The Record Newspaper 22 February 1919

ThePriestandtheEucharist

IByRev.JohnCavanaugh,C.S.C.,PresidentoftheUniversityofNotre Dame,NotreDame,lin.)

Thechiefcharacteristicofourtime istheencroachmentofmaterialismon thefieldofthesupernatural.Materialismhasitsownphilosophytoexplain theoriginofthings;ithasitshigh priestswhoutterthemselvesfrompulpitandplatform;itsapostleswho makeardentpropagandaforit.

Greatuniversities,particularlyinthe oldworld,expoundanddefendit: booksarefilledwithitscientistsmeasurinetheinfinitewiththeirlittle yard-sticksriseupagainstallthatis calledGodorworshipped.Ithasits socialsysteminwhichdivorce-sometimesevenfreelove-isaprominent feature;ithasitsrichlyendowededitaatienesystemfromwhichGodis:1115terelybanished;ithasitsstatecraft whichsettlesquestionswithinthenationandquestionsamongthenations anabasisofmerecunning,andwithoutreferencetothelawsofGodand theclaimsofjustice.

ExaltstheAnimalSide, Ithasitsartwhichignoresthespiritualandexaltstheanimalsideoflife; itsdramainwhichpassionbearsdown virtuewithgreatapplause,orinwhich triumphantnaturalismparadesitself. Ithasitspoliticaleconomy.itspagan theoryofproperty,itstheoryofownershipwithoutresponsibilitytowardsthe needy. Ithasitspresswhichcoloursthe newsoftheworldtoadvantagethe philosophyofmaterialismandtoinjure Christianity;ithastheseductiveinfluenceofSocialismorCommunism, whichdanglesbeforetheeyesofhungerorpovertyorambitionadazzling visionofwhattheworldshallbewhen propertyorwivesarecommontoall menindiscriminately,andwhenchildrenarethechattelsoftheState,tobe educatedandcontrolledunderitssole responsibility.

wouldbeamostpurifyingandhelpful experience.

HasaChasteningEffect, Andisthisnotpreeminentlytrueof HolyCommunion? Ithinkitisfair tosaythattheaverageCatholicdraws neartotheHolyTablewithsomething ofthesolemnityandawewithwhich hewouldgotohismother'sdeathbed. Inbothcaseswhatpasseswithinthe soulduringthosepreciousmomentshas achasteningeffectfortherestoflife. Theeffectisnevertobeforgotten.

AlwaystheRallyingPoint.

II. anyrate,duesnotexperience showthattheBlessedSacramentisthe foodofvirginsandthestrongmeatof valiant,honestmen?Meeknessand modestyexhalefromitasfragrance fromtheflower,andthefruitofitis godlinessandcourage,andallgoodand gentlethings.And,therefore,the BlessedSacramentwillalwaysbethe rallyingpointofthosewhostillholdto thesupernaturalidealsoflifeandconduetandachievement.

Forthesoulthatishopelesslysteepedinmatter,forthesoulthatlacksthe powerofspiritualvision,forthesoul thatlivesbuttoenjoynervoussensationsandamasswealth,theBlessed Sacramentintheverynatureofthings canneverhavegreatsignificance.But, fortunately,theworldisnotmadeup ofsuchasthese.

TheEssenceofLifeItself.

BRYANT&WATERS

SOtogaStirling

BrutalisingandDespiritnalising, Ithastheenormouspowerofmoney tofurtheritspurposebybrutalising anddespiritualisingmenIthasso calledphilanthropistswhopretendto aidintheprogressandupliftingof humanitybybestowingfabulouswealth onvariouscauseswhileostentatiously excludingreligionfromtheirbenefactionsIthasthepopulardesirefor noveltytobegratified.andcomfortto besupplied;barrierstopulldownbetweenmenandthepleasuresthey crave. Insteadoftheoldspiritoffraternal charityandhelpfulness.itsetsupa theorythattheworldisnaturallymade upofbeastsofburdenandbeastsof prey,happythebeastsofpreyandac cursedforeverthebeastsofburden. Finally.ithas'thegeneralinfluenceof worldlinesstoforwarditspurpose.

TheMan-MadeWorld.

Theloyal,patientfatherwhogrows oldandpinchedandbentinuncomplainingtoil;themother,-almostdivine, whobelievesandhopes,andworries andsuffersforthesinsandthoughtlessnessofherdearones;theunselfish daughtersandthenoblesons:thereare thepeoplewhokeeptheworldwhole. some. Theyarethesaltoftheearth,andto themtheHolyEucharististheessence oflifeitself."Takeyeandcat,"said thedeviltoourpeon-parents"Take yeandeat,andyoushallbeasgods." Thefirstmanandthefirstwomandid, indeed,takeandeat,buttheybecame outcastsfromGodandexilesfrom GodandexilesfromParadise.

"TakeYeandEat"

Tdayfromthehospitabletableof HisloveChristsays,asHesaidatthe LastSupper,"Takeyeandeat,"and astheelementsofourfood,breadand wine,arechangedintoHimforour consuming,so,inadifferentsense,are weinsomemannerchangedintoHint intheconsuming. -ForarewenotmadelikeuntoGod inthepurity,piety,thepatienceand thecharitythatflowinundying streamsfromtheEucharisticHeartof (lurLord.

GerLordcenstantlypaintedoutthe tonftittbetweenHiskingdomand"the world Itwasnot,ofcourse.thema. terialw4,rldthathecondemned.tnat wasmadebyGod,"andGodsawthe worldthatitwasgood" Theworld whichfellunderhismaledictionwas madenotbyGodbutbyMinItis theproductofcenturiesofevilwords andevilexample. Whoeverhasdoneanythingtolea senLoth,togivescandal,toencourage self-indulgence,hasbornehispartinthe makingoftheworld.Itisthestream of'tendency.thecurrentoftradition. itistheatmospherepressinguponus fromallsides,andallthisworking again,:theupernatural.againstGod and.t'ain'tHisChrist ReligionsBattleoftheFuture.

1 r:LHft.:vonIbeicvethatthe Cc't,fthefutureistobe foughtaniiiiithy. :acratnent. Thisttaaeadaustictrine.thisamazingden,:.1 is,,uchaneffr,nt tomateila:,-,;haiit reeo.1, fri,nitas froma roodbo;:stofhe!-cep:ic. will :);hingthatt-alatitsee and theChrist:anpointstothe Holy .creccerysenseis (lettiy,i1r.,ilitlit:trine,hearingwhith turnsits-ll'aithfullytothespoken wordofG.,i!"Visas.tactus,gustus,to to o,1al,dituisolotutocreditor"

MaterialismMustBeConquered.

And,therefore,thisbrutalthing, materialism,istobefoughtaim'leon TieredbythearmyofChristmarchingunderthebannersoftheHoly Eucharist. Asmaterialismisoftheearth,earth. :y,..athismastsubtleandmeetspiriaf(Latrinesistobendtilestub. bornvitalstotheyokeofobedien.ie restraint;topurifyman'semu iions;exalthisviewoflifeandcon:la,tofhisoriginanddestiny:andto piace himinhistruepositionalittle 1.iwerthantheangels,astheroyal prphetsays,andnot,asthematerial. 'Icac,alittlehigherthantheape

J.T.MELLENandSON BUTCHERS. BULWERSTREET.

NearI:a:at-madstreet.)

PrimeBeef,Mutton,Pork,LambAl waysonHand.CornedBeefand SmallGoodsaSpecialty. .\L'.alI.:VI:KM'1NREFRGEILA THEPREMISES A1937.

GLANVILLE'SLEMONHEADACHE POWDERS. TheGreatAustralianReined,'for InstantReliefandSpeed,/Cureof; Ileaciaches.Neuralgia.Toothache,and influenza.Rheumatism,Sciatica,Lumbago,etc,etc.Price,Is.9dperbox sr3d.eachpowder.

PurilyingandHelpfulExperience. Thepri,,it1,01.,vocationitisto exaltandenthronethesupernatural, oughttoret.ocoi,eintheitles,edSi,lamenttheliestbreakwateragainstthe waveofala!erialismthatissweeping overtheuorld."Merelyasahuman exercise,-clefagreatpriesttome once,"ilailrprayerisamostrefining andspiritualii:ingaction" Ofcourscehiswordswerenotmeant toimplydouluabouttheeuicacyof. prayerbcforeGod;buthisthooghtwas thatC.Tiltii,uigh:herewereitsupernaturaleffectofgrace,themerehuman experienceofraisingthethoughtand theaffectionstoGod-"elevatingthe soultoGad.asthe: aiys,

/ICGLANVILLE,M.P.S.(Tel.1971.

MARKET.STREET,FREMANTLE. (TwoDoorsfromPostOffice).

PROFESSIONAL.

NURSEO'GRADYwishestonotify herfriendsandpatientsthatshehas re-openedafirst-classMaternityHome at62QueenVictoriastreet,Fremantle Shehassuperioraccommodationwhile andduringaccouchement

CriterionHotel,Perth,RegBarproprietor.SwanBeeronly

That'sall.

-dourWashsad BridalGroupeaSpecialty. blbHAYST.,PERTH(NearBarrack.St.)

-ILCHAIIITE- 1AILWAY CoffeePolice ; CoffeePolice

Mrs.CtiAbIBERLAIN,Proprietress.

MissM.J.MoDERMOTT.Proprietress

PureWaxCaadles,Charcoal,Tapers.Floats,SanctuaryOil,Crueillires,Rosary Beads,Scapulars,Medals,SpecialtyinStatuary,FramedPictures,NewBeaks justarrived.AttheFeetelJesus,TreasuryoftheSanctuary,Lookingas Jesus.FromBethlehemtoCalvary.lesusCrucified,SufferingManGod. \VetchesofthePassion,ReceHomo.LentenSermonsonthePaeeion,Holy WeekandEaster,LoretooftheHolyHouse,BooksbyFatherLilaWINI, ThoughtsonReligiousLife.Prayer-bookforReligion,BlessedSeenament Boak,MyPrayer-book,WithGod,SundayMissal.RomanMissal,ShortVisits totheBlessedSacrament,VisitstoJeri!,intheTabernacle,NewIntent, HistoryofIrelandbyDarcyMcGee,Knocknagew,StoryofIrelandbyA. M.Sullivan.RecollectionsofanIrishJudgebyMcDonnellBodkin.Agood assartmentofEnglishandAmericanStoryBcoksSlatartMesaerger,Oar Ladv'sAnnals,Madonna,St.Joseph'sGarland.Australian,St.Antlioay's Annal.AveMaria.OrdersPromptlyAttendedto

W.BOXALL

DENTALSURGEON, 148Barrackstreet(upstairs).

Mr.W.BOXALL,whoIslegally.qualifiedandregisteredDentistof VictoriaandWesternAustralia,respectfullydrawstheattentionofthe publictothefactthathispracticeinWesternAustralia,duringthelast eighteenyears,hasbeenbuiltonthesolidfoundationsofmeritorlaue akinandrecommendationsfromgratifiedpatients.HaAppreciatesthis eamuchthathewishestopreventmistakesregardingMo.:Mitts.He hasonlytheoneestablishmentinPerth,andemploysnoagencies. touts,orcanvassersinTownorCountry.ThePresspraises,theMedical Professionrecommends,and.thePublicendorsesthatthisniarvelisse systemofremovingteethisdailyclemonstrptedwithoutpain.

OurbeautifulsetsofNaturalGumPorcelainTeethiswithoutdoubt thebestintheworld;thecontourofthefaceandmouthbeingreproduced insuchamannerastodefydetection.Moreover,itiscomfortable,lighenti durable,perfectlytasteless,andpermanentlywholesomeandpure.I havemanyimitators,butnorivalsinthiscigssofwork.TeethnotBitingcanberemodelledonmynewsystem.Atleast,callandseeray denturesbeforegoingelsewhere. Myworkmanshipismybest*elves. %fitment,becauseIdevoteallmytimepersonallytomyonepractise. Hence,IcanNayrightherewhereIamknownbymyreputation.

Countrypatientscanbeattendedtoinoneday;consultationsarebee, andmanypoundsaresavedbythosewhoconsultmeandentitle,their worktome. Takeanoteofmyaddressforreferenceandcallbeforedecidingto

ThoughtsonIrishIndustries

Ireland,owingtoitsgreatfertility, .could,accordingtoscientificstudents, maintainfrom15to18millionpeople, ormorethanfourtimesasmanyas nowlivethere.Possiblysofulla populationwouldmeananover-industrialisedcountry.withalossofleisure andofbeauty,whichweshouldjustly deplore.Theremightbemorereal prosperityandhappinessamongapeopleof9millions.Eigthyyearsago thecountrysupported81millioninhabitants;insixtyyearsthesenumbershadshrunktoahalf,andthe population,stilldeclining,isnowlittle over4millions.Thebestofthepeo-,,ple,theyoungandthestrong,have beenflyingfromtheirhomesbyhundredsofthousandsayear.Andinall Government.PostOffices,eveninthe leasthamlet,noticeshavebeenprominentlyhungtogiveeveryinformationNalitwillbesthelptheemigrants toclrsethehouroftheirgoing. EveryoneinEnglandwaswillingtoaid intheflight-thegoverningclasses heldtheIrishtobeunrulyandungrateful;theeconomiststhoughtthat thereweretoomanyofthem;tele philanthropistslamentedtheirpoverty andbenevolentlyhastenedtheiremigration.ThusallEnglishmen.under oneorotherfatalerror,wereunitedto ridIrelandoftheIrish.Suchastory iswithoutaparallelinanycountryin Europe.BehindtheseerrorslayafurtherreasonofthedecayofIreland.Withbut one-tenthofherworkingpopulation engagedinagriculture.Englandneeded cheapfoodfromabroad;especiallyshe wantedmeat,andIrelandwasconvenientlyplacedtosupplyit.Theisland, becamethegreatfeedingfarmofEnglandAcolouredmapwouldgivethe spectacleofacountrysuchascould notbeseenthroughouttheworldin anylong.settledland.Itwouldshow avastgrazingplain,withmeadowand clover,pushingonsteadilyoverstrips oftilledland,whichyearbyyear shrankbeforetheadvanceofthegrass tilltheyoccupiedbutanarrowmarginofthecountry.In1891these prairiescoveredmorethantwo-thirds of arablelandintheisland.and werestillperpetuallygrowing.Whole estateswereruthlesslyclearedofpet) ple,tobeoccupiedbycattleand sheep;andtheexportingofmeatand dairyproducetothefactoryworkers ofEnglandbecamethemainindustry.

Irelandin1910providedalmost30per cent.ofthemeatsuppliesimportedby England.ShesendstoGreatBritain morethananyothercountryofcattle, beef,poultry,andpotatoes,andcomes secondinregardtobutterandeggs. Theimportanceofheragriculturalexportsmaybeseenintheirvalueof221 millionsderivedfromcattle,butter, andeggs,asagainstthevalueofnearly 25millionsgiventothreeotherleading industriescombined-ships,linen.and porter.

Itmightbesupposedthatsoimportantatradewouldsupportaprosperousandwell-peopledIreland,Butthe caseisverydifferent.Inthesela-n daystheislandhasbeendescribedas "apracticallyundevelopedcountry." industriallyandcommerciallyina "backwardcondition."InIreland, abouttwo-thirdsthesizeofEngland, wenowseeapopulationaboutequalto thatofLancashire. Adiminished people,whatwithemigration,latemarriages,andalownumberofthem,the lowest'birthrateintheBritishislands andthehighe,1,,deatlerate,nottospeak ofunder-feediaTgandconsequentdisease, showsthatagricultureunderIrishconditionsprovidesnosoundeconomic basisforthenationalexistence.

ABadLandSystem. Thestoryofdisasterhasitsrootsin amazeoffalsehistory.mistakeneconomics,andbadpolitics.Theland stemwhichforpoliticalandmilitary reasonswasimposedonIrelandisadmittedtohavebeentheworstinEurope,Thetenants,driventotheland astheironlysubsistence,werecrowd. edinto'tinyfarmswheretheycould scarcelylive.Theythemselvesfenced theland,builttheircabins,trenched anddrainedtheground,andevenwith theirownarmscarriedsoiltotherocky placesButatbesttheyheldyearly leases,andtoooftenhadnoteventhat security.Theslightestimprovement intheholdingwasfollowedbyariseof rent.Thetenantpaidforhisnew croptwiceover-byhislabourandby hisheavierrent-andmightatany timelosethewholebyevictionwith. outcompensation.Noadvancein farmingwaspossibleundersuchconditions.Evenaslateas1872,afterthe terrible"clearances"andevictions, smallholdings,valuedat£8ayear, madeupmorethanhalfthetenanciesholdingsinwhichprogressinagricul-

(ByAliceStopfordGreen.)

turewasimpossible.Educationwastroubles,andthatjusticeleavesnotherightfertilisers,orrotationofcrops deplorable.England,whoimportedroomforgenerosity. formodernfarming.TheBelgianacre, herfood,wasnotinterestedinthe Take,forexample,thelessonwelearnwearetold,producedbeforethewar questionofitsgrowth.Ifproducefail-fromthenorth-easterncornerof-Ire-fourtimesasmuchastheBritishacre, edinonecountryshesenthershipsland,whichhasbeenleftoutofthisandthedifferencewiththeIrishacreis tofetchitfromanother,andshefeltstoryofruin.The"BlackNorth"probablygreater..Germanyconsumes itneitheraneednoradutytoconsid-takescredittoitselfforwonderfulen-181bs.ofspecialfertiliserstoeveryacre. erthetruedevelopmentofIrishre-terpriseinsubduingaharshandob-butGreatBritainandIrelandused sources.Noseriouseffortwasmadestinatesoiltotillage,butthetaleoflittlemorethan2llbs.,withtheresult bytherulerstotrainthepeople(whothe"howlingwilderness"onwhichthethatiftheBritishfarmer(andIreland themselveshadtopayfortheiruse-modelplantersoffabuloushistoryen-'isinastillworsestate)canproduce lesseducation)inknowledgeofthetered,bringingforthefirsttimeIndus.fromahundredacresfoodfor45or50 businesswhichwastheirsolesupport.tryandcivilisationintothewaste,ispersons,the-Germans;withapoorer In1862,wheninsomeworkhouses,paidinfacta"howling"fraud.TheLagansoilandclimate,canfeedfrom70to forbyIrishmoney,instructionwasvalleyisequalinfertilitytotheBoyne75.andcanraisemorethantwiceas giventhechildrentopreparethemforvalley.NoareainIrelandhadmoremuchcorntotheacreandfivetimes earningtheirbreadontheland.itwascantandmorewindmillsandgreaterasgreatacropofpotatoes. suppressedbyanagitationinEnglandexportofgrainthanthelandfromthe Thefiguresshowhowunfortunateit againstsuchteachingashavingthesouthernexitofBelfast,fromKill),isforacountrytobecomethemere taintofaStategranttoagriculture.leaghacrossDown.Thereisnosuchfarmofaneighbouringland,andsubTheIrishSocietiesfoundedbygentle-countryforapplesasthatbetweenduedtoitspolicy.Wemayjudge menfarmersforimprovingthebreedPortadownandDungannon.ThebestthattheEnglishdemandforIrishcatofcattleandthelike,nevertouchedIrishturfisinAntrim,thebestfisher-tlehasnotservedtherealinterestsof thegreatmassofthesmalltenantsoriesontheBannandtheErne,themostIreland;sincewearenowtoldthatan gavethemanyinstruction.

ThestoryofIrishagricultureforfifty years(1851.to1901)isapictureofcontinualgloom.Whenoxenreplacedthe peopleoftheland,theoldmanufactorieslellintoruins,andthemill-wheels rottedaway.Itispossiblethatthe newrollermillsthatintheprocessof mechanicalprogresshavedisplaced someofthemill-wheelsofthecountry haveacapacityandoutputinexcessof theoldlocalmills,buttheynowgrind forthemostpartawheatthatisnot Irish.

Thenumbersemployedontheland decreasedbyalmostone-third--thatis, fromnearlyamillionandahalfto 859,500.Theagriculturallabourers, farmservants,andcottagersfellfrom amillionto226,000,tilltheywerehardlyafourthoftheoldnumber.The productionofwheatalmostceased,oats declinedtoahalf,andpotatoesfailed almostasmuch.Evenflaxproductionfellinthirtyyears(1879.19101to one-third,from22,600tonsto7,179 tons.

Thewholestoryisastrangecommentonthefinalresultofagovernmentfromacrossthesea,whoseboastedmissionforcenturieshasbeentoredeemIrelandfromasupposedbackwardandunprogressivestateandgive itaprosperouscivilisation.Itmight wellbearguedthattheIrelandofthe MiddleAgeswasinabetterposition, commercialandindustrial,thaninthe nineteenthventury._Onallsidesare spreadthesignsofancientindustries andoldcommerce.IntheKilkenny of1640amerchantownedabuilding largeenoughtotakeinthewholeof thefamousConfederationofKilkenny. Ithasdisappeared,andthetinestorehouesoflaterdaysstandemptyand fori.irn.asif,soa-recentvisitor troubledbyhisfirstsightofthedecay describedittome,theGermanshad passedoverit.

AGraveScandal. ThedecayofIrelandhadalreadyin 1860becomesograveascandal.andits situationsotragic,thattheEnglish Governmentwasforced,afteraseries ofneglectedCommissionsandReports, toriveitalateattention.Effortsto reformthelandsystemweredefinitely begunin1870,followedatintervalsfor thenextfortyyearsbyattemptedimprovementsinhalfadozensuccessive Acts,culminatinginthePurchaseAct of1903,whichwaslastamendedin 1909,andisnowagaintoberevised. Arealsettlementhasbeendelayed throughhalfacenturybyfeveredpoliticaltheories,bythelocaleconomic

valuablewoodsinAntrimandDerry;acreofpotatoesgiveseighttimesthe alltheironoreisinAntrim.Thefoodvalueinoneyearthatanacreof northernharboursgavethecheapestprimefatteninglanddevotedtobeef transportforthecoalandironofGreatproductiongivesintwoyears,andthat Britain.Intothisrich,well-tilled,andwheatgrowinghasfivetimesthefood well-peopledlandtheplantersentered,valueofcattle-growing.Howinjuribuccaneerstrainedinthewildwar-ousthereplacingofmenbycattlehas fareoftheEnglishborder,whoafterbeencanbeprovedinmanyways:a theirfashioncastouttheoldinhabi-simpleargumentisthatunderthissystantsintothebogsandwastecrags,tentthoseemployedinagriculturein andsettledthemselvesonthefertileIrelandproduce£46aheadincomparitracts.Asoutpostsandgarrisonofsonwith£113inEnglandandWales, Englishsettlementtheyweregivenbyand£109inScotland.Infacttheacafavouringgovernmentspecialprivil-tualconditionofIreland,agricultural eges,andorderedtosecuretothefight.andindustrial,iswithoutparallelin ingretainersadvantagesoftenure-aEurope,anditmust,untilachangeas practicaltenant-rightwhichputthemmade,remainamockeryforthenainasuperiorpositionfortillagetoanytions. otherIrishfarmers.Itwasnotthe Thisisland,"spoilchildofoftheEmonlyboongrantedtothem.Theflaxpine."moreoverremainstheonlycase andlinenmillsifthenorthrepresentofacountrywhichpossessesnoneof theonlyIrishindustryeverencourag-thematerialprofitsoftheindustries edbytheGovernment,sincetherevi-asthatbelongtoitsownagriculture.In notradeinEnglandwhichfeareditseverydirectionweseethefailureofthe competition.Totakeasingleinstance.naturalactivitiesofcountrylife. in1805,attheprayerofthetrade,Lord Asthecattletradepushedthework Castlereaghsecureditsexemptionfromoftillagetooneside,andthegrass thetaxlaidonallothermanufacturedlandsdevouredtheploughedfields,one goods.Belfastprofitedbyasingularformofindustryafteranotherdied.In goodluck.Itoweditsprosperity1914nomorethanone-eleventhpartof aboveallelsetothefinancialconfusiontheflourneededforthepeoplewas ofthe"gamblingMarquis" growninthecountry,andIrelandnow descendedfromthegreat"planter"ofseeksfromabroadneed);allherflour, Ulster,SirArthurChichester,enrichedandmorethantwiceasmuchmealas withvastestates,andlordofthesheexports.Itisforeignworkerswho groundonwhichBelfastwasbuilt,andpreparethewinterfoodandlinseed formilesaround.Toescapefromcakeforthecattle,andEnglish,ships bankruptcythroughhisgamblingdebts,thatcarryitover.Forlackoftillage heraised£100,000infinesfromhisten'.theprofitabledairytradeofwinter antsbysellingtothemgrantsinper-fails,sothatifin1914Irelandsent petuityfreely,evictingallwhowereawayover8,000tonsofbutter,sheimunabletopaythefines.WiththeI'"rtedover1,000tons,broughtfrom buyingofmostoftheselandsbytheforeigncountries.Thelargeimports Belfastmerchantsthetownescapedof.baconfromAmericaareequallytinfromtutelageanddependenceonasat!sfactory.Allgardenproduceis landlord:andfromthattimeitsindus-deficient.OutofherrichsoilIreland trialdevelopmentbegan.'Equitableonlyexported12tonsofonionsin1914, tenureforbuildingallowedasuccessfulwhilseshebroughtfromabroadover .600 middleclassto*growup,ofgreatinde-2 tons.Thereisnobetterfruit pendenceofcharacter,withopportun-growingcountry,and.therearefactories ityandfreedomtoaccumuatecapitalfortamsandpreservedfruits;butthere formanufactureandcommerce.Belisasyetnotenoughtosupplythe fastshowswhatmighthavebeendonePopulationwithoutimports,andthere inmanyatownandxiilageinIreland.isnoexporttradeatall.

Ahundredyearsagoitwasnotinad- Tosumupthestory,whilethetrade vanceofDerryitsprospectsindeedcifIrelandliesintheforeignsaleof wereinferior.ButBelfasthadbeentoodandagriculturalproduce,amountfreedfrombondagetothelandlord'singto£37,800,000.thepeopleareatthe claimonitssoil,andholdingthatonesametimebuyingfromabroad,atthe advantageitisnowseventimesthecostof221millions,foodstuffsandfarm sizeofDerry,andfreetomakefullusecommoditieswhichoughttobegrown ofitsownharbour,soconvenientforontheirownsoil;andinalandofgreat thecheaptransportofallsuppliestofertilitythediminishedpopulationisin itsshippingyardsandfactories. greatpartinsufficientlyfed.Thelow 13ythesesingularchancesofgoodlevelofthelabourer'ssubsistenceisno. lucktheAdventurersofthenorth-eastturious.ItisstatedbytheKinga roundedofftheirfortunes,andtheUl-ProfessorofPhysiologyinTrinityColtraditionsofEngland.bydistrustofsterregionhasbecomeanobjectlessonlegthattheaverageDublinworkerin Irishcounsels,andbyaninveterateforIreland.Theiragriculturists,hay-1014wasonlyabletoprovideadiet beliefincompromiseandhalfmeasures.ingsecuredthebestlands,hadsecuredsufficientforamanatrestanddoing WheneverIrelandaskedanything,thealsoadvantageoustermsoflandtenure.noworkwhatever,whilein1915this Governmentinvariablygavehersome-Theirmarketwasassuredbytwoflour-hadsunktobeadietofmeresubsistthingelse.Itwasonlyaftergenera-ishingindustriesencouragedbytheonce.Inlateryearsweallknowhow tionsofterribleagitationthatasolu-Government-industrieswhichinfactgreathavebeentheprivationsofthe tionofthelandproblembypurchasehelptosupportoneanother.WhileDublinworker,whosefoodhassunk wasatlastaccepted.Meanwhileotherthemenworkattheships,theirwomenalmosttostarvationpoint.Thewhole reformshadbeenstarted.AlewLightfindemploymentinthelinenfactories.systemiseminentlywastefulofintelRailwayswerelaiddown.TheCon-ThetradeatthiscornerofIrelandisligenceandlabour,ofhealthand gestedDistrictsBoardwascreatedinsafeoneveryside. wealth,andaddsyearlytothedesolat1891toestablishtheforlorncottiersofInjuriousEffectsoftheLandSystem.ingtaleofemigration.Wemayask thewestoneconomicholdings.ADe- Toreturntotheagriculturalregionshowmuchoftheprofitsoffoodfetched partmentofAgricultureandTechnicalandtheirfate,wehaveseenthatinourfr..mCanada,Denmark,theArgentine, NewZealand,andAustraliagotothe Instructionwasappointedin1900,toowngeneration,byaseriesofActs giveaidandinstructiontothemassofsince1890,thegreatroadsofprogressEnglishmerchantshipswhichcarry peasantproprietorsofthenewera,haveatlastbeenslowlyandpainfullythisrichfreight. SincetheseActsIrelandhasbeencall-forcedopen.Butthiswasonlythe OtherMischiefs. ed"thespoiledchildoftheEmpire"-firststep.Itmustberecognisedthat, Thereareothermischiefsin'theecoaphrasewhichcanonlyrevealignor-whileothercountrieshavebeenad-nomicdisorderofIreland.Graveloss anteofherpasttragediesandofhervancingbyleapsandbounds,thefore.occursinthecattletradewhen,at presentdangers.EnglishpoliticiansmostindustryofIrelandremainsataheavyandunnecessarycostoffreighihavebeenshockedattheirowngener-standstill,andshowsbutlittleincreaseage,thebeastsaresentawayaslive osity,forgettingthatIrelandpaystointhevolumeoftradefrom1904tostock(in1911over355,000tonsweight the-lastpennyforeveryboon,forthe1914.Decreaseinpopulationhasforaoflivecattleasagainst12,000tonsof purchaseofherland,forthedividingtimebeenchecked,notbyanincreasecoarsedeadmeat).Noristhisthe ofnewholdings,and'fortheDepart-infoodandindustry,butmerelybytheonlyloss.Crossingtheseathecattle menttoinstructher.Theyfailtorc-refusalduringthewartoallowIrish-carrywiththemtheirhides,horns, memberthatthewayofrestitutionmentocrosstheAtlantic.TheIrish,bones,andhoofs,toprovideEnglish andofrecoveryfromcenturiesofanti-scarcelysettledinsecurityontheirownworkerswithahundredindustries, ficialruinisslowandbesetwithland,haveasyetlittleknowledge.ofwhileIrelandbuysbackthemanufac-

turedgoodsmadeofheruwi.rawmaterials-leather,boots,saddles,combs, knifehandles,soap,tallow,candles,and therest.BeforethewarIrelandimportedover1,800tonsofcandlesand exported57tons.Onlyonemakerof horncombsstillexistedinDublinsome yearsago.TheIrishhidesaretanned inEnglandandaremadeintothe boots,harness,andleatherworkusedin Ireland.Foralltheseindustries, manufacturing.railway.andshipping protits,lieontheothersideofthe water. Alltradesshowthesameblight. Thereisagreatexportofrags,while onlyaquarterofthepaperusedinthe countryismadeathome.Aftercontinuedandadmirableeffortstorevive hermanufacture,Irelandstillsellsa vastquantityof-rawwool,andimports asmuchwoollengoodsassheexports.

