Inorderto prolongedlaughter.)Butinvain.Idoso,theyhadfirsttobreakthe thoughtthat,ifthatflagweretobepoweroftheHouseofLords.The foundanywhere,itwouldbehere-BillwaspassedfirstintheCorn-laughter).-andIwassurethatifitmons,thenintheLords,andthen werehere,itwouldbeoftheproperwassignedbytheKing.But,when dimensions,fortheyknowheretoanthewholepoliticalfarcewasover, inchhowmanyyardsofstuffshouldtheywereasfarfromHomeRuleas speakourloyalty.(Laughter.)How-ever.FortheBillstillrequiredthe ever.probablyIwastheonlyonethatcounter-signatureofSirEdwardCar- missedit,andthat,too,isstrange.son-)ironicalcheers)-andSirEd(Laughter.) wardCarsonwouldnotgivehisenWell,ladiesandgentlemen,youaredorsementduringthewar-norafter. sometimestemptedtothink,whenyou(Ironicalcheers.)Itisthecaseof readthepapers,thatthishallwouldourMelbourneExhibitionHospital requiretobedisinfected.(Laughter.)overagain.(Laughter.)Isitany Butthismuchiscertain,thatnoanti-wonderthatIrelandregretsthather Irishgenuscouldlivehereto-nightinrepresentativeseverwenttoLondon, thefierceheatofyourlovefortheoldoracknowledgedthe.infamous"Act land.(Cheers.) ofUnion"?(Cheers.)isitany

ASplendidIrishProgramme. marvelthather75ShinFeinrepresenWehavereasontofeelgratefulthattativeshaveeachforfeited£150,the theinfluenzaepidemichaswanedinamountoftheelectiondeposit,and timetoallowustohavethispartofenoayear,ratherthandegradethemourannualcelebration.Foritwouldselvesandtheircountryanylonger? havebeenagreatprivationtoyouand(Applause.)Theyhavelosttheir meifwehadbeendeniedthepleasuremoney-wherewillyoufindpoliticians ofthisfineIrishnationalconcert. 1 sounselfish?--(cheers)--buttheyhave desiretocongratulatethecommittee,savedtheirhonour,andtheywillnot andtothankallthosewho,inmusic,maketheircountrytheplaythingof andsong-sobeautifullyrendered-Britishpoliticians.(Cheers.) havebroughtusbackinspirittotheinlandLook,tethePeaceConference. oldcountry,andhavemademyblood Butwhatistheirexpectation?For tinglewiththenewlifethatispul-themomenttheylooktothePeace satinginIrelandtoe-lay.(ApplaostelConferenceandtoPresidentWilson AFinancialRecord. andAmerica.Theydemandthe 'thoughthisyearscelebrationisrighttobeneardwhenothersmall shornofmuchofitsusualsplendour,nationsaremakingf.a.irclaims. yetIamgladtolearnthatthefinan-Whethertheywillgetahearingis cialresultislikelytobearecord.morethanwecansay.Forwedonot (Loudapplause.,'Ih'Catholicschools.knowwhetherPresidentWilsonis therefore,willnetetiferbyanythingableandwillingtoinsistuponhaving thathashape,:a - ,;uringthelastfew(electeiventotheri:-:nrip.eswhichhe weeks. (Chece.e.Thatisverysoaleyen!:enunciate;;whenhewent gratifying,fortridemandsofIleintothewar. schools, using,anemcee tionall:urge:.;.year.Butthere isnoroomter- ty.ThLCathoie peoplevalue schools,andthe Nuns,theBreeetrs,andthelayteacherswillnevereeetfoesustenanceand supportsuloie,astheyhavetheCatholicpeopletorelyupon.(Prolonged applause.' eatholiesWautFairPlayandno Favour.

Now,1ameetee'ingtoreferatrow lengthtotieeetbeofthosewhoarc soconcernedaboutourSt.Patrick's Daydemonstration.Itwasfortunate forthem,perhaps.thatthe'prevalence oftheinfluenzaepidemicmadeit futiletobringmatterstoanissuethis year.Lest,however,mysilencebe misunderstood.Iwithtosayawordin passing.WeIrishmenandIrishwomen, andallwhoareinterestedinthecelebration,aregoodcitizensofAustralia (applause)--andweexpecttobe treatedassuch.(Applause.)Wearc rotlookingfcetroubleorstrifewith anyperson,orwithanysectionofthe community.(Cheers.)Weaskno privilege.fornopreferentialtteaf ment.(Cheers.'Wehavenoobjectiontoanyreasonableregulations whichappliesto otherdenomina)'lionsaswallast-urown.(Cheers.; Butwedoobjectarediscriminationagainstthe natieaaldemonstration.whetherieeardtotheroute oftheprocession -.1anyotherparticular--(cheer,':eelIconfessthatI amgreatlymistakeein and theirsympathie---..nee eemeto submittamely Ie'iberateinselt. muchIeieh thatis'7 terwill.ticores(nt the(leap'Ce-ees.) l'hough7eofIteliieclFillAllHearts. it th.ise st 15);1:". Ourheerts art-vein. Applause.;And &owdo elpeople?We

theConferencewouldsigntheirnames inalphabeticalorder.And-whenit cametoMr.LloydGeorge'salphabeticalturn,hewoulddropabig,hot,salt tearuponhissignatureashethought oftheGermanatrocitiesinIrelandfromDroghedaandWexfordtoBachelor'sWalkandO'Connelbstreet;and hisWelshframewouldbesweptand shakenwithemotiontothinkthathe, ahumbleNVe:shattorney,wasprivilegedtoernanicipatefromGermanslaverythegallantIrishnation,whichhad solongstruggledtobefree.(Deri- sivecheers.)Oh,thehollownessand insincerityofitall!(Cheers.)UnfortunatelyfordeValera'spleading, theenemyisnotGermany,butEng- land.(Cheers.)Thatmakesallthe difference.aeers.)Thatiswhy Englandthinksthathisplaceisnotat theheadofthetable,butoutsidethe door.

DomesticQuestion.

Ofcourse,theyurgethattheIrish questionistdomesticquestion,with whichtheConferencehasnothingto do.Evenifitwereadomesticques- tion,surelyitoughttobesettled:and iftheyhavefailedtosettleitelsewhere,thenitshouldbesettledatthe Conference.(Cheers.)Foritistruly ridiculousforEnglanj1tosettlethe domesticquestionsurothernations andtorefusetosettleherownursubmitthemtotheConference.(Cheers.) Itremindsmeoftheman--weall knowhim-whoissour,ill-tempered, morose,ungenerouswithhiswifeand theotherladiesofhisownhousehold, butis devotedalwaysgayandpleasantand andopen-handedwiththose ladiesandotherswhoarenotofhis ownhome.(Laughter.)Ifone weretoremonstratewithhim,he wouldsay,itwouldbehisonlyanswer, thatthatwasadomesticquestion withwhichoutsidershadnothingto do.(Laughter.)Thatanswermay satisfyhim,butitwouldnotsatisfy hiswife,noranybodyelse.(Laughter andcheers.)

ThetruthisthattheIrishquestion isnotadomesticquestion.(Cheers.) IttoucheseverycorneroftheEmpire. (Cheers.)AnditwasMr.Lloyd Georgehimselfwhosaidinhisrecent electionmanifestothattherecould nopeaceintheEmpireuntilIreland wasappeased.(Applause.)Ilewas quiterightinthatstatement.(Cheers.) TheIrishtroubleisevenofwiderimport,forIthasitsramificationsoutside theEmpire.,inAmerica,andwherever theIrishraceisscattered.ICbeers,) NooneknowsthatbetterthanMr. LloydGeorge.unless,perhaps,PresidentWilson.(Cheers.)Itislittle usetotellMr.WilsonthattheIrish troubleisamerelocaldomesticissue. Applause.)

hisEminenteuptomeasamedia thatImightcopywithprofit.They havesometimesbeentothetroubleof sendingmehisspeeches-theydidnot sendmethislatestmessage.(Laugh- terandderisivecheers.)Ihavemore venerationforCardinalMercierthan theyhave.(Cheers.) Iknowthe, depthandthesincerityoftheirnewfoundloveforCardinalMercierand forCatholicBelgium.(Laughter.)I knowhowlongitislikelytolast. (Cheers.) Ihavelongknownand veneratedCardinalMercier,andI shouldbeproudindeedtoimitatehim evenataegetdistance.ButInever honouredhimmorethan1doto-night, withthosenoblewordsofhisinmy earsandininvheart.(Applause.)I makecandidfriendsandfoesapre- sentofthem.(Laughter.)

QueenVictoriaSpeaksPromthe Grave.

IrelandattheConference.

ButletussupposethatMr.deValeraaccordingtothecable'sheisthe PnsidtatoftheIrishRepublic-does presenthimselfinParistopleadIreland'scause,whatwouldbetheverdict ofthePeaceConference?Thereis onlyoneverdictpossible-lcheers)- andthatisjustwhyEnglandwillnot, iishecanpreventit.allowhimahearing.(Cheers.)LettheputaquestionwhichIhaveoftenputbefore.If Mr.(-leValeraweretopresenthimself atthedoorofthePeaceConference, andpleadforahearing,andifhewere askedagainstwhomhiscountryhada erievanee,andthathecouldeaythat GermanywasIreland's'eneetyandoppressor,hewouldbeatocreadmitted andgetaplaceneartheheadofthe table.(Cheers.)Ifhewereableto

saythatGermanyheldhiscountryin bondagebyforce;that,underGermanrule,theIrishpopulationhad fallenbyhalfinfiftyyears:that,of themillionslosttoIreland,somewere inexile,andothersinpaupers'graves; thatGermanyhadstrangledIreland's trade,andruinedherindustries;that theIrishpeoplewerenormallyunder coercionlaw,andthatnowthecountrywasundermartiallaw;thather electedrepresentativeswereinGermanprisons:thathehimselfhadjust escapedfromprison;thateachnew generationwithinthelast100years haditsownrebellion:ifhewereable tourgethesechargesagainstGermany atthePeaceConference:,what,thinx You,wouldhappen?Why,hewould notbeallowedtogohalf-waythrough withthelitanyofhiscountry'swoes. (Cheers.'liewouldbeaskedto p,,intoutonthereaptheboundaries ofthenewIrishSara.(AT..plause.)IIe V...ittp.ireplythatGodDadmarkedout itsconfines-(cheers.--andthet'-on7erencewouldproceed drawup tiecharterofIreland':fee:do:inunder internationalsanction.(Applause.) 'then.aswearetold,themembersof

Eveninalargeranddeepersense stilltheIrishquestionisnotdomestic, butworld-wide.ForbehindIreland, approvingherclaims,standallthenationsoftheworld.(Cheers.'They maynotbeinapositiontorender muchaidtoIreland.Butnutoneof themhaseverapprovedorcondoned England'sshamefultreatmentofIreland.(Applause). CardinalMercierandIreland. However,Imustnotdetainyou, I willjustgiveyoutwostrikingtestimoniestothejusticeofIreland's claims.Outsidemilitarycircles,atall events,thereisnomanmorehonoured'thanCardinalMercier.(Loud cheers.)Hisheroicfigureisheadand shouldersaboveallothers.(Cheers.) Heisnotahot-headedIrishextremist. (Laughter.)Hehasnoinbornhatred ofEngland.Heknowsandhehas generouslyacknowledgedwhatBelgiumowestoEngland.Hehas,no doubt,hearditassertedthatIreland hasbeenfalsetoBelgiumandtocivilisation.!lecertainlyknowswhat Irelandhasdone,andwhatIreland hasleftundoneinthewar.Ileshould, therefore.beanunprejudicedandimpartialjudgeofthequestionthat dividesIrelandandEngland.(Cheers.) Now,justhearwhatthegreatBelgian CardinalsaysinamessagetoIreland recently "ItisinconceivablethatIreland's righttoself-determinationand tionhoodbenutrecognisedbythe freenationsoftheworldatthe PeaceConference.Yourwant;v, themostfaithfulandvenervole daughteroftheChurch.deserves justicefromallmankind.andmust stir:ireeiveit. "TheIrishpeoplearetheoldest andpure,tnationality Europe, andtheirnobleadherencetofaith andnationality,theroasteloriew; recordinhistory. IthankCa-dinalMercierfurthose noblewords.(Cheers.)Candidfriends ofminehavefromtimetotimeheld

Justoneotherwitnessfromadifferentquarter.QueenVictoriawas notanIrishpatriot.(Laughter),YoungAustralians,perhaps,arenot veryfamiliarwithhername--suchis thevanityofhumangreatness.(Laughter.)Butshewasthegrand- motherofGeorgeV.,shewasQueen ofEnglandandEmpressofIndia. Shewasasensiblewoman,capableof formingasensiblejudgmentandthen ofkeepingittoherself.(Laughter.) ThestatementwhichIamaboutto readfromherMajestywasnotmade publicly.Itwasmadeinaprivate letter,which,withotherletters,isnow publishedforalltheworldtoread. Thetwovolumeswillnodoubtbe foundintheprivatecollectionofher admirersinMelbourne.But1assume thatallcanfindtheminthePublic Library.TheextractwhichIam/ abouttoreadwillbefoundinVol.II., atpage237.11erMajesty'sstatement wasmadelongago,whentherewas troublebrewinginAustru-Hungaryand inIreland.Irelandwasinastateof rebellionagainstEngland,anditlookedasifthedisruptionwhichhasovertakenAustro-Hungaryinourday mighthavebeenthenprecipitated.TheEnglishGovernmentoftheday wasreadytostampoutrevolutionin Irelandwithruthlessferocity,andat thesametimetosympathisewithre- volutioninCentralEurope.Derisivecheers.)Howhistorygoesonrepeat-ingitself!(Cheers.)QueenVictoria wasnofriendofIreland.Needlessto say,shehadnosympathywithIrish claims.Irememberagreatpartof herreign.butIcannotrecallonekind orsympatheticacttowardsIreland. However,shewasawisewomanin manyways,andshewasmorehonest thanherMinisters.Itwasinawise) andhonestframeofmindthatshe wrotethefollowingremarkableand forciblewords.anindictmentofthe dis'-,onestyandhypocrisyof-herown countryinherownday.hereareher Majesty'swords:"Itisquiteimmoral" (astrongwordforawomananda queen)"quiteimmoral,withIreland quiveringinourgraspandreadyto throwoffallegianceatanymoment, forustoforceAustriatogiveupher lawfulpossessions."Thatisstrong languagefromtheQueenofEngland. (Cheers.)Ilerindictmentofthe hypocrisyofhernationisevenmore tellingandbitingto-daythanwhenit waswritten.(Cheers.)Englishre- presentativesarehelpingtogivefree- domtothenationsintowhichtheCen- tralEmpiresarebroken.(Cheers.) Irelandisstillquiveringin.thegraspof England.Yettherearethosewho wouldnotgiveIrelandevenahearing. QueenVictoriahaspronouncedon theirconductinadvance.TheirdiscriminationagainstIrelandisnot merelyinconsistent,shesays,butquite immoral.(yCheers.)Now,Mr.de Valerahasstrongerclaimstogeta hearingatthePeaceConference,but thewordsoftheirwisesovereign shouldmakeastrongappealtoloyal Englishmen.

IfthePeaceConferenceFailsIreland?

Butifallappealstoreasonfail,if PresidentWilsonbeunwillingorun- abletogetahearingforIreland,what then?Irelandcanstilldependon Godandonthestoutheartsandhands ofherownsons.(Greatcheering.)TheIrisharetheoldestandpurestnation inEurope.andGodwhohaswatched andguidedthemsolongcanstrengthentheirweakness,andgivethemjus- ticeandvictory,thoughliebetheir onlybelter.(Cheers.'flay.Ibisblessingresttii.ionallthosewhoaremakIrelawfgclaim--)cheers(-and uponallthosewhogiveitahearing. (Cheer,.,MayGOblessvonandall dive)'reloadandhopeforher future.(Tremendouscheering,wavingofflags,hats,andhandkerchiefs).

Germany'sfuturePolicy

OnDecember27,the"NeueZurcher Nachrichten,"apro-GermanCatholic paper,publishedinZurich,andreputedtobeverymuchunderHerrErzberger'sinfluence,gaveprominenceto aninterviewwiththatpolitician.In answertothequestionastowhat,in HerrErzberger'sopinion,werethe mostimportanttasksforGermanForeignPolicy.HerrErzbergersaidthat Germanymustdoallshecantobring aboutapeaceofjustice,aguarantee forwhichpeacewouldbefoundina newGermanysuchaswouldseekreconciliationwithherformerenemies. HerrErzbergerdeclaredthatGerman imperialismwasdead.andtheideaof internationaljusticehadtakenits place.Askedwhetherhebelievedin thetriumphofhisideas,HerrErzbergergaveastronglyaffirmativereply.TheprogrammeofPresidentWilsonhadbeenacceptedinitsentirety. AsforGermandomesticpolitics,Herr Erzbergercharacterisedthepresent situationasoneofexperiments.(In thewholemoderationwastheorderfit theday,andtheGermanRepublicwas beingconsolidated.TheWorkersand SoldiersCouncilswereconsidereda temporaryphenomenononly.The NationalAssemblywastobeelected on19thJanuary.anditisthrough thisbodythatGermany'sfutureconstitutionandpolicyaretobedecided. ThevastmajorityofGermanSocial Democratswouldhavenothingto withBolshevism.SofarasHerr Erzberger'swordsareconcerned,the AlliescouldwishfornomoreencouragingaccountofthepresentGerman situationandintentions.Inviewof pastexperience,however,weshall welltoreservejudgmentuntilevents haveprovedtheirworthandshownne alittlemoreclearlythetruthof(leer Erzberger'sassertions.Asoneofthe fewnon-Socialistpoliticianswhoseprestigehassurvivedthewar,andasa prominent.atpresentthemostprominentmemberoftheGermanCentre. Party,anythingHerrErzbergersays onthepresentconditionofGermanyis deservingitattention.Whetherwhat hesaysistoheborneoutbywhat heandhisfellow-countrymendoisa questionwhichweshallneedtoconsiderinthelightofeventsbeforewe answerit."CatholicNewsService,"

IrishRepublicanParty

FIRSTMEETINGOFM's.P.

2, TheImprisonedMembers.

Irishpeople;30ofourmembershave beenkeptinprisoninEnglandfora periodofeightmonthswithoutcharge ortrial,andfourothersareimprisonedinIrelandbythesentencesofEnglishcourts-martial,andtheremaining threeareexiledfromIrelandfortheir activitiesinthecauseofIrishfreedom.OnbehalfofthepeopleofIreland,whohaveselectedthemandourselvesastheirrepresentativesbyoverwhelmingmajorities,wedemandtheir release."

ImprisonedMembers. Thefollowingrepresentativesareat presentingaol:-ArthurGriffith, M.P.,EastCavanandNorth-west Tyrone;JamesLennon,M.P.,Carlow County;PaulGalligan,M.P,,West Cavan;EamonndeValera,M.P.,East ClareandEastMayo;BrianO'Higgins, M.P.,WestClare;P.O'Keefe,M.P.. NorthCork;T.MacSweeney,M.P.. Mid-Cork;TomHunter,M.P.,NortheastCork:FrankLawless,M.P.,North Dublin;JohnO'Mahony,M.P.,South Fermanagh:Dr.B.Cusack,M.P., NorthGalway;FrankFahey,M.P., SouthGalway;J.Crowley,V.S.,M.P. NorthKerry;FinianLynch,M.P.. SouthKerry:AustinStack,M.P.,West Kerry;Art.O'Connor,M.P.,South Kildare:W.T.Cosgrove,M.P.,North Kilkenny;J.N.Dolan,M.P.,Leitrim County;M.P.Colivet,M.P.,Limerick City;Dr.Hayes,M.P.,EastLimerick; Joseph;McGuinness,M.P.,Longford Co.:W.Sears.M.P.,SouthMayo:JosephMcBride,M.PWestMayo:ErnestBlythe, NorthMonaghan: SeanMacEntec,M.P.,SouthMonaghan:DesmondFitzgerald,M.P.,Pembroke;Alec.,McCabe,ALP.,South Sligo;J.J.Clancy.M.P.,NorthSligo; JosephMcGrath,M.P.,St.James' (Dublin);CountessMarkievicz, St.Patrick's(Dublin,:PierceMcCann, M.P..EastTipperary:JosephMcDose agh.M.P..NorthTipperary;L.Gillnell,M.P..Westmeath;SeanEtchingham,M.P.,EastWicklow. ThefollowingareinAmerica--DiarmuirlLynch,M.P.,S.E.Cork;Dr. McCartan,M.P.,King'sCo.;Liam Mellows,M.P..NirthMeathandEast Galway.CarsonitesCanAttend. Thequestionoftheconstitutionof theDailEireannwasnextconsidered, anditwasdecidedtoinvitetheelected membersofallIrishconstituencies, withoutdistinctionastoparty,tothe DailEireann,thedateoftheopening ofwhichwillbeannouncedlater.

Atthecloseofthemeetingitwas deredthatAldermanThomasKelly, M.P..Stephen'sGreen.andMr.H. Boland,M.P..SouthRoscommon,he instructedtoissuethisnoticetothe pressonbehalfoftheIrishRepublicanParty.

Aineetingofthemembersofthe IrishRepublicanPartywhoarefree washeldintheMansionHouse,Dublin,onJanuary7th.Thefollowing membersattended:--SeanT.°Veallaigh,M.P.,CollegeGreen;P.O'Maille,M.P.,Connemara;J.J.Walsh. M.P.,CorkCity:LiamdeRoiste,M.P., CorkCity;MichaelCollins,M.P.,South Cork;SeanHayes.M.P..WestCork: EoinMacNeill.M.P..DerryCityand NationalUniversityJosephO'Dohens-.M,P.,NorthDonegal;PeterI. Ward.M.P.,SouthDoriegal:J.Swe.eney,M.P..WestDonegalGeorge GavanDuffy,NIT.,SouthDublin; PhilipShanahan,M.P..HarbourDivision.Dublin;PiarasBeaslai,M.P.. EastKerry:Dr.Crowley.M.P.,North Kerry:D.Buckley.M.P.,NorthKildare:JamesO'Mara.M.P.,SouthKilkenny;ConCollins.M.P.,WestLimerick:J.J.O'Kelly,M.P.,LouthCo.: EamonDuggan.M.P.,SouthMeath, KevinO'Higgins,M.PQueen'sCo CountPlunkett,M.P.NorthRoscommon:Harts.Boland,M.P.,SouthRoscommon;MichaelStaines,M.P..St. Michan's,l)nblin;AldermanTom Kelly.M.P.,St.Stephen'sGreen.Dublin;J.A.Burke.131..M.P..Mid-Tipperary;R.M.Sweetman,Mil.,North Wexford:Dr.JimRyan.M.P.,South Wexford;R.C.Barton.M.P..West Wicklow. CountPlunkett.astheseniormembercalledtheassemblytoorder,and hewasthenelectedchairmanofthe meetingfortheday.AllthememberssubscribedtheirnamestotheRepublicanpledge. FirstBusiness:AProtest. Itwasdecidedtodrawupaprotestagainsttheimprisonmentoftheir fell,,w.members,andthefollowing statementwasorderedtoheissuedto thepress: "We.thememberspresentatthis meetingoftheIrishRepublicanParty. freelyelectedbythepeopletovoice thedemandofthenationforindependence,beingassembledtogetherinthe MansionHouse.Dublin,forthepurposeofconvokingaDailorConstituentAssemblyofIrishelectedrepre sentatives,herebycalltheattentionof thefreepeoplesoftheworldtothe factthat37ofourmembersareatpr, sentimprisonedinEnglishgaolsin IrelandandEngland,orexiled mum theircountrybyEngland,andtherebydebarredfromexercisingtheirdutiesaselectedrepresentativesofthe

Bitso'Humour

PrivateNelsongothisleave,and madewhatheconceivedtobethebest useofhisholidaybygettingmarried. Onthejourneybacktothestationhe gavethegatemanhismarriagecertificateinmistakeforhisreturnrailway ticket.Theofficialstudieditcarefully.andthensaid:"Yes,myboy. you'vegotaticketforalongjourney. butnotonthisroad.-

* Thephysicianwassolicitinginformationfromthepatient'swife."Doeshe grindhisteethinhissleep?"heasked. -Oh,no!"saidthewife."Hedon't wear'emtobed."

Visitor(tosextondigginggravein churchyard):"Who'sdead?"Sexton: "OldSquireThornback."Visitor: "Whatcomplaint?"Sexton(without lookingup,:"Nocomplaint:everybodysatisfied."

He:"Wisemenhesitate;nonebut foolswillsaytheyarecertain."She: "Areyousureofthat?"He:"Yes, perfectlycertain."Andthenhewonderedwhyshelaughed.

Mother:"Well,MasterJimhasn't gonetotheFrontafterall."Cook: "Oh,poorMasterJim!And'e'sso fondofaday'sshootin."

e WhenKaiserBillwasKingtheGermansoldierdidexactlywhathewas told,andnumore.Anofficerwas drillingrecruits,andhadjustgiven themtheorder"Quickmarch!"when henoticedhissweetheartcomingacross thebarrack-square.Forgettingall abouttherecruits,heenteredintoconversationwiththegirl,andwentoff withher.Sixdayslaterthesame officerwaswalkingdownthemain streetofthesametownwhenhesaw sometatteredandtiredsoldiersapproachinghim.Oneofthesoldiers. recognisingtheofficer.wentuptohint, and,saluting,said:"Please.sir.what aboutahalt

*

-Areyouamanwho watcestheclock?"Applicant:"No. sir:fwatchthestenographer. As soonasshebeginspowderinghernose Iputupthebooks."

e People,PlacesandThings

THELITTLEHOUSES.

Wehavebuildedmanythings,fash ionedmanywonders, Scytheandploughandsaddletree andhunting-knifeandspear; Wehavewroughtforbeautyandfor gloryandforpleasure, Andhavebuildedlittlehousesfor thewomenwelovedear.

All,alongthehighwaystherearelittle houses, Pleasantinthesunlight,peacefulin therain: Youmayseethefolkgoforthearlyin themorning, Andatduskreturninghomealong thelane.

.WehavefashionedZeppelinsand bayonetsandcannon, Launchedourdreadnoughtsonthe sea,aterrortothedeep; YetbeGodourwitness,wehavealso buildedhousesLittlepeacefulhouseswherethelittlechildrensleep.

Somearesetingardens,lawnsand treesaboutthem, Somearecrowded,walltowall,along thecitystreet; outintownandcountryGodhas blessedthelittlehouses Withthelaughingeyesofwomen andwithchildren'srompingfeet.

,Wehavemouldedforourselvestelegraphsandtunnels, Buildingbridgeandbarrack-mom. derrick,dockandgun; Butforloveofwomenwehavebuilded littlehouses, Pleasantintheshadowsandpeaceful inthesun. Allthewideworldovertherearelittle houses, Silentinthestarlight,shininginthe dew; Therewithchildren'slaughterandthe lovingheartsofwomen, God,themightyBuilder,buildsthe worldanew. -VictorStarbuck.

,Notlongagoacauseofinterestto Catholicsgenerallywasdecidedinthe MadrasLawCourts.SaysourIndiancontemporary,the"CatholicHerald":"Everynowandthenignorant orperverseCatholicsdragtheirministerstotheCourtclaimingunorthodoxrightsoverChurchownershipor Churchproperty.Thelatestinstance hasagainresultedinasuccessfulissue forthelawoftheChurch.Recently acasewasinstitutedbytheCatholics ofPullampattioftheTrichinopoly dioceseinwhichtheyclaimedthe Churchastheirownproperty,built andendowedbythemandtheirforefathers.Theysetuptherightof usageagainsttheenactmentsofCanon Law.Thedefendantspleadedthat theyhadtherightofmanagingthe localChurchaseveryChurchisunder thecontrolofthePopeandhisde puty,andthatthejurisdictionofCatholicpriestscannotbechallenged withoutrenouncingCatholicism.The courtdecidedthattheChurchwasnot privateproperty,andthatby('at Law,whichtheplaintiffswerebound tofollow,thejurisdictionofthePope andhisdeputiescannotbeexcluded.

