The Record Newspaper 15 February 1919

TheIrishPeople

WhatPaddyHasDoneinAmerica.

Irelandisaboutthesizeofthe StateofIndiana.Shehasfivemillion inhabitants.Onceshehadeight,ano, whenonethinksofabsenteelandlord. ism,wewonderwhytheotherfive millionsdidnotgo,too,writesElbert Hubbard's"Philistine."

TheEmeraldIsleisverybeautiful. Thewindsblowinfromtheseaand supplyahumiditythatmakesthe flowersandplantsblossomandthe plantsgrow.

InIrelandthepasture-landsand meadow-land,blossomdeckedand water-fed.crossedandrecrossedby never-endinghedgero'vsthatstretch awayandlosethemselvesinmisty nothingness,arefairasapoet'sdream.

Birdscarolinthehawthornsand yellowfurzealldaylong,andthefragrantsummerwindsthatblowwlazily acrossthefieldsareladenwiththeperfumesofblossoms.

TheIrishlovethelandoftheir fatherswithachildlikelove.Their heartsareboundupinsweetmemories,rootedbysongandlegendin nooksandcuriouscorners,sothetendrilsofaffectionholdthemfast.

WheneveranIrishfamilyembarks fortheNewWorld,partofthelivemillioninhabitantsgodowntothewaeo sideandseethemoff.

NotlongagoIstoodonthedock Quenstownwatchingtwofinelads upthegangplankofthesteamship, cladincorduroy,eachcarryingabig redhandkerchiefcontaininghisworldlygoods.

AndthenextdayIkeptthinkingof thosetwofineyoungmen,and 1 thoughtofthewonderfulcareersof manyjustsuchIrishboysasthese.The boyshadhealth,strength,ambition. Theywerereceptive,eager,earnest. Andyettherewassomethingrollicksomeaboutthemafterall.

Doubtlesstheycoulddanceandsing, andIknewperfectlywellthatif necessarytheycouldfight,andperhapstheycouldfightwhenitwaspat necessary.

Whenthetwoboyswiththeirbig handkerchiefsarriveinAmericathey willgetjobs;theywillworkhardand faithfully,theywillcarrybigburdens, andoutoftheworktheywillgeta dealoflaughter. Andifapivotalpointcomeswhere theaveragemanlaysdownandquits. theseboyswillworkonintothenight andshowthegritoftheIrishrace. Theywillbecomeforemen,superintendents,owners. Suchhasbeenthetypicalcareerof hundredsofIrishmeninAmerica.

ThinkofJohn13.McDonald,who cametothiscountrywiththepeat mudonhisbarefeet,andwhobuilt theNewYorksubways-anengineeringjobthathadbeendeclaredby calledengin,..ersasneposoible

Andhowrtly.utWilllamG.M.-Ad..-, John.1.Ryan.ML,rgan WilliamR(;viler, l'. Farrell.1.,n R.cot.Sera*.r O'Gormanatolsc,re,.4,', buyswhnie-f,rbearsw..-it1,, Icanremonberatn.1( Lionmenontherai;ro;td,:. werea:I1ri:11aidweu t onticrai:roacl, ,entFa day."!tutwe6.,netinit

Ifyouwanttotiff'.Paddy,just forhiminthee,heral The Irishpos=.,e t'ilergy.T'ocycanplan.des,...e.build Taketipy,.or raihv.ivguide and,I:"-.rte ethename: .pre;.;,,mts andvi,e_pre,:dent:s_superit.:..10nt gen(ral a'genis,1...Laicmailare Dubl.in

Therewere father and5,n, ,_y intenclentoftlaIll,n..i.; R;;11, way.Andof ,ndbuildersjust.i . bogs 1tn I:::I Olin,. I. I

Mr,it year,.L rnana,..,-H and ,k Whe.1 wart si strew,: landai.I s.0,eh,k-H.. I And hccr!hat eston,! - linund13 and 1, I'liver Goldsmith:,,ticnfher tists, Ant±our: itdo,..sn't Trishinyn (le-rge makea Nearlya11 h(osseee.' pions.z1the 1):,%,_ withram,,., Calh1'..:1 ),;! !,1a), cotrni

state:,, wa%,a: antea:

Wearetoldthattherearemore IrishmeninNewYorkthaninIreland. InpoliticswehaveGovernorDunne, ofIllinois,andGovernorWalsh,of Massachusetts,asspecimenbricks, 'withenoughmorebrickstobuilda houseorstartawar.Theoppression, povertyandstrugglethatIrelandhas enduredhavebeenofuntoldbenefit forherchildren,forthelawofcmpensationneverrests.

Nogymnasiumcaneverproducethe magnificentphysicaltypesofmanand womanthatyouwillseealongthe countryroadsofIreland.Hereis beautythatmightmaketheApollo BelvedereandtheVenusofMilojealous.