Amelancholyinstanceofthefailure industriesmaybeseeninthetimbertrade,whichinmanycountrieshas +Drovedthemostprofitableindustry,as the"JournalofForestry"remindsus, andtheeasiesttocombinewithagriculture.ProfessorHenrystatesthat onemillionacresofwoodlandisdeemednecessaryfortheagricultural'andindustrialneedsofthiscountry.But, asweknow,thefamousIrish -forests havedisappearedtillitisnowthepoorestwoodedcountryintheworld,and stilltravellingsaw-millsarehurried fromvalleytovalleytoaidthefixed machinesinhasteningtheappallingdestruction.AGovernmentCommission in1908pointedoutthatinallEurope therewasnoexampleofsuchwastert.-systematicbusinessmanagement, n.-commercialorganisation.noGovernmentdirection,sothatbytheextracrdinaryimprovidenceoftheStatetimberwastreatedalmostasifitwere r:erewaste,ofnovalue.Landowners v.::selllandtoooftenlaybaretheir v,.uoris.Thesmallfarmersthemselves activelyhelptoridthelandoftrees, ignorantoftheinjurydonetotheir ownfarmsinthiswind-sweptcountry, whereinexposedfieldswithoutshelterbeltscattlecannotfattenandcows maygiveeven20percent.lessmilk thanthosewhograzeundertheprotectionoftreeshelters:andwhere cropsarelostbythelatefroststhat prevailroundbog-landswhichhavenot beenplantedwithbeltsofwood.We canunderstandwhyIrishforestshave noprotectors.Exploitedforcenturies forthepurposeofoverseatrade,they haveneverbeenmadeanIrishinterestAllminorindustriesoftheforestshavebeenlosttothepeople.Ninetypercent.ofthetreesareshipped outofthecountryasroundtrunksand logs.Waterford,Cork,andDublinleadingthewayinthisdisastroustrade. Fureachtonthusexportedtherewas alossbeforethewarof10s.forlabour inIrelandonroughpreparation.At whatcostdoesIrelandfinallybuyback herrawmaterialinsawnboardsfor buildingtradesandrailwayworks,orin broads,chairs,carts,coaches.spools, tool-handles?Entirewoodsaresold tominingcompaniesoverseasothat splendidIrishoakmightbeseencarted awayforpit-props,whilethecabinet maler.unabletobuyasinglelog.was driventoseekforachanceofoakfrom Austria.ItistruethatAustrianoak iscommendedasbeingofclosergrain joinerywork,butthosewhohave seenthefurnitureofIrishoakmadein taeNorthoneortwohundredyears agowillnotcomplainofitsquality.In modernIreland,however,furniture making.whichwouldtraintheskilland tasteoftheworkers,doesn'.tnowexist. exceptfortheassemblinglocallyof partsalreadymadeabroad.\That wonderthatactiveandenterprising your...!menemigratefromsuchascene ofin:providence.waste,andmisdirection. -'toneofIrishmountainsserves he: betterthanthetimberofher wo-dsThoughtheislandisringed min.:withmountainsproducinggraniteandstoneofallkinds,amighty anr.!unnecessaryfreightisCarriedfrom Eu...-;andofpavingstonesandsetsused inIrelandSoalsothereisabundant rnI-erialathomeforthemakingof :andcement,insteadofcarryingit fromLondonortheIsleofWight -Ajourneywhichisofnoadvantageto sixIrishinterest.BelfastandDublir.,aswellasothertowns.havetheir orcementmaterialathandofthe bestkindforalltheirbuilding.and e'.cnforexporttradetoScotland:but Belfastisnomoreenterprisingthan Dublininthisrespect,andimportsits v.hole,dipply.Othermanufacturers, brickspipes,tiles.glasshavepoor s-itality.asisshownbythefactthatit st-z,snutuntil1916thatafirstandstill imperfecteffortwasmade,atthein-.,tieoftheInstituteofArchitects,to c;aeon intheNationalMuseumanexti ofIrishbuildingmaterials. efforti,anexcellentone,and belateditshowsthenewspirit ti:tr, Buttafurthereffortis - t: afullsurveyofrliLconWflonsoftransport.Thecheapwater fr.t.ght Wales,andtheexcellent

railwayfacilitiestheremaketheuse offoreignbuildingmaterialseconomicallylessofacryingshameinour EastCoasttowns.Herewearebrought facetofacewiththeproblemofhow toadjustrelationsbetweenacountry ofabundantcapitalandhighlyorganised,withoneinastillundeveloped stage-especiallywhentherichisland isinauthorityoveronetoolongdrainedofCapital.Excellentresearches havebeenmadeandpublishedonthe Railwaysystem,andassoonasthey arereadfallintoneglect.Thereason isobvious.AslongastheBritish carryingcompaniesareabletodominateIrishtradetotheiradvantageand ourloss,itisnottheirbusinessto drawattentiontothefact.Theyhad ratherletitlieinobscurity.Onthe otherhand,Irishmenletthereports dropfromtheirhandsindespair.If theyproposedreform,theywouldhave toappealtotheBritishParliament, wherethecommercialandpoliticalinfluencesagainstchangeareincomplete control.Anationalenquirymaybe permittedbytheexistingpowers,becausetheyknowthatanationalremedyissofarimpossible.Butthe questionshouldneverbeabsentfrom themindsofthosewhodesiretheindustrialdevelopmentofIreland.The factmustimpressallthinkingIrishmenthatithasneededthecalamities oftheselastyearstocompeltheGovernmenteventolookintothequestion ofIrishcoalsupplies,anddiscussthe extensionofrailwaycommunicationsto usetheseresources.

WhenIrelandCanKeepHerOwn Accounts.

Itislittlewonderthatinthefifty disastrousyearsfrom1851to1901, whenpopulationwasdiminishedbya half,thenumberemployedinmanu facturingindustriessankbytwo-thirds, northatanyrecoveryhasbeenslow andpainful.Thenewindustrialspirit showninthe"madeinIreland"movementwasnotwelcomedinEngland.It wasindeedregardedas"amostserious factorbyallclassesoftradesand manufactures.""Myexperienceall thetimeIwasworkinginIreland," wroteacommercialagent,"wasthat thepreferenceforIrish-madegoodswas somethingwhichIalwayshadtobe fightingagainst,anditwasalwayscroppingupinafreshandmoremenacing form."Theprejudiceforhome-made goodsamongHomeRulersandNationalistswasresentedashaving"amore orlesspoliticaltaint.""Itarose,"ran onereport,"outofagrowingbelief thatthesalvationofIrelandwasultimatelyaneconomicratherthana politicalquestion,andthisbeingso,one ofthefirststepswastore-createan industrialIreland,andpreferencefor Irish-madegoodsarosenaturallyoutof thissituation.Withasentimental peopleliketheIrish.therefore,everythingwasripeforanappealtothem onthesegrounds.""Aboutthirty yearsago,'.itwassaid,"Irelandwas animportantmarketforgoodclasses ofwoollenclothsmanufacturedin Yorkshire,butatthetimeofMr.Parnell'sagitationforHomeRuleapracticalboycottofBritish'goodswasset onfoot.ManylargeIrishcloth-merchantshavesinceceasedtopurchase Britishmadecloth."Anothercomplainedofthemarkedpreference shownalloverIrelandforhome-made goods:"Inmanyinstancestheintrinsicvalueofthearticleisasecondary consideration,thepurchasersbeing moreinterestedingettinganassurancethatithasbeenmadeinIreland, andtheyarenottobeputoffbybeing merelytoldso."Henotedthat"EnglishandScotchmanufacturersofhosieryandwoollengoodshavesuffered morethananyotherdepartments. Thereareatleasttwentyhosieryfactories,andasmanytweedmillsinIrelandatpresent,andalldoingfairly well,alsonumerousmakersofscarfs, taps,ready-madeclothing,shirts,boots, etc."AnagentofaleadingBritish paper-makingfirmwasaggrievedthat aProtestantandUnionistinCorklaid inIrish-madeaccountbooksforhiscustomers.Hecomplainedmuchoflocal bodies,suchasCountyCouncilsand BoardsofGuardians,askingforIrish goods,andofhisfirmbeing"hauledup bysomeSocietyfortheProtectionof IrishIndustry,"fordisplayinganimitationof"AncientIrish"notepaper. Thesetestimoniesfromwitnesseswho lookunfavourablyonthegrowthof Irishindustriesgiveusgoodhopeofa genuineIrishefforttotakeupthe workofwhichaforeigngovernmenthas notproveditselfcapable-theworkof findingajustbalanceinthedevelopmentofagricultureandindustries.It wouldappearthatthesumofmanufacturingindustriesamountedbefore thewartoabout£5perheadinIreland asagainst£17inGreatBritain-in otherwords,atotalsumforIrelandof 22millionpoundsstandingagainst690 millionpoundsforGreatBritain.The warhasnotalteredthesituation,ifwe judgebythetaxationofwarprofits, whichinGreatBritainamountedBoringlastfinancialyearto253million

poundsasagainst7millionpoundsin Ireland. WemustnotsupposethatIreland alonehassuffereddamage.Nearly thewholeofIrishtrade-521millions outofatotalof631millions-goesto England,and.thevalueofthetrade betweenthetwocountries-wasin1910 calculatedatabout120millions.Englishmerchantswouldhavegaineda richerprofit,inbuyingandselling,ifa contentedpopulationinIrelandhad beenincreasedtodoubleortrebleits presentnumber.TheImperialGovernmentisdiscreditedbythefailureto createabetterfellowshipincommon interests,andbylossorreputationbefore-theworldforhighstatesmanship andforthespiritoffraternity.Itis asthoughamemberofafirmhad chainedhispartnertothedeskand givenhimhalfrationstostimulatehis loyaltyandinterestinthebusiness. Itisprobablethatthetruehopeof Irelandliesintheimprovementofagriculturallifeandindustry.Butthe countrymustneedsinsistonbeingallowedapositioninwhichshewillhave powertodrawupabalance-sheetof hernationalexpensesandprofits.The dangerousconfusioninwhichthewhole matterhasbeenplungedisshownby theadmissionofsuccessiveEnglish PremiersthataresponsibleGovernmentsetupinIrelaindwouldbeunable, asthingsnowstand,toknowthetrue revenueofthecountry.Forexample; ithasalwaysbeenimpossibletoascertainwhatistheexacttradeofIrelandwithforeigncountries,orwhatremainsinEngland,sinceallgoods whichpassthroughGreatBritainare creditedunderthatheadingbythe Customsauthorities.Inthelastfew yearssomeEuropeanstateshavebe-

guntokeepaccountsofcertainIrish goodsenteringthem,anditistothese foreignaccountsalonethatIrishmen havetolookforinformation.Errors flourishinthetimesofignorance.False viewsoftheIrisheconomic-statecirculatefreelytothedamageofthecountryandtotheincreaseddifficultyof reformers.ThesumoftheIrishcontri butiontotheImperialGovernmentremainsamattertobearbitrarilyfixed bytheEnglishTreasurywhichkeeps thebooks.IfthoseTreasurybooks wereopenednoEnglishmancould boast,aswehearthemdonowthatit istheEnglishtaxpayerwhohas boughttheIrishpeasanthisland-or whointhepastpaidtokeephimalive intheFamine.Irelandcanonlytake herfullresponsibilityforthewelfareof herpeople,whenshecankeepherown account, the

AAPTheMythologyoftheModerns

(ByG.K.Chesterton.)

THEMANWHOOWNSTHEMONEYMAYNOTOWNTHEMIND.

SirHarryJohnston,writinginthe "Humanist,"incidentallyessaysto provethatheisnotadangerousrevolutionistandprovesit.Heisled todosobyadesiretodisclaimmere iconoclasm,whenheinvokestheHigher Criticismandattackswhathecalls Shillitottery;whichseems(sofaras Icanunderstondit)tomeanChristianity.SirHarryJohnstonwrites:"Irecognisethesplendidworkthat manyacapitalisthasachievedbyconcentratinginonemindthespending ofmoneythatmanyhandshavegatheredup.Iamprettywellsatisfied withtheBritishConstitution;Icertainlydonotwantarepublicorthe -.16.ruleofthehorny-handedsonsoftoil whiletheyremainunnecessarilyhornyhandedandwithunfurnishedminds. ButIcannotseewhystabilityandan orderlyprogressinreformsarenotattainle,withoutrevertingtoapretend liefinthemythsoftheMiddle-ges."

ItwillbenotedthatSirHarryprefersaperfectlysincerebeliefinthe mythsoftheModernAges.Inthe courseoftheshortpassageIhave quotedheproclaimshispassionate faithinatleastthreeentirelyfabulous monsters:(1)BritishConstitution.(2) TheCapitalist,hisuniversilMind,(3) ThephysiologicalprocesS,ascuriousas thatofbarnacle-geese,bywhichthe formationofcallositiesonthehand automaticallyproducesavacuumin thecerebralapparatus.Ifwemay glanceattheserapidlyinorder,the BritishConstitutionneednotdetainus long;forwhileitisnot-existentin fact,itisnotimportanteveninthe worldofSirHarry'sfancy.

AMereModernLabel. TheBritishConstitutionwasamere modernlabelhurriedlypasted,like paperoveracrack,overthecompromisebywhichEnglandstillpretended tobeamonarchywhenithadsimply becomeanaristocracy.Perhapsthe oneamusingthingaboutitisthatour greatphilosophersandhistorians,writingontheConstitution,have'themselvesbeenmainlyoccupiedinshowing thatthereisnoConstitution.They writereamsabouthowwiseitisto keepeverythingunwritten.Theysay itispracticalandflexible,andsoon: bywhichtheymeanthattheCapitalist (hisremarkableMind,etc.)canalways doanythinghelikesonthespurofthe moment,withoutconsultingthosewho remainunnecessarilyhorny-handed andwithunfurnishedminds.Andit iswhenhecometoconsiderthismind, thesecondofthegreatmythsormonsters,thatwemeasuretheimaginative heightstowhichthedistinguished travellerandmanofsciencecanrise.

NowitisquitetruethatmanyCapitalists,ormostCapitalists,haveconcentratedtheirmindsonthespending ofmoney,whenmanyotherpeople haveearnedit.And,inSirHarry's ownromanticsense,wemayallrecognisethesplendidworkdonebyCaptainKiddinconcentratinginoneship thewealththatagreatmanyother shipshavegatheredup.Itwasco, tainlyaformofunification;itbrought manythingsunderthepurviewofone greatMind;andthatseemstobewhat isrequired.Butthoselessromantic maystillfindsomethingtocriticisein theconditionofaffairs.

Thecapitalististhemanwhoowns thecapital.Thatiswhatheis;ana soikthatisallheis.Thereisnosortof reasonforsupposingthatheisthe manwho()wily:themind.Butthis philosophytilksofhimasifhewere theonlymanwhoownedahead;as:f hewalkedtheworldamongcrowdsof headlessmen.Thatalonesuggestsa fieldforfancies;andimpliesasortot. fairyland.Perhapsitissomeverbal associationbetweencapitalismand capitation-orevendecapitation.Perhopstheclassiclearning,displayedin 4ealingwithth,HigherCriticism,

translatesacapitalista,goneadorned withacaput.

Earnestly,nayeagerly,Ihastento explainthatSirHarryJohnstondoes notthinkthis;butwhatdoeshe think,andwhydoeshethinkit?What isthemodernmyththathasgotinto theheadofsonaturallyacuteand active-mindedamodernman?The answeristhatscientificasheisand scepticalashebelieveshimselftobe, heisinfluencedinallthisbyasortof romanceorreligionofmodernity.He isinfluencedbyimagination;byall thosenovelsandnovelleswhichswarm withthesupermenoffinance;orby thosefarmorefictitiousnarrativesin thenewspaperswhichpreachavulgarisedBonapartismofBusinessGovernment. ButBusinessGovernmentisaUtoNia andthenewsofitisNewsfrom owhere.Thewholeofthewriters conceptionofmodernCapitalism-ests onareversalofreality.TheCapitalistisnotaheadtowhichmanyhands contribute.Itisnearerthetruthto sayheisahandtowhichmanyheads contribute. Andthatbringsustothethird myth;thataboutthehornyhands thatcanonlygatherupthewealth. Now,itisnothandsthatreallygather anything.SirHarryJohnstonlivesin fairyland;butevenheneversawa handallbyitselfreapingacornfield orcuttingdownatree.Ahanddoes notsufficealone,liketheHandof Glory,todiscoverordigupcoalany morethangold.Ahanddoesnotappearaloneagainstthewall,asinBelshazzar'sdream,eithertolaythe bricksortohangthewall-paper.All suchmattersinvolvetheemployment ofheads,andgenerallyofhead-work.

ThatUnfurnishedMind.

IfanyHigherCriticorscientificreformerwilltrytogetcoaloutofa mineorscatterseedinafield,orcast anetorevencatcharat,hewillprobablyfail,notmerelyinthehandbut inthehead.Hewilldiscoverwithdistress,thathehaswhatSirHarrydescribesasanunfurnishedmind.But therearethousandsofpoorpeoplesurvivingwhosemindsinsuchrespects,so farfrombeingunfurnished,arefullof oldbutverysolidandvaluablefurniture.Likeagreatdealofsuchfurniture,itwillprobablybediscovered whenithasbeendestroyed;andthe culturedwillhuntforitinthedustbinwhentheyhavedrivenitoutofthe cottage. Anagriculturallabourer.forinstance, isbuttheservileparodyofapeasant butevenanagriculturallabourer,who knowsthecraftsofacountryside, cannotbesaidinanysensetohavean unfurnishedmind.Whatcanperhaps besaidisthatthemodernproduct, trainedincheekandcheapscience,has averypoorlyfurnishedmind;afurniturethatwillsoonbreakupinto sticks.Anyhow.theexperimentalist willfindhislackoftheexperienceof thehorny-handed.Heismuchmore likelytofeelthathedoesnotknow howto"gatherup"thewealththanhe everfelt,asamererichman.thathe didnotknowhowtogetrid.ofit.

SirHarryJohnsonreallysays,inso manywords,thatitistheheadthat spendswealthandthehandthatmakes it.Itwouldbemuchtruertosaythat theheadalonecouldmakeanything, butthatthehand,alonecouldalmost betrustedtochuckitaway.Atleast spendinginvolvesratherlessheadworkthanisinvolvedinmosthandwork.SirHarry'sscornforthe horny-handedisassuperficialandinsensibleasthephraseitselforthefact thatitdescribes.Itisonthemind thatthecallositieshaveformed;and onemightdescribesuchsuperiorpersonsasthehorny-headed.

NowthepointIwouldputtoreadersandwritersofasincerelysecular organlikethe"Humanist"isobvious

enough.Thoseofuswhoclingabjectlytoabelief"inthemythsofthe MiddleAges"arenotlikelytobedetachedfromthemby-ascientificcritic whoseemssosingularlyblindtothe factsofthemodernworld.Wehappento'holdthatsuchcurrentopinion isfarmorecredulousthanamore Christianage.ThemythsoftheMiddleAges,forinstance,didnotpersuadeamanthatIsaacofYorkwasa typicalYorkshiremanWeknowthat modernmencanbepersuadedupon suchapoint,inthefaceoftheman's portrait-intheillustratedpapers.Nor wasitamythimposedbymysticalauthoritythatIsaacofYorkmustbea greatandgoodman,merelybecausehe hadthespendingofavastamountof moneywhichmanyhandshadgathered up.

SoStrangelyDuped. WhatSirHarryandhisHumanists havetoshowisnotthattheyare freefromwhattheyregardasdelusionsaltogetherdistantanddead,but thattheyarefreefromthecharacteristicdelusionsoftheirownday.And theyaresoveryfarfrombeingfreeof them,theyaresostrangelyduped evenbytheworstofthem,thatweare notatalldisposedtoapologisefor thinkingthemythsoftheMiddleAges abettertrainingforthemind. Whatshockstheminwhattheycall Shillitotteryis,Ifancy,thefactthat theChristiansideisnolongeronthe defensive.Inthespiritualcityof whichtheyarecitizens,ithaslong beenthesportofthemarketplaceto throwstonesandcat-callsatthe churchandsteeple;andespeciallyto deridethecrossfornotdischargingthe functionsoftheweathercock.Butof latetherehascomeavoicefromthe silentsteeple,perhapsfromthebell whichisitsancienttongue;itissome. whathuskyatpresent,butitseemsto besayingtothemarketsomethinga littlelikethis: "YousaythatIamdecayed,thatI amsuperstitious,thatIamhypocritical.Butwhataboutyou?What abouttheidolsofthemarketplace andtheimposturesofthemart?Ifyou thinkourlegendsarelies,atleasttney arenotdailylies,likethoseyou-turn outinyourdailypapers.Youfancy weconfessthatourcreedsareillogical; butatleastwedonotboastthatthey areillogical,asyourlawyersdoabout theirconstitutionsandtheircourts. Youthinkoursaintsareinsanelyidolisedfortheirvirtues;butatleastthey arenotidolisedfortheirvices,asare thecapitalistsandcommercialmagnateswhomyouflatterandadore.You saythatourinfluencehasdeclined; yes,indeed,ourinfluencehasdeclined; andhewholookslongandclearly, acrossthelabyrinthofsewersandgutters,willrealisehowmuch."

YoungIrelandSociety

ThemeetingonMondayeveninglast waspositiveevidencethattheenthusiasmofthemembersisasactiveas ever,andthatthereisnodangerof anyimmediatedecaytostaletheinfinitevarietyoftheyoungGaelswhocontributetotheprogramme.Every meetinglatelyhasbeendescribedas "thebestwe'veyethad."Nothing seemstodamptheardourofthemembers.Nothingwould-exceptalong speech.Theprogrammewastheusual one,songandstory,musicanddance, withatwinklingspeech,colouredwith green,white,andyellowinbetweenas asortoftrimming.Mr.P.O'Brien broughtabitofthe"olddart"into viewwithhisselectiononthepipes. Theyaddedapalatableflavourtothe programme.Mr.PaddyRyanwasin greatform,andhiscontributionsdisturbedeventhemostsedatefeatures. EverybodylaughswhenthisjovialGael getsreminiscent.MissMaryRyan's - sweetsingingwasanadditionalcharm, andthesongsoftheMissesMcCarthy andMcNamarawonthatappreciation whichisusually.giventotheirefforts. Mr.A.Boylan'sfinevoicewasheard toadvantageinhisselectedsong,and Mr.TomKinsella'sdancinglostnone

ofitssprightliness.TomButlerwas "onhisown"asusual,andfilledabig placeinthebill.Mr.JackKinsella doesn'taimatbeingaJohnMcCormack,butthere'sagoodflavouring oftheoldIrishfiresidemusicinhis songs-mostlytheoldfolkliketohear Jacksing.Averyenjoyableevening wasclosedwiththesingingof"God SaveIreland." Thenextmeetingshouldbeaneven largerone,asthesocietyisexpectedto makeabigcontributioninthedisplay onSt.Patrick'sDay.

EnthronementoftheSacredHearth! theFamily.PicturesandformsofCon secrationfromld.upto2/6.Ordo's for1919.OrderstakenforMr.Cyril Bryan'sbook,"ArchbishopMannix." SHINE'SCATHOLICBOOBDEPOT,cr.PIERandMURRAY-STS,

ROAD,SUBIACO. ONLYPRIMEFRESHKILLED MEATSOLD. 'Phone1341. 49FIRST-AVENUE,MT.LAWLEY. ASKFOR PHIL.RYAN DODGEMOTORCARFORHIRE DAYORNIGHT. CarNo.

ofSt. Joseph. ThisBoardingSchoolissituatedin oneofthemostattractiveandhealthy suburbsofPerth,andcommandsade lightfulviewoftheSwanRiverand City.Theviewfromtheupperportion ofthebuildingisoneofthefinestand mostpicturesque.Thegroundsare ample,andwelllaidout.

Fordelightfulsituation,beautiful scenery,andhealthyclimate,Mt.St. Joseph'sstandsunrivalled.

Thecourseofstudyembracesallthe branchesofathoroughEnglisheducation,Mathematics,Elocution,Physical Culture,Drawing,Painting,Music,and Needlework.

Specialfacilitiesareofferedtopupils desirousoffollowingacommercial courseinStenography,Typewriting, andBookkeeping.

PupilsarepreparedfortheUniversity,CommercialandMusicalExam. inations.

ThehealthandcomfortofthechildrenconfidedtothemarecarefullyattendedtobytheSisters.

Forfurtherparticularsapplytothe SISTERSUPERIOR, Mt.St.Joseph'sConvent, SouthPerth. Telephone,U9.

CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Harrison,proprietor,SwanBeeronly That'sall.

HibernianAustralasianCatholicBenefitSociety.

(ApprovedbytheHierarchyoftheChurchandRegisteredundertheFriendlySocieties'ActsofAustralasia).

ItsWatchwordsare:RELIGION,NATIONALITY,CATHOLICITY,BENEVOLENCE.

ItisessentiallyIrishandCatholic,anditSpeciallyAppealstoCatholics(malesandfemales),demandingtheir SUPPORTandALLEGIANCE.BrancheswillbeestablishedinanyLOCALITYonreceiptbytheDISTRICTSECRETARYofarequisitionSIGNEDbyTENPERSONS,sanctionedbythePRIESTofthe

DidIrelandDoHerBit?

YES-ANDMORE.

(ByanEnglishWriterin DidIrelanddoherbit?Afewminutes'reflectionwillshowthatnot onlydidshedoherbit,but,asusual, agreatdealmore;and,asusual,she isgettingmuchlesscreditthansheis entitledto.WeIrishare,afterall,a sensible,level-headedbusinesspeople; anIrishmanina'businessdealisjust askeenasanyotherman,and'knows whichsidehisbreadisbutteredon; butweliketomakeourownbutter, ratherthantaketheadulteratedstuff Englandhasbeeninthehabitofgivingus.

Mostofyourcorrespondentsseem toforgetthatIrelandisanagriculturalcountry,anddoesnotpossess teemingindustrialtownsseethingwith menofmilitaryage.Yetwhileshe hadnotmillionsofmentosendinto thefightingline,shedidequallywell bysendingyoufood.Thefollowing quotationisextractedfrom"TheRe. portontheTradeinImportsandExports"atIrishports,1915(C.O.MS). 1917.ExportsfromIreland:

Totalanimalfood £37,000,000

Totalvegetablefood 3,000,000

Thisconsistsof:Livestock 119,241,429

Deadmeat 6,226.429

Eggs,poultry.butter 12,816,178

Fish 669,991

Fruitandvegetables 1,005.749

Grain(forhumanfood' 1,519,093

Feedingstuffs(animal) 530,634

1 SAVOYCAFE

HAY-STREET(nextMetropoleHotel), BasementJ.W.Barnard's,Ltd. MEALSATALLHOURS. G.STACK.

"Everyman,"London.) cando,"saysMr.LloydGeorge,"isto putforthextraexertion." AndyettheCoalControllertellsus theoutput'permanwentsteadily down,untilitwasthelowestinthe historyofcoal-mining. "Wehaveidlepitsandvastthousandsofmenoutatthemostmomentouscrisisofthewaroveradisputeas towhethermeal-timescountinthe miners'54hours'week,"pointedouta writerinapopularSundaynewspaper. AllthisisinEngland.AndIreland sends£80,000,000worthoffoodannually.WecansafelyleaveIreland'scase tofuturehistorians.Meanwhileher soulisherown.

"freedomoftheSeas"

WHATDOESITMEAN?

Justwhatisthemeaningofthat simple-soundingphrase,"Thefreedom oftheseas?"EversincePresident WilsonmadeitthebasisofArticleII ofhisfamous14points,therehasbeen muchdiscussionofthephrase. Thisinterpretationisfrom"The LouisvilleCourier-Journal":

"'Thefreedomoftheseas'means, inageneralway,thatbeyondthelimitsofterritorialwatersallPowershad equalrightstousetheseaswithout interferencefromanyquarter,unless warrantedbyspecialagreements.