ThefactthatMadraswillsoonhave afirstgradeCatholicCollegehas shockedthathighlyprogressive mouth-pieceofMrs.Besant."New India,"whichsooftenandsosweetly discoursesonliberty.equality.andfrie ternity.forgotthesefundamental rights,whenitwrotethefollowing paragraph:"Ibexsuchinstitutions tiave.asarule,workeddisastrously forthespiritualandnationalgrowth ofouryoungmenisanexperienceonlytoopainfullyknowntousall.The latestproofofthiscanbemadeout fromthespeechesofsomeprofessorsof thelocalChristiancollegeonlyquiterecently.ThedangerofaJesuitCollegeisstillgreater,becauseitsprocess ismoreinsidious.Theyoungmanis generallyalluredbysomeoftheexcellentmethodsoftheJesuits,andis. therefore,ledintoacceptingalltheir views.Asarule,theJesuitCollege

boypermanentlyretainstheimpressionsgainedintheCollege,andonly strongcounter-influencesathomeor throughgationalleaders,canprevent himfrobeingentirelylosttohis countryanditsancientheritage.""New India"isinvariablyalarmed,wheneveranewinstitutionorschool,howeverefficientorwell-equippeditmay be,isnotinauguratedunderthecontrolofpoliticalextremistsandviolent agitators.

"TheSocietiesofFrenchCatholic workmen,"says"L'Hirondelle,"ina Catholicexchange,"havesentawarm addresstotheCatholicworkersofAlsaceLorraine.Theysaythatsince 1871,thedateofthefoundationof theirsociety,theyhavewaitedforthe workersofAlsace,theirdearcompatriotsandfriends.Nowthewaris endedtheycanrestoretogetherChristianorder.ThousandsofthemembersoftheSocietyhavelefttheir homes,fields,professions,andfrom theNorthSeatotheVosgeshavedied heroicallylookingtowardsAlsace.For thosecomradesofthelostProvinces nowregainedthegreatPresidentof theSocietyAlbertdeMunsacrificed himselftothelastbeatofhispatriotic heart.ForthemtheChaplainGeneralwasdraggedcaptivebythe(lee mansandfellinaditchbythesideof theroad.Nowtogetherallthework,' ersofFrancecansingtheTeDeum, andcanresolvetogetherinthelightof CatholicismandinthesocialteachingofthePapacy,inpeaceandcharity theproblemsofthegloriousmorrow oftheWar.Togethermustthey worktorestoreFranceandtoresolve thedifficultieswhichdividethewor oflabour."

Itisnotgenerallyknown,saysarecentRomanletter,thatMgr.terretti, SecretaryoftheSacredCongregationof EcclesiasticalAffairs,whoisnowin theStatesonamissiontoCardinal Gibbons,visitedIrelandbeforeheleft forAmerica.HisvisitshowstheinteresttakenbytheVaticaninIrish affairs,forMgr.BonaeenturaCE':rratti, duringhisvisit,madehimselfacquaintedwiththepositionofthevariouspartiesinthecountryandthedivergent viewpointsofCatholicsgenerallyas regardsIreland.

Ontheoccasionofthecomingof PeaceaPontificalmedalhasbeen struck'whichbearsontheobverseside theeffigyofBenedictXV.withthe wordsBenedictusXV.P.M.Principis PacisVicariusanV.,andonthereversetheimageoftheRedeemerwith twoangelsrepresentingJusticeand Peace.

Aproesesofthedifficultieswhich loomaheadoftheChurchinsomeof thenewStateswhichwillarisefrom thePeaceConferencedeliberations,and whicherealreadybecomingapparent amongthepopulationsofthenear East,itisunderstood,saysa Catholic'exchange,thattheHoly Fatherhassentinstructionstothe BishopsoftheEasttorecommend theirClergytotakenopartinpolitical affairsinthenewStatesestablished atthePeaceConference.Theposition oftheChurchwillhavetoberegulatedinallthesecountries,andagreat workliesbeforetheChancelloryofthe Vatican.Alreadyaconcordatwith Roumaniaisunderdiscussion.

WithregardtotheproposaltosuppressgindistilleriesduringtheFrench War,Burkesaid:"Underthepressure ofthecaresandsorrowsofourmortal condition,menhaveatalltimes,andin allcountries,calledinsomephysical aidtotheirmoralconsolations-wine. beer,opium,brandy,ortobacco. I consider,therefore,thestoppingofthe distillery,economically,financially. commercially,medicinally,and,in somedegree,morallytoo,asameasure ratherwellmeantthanwellconsidered. Itistoopreciousasacrificetoprejudice."WhatwouldhaveBurke saidto,theratificationbymorethan

three-quartersoftheStates,inAmerica oftheTotalProhibitionofLiquorBill? Nonationhaseverattemptedsucha self-imposedactofabstinence,and.as wastobeexpected,ithasmadeaprofoundimpressionondemocraticEnglish-speakingpeoples.True,therearc manywholaughattheAmericanordinanceastheactofcranks,butit cannotbedoubtedthatpublicopinion throughouttheworldischangingrapidlyagainsttheunlimiteduseofdnnk. TheAmericanpeoplehavemadeadcliberatechoicebetweensobrietyanda minimumrevenueof£200,000,000.Employers,militarycommandersandlead. ersoflabourhavealljoinedinthecrusadeagainstthesaloon.Theeffectsof theBillisthat,afterJanuary16th. 1920,itwillbeillegalintheUnited Statestomanufacture,import,export, sell,orconsumeliqnor"forbeverage purposes."'Thisisnotall.Inorder toensurethesuccessofthereform, aBillhasbeenpreparedtoprovide adequatepolicemeasures.TheBill providesfortherightofthepoliceto searchprivatedwellingsforalcoholic liquors,makestheconsumptionofintoxicatingdrinksastatutoryoffence, andrendersprivateindividualswho keepcellarsliabletoconfiscationof theirstoresofdrink.Itisexpel. thatpermanentprohibitionwillcome intoforceevenbeforethedatementionedabove,forafterJune30th.of thisyear,thetemporarywarmeasure forbiddingthesaleofwine,spirits,and beer,willbeinoperation."ADry America"willbeanobjectlessonofintenseinterest. ft

Says"Pilgrim,"anEnglishcorrespondent,inoneofourexchanges: "Onecannothelpbeingtouchedin dayslikethesewhenweallmourntogether,bythewantofconsolation whichProtestantsexperienceandthe blindgropingafterthatbirthrightof consolationinafflictionwhichtheGermanbredReformersdeprivedourpeopleofattheReformation.Yesterdayinthedismaltwilightofableak sleetingafternoon,agreatcrowdof motorcarsandcarriageswereassembledroundSt.Paul'sCathedral,which wasfilledbyamiscellaneousassemblageofrichandpoorwhocameto mournthedeadoftheBrigadeof Guards,theFloweroftheBritish Army.TheKingandQueenwere therethemselvesfilledwiththeirown personalgriefandbearingthegriefof theirpeoplealso.Itwasanotable eventfrommoreviewpointsthanone. There,inthecoldheartofAnglicanism, inafanewhichhasneverbeenquickenedbythepresenceoftheBlessed Sacrament,likethedearAbbey,was admittedthatlongingofthehuman heart,by"aMemorialserviceforthe Dead."Timewas,notsolongago, whenprayersforthedeadwereanathemabecausetheywereRumish,but strainingeyes,lookingacrossempty seastodistantbattlefields,havefound awiderhorizon.Therewasdeep pathosfortheCatholicinthesadassemblageandalungingtocomfort thesemournersofthegreatandnoble deadwiththefaithwhichistheone truemilestoneontheroadoflife,a milestonewhichshinesinthefogof doubtanduncertainty,whichglimmersbeckoninglyeventhroughthe rainoftears,whichassurestheweary ofrest,iftheypersevere.whichmarks theWaytoTruthandLife.\\'eshould helpthosewhoaregropingforitwith ourprayers.Anothersignoftheir searchwasthelecturegivenatSion CollegebyDr.Barneson"Prayersfor theDeadhistoricallyconsideredinthe firstfourcenturies,"whentherewasa largeaudience."

AtameetingoftheImperialLegislatureCouncilofIndia,SirSankaran Nair,replyingtoquestions,statedthat duringtherecentinfluenzaepidemic thenumberofdeathsinBritishIndia approximatedfivemillions.Hepointedoutthattheterriblecalamitywas onewhichnoGovernmentcould.have copedwith.Thefrightfulmortality inIndiawasdueinarttotheextraordinaryliabilityofIndianstoattacks ofpneumoniaandthefataleffectsof theseattacksinruralareas.

AnAnglicanchaplainatSalonika, writinghometoEngland,makesan admissionthatcarriesaheart-breaking lesson."Theministrationofthe ChurchofEnglandpadretohisdying menisthesaddestandmostpathetic experiencepossible.Theremustbe someradicalchaliceiftheChurchof Englandistolag'holdofthesesouls. ThereisnoplaceforProtestantism oranythingotherthantheCatholic faith."Itispatheticenoughtohave toconfessthatone'sowninstitutionis butaparalysedarminministeringto thesickanddying,butthereisno sympathyforthepoorAnglicanchapplaininattemptingtodeludehimself thatheisatonceaCatholicanda priest?FromCatholicchaplainsthere isnosimilarplaint.On,everyside thereiswonderattheco-operationof themen,theiranxietyforthepriest, andtheirsoleconcernaboveevery bodilypainforthecomfortsoftheir religion.MusttheEnglishTommybe endowedwiththatsenseofthings thatindicatestohimthathewantsthe substanceandnottheshadow?What canhemakeoutofit,whenhewillbe toldbyonechaplainthathemustgo tocdnfession,andbyanotherofthe samecommunionthathemustnot botheraboutsuchaRomansuperstition?Whatcanthesimplesoldier makeoutofonetellinghimthathe reallyreceivestheBodyandSoulof ChristintheSacramentandby anotherthathehasnofixedbeliefin thisgravematter?Whatcanhemake outofitwhentheChaplainGeneralis abroadchurchman,andhisownchaplainaveryhighchurchman?These nicetiesofbeliefconfusehim,andhe rejectsitall.ThetragedyoftheAnglicanchurchwasnevermade.more manifestthaninthepresentcrisis."NewWorld."

EnthronementoftheSacredHeartis theFamily.PicturesandformsofCon serrationfromid.upto216.Ordo's for1919.OrderstakenforMr.Cyril Bryan'sbook,"ArchbishopMani'." SHINE'SCATHOLICBOOKDE.

!Approved

HibernianAustralasianCatholicBenefitSociety.

SportsandPastimes

(By"Wattle.") FOOTBALL

Conti:ugfromIntweekOnthe earlyhistoryofthegame,Ihavedone somemoredelvingintotheannalsof thepast.Thewriter,evidentlya playerhimself,talksof"tackling."lie explainsthemodeofattackanegoes ontosay."Sobythismeanssometimestheirnecksarebroken,sometimestheir'backs,sometimestheir legs,sometimestheirarms,sometime, theirnosesgushoutwithblood. sometimestheireyesstartoutand sometimeshurtinoneplace,sometimesinanother."Verilyastrenuousgameinthosetimes.Thoseclubs startingmedicalfundsforthebenefit ofinjuredplayersnodoubtaredolly gratefulthatsuchcasualtiesarethings ofthepast.Evenourprince.Ivo Crapp,wouldhavehishandsfullcontrollingsuchgames. Thegentleartof"sandwiching"was notunknowninthosefaroffdays,for thehistorianaversthatthoselucky enoughtododgethecasualtieslisted abovedidnotgoscotfree,for"they (theplayers'havethesleighttomeet onebetwixttwo(ourmodern"sandwich")todashhimtotheearthwith theirelbows,tobutthimunderthe shortribwiththegrippedfists,and withtheirkneestocatchhimonthe Othercriticsspeakfairlywellofthe game.Thusonewriter:''Theplayis verilieboth,rudeandrouge.,yetsuch asitnotdestituteofpoliciesinsome sortsresemblingthefeatsofwar. I cannotwellresolvewhetherIshould themorerecommendthegameforits manhoodandexerciseorcondemnit fortheboisterousnessandharmitbegetteth."

Inowgive.alittleofwhatI premisedasregardsthechampionsof otherdays.Thearticlefollowingis byan"OldTimer,-andwrittenacote pleofyearsagoforanEastern:A change.Nodoubtfollowersofthe gameattheperiodmentionedwill havememoriesrevived,andwiththe hopethatallreaderswillfindthem interestingthearticleispublished:-Victoria'sBestFootballers.

GreatPlayersoftheLastTwenty Years.

Continuallychangingconditions,tee provedenvironment,themarkedeffect tothemorerigidandscientifictrainingmethodsnowinvogue,ascomparedwithbygonedays,makesthetask ofchoosingthebest12footballersduringthepasttwentyyearsanextremelywideanddifficultmatter. Inthelastdecadethegamehas speededuptremendously.Theabolitionofkickingoffaftergoalandof littlemarks.andtheinnovationof throwinginoftheboundaryumpires, havemadeforincreasedpaceand ceaselessmovement.Animportant considerationtobeweighedisthefield positionefeachmanForexampleis itfairtocomparearover,withhis absolutefreedomofactionandevery advantagetendingtothatspectacular effectsowinningtothepubliceee. withchampiongoal-kickerslikeAlbert Thurgood,andDickLee.whoseevery movementisshadowedandhampered byopposingbacksinthecloseworkin frontofgoal?

iiiesweedhasalwaysbeenblessedwith wonderfulcentres,andnonebetter thanoldBillyStrickland.oneofthe grandestfootballerswhoeve!pulled offashirt.

Andspeakingofcentres,who,nowadaysarereallymidfieldrovers,few haveequalledW.Windley(SouthMelbourne)andJackConway(Geelong). ofthenineties,andLalMcLennan,who sobrilliantlyemergedfromfootball theotherdaytohelpwinFitzroy's premiership.

McGinis,PeterBurns.Trotter,Condon,DukeMcKenzie,Cumberland, HenryYoung.andMickGracewere firt-waterplayers,andthoroughly meritanyposition,however.honourable,thatmaybegiventheminthe scrolloffootballfame,butitisdifficult' tooverlookthedeedsofDinnieMcKay, HarryPurdy,MickPleass,andA. Franks,ofSouthMelbourne;"Boxer" Milne,TomBanks,TeddyMelling,and BillCleary.ofFitzroy:"Charger"Hailwood,ofCollingwood:"Dolly"Christie,MoodlieFry,andWardill,ofMelbourne:Lang,ofCarlton;Joe McShane,ofCarltonandGeelong;and TeddyRankin,who,startingwithGeelongin1891,wasstillinrepresentative Stateteamselevenyearsafterwards, andplayedforthreeormoreseasons. AndwhataboutBertHowson,of SouthMelbourne,andCharlesPennant,ofCollingwood,whosewingplay wasofthehighestpossiblequality."

Someoftheplayersmeneionedabove haveplayedinW.A.ToVictorians theaboveshouldbeespeciallyinteresting,andtheirviewsontheselected twelvebestwouldbewelcome.

Briefiets.

TheWestPerth-Sublao..scratch matchproducedareallypassabledisplayfortheinitialeffortcftheseason.Bothsideswereouttotrynew bleed.andsomegoodtalentshowed up.

Nothinghasbeenmadeenewnisto umpires.I,eteshopethatCrappwill besco'''red.Withhisservicesatte, disposaloftheLeague.thepublic wouldcomealongtothematchesin innreasednumbers.

To-dayatPerthOvalthetwoEasts willmeet.

Duringtheintervalofthecricket matchbetweentheC.Y.M.S.andAustealsonSaturdrylast,PaddyRachael. whileindulginginagameoffootball, hadthemisfortunetosprainhisankle. Paddy.besidesbeingoneofthebest cricketersplayingintheMattingAssociation,isoneofEastPerth'smost prominentfootballers.Theaccident wasapainfulone,andPaddywascontinedtohisroomduringtheweek-end. Anearlyrecoveryistheearnestwish elhisnumerousfriends.

"Nell"Austinwillonceagaindo battleforhisoldlove.Theenthusiastic"Nell"tookuptheEnglishgame whenin"Blighty,"andmadequitea successofit,butsaysthegameofhis nativelandiseasilyfirstfavourite.

Hoft,whoplayedsobrilliantlyIce theredlegsduringtheclosingstages 'ofthe1915season,isback,andwas seenout.havingarunwithhisold club.Saysheisasgoodasever.

AplayerwhoisbeingmucediscussedatpresentisHilton,whewasone ofWest'smortbrilliantdefenders fourorfiveseasonsback.Hishigh markingwillberememberedbyall whofollowedthegame.Hehasnot signedupwithanyclubyet.

TheBendigoplayerwhohasraised thequestiongivesthefollowingashis choice:MeGinis."Thurgoed.Trotter. Condon."Dukie"McKenzie.OH:Lee. PeterBurns.MickGrace,Cumberland. McGrew's.HenryYoungand'leebridge.Thelistindicatesanline mateknowledgeofthesubject,ana playerismentionedwhosefitnessto standinanyfootballcompanyatany periodorthegamecouldbequestioned. WiththeexceptionofThurgood.Lee. andMcGregor,allplayedinand aroundtheruck.Thereisnoreason whyplacedmenshouldnotbeincluded:but,havingdoneso.onewonders whyourcorrespondenthasomitted HughieGavan.ofEssendon,themost accomplishedhalf-backthegamehas everknown.tosaynothingofthose othergrandbacks.Monoghan.ofCol lingwood:JimSharpandPalHickey. ofFitzroyMarmo,ofGeelong.and Hogan,ofSt.Kilda. While'exceptioncannotbetakento thehighpositionaccordedtothegenial giant.Buebridge,oneventuresto.afe sertteatfewEssendonsupporterswill admitthateventhegifted"Buzzv" was.1ereaterplayerfortheredare. blacksthan**Tracker"Forbes.the lateColinCampbell,orGeorgeVelum). ofyeareago:orAlanBelcherand ErnieCameron,whowerecoleempories4.1thegreatHusbridge. Althoughacknowledgingtoteetee thecoesistencyandbeautyofMcGee gor'spieeonnance,onefeelsthatether, havingatleastanequalrighttocon. sideratemareelcHeleandFreddy LeaehofCellineweeeLeachweea whirlwindplayer :et..rdagain wae fouge isee eare.e e

Itissaidthat"Dago"Carlsonleaves

OldEastsforYoungEasts. OutridgegoestoSubiacoandClaytontoPerth.

Phi!Matsonwillnotstepthisseason;hewilldohisbitforhisclubfrom behindthepickets.

"Freddy"Watts,abrotherofGordon,hassignedonforPerthHewill berememberedasanattylittleplayer forMidlandinpreviousdays.

"Bob"Hutchinsonhassomething prettygoodfromtheEast.Thegenial presidentofthecityclubaversthat hewillbuildtheclubuptoitsformer greatn&ss. Subiacolooksforwardtothecoming seasonwithquietconfidenceNew playersgalorehavebeenenrolled.It remainstoseewhetherthey;tanlive uptotheirreputations

FORADINKUMCUPOFTEAAND GRILL, Or1I!GII-CLASSCONFECTIONERY, Tri-the EXCELSIORTEAROOMS.

seTOMLIN,Proprietor

GLANVILLE'SLEMONHEADACHE POWDERS.

TheGreatAustralianRemedyfor InstantReliefandSpeedyCureofall HeadachesNeuralgia,Toothache,and Influenza,Rheumatism,Sciatica,Lumbago,etc..etc.Price.1.4Od.perbox, )rIdeachpowder. (teeteeTILLPef.P5,Tel197o RATMET-STREET,FREMANTLE

SenatorMillen'sPromisedLand

ALSOSOMERETURNEDSOLDIERS'QUESTIONS.

(ByJohnKnox.)

TheCommonwealthGovernmentmanysoldiersinthedaysofSenator whichhasputupsuchawondrousre-Millen,astherewerewidowsinthe cordofunexampledbunglinganddaysofElias,butasfaraswecansee, peerlessconfusionbymis-managingheisnotsenttothereturnedsoldiers tothenth.degreeeverythingwhichitswhoneed"brushingup"inW.A.It inepthandshastouchedsofar,has,looksdangerouslylikeasthoughthe itseems,onebrightspotinitsgen-professionofchimney-sweepingwillbe theonly"brushingup"thatwill materialise,outoftheUtopianmarvels forecasted,bytheoneandonlywinthe-warGovernment,forthereisonly onewin-the-warGovernment,andMil. lenisitsprophet.WhentheSenatorfacedW.A.asa"blindleaderofthe blind,"heexcelledhimself.Inthis role,withmuchwonderexhibitedby theMinisterandelicitedfromhislisteners,weweretoldofhowtheGovernmentwhichdideverythingwrong whendaylightwasconcerned,suchas buildingtensofthousandsofpounds worthofinternmentcampsforprisonerswhowereneverinthecountry,and charteringashipforPiercesandtheir cattogotoLondontownlikenewer \Vhittingtons,andleavingreturned soldiersontheBoonah-andallthat-wasquitecapablewhentheworkhad tobedonewithanadditionaldisabilityofdarkness.TheCommonwealth Governmentstepsdown,takesthe blindsoldiersbythehand,andteaches himFrenchpolishingandpoultryfarming.OutinSubiacosoldierswho couldsee,sawnothinginpoultryfarming,andeverytrainthatgoesto Fremantlepassesthemonumentofthe elaborateroosterpaintedonthegate. thegraveyardofthepoultry-farming ofreturnedsoldiersinWA.,whocould see.ButtheSenatorisquitecoat; dentthatblindsoldierswillsucceed wheretheirlesshandicappedfellows failed.Anyhow,whereareourW.A. Federalpoultryfarms?.asksthepracticalreturnedW.A.soldier.The housingschemewhichgivesa"moated grange"-orsomething-toanyonewho wantsit,at5percent.,sothathe mightownitin37years,isthelast thinginexcellenceinthelittleprovidencesodelightfullyfittedupbythe brightbrainofSenatorMillen.Canada,NewZealand,andGreatBritain lookoninwonder,and,ofcourse,all eithercountrieswillcomeandlookover thefencebeforelong,andtearpages outofthegreatRepatriationbookof theCommonwealthGovernment.The schemedoesnotpromiseacanary, neitherdoesitgrantacat,butthese aredetailsthatmightbeaddedany day.Meanwhile,letusalljoininto helptheschemeto"cometrue,"particularlybyhelpingthe"UglyMen" andallextra-FederalGovernmental agenciesthattakeontheburdenof thereturnedsoldier,for,sofar,these privateschemesaretheonlyonesgivingresults,andthePromisedLandof thewin-the-warcrowdisthemost nebulousthing"everreadofinbooks ordreamedofindreams."

St.Patrick'sDayCelebrations

1919

era)desolation,oneounceofsweetin itspoundofbitter-thedepartment underthemanagementofSenator Millen,theMinisterforRepatriation. SenatorMillenisjustthemanforhis position,verycapable,andoptimistic beyondallmannerofexpression.Such istheoptimismofSenatorMillenthat hesawnothingbutencouragementin thetreatmentwhichhereceivedatthe babelmeetinginPerth,whereitwas impossibleforthechairmantointroducehim,becauseofthehostility manifestedbyincessanthootingande.-personalremarks.SenatorMillen foundeverybodyinW.A.anxiousto help.Now,heisright.Thereare nonesoanxioustohelpasthedisappointedreturnedsoldierswhokeptup .afireofcausticcommentsduringthe timeoftheSenator'saddressatHis Majesty'sTheatre.Thosereturned soldiersareanxioustohelpthemselves,andtheirhostilitytoSenatorMillenwasdisplayedasamarkoftheir mistrustofwhattheWin-the-War Governmentwilldoforthem,judged byitsinactionsofarasregardsW.A. TherainbowprogrammewhichSenatorMillenunfoldedasthemasterpiece .ofsolicitudebywhichthewin-the-warriorsaregoingtomakeanewheaven andanewearthforreturnedsoldiers, andsetthewholebusinessupinAustralia,readslikeabeautifulfairytale, andrecallsthedaysofthegolden prime"ofgoodHarounAlraschid."Accordingtothemarvellousscheme whichthegreatSenatorletlooseon thewonderingWestaweekago,noreturnedsoldierwilleverseeapoorday again,andneitherthesoldiernorany ofhisdependentsneedeverstoopso lowastocallaqueenhisaunt.But beforetheindependentreturnedsoldierthusscoutsroyalty,hehadbetter lookaround,asheisdoing,andsee whereareallthese"castlesintheair" createdbythe"Hey!presto"ofthe solicitousCommonwealthGovernment. WeweretoldofhostelsinSydneyand inBrighton.Onelookingdownon thebluewatersofSydneyHarbour, fleecycloudsfloatingswan-likeinthe airaboveit,blackbirdssingingonits backgate,andbuttercupsanddaisies growinglikemadonitsgrassylawns, andsoon,butbeautifulasisthatpicture,thepracticalW.A.returnedso:. diercannotbutask,"Where'sour \\A.hostelanditsblackbirdsand things?"andechoanswers,"and things."Weweretoldofthemarvellousactivityofthewin-the-war Governmentinstrewingthelandwith technicalschoolstoteachnewtrades tomenunabletoplytheiroldavocation.Vocationaltrainingandthe blessedword"Mesopotamia"maybe verycomfortingverbositiestoold womenoftheStrengthofEmpire brand,butthepracticalW.A.returned soldierwantstoknow."Where'sour technicalschools?"Weweretold that,tomeetthecaseofmenwhohad lostalittleoftheiroldfire,anddash, andverve,inthemanipulationoftheir lathesortools,orwhateverimplements theywereusingto''getrichquick" withbeforethewar,theprovidential CommonwealthGivernmentsaysto thesemen,"Cometous,andwewill giveyouabrushingupcourse.Now, as"therebelandsharksandwatershowedamostcreditablestateof sharks,"soalso,therebe"seagullsandaffairs,andthenetprofitof£27314s othergulls,"althoughthelatelament-9dconstitutedarecordoverpastfuncedMr.Shakespeareomittedtomentionbons.Eulogisticcommentsweremade thefact,andmanygullsweremovedonthoseresponsibleforthecarrying totearswhenthistouchingmanifesta-outofthedemonstration,andtheaptionoftheuncle-likesolicitudeofthepreciationamplyrepaidthearduous meltingkindnessoftheCommonwealthtimesthathadbeenpassedthrough. Government,whichonceshowedits Votesofthankswererecordedtothe greatnessbyrepealingthe"Daylightsecretaries,thedrillinstructors(Messrs. SavingAct,"anditsearnestnessbyEmmottandWells).andtoMessrs. chasing"will-o-the-wispsallovertheMinihanandFarley(secretaryofthe swampsoftheEast,andyelling,W.A.CricketAssociation),andtothe "We'vecaughtanI.W.W.,andalsoamanyworkerswhostrovetomakethe ShineFaneRepublicanPlot,"nowdaysuchanunqualifiedsuccess. showsthattheheartofstonehasbeen Thethanksofthecommitteewere removedoutofitsfleshandthatitalsoaccordedtoMr.W.Gumblettee hasbeengivenaheartofflesh,and(secretaryoftheCelticClub),whose thatheartisthrobbingtodogoodtoeffortsinconductirgtheboothresultthedisabledsoldierandinspiresittoedinstunmagnificentresults. cry,"Cometousandwewillgiveyou Attheterminationofthemeeteig abrushingupcourse."Butthoughthosepresentextendedtotheirwee thegullshavebeengulledisgulling,thychairman(MonsignorVerling) accordingtotheirgift,thepracticaltheirheartiestthanksforhisuntiring W.A.returnedsoldierlooksbeforeandzealduringthecelebrations,andfor after,andasks."Wherethe---willItheexcellentmannerinwhichhe gotogetthisbrushingupcourse?"conductedthemanymeetings. Now,supposePrivateJ.Z.Fitz- Thecommittee.beforeleaving.reDeodlehaslostalittleofhis"punch,"questedthesecretariestocallameet. andheresides,say,inNortham.andingofthemetropolitanIrishandCahesaystohimself,"It'sclear.Iamnottholicsocieties,theparishpriests.and asIwas.butIknowwhatI'lldo.Illarepresentativefromeachparish,for ariseandI'llgoto'us'andsaygiveTuesday,April24th,inordertocontoeabrushingupcourse."Whereineidersomemeansoffittinglycelebrattheworld.ortobeinurepractical.ingthefightofMr.WalterDwyer. whereinWesternAustralia,willwhenheendeavouredtovindicateour PrivateFitzdoodle Therearerightsascitizensinthecommunity,

etc.