Transplantedtoahappypolitical clinicwithroomtogrowandevolve. anddoanddare,theIrishshowtheir capacityforwork,-thought,organisationandhighendeavour.

TheIrishformacitizenshipofwhich wecanallwellbeproud.Theythemselvesareevolved,refined,softened. educatedbythecomplexityofconditions,andthenewenvironmentinto whichtheyaredrawn

ThelooseningoftheMarriageTie (lit'KatharineTynan.)

IbelongtoaChurchwhichdoesnet permitdivorcetoitsmembers,andfor thatreason,iffornuother,itshould claimmyproudallegiance,writes KatharineTynanin"TheNewWitness."Forarigidmarriagelaw,it seemstome,standsforthehonourof menandwomentothemselvesand,. totheirchildren.Youngmenand' womenthinkverynaturallythatitis themselveswhoaretobeconsidered inmarriage.INehaveallthoughtin thatwaywhenwewereyoung.When wecometobefathersandmotherswe perceive,ifwearehonestanddutiful, thatitwasalwaysaquestionofthe children.Thesenseofhonourtowardsthedependentcreatureswehave broughtintotheworldseemstome tolieattherootofthewholematter. Havingbroughtthemintotheworld, ourmostobviousandmostinsistent dutyistosurroundthemwithallthe sanctities,withallthetenderness,with alltheprotectionthatahomecan give.This,itseemstome,iswhat menandwomenweremadeforaufar asthislifegoes. Honourissopreciousathingthat anylossofitmeansalossofthe divineinthehuman.Inthesanctity ofthemarriagetiehonourisinvolved. ThesenseofhonourtoGodwhich meansconscienceandduty;thehonourbetweenhusbandandtrife,betweenmenandwomen;abosa,all,the Acuffofh...n9tirtothecl'HI'lren;tin' 11,,nwrw'n,) un t!in;.ablethattheyshill th: thetote have them v1n,11isn ataa24 :t:.,1iiirtar,11.411.1I,c-,`onejot itsh,,tiour au,tignitythat11:Lt-f;-H,er theirmothersh,n1,;be IntheircutF t Au:rlbebetterfr It,11:,.:11anilwomenthatwehadti,ver be,nbornthantha4theevesof''tor c11:,Irensh,uldIokonusandseesin 11.5. TLCfleaforeasydivorceisthat therearesomanyhardcasesinwhich pt,t,:earetied1,getherwhowou'dbe i.,ette,apartTherearemanyhard hiderea,es,but!heymi..:lie f.,rasdivorce;!n'l are,..!,:11,1, "t th,. .,.undationofthe111,,ral LawftheSuitt.AL]awmusttiecc.,. arilybeforthegeneralgood.Thep: p.,;siblefortheca.es w!.11.11sutlerliteanA.thelaw. ,ubuntthatclicor,emadeea.-.y 111,l t.,aterriblerelaxationof w tamperingV!ill inthe , ..-

1,r.1time%%lieuitt...1atut..art7,1. ht. thepress,thepub:k. ot-runt being (if rtonrn 1;.11i.; w,recLoin.ngtolightands'.rar.-?.e. pyiversite,Godandthe.ht,niwere 111,,Ckt'd',titoffasli'on riledemoraliiationofthexar,whichis .vniptontandwillpa.s,tierstha ptit,efactit.nuta %% delluxuriou:lv mateiiiiiisedandmad,;'can Lirallofustheyounghave rr(1%ing Letitsrer,:tytint V, a:'in11,11,,tir the%oung-hoare.yettohe.1.etus -,ot

ant BridalGroupsaSpecialty.

616HAYST.,PERTH(NearBarrackSt.)

--RAILWAY- -RECHADIFE tweeNoce

UlmCHAMBERLAIN,Proprietress.

ThemostsuitableforvisitorstoPerth.Theyaretightopposite thePerthRailwayStationBestattentionandModeratePrice'

VOLA1S111.

TheCatholicArtandBookDepot

111SIATIT,NextDeerfettleMale,OppositeLagIldwardZed& MissM.J.MoDERMOTT.Proprietress

PareWaxCaudle.,Charcoal,Tapers,Floats,SanctuaryOil,Crueillies, Beads.Scapulars,Medals,SpecialtyinStatuary,FramedPictures,NewBeek. feetarrived,AttheFeet's(Jesus,TreasuryoftheSanctuary,Lookingoe Teens,FromBethlehemtoCalvary,TesusCrucified,SufferingManGeei, WatchesofthePassion,EtreHorno,LentenSermonsonthePassion,Holy WeekandEaster,LoretooftheHolyHouse,BooksbyFatherLamm*, TheughtsonReligiousLife,Prayer-bookforReligion,Blessedt3aeramecit Book,MyPrayerbook,WithGod,SundayMissal,RomanMissal,ShortVisits totheBlessedSacrament,VisitstoJesusintheTabernacle,NewIreland, HistoryofIrelandbyDarcyMcGee,Knocknagow,StoryofIrelandbyA. M.Sullivan,RecollectionsofenIrishJudgebyMcDonnellBodkin.Ageed aresortmentofEnglishandAmericanStoryHookaS.HeartMessenger,Oar Lady'sAnnals,Madonna,Si.Joseph'sGarland,Australian,St.Anthony's. Annal,AveMaria.OrdersPromptlyAttendedto. 1945, W.BOXALL

DENTALSURGION, 149Buenasstreet(upstairs).