Atpresent-dayratesthesefigures wouldbeover£77,000,000,andinadditiontothisincreaseinvaluethefollowingadditiontothefoodproduction ofIrelandmustbeconsidered.The totalacreageofcropsin.Irelandin1912 was2.32millions.Since1915there hasbeenanincreaseinthetillageareaofamillionacres.Thisisan increaseofapproximately50percent. Takingtheexportsof1915atpresentdaypricesas4.6millions,theincrease wouldmean.2.3millions,oratotalof 6.9millions.Thesurplusforexport however.comprisesafargreaterproportionofthe31-3millionofacres nowundercultivationthanitdidof the2.3millionsofacrescultivatedin 1915. Itwouldprobably takethefiguresat£9,000,000. HowmanyEnglishmenrealisefully thatIrelandhasbeenformanyyears arichstorehouseforfoodforEngland, andespeciallysincethewarbroke out?HowmanyrealisethatIreland istheonly-utsidesourceofsupply for"store"cattlefromwhichthe home-killedmeatsupplyofGreat13ritainisnowobtained?Irelandisnot suchabacknumberassomeofyour correspondentswouldhaveusbelieve, "Ourcountrymenwhogaveustheir lives!"exclaimsMr.CahirHealy. "Whataboutthemillionswhomade noattempt,"growlsMr.Robertson. Mr.RobertsonwritesfromGlasgow.Is thisasampleofScottishhumour? ThepopulationofIrelandisunder41 millions.Theaveragefamilyinthese islandsconsistsoffivepersons.Can Mr.Robertsonshowuswherethemillionsweretocomefromandstillexport80millionsworthoffoodtoEngland?Weareasked:Whenhavethe Irishraceshow!:truemilitarycourage?IsthisanothereffortofCaledonianwit?Themilitaryhistoryof theIrishpeopledidnotbeginwiththe BoerWar.IhaveanideathatIrish footmenfoughtatCrecy;therewere someevenatBannockburn.Irish valourisemblazonedinlettersofgold upontheannalsofalmostalltheContinentalnations,andthehistoryof AmericanIndependenceblazeswith themilitarycourageandnobleideals ofIrishmenforcedbymisgovernment toleavetheirnativeland.Thirty. threepercent.ofthepresent-dayAmericanarmyandnavyareofIrish hirtti,ordescent. TheDukeofWellingtonsaid:'Mc lords,itismainlytotheIrishCatholicsthatweoweallourproudpredominanceinourmilitarycareer,and thatIpersonallyamindebtedforthe laurelswithwhichyouhavebeen pleasedtodecoratemybrow. We mustconfess.mylords,thatwithout CatholicbloodandCatholicvalour10 victorycouldhaveeverbeenobtained. andthefirstmilitarytalentsmight havebeenexertedinvain."

"Attheoutbreakofthegreatwar fouryearsagothelawofthesea,as appliedtoterritorialwaters,waspretty wellunderstood.TherightsofriparianStateswererecognisedovera limitedportionoftheircoastalwaters andgulfs,bays,canals,straitsand rivers.includedwhollyorpartially withintheirterritories.Suchrights, th..ughstoppingshortofcomplete soveregnty,authorisedimportantpolicepowers,withtheregulationofbelligerentnavigation,throughterritorial waters,asdefinedbyinternational law.Theextentofthosewaterswas alsoregulatedbyinternationallaw.It remainsforthosewhoproposetoremakethemapoftheworldtore-write, clearlydefineandinvestwithbinding authority,thelawofthesea. The EntenteAllieshaveleftthatquestion openintheirapprovalofPresident Wilson'stermsofpeace."

ThePresidenthasgonetoParisto interprethisbasistopeace.tothe peacecommissioners.Probablynone ofhis14pointswillrequiremoreexplanationthanthesecond,whichfollows:-

"Absolutefreedomofnavigation upontheseasoutsideterritorialwaters alikeinpeaceandinwar,exceptas theseasmaybeclosedinwholeorin partby.internationalactionfortheenforcementofinternationalcovenants."

GreatBritainwillprobablyrefuseto acceptthatclausewithoutconsiderablemodificationandinterpretation, ifwemayjudgebytheviewexpressedbythe"LondonSaturdayReview":

"Frankly,thereisnopersonof whomwearesomuchafraidatthis hourasPresidentWilson,andwesay itwithaprofoundrespectforhishigh characterandstation.Indeed,itis justbecauseweknowtheindependenceofhismindandthepurityofhis purposethatweareafraidofhim. PresidentWilsonisanidealist,and idealistsaresometimesverydanger. ouspeople.TheAmericans,takenin themass,areacuriouscompoundof sentimentalityandrealism.Buttheir President'sidealismisanidolofthe theatre,andisquiteuntouchedbythe realismoftheforumorthetribe.

"Thelimitofterritorialwatersis. threemiles,whichwasfixedinthe timeofsailingvessels,orwhensteam navigationwasinitsinfancy.In thesedays,u-hengunshavebeenbuilt tocarry70miles,andcaneasilyhita markat15miles,whensteamand electricityhavedevelopedallkindsof methodsofwarfare,thethree-mile limitwouldbeabsurd.Itwouldbe necessarytoreturntothemareclausurn(closedsea)fortheChanneland ourcoasts.Wecouldneveraccept this."

AfterallthispotheraboutIreland. mayIdrawyourcorrespondents'attentiontotheconditionsthatobtain inEngland?

InEngand.sointensewasthedesiretobeattheGermansthatuehad astrikewaveincotton,coal,and otherindustries,even'busesand Tubes.Astrikewaveinwar-time! "Coalisvictory!"criesMarshalFoch: minersofBritain,helpme!" "Withoutcoal,"proclaimsAdmiral Beatty."theBriti,11navywouldI..' paralysed."Thebesttheminersinourland

Self-resignation-thehavingnowill butGod's-ishardtolearn;but,in proportionaswelearnit,wehavea peace(whateverouroutwardtrials maybe)whichcannotbeexplained, becauseit"passethallunderstanding."

-R.A.J.Spalding.

Welookwithtendereyesuponthose welove,andsightothinkwemay, perchance,notbeontheshorewhen theylaunchtheirlittlebarques,forgettingHimWhoholdsthewindsinHis handsandregardsthefallofthespar

SinnFeinMovementSupported SLASHINGSPEECH

BYHON.HUGHMAHON.

GreatinterestcentredintheIrish patrioticdemonstrationwhichwasorganisedbytheCelticClub.Melbourne, andheldatMorningtononthe26th.of lastmonth.Over2,000peopleleftMelbournebysteamerforthefavourite wateringplace.Duringthe30-miles runtheIrishPipers'BandplayedinspiritingIrishairs,andIrishdances andIrishsongscontributedtomake theatmosphereliterally"allIrish." AmongstthosepresentweretheHon. HughMahon,theHon.FrankTudor (LeaderoftheFederalOpposition), Mr.FrankBrennan..M.H.R.,andseveralmembersoftheStateParliament.

Thespeechofthedaywasmadeby theHon.HughMahon,inmovingthe followingresolution: "ThatthismeetingofAustralian citizens-

"(1)Affirmsthesolerightofthe Irishpeopletodeterminetheform ofgovernmenttobeestablishedin Irelan.(I "GritslaviewoftherepeatedperfidyofsuccessiveBritishGovernmentsinrelationtoIreland,approves ofandendorsestheactionofIrish membersinrefusingtositintheBritishParliament;and "(3)ImpressesonthePeaceConferencethatanyracialreadjustment ofEuropeancountrieswhichfailsto endowtheancientnationofIreland withthesamerightofdetermining itsformofgovernmentasisgranted tootherdistinctraceswouldbea violationofthefundamentalprinciple ofdemocracy,arepudiationofthe highprofessionsoftheAlliesinthe latewar,andmustultimatelyprovokeanotherarmedconflict."

EnglishRuleofIrelandImpeached.

Mr.Mahonsaid:-

IregretthatourgreatArchbishop isnotheretotakechargeofthisresolution.(Applause.)Hewoulddoit thejusticewhichitsimportancedeserves,andofwhichIfeelincapable. YouwillallhavereadtherecentannouncementthattheArchbishopwas abouttoforsakeAustralia-(laughter) -asIdid,withalarmandrealregret. Itseemedincredibleatfirst,butbeing vouchedforbyMr.Snowball,certain peoplewillsurelytakeitasauthentic. (Prolongedlaughter.)Thesourceof Mr.Snowball'searlyinformationhas notbeendisclosed.Perhapsheisin directcommunicationwiththeVatican.(Laughter.,Thereistheother possibilitythattheworthymanisa Jesuitindisguise.(Sustainedlaughter.)Thesearetopsy-turvytimes,and esoneofMr.Snowball'skidneyrecentlyassuredusthattherewereat largesome15.000,000Jestits,moreor less,whocansayintowhatdarkrecessestheymaynothavepenetrated? (Laughter.?Ofcourse,itmayhappen thatMr.Snowballismisinformed;that heisbarkingupthewrongtree,soto speak-acaninediversioninwhichhis sortnotinfrequentlyindulge.Maywe notinterprettheraptureoftheSnowballelementattherumoureddepartureoftheArchbishopasindicativeof thewholesomefearhehasinspiredin them?(Loudapplause.)Well,theextentoftheirhateandfearisthemeasureoftheadmirationandaffectionfor hisGraceofthedemocracyofAustralia.(Prolongedapplause.' Tothefirstpartofthisresolutionno genuinedemocratcanhonestlydissent.(Applause.'Itmerelyaffirmsa fundamentalprincipleofdemocracy, thatGovernmentsexistonlywiththe sanctionofthegoverned.(Applause.)

AllthatIrelandasksisthatsheshall befreeastireistraliaistochooseher ownformofgovernment.(Applause.)

If,forinstance,shehankersaftera LegislativeCounciloftheVictorian brand,sheisfullyentitledtohaveit, oranyotherpoliticalanachronism.We maybesurethatshewillsoonshed whatiseffete,andfashioninstitutions whichpermitafullexpansionofthe ',popularwillandgiveimpulsetothe welfareofherpeople(Applause.)

itwasasolemnactoftheBritishLegislature,signedbytheKing-virtually atreaty-betweentwonations-thatit wasacceptedbyIrelandingoodfaith, andultimatelydishonouredbyEngland.("Shame!")Youcouldnot haveamoreconclusivedemonstration thanthisofthefutilityofmereParliamentaryaction.Byalltherulesof thegame-bytherules,infact,laid downbyEnglandherself-Irelandwon thecontest,yetheropponentrefused todeliverthestakePeoplewhothink thatthegameshouldberenewedwith nothingmorethanthesamecards:nust taketheIrishtobefools,whoareincapableofprofitingbyexperience. (Applause.

TheSinnFeinPolicyisRightand Proper.

TherefusaloftheIrishmembersto sitintheLondonParliamentisthe naturalandlogicaloutcomeofthat Parliament'srefusaltoenforceitsown law.(Loudapplause.)Weendorse thatdecisionbythisresolution.(Applause.)ApartfromitsvalueincompellingtheIrishpeopletoinvoketheir owninherentpowers,thisdecisionsimplifiestheIrishsituationtotheoutsiat world,andrevealslikeaflashthesinisteratitudeofthe"championofsmall nations."(Applause.)Youwillhardly expectit,buttheSinnFeinpolicyin thisrespectwasanticipatedandapprovedbyagreatEnglishParliamentarian.(Applause.)

Mr.JohnBrightOutspoken. 1848JohnBrightcondemnedthe IrishrepresentationinLondonas"a fraud"(whichitwas)-(applause).andadded:-

"Ibelieveitwouldbefarbetter iftherewerenorepresentationatall, becausetheIrishpeoplewouldnot thenbedeludedbytheideathat theyhadarepresentativeGovernmenttoprotecttheirinterests." (Loudapplause.)Ineedaddnothing furthertocommendthispartofthe resolutiontoyouracceptance.

StrikingComparisons. Englishpoliticiansandtheirapologistsoftenattempttoexcusetheir failuretosettletheIrishquestionbecauseofwhattheycallitscomplexities.TheysaythattherearetwodistinctracesinIreland,eachcherishing antagonisticideals,andthatthese mustbereconciledbeforegrantingfull self-government.(Derisivelaughter.) Thisismerefustian-acloakofcant inwhichinsinceritymasksitself.(Applause.)InCanadatheFrenchminority,apeopledistinctinrace,religion, andspeech.havebeenobligedtocooperateintheformofgovernment createdbytheEnglishmajority.No Ulsterpleawasputforwardtoexcuse theirisolationfromtheirfellow-citizens.LookattheUnitedStates, wheretherearenotonlytwo,butprobablytwenty.diverseraces.Human historydisclosesnosharperormore violentantagonismthanthatwhichexistedbetweentheSouthernConfederacyandtheNorthernStates.TheissuedividingtheseStateswasnotafictitiousone,suchasismadetheexcuse forignoringthedemandoftheIrish majority.(Applause.)Itwasanissue whichadmittedofnoconpromise.'And hadtheseStatesbeensubordinatetoa centralpowercorrespondingtoEngland'srelationtoIreland,theirquarrel, vitalasitwas,musthavebeenadjustedwithoutbloodshed.ButtheSouthernminoritywasultimatelyforcedto yield.Thecauseforwhichitfought (andinwhich,bytheway,ithadthe activecountenanceofEngland)isrecalledonlywithshame,whiletheAmericanUnionto-dayisasolidconfederacyfromtheItlantictothePacific. (Applause.

ApplyThistoIreland.

oftherestofAustraliamustbeignored?(Applause.)UlsteristoIreland whatthesmallerStateswould,insuch case,betoAustralia.Wesometimes hearthatUlsterissolidlyhostileto HomeRule.Thefactisquitethereverse.(Applause.)TheNationalists vastlyoutnumbertheanti-IrishelementinmostoftheUlstercounties, andinseveralParliamentstheyhada majorityoftheUlsterrepresentation. IfOrangeismisstrong,itisonlyinits stupidprejudices,andinthepower whichwealthbestowsonitscapitalistic backers.Thesimplefactisthatnowhereontheglobe,exceptinIreland, isanunpatrioticandintolerantfactionpermittedtosuccessfullyinterposeitswillagainstthesettleddeterminationofthevastmajorityofthe community.(Loudapplause.)

AnAmusingAustralianPolitician.

"AWorthlessScrapofPaper." Thesecondpartoftheresolution statesafactthatnoonefamiliarwith Irishhistorywillattempttochallenge, foritisundeniablytruethatBritish Governmentshaveneverkeptfaith withIrelandwhenabreachoffaithpromotedtheirinterestsorservedtosolidifytheprivilegesoftheforeigngarrison.(Applause.)Ishallnotwaste yourtimebyrecitingthelongcatalogueoftheseperfidies.Itissufficienttorecallthelatest,th,nighnotthe worst.Irefertotherepudiationofthe ActofParliamentconferringHome Rule,which,liketheMir.'guarantee ofBelgium'sinviolability,provedtobe aworthless"scrapofpaper."Thismeasurewaswonafter40yearsconstitutionaleffort.Itisimmaterialnowto considerwhetherornotiscontained thegermofapermanent:t!ementof theIrishquestion.The,intisthat

ApplytoIrelandtheprinciplevindicatedbyAmericaandCanada,the principlegoverningAustralia,andthe Irishquestioncanbesettledintwentyfourhours.(Loudapplause.)Sofar frombeingcomplex,theIrishquestion presentsnodifficultywhatevertothose whohonestlydesiretodojusticeto Ireland.(Applause.)Britainneeddo inIrelandonlywhatshehasdone elsewhere-recognisethatthemajority mustrule.(Applause.)Thatcourse isopposedonlybythefastdiminishing factionwhohavenoalternatiVetooffer exceptforce,whowouldbring"Bayonetstotilltheblightedland, Andswordstosoothedisease."

AnAptParallel.

Letmecitealocalparalleltobring hometoyoutheintolerablesituation inIreland.Assumethatfourofthe mostpopulousAustralianStateshad repeatedlydemandedautonomyfrom theLondonGovernment,andthatthe twosmallerStatesobjected.How longwouldwesubmittobetoldthat, becauseofthisobjection,becausethe minorityfearedthelossoftheirspecial privileges,thematureddetermination

St.Patrick'sDayCelebrations

1919

OnMondayevening,the17th,inst., thegeneralcommitteeoftheabovedemonstrationmetintheParochialHall oftheArchbishop'sPalace,underthe presidencyofMonsignorVerling.There wasanexcellentattendance,andthe enthusiasmwhichcharacterisedthe firstmeetingwasasstronglyevident. Afterthereadingandconfirmationof theminutesofthepreviousmeeting, considerationwasgiventocorrespondencefromHighgateHillLadies'ConferenceofSt.VincentdePaul,making applicationforthesolerightsofprovidingluncheononthegrounds;from theTrottingAssociationretrotting itemontheprogramme;from.thesecretaryoftheClontarfOrphanage Band,intimatingthebandwouldbeat thedisposalofthecommitteeforthe procession;fromtheFremantleC.Y.M. Society;andthesecretaryoftheRoyal AgriculturalSociety,statingconditions underwhichtheClaremontShow Groundwouldbegrantedforthesports demonstrationonMarch17th.

Therecentgyrationsofacertain AustralianpoliticianinLondonhave greatlyamusedhis.formerassociates here,ifnotthegeneralpublic.(Laugater.)Hiseffortstokeepinthelimelightandsecureaprominentplaceat thePeaceConference,inwhichheappearstohavefailed,aresomewhat pathetic.Itisveryunfortunatefor AustraliathatsomeonemoretrulyreflectingthepublicfeelingofthiscountrythanW.M.Hughesisnottotake partinthathistoricassemblage,since Australianinterestsrequiretobeproperlysafeguardedthere.(Applause However,thepointIdesiretostressis this:TheAustralianParliament,which Mr.Hughesissupposedtorepresent. hasrepeatedlypronouncedinfavourof HomeRuleforIreland.Australian democracyhasapprovedandratified thesepronouncements.Mr.Hughesis quitefamiliarwiththesefacts.Yet onesearchesinvainamongsthisnumerousvociferousoutburstsforasingle wordfavourabletoIreland.Hehas thrusthimself,uninvited,intomany Empirecontroversies,someofonlyremoteinteresttoAustralia.Butthe pacificationofIreland,oneofthemost pressingandimportantEmpirequestions,hasbeencompletelydisregarded byhim.Inignoringithehasflouted theParliamentandpeopleofthiscountry.(Applause.)Fortunately,ireland'svoicewillbeheardatthePeace Conferencewithouthisassistance,per. hapsinspiteofhisopposition.(Applause.)Ireland'srepresentativesmust beadmittedandheardthere.(Applause.)Theirrightissecondtothat ofnootheroppressedandpersecuted "smallnation,"noteventoPoland's. Thatrightisbased,notonlyonethnologicalandgeographicalgrounds, butonthegloriousfactthatIreland hasneversurrenderedherclaimto sovereigntynoracknowledgedthesupremacyofherforeignusurper.(Prolongedapplause.)Thisconference wouldproclaimitselfthemostgigantic fraudinhumanhistoryif,throughany influence,itsdoorswereshutagainst therepresentativesoftheancientnationofIreland.(Loudapplause.)If theconferenceis"tomaketheworld safefordemocracy."thenitmustprovidefortherecognitionandsafetyof democracyinIreland.(Applause.)If thereistobeaLeagueofNations,then Irelandmusthaveherplaceinit.(Ap, plause.)FortymillionsoftheIrish racedemandit,andproclaimthatthere willbenopermanentpeaceonthis planetuntilthelandoftheirfathersis unshackled-(applause)-andherpeoplefreeasotherstoregulatetheir livesinaccordancewiththeirnational ideals.(Sustainedapplause.) IrelandandtheLeagueofNations. AndifthereistobeaLeagueof Nations,whyshouldBritainseektoexcludeIrelandfromit?(Applause.) TheprofessedobjectoftheLeague:s toputanendtowar.Now,themain Englishreasonforleg-ropingIreland wastopreventtheislandfrombecomingabaseofoperationsforahostile forceagainstGreatBritain.Well,if therearetobenowarsinthefuture, thisreasoncompletelydisappears.(Applause.)Unlessallthistalkofendingwarisutterhumbug,Englandha, nothingtofearevenfromanIrishRepublic.Sothegreattestingtimeof Britian'ssolicitudeforsmallnationsis athand.withaworldalertlycritical lookingon.(Applause.)Belgiumis free,butIrelandremainsundermartial lawandinoccupationofaforeignsoldiery.("Shame!")Iftheprofessions ofEngland'srulersforaLeagueofNationstostopwarsbesincere,theywill stopthewarexistinginIreland,welcometheIrishrepresentativestothe PeaceConference,andgiveprompt effecttosuchreadjustmentoftherelationsofthetwocountriesasthegreat CouncilofNationsmaydirect.(Loud andprolongedapplause.)

READ

Thereisinourmidstacurioustype ofIrishman. KERRYICEISBRIGHT, ANDTHEPRICEISRIGHT, YourPatronageSolicited. RINGA8225,

Theattitudeoftheboardcontrolling theRoyalAgriculturalShowGrounds, asoutlinedintheirsecretary'sletterto thecommittee,wassubjectedtoconsiderablecomment,andeventuallya motionwascarriedrescindingtheresolutionadoptedatapreviousmeeting whichfixedtheClaremontShow Groundsastheplaceforholdingthe sportsdemonstrationonSt.Patrick's Day.

Adeputationwhichwaitedonthe W.A.C.A,receivedaveryfavourable offer,andthemeetingbyresolutiondecidedtoacceptit.Thisyear'sdemonstrationwill,thereforebeheldon theW.A.C.A.Ground.

TheapplicationoftheHighgateHill Ladies'ConferenceofSt.Vincentde Paulwasaccepted,theladiestoprovidetheirownaccommodation.

Amotiontorescindthedateofthe demonstrationfromMonday,the17th, toSaturday,the15th.,wasrejected afterconsiderablediscussion.

Thequestionofhavingapatriotic addressdeliveredonthegroundwas discussed.Theproposal,afterbeing welldebated,wasnegatived.

ReferencewasmadebyMr.J.J.PurtelltothegenerousofferofArchbishop Mannixwhichplacedatthedisposalof theVictorianMinisterofHealththe servicesoftheNunsandChristianBrothersduringtheinfluenzaepidemic. Theopinionofthemeetingwasitneedednospecialmentionintheminutes,as suchincidentsarecommoninthemissionoftheCatholicChurch.

Thenextmeetingwilltakeplaceon March3rd.

TheSt.Patrick'sConcert,whichis totakeplace'onTuesday,March18th, promisestobeagreatsuccess.Ata meetingoftheconcertcommitteeon Thursdaynight,itwasannouncedthat thefollowingartistswouldtakepart intheprogramme:-MissGladysEdwards,MissDorisHorrigan,MissLylia Hocking,MissLilyWholley,MissKathleenFanning,MissDianaRattazzi, andMessrs.PeterRoxbyandW.Ginivan.Therewillalsobyatableauby thepupilsoftheLoretoConvent,and aquartettewillrenderselectionsfrom "LilyofKillarney"opera.The membersoftheYoungIrelandSociety willbeseeninaneight-handreel,while theschoolchildrenofthevarious Catholicschoolswillalsotakepartin theconcert.

WestPerthNotes

Thefourthoftheseriesofpictureson Mondayeveninglastwaspresented, andtherewaseveryevidencethatthe screeningsgavethefullestsatisfaction tothosewhopatronisedthem.Alot ofnewandinterestingitemsyetremain tobescreened.Pictorialnewsfilms willbeincludedinfuturebudgets,becauseaGazette.itisthought.isalwaysattractiveandacceptable.Fatty ArbuckleandthefascinatingEnidBennettweredelightfulfavouritesonMondayeveninglast.Anewprogramme ofpictureswillbeshownonMonday eveningnext,the24th.inst.Dropin whenyouarepassing.You'llenjoy thetwohour;ofmoonlightandpleasure.

Thevolunteerswhogavetheirservicessogenerouslytocleartheway afterthepicturesconcludedonMondayeveningrenderedvaluableand gratifyingassistancetothemanager andhesincerelythanksthem.The sameamountofassistancewillbe gladlywelcomedonnextMondayevening.

Thefilmpieceswentoilverysatisfactorily.

TheriverexcursiononTuesdaywas a,tremendoussuccess,theZephyrbeing taxedtotheutmostlimitsofitsspace. Everybodywasthere-wereyou?The programmeofvocalandinstrumental itemswas"class."

Theeuchrepartyanddanceatthe Nrth'PerthTownHallonThursday ev_Haglastwasasocialandfinancial success.Thefunctionwaspromoted intheinterestoftheNorthPerthStall aspartoftheBazaarinconnection withSt.Brigid's.Everythingwent offwithaswing:anditwasobvious thattheeventwasthoroughlyenjoyed. Btheway.aseriesofthesegatherings ar,nowbeingarrangedattheHiberrt.,:-.Hall.Nextweekfurtherinfonnati,:-.willbegiven.

Wereyoueverburdenedwithnotions thatsomeconcertedactionshouldbe takentoremoveatonefellswoopthe ne_eesityforthemonthlycollectionof fundsinaidofSt.Brigid'sChurch Debt?Well.inthatregardweare n:ontheeveofthe"bigpush."

* R.:curdyourvotewithoneorother ofthepopulargirls.Youwouldbe surp:.isedhowthepenniesmountiup.

Giveeartotheoverturessoessentiailyandpersistentlymadebyyenticketsnowinourmidst.Each isanaccreditedagentfortheBazaar. Ca..-ethemyourpatienceandattention tothefull.

Aticketintheraffleforthestallof the'.2hildrenofMaryshouldbesecuredTheprizesarehandsomeand valuable.

alotofgoodisculminatingone wa:oranotherontheperiodicalmeetingcfCausewhoareregularlydeliberWin;astowhatwillbethenextmove in..amectionwithSt.Brigid'sBazaar. No':aweekterminateswithoutmaking anaddendumtotheoriginalrosterof eventsarrangedforsubmissiontoparishE,ners.

pictures.inadditiontomore thanpayingtheirway.areaffording scopeforthepurchaseofabio.machine,whi!ehisbeingeffectedinportions.relyingongoodnatureddonationsfromfriends.Who'llbethenext tocontribute?Ottcompletionofthis de:Awe'llthenhaveourownstock-in'e * *

Awellattendedmeetingofladiesand gentiemeninterestedinfurtheringthe

candidatureofMissDorisHorrigan, thepopulargirlforNorthPerth,took placeatherparents'residence,Leakestreet,onMondayevening,the10th. inst.SeveralmembersofthePerth OperaticandChoralSocietywerepresent,acommitteewasformed,and Mrs.M.CoganandMr.T.McDowellappointedjointhon.secretaryandtreasurer.Itwasdecidedtohold,asthe firstofaseriesofentertainments,a concertand.danceattheNorthPerth TownHallonThursdayevening,the 27th.inst.Thechargeforadmission willbethemodestshilling,andassome ofPerth'sleadingamateurvocalists willtakepartpatronsareassuredofa goodevening'sentertainment.Afirstclasspianistewillplayforthedancing, soloversofthelightfantasticwillbe wellcateredfor.Don'tforget.next Thursdayevening,the27th,at8o'clock, NorthPerthTownHall.Concert,8to 10;dancingtill12o'clock.Admission Is.

SportsandPastimes (By"Wattle.")

CHICKET.

Saturday'sPlay.

Claremont(2021.v.NorthPerth. WestPerth1192,,v.Subiaco-Leeders vale(onefor611.

PerformancesofNote.

Batting.-Veryard 51;Rowe (C1.).43:Healy(S.L.1,42;Edmondson(W.P.1,39:Carter(C1.1.30:Robinson(CU,28. Bowling.-Buttsworth(N.P.).bfor 51;Healy(S.L.).2for13.

Batv.Ball.

Twenty-onewicketsfellfor455runsanaverageofover21perwicket,the bestformanyaday.

Claremontv.NorthPerth. PlayedatLoton's.Thestateof thegroundisreferredtoelsewhere. ThebattingoftheClaremontsidewas solid,ratherthanbrilliant.Rowe showedtobestadvantageingetting43. Hewasunluckytolosehiswicket. caughtbehindoffabumpingball.As usual.themajorityofhisrunswere scoredinfrontofthewicket.He scoredquickly,inbrightcontrastto mostofhisside.NexttothisperformanceCarter,with30,wasmost pleasing.Hescoredquickly,keeping theballwelldownalongthecarpet.He hassomequaintmannerismswhenat thewickets.butpossessesabilityboth asabatsmanandafieldsman.Robinson,whoopenedwithThompson,was veryslowincompilinghis28.He. however,gavethesideagoodstart. andtoagreatextenttookthesting outofthebowling.Bandy.whoultimatelyboss-ledhim.alwayshadhim indifficulties.Banksplayedcorrect andsparklingcricketforhis23.Buttsworth,whoborethebruntoftheattack,finishedupwiththegoodfigures of6for51.Hekeptagoodlength throughoutandvariedhispacewell. He"telegraphs"his"wrong'unina muchtooapparentstyle. Bandy (2for641.A.Evans(Ifor261,and Christian(1for341accountedforthe remainingwickets. AtSubiaco.WestPerthhitup192. JackVeryard,thehardyevergreen,led thewaywithoneoverthehalfcentury.ThereisnomistakingJack's usefulnesstotheside.Ifhefailswith theballheinvariablycomestolight withagoodTattingperformance,and oftenbringsoffagooddouble.Seldom isthathefailsinbothdepartments, andhisfieldingisalwaystop-notch. Thereishardlyaplayerinthegame to-daywhoreturnsaballaswellas hedoes.Edmondson,anotheroldstag. er.waswelltotheforewithacharac tesisticallycompiled39 Thejunior,

R.Clark,gaveapleasingdisplayfor his17. HisplayingofReardon's bumpyonesstampshimasaplucky batsman.Guy16,A.Veryard12,H. Evers11,R.Diamond11,andR. Hogue12notout,alsonegotiated doublefigures, Lehman(5for651securedthebowlingaverage.Healy(2for131,Reardon(2for40),Bryant(1for28),securedtheothers. HoganandHealywerethepioneer batsmenforthehomeside,butwhereasHealyplayedforciblecricket,Hogan wascontenttoplaythebarn-door style.Healywasthefirsttogo,havingscored42inquicktimebyexcellentcricket.Atdrawingofstumps"Subi" had1-42-61ontheboard.

ANewCuratorfortheW.A.C.A. Ground.