McCarthy,£10:Mr.T.

Molloy,£33s;Mr.E.Harrold,£22s;LoretoConvent,Osborne,£22s;Mr.\V. Dwyer,£1Is;BrennanBros., ls; Mr.M.Duraelf,10s:W.andB..10s; T.M.,5s;Mr.T.Walsh,VictoriaPark, 5s;Mr.T.F.Whitely,5s;Mr.J.Crogan5s;Mr.T.O'Brien,2s. TheCommitteeespeciallythankMr. 1.A.Barry,hotelbroker,forgivingthe useofhisplantforthebaronthe grounds,andalsoMessrs.T.Carrick, Jas.Lynch,A.Boylan.Dolan,Dacus. andP.Fitzgibbon,forthegenerousassistancegiveninthebar.

Prohibition

ThefinalmeetingoftheabovecommitteewasheldintheParochialHall onTuesdayeveninglast.whenthe President(VeryRev.MonsignorVerling,N..G.)presidedoverarepresentativeattendance.Themainbusiness wasthediscussionandadoptionof thebalancesheet,submittedbythe secretaries.Thefinancialstatement andtoresisttheoutbreakofbigotry andintoleranceonthepartofthe council.EveryIrishmanshouldbe presentatthismeeting. Owingtothelengthofthebalance sheet,asummarisedoneissubmitted forpublicinformation:Receipts.

Wehavealreadycalledattentionto thefact,saystheN.Z."Tablet,"that Prohibitionistsareverypronetoclaim advocatesofTotalAbstinenceastheir supporters,andwehavemadeitclear, byabstractsfromArchbishop,Ireland's addresses,howfartheyarewrong. TemperanceisaChristianvirtue; TotalAbstinenceisitsheroicdegree. ButthereisneithermeritinTernperanceorheroisminTotalAbstinenceifthelibertyofthemanwho practicesthemistakenaway.The manwhorefusestotouchalcoholic liquorfromamotiveofTemperanceis tobeadmired;themanwhodoesnot touchitbecauseheispreventedby thelawofthecountryisnomoredeservingofadmirationthanthehabitualcriminalwhoiskeptfromthe publichousebyprisonbars.Wehere givearesumeoftheCatholicviews onthequestion,andforfullerinformation,wereferourreaderstoFather Keating'spamphlet,publishedbythe LondonCatholicTruthSociety.

MoralAspect.-Christianityenjoins moderationintheuseofintoxicating liquorunderpainofsinofgluttony. andencouragesTotalAbstinenceasa specialapplicationofthegeneralasceticprinicple-Denythyself.

Asthemoderateuseofstrongdrink islawful,sothemoderationandsale ofitforuseinmoderationarealso lawful.Whatamountcanbeconsideredmoderatemustbedetermined fortheindividualbyvariouscircumstances.

Dangers.-Allhistoryshowsthatthe habitofdrinkingtoexcessisone

whichcanbecontractedwithcomparativeease,inspiteofthemanifold evilsitbringsinitstrain,becausethe consumptionofintoxicantshasalways beenafeatureofconvivialmeetings, andisaconventionalsignofhospital- ityandgoodwill.Itisstilldisputed amongmedicalmenwhetheralcohol inmoderationisinjurioustohealth, butallagreethatmoderationisfrequentlyexceeded,totheharmofthe individualandtheState.

RemediesandSafeguards.-TheState attemptstocheckthesocialevilsattendantonthispracticebyrestrictive legislationtendingtomakeintoxicantsdearerandlessaccessible.The difficultieswhichconfrontit-i.e.,how toprotecttheweakwithoutinjuring thosewhodonotneedprotection,how tocontrolthemonopolyitslicenses create,andhowtofindanequivalent fortherevenuewhichtheprevalence ofdrinkingbringsin,willalwaysrenderitseffortsineffective,unlesssup- portedbyconscience.Thepublic conscienceisformedbytheconsciencesofindividuals,andsoitisultimatelyinvoluntaryeffortthattheremedylies.TheChurchinherTemperanceAssociationsorganisesthatvoluntaryeffortonsoundlines,viz.,byput- tingforwardthemostpowerfuland permanentmotives,drawnfromreligion,forthepracticeofTotalAbstinence,aswellasbycondemningtheerrorswhichinspheresoutsideitsinfluenceareapttovitiatethatpractice.

Errors.-(a)Tosaythatalcoholis intrinsicallyevil,whichisManichaeism.

'biToinsistonTotalAbstinenceas anecessarymarkofagoodChristian, thusviolatingChristianliberty.

(c)Tocondemnthedrinktrafficbecauseofitsabusesasinherently wrong.

(d)Toputonthesamelevelthe abuseofstrongdrink,whichinjuresthe communityaswellastheindividual, andtheuseoftobacco,theeffectsof whicharelessharmfulandmerelyper- sonal.

(e)Tolookonmoderationas"the goldenmean"betweentheviciousextremesofdrunkennessandTotalAbstinence.

Therefore,summingpp,letussay thatCatholicsoughttoadvocateTemperanceorevenTotalAbstinence;but theyoughttohavenothingtodowith theProhibitionmovement.Theycannotsupportit,asalargebodybehind thatmovementareanxioustomake italeverforattackingtheChurchby makingitimpossibleforustoprocure fermentedaltarwine:theyoughtto opposeitbecauseitiscontrarytothe principlesofrightreasonwhichallow noundueinterferenceonthepartof theStatewithman'srightsandlibertyaslongasthereisnodangerous abuseofsuchrights.Inaword:even apartaltogetherfromthedangerto theChurchsoundprinciplesofChristionphilosophyareopposedtoProhibition.

DeathofanOldColonist

OnApril6th,atherresidence,"Elwood,"959Wellington-street,West Perth,thedeathoccurredofMrs. MaryHall,relictofthelateWilliam Hall.whopre-deceasedher22years ago.ShearrivedinWesternAustraliainthesailingship"Palestine"on August13th,1867,accompaniedbyher sister,nowMrs.Gilchrist,andhasresidedinWestPerthcontinuously sincethen.Uptillaweekbeforeher deathshe.enjoyedsplendidhealth. Shediedaholyandhappydeath,the membersofherfamilybeingather bedside.Shewasattendedinher lasthoursbytheRev.FathersMaloneyandMossandtheSistersof Mercy,St.Brigid's,andreceivedthe lastSacramentsoftheChurch.She wasinterredprivatelyatKarrakatta, theRev.FatherMossconductingthe burialservice.ThelateMrs.Hallwas bornatWoodQuay,Galway,Ireland, andwastheeldestdaughterofthe lateliarthomolewElwood,ofthatcity. TheoldladywasastaunchCatholic. andcouldrecountvividlyalltheincidentsinconnectionwiththeprogressoftheCatholicChurchinthis State.Twodaughters,Lucy(Mrs.H. J.Keenan),ofMt.Lawley,andMissC. Hall.andtwosons,Messrs.Leopold andJoseph.surviveher.-R.I.P.

SiPatrick'sDayProcession

PROSECUTIONOFMR.WALTERDWYER,LL.B. ARGUMENTBYCOUNSEL.

TheLocalCourtwascrowded againonThursday,the3rd.inst.,when Mr.A.S.Canning,P.M.,continuedthe hearingofthecaseinwhichMr.WalterDwyerwasbeingproceededagainst bythePerthCityCouncil,onacharge ofhaving,inconjunctionwithothers, passedinprocessionthroughthecity onSt.Patrick'sDay,theprocession notbeingforfuneral,military,orpolicepurposes,andtheconsentinwritingoftheTownClerknothavingbeen obtainedasrequiredbythebylaw.

Mr.H.P.Downing,instructedby Messrs.NorthmoreandHale,appeared toprosecute,andMr.R.S.Haynes, K.C.,withMr.W.H.Dunphy,conduct. edthedefence.

Mr.Haynes,who,inanswertohis Worship,intimatedthathewouldnot callevidence,proceededtodealat lengthwiththelegalaspectofthecase. liecontendedthatthemembersofthe CityCouncil,beingdelegates,could notdelegatetheirauthorityinany matterrequiringtheexerciseofdiscretion,andquotedanumberofcases insupportofthisargument.The TownClerkhad,hesaid,admittedin evidencethatthepresentmatterwas onerequiringtheexerciseofdiscretion.Applicationhadbeenmadeto theTownClerkforpermissiontohold theprocession,andthatofficial.in whomwasvestedarbitrarypower,referredthemattertothecouncil.The resolutionofthecouncilwasaimedat onesectionofthecommunityonlytheIrish.Thegivingofnoticewas properandnecessarytoenablenecessarytrafficarrangementstobemade, butthecouncilhadsaidthatthebylawwentfurther,andthattheywould onlygiveconsentwhentoldwhat,..mblemsweretobecarried.Hecontendedthebylawwasultravires,becausethecouncillorscouldnotdelegate theirauthority;andthatitwasunreasonable,becauseitinvestedinthe TownClerktherighttorefusehisMajesty'ssubjectstheuseoftheKing's highwayoutofcaprice.Thecouncilhadnottherighttoimposeconditionsregardingthecarryingofflags. etc.,andconsenthadbeenwithheldfor reasonsthatwereunjustifiable.Consenthavingbeenunreasonablywithheld,theywererelievedfromtheobligationofobtainingpermission.It wasaninsulttodemandthatcertain flagsshouldbecarriedintheprocession,becausethoseflagshadalways beencarried.ManythousandsofpeoplemarchedinprocessiononSt.Patrick'sDay,astheyhaddoneforinnumerableyears,andwouldcontinue to.despitebylaws.Mr.Dwyer.who tookpartbymarchingonly,andheld noofficialpositionwhatever,wasselectedforprosecution,presumablytoinjurehimprofessionally.He(counselshadbeenintheStatefor33years, andthiswasthefirsttimehehadseen anattemptmadetoarousereligious rancour.IthadremainedtotheCity Counciltosowtheseedsofdiscordin thecommunitybyinsultingaquarter ofthepopulation.

Mr.Haynessatdownamidapplause andstampingoffeetbytheaudience inthebackofthecourt,ademonstrationwhichinducedhisWorshipto orderthecourttobecleared,thougha momentlaterhecountermandedthe orderwiththeintimationthatifthere wasarepetitionitwouldbeenforced.

Mr.Downing,onrisingtoreply,said thathehadnointentionofdealing withtheremarkablestatementsofMr. Haynesregardingreligiousrancourand seedsofdiscord.Therealandonly issueinthecasewaswhetherthebylawwasultravires.Ifitwasultra wires,anoffencehadundoubtedlybeen committed:Thesectionunderwhich thebylawwasmadegavethecouncil theverywidestpowers,eithertoprohibitortoregulateprocessionsin streetsorpublicplaces.Heproceededtoquotelegalauthoritiestouphold hiscontentionthatabylawmadein thetermsoftheoneinquestionwas notultrawires.Opposingcounselhad askedhisWorshiptorulethatthebylawwasunreasonablebecausetheSt. Patrick'sDayCommitteewishedto holdaprocessiononacertainday.and beforegrantingpermissiontheTown ClerkandCityCouncilaskedtobe suppliedwithcertaininformatiort. That,however,wasquiteforeigntothe issueHecontendedthatthebylaw wasnotultravires,eitheronaccount ofinvalidityorunreasonableness.Mr. Hayneshadarguedatlengthonthe questionofdelegationofpower,but thathadnoapplicationwhateverto thecase.Thecouncilhadnotdel, gateditspowertomakebylawsto anybodyelse,buthadmadeabylaw underanActofParliament.Thequestiontobedecidedwaswhetherthat bylawwasgoodorbad.Itwasa veryplaincase,withaveryplainand admittedbreachofthebylaw.He

wasnotaskingforamaximumfinein caseofconviction,butheaskedfora substantialpenalty,toshoweverybodythatprocessionsmustnotbeheld unlessconsentwasfirstobtained.

AfterMr.Hayneshadbrieflydealt withtheauthoritiesquotedbyMr. Downing,theMagistratereservedhis decision.

THEJUDGMENT.

Mr.A.S.Canning,P.M.,delivered hisreservedjudgmentonMonday morninglastinthecasebroughtby theCityCouncilagainstMr.Walter Dwyer.TheMagistratesaid:"This isacomplaintundertheJusticesAct, againstWalterDwyer,ofPerth,fora breachofabylawofthecomplainant councilinthatonMarch17lasthe tookpart,incompanywithothers,in aprocessionthroughthestreetsof Perth,forwhichprocessiontheconsentinwritingoftheTownClerkof Perthhadnotbeenobtained.The issuereallyisaverysimpleonetomy mind,butithasbeenarguedsostrenuouslybyMr.Haynesforthedefendant,whoputupsoskilfulasynthetic defenceonthelawheassertedapplied tothecase,thatforatimeIwavered inmyallegianceorbeliefintheaphorism'Exnihilonihilfit,'andduring hisargumentthefleetingthought passedthroughmymindthatthetrials andtribulationsofthatancientrace wereadofwhowerecalledontomake brickswithoutstrawwouldnothave overwhelmedthemtotheextentthey didifimbuedwiththesamespiritand courageofthelearnedcounselinthis case,forthedefenceofwhich,figurativelyhewasbereftnotonlyofstraw forhisbricksbutpossessedonlyaninfinitesimalquantityofclay.Iwill proceednowtodealwithMr.Haynes's groundsofdefence,alwaysassuming thathiscaseisclosedandbeyondwhat hehasalreadyputbeforemeinhisargument,hehasnothingmoretooffer. SofarasIunderstandandfollowhis argument,heseeksadismissalofthe complaintonthreegrounds,which reallycanbecondensedadealtwith undertwoheads,thefirsbeing:(1) Thebylawisultrawiresinthatthe councilisaloneenabledtomakethe bylaw,andithasnopowertodelegatesametotheTownClerk,and,ifit has,theTownClerkhasnotexercised thediscretion.Now,althoughinthe argumentbothcounseltookupmuch timeinputtingtheirviewsofthelaw beforeme,itseemstomethepointis inaverynarrowcompassandcanbe decidedeasilybybringingtobearsuch intelligenceasImayhappentoposse% inconstruingthelanguageofthesectionoftheActandthebylaw.One argumentadvancedbyMr.Haynesis thattheTownClerkhadtousehisown discretionandwaswronginlawinreferringittoacommitteeofthecouncilandthenthecouncil,andbysodoing,andbeingguidedbytheirruling orinstruction,hedidnotcomplywith thebylaw.IamafraidIcannothold withthiscontention.ItmustberememberedtheTownClerkistheservantofthecouncilwhichgovernsthe municipality,andismerelytheinstru` mentorvoiceforgivingeffecttothe council'swill.InrequiringtheconsentsignedbyhimquaTownClerkit istomymindtheonlyconceivable waythecouncilcangiveeffecttoits willandexercisethepowervestedin itofcontrollingthehighwayandregulatingthetrafficwithinitsjurisdiction. OnthisheadIamofopinionthebylawisintraviresandthereisnothing whateverinlawtoinvalidateit.The otherheadorgroundonwhichIunderstandthelearnedcounselrestshis defenceis:"Thebylaworitsattemptedadministrationinthisinstanceisunreasonable."Iaskmyself,Why?It mustberememberedtheresponsibilityforthegoodandorderlygovernmentofthecityinentrustedbythe Legislaturetotherepresentativesof theratepayers,whoconstitutetheCity Council.ThisbodyisentrustedwithinthefourcornersoftheAct,with plenarypowerswhichareexercised throughthemediumofbylawshaving theforceoflaw.Thesebylaws,havinginmindthemethodwherebythe councilisconstituted,aremadebythe communityforthecommunity,andno sectionofthecommunityisjustified inignoringtheexistinglawbecause insomeparticularinstanceitmayfeel hurtorannoyedattheactionorrequisitionsofthosechargedwithitsadministration.Thereisarightwayof goingabouttheremedyingofgrievances,orobtainingredresswherepowersarearbitrarilyorcapriciouslyexercised,butinnocaseistakingthetaw intoone'sownhandsandignoringexistingprovisions,thecoursetoadopt ortobecommended.Theorganisers oftheprocessioncertainlydidseekto complywiththebylawissofarasrequestingtheconsentoftheTownClerk

isconcerned,byapplyingtherefore with,planofrouteproposedtobetraversed,buttacitlydeclinedtocomply withtherequirementsoftheTown Clerktogiveanassuranceinwriting thattheAustralianandBritishflags wouldbecarriedattheheadofthepro. cession,andgiveparticularsoftheemblems,banners,streamers,etc.,tobe carried.AsIunderstandthevigourousdefenceofMr.Haynes,thevery requestfortheseparticularswasunreasonable,andamountedtoagross insultinthatitimpugnedtheloyaltyoftheIrishresidentsofthisState,who wereabsolutelyloyal,andalwayshad been.I,andIthinkeveryotherperantiwhohaslivedintheStateatall, wouldnotforamomentimpugnthe loyaltyofthosefortunateenoughto claimtobeIrishorofIrishdescent, butitseemstometheviewtakenof itbythoseorganisingtheprocession errsalittleonthesideofhypersensitiveness,anddeemingoffenceoffered wherenoneisintended.Intheseor anyothertimesitdoesnotdotobe tootouchy,noindividualoraggregationofindividualswantsarbitrarilyor capriciouslytooffendorgivepainto others.Toillustratemymeaning, takethecaseofamanappointeda judgeorjusticeofthepeace.Inboth casestheappointeesaremenwhoby theirlearningandintegrityhavequalifiedthemselvesfortheadvancement ofhonour.Beforetheirappointments areoperative,lookattheoaththey havetotake?"AllegiancetohisMajestyandtodojusticewithoutfear, favour,oraffectiontothepoorand rich"hastobeswornto.Theseindividualsdonotresenttheform,and regarditasaninsult,insinuatingit asareflectionontheirloyaltyorhonestyinbeingaskedtosubscribesuch anoath.Again,takethecasewhich occursmanytimesdailywhenawitnessisputintheboxandswornto tellthetruth.Heisnotheardto turnroundandregardhimselfasit suitedtherebyasreflectingonhisver acity.Ifeel,therefore,onthishe:oi thecouncilactedwithinitspowers, andIamunabletofindanythingunreasonableinthebylawortherequisitionsofthecouncilinthisinstance. Mr.Boldtellsmesincetherequisition wasmadeontheSt.Patrick'scommitteeforparticulars,thesamerequisitionhasbeenmadeonallother applicantsforpermissiontoholdprocessions.Thisdenotesconsistencyon thepartofthecouncil,andquiterefutesMr.Haynes'sallegations,for whichIcanfindnofoundationother thanhisassertionsthatthisparticular processionwasmarkedoutforinvidioustreatment.Itmaybeunfortunatethatthiswasthefirstprocessiontowhichthenewprocedureapplied,butthenagainacommencement hadtobemadewithsomeone.Iam. therefore,oftheopinion,boththebylawanditssought-foradministration werequitereasonable.ManyauthoritiesanddecisionofthePrivyCouncil, HighCourt,andChanceryAppeal Courthavebeenputbeforemeby counseloneitherside,andIhavelistenedintentlytoandperusedthem. Eachcounselsoughttodistinguishor discountthevalueoftheauthority(s., farasthiscasewasconcerned)quoted bytheother,andinferentiallyasked metoignoreit.Ihavemuchpleasureincomplyingwiththerequestof bothofthem,andhavethereforeput thecasesasideandendeavouredtodecidethiscaseonbroad,commonsense lineswithsuchhelpasImayderive frommylegaltraining."Now,having intheforegoingdigressedveryconsiderablyanddealtwiththematters raisedbyMr.Hayneswhichhaveonlytheremotestconnectionwiththecase, IwillcometotheissuewhichIhave pointedoutisquitesimple.Thedefendantisprovedtohavetakenpar inaprocessiononMarch17forwhich permissionwasrequiredunderbylaw andnotobtained.Nodenialisoffered.Thatisthecase.Ihave. therefore,toconvictandinflictapenalty.OnthequestionofpenaltyI haveinmymindthatthereisnosuggestionorevidencethatdefendantwas inanywaycontumaciousorknowinglybrokethebylawbyjoiningaprocessionforwhichpermissionwasnotobtained.Therewere,Mr.Haynessays. manythousandsintheprocession,and Ihavetoregardhiminthesamelight asanyoftheothers.Iquiterecognisethebylawmightbewordedalittlemorefelicitously,because,asit readsnow,itbehoveseverypersonto inquirebeforetakingpartinaprocession,ifthenecessarypermithasbeen obtained,eitheroftheTownClerkor thoseresponsible.Iassume,andthere isnoevidenceofferedbythecomplainanttothecontrary,thatinignorance ofthefactthattheprocessionwasunauthorised,defendanttookparttherein,andbeingofopinionthathisdoing soamountedtoabreachofthebylaw whichIhaveheldintravicesandreasonable.IfeelIcannotdootherwise thaninflicttheusualpenaltyfora breachofbylawswhereitisafirstoffenceandthereisdisclosedintheevidencenocircumstancesofaggrava-

tiononthedefendant'spart.Thedefendantwillbefined10s. Afterargument,theMagistrateallowedtheprosecutioncoststotalling£1 9s.6d.

MR.R.S.HAYNESCOMMENTS.

InTuesday's"WestAustralian"Mr. R.S.HaynescommentedinthefollowingtermsonMr.Canning'sdecision: Sir,-Ingivinghisdecision,awritten one,intheabovecaseto-day,Mr.CanningsaidthatIhadsetuptwodefeuces,

(1)"Thatthebylawisultravires. inthatthecouncilisaloneenabledto makethebylaw,andithasnopower todelegatesametotheTownClerk, andifithas,theTownClerkhasnot exercisedhisdiscretion."

(2)"Thebylaw,oritsattemptedadministration,inthisinstance,isunreasonable."

Indefenceofmyownreputation, permitmetostate,emphatically,that Ididnotsetupeitherofsuchsillydefences,whenIhadinfact,solid groundsofdefencetoreston.Itis atthisstageimmaterialtorestate them,asapparentlytheywerebeyond theMagistrate'spowerofcomprehension.Idonotthinkanyreasonable manwhoheardmewouldlaytomy chargethefollyofsettingupsillydefences.ungramaticallyexpressed.The abovedefencesarethefigmentofhis ownbrain,and,havingconjuredupin hismindimaginarydefences,heproceeds,inamasterlymanner,toannihilatethemtohisownextremesatisfaction.Havingproceededonfalse premises,hisdeductions,howeverreasonabletheymayappeartobe,are,accordingtothefirstprinciplesoflogic, necessarilyunsound.Thedecision therefore,innowaysatisfactorilydisposesoftheissuesraised.Butwhy. itmaybeasked,shouldInotadvise anappeal?Theobviousansweris thatnearlytwelvemonthswillelapse beforeIrishmenwillagainmarch throughthestreetsofthecity,anda lotofwaterwillflowunderthebridge beforethen.Thattheywillmarch again,bylawsnotwithstanding,isas certainasthatthesunwillrisetomorrow.-Yours,etc., RICHARD

Re-erectionoftheCrossonSacredHeartChurch,highgate

OnSundayafternoonlastavast multitudeassembledwithintheprecinctsoftheSacredHeartChurchto witnesstheerectionofthenewCross intheplaceoftheonedestroyedby lighteningashorttimeago.Father Crowleyandhisenergeticlieutenants hadeverythinginperfectorder,andat theappointedtimeaprocessioncomprisedofthegeneralpublic,localschool children,acolytes,andhisGracethe Archbishop,BishopGibney,Monsignor Verling,V.G.,MonsignorBourke,Very Revs.DeanKielyandB.Fagan,1.R., Revs.P.Lynch,P.Hayes,T.R. O'Grady,T.Crowley,D.B.Verlin. andG.J.Griffin,wendeditsway fromtheschoolgrounds,along Mary-streettothefrontoftheChurch door,wheretheCrossstoodreadyfor

MAGNIFICENTGATHERING.

theSaturdayinHighgate,andhewas sorryalotofpeoplehadabadSaturdayonthatoccasion.However,he feltsurethattheCrosswouldgoup freeofdebt.Hewouldnowcallupon theArchbishoptosayafewwords. HisGracesaidthatthefirstduty wastothankAlmightyGodthatthe lightningflashdidnotdomoredamage.Hewasespeciallygratefulthat theparishhadnotbeendeprivedofits energeticpastor,whohaddoneso muchintheirmidstforthegloryof Godandthesalvationofsouls.Than., God,althoughmaterialdamagehad beendone,thelivesofFatherCrowleyandhisparishionershadbeen spared.Hewassorryanoutragehad beencommitteduponthefeelingsof FatherCrowleybytheprospectofa collection;insympathisingwithhim, hehopedthatthesuccessoftherip-

theCross,butalsoofthepower exercisedintheSacramentofForgive. ness.ChristontheCrossaddressed wordsofcomfort,hope,andforgivenesstohisexecutioners,eventothe criminalwhowashangingbesideHim, sprinkledwithHisPreciousBlood thepromiseofpardon.IntheChurch overwhichtheCrossisplantedisthe sameabsolvingpowerto-day,andwill betotheendoftime.Withthe Crossisassociatedthesprinklingof thePreciousBloodoverinnumerable soulswiththesameefficacyasinthe caseofthepenitentthief,ifsinners onlyapproachwiththeproperdisposition.HisGracewasdelightedwith theimmensegatheringontheoccasion.Itwasasplendidmanifestation ofthepeople'sfaith,andatestimony tothekindlyfeelingsallthecommunityentertainedtowardsFather

erection.Forthwith,hisGraceproceededtoblessthenewCross,afunctionatwhichhewasassistedbysome oftheclergy.Attheconclusionof theblessing,FatherCrowleyaddressed thegreatconcourse.Hesaidhewas pleasedtowelcomethemall.Andalthoughhewelcomedthem,hewas sorrytheoccasionhadoccurred.He regrettedverymuchthattheChurch hadbeeninjuredbytherecentlightningstorm,butrejoicedthatthenew CrosswassospeedilyerectedThe parishionersandhimselfhadmuchto bethankfultoGodfor,inthatthey weresavedfromdeathsomiraculously. Someoftheyoungmenofthediocese wouldrejoiceinhisdeath,because Highgatewassucharichparish. (Laughter.)However,hedidnotintendtodieforalongwhileyet.

NothingwastoogoodfortheSacred HeartChurch.Itwasunfortunate thattheSundayalwaysdependedon

RAISINGTHECROSS

ATHIGHGATE.

pealwouldbeasolacetohiswounded heart.There-erectionofthecross thatafternoonawakenedintoconsciousnessthereflectionwhythey shoulderecttheCrossatall?They erectedtheCrossbecauseitwasthe emblemoftheirFaithandHopeof RedemptionandSalvation;andwhen theycametothinkofallthesacrednessattachedtotheCrosscamefrom themeaningoftheChurchitself,which wasnotonlyaplacewherepeople cametoprayandsinghymns,buta sacrededificewheretheHolySacrificeoftheMasswasofferedandOur LordcomestotakeupHisAbode. RightlytheCrossshouldtowerabove theplacewhereChristhasmadehis earthlyhabitation.Herethesame sacrificeasthatofCalvarywasofferedup.withthedifferencethatthe cruelsightsoftheCrucifixionarenot witnessed.TheCrossnotonlyremindsusoftheSacrificeof

Crowley.Itwasalmostworthwhile toseetheoldCrosscomedowntowi nessthenewonegoup.Heappealed tothecrowdalwaystoraiseuptheir heartsandmindstotheCross,and likewisetolettheiraspirationsand thoughtstoweraloft,sothatthere wouldberevivedintheirheartsthe lessonoftheCrucifixion-thatthrough crossesandtrialscrownsandgloriesof anenduringcharacterareachieved. Duringtheafternoonthechildren's choirandtheIrishPiperBandenlivenedthesurroundingswithmusic, vocalandinstrumental,ofareligious character.