Theresignationofthepresentcuratorhavingbeenhandedin,theexecutivesetaboutprocuringanewman fortheposition.The"powersthat be,"intheirwisdom,advertisedinthe East,but'naryanad.wasinsertedin ourlocalpapers.Thereasonofthisis hardtofindWhynotgivealocalas- pirantachanceofapplyingJustat atimewhenmostpeopleherearesay- inghardthingsofthewisemenofthe East,ourW.A.C.A.executive,bytheir action,sayplainlythatitisoutofthe questiontocontemplateanyperson capableoflookingaftersuchaground astheW.A.C.A.makinghisabodein W.A.Personally,Iknowofonesuitableapplicant,whohasbeenwaiting forthead.toappiarlocally.Perhaps itisnotyettoolatetogivelocaltalentachance,butevidentlytheexecutivehasdecideditmustbeanoutsider. Itwasmentionedinacontemporarylastweekthananapplicationhadbeen receivedfromanoldemployeeofthe EastMelbourneGround.Thisinformationisnodoubtcorrect,buthow aretheapplicationsknownbeforethey havebeenconsideredbytheexecutive? NudoubttheEastMelbournemanis firstfavourite.However,itistobe hopedthattheexecutivewillbefortunateinsecuringagoodman,andlet ushope,locally.Nodoubtafirstratecuratorcanbeobtained,butlet themnotexpectacurator-cum-barman, becausetheywillnotgetboth.

Thereturnof"Dolph"Heinrich:,to thegame,afteranabsenceoffiveyears, wasmarkedbyagooddisplayofbatting.TheFremantleitenotched20by goodcricket.Hewasespeciallygood ontheonside,andpresentedastraight bladetoeverythingsentdown.He wasthelastmanout,afterquitea lengthystayatthewickets.

"Nipper"Truscottwasanother"come back"seenoutforClaremont.Hewas notquitesosuccessfulasHeinrichs, butgaveaglimpseofold-timeform.It istobehopedthatmoreofthosewho droppedoutduringthewarperiodwill comebacktothegame.

Thegroundat"Loton's"onSaturdaywasinashockinglybadcondition. Theoutfieldwasonemassoflong grass,whichcostClaremonteasilyhalf acenturyofruns.Itwasabadday forcricketwhenJimRobertsleftPerth Oval.Notonlyisthegrasslong,but thewitketsalsohavegreatlydeteriorated.ThequestionCuaremontisaskingis"Willthegrassbecutto-day"? A.D.Hillsays"No"-perhapshe knowssomething.

To-dayEastPerth,havingthebye, journeytoUpperSwantotryconclusionswiththelocaleleven.They hopetobringhome"theashes."

CriterionHotel,Perth,Keg.Hatrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly. all,

F.C.M.Society

Theweeklymeetingoftheaboveso-

cietywasheldonTuesdayeveninglast, wheretherewasalargeattendance.It ispleasingtonotetheenthusiasmnow beingdisplayedbypracticallythe wholeofthemembersintheireffortsto advancethesociety.

OnTuesdayeveningnextasmoke socialisbeingheld,andwillnodoubt ,breakthemonotonyofthepasttwo months.Theenergeticcommitteenow inofficearedoinggreatwork,andthe eventpromisestosurpassanythingon recordinthesociety.Thepriceof admissionisonlyls.,andanexcellent programmeofmusicalitemshasbeen presentedbythevice-president.Mr.J. Lawrence,whomadehimselfresponsibleforsame.Thesamegentleman, withthehelpofMr.J.J.Fitzgerald.has alsoinhandtheformationofadebatingsociety,whichismeetingwithhuge success.Thedebatetohavebeenheldsrn' withthePerthC.Y.111.Societyhadto bepostponedtosomefuturedate,owingto unableourmoreablerdebatersbeing toattendonthenightsetaside.

Thelibrary,whichhasnotAzived muchattentionoflate,isaga' oming,andmanynewperiodicalsofan educationalnaturearebeingprocured. Thelibraryhadbeenintheneedofreadjustmentforsomeconsiderabletime, butthelibrarian,Mr.TomCullity,has nowmadeitworthyofpatronage. Itmightalsobementionedthatthe sportingsideofthesocietyisnotidle. OwingtotheenergeticeffortsofMr. J.McLindenasports'committeehas beenformed,andithasbeendecided tocompeteintheSt.Patrick'sDay Celebrations.

Ithasalsobeenproposedtoplaya cricketmatchatCoogee,themembers ofSt.Patrick'sCricketClub,allof whomaremembersofthesociety,to playtherestofthesociety.Itwas leftinthehandsofthesecretaryto findoutwhatSundaythegroundwould beavailable.

Owingtothefactthatmostofour membersbelongtotheyachtingfraternity,itwasdecidedtoholdcommittee meetingseveryalternateTuesdayinsteadofonSunday.

People,PlacesandThings

TOMYBLACKTHORNSTICK, (ByP.J.Dillon.)

AcharadhilisfromIreland,(1) Here'sawelcomingbed Foryourlittlebrownhead

Inthepalmofmysun-brownedhand.

Iprideinthesinew

Thatslumberswithinyou, Thetoughnessandthestrength; AndIprideinthesheen

Ofyourskinbhatadroighin,(2)

Andtheknobsonyourtaperinglength.

0''tistornupbytherootsyouwere, likemyself,achuidmochroiddhe,(3)

FromtheIrishglenthatnursedusboth afarbeyondthesea.

Andwasn'titthebrightandpleasant glen, Abhatadroighin?

IWonderisitnowasitwasthen-

Withthelittleriversinging.eversingingasitsped, Withthegreengrassforac!rpetand theblueskyoverhead, Andthefileofstatelypoplartreesthat lntinelleditsdead; Faraorgear!abhata(4)

Butitslimitsinthehappydaysgone by, Abhatadroighin, Wemarkedtheboundariesofour world,didyouandI,

Itboastednotofcourtlypomps,nor flauntedraimentfine.

Ithadlittleofthecornandoil,and nothingofthewine: Butthesapthatfilledyourveins,a gradh,thebloodthatflowed throughmine, Tookstrengthfromitsbreast,a bhata.

Thememoryofitalliswithmestill, Abhatadroighin; Icanseetheblacksmith'sforgeupon thehill.

Icansmellthescentthattheflowers gaveoutwhenthefieldswere wetwithdew, Andheartheblackbirdssinginginthe busheswhereyougrew. Theyflewfrombranchtobranch,a stoir,(5)but'tisfurtherthat weflew; Overthelong,wideworld,abhata.

So.acharadhilisfromIreland, Here'sawelcomingbed Foryourlittlebrownhead Inthepalmofmysun-brownedhand. Notsomuchfurthesinew Thatslumberswithinyou. Thetoughnessandthestrength, Northeelegantsheen Ofyourskin,bhataclroighin. Northeknobsonyourtaperining length. Butforsakeofthefriendsanddays thataregone,agradhdhil dhubhmochroidhe,(6) AndtheIrishglenthatnursedus both.afarbeyondthesea.

Note.

1)A'korraveelish-Ohdearfriend.

chargeandgovernmentoveryou;followingwithagladmindandwilltheir godlyadmonitions?"Butsofarhe hashadno"godlyadmonition,"and stillless"agodlyjudgment."Explaininghisgeneralposition,hesays:-"ProbablyhadIstoodinmypulpitand preachedontheonehandnearlyevery doctrineofRome,orontheotherhand preached,astheModernistsdoevery Sundayalloverthecountry,denialsof theveryfoundationofourChristian faith,littleornothingwouldhavebeen saidbythoseinauthority;buttoexchangepulpitswithanorthodoxNonconformistholdingallthe'essentials,' that,apparevaly,isanunforgivableoffenceagainstmyordinationvows."

-

Theprocessofthebeatificationofthe Ven.AnnaMariaTaiga.aRomanwomanbelongingtothehumblestwalks inlife,iscomingtoafavourableclose, andverysoonageneralmeetingofthe SacredCongregationofRiteswillbe heldinpresenceofPopeBenedictfor thesolemnapprobationofthemiracles ofthisholywoman.TheVen.Anna M.Taigadiedin1837,whenGregory XVI.hadoccupiedthePapalthrone forsixyears.Herhusbandheldthe postofdoor-keeperatthepalaceof PrinceDoria.scionofthegreatRoman familythatgavetotheChurchInnocentX.Inthispositionthesaintly womanrearedalargefamily,upon whichtheblessingsofheavenseemedto beshowered.Someyearsagowhen theChurchdeclaredthisservantof GodentitledtothehonourofbeingcalledVenerable.herbodywasexhumed fromSt.Lorenzoandconveyedwithin thecitywallstobedepositedinthe ChurchoftheTinitarians,St.GrisogonuinTrastevere.Itwouldseem thatsaintsinstinctivelyrecognise saints.TheVen.AnnaM.Taigachose asherconfessortheVen.Vincenzo Pallotti,aRuffianpriest,whodiedin 1850intheodourofsanctityafter foundingthePiousSocietyofMissions. whichhasnowhousesinAustralia. America,etc.

CountTorreDiazwasrecentlycalled tohisreward.Hewasvice-president oftheSocietyofSt.VincentdePaul, towhoseactivitieshedevotedmany yearsofhislonglife;amemberof theboardofmanagementoftheHospitalofSt.JohnandSt.Elizabeth, andchairmanoftheCatholicSeamen'sHomeandInstitute,andtoall theseorganisationshisdeathisavery greatandalmostirreparableloss.He wasaGentlemanoftheBedchamber totheKingofSpain,andheldthe OrdersoftheGrandCrossofIsabella CatolicaandtheGlandCrossofSt. Gregory.Throughthemarriageof hissisterwithSenorMerrydelValthe lateCountwasanuncleofCardinal MerrydelVal.Hewasmarriedtwice -firsttoadaughteroftheHon.FrederickPetre,and,secondly,toadaughteroftheeighthLordCliffordofChudleigh,whosurviveshim,TheRequiem washeldatSt.James',Spanish-place, whichhisEminenceCardinalBourne attended,andgavetheabsolutions. AmongstotherspresentwereLordEdmundTalbot,BishopButt,Monsignor Jackman,MonsignorCartondeWiart, theSpanishAmbassadorandMadame MerrydelVal,M.AlfonsodeZuieta, MissesZuleta,CountdeCanogo,the MarquessdelosArcos,LordCliffordof Chudleigh,theSpanishConsul-General, etc, * to HisGraveArchbishopDuhig,of Brisbane,whohopestoleavehisarchdiocesethisyearforEurope,maybe accompaniedbyamemberofthefirm ofarchitectswhowillbeentrusted withthebuildingofthenewCathedral. Speakingrecentlyhesaidhehopedto beabletoinspectthechiefecclesiasticalbuildingsontheContinent,andto gatherinformationaboutthematerials suitablefortheembellishmentofthe interiorofthebuilding,althoughhis greatwishwasthat,asfaraspossible, allthematerialandworkmanship shouldbeAustralian.Thesiteofthe Cathedral,hisGracecontinued,wasaccordingtosurveytheverycentreof thecityofBrisbane.Thegrounds wereampleand,astheChurchowned mostofthepropertybetweenGotha andWarrenstreets,itwouldbepossibletomakemagnificentapproaches tothecathedral.Theexteriorofthe buildingwouldbeofselectedQueenslandstone,andtheinteriorofsolid brickandcement.Thegreatfeature ofthebuildingwouldbethedome, whichwouldrisetoagreatheight, overlookingeveryportionofthecity. Astofunds,hisGracehadnofear,as hewasrelyingonthegenerosityofthe public,who,sincehisadventtoBrisbaneasCoadjutor-Archbishop,hadlaid outprobably£500,000onbuildingsconnectedwithreligionandeducation.

saryofhisbirthday,andheisasvigourousasthedayhesucceededtothe SeeofSydneyinAugust,1911.His GracewasbornatWaterfordin1850, andwasordainedpriestonNovember 1,1872.HewasappointedCoadjutorArchbishopofSydneyonJuly20,1901, andwasconsecratedonAugust15the sameyear.

CardinalManningusedtosaythata priestshoulddiewithoutdebtsand withoutmoney.Heliveduptohis ownmaxim,Whenhistimecamehe hadofmoneyhardlyenoughtobury him.ThelateArchbishopKeane,of Dubuque,founderoftheCatholicUniversity,wasofthesamemind.This isanextractfromhislastwill:"Ihave alwaysconsidereditwasmyduty,asa priestofJesusChrist,tohavenopersonalbelongingswhatsoever,beyond thebooks,clothingandthelikeutilities calledforbymydailylife:andIam happytobeabletodeclarethatsubstantiallysuchhasalwaysbeenmycondition,andthatsuchitisto-day.Any personalrevenuethathasbeenmine hasbeenheldandusedsolelytomeet theappealsofcharity,whichhasnever failedtobeequaltothetotalofmy income.ForthatendalonehaveI everhad,orhavenow,abankaccount -simplyasameansforsendingsuch contributions.Hence,iftherehappen, atthetimeofmydeath,tobeanybalancetomycreditinourSecondNationalBank,itbelongstoanycharity claimantswhomayapplyforit;orit maybeusedfortheexpensesofmy funeral,whichIwishtobeassimple andinexpensiveaspossible."Inthese daysofgreed,thewordsandtheexampleofsuchChristiansasthosetwo greatBishopsareallthemorestrikingbyreasonoftheirdivergencefrom thecommoncrazeforriches.

WhenYouWant

(2)A'vawthadhreen--Myblackthornstick.(Thisparticularblackthornstickgrewonlandthatbelonged tomypeoplefor'centuries.)

13)Akwidh khree0portionof myheart.

(4)Fawraregare-Alas!

(5)A'sthore-Otreasure.

(6)A'grawyeelghuvm'khree-O clear,dark-complexionedloveofmy heart.

TheBishopofPeterborough,addressingtheRuralDeanofPeterborough, observedthattherecentactiontaken bytheVicarofLongthorpe(theRev. E.S.O'Reilly!inexchangingpulpits withaBaptistministerleaveshimno coursebutAfmakeanemphaticprotestagainsthisdisregardoftheessentialsofthesituation.TheChurchof Englandhasplacedresponsibilityregardingadmissiontoherpulpitsitsthe handsoftheBishops,andnotofthe individualincumbents.Thisispart andparcelofthatdisciplinewhichMr. O'Reilly.inthesolemnmomentofhis ""ordination,sworetoobserve.This. saystheLondon"Tablet,"soundsimpressive,butunfortunatelyitfailedto impresstheinnovatingVicar.Hehas beenquicktopointoutthattheBishop hasneither"inhibitedme"noradministered''agodlyadmonition."Even thefamousformulaofthebadgered PrivateSecretary,"Iwillgivevoua good-strongpush."wasthoughttoo strongfortheoccasion.Wequote Mr.O'Reilly'swords:"Itisquitetrue theBishopwrotemeacivilletter,tellingme,asperhapshewasboundtodo asanofficialoftheChurch,thatIwas transgressingChurchorder.Buthe didn'tforbidmetomaketheexchange, butsimplysaidthatitwasnodoubt 'toolatetocanceltheexistingarrangements.'"WithregardtohisordinationvilWstheVicarisquitehappy.He cheerfullyquotesthevowinquestion, asfollows:--Willyoureverentlyobey yourOrdinary,andotherchiefministers,untowhomiscommittedthe

AlthoughtheArmisticehasbeen signedandhostilitiesactuallyceased, saysanEnglishcontemporary.the KnightsofC,'Iambushaveredoubled theireffortst''provideforthecomfort oftheAmericansoldiersandsailors hereinEngland,aswellasfurthoseon theContinent.InScotland.during thepastweek,twonewKnightsus ColumbusClubshavebeenopened,one atGlasgowandanotheratEdinburgh. whichmakethreeinScotlandatthe presenttime.;herehavingbeenaClub inoperationatlnvergordonforthe pastthreemonths.Glasgow.EdinburghandInvergordonaregreatnaval basesfortheAmericanFleet,andmen ;ireonshore):ateatthesepointscontinually.Another.newClubhasbeen openedatKnottyAshCamp.near Liverpool.Menhavebeensentto CardiffandPlymouthtoopenadditionalplaces.TheClubsinoperationin Englandaremeetingwithgreatsuccess,andareprovingverypopular. Twenty-fivenewsecretarieshavebeen addedrecentlytotheKnightsofColumbuspersonnelfortheBritishIsles andthedutiesofanumberofthese secretariesaretovisithospitals throughoutEnglandandtodistribute tobacco,chocelate,fruitandreading matter.Thegreatworkofthe Knightsof ',11nbuswasmuchinevidenceovertlChristmasperiod.Autos loadedwith )(Ithingswereconstantlyleavingheatiquartersat6,Haymarket.London.forthedifferentpoints wherethemenarestationed.Amillioncigarette,:areexpectedtoarrive fromtheStates,andonthecoverof eachpackageisstampedthewell knownsign theKnightsofColumbus.Thousandsofpoundsofcandy, athleticgoods,gamesofeverydescription,etc..arealsoonthewayfromthe NewYorkheadquarters.Theslogan oftheKnightsofColumbus,"EverybodyWelcomeandEverythingFree"is beingapprec'atedbyallmembersof theUnitedS:atesforcesthroughout EnglandandtheContinent.The KnightsofC'lumbusreceivenocompensationwhatsoeverforanythingthey doforthe intheService.At266, EdgwareRotel.London,isaKnightsof ColumbusClub.whereanumberof bedsarefurnishedwithoutcharge. AlsoattheClubatGlasgow,Scotland, theClubisreallyahotel,andbedsare providedfree.Thesameruleholdsio thedistribute-nofallmerchandise.All propertyoft..cKnightsofColumbusis givenaway.Intheabsenceofany greatnumberofKnightsofColum!:ut chaplains,theLondonofficehasarrangedwiththedifferentEnglishchaplain:: throughoutEnglandandScotlandto lookafterthspiritualwelfareofthe menintheS,-vice, Ripeinye..e-sandriperstillinthe affectionofh.-friendsandtherespect andadmiratinofLondonCatholics,

TheHon.PeterMcCracken,whoformerlyrepresentedtheLabourGovernmentintheLegislativeCouncilof Tasmania,andhasrecentlytakenresidenceatMalvern,Victoria,ondeparturefromTasmania.receivedacomplimentaryletterfromthechairmanof theexecutiveoftheUnitedIrishLeagueforthegoodworkinadvocating therightofthepeopleofIrelandfor self-government.Hereplied,expressinghiswishforthepresident,Mr.M. M.Ryan,toconveytothemembers hissincerethanksfortheverykind letter.lielookshackwithpleasure on-hisassociationwiththesupporters ofHomeRuleforIrelandsincethe visitofMessrs.W.K.Redmond,M.P., andJohnWalshe,thefirstenvoys,in 1881,anddeploresthelossofthetwo distinguishedbrothers,JohnandCaptainNV.K.Redmond,whodidsomuch forthenationalcause.Hehopesthat assoonasthepeacetermsareconcludedbigotryandignorantprejudice willdisappear,andhenceforthIreland willenjoythepeace,happinessand prosperityinducedbythesamerights andprivilegesunderwhichweprosper inthisCommonwealth.

From"IntheWinterGarden"ofthe "Freeman'sJournal,"wetakethefollowing:"ThematernitybonusistroublingActing-PremierWattsomuchthat heissharpeningabluepenciltowrite innewprovisionswherebythesalary earnedbythebreadwinnerwillbethe factorcontrollingthesizeofthegift. DespiteJoeCook'ssneersthatitwas onlyabanglebonus,andwouldberepudiatedbymanyofthewomenfolk, Mr.Wattannouncedmournfullythat onlyonewomaninahundredforgotorfelttooproud-tocollectthemoney. Afterallissaidanddone,theattendantmedicoandthenursepickedthe eyesoutofthebonusandthehouse savingsbeforethemotherwasableto getabout.Generallythedoctorhas addedE1Is.tohisfee,andthenurse, nottobeoutofthefinancialhunt,reckonedanotherhalf-a-guineaonherbill wouldnotbeamiss.Thebabybonus wasagoodthing;butsomebodymust payforthetripofSenatorPearceand hisfamilyoffivetoLondon."

ArchbishopKelly,ofSydney,on February13,attainedthe68thanniver-

Thecourseofinstructionincludesa thoroughEnglishEducation,Bookkeeping,Shorthand,Typewriting, Piano,Violin,andTheoryofMusic, Drawing,Painting(oilsandwatercolours'.PlainandOrnamentalNeedlework.

ADiscountismadeinfavourofSisters. Forfurtherparticulars,applytothe SISTERSUPERIOR, Convent,Kellerberrin.

YOUNGIRELANDSOCIETYOF WESTERNAUSTRALIA.

UnderthePatronageofHisGracethe Archbishop.

Objects:ThestudyoftheLanguage, Music,History,Literature,andDancingofIreland,andtherevivalofthe idealsofanIrish-Ireland.

MEETSeveryMONDAYat8p.m. inSociety'sRooms,over"WA. Record"Office,Murraystreet. Monthly Juveniles,Subscription:Ladiesand 6d;Gen'lemen,ls.

T.SLATTERY,Hon.Secretary.

St.Patrick'sDayCelebrations, 1919

W.A.0A.GROUND,HAY-ST.EAST. MONDAY,MARCH17.

Entriesfortheundermentioned AthleticEventsclosewithMr.J.J. Snigg,Clothier,Barrack-street,on,or before.March3rd:-

75YardsBoys'Race.

440Yards'Handicap(open).

220Yards'Handicap(open).

120Yards'HurdleRace(open).

120Yards'Handicap(opentomembersofCatholicSchools,Colleges,and IrishandCatholicSocieties).

120Yards'Championship(Schools andCollegesonly).

HighJump. Teams'RelayRace.

NominationFee,ls.SchoolsandCollegesFree. ProgrammeofSchoolEventsobtain. ablefromHeadMasters.

MARISTBROTHERS.

J.TULLY, C.A.GUILFOYLE, Hon.Secs.

NOTICE.

WillFrankO'Meehan,lateofEast Perth,kindlycallatthisoffice,where hewilllearnsameringtohisadvant age?

MOONLIGHTRIVEREXCURSION, (ProceedsinAidofGosnellsChurch.)

TUESDAY,FEBRUARY25,1919

S.S.ZEPHYR WillLeaveBarrack-streetJettyat p.m.sharp. Tickets,Is. J.TULLYandJ.CLEAVE. Hon.Secs.

INMEMORIAM. GUHL.-Ofyourcharity,prayforthe repineofthesoulofourdear mother,AgnesCeceliaGuhl,who departedthislifeonFebruary22. 1915.

SacredHeartofJesus,havemercyonhersoul. -Insertedbyherlovingchildren.

TOOMEY.-InlovingmemoryofJosephToomey,accidentallykilledat Beverley.onFebruary20,1917.R.I.P.

ImmaculateHeartofMary, Yourprayersforhimextol; SacredHeartofJesus, Havemercyonhissoul. -Insertedbyhisaffectionatesister.

Mrs.C.McCarthy.14Hopetounterrace. WestSubiaco.

FremantleB682. JOSEPHC.SEMEEN, UNDERTAKERandFUNERAL FURNISHER, Newmanstreet(nearTownHall), Fremantle. LowestChargesintheState. TelephoneA1060.

Pe11/:4.,Reccrd

"ACatholicnewspaperinaparishis aperpetualmission." -LEOXIII.

REV.T.R.O'GRADY, EditorandManager.

TheEditor'sNote-Book

HaveyounoticedthatWestralia,the loyal,isdevelopingSinnFeintendencies?Someofourleadingloyalists arenowwhimperingagainstFederation.Theywanttherightofself-determinationforourlittleState.Of course,thereismuchinwhattheysay. buttheyareoftheveryclasswhich woulddenytheIrishinIrelandwhat theyseekfortheWestralianshere.

St.Patrick'sDayisgoingtobea greataffair.AreYOUhelpingtomake itso?

TheRev.Worrall,ofMelbourne.is howlingagainsttheNunsgetting chargeoftheExhibitionBuildingsto nursetheinfluenzapatients.Yetwe findthattheRev.W.W.Hebb,form- erlyBaptistministeratBoulderCity. isriskingbodyandsoulbybecoming aninmateofSt.John'sHospital,Subiaco.Anditispossiblethatpoor narrow-minded,stupidWorrallmay somedaybenursedbythosewhomhe designates"asacerdotallytrainedband ofanti-Protestants.".*

*

FormanyyearspastourSt.Patrick'sDavDemonstrationshavebeen heldontheRoyalAgriculturalShow GroundsatClaremont.Itwasfound tobeaconvenienttrystingplacefor theGael,andhadalltheconveniences necessaryforthecomfortofthebig gatheringsthatconvenedthereonthe occasionoftheannualcelebrationof thegreatfeastdayofIreland'spatron saint.Hithertothereseemedtobeno difficultyingettingtheuseofthe grounds,butitwouldseemthatthe horridbigotrywhichwasrecentlydisplayedagainsttheIrishinMelbourne byanatrabilousLordMayorhasfound anechointheWest.Thereisevidence ofanundercurrentoffeelingatwork againstIrishnationalsentimentinthis State.andtheactionoftheauthorities responsibleforthelettingoftheShow Groundinrefusingtheusualrebate andraisingtherentalby£5,andfurthermakingotherconditionswhich wouldnecessitateadditionaloutlay,is, toputitmildly,anunfriendlyact.Theletterpresentedtothecommitteelast Mondayeveningcreatedconsiderable

discussion.Itleftnodoubtinthe mindsofthevariousspeakersofits unfriendlynature.Noguaranteewas giventhatthegroundwouldbeavailableforthe17th,becauseaprovisowas addedwhichwouldleavethecommitteeundertheshadowofgraveuncer- taintyuptothe'dayofthecelebration. TheIrishcommunityinthisStateask nofavours.Aslaw-abidingcitizens, andweshallsayasgenerouscitizens,theyclaimequalitywithothersections ofthecommunity,andexpectthesame measureofconsiderationgiventoother nationalities.Inotheryearscourtesy wasextendedtothembythemanagt.. mentofthispopularpleasureground. Whatisnowbehindthechangedatti- tudeofthisaugustbody?

TheCharityofWorrall

Duringtheweek,strangethingshave beentakingplaceintheplague-stricken Victoriancapital.The"generousand competent"offeroftheSistersof MercyandCharitybyDr.Mannixhas beengraciouslyacceptedbyMr.Bowser,MinisterforHealthintheVictorian Cabinet.But,immediately,sothe morningpapertoldus(andalthough wewaitedaslongaswereasonably could,wehavenofurtherexplanation),theRev.Worrall,andthenursewith theyellowcognomencriedoutagainst theoffer.Thegratuitousofferofthe nursingSisterstoattendtothesick anddyinghasbeendespisedbyanallegedministeroftheGospelonthe groundsthattheNunsare"sacerdotally trained,andanti-Protestant."New, letusclearawaytheirrelevantterms andcomedowntoprinciples.Tobeginwith,nursingSisters,oranyotherreligiousbodiesofwomenforthatmatter,arenot"sacerdotallytrained." Rathertheyaretrainedprimarilyaccordingtotheconstitutionsoftheir Order;andsecondly,theyareequipped inthemostefficientwayfortheduties ofthatparticularbranchofactivities whichtheyundertake,beittheteachingoftheignorant,thenursingofthe sick,orthecareofthepoorandaged. Normaytheybecalledanti-Protestant, forthesimplereasonthattheyrespect theteligionsopinionsofallwithwhom theycomeincontact.Toquoteanexample,theSistersofSt.JohnofGod inthisStatenursepeople'ofalldenominations,yet,theyneverinterfere withthe'religioussentimentsofthose undertheircare.Morethanhalfthe patientsatSt.John's,Subiaco,would benon-Catholics,yet,thesewillbear thewriteroutintheassertionthatall thegoodSistersdoistonursewitha thoroughnesswhichmaybeequalled butneverexcelled.Inlikemanner, thebabesatSt.Vincent'sFoundling Homearecaredforbythosevirgin .Sistersinwhosebosomsthrobmothers' hearts,andtheirreligiousfaithisnever interferedwith.Non-Catholicchildren attendingCatholicschoolsgetthebest trainingwithouttheleastcompromise inthematterofreligion.Sothatthe allegedassertionsoftheRev.Worrall arethoseofeitherablackguardora fool.

Havingforthemomentbrieflyde. spatchedtheassertionsoftheRev. Worrallonafactbasis,letusdealwith him,andthosewhothinklikewiseaccordingtotheprinciplesoftheChristianitytheypretendtoprofess.Either theyareChristiansortheyarenot.If theyareChristians,theymustclingto thelessonsoftheGospel.OurDivine Lordsaid:"Bythisshallallmenknow thatyouaremydisciples,thatyoulove oneanother.""Loveyourenemies." saysChrist,"dogoodtothemthathate you,blessthemthatcurseYou,etc." Now,itcannotbesaidthatDr.Mannix,northeNuns,areenemiesofthe Rev.Worrall.Infact,wereWorrall indeath-agonyinthemorning,wehave nodoubtbutthecarebestoweduponhimbythesewouldbenolessthan onanyprominentCatholicinthat city.Yet,hepoursouthisenvenomed hateagainstthosewhonotonlyin wordbutinpracticearepreparedto followthedoctrinesoftheirBeloved Master,JesusChrist.TheseNunsare prepared,withoutanymaterialreward. torisktheirlivesinthecauseof humanity,andwhiletheydoso.abigot yelpsandwhinesagainsttheirChristiancharity.

Dr.Mannix,asacitizen,mayberefusedtheExhibitionBuildings,but,if theSistersaretobepreventedtheexerciseofcharity,then,itservesthe bigotsofMelbournetoorightlyifthey aremadetofeelthe'virulenceofthe

awfulplaguebecauseuitheirown effortstostaythearmofefficiency.If theRev.Worrallandhisfollowersare sincereintheirprotesttheyshowtoall fair-mindedcitizensoftheCommonwealththattheirChristianityisnil. TheyactdirectlyagainsttheGospelof theSaviour,andlackeverymarkindicativeoftheCharityoftheLoving Redeemer,

NewsoftheArchdiocese

CALENDARFORFEBRUARY.

Sunday,23(Purplei-SexagesimaSunMonday,24(Red(-St.Mathias,Apos- tle. Tuesday,25(Purples-Feria. Wednesday,26(Purples-Feria. Thursday,27(Purple-Feria. Friday,28(Purple)-Feria.

MARCH. Saturday,.((White)--OftheB.V.M.on Saturday.

DiocesanEngagements., Sunday,March2nd.-Blessingaiknew ChurchatGosnells,10a.m. Sunday,March9.-Confirmationat Ravensthorpe. Tuesday,March25.-HisGracewillpre- sideattheCeremonyofReception ofNovicesattheConventof Mercy,Coolgardie.