Thesubscriptionlistwasagoodone, andafullaccountthereofwillappear nextweek.

TheproceedingsoftheSundayafternoonwereappropriatelyterminated withBenedictionoftheMostHoly Sacrament,atwhichhisGraceofficiated.

YoungIrelandSociety

Therewasarecordattendanceatthe meetingoftheabovesocietyonMondayeveninglast.Alltheclanswere inevidence,andallwereunited.The streamofconversationflowedwitha merryrippleuntilthepresidentcalled thefirstitemontheprogramme, whichwasanoverturebyMrs.O'Keefe. Thefollowingitemsfollowed:"Eileen Alannah,"MissHowell;"IrelandI LoveYou;"Mr.J.Heagney;"Thiggin Thu,"MissM.Holman;IrishJig, Messrs.KinshellaandJ.Healy;"Poor OldGranuaille,"Mr.TomButler;"The SingerwasIrish,"Mrs.Darby;Hornpipe,Mr.Condren;"TheSoldiers' Song,"Mr.JackDwyer;Bones,MasterHerlihy;recitationsbyMasterRay LinksonandMr.W.Brown;"Mother Machree,"byMr.TomBogue;Master JackSullivangave"TheBlacksmithof Limerick,"andMr.Forestaldanceda jig;Mr.JackDwyergavetheoldfavourite"GodSaveIreland,"andMr.J. P.Dohenyrangdownthecurtainwith "UnconqueredYet." Membersareremindednottoforget thesocialonthe15th.inst.

Wedding

Aprettyweddingtookplaceatthe StaroftheSeaChurch,Cottesloe,onSaturday,March1st.ThecontractingpartieswereMissMaryMoynahan andB.S.MajorThomasFreeman,an originalAnzac.Rev.FatherO'Neill officiated.Thebrideenteredthe churchonthearmofherbrother,Mr. A.B.Moynahan,andworeacharming frockofivorycrepe-de-chine,inletwith pearltrimmings;abeautifultrainof ivorysatin,linedwithshellpinksilk, trimmedwithpearlandsilverintrue lover'sknbtsdesign,hungfromthe shoulders.Theusualveilandorange blossomwasworn.Thebridecarried abouquetofwhiterosesandcarnations,withtrailsoffern,tiedwith streamersofribbon.AsthebrideenteredtheChurchasilverhorseshoewas placedonherarmbyMissDorrie Tychsen,cousinofthebride.Miss EllaDonovanattendedasbridesmaid, andlookedcharminginafrockof shellpinksilk,withoverdressofnet, inletwithinsertionandhand-painted panels.Apicturehatofleghorn, trimmedwithwedgewoodblueand heatherwasworn.Abouquetofpink roses.carnations.andferns,tiedwith 'minkstreamers,wascarried.Two littleniecesofthebride,SheilahRose, andJeanMoynahan,actedastrain bearers,andworedaintyfrocksof whitepinspotmuslin,inletwithVal. insertionandlace;alsomobcapsof forget-me-notsandpinkrosebuds.Victorianposiesofpink,tiedwiththe bridegroom'scolours,werecarried. Thebridegroom'spresenttothebride wasagoldbroochsetwithpearlsand rubies,whilethebride'spresenttothe bridegroomwasasetofgoldsleeve links.Thebridegroom'spresentto thebridesmaidwasagoldbracelet, whilethetrainbearersweretherecipientsofgoldcircletbroochesinletwith artillerycolours.Mr.Gentillycarried outthedutiesofbestman.Afterthe ceremonytheguestsproceededto PrincessHall,Claremont,whereareceptionwasheld.Thenewlywedded coupleleftbymotorforKalamunda, wherethehoneymoonwasspent.The bridetravelledinacoatandskirtof navysilk,withhatofwhitecrepe-dechine,linedwithshellpinkchiffon. Alargenumberofusefulandcostly presentswerereceived.

NORTH PERTH,threedoorsfromFitzgerald-street). OpenforEngagementsforConcerts. £22saTerm.

J.M.J. ST.JOSEPH'SCONVENT, KELLERBERRIN.

Thebuildingisbeautifullysituated inoneofthemostattractiveandsalubriousdistrictsofW.A.

TheReligiousTraining,alsothe HealthandComfortofthepupilsare earnestlyattendedto. Thecourseofinstructionincludesa thoroughEnglishEducation,Bookkeeping,Shorthand,Typewriting, Piano,Violin,andTheoryofMusic, Drawing,Painting(oilsandwatercolours),PlainandOrnamentalNeedle. work.

ADiscountismadeinfavourofSisters. Forfurtherparticulars,applytothe SISTERSUPERIOR, Convent,Kellerberrin.

PERTHCATHOLICYOUNGMEN'S SOCIETY.

504HAY-STREET,PERTH.

(UnderthePatronageofHisGrace ArchbishopClune.)

BilliardRoom,Lounge,Library,Card Room,CricketClub,Harriers'Club, Debating,Musical,andDramatic Society,

ASOCIETYTHATEVERYCATHOLICYOUNGMANSHOULDBELONGTO.

FullparticularsonapplicationtoL.RODOREDA. Hon.Secretary. 133Charier-street,WestPerth.

YOUNGIRELANDSOCIETYOF WESTERNAUSTRALIA.

UnderthePatronageofHisGracethe Archbishop. Objects:ThestudyoftheLanguage, Music,History,Literature,andDancingofIreland,andtherevivalofthe idealsofanIrish-Ireland.

MEETSeveryMONDAYat8p.m. inSociety'sRooms,over"WA. Record"Office,Murraystreet.

MonthlySubscription:Ladiesand Juveniles,6d;Gen'Iemen,Is. J.C.WALSH,Hon.Secretary.

YOUNGIRELANDSOCIETY. s()LIM,andDANCE, inthe HIBERNIANHALL,MURRAY-ST., TUESDAY,APRIL15th. MeetofFun.BestIrishDancing.Best EverythingIrish. Gents'Tickets,1/ti;Ladies,Is,

MARRIAGE.

FREEMAN-MOYNAHAN-Onthe 1st.March,atCottesloe,bytheRev. FatherO'Neill,ThomasFreeman, sonofGeorgeFreeman,Cheshire, England,toMary,daughterofthe lateArthurMoynahanandMrs.Moynahan,lateofEastFremantle.

DEATH.

HALL.-OnApril6,atherresidence, "Elwood,"959Wellington-street, WestPerth,Mary,relictofthelate WilliamHall;motherofLucy(Mrs. H.J.Keenan),andCarrie,ofPerth, Leopold(India),Joseph(NewYork), andsisterofMrs.Gilchrist(Fremantle).interredprivatelyatKarrakattaonApril7,1919.R.I.P.

INMEMORIAM.

FITZGERALD.--Inmemoryofmy dearbelovedyoungestson,Frank, whowaskilledinactionsomewhere inFrance,April,1917;aged26 years. SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhissoul. -Insertedbyhissorrowingmother.

FITZPATRICK.-Inlovingmemoryof ourson,Second-Lieut.W.V.Fitzpatrick,"C"Company,51st.Battalion,whofellduringoperationsat Dernacourt,April5,1918. R.I.P Thywillbedone.

SKENE.-Ineverlovingmemoryof Jack,killedinactiononApril4, 1918,belovedsonofJohnandMary Skene,of157Claisebrook-road,East Perth.-R.I.P. SomewhereinFrance.nomatter where, Hewasjustasclosetoheaven, Asthoughhehadlaininhisbedat home Whenthesignaltoceasewasgiven. Hehasbornehiscross,hehasgained hiscrown, Thoughheliesinafar-off.grave, Andwethinkofhislifeadutydone. Manly.unselfish,andbrave.

in theSisterState.Feeling inMelbournehasbeenvery tenseforsometimepast.Whenthe CatholicsoftheState,knowingtheir strength,willuniteandasserttheir legalrightstoequalityofcitizenship, throughafearlessCatholicpress,the prejudicedseculardailypaperswill, withthatcunningcommercialismpeculiartothem,perhapschangetheirtacticsandsteeramorehonourable course.ThetimeiscertainlyrottenripeforachangeinVictoriaandelsewhere.

WhilewecommendMr.Canningas quiteanamiableandkindlyperson,we feelthathisanalogiesinhisdecision oftheSt.Patrick'sDaycasewerevery lopsided.Mr.Canningmighteasily haveconvictedMr.W.Dwyerand withheldhispoorarguments.Asthe casegoesnow,itwouldlookasifthe worthymagistratewereouttodefend theindefensibleunreasonableconduct ofthestupidCityCouncil.Andwhile wecannotcommendhisjudgment,we mightremarkthatMr.Haynesinhis outcryinTuesday'sissueofthe"West Australian"shouldnothavetaken uponhimselftovoicethefeelingsof theIrishofthisStateconcerningtheir futureconductinregardtoSt.Patrick'sDay.

Thiswasnotwritteninthisoffice. Itistakenfromthe"loyal"Sydney "Bulletin,"ofMarch27:"Itisnot worthwhiletospeculatewhetherthe IrishRepublicwillcometopassthis yearornext.Theoutstandingfact isthateventsareshapingtomakeit inevitable.ThePeaceConferenceis atworkmappingoutaschemeby whichnowhitenationinalltheworld istobeattachedagainstitswillto anothernation.ThegreatPeaceLeagueofself-determinednationsisat thesametimebeingformed.Andit can'twellbeusedtoprohibitone,and onlyone,ofthemostclearlydefined peoplesfrombeingself-determined.A racewhichhasbeenscatteredallover theearthandstillpreserveditsidentityisn'toftheundefinedordisappear. ingsort.NorcanBritainremainin theinvidiouspositionofbeingthe onewhiteslaverleftandthechief apostleoflibertyatthesametime. Thelaughteroftheworldwouldmake anendoftheanomaly,anditwouldbe cackledtodeath.Theonlypossible pleaforlettingthingsslideisthatthe Irishpeopledon'twantseparation. Therecentelectionsettledthatmatter. Rightlyorwrongly,wiselyorunwisely,withamarvellousunanimitythe IrishinIreland,asdistinctfromthe aliencommercialandland-owninggarrisonwhichBritainhasputinthe country,threyoverthedemandfor mereautonomyinsidetheempire,and demandedtheRealThing.Theyask forindependenceandnothingless."

Thisincidentshouldremindushow harditisforthosewhowowse,and forjingoesofallshades,tobeconsistent.Justthinkofalltheearnestold ladieswhomusthavestrengthofempiredintheMelbourneTownHall,and notoneofthemmissedtheUnion Jack,untiltheCatholicArchbishop stoodupandlookedaround,andpeeredintothecorners,toseewherewas theflagwhichtheoldladies,andthe LordMayor,andtheoldwomencouncillorslovesowell-itspoiledthecon certforDr.Mannix,hemissedthe UnionJacksomuch,andhesadly said,"I'mtheonlyonethatmissedit."

Wehastentosay"Amen"tothe blessingwhichtheArchbishopofBrisbanepronouncedontheIrishmenof PerthduringhisspeechattheSt.Patrick'sDaycelebrationsinthenorthern city.Itisaproudthingforusto knowthattheindependentspiritofthe IrishmenofthemostCatholiccityin Australiaisnoticedandappreciated awayinthenorth,andwethankArchbishopDuhigforhiskindlyreference andhisbenediction.

IttakesalongtimefortheQueensland"Worker"toreachPerthvia quarantinedboats,etc.,butarecent numberofitwasworthwaitingfor morethanever,becauseFatherGins bach,theSuperioroftheMans FathersofGladstone,Queensland, givessomeverygoodadviceinitto thepeoplewho"run"the"Worker."

Inoneparagraphofaverylucidepistle,heremindsthe"Worker"ofthe lessonsofhistory.Itisagreatpity thatworkersgenerallydonotknow, orwillnotadmit,thelessonsofhistory. EvenourshortchaptersofrecentAustralianhistoryhavebeenforgottenby many,who,savedfromtheshambles byArchbishopMannix,arenow,inthe impudenceofsafety,unwillingtoadmit thathesavedthemfromConscription. EventheEditoroftheSydney"Worker"stated''excathedra"that"clergymenareconstitutionallyformedfor lookingthewrongway,"afterhehad witnessedDr.Mannix'sungloved, stand-upfighttoafinishwiththelittle Welshlight-weight-W.M.Hughes.If insuchashorttimethetruthabout thesalvationofAustraliabytheCatholicshasbeenconsignedtothebottomofawell,whatwonderthatthe moreremotelessonsofhistoryshould beatthebottomofthesea.However,thereareexpertdiversandexpertfishermen,andthingscanstillbe rescuedtothelightofday,though longhidden.

"A

Englishpeople.

trueparentage

unmistakable-, ithasthemouthandhangingunderjawofDublinCastle.Ifthepeople ofEngland,andespeciallythehonest working-menofBritain,rightlygrasp. edwhatisbeingdoneoverhereintheir name,theywouldnot,Ibelieve,tolerateapolicysodishonourabletotheir countryandsocompromisingtoitsinterests.'

OneFredWorthington,ofDwyerstreet,Kalgoorlie,Boulder.orthereabouts,isworryingabouttheloyalty oftheIrish.Whyshouldhe?Whois he?WhatdoesheknowaboutIreland?Ireland'isloyalnowtoitself, justasBelgiumisloyaltoitself,or Englandisloyaltoitself.Ithas electeditsmajoritytoitsownParliament,andsincenobodycaresajotfor theopinionsoftheworthyWorthington,hehadbetterhavehisteain peace,andoutofasenseofeconomy. begottenofloyaltytotheEmpireto whichhebelongs,inwhichhehas suchinfluence,andforwhichhehas somuchorsolittletosay."diphis lid."andsaveprinter'sink.

AdailyCatholicpaper,tocounteractthepoisongasofthebigotedVictoriandailypress,isbeingtalkedof

TheLordMayorofMelbourne, CouncillorCabena,andhisfellowcouncillors,musthavelooked"very,very foolishindeed"onthemorningafter theSt,Patrick'snightconcertinthe citybytheYarra.Itseems,thevery patrioticcouncilhaddecreedacertain amountofflag-waggingasanecessary partoftheSt.Patrick'sDayprocession,i.e.,theUnionJackandtheAustralianflag.ofgivendimensions,tobe cartedattheheadoftheprocession. Onaccountoftheinfluenzaepidemic, itwasnotpossibletoorganisetheprocessionandsports,buttheIrishNationalConcertwasheldasusualinthe TownHall.Onrisingtospeak,Dr. Mannixcalledattentiontotheabsence oftheUnionJackintheschemeofthe TownHalldecorations,forwhichCouncillorCabenaandhisstultifiedcouncil wereresponsible."Ithought,"said Dr.Mannix,"thatiftheUnionJack weretobefoundanywhere,itwould befoundhere,andthatifitwerehere itwouldbeinitsproperdimensions." TheLordMayormadeahorribly lameexplanationafewdayslater.He said"thatthereweretwoAustralian flagsontheorgan,andtheAustralian flaghastheUnionJackinthecorner" MostpeopleinMelbournethinkthat itistheLordMayorwhoisinthe corner,andthatDr.Mannixhascorneredthewholebone-headedcouncil.BeforethewholeofMelbourneDr.Mannixhasplacedthemontheproverbial "hornsofadilemma."IftheCouncilmakeshastetoputupaUnion JackintheTownHall,allMelbourne willknowthatthestingofDr.Mannix'ssarcasmforcedthemtodoit;for Dr.Mannixdrewattentiontothefact, thathewas"theonlyonewhoever missedtheUnionJackfromtheTown Hall."Ifthecouncil"crackshardy" andremainssatisfiedwiththeUnion Jack"inthecorneroftheAustralian flag,"thenDr.Mannixwillnothave thehonourofbeingthelasttoremark ontheabsenceoftheUnionJack whichCouncillorCabenalovessowell. Howaffectingitallis!FutureprocessionistsinMelbournemaycarrythe Australianflagandsay,likethestultifiedLordMayorofMelbourne,"Garn. theUnionJackisinthecorner."

Itisacheeringthingtothinkofthe splendidresponseoftheChurchof Englandpeopletotheappealforfunsls forextensionsattheGuildfordGrammarSchool.Whenthereissucha paganspiritabout,assomanythings givedailyevidenceof,thesightofhalf adozenpeoplesubscribingover £10,000inafewminutes,forthesake ofdenominationaleducation,isinspiring.Itwouldbemoreinspiringstilt iftheChurchofEnglandwouldputoff itskidglovesanddoinlikemanner forthepoor.Thechildrenofthe workingpeoplehavealsosoulsthatcan bebenefittedbyChristianeducation, anditisagreatpitythattheChurch ofEnglandinW.A.,whichisdoingso muchforsecondaryeducation,cannot beconvincedofthegreaterresults whichwouldfollow,ifjtwouldinterest itselfinprimaryeducation.

BritishHumanityinIrish History

Wehavegatheredtogetherthetestimoniesofanumberofindependent witnessesinordertopointoutthat Ireland'sdemandsforself-government arewellbased.EnglandhasbeenIreland'soppressorthroughoutthelong nightofthecenturies.Whatshe couldnotcrushshesoughttoexterminate,andthebestclaimofIreland tonationhoodisthatnotwithstanding allthecruelexcessesdealtouttoher inthepast,moreindependentlythan everto-daydoesshestand,proudand defiantbeforethebaroftheworlddemandingherrecognitionasoneofthe freenationsoftheearth. "Ourforefathers,"saidHaroldBegbie,"endeavouredtowipetheIrish slatecleanofIrishmen.Theydidnot. succeed.Theremnantwhichsurvivedthebloodyspongerefusedtokiss thehandwhichhadclencheditselfto erasethem."

ThepoetSpenser,writingofthe effectsofthispolicyofextermination, whichshowshowthoroughlytheEnglishadventurersinIrelandwrites: "Outofeverycornerofthewoodsand glensthey(theIrish)camecreeping forthupontheirhands,fortheirlegs wouldnotbearthem;theylookedlike anatomiesofdeath:theyspakelike ghostscryingoutoftheirgraves:they dideatofthedead,curious,happy weretheyiftheycouldfindthem,yea. andoneanothersoonafter,insomuch astheverycarcasestheysparednotto scrapeoutoftheirgraves. Ina shortspacetherewerenonealmost silk

left,andapopulousandplentifulcountrysuddenlymadevoidofmanor beast."

SirArthurChichestersawsomechildrengnawingatthefleshoftheirstarvedmother.Leckytellshowoldwomen lightedfirestoattractchildrenwhom theyslewanddevoured.TheEnglishsoldiersputtothesword"blind andfeeblemen.women,boysandgirls. richpersons,idiots,andoldpeople."

M.PaulDubous,theeminentFrench writer,tells:"IntheDesmondcountry,whenallresistancewasatanend. thesoldiersforcedthepeopleintoold barns,whichtheythensetonfire,puttingtotheswordanywhosoughtto escape. Soldierswereseentocatch childrenonthepointsoftheirswords, makingthemsquirmintheairintheir death-agony. Womenwerefound hangingfromtrees,withthechildren attheirbosomsstrangledinthehair oftheirmothers."Andthesamewriterelsewheresays:"ItwasEngland herself,theEnglishinIreland,that madetheIrishrebels."

Mr.JohnM.Robertsonhas,inafew lines,justlysummarisedthedealings ofEnglandwithIreland:"Sevencenturiesofrapineandviolence,careless. nessalternatingwithferocity.Nota gleamofhumanity,norofpolitical wisdom.Noteventhewisdomofthe peasantwhotakescareofitsbeast lestitperish."

HowIrishtradeandindustrywas garrottedmaybegatheredfromacomparisonoftheyearsofplentywhich camebeforetheUnion,withthemiserieswhichfollowedthepassingofthat accursedenactment.ProfessorDiely heldthat,hadtheActofUnionbeen referredtoaCourtofLaw,itmustat oncehavebeencancelled,"asacontracthopelesslytaintedwithfraudand corruption."

Gladstonesaid:"Iknowofno blackerorfoulertransactioninthe historyofmanthanthemakingofthe UnionbetweenEnglandandIreland." Andnow,readers,whenweconsider theeffortsmadetowipetheIrishrace fromthefaceoftheearth,andyet,in spiteofall-theinstancescitedarebut amiserablefew-andwhenwefindthe Irishracemorestrong,moreunited. moredefiantthaneverto-day,surely wecannotfailtorecognisethegenuinenessandtheindestructibilityofits claim.

TheIrish---TheirRight toPlead

Peopleinthiscountrysometimestell youthattheyarewearyoftheperpetualrecapitulationofthewrongsof Ireland;andasIrishmen,wemust confess,wereadtheirnotesofregret moreinsorrowthaninanger.Although theymayhavebeenborninAustralia,ofAustralianfathersandmothers, ifitsuitedsomeselfishpurpose.they wouldlikewiseinallprobabilityregretthattheywereborninthemostfree landGodeversmiledupon.Ireland hasdonethroughherexiledsonsmuch forAustralia.AnIrishpriestwasthe firsttoasserttherightsoftheCatholicChurchinthiscountry,andit tookIrishmentomakeafirmstandin assertingthedemocraticrightswhich Australiancitizens,inspiteoftheclass whichwouldrobthemofeveryright. andmakethemslaves,now,thankGod, eveninasmallmeasure,enjoy.Peter LalorstruckoutforAustralianrights ontheoccasionoftheEurekaStockade.Hisgrand-nephew,now.perhaps. forgottenbythecheap-jackpatriotsof thisState,diedforfreedomnearlyfour yearsagoontheblood-spatteredslopes ofthateverlastingmonumenttoAustralianbraveryandBritishmuddling andstupidity,Gallipoli.Thenames oftheIrishpioneersarewrittendeeply andindeliblyonthemapofWestralia. andsinceweareWestralians,weare forthemomentdealingwiththose IrishmenwhosenamesareforeverassociatedwiththisState.Thenames ofO'SheaandHannanareolderthan CoolgardieorKalgoorlie.Thename ofReidyisasgoodasKurnalpi,and ifvouonlyspendashorthouramong thelonelygravesintheKalgoorlie CemeteryyouwillhavetheopportunityofreadingthenamesofgreatIrishAustralianswhogavetheirunknown livesasreallyforthisState,andinas koracticalafashionastheheroeswho wenttofightformoreabstractionsin thewarwhichisnowhappilyended. ThelateC.Y.O'Connor.oneofthe greatestfiguresinAustralianhistory. washoundedtodeathinthisState. whichwassodeeplyindebtedtohis genius.ThenameofGeorgeThrossell.aFermovman,andfatherofour honouredV.C.,isanameatthementionofwhicheveryWestralianmust paynotrivialmarkofrespect.Pt.i.r MartinO'Meara,V.C.,nowstricken withasevereillness,isanIrishman,andAxford,Carroll,andMcCarthyareotherstowhomthefactofth,.. Irishtraditionmeantmorethanmere wordscouldadequatelyexpress.Father JohnFahey.D.S.0.,isanIrishman andletitbecandidlystatedthatthese areonlyafewofthemultitudew11, havedonear.ddaredforthesacred

causeofAustralianliberties.Andif thesebravefellows,likethousandsoi theirracefromIreland,theUnited States,Canada,andNewZealand,went tofightfortherightsofsmallnations, surelythatIrelandwhencetheyhave sprunghasafullrighttoclaimthe privilegesforsmallnationsassociated withthewinningofthewar.Let thosewhoareprejudicedsaywhat theymay,Irelandhasasmuchrightto profitbyvictoryasanysmallnation inEurope.Itmaybesaidthather sonsinthiscountryhaveslacked,but, inspiteoftheinjusticestowhichthey havebeensubjected,theyhavedone incrediblywell.Thewarisovernow; andwedoubtifto-morrow,theEmpire calledformen,Australia,withher grandrecordinthepast,withnothing tomurmurover,wouldbeaswilling, andasgeneroustofightforanassumedprincipleasIrelandhasbeeninthe warwhichisnowgone,andwhichhas broughtsomanyblood-blotsandtears toourbraveAustralianpeople.

NewsoftheArchdiocese

CALENDARFORAPRIL.

Sunday,13(Purplel-PalmSunday.

Monday,14(Purplel-MondayinHoly Week.

Tuesday,15(Purplel-Tuesdayiq HolyWeek.

Wednesday,16(Purplel-Wednesdayin HolyWeek.

Thursday,17(Purplel-HolyThursday. Friday,18(Black)-GoodFriday.(Fast andAbstinence.)

Saturday,19(Purplel-HolySaturday.

ThecollectionfortheHolyPlaces. andtheaborigines,willtakeplacein allthechurchesoftheArchdioceseon GoodFriday. * *

CEREMONIESOFHOLYWEER.

TheBlessingofPalmswilltakeplace attheCathedraloftheImmaculate Conceptionbefore7o'clockMassto. morrow.Theblessedpalmswillbe distributedtothefaithfulatallthe Masses.

Atthe11o'clockMassthePassion GospelwillbesungbytheRightRev. JohnCreagh,C.SS.R.,theVeryRev. ChancellorHallinan,andFatherPace. Wednesday. ThespecialHolyWeekceremonies willbeginwithTenebraeofficeat7.30 onWednesdaynight,atwhichFather P.Hayeswillbethepreacher. HolyThursday. PontificialHighMassandConsecrationoftheHolyOilsbyHisGrace theArchbishopat8a.m.Deacon:Rev. D.B.Verlin;Sub-Deacon,Rev.P. McBride;GeneralMasterofCeremonies,VeryRev.B.Fagan.Tenebrae office7.30p.m.Preacher:Father JamesMurray,C.SS.R.

GoodFriday.

MassofthePre-SanctifiedandAdorationoftheHolyCrossat9a.m.Celebrant,Rev.D.B.Verlin;Deacon,Rev. JamesO'Grady;Sub-Deacon,Rev.P. McBride.TheRightRev.John Creagh,C.SS.R.,willpreach.Afternoon,4o'clock,StationsoftheCrossin theCathedral.TenebraeOffice,7.30 p.m.Preacher:VeryRev.Father Treacy,C.SS.R.

HolySaturday. BlessingoftheFont.HignMass,7 o'clock.Celebrant:RightRev.John Creagh,C.SS.R.;Deacon,Rev.D.B. Verlin:Sub-Deacon,FatherMoss. FastandAbstinencewillceaseat noononSaturday. EasterSunday. PontificialHighMassat11o'clock, atwhichHisGracewillpreach.

CITYANDSUBURBANCLERGY. HisGraceexpectsallthecityand suburbanprieststobepresentatall theHolyWeekCeremonies. *

DuringtheweekRev.J.Reidy.of Greenbushes,receivedthesadnewsof thedeathsofhismotherandbrother. Hismother'sdeathwasnotunexpected,asshewasadvancedinyears,and wasdeclininginhealthforsometime past,butthatifhisbrother,whowas strickenintheprimeoflifebythefell diseaseofinfluenzawasagreatshock toFatherReidy,towhomwetender ourdeepestsympathyinhisdouble bereavement.

* *

FatherP.McBride,oftheCathedral staff,officiatedatSt.Patrick's,York. lastSunday.TheDeanreturnedduringtheweek.

* *

TheApostolicDelegate'sVisitDeferred.

DuringtheweekHisGracereceived thefollowingcommunicationfromthe ApostolicDelegate,theMostRev.Dr. Cattaneo:-10Edward-street,NorthSydney, N.S.W.,March21,1919.MyLordArchbishop,-SinceIwrote toyouonthe5th.inst.,Ihavereceivedfurtherinformationabout.steamers andothermatters,andIfindnowthat

itwillbepracticallyimpossibleforme tovisittheWestthisyear.Togoto theDioceseofWilcannia-Forbes,Adelaide,PortAugusta,andthentoPerth, NewNorcia,Geraldton,andKimberleywouldmeanthatIshouldbeabsentfromtheDelegationforabout threemonths.Inviewofcertain mattersthatwillhavetobeattended tohereaboutthemiddleoftheyear,I cannotseemywaytobeabsentforso longatime.Forthiswinter,therefore,Imustlimitmytravellingto BrokenHillandSouthAustralia.On anotheroccasion,pleaseGod,Ishall godirectfromSydneytoPerth,and shallbeabletomakeamorelengthy staywithyou.Ihopethatthisrearrangementofmyplanswillnotput yourGracetoinconvenience,but,as youwillrealise,itisunavoidableunder thecircumstances.Witheverykindwish.-Iremain,myLordArchbishop, yoursincerelyinChrist, tB.CATTANEO, ApostolicDelegate.P.S.-KindlyconveythisinformationtotheBishopofGeraldton,the AbbotofNewNorcia.andFather Creagh.

LocalandGeneral

ThefuneralofthelateMr.James Kane,ofRoelands,tookplaceonTuesdayafternoon,the1st.inst.,whenhis remainswereinterredintheCatholic portionofthenewBunburycemetery.TheVeryRev.DeanSmytheofficiated. ManyresidentsofRoelandswhowere friendsofthedeceasedcameinbytrainandpaidtheirlastrespectsat thegraveside.Thepall-bearerswere Messrs.Rafferty,Shine,Gardiner,Delaney,KilaneandYoung,thechief mournersbeingthewidowand daughter.Severalwreathswerelaid onthegrave.-R.I.P.

FromtheAustralianCatholicTruth Societywehavereceivedatractentitled"ArchbishopMannixandVictorian Government-NoPoperyandtheSpanishInfluenza."Werecommenditto thegenerousperusalofourreaders;it isinstructiveandinterestingreading. Wemayalsoaskourreaderswhenit comestheirwaytohandittotheir non-Catholicfriends;theywillfindin itfoodformuchreflection.

GeraldMcCarthy,anoldC.B.C.boy, andtheyoungestsonofMrs.McCarthy,oftheRailwayHotel,Barrackstreet,hasbeenpromotedtotherank ofcaptain.Atpresentheis,andhas beenforsometime,withtheA.I.F.in Egypt.

Dr.Ward,formerlyofthePerthPublicHospital,whohasbeenonanextendedtriptotheEasternStates,is backintheWestagain.Thekindly doctorgoestotakechargeofthe QuarantineStationatAlbany.The writeroftheselineshaspainfulrecollectionofhisfirstinterviewwithDr. Ward-astitchingordeal-but,heis oneofthekindliest,andoneofthefinestmenintheprofession.Ourbest wishesaccompanyhimduringhissojourninAlbany.

FatherJohnMaloneyinhisnewparishcontinueshisoldinterestinthe "Record."ThankstothegoodofficesofFatherFagan,theCatholic paperhasalargenumberofreadersin Arranmore,OsbornePark,andWan. neroo.FatherMoloneyknowsthe valueofgoodwholesomeCatholicreadinginaparish.Alreadywehaveorderstoincreasehissupply-itisagood indicationthatthe"Record"isnota stalemate.

JackMayhew.anoldC.B.C.boy, afterthreeyearsofwarservicein France,returnedtotheStateduring theweek.Jackwasbadlywounded inFrance,andafteralongspellofhospitalinEnglandwasabouttoreturn tothefrontwhentheArmisticeputan endtohostilities.Hewasinthe inkywaypriortojoiningup.andhis experiencesatthefrontshouldbeof valuetoohim.

TheirmanyoldfriendswillgladlygreetthepresenceofMr.andMrs.J. KerriganandfamilyattheOldNarroginInn,Armadale,whichtheyhave takenover.TheKerriganfamily, whoarebythewayfromVictoria,are wellandfavourablyknowndownthe GreatSoutherndistricts,havingconductedasimilar-businessatTarwonga. nearWilliams,andalsodownatNorth Dandalup.Wewishthemeverysuccessintheirnewenterprise,andfeel surethattheirgenialandgenuinehospitalitywillwinthemquiteahostof friends

Amusicalevening,inaidofMiss SusieLeadbitter'scandidaturefor thepopulargirlcompetitionatSt. Brigid'sforthcomingbazaar,willbe heldintheLeedervilleHotelonTuesdayeveningnext,the15th.inst. Friendsofthecandidatearecordially invitedtobepresentinfullst:ength.

Mr.JimCordonfollowedMr.Tom Scullyfor"theolddart"lastweek. JimisaSligoboy,whocametothis Stateaboutsevenyearsago.Hewas amemberofthenewandprogressive YoungIrelandSociety,andallwho knowhimsayheis"oneofthe best."Hisbrother,Dr.Conlon,was recentlyappointedmedicalofficerfor theCallanUnion. *

ThenameofMrs.Tobin,ofBennettstreet,EastPerth,wasinadvertently omittedfromthelistofladyhelpers fromtheCathedralparishonSt.Patrick'sDay.

* *

Mr.StanleyBelot,oftheGosnells Hotel,wasstrickenwithasuddenillnessastheresultofastrokeofacricketballlastSaturday.Hehasbeena patientatthePerthHospital.Mr. Belot,whoisanAnzac,isaVictorian. agreatloverofsport,anditwouldbe mostregrettableifheshouldbesountimelystrickenwhileendeavouringto fostersportintheprogressiveGosnellsdistrict.

Mr.J.Halpin,wholeftafewweeks agoonhiswaytoSt.Patrick'sCollege, Manly,N.S.W.,isnowapatientwith theinfluenzaepidemicatMelbourne. Mr.MauriceTullywasabouttoleave onthesameboatasMr.Halpin,but, fortunately,hefailedtopassthestrict examinationofthequarantinemedi calauthoritiesatFremantle.Mr.HalpinisastudentfortheDioceseof Geraldton,whileMr.M.Tullyaspires totheArmadale(N.S.W.)Diocese,of whichhisuncle,MonsignorTobin,is V.G. * *

MissKittyO'Reilly,ofVictoriaPark, is,weregrettoannounce,seriouslyill inthePerthPublicHospital.

Mr.JohnCronin,whohadbeenin WooroolooSanatoriumforanumberof years,passedawaylastTuesdayatthe PerthHospital.Thedeceased,who wasanativeofCo.Cork,Ireland,was areadywit,andevenmembersofthe hospitalstaffwillmisshischeeryhumour,evenwhenthepoorfellowhad smallreasontobehumourous.May hissoulrestinpeace.

*

*

AstrikingmonumenthasbeenerectedoverthegraveofthelateMr.John Norton,ofthe"Truth"Newspaper,at SouthHead(Sydney)Cemetery.It bearsthefollowinginscription:-"Sac. redtothememoryofJohn,theloved husbandofAdaNorton,andfatherof EzraandJoan,whodied9thApril, 1916.-RequiescatinPace."Come untoMe,allyethatareweary,and heavyladen,andIwillgiveyourest."

Themonumentisamassive'affair,surmountedbyastatuerepresentingthe Saviourwithoutstretchedarms

*

Don'tforgettheYoungIrelandSocialandDanceintheHibernianHall onthe15thinst. *

AtarecentmeetingtheFremantle HiberniansunanimouslycarriedamotionsignifyingtheirwholeheartedsupportoftheirpastDistrictPresident, Mr.WalterDwyer,LL.B.,intheaction broughtagainstthatgentlemanbythe Perthcitybumbles,becausehewas oneofthethousandswho"daredtobe Irish"onSt.Patrick'sDay*

*

ThefinalmeetingofSt.Patrick's DayCommitteehasbeenheld. andthebalancesheet producedshowedaremarkableincreaseuponlastyear'sresults.1.:n doubtedlythegreatsuccessofthis year'scelebrationscanbeattributed tothehigh-handedmannerinwhich theCityCouncilendeavouredtobuck thewilloftheIrishpeople.St.Parrick'sDay,1919,probablywitnessed thefinestspiritofunityshownbyour CatholicandIrishcitizensintherecordsoftheIrishNationalcelebration inthisState.Allconcernedareto becongratulatedonthesplendidunan- imityoffeelingshownthroughout.Mr. Jas.Tully,whoduringthelastthree yearshasgivenallhisenergiestothe workofthecommittee,isdeservingof thefullestmeasureofgratitudeforthe goodresultshehasachieved.AssociatedwithhimasassistantwasMr. CecilGuilfoyle,whosharesinmuchof thesuccessattained.

"SocietyofSt.Vincentdepaid,Western Australia"(hcorporated)

CATECHISMINSTRUCTION CLASSES.

TheSocietywillforwardCatechisms toanyCatholicManorWoman,freeof allcosts,whoarewillingtoundertake theteachingofChristianDoctrineto ChildrenandAdultsinremotecountrydistrictsanddistantplaceswhere noPriestresidesorConventisestablished.

Communicationsgivingparticularsof requirements,addressedtotheSecretary,Mr.J.F.Waldron,24Harleystreet,Highgate,Perth,willreceive immediateattention.

TheCultofthe

Formanyyearspast,saysM.J. O'Donoghue,MA.,in"America,"in seasonandoutofseason,Americans havebeenassuredbyjournalistsand historiansthatweareanAnglo-Saxon peopleandthattotheAnglo-Saxons weoweourcivilisationanddemocratic institutions.Ournationalgeniusis Puritan,sothestoryruns,ourvery Constitutionitself,writintheblood ofmartyrs,isonlyarevisededition ofMagnaCharta.Thisfalsification ofAmericanhistoryhasbeencommon inthiscountryandabroadforthe pasttwoorthreedecades.Andso greatisthepowerofanarrowpress thatmennotofAnglo-Saxororiginare madetofeelthattheyshouldprotest theirloyaltytoAmericaandattempt toreconciletheirreligiousbeliefsand practicestotheabsurdandpreposterousclaimsofsupposedAnglo-Saxon nationalism.Thisservileprotestationofaloyaltywhichisbredinour bone,wouldberidiculousandchildish wereitnotsotragicandunworthya greatrace.

Writinginthe"AtlanticMonthly" forOctober,1896,Dr.Eliot,onceof Harvard,states:

"Itisagreatmistaketosuppose thattheprocessofassimilatingforeignersbeganinthenineteenthcentury.TheeighteenthcenturyprovidedtheColonieswithagreatmixtureof peoples,althoughtheEnglishrace thenasnowpredominated.When theRevolutionbrokeouttherewere alreadyEnglish,Scotch,Dutch,German,French,PortugueseandSwedes intheColonies."

Areaderofthisarticlenoticingthe strangeomissionofanymentionofthe Irishelement,thenthemostnumerous andpowerfulintheColonies,called Dr.Elliot'sattentiontothematter,in aletterbristlingwithanarrayofconvincingfacts.InhisreplyDr.Eliot wrote: "IshallhavetoconfessthatIomittedtheIrish,becauseIdidnotknow thattheywereanimportantelement inthepopulationoftheColoniesofthe eighteenthcentury.Myignoranceof theearlyIrishpopulationisdoubtless duetoprovincialism."

Averyinterestingadmissioninview ofthefactthathistorygivesample testimonyofthegreatpartplayedby theIrishinfoundingtheRepublic andshapingitsdestinies.

Anglo-Saxon

wasaccompaniedbyJamesMooney, JohnFinley,andWilliamCool;and theyinturnwerefollowedbyCaptain Grattan,JohnToole,andJohn McManus.CaptainFlynn,JohnReillyandFrancisDunleavywerethe foundersofColumbia.MajorMcGarvy, McBrideandBolgerwithBoonewere thegreatIndianfightersatthattime inKentucky.AtleasttwentyfortifiedstationsinKentuckybearIrish namesandelevencountiesinKentuckybearthenamesofIrishmen. ThereishardlyaGaelicnameinIrelandthatwasnotrepresentedinKentuckyaftertheRevolution,somuchso indeedthatHenryClaywasdeclared thatKentuckywas"theIrelandof America."

Whenin1765Franklingaveupall hopeonthepassageoftheStampAct itwasCharlesThompson,anIrishman, thenSecretaryoftheContinentalCongress,whoagainrekindledtheflame ofFreedom."Thesunoflibertyis set,"wroteFranklin,"andAmericans mustnowlightthelampsofindustry andeconomy."Beassured,answered Thompson,"Weshalllighttorchesof quiteanotherkind."Thompsonwas oneofthemostnotedmenofhistime, andsecondonlytoWashingtonin popularesteem.

Inthehistoryofthe"HibernianSocietyandtheFriendlySonsofSt. Patrick,'publishedin1892,theauthors givethenamesandofficialstationsof 399officialsofthehighestorderfurnishedbythisSocietytotheState andnationinearlydays.Among themwerethreePresidentsofthe UnitedStates.Inpassingitmaybe notedthatWashingtonhimself,though notanIrishman,wasamemberof theFriendlySons.

Hart,anativeofCavan,wasoneof theoriginalfoundersofpubliceducationinMaryland.ChiefJustice Taneywasatonetimehispupil,and healwaysspokeofhimwithgrateful respect.In1749RobertAlexander foundedAugustaAcadamy,which latergrewintoWashingtonandLee University.ArchibaldMurphywas thefatherofthe"commonschools"in NorthCarolina.Smithinhis"HistoryofGeorgia,"saysthecolonistsin theearlydayshadneitherschoolsnor teachers"savenowandthenawanderingIrishman."InNewJersey,accordingtoClayton,"theearliestteachersweresmart.passablyeducated, youngIrishmen."JamesMcSparran, anativeofDerry,wasoneofthe foundersofBrownUniversity.We readinGould's"HistoryofRhode IslandCollege"thatthefirstfunds wereraisedinIrelandanditsearliest teacherswereKelly,O'Dwyer,Connor, andMcCormack.Fromacontemporaryrecordwelearnthatin1817,in NewHampshire,aschoolmasterwas appointedassuccessorto"Yelate schoolmasterHumphreySullivan."In 1734EdwardFitzgeraldwasateacher atBoscawen,N.H,and"Master O'NalewasappointedatWeare,N.H., in1792."TenKelleysappearinalist ofteachersinNewHampshirealone beforethecloseoftheeighteenthcentury.

haveinafeudinbehalfofAngloSaxonblood,orthecountrymenof PulaskiandMercier?Asonewriter haswellsaid:

"TheAmericanwhonowraisesthe flagofAnglo-Saxonnationalismraises ameaninglesssymbolwhichinsultsthe prideofmillionsofhisfellowcountrymenandmostoftheAllies,andmay wellchallengetheOrienttomuster anddrillhermillionsforthenextwar."

No!Americancivilisationandideals arenotanAnglo-Saxonproduct,nor doweinheritourcharterofliberties fromMagnaCharta,which,according toLordMacaulay,wastheachievementofaCatholicbishopwhosefather wasanIrishman.Thepoliticaland civilidealsoftheAmericanCommonwealthgoevenfurtherbackintheold Catholicdayswhen"Governmentof thepeople,bythepeopleandforthe people,"waspopular.Americanideals aretheidealsofjustmeninallages,of Washington,Barry,andtheLafayettesandPulaskisofalltime.They aretheidealsforwhichtheIrish,the PolesandtheBelgianshaveagainand againmadethesupremesacrificeundergoingeventhescornofallmankindratherthanforegothesacred causeofliberty.

TheIrishinAmericanHistory. ThefirstmankilledintheBoston massacre,thefirstovertactofthe Revolution,wasPatrickCarr,anIrishman.Amongthosewhoassistedin pitchingtheteaintoBostonharbour wereThompsonandHughMaxwell, bothIrishmen.ThecaptureofNew Castle,thefirstforttakenintheRevolutionwastheworkofMajorsJohn SullivanandJohnLangdon.For thisexploitbothwereelectedtoCongress.SullivanwasappointedBrigadier-Generalandcommandedthe northerndivisionoftheContinental Army.Hebecameattorneygeneral andtwicegovernorofNewHampshire. Hisbrotherbecamegovernorof Massachusetts.JohnStark,wholed theNewHampshiremenatBunker Hill,wasoneofthemostfamousmen inNewEngland,GeneralKnox,an Irishman,wasWashington'smost trustedadviser.JosephReedwas privatesecretarytoWashington.He wasofferedabribeof50,000dollarsbe theBritishtodesertthecauseofthe Colonies,anofferherejectedwith scorn.ColonelFitzgeraldwasWashington'sfavouriteaide-de-camp. Thefamous"BrigadeofPennsylvania,"ledbyColonelsWayne,Stuart,IrwinandButler,wasthecrackcorpsof theContinentalArmy.ItwasselectedbyWashingtontoguardWestPoint afterthediscoveryofArnold'streason. Manyofthefamousengagementsof theRevolutionwereledbyIrishmen. Stark,atBennington;Morgan,at Cowpens;WayneatStoneyPoint,and AndrewPickensatEutaw,areexamplesinpoint.Theleadingspokes. menatthefirstcouncilofwar,heldbe WashingtonatCambridgein1775, wereGeneralsRichardMontgomery andRichardSullivan,andfullyonethirdoftheactivechiefsofWashington'sarmywereofIrishbirthordescent.WilliamGregg,whocommandedthevanguardatBennington,the GibsonBrothers,whosesharpshooters werecalledthe"GibsonLambs";CaptainJasperofFortMoultrie;John Kelly,whocoveredWashington'sretreatfromTrenton;ColonelAlexanderMartinofBrandywinefame,were allIrish.SowereGeneralsLewis, Roche,Hand,Clinton,Rutherford, ThompsonandButler.Twelveofthe signersoftheDeclarationofIndependencewereIrish.Therewereno Scotch-Irishinthosedays.Thatterm, alongwiththeAnglo-Saxonmyth,was inventedonehundredandtwenty-fie yearslater. InCollins'"HistoryofKentucky" itisstatedthatJamesMcBridewas thefirstmantoenteritsborders "paddlinghiscanoeuptheKentuckyriverin1743."In1769DanielBoone

SaucyJack Barryand Others. CommodoreBarry,thefatherofthe Americannavy,wasaWexfordman. Barry'sprizesforonevoyagealone, whensoldinFrenchports,brought theAmericanGovernment3,000,000 dollarsatatimewhenmoneywas sorelyneeded.InAbbot's"Blue Jackets"itisrecordedhowBarry, withtwenty-sevenmeninopenrow boats,capturedthewarship"Alert"of tenguns,andfourconsortvessels,and took500prisoners.ItwasBarry'sde-' structionofwarandtradingvessels thatstruckterrorintotheheartsof theenemy,andfinallycompelledtheir merchantstopetitiontheGovernment forpeace. AsamatteroffacttheAnglo-Saxon elementwasaninsignificantminority inthearmiesoftheRevolution. Lecky,inhis"HistoryoftheAmericanRevolution,"speakingofthecompositionoftheAmericanarmy,says: "Oneofthemostremarkabledocumentsrelatingtothestateofopinion inAmericaistheexaminationofGalloway,lateSpeakerofthePennsylvaniaHouseofRepresentatives,byacommitteeoftheHouseofCommonsin June,1779.Gallowaywasaskedthe followingquestion:'WhatintheserviceofCongressweretheychieflycomposedof,nativesofAmerica?Orwas thegreatestpartofthemEnglish, Irish,orScotch?"Gallowayanswered:'Thenamesandplacesoftheirnativitybeingtakendown,Icananswer thequestionWithprecision;scarcely one-quarterwerenativesofAmerica; aboutone-halfwereIrish.Theother one-quarter,EnglishandScotch.'" Plowden,thehistorian,declared:"It isafactbeyondquestionthatmostof theearlysuccessesinAmericawere duetothevigourousexertionsand prowessoftheIrishemigrantswho borearmsinthecause."LordMountjoydeclaredintheHpuseofLords thatEnglandlostAmericabyIreland.

Irishmen-"inPeace,Teachers;inWar, Soldiers." "LogCollege'atNeshamingwas foundedin1728byWilliamTennant, anIrishman.Thiscollegewasthe spiritualancestorofPrincetonUniversitywhichhassomanyIrishtraditions.ThefamousBishopBerkeley, whowasanativeofKilkenny,wasa teacherintheNorthAmericanColoniesinhisyoungdays.Hefounded acollegefortheIndians.WhenleavingAmericahelefthismagnificent collectionofbookstoYaleUniversity, thusenrichingitwiththefinestlibraryintheland.Itwasduringhis residenceatRhodeIslandthathe wrote"Alciphron"ortheminute philosopher.Thebrilliant,andsomewhateccentricstatesman,JohnRandolph,waseducatedbyaDr.Cochrane. anIrishman.Thecolonialrecordsof MarylandandDelawarespeakofthe Irishman"inpeace,teachers;inwar, soldiers,"arecordtheyseemtohave liveduptofromthetimeColumbus discoveredAmerica,withaConnaughtmanamonghiscrew,downtothepresentday.

TheAmericanCommonwealthwas foundedataperiodofgreatintellectualexpansionbymenofinternational outlookandsympathies.Henceitis thatineverygreatcrisisofherhistory Americahasappealedtothetribunal oftheworldtopassjudgmentonthe justiceofhercause.Henceitisthat thefathersoftheAmericanRepublic regardedneitherracenorcreedwhen itwasaquestionofhumanliberty. democracyandequality.Forinstance,itwasaCatholicprelate, BishopCarroll,aprelateoftheworld's noblestChurch,whomtheAmerican Congressthoughtfittopreachthe panegyricofGeorgeWashington,the world'sgreatesthero.Itwasanother greatprelate,ArchbishopHughes, whomAmericasenttopreachthejusticeofhercauseintheCivilWar,to thepeoplesofFranceandSpainandat theVatican,andincidentallytoestablishthegloriousprincipleofinternationalratherthannationalallegiance.Suchwerethemenandsuch theprinciplesthatmadeAmericathe promisedlandofallthenationsand thechampionofhumanlibertyand worlddemocracy.

Turningtotheeducationallifeofthe Coloniesintheeighteenthcenturyand after,wefindamplerecordsofthe sameheroicandnobleservicerendered bytheIrishintrainingtheyouthand formingtheidealsofyoungAmerica. ChiefJusticeRogerTaneyandWebster.thelexicographers,wereboth trainedbyIrishtutors.Websterderivedmuchoftheinspirationforhis monumentalworkfromhisteacher, EdwardEvans.FrancisAllison,calledthe"schoolmasterofPennsylvania," wasanativeofDonegal.In1741he establishedaschoolinNewLondon. Thiswastheoriginalofthepresent DelawareCollege.ThreeoftheSignersoftheDeclarationofIndependence werehispupils.Lateronhebecame headoftheacademywhichgrewinto the"CollegeofPhiladelphia,"andis nowtheUniversityofPhiladelphia.An Irishcolonywasmainlyresponsiblefor theestablishmentandsuccessofLafayetteCollege.ThepeopleofNew Sweden,accordingtothehistorian Aurelius,wereutterlyilliterateuntil someCatholicteacherscamefromIrelandandestablishedsubscription schools"toteachchildrentheirletters."Thereishardlyacountyin Pennsylvaniathat,intheearlydaysof itsstniggle,isnotassociatedwiththe nameofsomeIrishschoolmaster.John

Thisalsoexplainsthefactwhythe trailoftheIrishteacherinAmerican recordsbecomesobscureafter1774.The gentleteacherbecamethefighting patriot.Thetownclerks'recordsof villageeducators,whichuptonow bristledwithIrishnames,henceforth bearsonlytherollofhonourofsoldiers.Anotherreason,whyitisso difficulttoobtainacompletelistof themenofIrishbloodengagedinthe professionofteachingintheColonies, isnodoubtduetotheharshlaws passedagainstIrishmenbytheNew Englanders.Oneoftheseenacted that"IrishmenshoulddresslikeEnglishmenandweartheirbeardsafter theEnglishfashion,takeEnglishsurnamessuchasSutton,Brown,Green, Cook,"etc.,anditfurtherenactedthat theyshouldusethesenamesunder painof"forfeitingtheirgoods." Anotherlawenactedthatataxof twentyshillingsshouldbeleviedon "Irishservants.'TheNewEnglander evidentlyhadcuriousideasaboutfreedomanddemorracy. Itwouldbeinterestingheretotrace theinfluenceoftheCeltinthemouldinganddevelopmentofAmericanliterature,butsuchanattemptwould leadusbeyondthescopeofthispaper. Anothermythsedulouslyspread amongstusisthatEnglish-speaking peopleareipostlyAnglo-Saxon.This isquiteuneue.Englandherselfis notAnglo-Saxon.WhentheNormansinvadedEnglandshewasinhabitedbyAngles,Jutes,Saxons,and Danes.Wales,CornwallandCumberlandwereentirelyCeltic.Afterthe ConquesttheAnglo-Saxontonguewas proscribed.NormanFrenchwasthe languageofpolitesociety,whileAngloSaxonwasdrivenintothefields,the stablesandthekitchen.TheEnglish languageasspokeninEnglandand Americato-daycontainsveryfew Anglo-Saxonwords.ModernEnglish bearsaboutthesamerelationto Anglo-SaxonthatSpanishdoesto GothicorFrenchtotheoldhighGermanoftheFranks. Herethenisthetruthaboutthe Anglo-Saxonraceandlanguage. Indeed,itwouldbesafetosaythat scarcelyfivepercent.oftheAmerican peoplecanlayclaimtoapurely Anglo-Saxonlineage.Whatgoodend canthepreposterousclaimofan Anglo-Saxonnationalismserve?Who weretheAnglo-Saxonsanyway,except thesavagehordesofGermantribesmenwhodrovebackthePictishand CelticancestorsofourIrish-American Presidents.Whatinterestcanthe countrymenofLafayetteandFoch

AuntBessy'sCorner

MyDearChildren,-IhavewhatI thinkwillbemostinterestingnewsfor youthisweek.Iamsureallmy niecesandnephewsofeverywherewill bedelightedtohearit.Itisthemost pleasinginformationthathasfallenon myearsforayearandaday,andit comesfromSt.Vincent'sFoundling tHome-thehappyretreatofourlittle friendsthe''weeones."AuntBessy's niecesandnephewshavepreviously beendelightedbyseeingtheirefforts forthelittlemitesacknowledgedby thefoundationoftwocotsbearing theirnames.To-day,mydearchildren,agreaterprivilegehasbeengiventoyou.DuringtheweekIhave beeninformedbythegoodSister-inChargethatthenewisolationandobservationwards,whicharededicated toSt.Roch,thegoodSaintwhointhe 14thcenturyachievedsomanywondersinnursingthesickduringarag- jogpestilenceinItaly,havebeenfurnishedwiththemoneygatheredin lastyearbymygoodlittleniecesand nephews.Tabletssuitablyinscribed willbeconspicuouslyplacedinthese wards,andwillremainasfuturememorialsoftheirgoodworkforthe"wee ones.Itisthedesireofthegood SistersofMercythatIshouldtellyou thispleasantnews,andthatIshould, intheirname,sendyoutheirverysincerethanks.Iamgladtobeableto dothis,mydearlittlepatientlyploddingworkers,forthe"weeones."and addedtotheSisters'gratitudeismy own.Inlaterdays,mydearnieces andnephews,whenyouhaveolder grown,youwill,inyourvisitationsto St.Vincent'sHome,havereasonto lookwithsatisfactionuponthese memorialsofyouryouthfuleffortsin thegreatcauseofCharity.Meanwhilemylittlefriends,letuskeepgoingforward."Fullsteamahead" shouldbeourmotto,andfortherestGod'sAngelisatthewheel. Ihavealargenumberofcardswhich Iwantdistributed.Cardsoutmeans moneyinsomeday,andmoneyin meanshelpforthe"weeones."How manygenerouslittlenieces,andhow manyenergeticlittlenephewswillhelp metolessenthebigpilelookingatme frommytable?Apartfrommy niecesandnephews,howmanygenerousadultfriendsofthe"weeones" aretheretowhommyappealappear! Ishallknow,perhaps,beforetheyear closes-thatisiftheyarenottoo proudtobeassociatedwithyourloving, AUNTBESSY.

FAVOURSRECEIVED, "M.N.,"Boulder,sends10s.forLittleFoundlingsingratitudeforfavoursreceivedthroughLittleFlower. "THEBROOKLET."