ClericalChangesintheArchdioceseof Perth.

VeryRev.DeanKieivappointedin chargeofGuildford-MidlandParish,in successiontoFatherMorris-RIP.

VeryRev.FatherDonogher,V.F.,to KalgoorlieParish,andVeryRev.Philip SheirdantothechargeofBoulder.

Rev.JohnMoloneyhasbeenappoint- edinchargeofthenewparishcomprisingArranmore,OsbornePark,and Wanneroodistricts.

FatherH.Kearinhasbeentransfer. redfromVictoriaParktoBeverley. andFatherHayeshasbeenappointed inchargeofVictoriaPark.

FatherP.SheridanhasbeentransferredtoKalgoorlie,andFatherLysni, toBoulder.

localandGeneral

SincehisarrivalinPerth,Mr.Cevin, ofWirth'sCircus,hasbeenaninmate ofSt.Omer'sHospital,Havelock-street.BothMr.andMrs.Cevinearedevout andedifyingCatholics.

OnTuesdayeveningnext,February23th,at8o'clock,MissOliveNorthintendstostartlethepublicwiththe magnificenceoftheGardenFete,tobe heldonthelawnathermother'sresi- dence,"Avondale,"Thomas-street, Sunbury,inaidofhercandidaturein thepopulargirlcompetitionforthe ChurchBuildingFund.Croquet,quiots. bobs.andothergameswillbeindulg- edin,andasplendidmusicalpro- grammehasbeenarranged.Refreshmentscanbeobtainedforthemodest sumofsixpence,alsoacooldrinkand fruitstallwillbeinevidence.Those anxiousoftakingapeepintothefuture willbegivenanopportunityofcon- sultinganoracle,andquiteaniceevening'samusementispromised.011ie hasbeenchosenbytheschoolchildren cfSt.Joseph'sSchooltorepresentthem inthecompetition,andthechildren areputtingfortheveryeffort,soalarge numberofgrown-upsareanticipated andhopedfortohelpthisyoungcandidate.

Mr.andMrs.GeorgeQua4rmaine,of SouthPerth,maywellAtgratulate themselvesonthewonderfulescape frominjury,andperhapsmoreserious consequences,thattheiryoungdaugh- ter.agedoneyearsandninemonths, haclafortnightago.Theaccident happenedonthetraintoYorkabout milesfromthatcity.Thecarriage r.whichhadnotbeenclosedpro- perly.burstopen,andthechildfellout asthetrainwasgoingat25milesan hour.Thealarmwasgiven,andthe trainpoledupamilefurtherdownthe line.Thetrainthenwentbackwards tothesceneofthedisaster,andtothe surpriseandjoyofalltheymettheinfanttoddlingalongthelinetomeet it.Thechildwasquiteunhurt,and notatallputoutbytheexperience.

Mr.JamesMcKeown,whohasbeen someyearsinchargeofWhitbyFalls Asylum,hasbeentransferredtoClaremont.tofillahighofficeintheHospitalfortheInsane.

Aprettylittlebeast-adonkey-can beseenatMcCarthy'sRailwayHotel anydayyouliketocallin.Itistobe raffledat3d.aticket.Theproceeds gotoforwardingthecandidatureof Mrs.McCarthyforthe-"QueenofCoon 1.r.nd.-Whenyouknowthisyou'llbuythedonkey,oraticket.

Mr.HughWilliamshasseveredhis connectionwiththeGosnellsHotel, andmanywillregrethisabsencefrom thedistrict,whereforkindnessand generosityhisnamehadbecomeabyeword.

* *

MissMarjoryCleave,ofGosnells,was tenderedafarewelltheotherevening atherhome.MissCleave,whosofar hasbeenattendingtheModernSchool, intendsgoingtoMelbpurneforacouple ofyearstopursueacourseofhigher educationindomesticeconomyand kindredsubjects.Manytributesofan eulogisticnaturewerepaidtothe younglady.BothMissCleaveand herparentsarewellknownasindefatigibleworkersineverygoodcause inthedistrictwheretheyareextremely popular. *

Mr.P.Teahan,wellknowninthe Jarrandaledistrict,isatpresentaninmateofthePerthPublicHospital,but conditionisnotserious.

MissMaggieFitzgerald,ofTuckfieldstreet,Fremantle,isspendingamost enjoyableholidayatAlbany,stayingat the Hotel.

Amogthesuccessfulcandidatesat therecentMelbourneUniversityIntermediateExaminationwasMissCarmel Whitely,ofVictoriaPark,astudent ofLoretoLadies'College,AlbertPark, Victoria.

* *

ThemanyfriendsofBombardier FrankMoore,ofMaylands,willbe pleasedtohearthatheiswell.He wrotesomeveryinterestingexperiences ofhismarchtotheRhine.

Mrs.FrankMoore,ofMaylands,was asuccessfulcandidateattherecent UnderwoodCollegeexamination,havinggainedacertificateastelegraph cperator.

*

Thosewhoholdbooksofticketsin connectionwithSt.Brigid'sChurchArt Union,arerequestedtosendthebutts andallunsoldbookstoVeryRev. FatherFagan,thePresbytery,West Perth,immediately,sothatthedrawin;maybearrangedforearlynext month.

Wehadacummunicationfrom FathsrGilroyduringtheweekasking usnottopublishAlbanyNotesin futurewithouthisapproval.

*

NOTICE. Remembertheriverexcursion,per s.s.Zephyr,takesplacenextTuesday eventing.inaidoftheGosnellsChurch BuildingFund.Beoneofthenumbertohelpinthegoodcause,and bringyourfriendswithyou.

*

"MARITANA."

*

ThePerthOperaticandChoralSocietyhavesecuredHisMajesty'sTheatreforSaturdayandMonday,March 29thana31st.,fortherevivalofthis well-knownromanticopera,andare nowactivelyrehearsingunderthe supervisionofMr.WalterHunt,lateof theAl:-.aWilkieCo.Thenettproceeisaretobedevotedtotheproduction anewcomicopera,andtothe .:Er:(MissDorisHorrigan)fund for--;rigid'sChurchBazaar.The price- admissionwillbe3s.,reserved anddresscircle;2s.backstalls, andIs.gallery.Booking6d.extraat Nici-..-zon's.Fixthesedatesinyour mind,oldtellyourfriends.

*

OnTuesday,February11th,amarriagewascelebratedatSt.Joseph's Church,Subiaco,bytheRev.FatherJ. O'Grady.betweenMr.TomFitzgibbon andMissCissieMcCarthy,daughterof M:'.andMrs.4cCarthy,ofRowlandSubiaceThebride,whowas tas-efullvrobed,wasattendedbyMiss M.a:lieMcCarthyasbridesmaid.Mr. PatFitzgibbon,brotherofthegroom, actedasbestman.Aftertheceremonytheguestswereentertainedto lightrefreshments.andthebestofgood wishesweretenderedtheyouthful brideandbridegroomfortheirfuture hitspiness.Mr.andMrs.Fitzgibbon havetakenuptheirresidenceatGosnells.

ApprovingSinnkin

Dr.Leeper,notunknowntothe bigotsofMelbourne.wasterriblyhurt bytheremarksmadebytheHon. HughMahonatthefineCelticprofessionofFaithwhichtookplacelast monthatMornington.anearbytoMelbournewateringplace.SuchevidencesofthestrengthofIrishsympathywiththenewmovementinIrelandareveryannoyingtomenofDr. Leeper'smentalconstruction,who seemtohaveauniformhabitofsaying;andwritingviciousthingsagainst thosewhodiffersvththemintheir nebulousandcrazynotions.Dr.Leeper, hischara(teristicimpetuosity.hadmuchto,sayinprintagainst theloadersintheIrishmovement,and incidentallytheHon.HughMahon.

Thewritinghadmuchofthe"ooze"of theCritchleyParkerpamphletsinit, andwasnotatallwhatoneshouldexpectfromacitizenholdingaresponsiblepositioninthecommunity.Every goodcausehashadtocontendwith theevilsofslanderandabuse.The causeofDemocracyisnotapopular one,butitismarchingon,andbehind theIrishmovementthebestinDemocracyistrampingwith,wefeel,asure andcertainstride.Perhapsthat's whythejackalsofbigotryanddisrup- tionaredisturbedintheirscavenging, andwehearthemidnightwhinesofthe LeepersandWorrals.Thefollowing trenchantreplytoDr.Leeperbythe principalspeakerattheMornington meetingiswellworthreading:TheIrishMovement.

(TotheEditorofthe"Age.")

Sir,-Advocatesofaweekcaseare usuallyfoundsupportingitbystrong language.Hencetheviolentandpro- vocativetermstowhichinthediscussionoftheIrishquestionDr.Leeper invariablyresortssuggestsself-consciousnessthathiscauseisinextremis. Youhavepermittedhimtoapplyto certainIrishleaderssuchopprobrious wordsas"traitor,""coward,""assassin,"andthelike.Perhapsyouwill allowmetoobservethat.asthechampionofthepotentialUlsterrebelswho smuggledarmsandammunitioninto IrelandfromGermanytoresistenforce. mentofanActoftheImperialParliament,Dr.Leeperisscarcelyqualified togiveadefinitionof"traitorism"acceptabletoimpartialpeople.

NothinginmyremarksatMorningtonjustifiedtheintrusionofDr.Leep erofcommentsontheincidentsof Easterweek,1916.Withoutpursuing himintoalltheby-pathsinwhichhe wanders,Iclaimtherighttoimpeach hispartisananduncalled-forjudgment oftheinsurrectionanditsleaders.Itis anobviousabuseoflanguagetocall thesemen"traitors,"sincetheyprofessednoallegiancetotheGovernment againstwhichtheytookuparms.An.I theycertainlywereno"cowards,".unlessitbecowardicetofightfairlyin theopenfield,againstoverwhelming odds,andwiththeforeknowledgethat theircausewashopelessfromtheoutset.Nounbiassedobserverhascitedanythingtothediscredito:the leadersofthatoutbreak.Onthecontrary,manyactsofheroismandselfimmolationareonindisputablerecord.

Dr.Leeperisratherunfortunatein relyingonGeneralMaxwelltosustain hisdenunciationoftheinsurgentsas "assassins."Isnotthisthediscreditedofficerwhowaspromptlyremoved fromhiscommandbytheBritishGovernment,andagainstwhomuninvestigatedchargesofunspeakablebrutality stillstand?Ifso,histestimonyisas valuableasthatoftheHuncommandersresponsibleforsimilarmassacresin FranceandBelgium.Thatthereare "assassins"inIreland,andthat"assassinations"havebeencommittedthere isunfortunatelytootrue.Theslaying ofinnocentwomenandchildrento Dublinduringthepassageofapeacefulprocessionafewyearsagoisa caseinpoint.Theshootingoftwo journalists,Sheehy-Skeffingtonand another,bothengagedonerrandsof peace,isanadditionalone.Averdict ofmurderwasrecordedinthelatter case,butthepersoninvolvedhassince regainedhisfreedom,andbythis timehasprobablybeenrestoredtohis placeintheBritisharmy.

Itisdifficult.toaccountforDr. Leeper'sdelusionthatIquotedJohn, BrightinapprovalofeverydevelopmentofthestruggleforIrishselfgovernment.YourreportshowsclearlyenoughthatIinvokedBright'sauthorityonthesinglepointoftherefusaloftheIrishmemberstositat \Vestminster.OnthatpointmyquotationfromBrightisdecisive,andremainsunaffecteilbyDr.Leeper'sattemptedattenuation.Bright'sconclusionwasbasedonthebroadfact thatnoregardwaspaidbytheBritish Parliamentofthedaytothedemancis ofthemajorityoftheIrishnation.Had heforeseenthat.inadditiontothis disregardofIrishopinion,theBritish ParliamentwouldpermititssolemndecreeconferringHomeRuleonIreland tobesuccessfullydefiedbymalcontentsinonecorneroftheisland,who candoubtthathisconvictionofthe futilityofIrishrepresentationinLondonwouldbestatedwithredoubled emphasis.

ThatinhislateryearsJohnBright divergedfromIrishNationalistsis quitetrue.Itisalsotruethathewas ofteninactivedisaccordwithmany ofhisformerEnglishpoliticalfriends. Andhehadnogreatadmirationeither forthepeculiarcultwithwhichapparentlyDr.Leeperisproudtobeidentified.Onequotationinthisconnectionwillsuffice.Afterreproaching theUlsterfactionistsfortheirhostilitytoreform,hescathinglytoldthem, "YouhavepurchasedProtestantascendancy.andthepriceyouhavepaid foritistheruinanddegradationof yourcountry."-Fours.etc.. H.MAHON.

Melbourne,30th.January.

TheMassProhibitedinSydney

TheGovernment'sDrasticDecision.

SaystheSydney"Freeman'sJournal,"ofthe6th.inst:-

ThedecisionoftheStateGovernmenttoprohibittheattendanceofCatholicsatMass.evenintheopenair underapprovedconditions,hasoccasionedconsiderablesurpriseandresentment.Itwashoped,andnotby Catholicsonly,thatthisextremeand panic-strickenactionmighthavebeen hastilyarrivedat,andthatanatttitude whichisregardedasaltogetherunreasonablewouldbemodifiedafter morematureconsideration.Thedecision,however,inspiteofprotests,still standsaswegotopress.Suchprotestsashavebeenvoicedhavebeen madeinnospiritofantagonismto theGovernmentnortotheauthorities whoareentrustedwiththedutyof fightingtheepidemicmenace.Asa matteroffact,theCatholicswerethe firsttoexpresstheirwillingnesstohelp theauthoritiesintheireffortstostamp outthedisease.ButtheCabinetgoes altogethertoofarwhenitappliesto theChurchesextrememeasureswhich, ifcarriedtotheirlogicalconclusion, wouldmeannothinglessthanthetotal abandonmentofallsocialandbusiness intercourse.Theriskofinfectionattendingaproperlyregulatedopen-air churchceremonyiscertainlynogreater,ifasgreat,asthatattendingapassagealongcrowdedthoroughfares, travellingincrowdedtrains,trams,and boats,ortheconductofordinarybusinessinshopsandcommercialhouses. Thispointofviewwasplacedbefore theauthorities.Theofferwasalso madebyourChurchtoholdopen-air Masseslastingonlyabouttwentyminutes,toallownocrowdingofcongregations,andtoforbidtheattendanceofanypersonnotproperlymasked.Buttheresponsewasstrangely unsympatheticfromtheMinisterof Health,

Rev.FatherO'Gorman(AdministratorofSt.Mary'sCathedral,hada lengthyinterviewwithMr.J.D.FitzGerald,M.L.C.,onTuesday,atwhich theCatholicpointofviewwasplaced beforetheMinister.TheMinisterhad announcedthatdaythattheregulationprohibitingopen-airworshipwould bereviewed,andanydecisionarrived atwouldbenotified.Nopublicannouncementhassincebeenmaderegardingthematter,soitmaybetaken thateithernodecisionoranadverse oneresulted.

TheArchbishop'sInstructions. Inviewoftheuncertaintyamongst thepriestsandpeoplewithregardto thesituation,Rev.FatherO'Gorman approachedhisGracetheArchbishop forinstructions,andfromthePalace, Manly,ArchbishopKellywrotealettertotheAdministratorinwhichhe said shall,aspromised,conformto publicorder.Thepeople,itappears fromletterspostedtous,wouldbeencouragedbytheMass,andonthecontrary.willbesaddenedbyanyhilldrancetotheirassistingatit.The priestswillcontinuetooffertheHoly Sacrificeinpropitiationforoursocial evilsandinsupplicationforDivine clemency."

Sofar,then,theGovernmentis treatingtheChurches,andparticularlytheCatholicChurch,towhose memberstheHolySacrificeoftheMass meanssomuch,withtheusualpagan contemptforreligion.Catholicsare tobedeprivedoftheMassatatime whentheystandmostinneedofthe consolationofreligion.Howlong thisstateofaffairswillcontinue.and whatfurthereffortswillbemadeto securesomemoresympatheticand Christiantreatmentonthepartof theauthorities,wecannotsay.

MelbourneNotSoPagan.

TheregulationsissuedbytheVictorianStateCabinetrequired thatmasksbewornatthe churchesonSundaylast.Scots Church.Collins-street,gotoverthedifficultybyputtinguptheshutters, othersbyholdingservicesintheopen air.Thesharplineofdemarcation betweentheCatholicandnon-Catholic churcheswasrecognisedbytheCabinet.MinistersadmittedthatO.'? Catholicsectionofthepeopleregardeditasanobligationtogotochurch (Mass)onSundays.andmetthem sympathetically.TheVeryRev.the AdministratorofSt.Patrick'sCat.hedray,theRev.FatherJohnBarry,in theabsenceofhisGracetheArchbishoponvacation.issuedthefollowingnote:"Inordertoco-operatewith thePublicHealthauthorityinpreventingthespreadofinfluenza,Catholics, whenattendingMassonSundayare requestedtowearmasks,asorderedby theStaterabine.."

NotallwhoattendedMassonSundayworethemask.Whilstthe"Argus"attachesvaluetothemask,the

"Age"turnsitdown,andquotesthis exampleofdivergenceinmedicalopinionastothevalueofinoculation: "Aftercarefulconsideration,Dr.Borthwick,healthofficerofAdelaideBoard, ofHealth,hasdecidednottorecommendinoculation,'becausethereisno evidencethatitisdoinganygood,and thereissomereasonforsuspectingthat incertaincasesitmaydosomeharm.' Itisunderstoodthatthisopinionis sharedbyseveralprominentmedical men,includingDr.P.Buller,officerof healthatPortAdelaide."

MassintheOpenAir.

ManyCatholicsassistedatthe DivineSacrificeoftheMassonSundaylast,underconditionswhichwill remainlongintheirmemories.Asa healthprecaution,thecivilauthorities haddecidedthatallchurchesmustbe closedtolargecongregations;andin accordancewiththedecisionofthe DiocesanSynod,asdisclosedbyhis GraceArchbishopKelly'spublishedlettertotheMinisterforPublicHealth, theCatholicChurchauthoritieswere preparedpromptlytofallinwiththe requirementsofthehealthadministration.Theresultwasthattheusual Masseswerenotofferedinthecityor suburbanchurches.

Permission,however,hadbeen grantedtoholdopen-airceremonies, andalthoughacancellationofthispermissionwasnotifiedintheSunday papers,noofficialintimationwasreceivedbytheCatholicChurchauthoritiesthatcouldwarrantthemwithholdingfromthepeopletheMasseswhich hadbeenarranged.ToSt.Mars's Cathedral,therefore,flockedseveral gatheringsofdevoutCatholics,and. knueelingorstandingreverentlyon thegrassinthePresbyterygrounds, theywereabletoassistattheshort Massesofferedupduringthemorning. Thesightwasaninspiringandmemorableone,andmanyProtestantpassers-bypausedandlingeredawhile,no doubtedified,certainlyimpressed,by theremarkablesceneanditsevidence ofCatholicdevotion.

Arrangementshadbeenmadewhere practicableinmostofthesuburban parishestoholdMassintheopenair, Manypriestswereabletonotifytheir parishioners,andinothercaseswhere peoplevisitedtheirchurchestheywere abletolearnthereofnewarrangements.Theresultwasthatinmost suburbanparishesthepeoplewereable tohearMass,advantagebeingtakenof theopenspaceswhichinthemajority ofcaseswereavailable.AtSt.Mary's, NorthSydney,theusualMasseswere saidintheneighbouringschool grounds,andsimilarprovisionwas madeatSt.Thomas',Lewisham._where onthepreviousSaturdaynoticeswere postedatvariouspoints,notifyingthe faithful.AtNewtownparticularly largecongregationsattendedthefour Massesheldinthepresbyterygrounds. AtDarlinghursttheMassesusuallyofferedattheChurchoftheSacred Heartweretransferredtothegrounds oftheHospicenear-by.Picturesque ceremonieswerewitnessedinthinly populateddistrictslikePymble,where thefaithfulgatheredundertheshade ofthetreeswhilstMasswascelebrated atatemporaryaltar.Andsothroughoutthevariousparishesitwasfound thatwhereverpossiblethepriestsmade provisionfortheofferingofMass,and itwasremarkedthatsomeofthecircumstanceswerecuriouslyreminiscent ofthepenaldaysofAustralia,orofthe earlier,darkerdaysofIreland,whenit wasonlybystrategythatthepriestand peoplecouldjointogether.

PERTHCATHOLICYOUNGMEN'S SOCIETY.

504HAY-STREET,PERTH.

(UnderthePatronageofHisGrace ArchbishopClune.)

BilliardRoom,Lounge,Library,Card Room,CricketClub,Harriers'Club, Debating,Musical,andDramatic Society.

ASOCIETYTHATEVERYCATHOLICYOUNGMANSHOULDBELONGTO.

FullparticularsonapplicationtoL.RODOREDA, Hon.Secretary.

133Charles-street,WestPerth.

"QueenofCoonLand"

Ifyouhaveanysparecoppers,Vote forMRS.McCARTHY,oftheRailway Hotel,Perth,forQAeenofCoonLand. asallvotesarerequiredtomakeher Electionassured.

TwoGreatCatholics

DEATHOFWILFRIDLAURIERANDMARKSYKES.

ThedeathisannouncedofSirWilfridLaurier,ex-PrimeMinisterofCanada.Itseems,saysthelocalpress, thathewasintheactofdressingon Sundaylastwhenhehadastrokeof paralysisandfelltothefloor.Referringtohislife'swork,the"WestAustralian"says:ThefirstandthelargestoftheBritishDominionshasbythedeathofSir WilfridLaurierlostnotonlyagreat statesman,butthegreatestandmost potentialharmonisingfactorinthe racialcomplexitiesofCanada.Tothe worldatlargeoutsidetheDominions itselfhewasthemostprominentand widelyappreciatedofallthecolonial statesmenthattheBritishEmpirehas produced;intheJubileeProcessionof 1897hewasofalltheoverseasrepresentativesthemanwhomtheLondon publichailedwiththegreatestenthusiasmandwelcomedwiththegreatest warmth.Thiswasdueinthemain, nottohisextraordinaryeloquence, whichwasequallyeffectiveandmoving inbothFrenchandEnglish,nottohis remarkablyhandsomepersonalappear. ance,nortohisstatesmanlikeacumen, buttothefactthatherepresentedwith imperialpatrioticfervourthepolitical fusionofthetwogreatraceswhichhad solongjostledandsquabbledwitheach otherinCanada.Hewasregardedas anevidencethattheracialfeud,which beganonthePlainsofAbraham,when Moncalmfell,Wolfedied,andQuebec waslosttotheFrenchcrownin1759, wasatlastcompletelyhealed,andthat Canadahadbecomeathoroughlyloyal andcontentedmemberofthegreat BritishEmpire. Bornin1841,SirWilfridwasnotone ofthepioneersoftheCanadianFederation,whichwasaccomplishedalittleoverhalfacenturyago.Hewas ofthestraitestsect,aFrenchCanadianofQuebec,springingonbothsides ofhisancestryfromaristocraticFrench familiesestablishedinLowerCanada longbeforeSt.George'sCrosswashoistedonthebanksoftheSt.Lawrence.In religionasinracehewasequallyand signallydistinctivelyofthepeople whomthefortuneofwarhadtransferredfromtheFrenchtotheBritishflag. WhenCanadawassurrendered,however,itspeopledidnotlooklongingly backtoFrance;theywereresentful athavingbeen"deserted,"andthough theydidnotloveEngland,theywere moreantagonistictoherAmerican coloniststhantoBritainherself.Hence inthetroubledtimesoftheAmerican CivilWar.Canadaremainedandhas everremainedfaithfultotheBritish crown;butwhileCanadiansceasedto beFrench,theydidnotbecomeEnglish,andregardedthemselvesasaspecialandpeculiarpeople,as"French Canadians."Asemigrationproceeded acrosstheAtlantic-notfromFrancethenumericalsuperiorityofthepeople ofLowerCanada-theprovinceofQuebec-waslost,andtheBritishelement becamepredominantinUpperCanada -theprovinceofOntario.Hence thereoccurredperpetualfriction,and whenatlastin1867,theDominionwas established,Quebecwasstilljealousof andinsistentonitsspecialrights,laws, andprivileges.AstheDominionexpandedandfreshprovinceswereadded toitinthewestandnorth-west,the influenceofQuebecbecamelessand less,butthefeelingofitspeopledidnot changematerially.Theideaofthe extremistswasthatapoliticalelysium couldbecreated,ifLowerCanadawere separatedfromUpperandmadeaselfcontainedStateundertheBritish Crown. TheriseofSirWilfridLaurier,him

selfaQuebecCanadianofthemost distinctivetype,gradually,andbyslow degrees,woredownthisfeeling.He enteredthepoliticalarenaasamember oftheQuebeclegislaturein1871,and by1874hadsecuredaseatintheDo. minionParliament.Thefederalleg. islaturehadfromthebeginningbeen dominatedbywhatisknowninCanada asthe"Conservative"party,butin 1877theLiberalsweretriumphantin thefederalelections,theMcKenzie Ministrywasformed.andLaurierbecameMinisterofInlandRevenue.His firsttasteofofficewasdashedbyan electoralrebuff.Hisconstituencyrejected,butEastQuebecralliedpromptlytothesuccouroftheFrenchCanadianchampion,andremainedsteadfast tohimthroughouthislongpolitical career.In1891hehadbeenelected leaderoftheLiberalParty,andwhen ittriumphedinthegeneralelections of1896.hebecamePrimeMinister-the firstFrench-Canadiantoholdthat office.Hehelditwithoutabreaktill 1911,andinthese15yearsusedallhis greatmentalandoratoricalpowersto tonedown.andsoften,toameliorate andinfluencethefeelingsandviewsof theFrench-CanadiansofQuebec,who formedthemoststaunchandloyalof hisfollowers.

ThepopulationofCanadaisabout 8,000.000,andthatoftheprovince01 Quebecabout2,000,000,ofwhomsome 1,600,000areFrench-Canadians.There arefurthersome200,000moreFrenchCanadiansintheprovinceofOntario. besides165,000inthewesternprovinces.Theirdistinctivespecialitiesin politicswerelingual,educational,and religious.Thoughtheyhadceasedto beFrench,theysoughttomaintain andextendtheFrenchlanguage-even totheexclusionofEnglish.TheirindifferencetoFrance,astheircountry oforigin,wasconvertedintoalmos* bitterness,bytheruptureoftheFrench RepublicwiththeHolySee,andthis feelingwasfurtheraccentuatedbythe emigrationtoQuebecoflargenumber., ofsecularclergy,drivenfromFrance bytheanti-clericallegislationandrestrictionsoftheRepublic.Lanriet's workwhileleadingtheFrench-Cana dianswasnottoopposeandantagonise,buttoinfluenceandharmonise themwiththeotherprovincesofthe Dominions.HehadmanyknottyproblemstosolveduringhislongPremiership.buthiseloquence,histact,and hisfar-sightednesscarriedhimthrough difficultiesthatnootherCanadiancould havesurmounted.Hehasbeencalled "anopportunist,"becauseheplacated. becausehewouldnotriskallhedesignedtodo.inordertoattemptthat whichheknewtobeimpracticable.

wise: effect,weCanadian.Frenchwe arearaceconquered;butifwearea raceconqueredwehavealsomadea conquest-theconquestofliberty."

Attheimperialconferencesof1907and 1911SirWilfridwasaprominentfig. ure;hiswordswerewellweighedand carriedweight.Hedidnotadvocate orbelieveinacentralisedimperialism, withanorganisationinEngland,buta voluntaryconfederationoffreenations withintheEmpire.HeopposedBorden'sschemeofCanadiancontributions totheRoyalNavy,butadvocatedthe samepolicyasAustraliahasadoptedthatofcreatinganavyandundertakingthedefenceofCanada'scoastsby ships,built,maintained,andmanned bytheDominion.SirWilfridspoke eloquentlyandeffectivelyinsupportof Canada'sparticipationinthewar,to whichshesentover400,000men,but latterlyhewasaccusedoflukewarm tressinthematterofconscription.Here SirWilfridwasfollowinghiscustomary policyinrespecttotheFrenchCanadiansofQuebec.Theseinthemain carednothingwhateverforFrance,and notovermuchforEngland,who.they declared.wasquiteabletofighther ownbattleswhichdidnot-intheir provincialidea-concernCanada.The 2,000.000inhabitantsofQuebecprovincefurnishedonly7,000recruitsto theCanadianarmyinEurope,and thereweremutteringsandthreatsof civilwarifconscriptionwasenforced. ItwasthenthatLaurier-thoughhe hadbeenoustedfromofficein1911proposedthetakingofareferendumon thequestion.Hethoughtthatthe French-CanadiansofQuebecwould muchmorereadilysubmittoapopular votethantothedictationoftheOttawaParliament.Hehasgonedown tohisgravenow,fullofyearsandhonours,leavingthelastingandglorious memorialbehindhim,thathehadaccomplishedmorethananyotherman fortheunityandracialharmonyofthe Empire'slargestDominion.

SIRMARKSYKES,BART.

politicalproblems,SirMarkhasbeen termedthe"AdmirableCrichton"ofthe Houseonaccountofhisremarkable versatility.SirMarkwasmore.He wasrepresentativeofEnglishCatholicism,whogaveofhisbesttotheChurch andwasafearlessadvocateinher cause.HewaseducatedatBeaumont,attheSchooloftheJesuits, Monaco,attheInstituteSt.Louis, Brussels,andatJesusCollege,Cambridge.HewasPrivateSecretaryto Mr.Wyndham,CftiefSecretaryforIreland,1903.-R.I.P.

FINGERNEARLYOFF

ChemistsRecommendZam-Bukto

EnsurePerfectHealing.

Thehousewifecannotpossiblyhave asgoodastand-byasZam-Bukin caseofsimpleaccidentslikeCuts, Bruises,Burns,Scalds,etc.Theunique Soothing,Healing,andAntisepticAP. qualitiesofZam-Bukmakeit,theideal first-aid.MissAliceM.James,57 Brighton-street,Petersham,Sydney, writes:"When1wascuttingbreadtiajsknife slippedandnearlyseveredebietopof thefirstfingeronthelefthand.It wasjusthangingonbyabitofflesh. Ifeltquitefaint,aftertyingthefinger uptightlytostoptheflowofblood,I rushedofftothechemists.Hesaidit wasahealthycut,andadvisedmeto washitwithwarmwaterandthen binditupwithaZam-Bukdressing, whichhesaidwasasplendidthingfor healing. followedthechemist'sadvice,and itwaswonderfultheeaseIobtained fromtheZam-Buk.Thethrobbing painwentaway,andafterdressingthe fingerafewtimeswithZamBukthe cuthealedupbeautifully,andnowonly aslightmarkremainstoshowwhere thefleshwassobadlysevered."

Thus,forexample,hewastheoreticalyastaunchfreetrader,aCobden goldmedallist,adevoutfollowerof Gladstone;buthewas15yearsin powerwithouttryingtosmashupthe protectivepolicyoftheDominion.He waseventheabsoluteinventor,and originatorofthepolicyofImperial preference.whichhecarriedintoeffect withatariffthatgave331-3percent. preferencetoBritishimportstoCanada.liesoothed.placated,andpacifiedtheFrench-CanadianpartyofQuebec,withsuchtactandhumoura, nevertoalienatetheirsupportand faithinhim.Whenfieryoratorsof theBourassafactiondeclaredthatthe peopleofQuebecoccupiedthestate ofaconqueredrace,thattheywere madesubservienttotheBritishmajoritiesinotherprovinces,Laurierdid notcontradict,buthumouredthem.In onenotablespeechtoagatheringofir. reconcilableshedisarmedtheminthis

ThedeathisannouncedofColonel SirMarkSykes,Bart.,M.P.,froman attackofpneumonia.SirMarkwas theonlysonofthelateSirTatton Sykes,andwasbornin1879.In1903 hemarriedEdithViolet,thedaughter ofthelateSirJohnGorst,andhad threesonsandthreedaughters.He hadtravelledmuch,andheservedin theSouthAfricanwar,beingmentionedindespatches.Inpoliticshewi..sa Unionist,andhewaselectedforCentralHullin1911,whenhemadeabrilliantmaidenspeechintheHouseof Commons.Heresumedactivemilitaryserviceinthelatewar,andwas AssistantSecretaryoftheWarCabinet in1917.Hewroteseveralbooks,including"ThroughFiveTurkishProvinces-and"TheCaliph'sLastHeritage."ALondonjournalistsaidsome timeago:Forthefirsttimeintoe -historyoftheBritishConstitutionsecretariesoftheCabinethavebeenappointed,andhithertoithasbeenthe rulethatnomemberoftheCabinet shouldtakeanynoteoftheproceedingsexceptthePrimeMinister,who didsoforthepurposeofhisletterto theKing.Oneofthenewlyappoint edsecretariesisSirMarkSykes.M.P., whoenjoysthereputationofbeingour greatestauthorityonforeignaffairs. Certainlyfewmembershaveawider knowledgeofforeigncountriesthanthe 'memberforHull,forpreviouslytothe warthelargerpartoftliryearwas givenupbyhimtotravel.Intothe :18yearsofhislifeSirMarkliescrowdedagreatvarietyofexperienceasa soldier,politician,author,diplomat, andtraveller.Aforcefulspeakerand akeendebater,possessingremarkable capacityforthelucidexplanationof

Zam-Bukissomethingquiteapart fromordinaryointmentsandsalves whichcontainsomuchanimalfatand solittlemedicine.Zam-Bukisall medicine,andunequalledforflesh woundsandskindiseases.Nothing likeitforEczema,Ringworm.'Ulcers. PoisonedWounds,FaceSores,Boiles, Abscesses.Piles,Pimples,ItchySpots, Stings,CutsandBruises,Sprains, GravelRash,etc.1/6and3/6everywhere.

OATES&CO.

CoalMerchants

40DYER-STREET,WESTFMK

AgentsforHowardSmithAlNewcastleCoal,CollieCoal,

ThePeaceBell

(ByRev.H.Thurston,S.J

Butwhat,itwillbeasked,isthe PeaceBell?Thequestionisanatural one,forIamnotawarethatthisdesignationisnowanywhereretained,or eventhatitwaseverincommonuse intheBritishIsles.Duringthelater middleages,however,the"PeaceBell" wasthenamegiventhroughoutagreat partofEuropetothateveningand morningringingwhichisfamiliartous EnglishCatholicsastheAngelus,orto ItaliansastheAveMaria.OurHigh Churchfriends,whoduringthelastfour yearshave.ineverincreasingmeasure, adoptedtheringingoftheAngelusasa sortofwardevotion,havebeenimitat-ing-moreclosely,Ifancy,thanthey realise-thepracticesofdistantcountries.aswellasofabygoneage.The Angelus,beyonddoubt,hasanundeniableandancientclaimtobetreated asaPeaceBell,althoughitwaspro- bablyinGermanythatthisconception tookfirmestroot.Butatthisparticu- larChristmasseason,whenthePrince ofPeaireetothejoyofall,hasagain mostwonderfullyturnedHisregard uponoursullenworld,afewwordsper- hapsuponthehistoricalaspectsofthis traditionmaynotbeunacceptable.

Itiscommonlyandcorrectlystated thattheAngelus,intheexactformin whichweknowitnow,cannotbetracedmuchfartherbackthanthelatter partofthesixteenthcentury.AlittlecatecheticalworkinItalian,publishedatVenicein1360,appears,sofar tobetheearliestsourceknowntocontainourthreefamiliarversicles;but eventhissupposesthattheHailMary issaidbeforeratherthanaftereach versic:e,anditmakesnomentionof thecollectattheend.Asomewhat moreofficialsanctionforourpresent renderingoftheAngelusisprovidedin therevised"HoraeBeatissimaeVirginis Mariae"issuedunderPapalauthority atRomein1571.Nonetheless,many yearshadstilltoelapsebeforethe practicethroughouttheCatholicworld becameinanysenseuniform.We shouldprobablybejustifiedinholding thatindividualcapricewasnotfinally excludeduntilthenowuniversal methodofsayingtheAngeluswasindulgenced,withoutreferencetoanyalternativepractices.byPopeBenedict XIIIintheearlypartofthe eighteenthcentury. Ontheotherhand,itcannotbedisputedthattheringingofthreepeals uponabellandtherecitationofthree HailMarysbythefaithfulhadcome intofashion,bothatsundownandin theearlymorningandevenatmid-day, longbeforethecloseofthemiddleages. Theearliestcleartracesofthecombinationofthesetwoelementsbelong tothetimeofSt.Bonaventure,andare probably.asweshallsee,Franciscanin inspiration;butthatspecialaspect withwhichweareconcernedhereand whichfindsintheeveningandmorningAveanappropriateoccasionto pray peaceisverylittlelaterin dateTheearliestuseoftheterm "PeaceBell"whichIhavecomeacross occursinconnectionwiththemunicipalrecordsofSt.Omers,andisofthe thirteenthcentury.Nopracticeof prayerisrecommendedinconnection withit.andthe"vredecloke,""orcloke depais"seemstobesimplyalocaldesignationfortheringingofwhatwas elsewhereknownasthe"ignitegiunm," orcurlew.aneveningbellwhichmarkedthehourwhenthewineshopshad tocl,),etheirdoorsandallhonestmen werebiddentoretiretotheirhomes. Butalthoughthisinstancemaybeofa pure.ycivilorder-amerepoliceregulation-weveil/soonfindtheideaof peacecloselyf5rinectedwithboththe eveningandmorningAvebell.In theSpanishdioceseofVich,forexample.welearnthat"in1322wasintroducedtheringingofthebellatnight fall.thatallshouldkneeldownandsay anAveMariaforthewelfareandpeace ofsoul,andbodies(prosaluteetpace aaiinarnieetcorporumandforthe g'951idaeeeandpreservationofthe fruitstheearth."Equallyexplicit arethetermsusedinasynodaldecree ofBres,ei.inSilesia(Al).13311.by whichaorderedthat"eachdayat duskabellshallbetolledthreetimes ineveryparishthroughoutthediocese thata::thefaithfulmayfallontheir knees.ie%-kingthegraceoftheMother ofGraceandrecitingtheHailMary fortheg.,odstateoftheChurchand thepeaceiourland."AtParis,to takeafrenchillustration,adecreeof theProvincialCouncilofSens.in1347, offeredanindulgencetothosewho,at thehourofcurfew(temporeseuhora ignitegiikneltdownandprayed"for theprosperousstateoftheChurchand kingdom,andforpeace.fortheirMajestiestheKingandQueenandtheroya family Earlierthananyofthesewe haveaariousreferencetoanearl; intheChronicleofParml 1317.Thehellseem 1,, thetownbell(campana

ancianorum),anditwas.toberung withatriplepeal,apparentlytoindicatethehourwhenthelabouring classesweretogoouttotheirwork; buttheBishopofParmagrantedan indulgenceoffortydaystoallwhosaid threePatersandthreeAyesatthe soundofthebell"iftheyofferedthese prayersinhonourofGodandour BlessedLadythatHewouldpreserve thecityofParmainhappypeaceand freedom;andthisbellwascalledthe PeaceBell"(utconservetcivitatem Parmaeinbonapaceetinlibertate;et vocatafuit"campanapads'''.Even thoughthesereferencestopeacemay sometimesseemtoberatheramatter offormandassociatedwithotherintentions,stillthenumberofoccasionsuponwhichwefindsuchexplicit mentionisconsiderable,andeven whereitislackingtheideaisoften latentundersomeanalogousphrase. Thusitmaybeworthwhiletoquote thetermsofoneoftheearliestknown episcopaldecreesofthisnature.thatof PoncedeAquilanido,BishopofLerida, inSpain,whopublishedthefollowing ordinancein1308.Hislatinityis ratherinvolved,butthisiswhathe says: "Morover,tothehonourofthemost BlessedandGloriousVirgin,withthe approvaloftheholysynod.weenact thateverydayinalltheparish churchesofthecityandofourdiocese, afterComplineoftheday.sungasthe shadesofnightarefalling.whenthe bellistolledorpealedforawhilewith threeintervals,andallfaithfulChristionshearingitfallupontheirknees, wherevertheymaybe,supposingalwaystJaatthisispossibleanddecent, salutingthreetimestheBlessedVirgin byrecitingtheAveMariainherreverenceandhonour,inorderthatshewho isourAdvocatemayintercedewithour LordJesusChrist,herSon,forallChristianpeople.thatHemayshieldthem fromallevilandwickednessandbestowhealthofbodyandsoul.Wein suchcase grantandconcedeanIndulgenceoffortydaystoallwhoare trulycontriteandhaveconfessedtheir sins,etc."

Undoubtedlythisprayertobe "shieldedfromevilandwickedness" refersprimarilytotheexternalconditionsoflife,andmaybeinterpretedas theequivalentofaprayerforpeace. Similarly,inEngland,whenArchbishop Arundel,in1399,remindedhiscountrymenthatEnglandwasthedowryof Mary,andorderedthebelltoberung intheearlymorningasatcurfewtime, henotedastheintentionforwhich theirprayersshouldbeoffered"thatby thusimploringtheclemencyofthe EternalFathertherighthandofHis heavenlypitymightbeextendedfor theprotectionanddefenceofour LordtheKing.who,inviewofalongecIforpeace(proquietisoptataeremediol,"waswillingtodoallinhis power,etc.

Itisprobablytruethattherewasa certainamountofconfusioninvolvedin thesemorningandeveningtollings. FromamanuscriptsermononIndulgencesofoneoftheBridgettinemonks ofSyon,oneFatherSimonWinter.who flourishedabouttheyear1428,Imay takethefollowingpassage:"Furthermore,"saysWinter,"whoeverisdisposedtoreceivepardon(i.e., isinsuchdispositionsastobecapable ofreceivingpardon',andattollingof thebellatmorrowandatevensaith threePatersandAyes,prayingfor peace,heshallhavethreehundred lesofpardon.Alsohethatsaith 'hreeayesatevenwhentheAvebell istolledinthemonasteryheshallhave threehundreddaysofpardon."

Clearlytwodistinctdevotionalpractices,apparentlyattachedtodifferent ringings,arespokenofhere,butthe "prayingforpeace"inthecaseofone suchexerciseisevidentlytreatedasa conditionforgainingthatparticularindulgence.

Butitisperhapsinconnectionwith themid-dayAngelus.which,asmost peopleknow,developedverymuch laterthanthebellrunginthemorning andintheevening.thattheaspectof thisdevotionasaprayerforpeacebecomesmoststronglymarked.The earliestdocumentwhichprescribesany sortofspecialmid-dayringingisa constitutionissuedbyoneofthe synodsofPrague,inBohemia,shortly before1380.Aswillbeseenfromthe termsinwhichthedecreewascouched, thenoonbellatthisperiodwasonly rungonFridays: "TheFriday.Item,theraidLord Archbishopordainsbyhisletterthat oneveryFriday.onwinchdayour LordJesusChristsurrenderedHissou toHisFather.oneofthegreaterbellA shouldberungineverychurchinhon ourofthePassionoftheMostHigh Herecommendsandexhortsthatthei allmen.bothclergyandlaity,putting asideanyworkonwhiihtheymaybe engagid,andeveninterryptiugtheir

dinner,shouldsayupontheirkneesfivecaninitiativeaboutthemiddleofthe OurFathersinhonouroftheSacredthirteenthcentury,doesnotmilitate Wounds,forthe.removaloftheplague,against,butratherconfirms,theidea theoverthrowofpaganism,andforthethatagreetingtoourSaviour,who peaceofthiskingdom;an-1hegrantscomesamongstusasthePrinceof totheringersandtothosewhothusPeace,wasalwaysthekeynoteofthe prayfortydays'Indulgence." devotion.WenowknowthatBrother ThisconditionimposedofprayerforBenedictSinigardi,O.F.M.,asearlyas theremovaloftheplague,theover-1250,orpossiblyeven1240,instructed throwofpaganismandthepeaceofthehisbrethreninthepractice,whichhe kingdomwasmademuchmorepromin-himselfobservedwithgreatdevotion, entintheBullwhichPopeCallixtusofsingingafterComplinetheantiphon, III.publishedin1456expresslyto"AngeluslocutusestMariae"(theAnawakenChristendomtoasenseofthegelspokeuntoMary).BrotherBenedangerofTurkishinvasion.AmongdicthadlivedintheEast,wherethe otherpracticesenjoinedinthisim-nightmareofTurkishrulekeptalivea pressivedocument,thePopedirectedconstantapprehensionofbrutalvice thatineverytownandvillageabelllence.Fromhimtheinitiativeseems shouldberungatsometimebetweentohavecomewhichresultedinadenoonandvespers,"inthreepeals,asitcreeoftheGeneralFranciscanChapter iswonttoberungfortheAngelicSal-presidedoverbySt.Bonaventurein utationintheevening,"whenallmen1269.InallFranciscanhousesthebell shouldfallontheirkneesandrecitethewastobetolledthreetimesinaleiPaterandAvethreetimes,oratanysurelyfashionafterCompline,andall rateonce,beseechingtheDivineClem-thebrethrenweretokneelandtoreencytoavertthethreatenedinroad.citethreeAyes,teachingthepeopleto ThewonderfulvictoryofBelgradeadoptthesamepractice.Itwastobe whichfollowedcloseuponthepublica-anoteofpeaceandreconciliationwith tionofthisappealiswellknown.ThereGodastheshadesofnightfellupon canbelittledoubtthatthisexampletheland;andtheanimatingspirit musthaveweighedwiththeFrenchseemstohavebeenentirelythatofthe king,LouisXI.,whensometwentyprayerwhichtheChurchrecitesevery yearslaterheinstitutedapracticeeveninginherOfficeofCompline:- throughouthiskingdom,whichisthus"Visit,webeseechThee,0Lord,this outlinedinthedraftofaroyalletterofhouse,anddrivefarfromitallsnares

January3,1476,whichwassentouttooftheenemy;letThyholyAngels alltheFrenchBishops:- dwellherein,whomaykeepusinpeace, "BytheKing.RighttrustyandandletThyblessingbealwaysupon well-beloved,sinceoflateourholyus:throughourLordJesusChrist.

FatherthePope,atourownprayerAmen." andrequest,hasgivenandconceded,to allthosewhoeachday,aboutthehour ofnoon,shallsaydevoutlythreeHailSUBIACOHOTEL

Marys,prayingtoGodforthepeace ROKEBY-ROAD,SUBIACO. andunionofourKingdom,threehun- EmuBeerAlwaysonTap. Breddaysofpardonandindulgencefor eachdaythattheyshallsopray,and GoodAccommodationdationforCountry thisiscalledthe'AveMariadela Visitors. pouex'(presumablyadialecticalvari WALTERWING,Proprietor. antof'paix'i,asyoumayseefrom thecopyoftheBullsgrantedforthis endbyoursaidHolyFather,whichweHARRYDEMOULIN sendyouenclosedherewith; We (LateGovernmentRailways), strictlycommandyou,etc." This"AveMariadelapouex"was MOTORCARPROPRIETOR. clearlyinthestrictestsenseaPeace Bell,andwegatherthesameimpressionfromcertainGermanpamphleteers oftheearlysixteenthcentury,whouse theexpressionpropaceschlagen(to tollforpeace,asasynonymforringingtheAvebell,morning,noonand evening.Whenweremember,further,TheJJBENDON thatin1500,underAlexanderVI.,the sameformofdevotionwasprescribed inalltheparishesofRome,contraTurcasdicendum.i.e.,toimploretheaid ofheavenagainstaTurkishinvasion. andthatinAustriaandGermany, somewhatlateron,thepopularcatechismsofVausea,BishopofVienna, andofBlessedPeterCanisiusuniformly explainedthemid-dayAveasaform ofsupplicationforpeace.wecannotbe farwronginconcludingthatoneofthe mostfundamentalelementswhichhave contributedtothebuildingupofour presentAngelusdevotionwasthedesiretosalutethataspectofChrist's coiningwhichwasforeshadowedinthe Angel'ssong."GlorybetoGodonhigh andonearthPeacetomenofgood will."

Thisviewofthematterisstrongly borneoutbyastudyoftheinscriptionsonmediaevalbells.InGermany. forexample,byfarthemostcomni inscription,onefoundineverypartof thecountryandextendingtoScandinavia,theNetherlandsandFrance,was thefollowing:-"0RexGloriaeChristevenicum pace." (0KingofcaloryChristcomewith peace.

Insanefewcasesitisdirectly coupledwiththeAveMaria;forexample,thus:"AveMariagratiaplena;venicum pace"; urthus:"AveMariaAmen-0RxGloriae venicumpace." Neitherarethesebellsrelativelylate indate;afeware.evenofthethirteenthcentury.anditispossiblethat insomecasestheymayhavebeenso inscribedinanticipationoftheirbeing tolledattheElevationoftheMass. ButthecombinationwiththeAve Mariacertainlyseemstopointtothe Angelus.whilethefactthatasimilarly largeproportionofmediaevalbellsin Francebearinsomeformorotherthe words"salvaterralsauveterreI-an inscriptionbeyondquestionidentified withtheideaofkeepingthelandin peace-makesitprobablethatthe thoughtofthepurposesservedbythe Avebellseasdominantintheminds01 thebell-founders.InEnglandalsothe. existenceofaconsiderablenumberof oldbellsbearingsuchmottoesas: "DulcisInstarMellisCampanaVoco:

IrishNationalAssociationofWesternAustralia AStartlingAddress

AMostEnthusiasticGathering.

Inresponsetotheappealmadeby theUnitedIrishLeagueExecutive,a comparativelylargeandrepresentativegatheringofIrish-AustraliancitizensassembledintheHibernianHall, Perth.onSundayafternoon,16thMst, underthepresidencyofMr.Walter Dwyer,LL.B.,todealwiththefollow. ingresolutionoftheexecutivestanding inMr.Jas.S.Dowling'sname,supportedbyMr.P.O'Connor:

"ThatinaccordancewiththedeclaredpolicyoftheIrishnation.itbe arecommendationtogeneralmeetingthattheUnitedIrishLeaguebe forthwithdissolved,infavourofan organisationtobenamed'TheIrish NationalAssociationofWesternAustralia.'"

Anapologyforunavoidableabsence wasreceivedfromMr.D.Keane,J.P. Mr.GeraldHartreysuggestedthat theproposeddissolutionoftheUnited IrishLeagueandtheestablishmentof "TheIrishNationalAssociationof WesternAustraliabetakenseparately, acoursetowhichtnemeetingagreed toonthe.voices.Themotiontodissolvetheleaguewasapprovedofwithoutdiscussion.Mr.Dowlingthensubmittedthesubjoinedresolutions:"Thatinkeepingwiththedeclared policyoftheIrishNation,itbeare. commendationtothegeneralmeetingtoforthwithestablishanorganisationtobeknownastheIrishNationalAssociationofWesternAustralia."

Addressinghimselftotheresolution, Mr.Dowlingsaidthatatthepassing oftheLeaguehemightbeallowedalittlelatitudetostatethatitissomewhatoverahundredyearssincethe firstgreatconstitutionalleaderofthe 19th.centuryroseabcrethetroubled horizonofIrishnationalaffairsandfor wellnighfiftyyearswithunexampled splendourpresidedoverherdestiny. Adayatlengthcame,andwithitthe adventofthatgallantbandknownin historyasthemenof'48,andthe greattribunewasforgottenbyhis countrymen.Letuspauseandaskourselveswhowashe?Thegreatleader whoin1829ledthemillionsofhispeopleintotheglorioussunlightofCatholicEmancipation;theoneloneman uponwhomthefamousLacordairepronouncedthatimperishableeulogy,that hisvictoryacclaimedhim-theillustriousDanielO'Connell-firstamongst thelaityoftheUniversalChurch.(Applause.)To-dayaconstitutionalistis abye-wordofreproach,butremember itwasnounworthyconstitutionalist, fortheimmortalHenryGrattan.who intheuniformofthevolunteersof '82strucktheshacklesfromIreland's feet,andplaceduponherbrowthediadensoffreedom.(Cheers.)IsaacButt, thefounderoftheHomeRuleMovement,came,andathispassinghismantlefelluponhimwhomthemightof EnglandatWestminsterfeared,CharlesStewartParnell.PoorParnell! Inourowndayhetoowastreatedas anoutcastinthelandhetriedtosave, andwhatevertheirmisfortunesthey werenotraitorstoIreland,whoremainedfaithfultohiniuntodeath,the brothersJohnandWilliamRedmond. (Cheers.)Itshouldbeakintoour country,ayeforeigntoourrace,to otherthandefendthememory-ofthose whoinearlyage,accordingtotheir light,haveplayedtheirparttowinthe blessingoflibertyfortheEmerald Isle.To-daytheIrishParliamentary Partyhasbeensweptfromthetheatre ofnationallife,andwithittheUnited IrishLeague,theworkofitshands; anewIrelandhasarisenabovethe ruinsoftheold,andwiththeadventof DeValeratopoweryouareinvitedto establishtheIrishNationalAssociationofWesternAustralia.towatchin themainthenationalandpoliticaldevelopmentsintheOldLandand.when theoccasiondemands,tovoicethesentimentsoftheIrishrace.Theproposedorganisationhasmanifoldadvantagesinthatitclaimsfoundations inSouthAustralia,Victoria,NewSouth Wales,andQueensland;isengagedat thishourinamissionoffirstnational importancethroughamotionmovedby thePresidentoftheYoungIrelandSocietyinPerth,Mr.JamesHealy,ata recentmeetingoftheUnitedIrishLeagueExecutive;istoconcentrateits energiesintheWesttotheadvancementofthenationalmovementat homeandabroad;islinkedinbondsof brotherhoodinthesisterStates,and withanorganisationinWesternAns. tralia,atanearlydateStateconferencescouldbeheld.tobefollowedby anin.erstatec.)nventi,npresidedover bythegreatestpatriotprelateofthe age,hisGraceArchbish,,pMannix-a mightypower.forrepre,entinginits deliberationsthefar-flungempireofth.: sea-dividedGael.(Applause Saturday'sissueofthe"WestAus. tralianRecord.-continuedMr.Dowl-

ing,initsleader,putforwardthe claimsoftheYoungIrelandSocietyto representthenationalandpoliticalaspirationsoftheIrishrace.Allmust recognisethatthisestimablesocietyis engagedinanoblework,andfurthermoreenjoysthedistinguishedpatronageofhis'GracetheArchbishop,and thefavourofourCatholicPress,but withalitisinthemainanursery whereintherisinggenerationhaveimpartedtothemthatknowledgeofIrish lifeinallitsgrandintensitytoenable themtoenterthebroadersphereof nationalandpoliticalaffairswhich mustinthefuturethatisnowuponus, commandtheverygeniusofstatemanshiponthepartoftheIrishNational AssociationofWesternAustralia. (Cheers.)Again,considertheobjects ofthisgrandsociety:-Thestudyof theIrishlanguage,history,literature, andtherest.IsitfairtoIrelandto furthermultiplyitsactivities?Take thelanguagealone,andwithallour lovefoeourMothertonguewithin whichisenshrinedtheglorioustraditionofourrace,whenweconsiderthat, unliketheOldHome,wearebutonein fiveofthepopulationinAustralia, whataherculeantaskbeforetheYoung IrelandSocietytopopularisealanguagethatisastrangerintheland.True, indeed,thesocietyisequaltotheoccasionwhenitcreatesafundtoestablishscholarshipsinourcollegesand schoolstothisdesirableend,andendeavourstoimpressitsbeautyupona peoplewhohaveestablishedaUniversity.Buteventhen,iftheCeltictongueisnotdestinedtoinevitablyperish,itmustbecomealanguageoftrade andcommerceintheinternationalrelationsbetweenIrelandandAustralia whentheOldLandtakesherplace amongthenationsoftheearth.(Applause.)AstheIrishNationalAssociation,concludedMr. Dowling, breathesthespiritoftheage,andfrom afinancialstandpointitsmembership isopentoall,letushopethatinthe easyprocessofdecentralisationitwill findahomeineverytownandhamlet ofWesternAustralia.(Cheers.)

Undertheheadline,"ToAllMasons ofAllDegrees,"theofficialorganofthe SupremeCouncil33rd.DegreeAncient andAcceptedScottishRiteofFreemasonry,the"NewAge"ofJuly,1918 (pages316-3181.publishesanaddress byTallmadgeHamiltql2,33rd.Degree, deliveredbeforePortGardnerChapter ofRoseCroix,Washington.Afterhavingsaidthat"thetimehascome,is nowhere,"toseetoitthatMasonry "retainsitsrightfulplaceasapower forright,forjustice,forhumanity,and forliberty,"theappealexclaims:"Awake!EveryMasonofwhatever degree,awake. Knowwenotthat thiswarisourwarforthesalvation ofourbelovedinstitutionandforall thatitrepresents? Thecombination ofPrussianism,Mohammedanism,and anorganisedpriesthood,collectively andindividually,haveatalltimesin thepast,arenow,andwilleverbethe venomousantagonistandarchenemy ofDemocracyandofFreemasonry. Masonryhaseverbeen,andalways continuestobe,abarrierbetweenthe consumingegotism,theoverbearingarrogance ofanaristocraticruling classorbigotedpriesthoodontheone sideandthepeopleontheother. Masonryisthechampionoftheweak, etc.ThesearethereasonswhyMasonryinallitsformsandofalldegreesisexpelledfromPrussiaandthe GermanEmpire,andtheMasonexcommunicatedfromtheHolyRoman CatholicChurchbyImperialedictand PapalBulls.Thetimeisathand,is nowhere,whenneitherarrogant,imperialisticandtyrannicalclassrulenor dictatesofabigoted,intolerant,organisedpriesthoodintemporalaffairs canlongerexistsidebysidewithdemocraticinstitutions,answerableto thepeople,whoaregoverned;oneor theothermustfallandbeobliterated fromthefaceoftheearth.Oneor theother:slaveryunderamostrevoltingconsciencelesskulturofState andChurch,orfreedominGovernment andofconscienceunderaDemocracy, willbetheinheritanceofourchildren andtheirposterity."

Mr.O'Connor,insecondingtheproposition.feltproudtoendorsethesentimentsgivenexpressiontobyMr. Dowlingintheaddressjustdelivered. HewasoftheopinionthatifthelabourstodevolveupontheIrishNational AssociationofWesternAustraliawere tobeentrustedtotheYoungIreland Societyitwouldbidfairtocrushin greatmeasurethesocialaspectofthat excellentsociety.(Hear,hear.)He knewthatamongstthemthatafternoonsomeofhisfriendswould.be foundtoadvancetheclaimsofthe YoungIrelandSocietytorecognition, butthatdidnotdeterhimfromsaying thatsomepeoplewerealwaysinthe coldshadesofopposition,andnever sohappyaswhenleadingaforlorn cause.(Laughterandapplause.)

Messrs.GeraldHartreyandJ.J. Purtellsubmittedanamendmentthat themembersofthelateUnitedIrish Leagueshouldgooverinabodytothe ranksoftheYoungIrelandSociety. Themotionandtheadmendment foundwarmadvocatesamongRev. FatherLynchandMessrs.Tangey, McCormack.S.Boland,J.Healy,J.P., T.Slattery.J.Hegney,R.Walsh,P. J.Mooney.andJ.P.Doheny. Mr.Hartrey'samendmentwasdefeated,andthemotionassubmittedcarriedbyalargemajority.

Messrs.WalterDwyer,LL.1-1M. O'Dea.J.P..J.Monaghan,J.J.Snigg, J.Hegney.andJas.S.Dowlingwere appointedasub-committeetoprepart therulesandconstitution,andsubmit themtoalargegatheringofIrish-AustralianstobeheldintheHibernian Hall,Perth.onSunday,March22nd, atthreec'clock.toelecttheIrishNationalExecutive.