Rustle,rustle,bustle,bustle, Flowsthebrookletonitsway, Eversinging, Everbringing. Ripplinglaughtertotheday. Hurry,hurry,scurry,scurry, Thro'therockywildernessTimeiswinging, Nightisflinging, O'ertheearthherdarkcaress. Foamylittlewave-thingsgather, DancingonwardstotheseaSleepiscallingNightisfalling, Littlebrook-farewelltothee!

-SheilaGreen,Pingelly. ToShiela,-Mydearlittlepoetess, doyouthinkyoucouldcomeoutof thecloudsforawhileandfillacard forpoorold AUNTBESSY.

Mogumber,March29,1919. DearAuntBessy,-Thisismysecond lettertoyou,andIthinkIhavekept youwaitinglongenoughforit.We havebeenhavingnicecoolweather lately,andtheearlypartofthemorningsarequitecold.Ihaveleftschool thisyear,asmythreeeldestsisters areaway,andIamhelpingmother.I feelverylonelywithoutoneofthem. TherewasaMissionat.NewNorciaa fewliweeksback,andwewereallsorry whenitwasended.OurMogumber racemeetingwasheldlastFriday,and theeventwasverysuccessful.Ilike readingthe"Record,"butthefirst thingIlookforis"AuntBessy'sCorner.Wehadalovelylotoffigsand grapesthisyear,buttheyarenearly allgonenow.Thebushfireshave Abeentroublesomelately,buthave nowcalmeddown.IhopeyoureceivedAda'scardandmoneysafely. Well,dearAuntBessy,Ihavetoldyou allforthistime,soIwillsay"goodbye."Fondestlovetoyourselfand the"weeones."-Yourfondniece. URSULALANIGAN. (xxxxforthe'weeones.)

Iamglad.veryglad,mydearUrsula,thatyouhaven'tforgottenme-that IhavewithmemylittleMogumba friendsyetawhile.Ihaven'thadoc-

casiontocleanmyreadingglasses manytimeslately. Idon'tknow whathashappenedtomymanynieces andnephews;theyseemtohavedesertedme.Wehadafewcoldday, here,buttheweatheriswarmingup again;iftheheatcontinuesI'llhave togobacktomywhitefrocks-andI wouldrathernot;theymeanextra work.Helpingmother!Mydear Ursula,thosearenicewords,andI thinktheyarelovingwords.Mothers nowadaysgetverylittleinthewac ofhelpfromtheirchildren.Mother moretimesthanotherwisehastoanswereverycallinthehome-andno oneseemstoworryhowmotherfeels whenherday'sworkisover.Helping mother!Thatmeansmakingmother's burdenlighter,and,Ursula,dear,I fancyIseetheangelssmiling.Iam sureyouwillhavegainedsomething fromtheMissionyouhadtheprivilege ofattending,andIamdelightedthat youfindourpagesointeresting.I receivedAda'scard,andhercheque. Youwillhavethepleasureofreading herletterin"thecorner"thisweek. Thankyouforyourloveandthekisses yousendthe"weeones."Iamsure some,ifnoteveryone,arereturned.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.

Nannine,March24,1919.

DearAuntBessy,-Thisismyfirst lettertoyou.Willyoupleaseaccept measoneofyournephews?Ialwaysenjoyreadingyourcornerinthe "Record,"buttherehasnotbeenany letterslately.Ilikegoingtoschool. Iaminthethirdstandard.Theweatheriskeepingveryhotanddry;rain isbadlyneeded.Stationownersare losingtheirstockinlargenumbers. Please,AuntBessy,willyousendmea collectingcard,andIwilldomybest forthe"weeones"?Nomoreforthis time.-Yourwould-benephew, JACKMcCANN.

Ofcourse,Iwill,mydearJack,and I'mverypleasedtohaveyou.Aren't youabrotherofmyworthynephew, Terry?Terry,4understand,isstrikingoutonabigtrail,andisafter somethinggreat.YoutellTerryI hopeandprayhe'llbeverysuccessful. Iamgladyoulikegoingtoschool-it's agreatplace,Jack,butonemustwork whilethereifonewishestogainthe goodthatagoodschoolcangive.I amsorryyourweatherreportisnot encouraging.Iwillsendyouacard, andIamconfidentyouwilldoyour best,asTerrydid,forthe"weeones." Writeoften,mydearJack,toyour loving, AUNTBESSY.

Mogumber,March26,1919.

DearAuntBessy,-Nodoubtyou mustthinkmeafineniecefornotwritingandsendingmycardbackbefore. Iamsendingitbacknowwith£1.I amsorryIcouldnotgetmore,but thepopulationhereisonlyasmall andscatteredone,andIdidnothave theopportunityofgettingaboutmuch. Theweatherhasbeenlovelyandcool lately.Wedonotgoinbathingnow. Ihavepassedintoahigherstandard atschoolandamnowinthefourth class.IwasconfirmedatNewNorcialastDecemberbyBishopCatalan, andtookthenameofTheresa,after "TheLittleFlowerofJesus."Kevin canwalkallovertheplacenow,and haseightteeth.Hewasayearold lastJanuary.Ihavealittlepetkid, whichIreared,andsheisveryplayful.Well,dearAunty,asitisget- tingnearschooltimeIwillsaygoodbye.Trustingyourselfandthe"wee ones"arequitewell.Givethemmy fondestlove,andkeepalargeshare foryourself*Yourlovingniece, xxx ADALANIGAN, P.S.-Pleasefindenclosedcheque for£1.Ursulasendsherloveandwill writelater.

Well,yes.Ada,dear,Idothinkyou areafineniece.IthinkIalwaysdid, butIdon'tthinkI'dusetheword "fine"inthewayitsuggesteditselfto you.Youhavesentyourchequefor £1forthe"weeones"-nowIthink that's"fine,"usingthewordinthe waythatmynephewsuse"bonzer." Andaren'tyou"fine"forsendingit? Ada,dear,IwishIcouldfindalot morelittlefriendsas"fine."I'd lovethemeveryone.SoI'mnot mindingthetimeyoudidn'twriteto me,butI'monlythinkinggratefullyofthecharitythatisinyou,andthe lovethatyouhaveshownformylittle friendsthe"weeones."Don'thave anyregretsthatyourchequewasn'ta biggerone.Goddoesn'talwaysregardbigdonationsasbestones-sometimes thelittleones,likethewidow'smite. shinelikestars.Youdidyour"bit." andIamgrateful-verygrateful.I amdelightedtohearofyourprogress atschool,andhopethatyouwill reachahigherstandardafterthenext exam.Andnowthatyouareamongst the"strongandperfect,"withdear LittleTeresaasyourfriend,Iamsure youwillmakeyourhoursatschool goldenones.MylovetolittleKevin.

Iamdelightedtoknowthathehas reachedthewalkingstage,andthathe haseightteeth.IamsureUrsula andyourself.findhimveryinteresting. Yourgoodwishesandlovehavebeen transmittedtothe"weeones"--notall, mydearAda,asyoudesiredIhave keptalargeshareformyself.-Your loving, AUNTBESSY.

StationHouse,Tambellup.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamwritingto youonceagain,afteralongrest.How areyouandtheweeonesgettingon? Wehadasmallamountofrainuphere lastFridayweek,andwewereall veryglad,aswehadnothadanyfor abouttwomonthsandahalf,andthe watersupplyranshort.Theground wasverydryandnothingwouldgrow. Myfatherisamongthosewhoare strandedoverintheEast,andcannot gethome.Weareallwantinghimto comeback,asitisthreemonthstodaysinceheleft,andhecannotget backtohiswork.FatherReidytold usatChurchyesterdaythatwewere goingtohaveamissiononthe14thof nextmonth;itwillbeverynice,as wehavenothadoneuphereatall.I willclosenow.-Yourlovingniece, STELLAWILLIAMS. (xxxxxforyouandtheweeones.). MyDearStella,-Youareverywelcometo"thecorner"againafteryour longrest,andItrustyoureturntous verymuchrefreshed.Itseemstome quitealongwhilesinceIreadthe nameof"StellaWilliams"attheend ofanAuntBessyletter.Iwondered awhileifyouhaddisrememberedme, andhadsearchedoutandfoundanew friend.Ireallyamgladyouhaven't. WhatadrycornerTambelluphasbeen setin!Mostplacesitappearstome aresufferingfromascarcityofrain justnow,andmanycomplaintscome fromtheNor'-West.Idohopethe prohibitionistshaven'tputJupiterand hiswatercanontheprohibitedlist. Theymightdowhattheylikewith whisky,butIreallyhopetheywill drawthelineatwater.Iamvery sorryyourfatherhasbeenmarooned intheEastthroughtheoperationsof theinfluenzaepidemic.Itsurelymust beananxioustimeforhimandforall ofyouathome.Ihope,mydear Stella,yournextletterwillsaythat hehasreturnedhomesafeandwell.So youarepromisedamission?Well, pleaseGod,dearStella,whenitcomes itwillbringgreatgracestoyouall, andIamsureyouwillnotregret them.Thanksforthekissesyousend totheweeonesandyourloving, AUNTBESSY.

NURSESRECOMMEND ZAM-BUK

ForWoundsandSkinDiseases.

Nursescomeintocontactwithevery descriptionofskininjuryandcomplaint.Theyarethusbroughttofully realisetheneedforareliablehealing balmwhichcanbeappliedtodiseased andwoundedskinwitheveryconfidencethatonlygoodwillresult.

Thefactthathundredsofnurses dailyuseandrecommendZam-Bukin thecourseoftheirprofessionalduties isconvincingproofthatinZam-Buk thepublicisprovidedwithamedicinal balm,thepurityandhealingofwhich cannotbedenied.

Zam-Bukisnotonlyawonderful skin-healer.Itisstronglyanti-septic andgermicidal,andsoformstheideal protectionfortheskinagainstdisease germs.

Mrs.ElizabethDwyer,of163Elizabeth-street,Launceston,Tasmania,who iswellknownand,highlyrespectedas anurse,,4vrotes:"Ihavebeenaprofessionalnurse forupwardsof38years,andduring thattimehavemetwithmanyaccidentcases,andknowverymanyinstancesinwhichZam-Buk.hasproved ofgreatservice.

"Forinstance,inonecaseofgatheredbreasts,IusedZam-Bukwithmarvelloussuccess.Thebalmtookthe inflammationaway,andafterafew applicationsthehardenedlumpsofthe gatheringsdisappearedentirely.For ulcersandvaricoseveins,too,ZamBukhasalsoprovedmostsuccessfulin allayingtheinflammationandcleansingandhealingtheawfulsores. "IhavealsousedZam-Buksuccessfullyforboils,carbuncles,burns,and allsortsofwoundc.Infact,theinstonceswhereIhavefoundZam-Buk sousefulandbeneficialaretoonumeroustomentionindetail,andIcan confidentlyrecommendthatapotof Zam-Bukshouldbekeptinevery home."

Zam-I3uk.isincomparablyeffective forthetreatmentofrunningsores. badlegs,eczema,ringworm,scalp sores,cuts,burns,scalds,sprains.rheumatism,poisonedwounds,ulcers,sore hands,etc.Zam-Bukisobtainableof allchemistsandstoresat1/6and3/6 perpot,

Ifyouhateanother,itisslowsuicide foryourself.

SCTBIACO

ConductedbytheSistersofSi, Joseph. ThisBoardingSchoolissituatedin oneofthemostattractiveandhealthy suburbsofPerth,andcommandsade. liOtfulviewoftheSwanRiverand City.Theviewfromtheupperportion ofthebuildingisoneofthefinestand mostpicturesque,Thegroundsare ample,andwelllaidout. Fordelightfulsituation,beautiful scenery,andhealthyclimate,Mt.St. Joseph'sstandsunrivalled. Thecourseofstudyembracesallthe branchesofathoroughEnglisheducation,Mathematics,Elocution,Physical

SouthPerth. Telephone,U9. Write

GraveScandalinMelbourne

THEEXHIBITIONHOSPITAL: SHOCKINGREVELATIONS.

Afewweeksago,saysthe"Catholic Press,"wepublishedthecorrespondencebetweenArchbishopMannixand Mr.Bowser,theVictorianMinisterfor Health,regardingtheExhibition Hospital,Melbourne.TheArchbishop itmayberemembered,had,onbehalfoftheSistersofCharityofSt. Vincent's,offeredtotakechargeofthe hospital,andprovideastaffofSisters andwardsmen,whowouldgivetheir serviceswithoutremuneration;andthe Governmenthadgratefullyaccepted theoffer.WhentheRev.Mother,accordingtotheofficialarrangement, wenttothehospital,thematronrefusedtoreceiveher.Thematron's casewastakenupbytheOrangemen, whoheldProtestantindignationmeetings,withtheresultthattheGovernmentsurrenderedbeforethesectarian storm.Wewereassuredthatunder theexistingarrangementthehospital wassplendidlymanaged.

TheAllegations"HardlyPrintable." ThesequelistoldintheMelbourne papers.The"Age,"ofMarch20,discussingtheprogressofthepandemic, says: "Thepresentformofcentralisation ..doesnotappeartobegivingsatis. faction.TheExhibitionBuilding hospitalisadmittedlyunsuitable. Apartfromthisaspect,theadrnin istrationofthishospitalhasbeen thesubjectofsomegraveallegations oflate,someofwhicharehardly printable,butthewholeofwhich wouldseemtostandinneedof promptinvestigationandrectificationifapublicscandalistobe avoided.Thenumberofpatients concentratedhere,itispointedout, isgrowingeveryday,andnothing shortofthemostexpertadministra. tionandfullestequipmentwillsuf fice."

TheMelbourne"Herald"says: Allegationsofaseriousnaturehave beenmadeagainstthemanagementof theExhibitionHospital,andDr.E. Robertson,chairmanoftheBoardof Health,hascalledforareportfrom Dr.H,F.Wickens,theMedicalSuperintendent.Inregardtothoseofa moreseriouscharacter,Dr.Wickens statedthattherewasnofoundationfor thecharges.The byDr.Robertsonwere:

(1'Thatthenursesareoverwork edandcannotgivepatientsthenec essaryattention.

(2)Themaleemployeesareofa rough,swearing,uncouthtype.

(1)Theorganisationwassuch thatdeath-bedscenesoccurredinthe presenceofotherpatients.

(4)Patientsbaddoneforsufferers whatshouldhavebeendonebythe employees.

"Frivolous"Indeed.

TheMelbourne"Age"says:"The needofanup-to-datecentralhospital isrecognisedbythehealthauthorities, anddoubtlesssomeeffortwillbemade nextweektoremedythepresentposition.ThereportsreceivedbyDr. Robertsonfromthesuperintendentand matronoftheExhibitionBuildingHospitalaresomewhatcontradictoryand inconclusive,buttheymoreorfees substantiatethecomplaintsmadethat theExhibitionBuildingisunsuitable forthepurposesofacentralhospital, andthattheadministrationiscapable ofimprovement.Inrelationtothe complaintthatthenursesareoverworked,andthusnotabletogivethe necessaryattentiontopatients,the medicalsuperintendentexpressesthe opinionthatthecomplaintis'frivol. ous;'butheadds:'justatpresent. whenover20ofournursingstaffare ill,thereismoreworkfortheactive nursesthanIthinkadvisable.'

AnExtraordinaryReflection. "Respectingthecomplaintthatthe maleemployeesarerough-mannered andindulgeindispleasinglanguage.

Dr.Wickenmakesthesomewhatextraordinaryreflection:'InmyexperienceallAustraliansarerough-manneredandusedispleasinglanguageagood deal,especiallyintheclassprocurable asorderliesinaninstitutionlikethis.' Dr.Wickensthenproceedstostate thathehasnotnoticedanyinstancesof anorderlyspeakingtoapatientinany waytowhichonecouldtakeexception.Thehospital,however.Dr Wickensadds,hasaccommodated numerousdeliriouspatients,who.generallyindulgeinthemostviolent'tan. guage,whichcanbeheardeverywhere. owingtotheconstructionofthebuilding.'Also'variousmalepatients. withoutbeingdelirious,useveryViolentlanguagetothenursingstaff.and oneortwohavehadtobesp.,ken tofirmly themedicalstaff.'

TheDying.

'absolutelyuntrue,'whilstthesuperintendentstatesthatsuchscenesare 'absolutelyunavoidable,'butthatthe dyingcasesarescreenedoff.Dr.Wickensdescribesas'whollynonsense'the complaintsthatpatientshavehadto doforotherpatientswhatthenursingororderlystaffshouldhavedone aspartoftheordinaryroutineofthe hospital,andhethenadds:'Somepatientshaveattimesattemptedtodo thingsforotherswhichhavenot beenordered,andthesepatientshave beentoldtodesist.'Otherwise,Dr. Wickensexplains,alittlelightworkis donebyconvalescentsforotherpatients,suchascarryingmeals,etc.

"Thecomplaintmade,however,was thatpatientshadhadtoperform,for humanity'ssake,sanitarydutiesior otherpatientsthatshouldhavebeen donebythestaff.Thematron'sreport,whichisbrief,showsadispositiontogivetheBoardorDepartments ofHealth'onetogoonwith.'The matronsuggeststhathadshebeenallowedtochooseherownpartlytrainednurses(sentfromotherhospitals) thingsmighthavebeendifferent.Also, thematronremarksthatsincethehospitalceasedtogetitshospitalsupplies throughtheRedCross,'ourworkhere isineverywayheldup.'Altogether,therefore,itwillbeseenthat thereareabundantadmissionsmade andimpliedinthereporttojustifyan immediatereviewofthepresentcentralhospitalarrangements,whoseefficiencyitisrecognisedmustnotbe opentoamoment'sdoubtinviewof theconcentrationofpatientsnowproceeding."

TheTriumphofBigotry. Commentisalmostunnecessary.it iseasytopicturetheghoulishconditionoftheExhibitionHospital,asa resultofthetriumphoftheMelbourne sectarian-mongers.Whilebigotryachievedavictory.thepoorsufferersof thedreadfulpandemicarepayingthe pricewiththeirlives.Everyoneknows thatiftheself-sacrificingofferofthe SistersofCharityhadbeenaccepted. thesethingswouldnothavehappened. TheExhibitionHospitalwouldnowbe onalevelwithSt.Vincent'sHospital, whichisadmittedlyoneofthebestmanagedinstitutionsinAustralia.

ArchbishopMannix

WhatTheyThinkofHiminIreland. Sir,-Includedinthedamagedmail recentlydeliveredinMelbourne,wasa letterfromIreland.Afterreviewing thepoliticalsituation,thewritermentionsanincidentwhich,Ithink,is worthyofreproductioninthe"Press." InreferringtoameetingheldinMansionHouse(October291,hewrites: ". AtonceDr.Mannix'sname wasmentionedwhatascene! I shallneverforgetit.Thewhole audience-thepickofIreland--arose totheirfeet;menofEasterWeek. menjustOutofprison,priestsold andyoung,widowsofmenexecuted aftertherebellion.Fancyallthis joinedinonechorusofapplause. OnewouldhavethoughtthatDr. MannixhadjustenteredtheRound RoomoftheMansionHouse." This.Iamsure,betokenstheroyal welcomewhichwillbegivenwhenhis Gracerevisitshishomeland.-Yours. etc., P.M.FITZGERALD.

Victoria.

ThelateFrederickC.Sweeney

WritingtoMissSweeney,inEngland,sisterofthelatePrivateFred Sweeney,ofHighgate,whowaskilled inactioninFrancelastyear,ChaplainCaptainT.J.O'Donnellexpressesthe followingsentimentsinregardtothe deceasedsoldier: "11th.Battalion,A.I.F.,France, "Decemberll,191S.

sacrificefortheright.Greaterlove nomancanshowthantolaydown hislifeforhisfriends,andyourbrotherhasgivenhisforusallthatwe mightbefree.Ihaveremembered him,anddosodaily,intheHolyMass. Iamsureinreturnhewillprayforus thatwemaybeabletofightourbattleswellandgainthecrown.After allafewyearsoflifearenotmuch. Themainthingistoliveanddiewell. Thisyourdearbrotherhasdone,and Godwillrewardhim.Onceagain,iferingyouallmysincerestsympatl.y inyourgreatsorrow.-Yours,etc., "(Sgd.)T.J.O'DONNELL,Capt., "R.C.Chaplain,3rd.Brigade." Accompanyingtheletterwasanumberofverses,writtenbyFatherO'Donnell,anddedicatedtothememory ofPrivateSweeney,andentitled"An AustralianCemeteryinFrance."

TheOliveGarden

JustbeyondtheKedronriver, Withitsturbidwatersdark, OlivesinthemoonlightshiverTwistedtrunks,andwrinkledbarkAllisstill-nosoundisbreathed Inthathillsidegardenold, Savethenight-windthroughthe wreathed Olivebranches-and'tiscold. We,throughfitfulshadowspeering. FourmenthereseesadlygoAndwithinalittleclearing, Farasoneastonemightthrow, Fromtherest,theforemostweeping, Solemnlykneelsdowntopray: Threesleep,whoshouldwatchbe keeping

Fortheclaimofthatdreadday

Hark,theprayer!"fullofsorrow

Ismysoul,e'enuntodeath: Forethoughtsoftheawfulmorrow Castmedownwithgaspingbreath: Father,passthisbitterchalice Fromme,forthedraughtI'dshun; But,ifallitsvenomedmalice Imustdrink-Thywillbedone."

Thrice,inagonyincreasing, Utterslietheself-sameprayer, Whileachillysweatunceasing TricklesfromIlimprostratethere; Grassandflow'rsaroundshowredly Inthatthicklyfallingflood; Memberswritheintormentdeadly. For,0,God!hissweatisblood! Swordsandclubswithtumultwielding, Nowamobhasreachedthespot, Andsurroundthevictimyielding-AttheirheadIscariotWhotothemasignhasgiven:-"TakeandbindwhomIshallkiss"Christ'stothisworstinsultdriven-Athislipsaviper'shiss.

RoughhandsdragHimweakand wasted, Likeafelonfronttheplace. WherethepangsofdeathHe'stastedWhythisanguishanddisgrace?

Ah.theCrossandthorn-crownsmarting, HeavilyuponIIimweigh. AndHefeelswithshudderstarting Leadenthongshisshouldersflay.

But,beyondallthesedistresses Thatsopoignantlyliefeels. Deepersadnessstilloppresses, Foravisiongrimreveals Allthesorrowandthesinning Throughthedismalagesknown, Fromtheendtothebeginning, Forwhichliemustnowatone.

So.hottearsoftruerepentance Shouldbyallofusbeshed, Fortheinsultsandthesentence PassedonHimwhoforusbled: Wewerethere,too,withtheothersWiththeGentileandtheJewIntheircruelwork,mybrothers, Weweresharers-Iandyou. -T.B.Fenelon.

MidlandJunction

councillors,whichwillprobablybe heldaboutthesecondSundayofnext month,isarousingmuchinterestamongstthemembers.

Greatexcitementisprevailingin quiteanumberofhomesintheparish overthereturnofsonsandbrothers andotherrepresentativesofthefarniliesfromthefieldsofbattlethisweek.

Prisonersofwarfrom,Germanyand Turkeyareincludedinthelist,so thatsomeinterestingaccountsoftheir experiencesarebeingeagerlylooked forwardto.

ThefriendsoftheVeryRev.De-in Kielyonthegoldfieldswillbeinterestedtolearnthatsincehisarrivalin thispartoftheworldhehasbecome quiteanadeptatmotoring.

Watchthenextissueofthispaper forparticularsofthenovelentertainmentbeingorganisedtoaidthefunds oftheChildrenofMary'sStall.There isgoingtobenoendoffun,sodon't forget.

TheMarieNeySeason

AtHisMajesty'sTheatreto-morrow (Saturday)night,MissMarieNey,the brilliantyoungactress,whorecently scoredbigsuccessesatthePalaceTheatre,Sydney,willopenaPerthseason ofpopularhigh-classdramaticand comedyhitsfromtheLondonandNew Yorkstage,withthegreatPinero's master-drama,"TheProfligate." "TheProfligate"isrecognisedasone ofthegreatestplaysofthemodern theatricalage.Itdealswithatense themeinapowerfulmanner.Ithad atwo-years'runinLondon,andtwenty monthsinNewYork.anditsphenomenalsuccesssetthehall-markoffame uponitsnowfamousauthor,Pinero. WiththeexceptionofGoodFriday night,"TheProfligate"willberepeated everyeveningnextweek,whileon Saturdaythecompanywillproduceas anEasterattraction"TheGayLord Quex." Theprincipalrolesduringthecompany'sstayinPerthareinthehands ofMissNeyandMr.WalterHunt,an actoralreadyknowntoPerthplaygoers,andwhooccupiesprominent rankintheAustralasianstageworld. Theywillbesupportedbyatalented combinationofwell-knownartists,includingMissEstherMitchell,whotook animportantroleinTait's"Turnto theRight"companywhichvisited Perthaboutayearago;MissAthena Claudius,amemberoftheoriginal "TheProfligate"castatSt.James', London;MissMabelGoWer,lateof "Pego'MyHeart"andtheRoyalDramaticCompany;Mr.PlumptonWilson,acleveractor,whohasachieved bigsuccesseswhereverhehasplayed; Mr.RegConrad,atalentedlight comedian,introducedintoAustralia byJuliusKnight;HarcourtHare. whoserecentachievementsinthe. EasternStateshavewonhimmuchrenown,andothers.Theboxplanfor "TheProfligate"isatNicholson's,

Acknowledgments

Mr.M.O'Reilly,Perth,15/3.

MissGallagher,VictoriaPark.36.

Mrs,A.C.Foley,Coolup,5s.

Mr.Fox,Coomberdale,6/6.

Mr.P.J.Kelly,Yornanning,6/6.

Mr.T.Busher,sear.,Dardanup,6/6.

VeryRev.FatherDonogher, goodie(BoulderChurchsalesto:Nth. February).£14. Cathedral,£119s3d.

St.Patrick's,WestPerth,5s.

Mrs.J.O'Connor,Fremantle,11/6.

VeryRev.FatherSheridan,Boulder (Churchsales), 10s. LoretoConvent,Perth,11/6.

Mrs.D.O'Neill.Subiaco,11/6.

Mrs.P.Barron,Subiaco,11/6.

SouthPerthChurchsales,15/6.

Mrs.Field,Westonia,7s.

Rev.FatherCrowley,Highgate (Churchsales,perMasterChipper),r2 16s9d. MissMcDonnell.Leederville.3/3.

"Inrtlati.intothecomplaintsthat death-bedscenesarevirtuallypublic thematronandthemedicalsuperintendentofferopposin;:opinions.The -matronstatesthatsuchstatement,.are

"MydearMissSweeney,-Youwill excusemefordelayingsolongtoarsweryourletterwithreferencetovcur dearbrother.Wehavebeenmoving aboutsomuchlatelythatitv;isacs tooeasytoobtainthefullestparticalars.YourbrotherwasinthebAttle ofLihonsonAugust10th.andwa goingforwardwiththeothermenof thebattalion,whenhewasstruckbya machinegunbullet,anddiedatonce withoutpain.Iledidnotsayany thingashewaskilledinstantly. ilferyouandhissistersmysincerest sympathy.Hewasasplendidfe:tv. goodcompanion,afinesoldier. and.aboveall,agoodCatholic,'and attendedtotheSacraments.lieWa,i hurledatLihons,andacrosshasbe,n pacedoverhi'grave. Iquiteunder-ziindyourgriefandconcern.But v.-eep!wt. bet,ertiffandGod willbegoodtohimwhohasmadethis

Awell-attendedmeetingofthebazaarcommitteewasheldonSunday evening,VeryRev.DeanKielypresiding.AstheR.S.A.isconductingan appealthroughoutthismonth,itwas consideredunwisetoholdthefunction duringEasterweek,aspreviouslyarranged.andsoclashwithotherattractions.Afterseveraldateshad beenconsidered,itwasfinallydecided thattheweekcommencingMay5th. wouldbethemostsuitable.Meanwhile,thedifferentstall-holdersare busywiththefinalarrangementsfor theirrespectivestalls,andMrs.Swan andherco-workersareholdinga euchrepartyanddanceintheMidland TownHallonMondaynext.the14th. inst.Wesincerelyhopethatavery largenumberofcardplayersand dancerswillpatronisetheentertainment,andhelptomakeitagrand success.