C.Y.M.Society

ets"whichtheIlluminati,orinnercircle,weregraftingonAmericanMasonry,thatthoughhehadnotbeenina lodgemorethanonceortwicein thirtyyearshehadheardmuchofthe "nefariousanddangerousdoctrine"of theIlluminati,buthedidnotbelieve thattheir"diabolicaltenets"and"perniciousprinciples"werepropagatedin Americanlodges.Thefactisthat theyhadmadegreatprogressinAmerica.ThetwogreatMasonicauthoritiesarePike's"MoralsandDogmas oftheAncientandAcceptedScottish Rites"andMackey's"Encyclopedia." Boththeseinsistthatthepurposesof MasonryinAmericaarethesameas, inothercountries.Theyfranklydeny thatitsgreatdesignischarityandsociability.Mackeyadmitsthat"the greatmajorityofitsdisciplesstillthink thatthesearetheendsofMasonry." TheseouterMasonsarekeptinthe dark,andonlytheinnergroupwhodirectitspolicyandpropagateitsdoctrinesaretaughttheperniciousprcipleswhichdominateContinental'Aasonry.ItistruethattheGrandOrient wasrepudiatedbyAnglo-American Masonsbecauseittookthenamesof GodandChristandtheBibleand everythingthatwassuggestiflmofthe supernaturaloutofitsritual.But thissamerepudiatedGrandOrientis declaredbytheofficialMasonicorgan inAmerica"muchnearertotheoriginal planofMasonrythanistheGrand LodgeofEngland."

BitterAntagonism.

ThatthespiritofMasonryisantag. onistictotheChurchofChrstisfranklyadmittedbytheAmericanFreemason:"Thismagazinehasnever swervedfromthepositionthatbetween theMasonicfraternityandtheCatholic Churchthereisantagonisminherentby thenatureoftheorganisations,the oneseekingthebroadestlibertyof thought,andtheotherstrivingto stifleallrevoltagainsttheself-constitutedauthoritythatwouldholdthe mindandsoulinthraldom."

AmericanComment.

Commentingontheabove,the "North-WestProgress'"remarksareof considerableinterest,forwhenitalludestoAmericanMasonryitisalludingtotheMasonrythatistobefound intheAustralianLodges.The"NorthWestProgress"writes:TheoutbreakofMr.Tallmadge HamiltoninanaddresstoallMasons ofalldegreesmaybeominous.It mayindicatethattheinnercircleof AmericanMasonryisabouttocome outintheopenandfollowthelead oftheContinentalbrothers.Itshould beawarning,nottoCatholics,who arefreefromanydangersinMasonry, buttothosefair-mindedAmericangentlemenwhoaremembersofthecraft andarestillintheoutercircle. Americanswhosesoleknowledgeof MasonryisderivedfromtheirassociationswithMasonsinthiscountrylook upontheorganisationassolelyafraternalsociety.Theyseeinitnoevidenceofwarfareagainstreligion.The AmericanMasonasaruleisbroadmindedandtolerantinreligiousaffairs. Infact,heisoftenmoreliberal-minded thanProtestantsectarians.Wehave associatedwithmanyofthem,and foundthemgentlemen.ManyCatholics countamongtheirwarmestandmost truefriendswearersofthesquareand compass.Itwouldnotbefairtomake individualAmericanMasonsastandard forpassingjudgmentontheFreemasonryofContinentalEuropeandLatin America,ortheinnercircleofAmericanMasonry.

TheaverageAmericanisafairminded,whole-souledgoodfellow.He wouldnotsubscribetothedoctrinesof theinnercircle.Keptinthedark,he stillbelievesthattheMasonicfraternityisnothingmorethanagreatbig charitableandbrotherlyorganisation. ItisprobablethattheleadersofMasonryarealarmedattheripidgrowth oftheCatholicChurchinthiscountry. TheChurchhasgrown,butithas growninperfectharmonywithAmericaninstitutions.TheaverageAmeri canMasonstillbelievesinthatfreedomofworshipwhichisafundamental ofAmericanindependence.Wemay wildlyhopethatthespiritofintolerancethatisbeingmanifestedbymany leadingMasonsin-ourcountrywillnot finditswayintothemindsandhearts ofthosemembersofthecraftwhoare moreAmericanthanMason.They shouldkeepacloseeyeontheirleaders.

Obituary

MRS.F.YARDLEY.

Membersoftheabovesocietyarerequestedtomusterinalltheirstrength onWednesdayeveningnext,toparticipateinthehalf-yearlyelectionofofficers.Owingtotheimportanceofsecuringmemberstoofficewhoshow theirenthusiasmbypayinguptheir subscriptions,onlythosefinancialon thebookswillbepermittedtoattend andexerc.setheirvotingpowers. Themusicalanddramaticclubare securingtheservicesofMr.Basil Hardy,andthefutureofthisbranch shouldthereforethrive.Another willingworkerisMissMaggieBarrett. whobyheraccomplishmentsonthe pianohelpsinnosmalldegreetothe manypleasantfunctionsprovided.It istobehi.pedthatbothwillcontinue inthegodworktheyaredoing,and keepthisi,articularbranchgoingwith asmuchvimasever.

TheMasonsoftheContinent. TheMasonsoftheContinentopenly :aimcreditfortherevolutioninPortugalandtheconsequentpersecution oftheCatholicChurchinthatcountry.InFrance,Spain.andItalythe leadersoftheanti-clericalpartiesare Masons,andinthosecountriesthe crafthasavoweditselfanatheistic organisation.Theanniversaryofthe fallofPapalPowerisaMasonicholidayinItaly.TheunspeakableNathan washeadandfrontofItalianMasonry, whosehonourrollcontainsthenames ofGaribaldi,MazziniandCrispi.In thepasttwohundredyears,everyorganisedoppositiontotheChurchhad osinceptionorfounditsgreatestsupportinthelodges.Inthattimeit wouldbedifficulttonameasingle prominentenemytoChristianitywho wasnotidentifiedwithMasonry.Only oneblindtothefactsofhistorycould failtoseethemaligninfluenceofMasonryatthebottomofconditionsin MexicoandotherLatinAmerican countries.

theearlydaysMasonryinAmericabecametaintedwiththeatheistic principlesofContinentalMasonry.In GeorgeWashingtonwrotetoa. Protestantministerwhohadinvoked hisaidagainstthe"mischievousten-

ThesaddeathofMrs.FrankYardley,whichtookplaceatNurseBright's privatehospital,onthe25th.ofJanuary,removedfromBunburyoneofthe mosthighlyrespectedandpopularof ladies.Thedeceased,whowasborn inBunbury30yearsago,wastheeldestdaughterofMr.andMrs.A.Buswell,Fielders-street,SouthBunbury, andresidedinthedistrictforthe wholeofherlife.Shetookanactive partinallthingsconcerningChurch matters,andwasaferventCatholic andamostedifyingChofMary,of whichsodalityshewasan-activememberfortwelveyears,.fourofwhichshe waspresident.TheChildrenofMary intheirregaliafollowedthehearsein largenumbers.ThedeceasedwasmarriedtoMr.FrankYardleyinNovember,1911,andleavesherhusbandand twolittlegirlstomourntheirsaama. Thefuneralleftherlateresident,jk. "Marlborough,"Spencer-street,Bunbury,andwasthelargestthatever wendeditswaytothenewcemetery. Besidesherfather,mother,sisters,and brothers,thechiefmournerswereher husband,father-in-law,Mrs.J.Moriarty (Bridgetown).brothersandsisters-inlaw,LewandEthel,AlbertandMaggie,ArthurandIvy,Cecil.Len.and MenieandJose.Thepall-bearerswere

Messrs.R.Ganfield,P.Hennessey,W. Hastie,T.Shanahan,N.Nower.andT. Hastie.ArchdeaconSmythofficiated atthegraveside.andspokeofhergood Christianlife,andaskedalltokneel andsayaprayerforhersoul.Heexpresseddeepsympathyforherhusbandandfamily,alsoforherdearold saintlymother,whoislyingillherself, andwhomthedevoteddaughterhad beennursingwhenGodcalledher.A latenumberoffloraltributeswere received,whichtestifiedtothepopularityofthedeceased.

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Priest,patriotandscholarwerecombinedinthefamousFatherLukeWadding,whosenamefiguressoprominentlyinthedarkestdaysoftheseventeenthcenturyinIreland.Hewas borninWaterfordonthe16thofOctober,1588.Afterreceivinghisearly educationhewasplacedattheIrish CollegeinLisbon,receivedtheFranciscanhabitinSeptember,1605,and completedhisstudiesatLiriaandCoimbra. In1618hewenttoRomeinthetrain oftheSpanishAmbassador,andthere passedtheremainderofhislife.Ware says:"Hegrewuntosuchauthority, andtheworldhadconceivedsuchan opinionofhiswisdom,dexterityandindustry,andhisgoodfortuneintransactingbusiness,thateverypersonwas foundofcourtinghisadviceandaidin themostdifficultmatters."InJune, 1625,hefoundedandendowed,outof moneyhehadcollectedforthepurpose, thegreatCollegeofSt.Isidore,which formanyaftergenerationsaffordeda refugetoIrishecclesiasticsofhisOrder. InJanuary,1628,hefoundedanother collegeforIrishyouths,andshortly afterwardsaseminaryforIrishnovices atCapranica,twenty-eightmilesfrom Rome.HewasProcuratoroftheFranciscansatRomefrom1630to1634,and ViceCommissaryoftheOrderfrom 1645to1648.WaddingwarmlysecondedthecauseoftheIrishCatholics inthestruggleof1641-'52.Heengagedofficersandraisedsuppliesofmoney, armsandmunitionsinFranceand Flanders. In1642hewasappointedagentofthe IrishCatholics,anditwasathisinstancethatUrbanVIII.sentFather ScaramptoIrelandwithhisbenedictionandlargesuppliesofmoney. Throughhisinfluence,also,LeoX. sentRinucciniashisApostolicNuncio toIreland.HediedinRomeonNovember18,1657,agedsixty-nine,and wasburiedatSt.Isidore's,wherea monumentwaserectedtohismemory. Mr.Anderson,inhis"HistoricalSketchesoftheAncientNativeIrish,"thus sumsupWadding'slabours:"Wemay formsomeideaoftheprodigiousactiv. ityofthismanwhenitisstatedthat duringhislifetimehewroteandpublishedtenvolumesinfolio,twoin quarto,andfourinoctavo;besidespreparing,withgreatlabour,sixteenvolumesinfolioforthepress,andsuperintendingfourothersofthesamesize. Ofthese,fourteenhegotprintedat Rome,twenty-oneatLyons,andone atAntwerp,orthirty-sixinall!"

lectedherselfundertheinvisiblehand whichblessedher;andbeingunable touseherboundhands,shemadethe signofthecrossuponherbreastbythreemovementsofherhand.The spectatorsthoughtsheprayedalone, andrespectedherfervency.Anin wardjoyandsecretconsolationshone fromthismomentuponhercountenance. OnenteringuponthePlaceofthe Revolution,theleadersofthecortege causedthecartoapproachasnearas possibletothePontTournant,and stoppeditforashorttimebeforethe entranceofthegardensoftheTuileries.

MarieAntoinetteturnedherheadon thesideofherancientpalace,andregardedforsomemomentsthatodious andyetdeartheatreofhergreatness andofherfall.Sometearsfellupon herknees.Allherpastlifeappeared beforeherinthehourofdeath.

Somefewturnsof.thewheelsand shewasattheguillotine.AConstitutionalpriestandtheexecutionerassistedhertodescend,sustainingherby theelbows.Shemountedthesteps oftheladder.Onreachingthescaffoldsheinadvertentlytroduponthe executioner'sfoot.Thismanuttered acryofpain."Pardonme,"shesaid .inatoneofvoiceasifshehadspoken tooneofhercourtiers.Shekneeled downforaninstantandutteredahall audibleprayer;afterwardsrising, "Adieuonceagain,mychildren,"said she,regardingthetowersoftheTemple,"Igotorejoinyourfather." Shedidnotattempt,likeLouis XIV..tojustifyherselfbeforethepeo. ple,nortomovethembyanyappeal tohismemory.Herfeaturesdidnot wear,likethoseofherhusband,theintpressionoftheanticipatedblissofthe justandthemartyr,butthatofdisdainformankindandaproperimpatiencetodepartfromlife.Shedid notrushtoheaven;shefledfromearth andbequeathedtoitherindignation anditsownremorse.

Theexecutioner,tremblingmore thanshe,wasseizedwithatremor whichcheckedhishandwhendisen. gagingtheaxe.Theheadofthe Queenfell.Theassistantoftheguillotinetookitupbythehairandmade theroundofthescaffold,raisingitin hisrighthandandshowingittothe people.Alongcryof"VivelaRepublique!"salutedthedecapitatedmemberandalreadysenselessfeatures. "TheRevolution.-saysLamartine, "believeditselfavenged:itwasonly disgraced."

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ManyofthegreattreasuresinIrish manuscripts,whichduringthesixteenth,seventeenth,andeighteenth centuriesweresecretlyconveyedaway fromIrelandandplacedforsafetyin thelibraryofSt.Isidore's,havebeen broughtbackagaintoIreland,andare nowinthelibraryoftheFranciscans-in Dublin.Therealsomaybeseen, amongotherinterestingrelics,acontemporaryportraitofthegreatFranciscanhimself

AnOldDayinFrance

ASceneintheReignofTerror. EdmundBurke,whenheheardof theexecutionofthebeautifulbutillfatedQueenofFrance,gaveutterance tohishorrorinlanguageofsurpassing eloquenceandintensity.Itwasa tragedywhichcouldonlyhavebeen possibleinawaveofmadnesslikethat oftheFrenchRevolution. InthefierceriotsofAugust,1792. MarieAntoinettewashurriedoffto prisonwiththeKing,whowasguillotinedonthe21st.ofJanuaryfollowing.Onthe13thofOctoberthesame year,MarieAntoinettewasnotifiedof hertrial,whichwastotakeplacethe followingclay.Shestoodtheordeal ofthemostfalseandfoulaccusations inamannerbecomingherdignityasa woman,amother,andaqueen.The trialwasonlyaform.ThefairQueen ofFrancewasledtothescaffoldon the16th. Shedeclinedtoreceivetheministrationofthelastsacramentsatthe handsofthepriests,whowereknown astheConstitutionalclergyandwere notconfirmedbytheChurch.A priestfaithfultohissacredtrustiaal! thingswouldnotbepermittedtosee her.ButherfaithfulsisterElizabeth managedtoeffectanunderstanding withaCatholicpriest,whowastobe atacertainwindowwhereshewasto passonherwaytothescaffold,and whowouldpronounceabsolution,permittingthedoomedpenitenttoconfess toGoddirect. Onherwaytothegallowsshe watchedforthewindowwhencewas todescenduponherheadtheabsolutionofthedisguisedpriest.Agesture.inexplicabletothemultitude. madehimknowntoher.Sheclosed hereyes,loweredherforehead,col-

Afteranillnessextendingoveraconsiderableperiod,Mr.Geo.Conlinpassed quietlyawayathislateresidencein Janes-street,Collie,onTuesday,the 11th.inst.Althoughinabadstateof healthforsometime,deceasedmaintainedastoutheartandlookedafter hisworkuntiltheafternoonoftheday -beforehisdeath.Mr.Conlinwasaresidentofthetownofsomeyears standing,andhismanlyandstraight. forwardtraitsofcharactermadehim belovedbyallwithwhomhecamein contact.Forsometimehewasconnectedwithoneofthemines,andfor aconsiderableperiodwasemployedat theCollieCo-OperativeStores.He wasalsoforatimeintheemployof Mr.M.P.Mahony,oftheCollieNewsagency.Althoughhedidnotfollow ituptoanyextentinthisState,the lateMr.Conlinwasacompositorby trade.Hisunassumingmannerand obligingdispositionwonforhimboth therespectofhisemployersandesteem ofhisfellowemployeesattheplace, withwhichhewasassociated.The funeraltookplaceonWednesdayafternoon,the12th..andwaslargelyattended.Alargenumberofwreathsand floraltributeswereseatbyfriendsof thedeceased.Besidesbeingconnectedwithseveralsportingbodies,deceasedwasSuperintendentofthelocalFire Brigade,themembersofwhichgreatly assistedinthefuneralarrangements, whichwerecarriedoutbyMr.H. Doyle.Thebodywasplacedonthe reel,andthenumerouswreathsonthe motortender,bothofwhichwere drawnbythemembersofthebrfgacie, theothermembersmarchingoneither side,totherailwaystation,wherea specialfuneraltrainconveyedthebody andthosewishingtoattendthefuneraltothecemeterywheretheremains wereinterredintheCatholicportion. Thecoffin-bearersweremembersofthe brigade.Reposingonthecoffinwas theunif,rinandcapofdeceased,and theAustralianFlag,whichwereonly removedasthebodywasabouttobe loweredintothegrave.Thechief mournerswerethewidowandfamily ofdeceased.TheRev.FatherBroidy conductedtheserviceatthegrave.Deceased,whowaswithintwomonthsof 37yearsofage.leavesa.wfieandfour youngchildrentomourntheirloss.

CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Harrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly. That'sall.

APoet-PriestofElizabethanTimes

Acriticofrepute,incriticisinga volumeofpoemsrecently,referredto "theinferiorityofholywatertothe Pierianspringasasourceofinspiration."Againstthismaybesetthe opinionofawriter,himselfnomean practitionerofthepoet'sart,that. nothingwearssowellaspiety.Now, takingpietyasamongstthebetter things,thepoemsofRobertSouthwell, whopassedacrossthestageoflifeover threehundredyearsago,maynotunprofitablyengageourattentionfora little,ifonlybecauseofoneofthem BenJonsondeclaredthathewould liketohavebeentheauthor.

Butfirst,andforthebetterunderstandingofhispoetry,letusacquaint ourselveswithsomeofthefactsinhis shortlife;for,measuredbythethree scoreandtenyearsofthePsalmist,it wasbrief,closing,asitdid,whenbut halfofthatperiodhadbeenattained. But,astheauthorof"Marius,"pursuingShakespeare'simage,hasexpressed it:"Sayestthou,Ihavenotplayed fiveacts?True,butinhumanlife threeactsonlymakesometimesacompleteplay."

RobertSouthwellcameofanancient Norfolkfamily,andwasbornin1560, atHorshamSaintFaith's,Norfolk. wherehisfather,RichardSouthwell, resided.Itwillthusbeseenthathe wasexactlycontemporarywithSir PhilipSidney,whose"Arcadia"candelightusstill,andthepoet'spoet,Spenser,ofwhose"FaerieQueen"itcanbe saidwithmoretruththanofAntony's Circe,that"agecannotwitherher,nor customstaleherinfinitevariety."It isstatedthat,whileaninfant,Southwellwasstolenfromhiscradlebya gipsywoman,butthathewassoonrecovered.Whenhewasfifteenyears ofagehewassenttoParisforhis education,andfromtherehewentto Douay,wherehecontinuedhisstudigs, afterwardsproceedingtoRome,where hebecameaJesuit,beingreceivedinto theOrderontheFeastofSt.Luke, 1578.AcourseofstudyatTournai followed,andreturningtoRomeheso distinguishedhimselfinthecourseof PhilosophyandTheologythathewas appointedPrefectoftheEnglishCollegethere,andwasordainedpriestin 1584. Threeyearslater,incompanywith FatherHenryGarnet,hecametoEngwasreceivedintothehouse ofLordVaux,butsoonafterwardshe became(inaccordancewiththecustomofthetime)domesticchaplainto theCountessofArundel,andnotwithstandingthattheperiodwasoneof persecution,withpenalstatutesofthe mostseverecharacterinforceagainst Catholics,hewasabletofollowhis vocationforsixyears,duringwhichhe wrotethemostofhispoems,aswellas someproseworks.Ashehadboldly avowedthathewasapriestanda Jesuit,betrayalwasinevitable,andit camein1592,whenhewasarrestedon achargeofsedition,andimprisonedin theTower,wherehewasconfinedwith considerablecrueltyforthreeyears. HewasthentransferredtoNewgate, anda"trial"atWestminsterwasfollowedbyhisexecutionatTyburnon February22,1595.

Muchsorrowandsuffering,itwill beseen,felltohislot,butheneverutteredanycomplaint."LernezuLeidenohnezuKlagen"mightwellbethe watchwordofthesonsofIgnatius.Resignationtotheseveresttrialsbreathes throughSouthwell'spoeins,"wherein itmaybeseen,"tousehisownwords. "howwellverseandvirtuesuiteach other."And,asCicerohasit,"Virtus .hominenjungitDeo."

Southwellwasthefounderofthe modernEnglishschoolofreligious poetry,andhisinfluenceisdistinctly traceableinthemuch-admiredpoems ofCrashaw;unlikeCrashaw,however, heisneverhysterical,butgivesnatural andunforcedexpressiontothesimplestandmostgenuinereligiousfervor. Thebulkofhisverseisnotlarge.but. asGoldsmithremindsus,thepassport tofameisnecessarilysmall,andhad Southwellcaredaboutsuchathingas fame,thelittlepoemthatexcited BenJonson'sadmirationwouldperhapshaveprovedsufficient:'AsIinhoarywinter'snightstood shiveringinthesnow, Surpris'dIwaswithsuddenheat, whichmademyhearttoglow; Andliftingupafearfuleyetoview whatfirewasnear,AprettyBabeallburningbright,did intheairappear, Whosuchscorchedwithexcessiveheat, floodsoftearsdidshed, AsthoughHisfloodsshouldquenchHisflameswhichwithHistears werefed;

'Alas!'quothHe.'butnewlybornin fieryheatsIfry, Yetnoneapproachtowarmtheir heartsorfeelMyfirebutI! Myfaultlessbreastthefurnaceis,the fuelwoundingthorns,

Loveisthefire,andsighsthesmoke, theashesshameandscorns; ThefuelJusticelayethon,andMercy blowsthecoals; Themetalinthisfurnacewrought aremen'sdefiledsouls, Forwhich,asnowonfireIam,to workthemtotheirgood, SowillImeltintoabathtowash theminMyblood:' WiththeseHevanishedoutofsight, andswiftlyshrunkaway, AndstraightIcalleduntomindthat itwasChristmasDay."

ReadingitwecanunderstandBen Jonson'sfeelingwhenhesaidtoDrummondofHawthornden,"TohavewrittenthatpieceIwouldbecontentto burnmanyofmypoems."Jonson wasaliteraryartist,andheadmired theperfectionoftheworkmanship.Southwell'sotherpoemsdonotallattainthishighlevel,but,whilenever carelessofliterarygrace,hewas,unlikemanypoets,lessconcernedwith theformthanwiththethoughtwhich hesoughttoconvey.Towinsouls washisambition,andpoetrysometimesentersearsdeaftomoresolemn sounds.IngenuinepoeticworthI thinkitmaybesaidthattheycompensatefordeficiencyinform.Alittlepoem,entitled"Love'sSenileLot," isstrikingfromitsclear,coldmister ity.Itillustrateshisbeliefthat poets'inlieuofsolemnanddevout matters,towhichindutytheyowe theirabilities,busythemselvesinexpressingsuchpassionsassenTonly fortestimoniestowhatunworthyaffectionstheyhaveweddedtheir wills":-

"Thewillsherobbethfromthewit, Thesensefromreason'slore; Sheisdelightedintherind, Corruptedinthecore;

Ploughnottheseas,sownutthesands, Leaveoffyouridlepain; SeekothermistressforYourmindsLove'sserviceisinvain."

Inthededicationof"St.Peter's Complaint,"heobjectstothe"idle fancies"ofpoets,andlimitshisown effortstoweaving"anewwebinhis ownloom,"forwhichpurposehelaid "afewcoarsethreadstogether."Some ofthesethreadswoundthemselves roundtheheartsofhiscontemporaries, andwhenweareinafittingmood. theyhavethepowertodrawusstill. Thispoem,"St.Peter'sComplaint,"is hislongest,thoughnothisbest;ithas foritssubjecttheremorseoftheApostleafterhistripledenialofhisMaster.Astanzawillshowitsquality:"TitlesImakeuntruths:amarock. Thatwithsosoftagalewasoverthrown?

AmIfitpastorforthefaithfulflock, Toguidetheirsouls,thatrnurder'd thusmineown?

Arockofruin,notaresttostay; Apastor-nottofeed,buttobetray."

ThetrueChristianphilosophythat breathesthroughthepoemwhichhe entitled"TimegoesbyTurns,"serves toshowthatwhathelearnedinsufferinghetaughtinsong: "Theloppedtreeintimemaygrow again, Mostnakedplantsrenewbothfruit andflower; Thesorriestwightmayfindreleasein pain, Thedriestsoilsuckinsomemoisteningshower; Timegoesbyturns,andchances changebycourse, Fromfoultofair,frombetterhapto worse.

TheseaofFortuneclothnotever flow; Shedrawsherfavourstothelowest ebb;

Hertideshaveequaltimestocome andgo; Herloomdothweavethefineand coarestweb; Nojoysogreatbutrunnethtoan end, Nohapsohardbutmayintime amend.

Notalwaysfallofleaf,noreverspring; Notendlessnight,yetnoteternal day: 'Thesaddestbirdsaseasonfindtosing; Therougheststormacalmmaysoon allay.

Thus,withsucceedingturnsGodternperethall, Thatmanmayhopetorise.yetfear tofall.

Achancemaywinthatbymischance waslost: Thatnetthatholdsnogreattakes littlefish.

Insomethingsall,inallthingsnonearecross'd; Fewalltheyneed,butnonehaveall theywish.

Unmingledjoysheretonomanbefall; Wholeast,hathsome;whomost,hath neverall."

Thereisapensivebeautyaboutthat .thatmakesitlingerinthemindlong afterwehavereadit;whilea,Wordsworthianairandgracepervadesthe littlepoementitled,"Scornnotthe least,"which,quietlyeloquent,shows thatdidacticandtediousneedsnot(in poetry)beconvertibleterms:-

"Wherewordsareweak,andfoesencount'ringstrong, Wheremightierdoassaultthanto defend, Thefeeblerpartputsupenforced wrong, 'Andsilentseesthatspeechcouldnot amend; Yethigherpowersmustthink,though theyrepine; Whensunisset,thelittlestarswill shine.

Whilepikedothrange,thesillytench dothfly, Andcrouchinprivycreekswith smallerfish; Yetpikesarecaughtwhenlittlefish goby, Thesefleetafloat,whilethosedofill thedish; Thereisatimeevenforthewormsto creep, Andsuckthedewwhilealltheirtoes dosleep. Themerlincannoteversoaronhigh,Nor.greedygreyhoundstillpursue thechase; Thetenderlarkwillfindatimetofly. Andfearfulharetorunaquietrace. Hethathighgrowthoncedarsdidbestow Gavealsolowlymushroomsleaveto grow.

InHaman'spomppoorMardocheus wept, YetGoddidturnhisfateuponhis foe; TheLazarpin'd,whileDives'feastwas kept, Yethetoheaven--tohelldidDives go. Wetramplegrass,andprizetheflowerofMay: Yetgrassisgreenwhenflowersdofade away.

Southwellwas,ofcourse,rightinobjectingtoidlefancyinpoets.Poetrythatappealsonlytotheidlefancy isunworthyofseriousattention.attitisapitythatmuchofthewort: hisimmediatesuccessorsisopento objection:Herrick,forexample.an. Crashaw,haveleftmuchthatisunbecomingwhennotunworthy."Poetry:' saysWordsworth,"isthebreathand finerspiritofallknOwledge."In Southwell'spoetrywehavethebreath andspiritoftheknowledgethatis worthhaving.Damihi,Domine,scirequodsciendumest.Thespiritofthat prayerinspiredhismuse. Besidethepoemsfromwhich1have selectedafew,Southwellwrotemany hymnsanddevotionalpieces,all greatbeauty.Fromasequence sevenlyricsonthelifeofOurLadyI willquotejustone,ontheSalvation:"EpellEvabackand'Ave'shallyou find; Thefirstbegan,thelastreversedtill:harms: Anangel'switchingwordsdidEva blind: Anangel'sAvedisenchantsth: charms: Deathfirstbywoman'sweaknesse:tteredin, InWoman'svirtuelifedothnowlrgin.

0Virgin-breast,theheavenstothe, incline, Intheetheirjoyandsovereign1. agnize. Toomeantheirgloryistomatchwit: thine, WhosechastereceiptGodmoretha:-. heavendidprize. Hail,fairestHeaven,thatheavenart.-'. earthdostbless, Wherevirtues'stars,God'ssunofjus ticeis. WithhaughtymindtoGodheadman aspired. Andwasbypridefromplace pleasurechased:Withlovingmindourmanhoodt; desired, Andusbyloveingreaterp:easti% placed: Manlabouringtoascendprocuredour fall; Godyieldingtodescendcutoffour thrall."

Southwell'spoetrymaynutinaptly becomparedtothecalmwaters somepellucidlake.discoveringan addedbeautyfromtheheaven-point- inghillsreflectedinitsdepths. Foranumberofyearstheworldwas veryproudofthesepoems,eleven Consscarcelysufficinginthepert. between1593and1600.Thenfollowedtheusualneglect,lastingforaver twocenturies.when,in-18/6.an Conwasprinted,andthenaft,-a lapseoffortyyearsanotherAva pared,whichsixteenyearslater replacedbyaneditioninthe1:t71 WorthiesLibrary,editedby Thishasnot,sofar.beensuperseder`..

-, CompilersofanthologieshavebestowedattentionuponSouthwellfromtime totime,andhisworkhasbeensubjectedtothe'criticismofthelastcentury,receivingfromcriticsofdiffering creedsjustanddiscriminatingpraise.

MOANACAFE

HAY-STREET,PERTH. ForAfternoonTeaandSuppers. BeautifullyAppointedandTastefully Served.