Theusualmonthlymeetingofthe ChildrenofMarytookplaceonSundaylast,andtheattendancewassomewhatlargerthanhasbeenthecase lately.Theelectionofofficersand

Mr.Delaney,Perth,6/6.

MissHoward,Beenup,3/3.

Mrs.W.L.Marsh,Bunbury.

W,SHEEHAN

PRIMEBUTBUT0111111. HannanandMaritimeStreets, ILALGOORLIZ. Phone488.and'Phone474.

THEPALACEHOTEL, f<!.'GEORGE'STERRACE,PERTH, W.A.

ThePALACEissituatedinamost resumingposition,closetoBanksand CommercialHouses,andTheatres,and islargelypatronisedbytheprincipal ?wirersandGraziersintheState

(rY3v.,'RATETARIFF

T.J.GLOWZRY,Proprietor.

COMMERCIAL HOTEL

HANNANSTREIT,KALGOORLIE. EverythingoftheBest. GoodAccommodation. ChargesModerate.

J.RILEY,Proprietor

'Phone141

JAMESSHEAHAN

GENERALSTOREKEEPER.

WINEANDSPIRITMERCHANT. PiesseSt.,Boulder ForChoicestQualeyOnlyCalland InspectourUndergroundDairy ProduceDepartment

AmeetingoftheKnightsofthe BlessedSacramentwasheldonThursday,the27thult.,afairnumberbeing present.Cr.McGurandeliveredan address,whichinterestedtheboys completely."Duty"wasthesubject thespeakerchoose,anditwasquite suitablefortheoccasion.Abrief outlineisasfollows:Whatisduty? Herethespeakerrelatedthestoryof "theboystoodontheburningdeck," andexplainedhowthecaptain'sson hadbeeninstructedbyhisfatherto keepwatchatagivenpositionaboard ship.Eventuallytheshipcaughtfire. andintherushforlifetheladwas forgottenandperishedinthefirewhile doinghisduty.Thestorythusmeaningthattheboy,ratherthandisobey orlackincouragetodohisduty,died. Thismeansthatifanyperson,whether youngorold.wasnotcapableofcarryingoutthedutyentrustedtothem,no matterhowsmallitmaybe,theywere noteligibletoholdanyimportant positioninlife.Ilesaid,asKnights. theyhadmadeasolemnpromiseto JesusintheBlessedSacramentthat theywouldreceiveHimintotheirsoul atleastonceeveryweek,andifthey, withoutaveryseriousexcuse,failedto fulfiltheirpromisetheywerenotworthyofbeingKnights.Thespeaker urgedthememberstoreadsomeof thegreatworksofShakespeare,Dickens,etc.Thesegreatwriterswere inspiredwiththebeautyofheaven. Cant,whowasagreatwriter,wasan Atheist,andtriedtodenytheexistenceofOurLord,buttherewassomethingbehindhim,andattheword dutyhealwaysstumbled,andfinally bythissimplelittlewordhewasconverted,anddiedafaithfulfollowerof JesusChrist.Afterhisconversionhe spokethesebeautifulwords:"Duty! Wondrousthoughtthatworkest neitherbyfondinsinuationorflattery. norbyanythreatbutmerelybyholdingupthynakedlawinthesoul,and soextortingforthyselfalwaysreverence,ifnotalwaysobedience,before whomallappetitesaredumb,howeversecretlytheyrebel,whencethe origin?"

Wehaveatthepresenttime,continuedthespeaker,Dr.Mannixasan exampleofamanwhohasfaithfully donehisdutytohisChurchandcourt tryincheckingtheonrushofsectarianismfromspoilingourfairland.The KnightsoftheBlessedSacramenthad nothingtobeashamedof,andshould beproudtobemembersofthisbeautifulsociety.

MasterAubreyHurtmovedavoteof thankstothespeaker,whichwassecondedbyMasterParry.Themeetingthenclosed.TheKnightsareremindedthatnextSundaywillbethe Communionday,andagoodattend. nnceisrequested

Mingenew

(ChairmanIrwinRoad,Boardi.and E.A.Field(ChairmanUpperIrwin RoadsBoard)RI.P Inanappreciativereferencetothe deceased,Mr.L.C.Burges,sena,of Oaklands,writes:"Hisfatherlived aboutthreemilesfromwhereIlived atHomeinFethard,Co.Tipperary.He wasoftherealtypeofoldIrishsquire, andlivedataplacecalled'Groan,' oneofthemostdelightfullookingold Swiss:mansionsintheSouthofIreland.Theoldgentleman,Mr.R O'Halloran,wasthepersonificationof neatness,andlookedasifheneverhad aspeckorspotofdustonhim.He heldamultitudeofpublicoffices.such ascollectorofratesandtaxes,memberofTownCouncilandBoardof Guardians,andsecretarytoalotof societies,positionswhichhefilledwith creditandsatisfaction.Whenever anyonewasintroubleorwantedatrue friend,theyinvariablywenttoMr O'Halloranforhelp."

Obituary

MRS.ADAMSON.

Afteranillnessextendingover eightmonths,Mrs.SarahAdamson, wifeofMr.SamuelAdamson,ofthe PublicBuildings,Geraldton,passed awayonFridayevening,28th.ult.,at nineo'clock,atthecomparativelyearly ageof46years.Itwasnotuntila fewweeksagothatMrs.Adamson'sindispositiontookaseriousturn,when itwasdeemedadvisablebyherhiss bandtosendhertoSt.JohnofGod Hospital,Subiaco,fortreatment.There couldbelittlehope,however,ofrelief fromtheterriblemaladyofcancer fromwhichshesuffered,andthepatientreturnedtoherhomebythepreviousFridaymorning'strain,onlyto liveafewhoursafterwards.Mrs.Adamson'sdeathisdeeplyregretted,not onlybythosewhowerenearestand dearesttoher,butbyahostof friends.ThefuneraltookplaceonSaturday,theremainsbeinginterredin theCatholiccemetery,theRev.Father Mastertonofficiating.ThechiefmournerswereMr.SamuelAdamson(bus. band),andMasterRobertAdamson (son).Messrs.V.Johnson,J.McCarthy,W.Keeley,andM.McDonaldwere thepall-bearers.Oursinceresympathy isextendedtothebereavedhusband andsonintheirsadaffliction.RIP

THELATEMR.JOHNCAREY.

Mr.C.W.O'Halloran.anoldand verymuchrespectedresidentofMinginewdistrict,diedathisresidenceat WhiteHill,verysuddenlyonFriday, March28th.Mr.O'Halloranhadonly returnedfromPerththepreviousWednesdayevening,lookingwellandin splendidspirits,leavingforhishomesteadonThursdaymorning.His deathoccurredatnoonthefollowing day.fiewastohavebeenmarriedin afewweeks,thefurniturearrivingat thehomesteadacoupleofweeksago. DeceasedwasborninIreland.was63 yearsofage,andcametoWesternAustraliatojointhelateMr.Francis Burges,attheIrwin,intheeighties. FromthencehewaswithMessrs.ClarenceBros..Mibbianstation,Gascoyne, andafterwards,forsomeyears,was:n businessatPeakHill.About20 yearsagoheagainjoinedtheIrwin estate,fromwhencehebuiltuphisprewilthomeatWhiteHill,wherehehas residedforsomeyears.Hewasa staunchsupporterofsport,agenerous donortolaudableobjects,afriendto everyone,ofakindlydispositioa,and everreadywithsympatheticeartotstentothepleaofthesupplicant,and possessedofagoodnaturemadetobe imposedupon.Hisonlyrelativein theStateisMr.JohnO'Halloran,managerofMountAugustastation. Thefuneraltookplaceonthe30th. ult.,thecortegeInovingfrom theCatholicChurch,theremainsbeingtakentotheCatholicportionofthe cemeteryinthe:leers,.kindlylentby hismanysympatheticiriendsofDon. garra.Fourmotorcarsand33vehicle:,formedthecortege.Manyfriends travelledfromlongdistancestopaytheirlasttributeofrespect,manifestingtheirhighappreciationoftheLet, Mr.O'Halloranandthehighesteem inwhichhewasheld.Lettersalai telegramsofcondolencewerereceived fromallpartsoftheState.Thehurls: servicewasconductedbytheRev. FatherSermon.Thepall-bearerswere Messrs.E.LeeSteere.H.J.LeeSteere. D.Macpherson,S.F.Moore.Everard Darlot.I. Burgess.W.BMitchel?

ThefuneralofthelateMr.John Carey,of472High-street,Fremantle, tookplaceonWednesdayafternoon, April2.Thedeceasedwasaveryold andmuch-esteemedresidentofFremantle.Hehadattainedtheripeage of78years.Heleavesawidowand family-Mrs.JuliaCarey,Thomas, Howard,LanceandPhil(onactive service),Frank,Gerald,Morris,Beinice,andCatherine-tomourntheloss ofabelovedfather.Thefuneralcortege,afterleavinghisprivateresidence,proceededtoSt.Patrick's Church,wheretheRev.FatherCallan conductedportionoftheburialservice:thenceitmovedtotheCatholic portionoftheFremantleCemetery, wheretheremainswerelaidtore-: FatherCallanreadtheprayersatthe grave.Alargeandrepresentative gatheringofthechurchandcitizens wasinattendancetopaytheirlast tributeofesteemandrespecttothe deceased.Amongstthosepresentt followingareafewofthenames. Coffin-bearers:Messrs.W.Hoey, Foley,N.Townsend,W.Carrington Pall-bearers:Messrs.J.Monaghan(representingIrishNationalAssociation), L.Fitzgerald,C.Weaver(representing CatholicMen'sSociety),B.MnClosky, M.Cullity(representingH.A.C.B.Society),J.Healy(IrishNationalFor. esters);alsoMessrs.J.Brady,J.Leen. J.J.Fitzgerald(representingSt.VincentdePaul'sSociety),ChiefOfficerC R.V.Collett,Reid(thenavyl,Mr.W. V.Murphy(Customs),L.V.O'Hara.J. Farrell,A.E.Kilminster,E.C.Cu. wens,Sharp(produceaierchants), MessPs.P.J.HevronandA.Thomp-

(MasterCarriers'Association)

AChapterofIrishHistory

(ByTerenceO'Hanlon,

Thedawnofthe18th.century foundIrelandenslaved.Successive plantationsandconfiscationssincethe reignofJames1.hadtransferredall thelandofthecountrytothepossessionofstrangersinraceandcreed. Feudaltenureshadreplacedthenative system,andtherightfulownersofthe soilwerereducedtotenants-at-will,and deprivedof-thelastvestigeofsecurity intheirholdings.Furthermore,the stapleindustryprovidingemploymens forthemassesofthecitiesandtowns, hadjustbeendonetodeath.AnAct excludingCatholics-thenasnowthe overwhelmingproportionofthepopitlation--fromdirectrepresentationin theIrishParliamenthadpavedthe wayforthePenalLawsoflateron.

inthe"IrishRosary.") greatamountofleisuretimeonthe people'shandsleftthemlazy.Macauley'sexplanationwasmoretothe point,thoughnotinthesensemeant bythehistorian.liethoughtthe IrishwereidlebecausetheywereCatholics,andusedtheconditionofIrelandinthe18th.centuryasaterrible exampleofthestatetowhichCatholicismcouldreduceacountry.They wereidle,inthewordsofMr.O'Brien, becausethewholespiritofthePenal LawswastokeepCatholicsidleand poor.

Drunkenness-Absenteeism.

Thereisnosatisfactoryestimateof thenumberofpeoplelivinginIreland then.Thisauthorcautiouslysuggeststhefiguretohavebeensome xhercbetweenoneandtwomillion souls.Bethatasitmay,thepopulation,inspiteoftheimpoverished conditionotthepeople,anuooeconstantdrainbyemigration,and,ina lesserdegree,byfamineandenlistment,continuedsteadilyontherise. Duringthegreaterpartofthecentury therewasnomiddleclassinIreland. Thepopulationwassharplydivided betweenrichandpoor--betweena pamperedProtestantminorityandthe oppressedCatholicmultitude,forthe mostpartclingingtolifeonadietof potatoesandbuttermilk. Toolittleisknowngenerallyofthe purelyeconomicaspectofthePenal Laws.Whileeveryoneofthosedreadfulenactmentshadimportanteconomiceffects,someactedmoredirectly ontheindustriallifeofthenationthan others.Mr.O'Brienreproducesthe textoftheActsaimedagainsttheacquisitionofpropertybyCatholics,and thosewhichexcludedCatholicsfrom earningtheirlivingatcertainoccupations.ThefirstgroupdebarredmembersoftheancientFaithfromobtaininganypermanentorevenlengthy interestin-thelandoftheirfathers; whileitsgeneraltendencywastovest eventuallytheirdiminishedinterests inProtestants.Thesecondgroup closedall-thebetter-classemployments toCatholics,andapparentlysomeot thepooreronesaswell.CertainDublinpapistshadoncetheaudacitytoattemptearningtheirbreadascoalheaversatthedocks.Apetitionwas LaidbeforetheHouseofCommonsin consequence!

rhoUedaofPenalLaws.

Eventhestatuteswhichdidnot dealdirectlywitheconomicconditions hadabanefuleffectontheeconomic lifeofthecommunity."Thevoluminouscode"(saysMr.O'Brien,inhisexcellentnewbook,"TheEconomicHistoryofIrelandinthe18th.Century," directedagainsttheeducationofthe Catholicsmustbyitsnaturehavekept theIrishpeopleignorant;thelaws whichprohibitedthemfromexercisingthecivicfunctionsaseotersand jurymenmust,tosomeextent,have atrophiedthosefunctions;thelaws whichprohibitedthemfrontbeinget dierseorsailorsmusthavesapped someoftheirmartialspirit;and lawswhichmadetheexerciseoftheir religionacrime,andwhichrendered priest-huntingaprofitableoccupation, musthavetendedtomakethepeople secretive,suspicious,and,possibly,servile."

Astillmoreunpleasantfeatureof Irishlifeinthosedayswastheexcessiveusebyallclassesofstrongdrink. EveryseventhhouseinDublinand thesuburbs,in1791,wasoccupiedin thesaleofspirituousliquors,whilean equalnumberwastobefoundinthe greattowns,"andamuchgreater numberinthevillages."Drunkennessbeingthenregardedasanamiable formofweakness--anotherinstanceof thebrutalisingeffectsofthePena: Laws--whilethegentryandsquireens quaffedtheircupsofFrenchwine,the lowerordersdrownedtheircaresin rawwhiskeyorthestillmorepoisonousproductoftheillicitstills,with whichthecountryteemed,notwithstandingthefactthatthedutyon whiskeyduringthegreaterpartofthe centurywasonlytenpenceagallon.

Ofthemanycruelinfluenceswhich combinedtocrushtheheartofthe Irishtenantofthisperiod,nonewas morevexatiousthantheunjustlaw whichcompelledhimtocontributeto thesupportoftheclergyofachurchto whichhedidnotbelong.Theministersofreligion,whoalonebenefitted bythetithesystem,servedonlyabout one-sixthpartofthepopulation,while theotherfive-sixths,inadditionto payingtithes,wereofnecessityobligedtosupporttheirownpriestsas well.

Toavoidtheworryofhavingthemselvestocollectthisoppressiveexaction,someProtestantrectorsappointedtithe-proctorstoactontheirbehalf;othersrentedtheirtithestotithejobbers,whileathirdmethodwasto "cant'.thetithesofonefarmertoan otherbypublicauction.Anyoneof thesesystemswasobnoxious,butfrom thevictim'spointofview,themost objectionableofthethreewasthe tithe-proctor.EvenFrouderegarded himas"thevilestandmostaccursed ofallthecarrionbirds.thenpreying onthecarcaseoftheIrishpeasant"; whilethecontemporaryEnglishwriter,honestArthurYoung,inhis"Tour inIreland,"declaredthatbygetting intothehandsofaproctorthepoor ruttiergutintothetalonsofavulture; "atthetimeofpaymenthe findsteesumtooexorbitantandhis creditorsinexorable:thepaymentis enforced,perhaps,throughthemedium ofapettycourt,andthecostsandexpensestoofrequentlystriphimtothe skinandturnhimouttonakedness andwant.Hasthepoorwretcha cow,ahorse,orafewsheep?They aresoldforhistithe,andyearsof toilandhonestindustrycannotre placethem."

Mr.O'Brienlays,perhaps,toomuch stressontheextremefacilitywith whichliquorcouldbeprocured,in explaining,andtosomeextentattemptingtojustifytheshockinginstancesofdebaucherywhichhequotes fromcontemporaryauthorities.The vicedidnotapparentlystrike'root untilthecenturyhadreachedits 'twenties,i.e.,untiltheevilresultsof theiniquitouslawsdeprivingthepriest accesstohisflockexceptbystealth. andattheriskofhislife,hadhad timetomakethemselvesmanifest.It reacheditsworststageintheearly 'nineties,when,althoughthepenal codehadbeenpartiallyrelaxedfor someyears,sufficienttimehadnot yetintervenedtoenabletheclergyto removethemoralrustfromthesoulof thenation.Subsequentexperience hasshownthattheappealtothe moral,ratherthantothematerialinstinctsoftheIrishpeople,hasbeen themusteffectiveweaponinthean moura-ofthetemperancecrusader. Itwasduringthiscenturythatthe evilofabsenteeismreachedtheworst phaseofitsdevelopmentinIreland. Mostofthegreatlandlordswereeither menofEnglishbirthorthedescendantsofEnglishadventurers,andtheir interestinIrelandbeganandended withtheamounttheywereableto screwoutoftheircrew-actedtenantry fromyeartoyear.Manyofthem residedaltogetherinEngland:some hadneverevensetfootonIrishsoil. Theseweretheabsentees,whoseestatesweremanagedbylandagents.or 'letoutatlongleasestolocalstotireens ormiddlemen.whocub-lettheholdings atexorbitantrentstotheactualtillersofthesoilattermssoshortasto offerthemnninducementtoimprove theproperty.Onastilllowerplane thanthetenantsteeltheember:or !Maturingman,whosewagesconsisted offourpenceorhvepenceaday,supplementedbyapieceofground,usually anacre,whereonhebuilthiscabin. andfromwhichinhissparetimehe hadtowinenoughpotatoestofeed himselfandhis.family,Wholesale evictionsfromtimetotimeofthecottierclassledtothecreationofyeta lowergradethespalpmi,orrambling labourers,andbeggars.

Itisscarcelytobewonderedatthat the.feelingofinsecurityamongstthe tenantfarmerscheckedtheirindustry andledtoarapiddeclineofagricut. lure.Infactoneoftheimmediate demoralisingconsequenciesofthisoppressivelegislationwas.tomakethe entirecommunitylazy.Unlikese manyotherwriterswhosemistaken senseofsympathywiththeIrishpoor ofthisperiodhascausedthemto stoutlydenythischargeofnational indolence,Mr.O'Brienwiselyadmits it,and,havingquotedcontemporaryauthoritiestoshowhowwidespreadit musthavebeen,proceedstoinquire intotheconditionswhichproducedit. Hehasnodoubtthatanybadtraits whichthepeopleexhibitedwerethe directresultsofoppressionand'Insgovernment.andconcludesthatthe blameattachingtotheseimportantdefectsofindustrialcharactershouldnot beattributedtothosew'nosuffered fromthem,hut.rathertothosewho causedthem.Writerswhostudied thesubjectofIrishidlenessthrough Englishglassescouldnot,ofcourse,be expected-totracetheblametoits propersource.Someoftheirattempts toaccountforitmightalmostproyokeasmile,werenotthegradual weakeningofanation'scharacterinvolved.Forinstance,oneofthem. quotedbytheauthor,suggestedthat theIrishpeoplewerelazybecause theylivedenpotatoes,potatoesbeing suchaneasycroptogrowthatthe

MiddlemenandTithe-Proctors. Themiddlemane.o. unproductive andviciousparasiteNothavingthe interestinthelandresidentlandlord wouldhavehad,hisoneambition]was toextractforhimselfaslargeaprofit aspossibleoutofhisspeculation.With thisobjectinviewheevolvedas<stemoftenureswhichreducedhistenantrytothelevelofRussianserfs,and whicheffectedatthesametimehis owncompletedemoralisation.Itwas theseundesirablestowhomLeekyreferredas"ahybridandambiguous class,withoutanyofthesolid,qualitiesoftheEnglishyeomen,whocombinedtheeducationandmannersof farmerswiththepretensionsofgentlemen,andendeavouredtosupportthese pretensionsbyidleness.extravagance, .:nilostentatiousarrogance!:Menwho inEnglandwouldhavebeenmodest andlaboriousfarmers,inIrelandsublettheirlandatrack-rents,keptmiserablepacksofhalf-starvedhounds, wanderedaboutfromfairtofairand fromracetoraceinlacedcoats, gambling,fighting,drinking,swearing ravishing,andsporting,parading everywheretheircontemptforhonest labour,givingatoneofrecklessaessto everysocietyinwhichtheymeted."

KnifingIrishIndustry.

Itwillberecalledhow,towardsthe closeofthe17thcentury,Williamof Orange,panderingtothecommercial jealousyofEngand.undertookto knifethewoollenindustryofIreland. ForoncehisMajestykepthisword. LegislationwaspassedforthwithrestrainingIrelandfromexportingwools oarwoollengoodstoanypartofthe world,exceptEnglandandWales,from whichplacestheywerealreadyvirtuallyexcludedbydeitiesamountingto aprolobition.Bydestnictionofthe IrishcattletradeinthereignofCharlesII.-anearliersacrificetoEngmonopoly woollenmanufacturebecamethechief industryofthecountry.Theresult ofitssuppressionuponthemultitude wasthereforedisastrous.Millswere shutdownandtensofthousandsleft facetofacewithruinandstarvation. Totogreatextent.howeverandwith grimsatisfactionletitberecalled-thedestruotionbyEnglandofthe Irishwoollenradehadaboomerang effect.ThirtyhousandIrishwoollen workersthusrobbedoftheiremploymentathome,emigratedtotheContinent,workedupthe,industryintoe countrieswheretheysettledtosuchle extentastoenablethemintimeto elbowtheEnglishwoollenmerchant nutoftheContineptalmarket.Even asearlyas173.1anEnglishmansummeduptheconsequencesofthedeclineofthewoollenindustryinIreland,as1,4lows Theemigration of20,01XImanufacturersatoncefrom Ireland;121theirretreatintoforeign countries:(3)theestablishmentthereuponofthewoollenmanufacturein almostallparsofEurope:elltheexportatienofIrishandEnglishwool: andfrothegradualandnotorioustie rayoftheEnglishtradefromthat hour." Ilemighthaveaddedyetanother consequencethephenomenalgrowth ofsmugglingbetweentheIrishand Frenchports.Itwasimpossible,it seems,tomakeclothfromFrench woolwithoutfirstmixingitwitha proportionoftheEnglishDrIrishprodiet.TheEng:ishw.":Franceconld notobtaieasitwasallwantedfor homemanufacture.andtheIrishwool merchantwassupposedbylawtosend hiswoolnowhereexcepttoEngland. Buthedisregardedthatlaw,andfrom ellthecreeksandinletsalongtheIrish seaboardshipsshotoutnetevery tideladenwithcontrabandcargoesfor France.Neverbefore,andseldom since,hadtheentirenationbeenso unitedforthefulfilmentofacommon purpose.highandlute,colonistand native,combinedinanorganisedconspiracytobreakthelaw.Theenormousextenttowhichthisillicit-trafficwascarriedonisshownbythis simpleincident.Atfirstthesmugglersbroughtbackpaymentfortheir woolinhardcash.Afterafewyears, however,theFrenchGovernmentbecamealarmedattheabnormalamount ofbullionleavingtheircountry,and passedalawforbiddingtheexportof somuchgoldandsilver.Thereaftar 'theIrishtraderswerepaidinkind, thequidproquousuallytakingthe formofwinesandsilks.

misedtoencouragethelinenindustry instead.Thatistosay,inreturnfor thedestructionofthechiefindustryof thecountryhewouldgiveIrelanda tradeshealreadypossessed,atracle infact,thathadbeeninexistenceforseveralcenturies,and towhichthearrivaloftheHugenotrefugeestowardsthecloseofthe17th centuryhadgivenanenormousfillip, Itwaslargelyowingtotheeffortsof theseimmigrantsthatthelinentrade ofUlstersubsequentlybecamesopn.:: perous.For.-incommonwithnearly all-theothersurvivingmnanufacturee, linen-weavinginIrelandreceivedmany astealthythrustandopenblowfrom Englishjealousy,besidesbeingsubject todisastrousfluctuations.TheIreIi glassindustrywascrippledwithrestraints.Disablingdutiescrushedtte lifeoutofthehempenmanufacture, whichatonetimehadsuppliedthe entireBritishnavywithsail-cloth; whileIrishfisherswereforbiddenby lawtocasttheirnetsincertainspec] fledwaters. se Yet,alltheinjuriesinflictedbyE:, landuponthetradeofIrelandattiie time,nomorecrushedthespiritofelterpriseoutofthepeoplethandidfee PenalCodetheirFaith.Drivenfroet onebranchofindustry,theyturnedto somethingelse,untilatlengththe dawnoflegislativeindependenceput anend,forthetimebeingatall events,toanyfurtherinterferenceon thepartofourselfishneighbours.Mr. O'Briendevotesmanypagestoaee tailedaccountoftheprogressof Ji industryduringtheperiodofUrattai Parliament.Hereinheshowshowt! exportofrawwooltotallyceasedu' derfreetradeconditions,andthatt: woollenmanufactureshowedsignsel re-attainingitsoldprosperity;thattle cottonmanufacturegrewatarapid pace,andinafewyearsattainedcor siderabledimensions;thattheprogressofthelinenmanufacturewasen interrupted:thatthebrewingindtetrywasreestablishedinIreland,without,however,inanywayinjuringthe distilleries;andthattheglassmar:er facturebecameaseriousrivaltotire elEngland.Severalsmallerniche: triesalsomademarkedprogress,atd !Alandgavepromiseofbeingablestl..1: tosupplyherselfwithmostoftheconmoditieswhichshehadprevious..? beenobligedtoimport.England. however,"jealousofIreland'sneafoundprosperity,"determinedonce moretoassumecontrolof!HellatiTai?i, ThencametheUnion.

Inpassinghisdeathsentenceonthe Irishwoollentrade,KingWilliampru-

BooAutumn-WinterShow.

THEREISQUITEANEXCEPTIONALARRAYOFBEAUTYINNEWAUTUMN-WINTERWEARAT OANSGRANDNEWSEASON'SDISPLAY.BOANSARESHOWINGDISTINCTIVEGOWNSAND STUMESCHARACTERISTICOFTHEBESTFEATURESOFTHECURRENTFASHIONS.

THESENEWSEASON'SMODES,EXQUISITEINCOLOURING,CUTANDDESIGN.WILLPROVEIR

13 RESISTIBLETOTHEMOSTCAREFULANDFASTIDIOUS.INEVERYDEPARTMENTOFOURMAM MOTHEMPORIUMWEAREDISPLAYINGSOMEDELIGHTFULLYDAINTYANDEXCLUSIVEDESIGNS INNEWAUTUMNNOVELTIES,INCLUDINGWONDERFULMILLINERYCREATIONS,BLOUSESOF BEAUTY.DELICATELINGERIEANDCHOICENECKWEAR.THEREAREHUNDREDSOFMODELS OFELEGANCEANDGRACE.FORSMARTNESSANDVALUETHESEGOODSAREABSOLUTELY ,411RPASSED.

BOANSLIMITED

UniversalProviders

WELLINGTONandMURRAYSTREETS,PERTH

Cricket (By"Wattle.-, BowlingandBattingAverages. Belowwillbefoundthebowlingand battingaveragesoftheplayersinthe WA.C.A.games:NorthPerth. Batting. I.R.H.S.N.O.Av.

Christian,A 1047396 152.5

Evans,A 720466-29.1

Randell.A. 10228101*125.3

Fergie.R... 4 6137* 120.3

Shattleworth,J.