RINGUP TELEPHONEA4265(DayorNight), ForallkindsofPLUMBING,GAS FITTING,andGALVANISED IRONWORK.

of

branchwasheldonMonday,the3rd. inst.,Bro.J.Faheypresidingover30 members.Allofficerswerepresent exceptthevice-president,Bro.John Monaghanactingfortheevening.The minutesoftheprecedingmeetingwere readandconfirmed.Correspondence wasreceivedfromtheF.C.M.S.complainingofill-usageofroomsbythe membersofthebranch,andoccasionedconsiderablewarmdebate.The superintendent,Bro.B.McCloskey, D.G.,reportedhavinginquiredintothevariousocmplaints,andwasproud tobeabletosaytheywereallwithoutfoundation,andthatthealleged damageandill-usagewasoccasioned bymembersoftheF.C.M.S.,andhe appealedtotheboystobeevenmore carefuloftheirconductinthefuture, astheywereasourceofpridetohim, andhedidnotwishtoloseanyofthe confidencehehadinthem.Thesecretaryreadadraftcopyofthereply heintendedforwardingtotheF.C.M.S andsaidhehadpurposelyheldback thereplytosecurethesanctionofthe superintendentandmembers.This wasunanimouslyaccorded.Masters H.Finmore,G.Beatty,andC.Beatty wereproposedformembership.MastersPatrickTroyandVincentPower weredulyiniatedasfullbenefitmembers.Receiptstotalled£210s.6d.At 8.30thepresidentclosedthemeeting intheprescribedform StaroftheSea136,Fremantle. OfferScholarshiptoChristianBrothers'Schools, Bro.T.J.Alfordpresidedoverthe quarterlymeetingoftheabovebranch oftheHA.C.B.S.inSt.Patrick'sHall, Fremantle,onMondaylast,the10th. inst.,whenconsiderablebusinesswas transacted.Bro.E.Gallagheracted asGuardianfowltheeveningintheabsence.witha&logy,ofBro.V.H, Satie.Thepreviousmeeting'sminuteswerereadandconfirmed.*Correspondenceincludedlettersfromthe ClontarfOrphanageBandCommittee. solicitingsupportforthecorduroy roadscheme,toenablethebandtoenioyeasiertravellingtoandfromthe 41gouscharitablegatheringsatwhich tneygivetheirservices.Appreciatingthegoodservicesthebandhas renderedthebranchpassed£1ls.t wardstheirfunds.AletterwasreceivedfromthelateRev,FatherSmyth MemorialCommitteerequestingourassistanceintheirdirection.Asumof £33s.waspassedforpaymenttothe committeeasatributefromthememberstothememoryofagrandHibernianandatrulyCelticSoggarthAroon. Itwasalsodecidedunanimouslythat thebranch,realisingthegloriouswork performedbytheChristianBrothers inourmidst,andbeingfullyaware thattheunparallelledsuccess-ofthe Juvenilebranchwaslargilyowingto thecontinuedeffortsoftheBrothers toinculcateintothemindsofthe scholarsaloveforIrelandandAustraliabyurgingthemtobecomemembers ofthesociety,asamirkofesteem andappreciation.shouldoffertothem ascholarshipvaluedas110.Itwas

decidedthatthebranchwouldholda seriesofmonthlyentertainments,consistingofeuchreparties,dances,etc., toassisttheVeryRev.FatherCallan toliquidatethedebtonSt.Patrick's Hall.incurredthroughtherecentrenovations.Bro.McCloskey,patronof theHibernianDramaticSociety,in themeetingthatthedramatic societywerebusyrehearsinganIrish slrama,whichtheywereplacingat FatherCallan'sdisposal;also,inthe sameconnection,Bros.Rev.Father NevilleandM.Quinlanwereselected torepresentthebranchattheannual districtmeetingtobeheldinSt.Patrick'sHallonEasterTuesdayand Wednesday,April22ndand23rd.It wasdecidedtoforwardaletterofsympathy.toBro.P.Carroll,NorthFremantle.anoldmemberofthebranch, inthelossofhisson.Receiptsamountedtoi:48.Bro.Alfordclosedthe meetingat10.20p.m.

EnglishCatholicMembersinthe NewHouseofCommons

ThenewHouseofCommonswillcontaintwelveCatholicssittingforBritish constituencies.Ofthese,eightare CoalitionUnionists,oneanIndependentUnionist,twoaremembersofthe LabourParty,andoneanIrishNation alist.Thefollowingisthefulllist:Archer-Shee,ColonelM.,FinsburyCoalitionUnionist. Coats.SirStuart,E.Surrey-CoalitionUnionist.

Doyle.N.Grattan,Newcastle,N.CoalitionUnionist.

Hailwood,Augustine.Ardwick(ManchesterI-CoalitionUnionist. Hennessy,MajorGeo..WinchesterCoalitionUnionist. Hope.JamesF.,CentralSheffieldCoalitionUnionist.

Malone.MajorP.B.,STottenhamnionist. O'Connor,T.P.,ScotlandDivision, Liverpool-Nationalist. O'Grady,CaptainJ.,S.E.LeedsLabour. Sexton,James.St.Helens-Labour. Sykes.SirMark,CentralHtill-CoalitionUnionist: Talbot,LordEdmund,ChichesterCoalitionUnionist. Ofthese,fivearenewtoParliament.

Mr.NicholasGrattanDoylewasoneof thefoundersoftheNorthernTariffReformAssociation,andwasforsome yearsitshonorarysecretary.Mr.Doyle isamagistrateandDeputy-Lieutenant forCo.Durham,andwasprominently associatedwiththeraisingofthe TynesideIrishBrigade.Hecontest. edGatesheadattheGeneralElection of1910.Mr.AugustineHailwoodis theheadofafirmofbakersatArdwich,amemberoftheManchesterCity Council,andprominentlyassociated withcharitableorganisationsinhis district.MajorGeorgeHennessyis thesecondsonofthelateRichard Hennessy.ofCognac.France,andwas educatedatBeaumont.Heservedas HighSheriffofHampshire.for1911. MajorPatrickBernardMalonewas borninCo.Galwayin1857,andhas beenconnected'withpublicaffairsin Tottenhamtiethirtyyears.Ilehas beenChairmanoftheWarPensions

andJ.O'Dea,andwasdrankwithmusicalhonours. Mr.Moran.inthecourseofhisreply, saidthatthoughhewassorrytoleave Wagin,wherehehadmademanytrue friends,hewasinasenseglad,because heknewhecouldbetterhimself.After thankinghisCatholicfriendsfortheir goodwillandgenerosityinmaking suchsuitablepresentstohimselfand hismother,theeveningwasbroughtto aclosebyavoteofthankstothe chairman.

"SocietyofSt.VincentdePaul,Western Australia"(3ncorporattd)

ParticularCouncilMeetsSecond Mondaymonth,EagleChambers,Haystreet,Perth.

CONFERENCES:

ImmaculateConception,meets ParochialHall,Archbishop'sPalace,Tuesdayevenings,8pm. SacredHeart,Highgate,Parochial Hall,Sunday,11a.m.

St.Brigid's,WestPerth,Convent Schoolroom,Tuesday,8p.m. St.Joseph's,Subiaco,Vestry,after lastMass. StarofSea,Cottesloe,Vestry,sites lastMass. St.Joachim's,VictoriaPark,Vestry,afterlastMass.

Committeesinceitwassetup,andis ChairmanoftheFinanceCommitteeof theMetropolitanWaterBoard.He wasmadeaKnightofSt.Gregoryby PopePiusX.in1913.Mr.JamesSex: tonhasbeengeneralsecretaryofthe NationalUnionofDockLabourers since1890.In1906heactedasChairmanoftheAnnualTradeUnionCongress.HeisaJ.P.forLiverpool,and wascreatedC.B.E.,forservicesduring thewar,in1917,Attheprevious GenealElectionhecontestedToxteth.

Wagin

Twoprettyweddingstookplacerecently Joseph'sChurch.On Tuesdaymorning,January28,MissMay Corry,daughterofMr.PatrickCorry, Co.Clare,Ireland,wasmarriedtoMr. KeithAllport,ofWagin,recentlyreturnedfromtheFront,wherehewent throughmanyseverebattles.After theceremony,whichwassolemnisedby theRev.FatherO'Reilly,thehappy pairmotoredtoBarton,wherethey caughtthetrainforPerth.Onthe previousSundayevening,themembers ofthechoir,ofwhichMissCorrywasa faithfulmember,assembledatthe Presbyteryandmadeheraverysuit ablepresentation,inrecognitionofher servicessinceshecafnetoWagin.Mr. andMrs.Allportreturnedfromtheir honeymoonduringtheweek,andleft fortheirfuturehomeatLakeGrace, whereMr.AllporttakesoverthemanagementofofthelocalstoreforMessrs. MalcolmandCo. OnthefollowingMondayevening, MissJeanO'Donoghue,daughterofMr. P.J.O'Donoghue,wasmarriedtoMr. C.J.Pritcher,thecityrepresentativeof Geo.WillsandCo.Areceptionwas heldattheWaginHotel.andafterthe usualspeechesthehappypairleftper motorforPerth.Wewishbothofthe newly-marriedcoupleseveryhappiness andblessingfortheirfuturelife. Averypleasingfunctiontookplace atthePresbyteryonTuesdayevening, February11,whenalargenumberof themembersoftheCatholicChurchassembledtobidfarewellandmakea presentationtoMr.P.J.Moran,who forthepastsixyearswasthegenial hostofthePalaceHotel.Father O'Reilly,inmakingthepresentation, spokeineulogistictermsoftheir guest'ssincerityasaCatholic,andof thevaluableserviceswhichherenderedtheChurch,andofhisfaithfulattendanceinthechoir.Hewouldnot onlybemissedfromtheChurch,but hewouldalsobemissedfromthetown, wherehetookanactivepartinevery movementeitherforcharitableorpatrioticpurposes.Thespeakersaidthey wereallverysorrythatMrs.Moran, whowasthegrandesttypeofaChristianladyhehadevermet,hadleftthe previousevening,butasuitablepresentasatokenoftheesteeminwhich shewasheldwouldbeforwardedti, her.

Mr.P.B.Durack,inproposingthe healthoftheirdepartingguest,said hewasconnectedwithMr.Moranin businessmatters,andhadalwaysfound himthemostcapable,honest,andhon. ourablematsheevermet.Thetoast wassupportedbyMessrs.A.Hardy-

TheWood-worm's"Smudge"

(ByAliceG.Heyde.)

"Leavethedoor-wideopen,Johnny. YoucansetthatoldboxIusedtobe keepin'lacesin,toholditback.'Tis afineday.Iwouldn'tbeaskin'for anythingfinerforthistimeofthe year,"saidtheoldcobbler,smilingup atthelittleboy.

"It'sIndiansummer,myfathersaid sothismorningwhenhewasgoingoff towork,"saidJohnny,bendingdown toadjustthediscardedshoelodebox toitspositionofusefulness.

"Inourpartofthecountrywecall. editthesummerofSaintMartin.Did youeverheartellofhim,Johnny?" inquiredthecobbler.

"CourseIdid,andIknowwhatday hisfeastis.too,'causeit'sthesame asMartinJoyce'sbirthday,November11,andhismothersayshecan haveapartythisyear!"

"Indeed,then,soonIcan'ttellyou anythingatallthatyoudon'talready know,"sighedtheoldman,hacking furiouslyataheelliftthatresisted hismilderefforts.

"Ho,"laughedJohnny,puttinghis booksontheovercrowdedwindow shelfbeforetakinghisaccustomed placeonthericketythree-leggedstool. "Ibetyouknowahundredmillion thingsthatIdon't.Ibetyoudo!"

"Child,child,whateveryoudo,don't letyourtonguerunawaywithYou," scoldedThadyinagreatlymollified tone."MaybeIdo,andagainmaybe Idon't,butthat'sneitherherenor there.Whatareyoudoin'withtwo books?Isitallthelearnin'inthe worldyou'dbegettin'inonenight?I neverknewyoutohavemorethan onebefore."

Johnnyskilfullysnappedabitof soleleatheratthesmallerofthe books,hittingitonitsedge,butnot dislodgingitfromitsplaceonthe windowshelf."Oh,goodness,we've gotthefearfulest,sillyoldpoemto learn.It'saboutacrazyravenanda manwho'dlostalenore.What'sa lenore?" "Spellitforme,"commandedthe cobbler. Johnnyreachgdforthedespised book."L-e-n-o-r-e,"hespelled. "Isthereacapital'1'toit?"asked thecobbler.

"Oh,yes,Iforgotthat,capital L-e-n-o-r-e."Johnnycorrected.

"Andwhateverintheworldcould thatbe,savin'somewomanorgirl's name?"saidtheoldman."Isit lovepoemyou'relearnin'?"

"Pshaw,no."declaredJohnny;"this isaboutaravenonthetopofadoor orsomething,andhejustkeepssay- ingthesamething."There'snolove init.It'sbyEdgarAllenPoe;funny kindofaname,isn'tit?"

"Itisso.andhimselfwasarare. strangesortofaman.Andsoyou're learnin'oneofhispoems?Well.well! Letmeseethebookaminute."He turnedthepagesof-themelancholylamentthoughtfully,whilethedusty clockabovehisscaleofpricesticked loudly.Thelittleboy'seyesnever leftthecobbler'sface.

"Ah,Ihaveitnow.Shewasa woman,ormorebe-likeagirl.forhe saysshe'sbeenalongtimegone.Dead, Isuppose.Andthepoorthingis grievin'forher.Andhere'sapicture oftheravenasnaturalaslife!He's thebold,blackfellowforyou.Did youeverhear,Johnny,ofhowhis featherscametobesoblack?"

"Goodness,no.tellit,won'tsoot,Mr. O'Brien?Mymothercalledformy littlesisteratschool,andthey'rego- ingtomeetmyauntandbuyher.my- littlesister,youknow,acoat,So therewon'tbeanybodyhome.Ican stayifyouwantme.mvmothersaid Icould,"exclaimedthelittleboy,all inonebreath.

"Nowthat'stine,"saidThady,"and I'lltellsemwhatyoucando.Just getmethatgreenboxfromthebottomshelfandlaymeoutsomenails ofthislength."Hehelduponethat hadfinallybeenextractedfrontthe heelofthegreycloth-toppedshoein hislap."Ihadoughttobuyanew box,for prettywelloutofnails; butIthinkI'llhewaitin'tillthepile. goesdownahit."

Johnnyseieeluponthewelcome task,andspillingahandfulofthenails whichrepresentedvariousstagesof usefulnessaccordingtotheextentof theinjuriestheyhadsustainedwhen informeri,ervice,uponhisEnglish book,heremarked,"Butweren't ravensalwaysblack.Mr.O'Brien?" "Notatall.notatall."exclaimed thecobbler."Iwasreadin'inanold bookoftale,(I'vecleanforgotthe *lameofitsthatatonetimetheraven wasa,whiteassnow.asprettyabird aseveryousee.But'twasonlythe feathersofhimselfthatwereadmired bythere:ofthecreaturesoftheforest.forinhissoulthebirdwasablackheartedthief.Notathingdidhesee buthe'dtrycouldhevetitawayfrom

theonethatownedit!Whenany littlebirdsawhimcomin'itwould hidethebugorbitofawormtillhe passed.Andeventhen,timeoutof numberhe'dbebackwhilstthecreaturewasfeastin',andhe'dsnatchit otitofitsveryjaws,therascal!

"Andthatwasn'tall.Onemornin' whatdoesheseebiitaweebitofa yellowbird,anditsingin'sweetlyin ahedge.Likeastreakofsunshine. thetinythinglookedasitswayedamongthedarkgreenleavesofthehedge. I'llhavethatweebird,'saidtheraven.Downheflewallwhiteandshinin'tothesinger.Hewassucha beautytolookatthatyellowbirdhad nothoughtoffearuntilitwascaught andbein'carriedawaytothenestof theraven."

"Whew!"whistledJohnny.

"Itflutteredandstruggled,butwithoutabitofgood,and,itscreeched. 'Help,help,somebodysaveme!'There wasnooneofallthebirdsaboutat thetime,an'Idon'tknowwhatwould havehappenedtothepoorthingifa woodwormborin'intothebarkofthe treethatheldthenesthadnotheard her.

"''TisonlyawoodwormIam,but theyellowbirdmighthaveeatenme thisveryday,andshedidnot. 1 cannotfly,butwhatIcandotohelp herI saidhe.Whichwasvery civilofsohumbleabody.

"Atsunsetthethievinravenwent tosleep,andtodreamIdon'tdoubt,of somemischiefhemightsetaboutwhen dayshouldcome.Thensoftly,warily upthesideofthegreattallpinetree. andindeeditwasoneofthetallestin thatpartofthecountry,thefriendlywoodwormcrawled.Whenhegotto thenestoftheraven,heboundthe twofeetofhimtogetherwithgrass, andheboundthemtight,whilehewas doin'it."

"Howcouldawormbindanything?" askedthelittleboyashetookamet.ondhandfulofnailsfromthegreen box.

"An'whycouldn'the?Isitbecausehehadneitherhandsnorfeet thatyouwonderathim?Couldn'the takethewispsofgrassinhisown mouth,andthencrawlin'quiet-like overan'undertheraven'stwolegs,tie himup?An'withoutwakin'him, too,thoughthatmaybebecausethe villainofabirdwasasoundsleeper." criedthecobblerinscorn. "Thenhewhisperedtothelittleyel- lowprisoner,'Flyawaytoyourhome now,beforehimselfwakesupan'has usbothbythethroat,'"continued Thadywithoutwaitingforthelittle boy'sacceptanceofthewoodworm', skill."'Meanwhile'tisalessonI'llhe givin'thissamerascal!' "Sooffwenttheyellowbirdan'it foundtheotherbirdsasleepintheir warmnests,an'gladitwastosnug- gledowninitsownhometillday- break,thatIcantellyou.Bntwhenthecleverlittlewoodwormhadsilentlycrawleddownthegreatlengthofthat monsterpinetree,itgatheredtogether twigsan'mossan'piecesofthin,dry barkan'wispsofgrassandIdon't knowwhatall.An'theseitpiledat thefootofthegreatpinetreetillthere wasaheapofstuffonallsidesofit. Thenhesetthewholethinga-Nazin'l Novdon'taskmehow,forI don't know!Thebookoftalesdidn'ttell. an'soI'venowayofknowin'.Buthe didso,an'theredflameswentleapin' an'dancin'upthesidesofthepine tree!"

"Washegoingtoburnuptherav- en?"askedJohnny,wide-eyedatthe thoughtofsuchdirepunishment. 'Doyouwanttospoilthestoryor canyouhaveabitofpatience?"demandedtheoldman,pushingbackhis dustyspectaclesandpeeringatthe littleboybeneaththem.Johnny dumpedoutanotherhandfulofnails, butsaidnothing."You'llputitout ofmyheadentirely,doyoukeepinterruptin'.Well,asIwassayin',the redflamescurledaroundthetrunkof thepinetreean'theywentleapin'an' dancin'upthesides,butthesmokeof themossan'grassbeatthemtothe nestoftheravenan'twastheythat rousedthebirdfromhisdreams.He wasnearstranglin',buthemanagedto puthisheadoverthesideofthenest an'toyell'Fire!Fire!help!

Help!'Hetriedtofly,butnotabit ofhimcouldheraise,byreasonofthe grandtrickofbindin'thesmartlittle woodwormhaddone.'I'llberoasted!Help,help!'hescreamedagain.

"Now,therestofthebirdswerenot abitsorrytoseethefellowinsuchdistress."Tisathiefheis.There's nodangerofhimbein'burnedalive. !fagoodscorchin'wouldcurehimof histricks.letusnotbetheonestoput 'no-thefire!'"

"Good "Theyenough,"laughedJohnny. sataroundontheboughsof thetreesan'thesmokewas-sothickit

soonhidthepinetreean'theshriekin' raven.Yousee,bein'madeofsuch smudgystuff,theflamessoondied down,butthesmokegotthicker.I supposeitwaslikethefiresyoumade atcamplastsummer,Johnny,youan' therestoftheboys,tokeepoffthe mosquitoes."

"Yes,sir,thosewerejustthethings weused;wehadafinesmudge!"

"Yes,an'I'llwarrantyouhadfine. lookin'faces,too,ifyoupassedatthe windwardsideofit,"saidthecobbler. "Bymebyonesparkcarriedbythewinddidsetfiretothegrassaround theraven'sfeet.Onetinyflamewas alltherewastoit,butitburntthe wispsthatheldhimprisoner.Likea flash,theravenroseupoutofthe nestan'withamockin'cryofrage wassoonoutofreachofeithersmoke orflames.

"Hewasseeninthosepartsnomore, butinagreatpinetreenearastall astheonehewasforcedtoflee,a hoarse-voicedbirdwithshinin'black feathersmadehisnest!"

"Black?"saidJohnny."Ithought yousaidhehadsnow-whitefeathers?"

"SoIdid,andsoindeedhehad, untilthesmokeofthewoodworm'sfire blackenedthemeveryone,fromthe tipofhistailtothecrownofhishead. Andservedhimright,I'mthinkin'. fromthatdaytothis,you'llfindthem so,withfeathersasblackasalump ofcoal!"

"I'veputallthelong,straightones inthisemptyspoolbox,"saidJohnny. "HerearesomethatIcouldstraighten outforyou,Mr.O'Brien,ifyou'dlet mehammerthemonapieceofstone orsomething."

"You'rewelcometothejob,then. Bringyourbitofastoneinwithyou someafternoonsoon.I'llleavethem beuntilyouwantthem."

"Iltat'samuchbetterstorythanthe onePoewrote,butmaybehenever heardaboutit.ShallIaskSisterif hedid?"

"Youmight,"smiledthecobbler. "Maybeshecouldtellyou.Now,do youwanttocarrytheseshoesjust aroundthecornertothelasthouse buttwo?They'reforaladythat's stoppin'withMrs.Murray,an'IpromisedherI'dsendthemifIcouldfind anyonetotakethem."

"I'lltakethem;Ihavetogothat wayanyhow.forIaskedourbutcher forsomebonesforPuss,andhetold mehe'dhavesomeinaboutanhour, soIcandroptheshoesatMrs.Murray'sbeforeIgetthebones.Idon't needanystring,andifPusscomes home,makehimstayuntilIgetback, won'tyou,Mr.O'Brien?"

"Iwillso!"promisedthecobbler, standingatthedoortowatchthe sturdyyoungstercrosstheever-perilstreet-cartracks.

forHimWhoHadGoneto France

(ByMayFeehan.t

Thehallclockstruck11-slow,silvery,vibranttones-andtheGovernor,rousedfromhisreverie,shifted uneasilyinhischair,thensankback againtohisoldpositionandcontinuedtogazeintothefire.liehadnot realisedthatitwouldbelikethistheoppressiveloneliness,thepeculiar andalmostfearfulstillnessthatpervariesahousewhenonelovedmember isabsent.Tospeakofhisboyasa soldierhadseemedafinething-in fact.aprivilege;tutnowwhy.it couldnotbepossiblethattheboywas reallygone.andgonewithsomuch hehadwantedtotellhimleftunsaid? Wordsofaffectionateadvicethathe had,manlike,putoffuntilthelast moment,andthenhadnochanceto utter-theship'swhistlehadcutthat short.Just"Good-bye,dad,oldpal! Don'tforgettokeepmein'smokes!'" and"Goodluck,myboy."andhisboy wasgone!

Withtheprivilegeaccordedhisoffice. theGovernorandhissecretaryhad beenallowedonthedocktowatch theshipgoout-theGovernorkeeping inviewonekhaki-cladfigureuntilit mergedintothebrownofthenumberlesssoldiersaboutit.AnoldIrishman,busyamongtheropes,hadrelievedthetensionofpartingandfurnishedmuchamusement.

"Good-bye,boys,thebestofluckto veall!"heshouted."GivetheKaiser agoodoneforme,theblackguard! Sure.1'11berighthereonthisdockto welcomeyeback,andI'llbepraying foriverymother'ssonofye."

"Don'tforgetme.Pat,"calledone curly-hairedyoungster,leaningfar overtherail;and"Me,too-me,too. Pat,"sameinalustychorus. TheGovernor'slipscurledinan amusedsmileatthisbitofby-play, andthesecretary,evereagertocurry favour.putthebigman'sthoughts intowords. "W'hypray?"heremarkedflippant-

iy,hiseyesonthegreytroop-ship steamingdowntheriver.

"Yes,why?"agreedtheGovernoras -heledthewaytothemotor. Luncheonattheclubandbusiness distractionsoftheafternoonhadsere, edtopassthetimequicklyenough; butto-nightthingsweredifferent;the glamourandexcitementweregone. "Verybadnight,sir,"Bingsobservedpessimistically,ashepushedthe bigchairinfrontoftheopentire. Thenightwasbad-dampandcold, withsubduedmutteringsgivinghint ofanapproachingstorm.Thehouse wasverystill-nolaughterinthehalls, nowhistlingonthestairway,noslammingofdoorsuntiltheverywindows rattled.TheGovernorsmiledinspite ofhimself.Hisboywouldputthose Germansontherun!The'stormincreasedinviolence,andthewind, whistlingaroundcorners,madeghostlywhisperingsintherooms.The Governorfelltodreaming,firstofthe boyasalittlefellow-asmallfigureinnight-clothesflashingintotheroom.:,,,"IrunnedawayfromLena,"itannouncedgleefully."Ibad!"

HowheandLucyhadlaughedastogethertheycarriedthesmallrunawayupstairs;ithadhappenedinthis veryroom.Butthatwag(twenty yearsago,andnowhisWM4gone toFrance!Helookedupatthepor- traitoverthefireplace,andforthe firsttimehewasglad.Menaremade ofsternerstuff;butLucyhadbeen suchatenderlittlemother,soloving andhappywiththebuy,thatshe couldnothavestoodthisparting.The turingGovernordreamedagain,pictheboyinhisfirstlongtrousers,amusingintheconceitofhis youthfulimportance,andforthefirst timelookingongirlsasothertha incumbrancesnecessarytobeborne. Andthentheterriblenightoftheaccidentcametohim,whenLucyand he.fearfulandtrembling,hungover thebedwatchingforsignsofreturningconsciousness.

Acharredlogfallinginthegrate rousedhim;theroomwascold,and hefeltlonelyandold.Ashestopped toreplenishthefire,thethoughtof theIrishmanonthedockcametohim. Hehadnotprayedforalongtime, butnowhefellonhiskneesandbuftedhisfaceinhishands. "0God."hecried,"takecareofmy boy-ms-ifwhohasgonetoFrance!" -The1,siiryMagazine.

SATURDAY,FEBRUARY22,1919.

THEW.A.RECORD.

NEWHOSPITALOFST,JOHNOFGOD

SUBIACO

SplendidUp;toDateAceommedatlea

CLOSETOSUBIACOANDLEIDERVILLERAILWAYSTATIONS.

PatientsmayselecttheiremuMedicalAdvisers.

TERMSMODERATE.PRIVATEROOMSAVAILABLE.OPENTO ALLDENOMINATIONS.

TorTermsapplytoan.Malken. IllsIllstersalsoconductssplendidlyequippedHospitalatKalgoorlie.

EfonventofSt.Josevh

AdelaideStreet,Fremantle

IfORYOUNGLADIES(BOARDERSandDAYPUPILS),CONDUCTED ETTHESISTERSOFST.JOSEPHOFTHEAPPARITION.

Thebuildingiswellventilatedandcomfortable,andtheDormitories, eta..arewellfittedtosecurecomfortandhealth. thechildrenareconstantlysupervisedbytheNuns,especiallywith regardtoreligiousandmoraltraining.

AUbranchesofathoroughEnglishEducationaretaught;alesFreud+, Doming,German,Painting,Singing,Pianoforte,Organ,Violin,Mend*. Bookkeeping,Elocution,ShorthandandTypewriting,Needlework, MinisandFancy),andKindergartenClassesforJuniorPupils.

Aredactionwillbewadeinfavourofsisters. rapmestisADVANCEIsrequiredforBoardersandDayPupils

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Beardenwillbeadmittedatanytimeoftheyear. PupilsarepreparedforUniversitiesandMusicalExaminations. Theyhavealsotheadvantagesofseabathing

Warfurtherparticularsapplytothe

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ConventofSt.Joseph,Fremantle

raINIM111111111.

-hristianBrothers'College PERTH

SECONDARYSOROOLFOEDAYBOYSANDBOARDERS. Rttaa,ladbyBishopGlbney,1114.TheeldesteathelleSellegeinW.A. Thitioralandreligioustrainingofthestudentsisearnestlyattended Primary,Secondary,andCommercialEducationareimparted.

VIPublicExaminationsarepreparedfor,includingUniversityCent. Beate,GovernmentUniversityScholarship,Matriculation,CivilService, RevelNavy,MilitaryCollege,etc. PhysicalCulture,Athletics,andallbranchesofSportreceivedue attention.MilitaryTrainingisimpartedintheCadetCompanies.

VocalandInstrumentalMusic,Elocution,PublicSpe.skingare taught.BilliardandReadingRoomsareprovidedforrecreativePurim**. A

Otatell HARROLD&MURRAY

VpetesIIRRERANTS, VICTORIAPARK, iibaitywaSEMIBras,Pollard,Chad', 4fsp,Straw,Oats,Barley,Wheat, USisit11sadMaio% TRIMSCASE.

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7..USTOWIS,liEff'FINGANDFOR.

WARDINGAGENCY, eRNBRALCARRIER, Plattner,fAifunbera,FREMANTLE.

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BEDROOMSUITES,inOakorMaple,consistingvfDuchesseTable,liFirtils Washstand,andMirrorWardrobe,115lea MALLSTAND.MirrorBack, GAHMSQUARES,Axminster,onlyafew,10ft.din.x31tdinitO1k.; Mk.aWt.,£10los. WogSeatUpholsteredARMCHAIRS,inArtCretonne,38/8:Leather,

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J.M.QUIGLEY,Licenses

SATURDAY,FEBRUARY22,1911.

NZWOLIITLICLUBHOT= SOUTHTERRACEFRAIWASIELR.

NewlyRatoyaiedandEplia4ala GoldfieldsaadNectli-WeveRs' tomesspeciallycateredkr.int Beachtrimsstopatdeer.

Proprietor,T.H.RYAN(late CriticClubandWvadkast),