F.77659 10.8

Je,'"inson,11 66219--10.3

Bandy,R. 65316 8.8 lkerdeII.74513 6.4 Bowling. 0.M.R.W.Av.

Sn.rttleworthJ.50.12081194.2

Bandy,R. 53.511176257.04

CHstian.A. 75.710266357.6

Buttsworth,F.98.615347359.9

Evans,A. 27.5690811.2

Subiaco-Leederville. Batting.

I.R.H.S.N.O.Av.

1142969353.6

515667252.

SeniorMattingAssociation. Thesemi-finalmatchbetweenthe C.Y.M.S.andAustralswasconcluded onWellingtonSquareonSaturday last,whentheC.Y.M.S.wonsomewhateasily.Thescoreswere:--Australs,92andsixfor77:C.Y.M.S.,190. Theprincipalscorersforthelatter wereO'Brien,whorattledup51in quicktime,andgavehisbestexhibitionfortheseason;Minihan,whois perhapsthebestbatsmanplayingin. thecompetitiongaveafinedisplayof battingfor50.whileOutridge20, Hughes16,CampbellILLeahy15not out,andRaphael10alsobattedsoundly.TheC.Y.M.S.willmeetBurns. Philipto-daytoplayoffthefinal,and thewinnerswillhavetoplayAustrals. whoareminorpremiers,forthepremiership.Inthedressingroomat theconclusionofthematchlastSaturday,Mr.J.Minihan,onbehalfof theC.Y.M.S.team,tookoccasiontosay farewelltoMr.L.Watts,astaunch memberoftheclub,whoplayedhis lastgamefortheseasononSaturday. Indoingsohereferredtothehighesteeminwhichhiscomradesheldhim, andexpressedthehopethathissojourninhisnewspherewouldbea happyandprosperousone.Lealeft forDerbyduringtheweek.Hewill besadlymissedinthefinalmatches. ashewasoneofthemostsuccessful bowlersintheteam.

ThetopmostFinnicoftheLoftier! Heights, UNIONBEER

"DearFriend,-Justafewlinesto saythatIforwardedyouafewdays agosomeinterestingclippings.Ireland isthecentreofattractionjustnow. andthat,togetherwiththeindustrial unrest,whichisextendingtothepolice force,welltheToryGovernmenthas itshandsfullnow.EventheNorthcliffepressisopposedtothem.and Chamberlainhasearnedtheodiumof theStockExchangealready.When Iwasonsickleavewecrossedfrom GlasgowtoBelfast.andthenceto Dublin.WewereattheDublinMansionHouseontheeveningofDecember22nd,whenthelargestmeetingI everwitnessedinanypartoftheworld tookplace--theinvitationtoPresidentWilson.Americanofficersand menwereontheplatform,andanincidentoccurredwhichsomeoftheallegedloyalistshavefailedtochronicle.Asamixedsquadofusmade upofAussies,Canadians,NewZealand. ersandSouthAfricans,wereleaving thehall,thehugeoverflowgathering outsidecheeredforAussieandallthe ColonialandAmericanmen.Since thenIhavehadaletterfromDublin statingthatthousandsofColonial troopswavedSinnFein!hagsint'' celebrationsafterthedeclarationof polls.Well,anyonewhoranaway withtheideathattheSinnFeinersare notablemenandwomendon'tknow muchoftheIrishSinnFeinleaders. DeValeraisanAmericanprofessor, thenProfessorMcNeilisaScotsman fronttheNorthofIreland.representingtheNationalUniversity.andsoon. EvensomeofCarson'sinfluentialfollowershavejoinedtherepublicans. Co-operativebuyingandsellingis greatsecretofunityamongstthe farmersofthecountry;itiseverywherefronttowntofarmyard;ithas asfirmaholdasthenationalideasof thepeople.Onecannotbutadmire thehonestyofpurposeofthosepeople 1heardMrs.SheehySkeffingtonatthe MansionHouse,sheisaseloquentas sheiscutting.Itwasherhusband whowasdeliberatelyshotbyCaptain Colthurstin1916,andinordertosave publicindignationatthetimeallover BritainhewassenttotheLunatic Asylum.HercriticismofLloyd George.Balfour,andCarsonwasenjoyedbytheColonialtroops,ofwhom hundredswerepresent.Irelandand Scotlandareeasyfirstwiththeoverseaforceswheniinfurlough,and. needlesstosay.theyarewelcomein thosetwocountries.PersonallyIdid notknowasoulinIreland,andonly hadanintroductoryletterfromaman inourrankstohisfriendsthere.The passingofConscriptionhaslargely unitedtheNorthandtheSouth,andI believethatcountrywasneversomuch unitedasto-day.Thataloneisresponsiblefortheorderprohibitingptto liemeetingsbeingrevokedafew-Java ago.Whatahack-downforthisgreat CoalitionGovernment.Youwill!sac, toexcusethislongscrawl,asitis writteninhospital. Iwasadmitted againyesterday,soanthavingn1, shareofhospitalnow.Kindregards. Sapper--

ExtractfromletterreceivedbyMr. W.F.Finlayson.M.P.,ofBrisbane, fromasoldiernowabroad: ''Portland,England,23/1/1919.

ResultsofRecentResearch.

TheSpanishInfluenza

TheMeekPlagueof1918,theWorstPandemicDiseasethathasScourged theCivilisedWorldinFourCenturies. (ByLeonardKeeneHirshberg,M.D.

Intheearlydaysoftheyear1918 webegantohearrumoursoftheappearanceofanewandvirulentplague inEurope.ThecollapseofRussia hadreleasedlargeGermanforceson theEasternfront,andthewarlordsof Berlinhadopenlyboastedthatwith theseadditionaltroopstheyintended tocrushFranceandEnglandbefore Americacouldcometotheaidofher sorelytriedAllies.Buttheweeks passed,andthethreatenedfinalassaultuponthefreedomoftheworld wasunaccountablydelayed.JanuaryandFebruarywentby,andstill the"sharpGermansword."ofwhich theformerKaiserusedtobesofondu: talking,didnotspringfromitsscabbard.

Itbegantobewhisperedthatanew plague,thefirstpandemicscourgeof thepresentworldwar,hadmadesuch inroadsupontheGermanmilitarymachine,aswellasuponthe"home front"behind,thattheWesternoffensivehadtobepostponeduntilthe worstofitwasover.Theendof thethirdweekinMarchsawthispoint reached,andtheonslaughtbegan. Forwantofamoreaccuratename.. thismodernplague,thelikeofwhich hasnotbeenexperiencedbyhumanity infourhundredyears.hascommonly beencalledSpanishinfluenza.Yetit didnotoriginateinSpain,norwasit exactlythegrippeorinfluenzaofother days.ItappearsthattheGermans inanticipationthatthemaladymight bejustlynamedGermanplague,sent broadcastamisleadingnamewhich theyhadcraftilydevisedbeforetheinfectionspreadfromGermanytoother countries, Bacilliarethecauseofinfluenza,as theyarethecauseofbubonicplague, theold"blackdeath"offourteenthcenturyEngland,andstilladreaded scourgeofmankind.ThespecificbacilliofboththesecontagionswerediscoveredbyaJapanesephysicianand bacteriologist,Kitasato.

ThenameofDr.Pfeiffer,aGerman, hascommonlybeenattachedtothe discoveryoftheinfluenzabacillus,as resulteithewell-knownTeutonic methodsofadvertisingtheirscientific menanddecryingorignoringthoseof othercountries.Therecordsshow thatProfessorKitasatoannouncelhis identificationofthebacillusearlyin January,1892,whilePfeiffermadea similarannouncementattheendof thatsamemonth.Englishand AmericanphysiciansmistakenlyacceptedtheGermanversionofthematter,andcalledtheinfluenzavirusthe "Pfeifferbacillus."Dr.leitasato,one oftheworld'sgreatestbacteriologists, thediscoverer.1manybacterianotablytheplaguebacillus,whichle firstidentifiedinHong-Kongin1894bastoolongbeenunjustlydeprived ofcreditfor'iswork.

Warhasalwaysbeenabreederof pestilence.Itisestimatedthatthe bubonicplaguealonehastakennolees thantwobillionsofhumanlives.In addition.'outbreaksofsmallpox.ch.'. era,typhus,andyellowfeverhavefolloweddebilitatingwars.Fortunately ourenormousprogressinmedical knowledge,andourincreasedresourcesforcombatingdisease,giveassurancethatnoplagueepidemicofslice magnitudeas.thoseofthepastcanod curinAmericaatthepresenttime. Thefirstknownadventofthenew form of influenzatothiscountryde curredwhentheNorwegianchipBergensfjordarrivedatNewYorkOn August12,191S,withtwenty-fivecase. threeofwhichprovedfatal.butthere wereprobablyothersourcesofinfection,evenifwedismissthereportthat theGermanU-boatssurreptitiously disseminatedthecontagionhere.It wasapparentlybysomeotherlineof attackteatthediseasereachedBostonandNewEngland.whereitrae mostalarrninglytoratime,espeee:amongthesoldiersintrainingatCa Dever.Thetotalnumberofcases thecampexceedednineninethoueise andtherewereasmanyaseeveitie deathsinasingleday.

TheSymptomsofSpanishInfluenza,il .1 oneth01'

SO's(11,.- .i tfr,It

11,

blisters--afrequentaccompanimentof pneumonia,meningitis,andtertian malaria--breakoutonthesufferer's lips.

Spanishinfluenzarunsitscourse withLiberty-motorspeed,reachingits crisisonoraboutthesecondday.On thefourthday,asarule,thepatient isweil,orelsepneumoniaorsome othercomplicationhasassertedits dangerouspresence.

Aharshcoughisafrequentlyencounteredsymptom.Thepatienthacks andspraysforthgreatnumbersofthe microbes,whichspreadtheinfectied rapidlyunlesshandledwiththegreat estprecaution. Athick,tenacious sputumofawhitishmucoidcharacter differentiatesthenewdiseasefromthe oldformofinfluenzawithitsgreenish sputum.ThisfeaturealsodistinguishesSpanishinfluenzafrompneumonia.withitstypicalrusty-coloured expectoration.Afailureofinio tinalaction,arestrictedflowofthee* kidneyfluids,andawantofappetite arealsoamongthecharacteristicsigns andsymptoms.

Ifyoutakeclosenoticeoftheseveral differencesbetweenthenewmalady andtheoldinfluenza,youwillobserve thatthefeverissharperandhigher, butofshorterduration:thetotal courseofthenewscourgeisbriefer: therearefewerstomachicorintestinal symptomsintheSpanishinfluenza, whereasintheoldformofthedisease gastro-intestinaldisturbanceswerepre. dominant.

Butthefinalproofofthefactthat thenewinfluenzaisadistinctmalady isaffordedbytheidentificationofthe specificmicrobewhichcausesit.This interestingdiscoverywasduetothe researchesofthreearmysurgeons.

CaptainsT.R.Little,t'.J.Garafalo, andP.A.Williams,oftheCanadian Mol1ileBacteriologicalLaboratory,attachedtotheBritishbasehospitals. TheGermofthePlague. Thenewbacillusisnotfoundinthe blood,andcultivationofitinthatmediumisimpossible.Itisluckythat sodemoniacalagermdoesnotpenetratethedelicatefluidIssueofman.If itdidso,itsmalignancymighteasily betenfoldgreater.Thebacteriologistsdiscovereditbyexploringthedischargesandexcretionsfromthenose, thepharynx.andthethroatofinflu. enzapatients. Ilere,spreaduponglass,andexaminedunderamagnificationoftwelve hundredtimes,anewworldofmicroscopicorganismsopenedupbefore theirgaee.Theysawaveritablebeehive-oftrembling,vibratingbacilli, almostasroundandsmallasthediplococcus meningitiseadiplococcus beingatypeofmicrobeinwhichtwo dot-likeordislikeshapesareattached toeachother.Atthepoles,oroppositeends,thesetinygermshadblunt noses,flattenedoutsoastomake' themalmostbiscuit-shaped. leno"smearsofthesebacteriawere dee-callyoftilewell-knownPfefferor KilLsatebacilliofinfluenza,orany d--able aicitepneumonia.The newlydiscoveredgermhascharacteristicspeculiarlyitsown,whichwere describedintheLondon"Lancet"and the"BritishMedicaljournal"in.Inlv endAugustlast. Asarulethemicroscoperesealsso mateybacteriasuperficiallyalikethata mereexaminatienofthem,undyednr unstained,withoutplantingthemin varioussmalltest-tubesofdifferent soils,wouldmisieadevenaneapert intobelievingthemidentical.For thisreasonbacteriologistsmustusea greatmanyotherteststoconvince themselves-nottomentiontheirscepticalconfrere'sandcritics--thattheyhaveanewandadifferentgerm. Whentheyfindandisolateabats ttriumunder.themicroscope,anditreei:e.1Its-evenwhenstainedblueor a:sethediploccocciofpneur they"putiodin stirasitwere.theresult01 this.,atdec4deswheith«1itbelongs tet].,groupoforganismsthat"take" it'-liesortothosethatdonotdoso. flienitisplantedingelatin.It eithergrowsandmeltsthegelatin,or itdiasnot.Thusanotherdifferentiationisfound.

Thenpotato,sugar,banana.bloodserum.andother"soils"areuseduntil wholeseriesoffactsarefound, eitheridentifyingthebectetiumwith somepreviouslyknownspeciesorpeeingitdifferentfromanythinghit!--te eatalgued.

Thusitwaswiththenewgerm medicalgentlemeadeterminedthe; possessescharacteristicswhichtliieuishit:runtanybacillus 'bretiehtaltocaptivity."It iClitC171nOt 1,!*1V."11'111innst 1.'"'Ve.It1-hr1\ _ 7 ..el-senen '... aabranequaltut

'I':erei.aluxuriantandabundant

sproutingofthemaliciousbacillusin thisserumsoil-whichexplainswhy Spanishinfluenzaclingssotenaciously tothelips,thetongue,themouth,and thegumsofitsvictimsanditscarriers.

Thephysiciansandscientistsofthe Alliedcountrieshaveseriouslyconsideredwhetherthegermsofthedisease wereintentionallydisseminatedby,the Kaiser'sgovernment,withtheintentionofweakeningGermany'sopponents,Nodefiniteconclusionhasbeen reachedonthispoint,butthesuggestioncannotbehastilydismissed,asthe Germanwarlordsstandofficiallychargedwithsendingdisease-germsto theirembassyinRumania.DocumentspublishedbytheAmerican StateDepartmenthavetoldhowbottlescontainingcultivationsofthemicrobesofanthraxandglanders,bean ingaGermanconsularseal,withdirectionsfortheiruseinspreadinginfection,werefoundsecretedintheGermanlegationatBucharest,afterthe Americanenvoytookchargeofthe place.

TheTerrorsofthePlague.

Thepresentplagueisprobablythe mostmalignantpandemicthatthe worldhasexperiencedsincemedieval times,whenBoccaccio'sladiesandgentlemenhadtorunawayfromFlorence toescapeanoutbreakofthebubonic plague.InoneofourarmycantonmentsIsawmorecasesofpneumonia atonetimethanhaveenteredthe JohnsHopkinsHospitalinthethirtyoddyearsofitsfoundation,

Incivil,asinmilitarylife,pneumoniawasfarandawaythemostfrequentcomplication:andthisledto therevivaloftheoldnameof-black plague"forthenewdisease,thebodies ofmanyofitsvictimsbeingcyanotic, orpurplish-blackincolour,attheapproachofdeath.

AnothersimilaritybetweenSpanish influenzaandthebubonicplaguewas thenumberofratsandotherrodents founddead.OnedaylastOctoberI noticed.andreportedtotheUnited StatesPublicHealthService,three deadratslyingwithinafewblockson threeofthemostprominentstreetsin Baltimore.Ratsandtheirfleasseem tobethespreadersofcontagionin severalepidemicdiseases.

ThelandsofsouthernandsoutheasternAsiaarcneverwhollyfreefrom endemicplagues.SirWilliamOsier isauthorityforthestatementthatthe' Manchurianoutbreakofpneumonia plagueinthewinterof1910-1911was oneofthemostvirulentOnrecord, carryingoffmorethanfourthousand fivehundredpersonsinafewmonths. WhatwillSirWilliamhavetosayof thepresentepidemic,which,inNew Yorkalone,carriedoffmorevictim, thanthatinafewweeks?Evenin themuchsmallercityofBaltimoreas manyasathousandaweeksuccumbed.

TheFightAgainstInfluenza, Whenadestructiveplaguesweeps overtheworld,wearcaskedbyman, "Willacoldspellcheckthedisease?" or"Willwarmweatherstoptheepi demic?"

Whilenocompleteanswercanlie truthfullygiventothesequestions,it maybeansweredthatneitherhot spellsnorcoldspellshaveanyimportantinfluenceuponbacteria.Only whenthewholepopulationhaspreaecteditselfthoroughly,orwhenitlee passedthroughtheepidemicandhas tatenfoundimmune,orhasbeennit immune,willbediseasediedown.

IMIlinititVfromaprevalentscourge maydepend'onseveralthings.Some areluckyenoughtoreceivenobacilli. Othersgetonlyaveryfew.ordead orweakenedones,andthusnever knowthattheirbloodreceivedfrom natureavaccinewhichmadeitproducealargequantityofprotective anti-toxinofitsownmanufacture.

AwisepreventivemeasurewaspassedbythecitycouncilofSanFrancisco, makingitcompulsorytowearmasks ofsterilisedgauze.Thenose,eyes, andmoutharethegrandentrancesof thehumanformdivine.Iftheyare closedtotheadmissionofdustand dirt,manydistempersareshutoutof thehumancorporatelimits.

Onegreatmethodoffightingepidemicsisbytheuseofvaccines,like thosethathaveprovedsuccessful againstinphoidandsmallpox.Vaccinesorantiserums,however,dotheir bestworkagainstanailment--suchas typhoid.smallpox,oryellowieven-whichattacksapatientonlyonce,and thereafterleaveshimimmuneforlife.

Colds,pneumonia,andtheolderfonts ofinfluenzaarenotvisitationsofthat kind.Theedonotimmunisetheir victim,tintleavehimnversuseepnble toafresh-attack.Evidently,toinject theirgerms.orserum,wouldbelikely toworkhavecandnuttowardoff"or curethetrouble.

pt':ent-ehelera,andtheprescer,inimmiologistshate thebacteriain. s;andbottled,cast le,Het-elateinto eeclteces.eeee: ii,.. ;lahtinginflu- ;..nee:-sidi,been triedwith,cadresults.

MenoftheUnitedStatesPublic HealthService,aswellasthebacteriologistsofthearmy,havemademany newresearchesduringthepresentepidemic.Theyhaveestablishedlaborstoriesfortheproductionofvaccines madeofthebacteriawhicharefound associatedwithinfluenzaandpneumonia.Doctorsandnursesoffered themselvesfreelytobeinoculatedor vaccinatedwiththesekilledbacteria, andmanywerethussavedfromthe disease.

Inthevariouscomplicationsof presentplague-whetheryoucallit onenameoranother,itisequa malodorous--atleasteightdiffere, speciesofbacteriahavebeencaptured,identified,labelled,cultivated, tried,judged,andfoundguilty.These includefourdifferentpneumococci, typesofpneumoniagerms:Kitasato's influenzabacillus,Kitasato'splague bacillus,thestreptococcushemolyticus,andthestreptococcusviridans. Experienceisfullofunremembered errors,andhumanjudgmentconstantlyfailstotakeintoaccountthealteted ciwumstancesandvariedconditions,of almosteveryindividualcase.Piekemonia,forinstance,totheaverage layman,meansonething;toacarefulobservantandwell-informedphysicianitmaymeananyoneofseveral things,eachcompletelydifferent:iron:: theothers.

Nottospeakoftheindividualsvariationsofparticularcases,thereareat leasttwelvedifferenttypesofpneumonia.Therearefourtypesofthe pneumococcus,themostcommonbacteriumofpneumonia.Therearefour otherspeciesofbacteria-thebacillus ofinfluenza,thatofbroncho-pneumonia,andtwospeciesofstreptococcus-whichmaycausepneumonia. Therearealsofourlesscommonpneumonias,thetyphoid,tuberculous,plague,andinjurypneumonia. Theinstantacorrectdiagnosishas beenmade,andoneormorelobesor bronchiolesofthelunghavebeendiscoveredtobesolidandcongested, somebloodmustbedrawnfrontthe armveinandplantedingelatin,or otherbacterialsoil,tocultivateand identifythebacillicontainedinit.If theguiltymicrobeprovestobe.what isknownasTypeNo.1ofthepneumococcusfamily,youarefortunate,becausethereisanantitoxicserumslice cessfullyinuseagainstit.Thetreatmentoftheotherelevenvarietiesof pneumoniccallsforavigilantnerse andanattentivedoctorwhoknows whentoemployandwhennottoestploydigitalis,codein,water,andother medicines.

LieutenantII.M.Thomas.ofCamp Meade,andLieutenantBrumbaugh,of thesamebasehospital,havefoundthattheRockefeller-ColeantipneuImeldaserumisharmlessandcanbe employedwhilewaitingtht-resultsof thebacterialtests.Noharmisdone. evenifthepneumococcusfoundisnot TpyeNo.1. Theearliertheserum isusedthemoresureitssuccess.About ninety-fivepercent.ofTypeNo.1 pneumoniasthenrecover. Thereislesssuccessinthetreatment oftheotherpneumonias.AtCamp Meadeonly87,5percent.ofalltypes recovered:andasaboutone-thirdof thecaseswereofthefirsttype.this showsapercentageofabouteightyfor theutherformsofthedisease. Strangetosay,andcontrarytathe experienceoftheJohnsHopkinsHospital,thecolouredtroops,whilemore liabletopneumoniathanthewhite troops,hadadeath-rateonlytwothirdsasgreat.

TheTypeNo.Ipneumococcus'lien mingleswiththebacilliofintleemza pneumonias.Theantiserumused uponsuchcasesatCampDevens,in Massachusetts,byCaptainJ.H.Wyman.diminishedthedeathsconsiderably,bringingthemdowntosevenper cent.

Itisbettertotreattheseoneurnenias withasmallquantityofstrongserum ready-madefromhorsesthathavebeer vaccinatedwithTypeNo. 1 wet:mococci,obtainablethroughthe RockefellerInstitute,thantouselarge quantitiesofalow-gradeserum Lieutenant-Commander L W. McGuire..ofthenavy.hasgoneanother stepforwardinthetreatmentofinfluenzapneumonia.AttheChelsea camphospital,onSeptember28la`-t,he andhisassistantsbegantouseasem takenfrontthebloodofconvalesrn patients.Uptothetimeofhisreport.twentt-SCVellpatientshadbeer treatedwiththishumanantiserum.-and twentyaixrecovered.Theserumwas injectedintothepatientswithinfollyeighthoursofthepneumonia'sstart. Toeverycloudthereisasilverlining.Thisterribleepidemicher,at leastbroughtwithitonebeneeltte, eernaney.Fe.-thefirst:timeinthoute" 1.c-re.at,eatappearse, t',Ardsthe.

NEWHOSPITALOFST.JOHNOFGOD

SIIBIACO

SplendidUp-to-DateAcconneedatlea

..1.0312TOSUMAC()ANDLEEDARVILLERAILWAYSTATIONS.

PatuiatemayselecttheirMrsMedinaAdvisert, TEAMSMODERtTitPRIVATEROOMSAVAILABLE.OPENTO DENO/IllblATIONS

FixTartu,applytoYes.Meths/ litofiltiterethinwardterttyteeed,dlyegir,wed1Joep.'taletMaly:walla MHO

eonventofSt.Joseph

AdelaideStreet,Fremantle

?ORYOUNGLitilES'BOARDERSandDAYPUPILS',CONDUCTED BYMEilillnERtiOFST.10bItP11OTTHEAPPARITION.

TheGaddingiswellventilatedandcomfortahle,sodtheDorm:torte,. etc.arewellittedtosecurecomfortandhealth

Thechill,enareoonetantlysupervisedtytheNuns.especiallywith '.cardtorelig1oolend!amidtraining

A:1hrenches:ifathoroughEnglishEducationaretaught;alsoFrench. Drawing,German,Painting,Singing.Pianoforte,Organ,Violin,Mande, Site,Bookkeeping.Elwoution,ShorthandandTypewriting,Nearllawort, (neinandFancy,andKindergartenClassesforJuniorPupils. reductionwillhemadeinfavourofsister, PaymentinADVANCEisrequitedforBoardersandDayPupas Priortotherat:wire!o/bill'Boarder,onequarter'senticemut ten Boarderswillbeadmittedatanytimeoftheyear Pupilsare'preparedforUniversitiesandMusicalEvatalzationa. theyhaysalp'theadvantagesof,.atithing forfartherparticularsapplytothe Rev.Mother

ConventofSt.Joseph,Fremantle be

ChristianBrothers'College PERTH

SE60111Dt&A301100LTOEBATBOYS SOALEDIES.

IfiraiiesdbyBasting,(libeey,1394. TheoldestCsithoiieOakesfaW.A. rkrout,.'and1.0`1C1011$trainingofIncItUdelltilisearnestlyattend'! P4ciiarySecondary,andCommercialEducationareitnpartei. All Easwinationsatedreparedfor,includingUnivere,ry C-oyerawitittUniyerseScholazellip,Matriculation,

Spealis,ate anith' 1',arlawlReadingRoomsarcp!rn!e1 teoeativepurpost, ANEWFEATURE. ;lerarals.ulk1,1 ManualArtSrbool.inwhiApupilsarcialicrw,:144is ci-;,:nt;,andtheuseoftools. TeemSwineFebruaryt.Newpailsmeleggiestwar 111)4artsftheterm Aliberalkeitoutz,is71tPti$laAy'aimarelhata.

VINEvr,Aitiscv3rtzt: SATURDAY,APRIL12,1919.

-'PhoneA3945, EATIcoLD&tECRRAT PRODUCEMERCHANTS. VICTORIAPARK HaveonSale:Bran,Pollard,Chaff, Hay,Straw.Oats,Barley,Wheat.

1.1n,redandMaize. TERMSCASH. Telephone,B277.

FJ.Iiii1VRON

CUSTOMS,SHIPPINGandFOR WARDINGAGENCY GENERALCARRIERS. PhillimoreChambers,FREMANTLE.

9974197011JA.Tk..rtORING00.

MSLEAN KEATING

JAMESKEATING, .fayStreet,Perth (OppositeMechanics'Institute

ASpecialLineofScotchandIrishSuitingafrom70s DRESSSUITSOURSPECIALTY M.., LargeandVariedStockofBlarneyTweeds toHav,-i ..eiraIIMINIM.M.-,,mie.wrmrercsarammarri

PERIOD

SAVOYS./,7T.,.Perth

TheSavoyistheAcmeofLuxuryand Refinement. Tariff:12s.6d,perday;£44s.perweek. Accommodationmaybereservedby wireorletter. 1.M.QUIGLEY.Licenser., 4:11164MMI, NIWCAITLZCLUBM?St, SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE. NewlyRenovatedandUp-to-Date.

BORALiO'DEA

IlLilz,rtakers,GeneralFuneralFurnishurt

EvcryrequisiteinCOFFINFL1RNITCRE.MOUNTINGS,LININGS. SHROUDS.FRILLINGLACE.TRIMMINGS.andalargecote-tanv beautiful(newdesign(WREATHS,vari,m-patterns.

CEDAR,OAKam!.1.1ER.\11,:OFFINSALWAYSIN FuneralsConductediuanypartoftheColonyonShortestNotice,and inthemostresp;ctfulmanner.

'I NOTETHEADDRESSPIERS'Rit

anammorrlb,ler,,JINclonealsaia.millirunirs.

MeArtisticFurnisher HayStreet,Perth.

WHETHERITISGOTHIC,MISSION.CHIPPENDALE,JACOBEANOR

a,Speciality. SHADOWANDTAPESTRYCOVERINGSFROMTHEBESTFACTORIESINTHEWORLD,READYTOBEMADEUPINTO LINESYOUREQUIRE.CALLANDCONSULTMYCUTTERANDDESIGNERABOUTYOURCURTAINS.HE