Kr.W.BOIALL,whoisaisgally.qualifiedandregisteredDentisteat VictoriaandWesternAustralia,respectfullydrawstheattentionofthe publictothetactthathispracticeinWesternAustralia,dungtheIasi eighteenyears,hasbeenbuiltontheeolidfoundationsofmeritorious skillandrecommend.ationefromgratifiedpatients.Heappreciatesthis somuchthathewishestopreventmistakesregarding,hieaddress.Re DasonlytheoneestablishmentinPerth,andemploysnoagencies', touts,orcanvassersinTownorCountry.ThePress

AnAmericanViewoftheIrishIssueinItsInternationalAspect

WhenFranceunderNapoleonmenacedthefreedomoftheworld,AlexanderI.ofRussiaheldapositionof detachmentnotunlikethatwhichAmerica'sPresidentheldonDecember18, 1916,whenGermanyunderthelatest HohenzollernwasattemptingtooverwhelmtheA4liedPowers.Alexander waslothtoembroilRussiainastrugglebetweencontendingPowers,whose objectsinthewar"asrevealedby theirstatesmenwerevirtuallythe same."Buthewasnotunwillingto helptoendallwar.Soin1804he laiddownasamaximtotheEnglish Minister,Pitt,thatthepeaceofEuropewouldneverbepermanentlyestablished"until'theinternalorderof everycountry'shouldbefirmlyfoundedon'awiselibertyasabarrier againstthepassions,theunbridledamthemadnesswhichoften drive heirsensesthoseinwhom power .ested.'"

IP The"HolyAlliance." HeproposedthatsuchStatesas wiselylaidtheirfoundationsinliberty should,onthecessationofthewar thenwaging,formaLeagueofNations,allthemembersofwhichwould guaranteetoeachthepossessionsof each,inorderthattheremightbeno "futureattemptstodisturbthegen%Altranquility"(Phillips,"TheConfederationofEurope,"London.pp.34381.AtthattimeIrelandhadjust passedthroughtherebellionof1798, thesaleoftheIrishParliamentby .CastlereaghtoEngland(18001,and theEmmetrebellionof1803.TheIrish issuewastheobvioustestofEngland's conceptionof''wiseliberty."

Butwithouteitherapplyingthis testorseekingsuchanadequateguaranteeofEngland'ssincerityasthefreedomofIrelandwouldhavegivenhim. Alexanderenteredthewar,andwasa determining,ifnotthedominantfactorintheoverthrowofNapoleon. Whenthecessationofhostilitiescame, althoughtheservitudeofIrelandremainedasasymbolofoppression.a pledgeagainstpeace,theplainpeople everywhere"promisedthemselvesan all-embracingreformofthepolitical systemofEurope,guaranteesfor peace,inoneword,thereturnofthe GoldenAge"(Gertz,''CongressofVienna,"quotedbyLipson,"Europein theNineteenthCentury."p.2121.But,

GreatBritainwasconcernedonly withanimmediateandpracticalobject,theendingofthewar.Itis clearthattheEnglishMinister meantthatonlyFranceshouldnot beallowedtodisturb.thefuturesettlementofEuropeby"freshprojects ofaggrandisementandambition" 'Lipson,loc.cit..p2121.

TheViennaCongress. ThePeaceCongressmetatl'ienna, andwiththenationbroker,Castlereagh,actingforGreatBritain,resultedinnothingbutrestorations;agreementsbetweengreatPowersoflittle valueforthefuturebalanceandpreservationofthepeaceofEurope,and quitearbitraryalterationsinthepossessionsofthelessimportantStates. Noactofhighernature,nogreatmeasureforpublicorderorforuniversal good,whichmightmakeupforEurope'slongsufferingsorreassureitas tothefuture,wasforthcoming.For theonlyguaranteeofthesincerityof theparticipantswasthatgiven,perforce,byFranceinherexhaustion.

(ByWilliamJ.M.A.Maloney,in"America.")

ontheroadtouniversalpeace.And thebasisoftheirfearisthesymbol, Ireland.

ThetaskoftheconferringGovernmentsistorestoreandtomakepermanentthepeacefulequilibriumof theworld.InthepastEnglandhas beenthecentreofthatequilibrium which,whendisturbedbySpain,Holland,France,orGermany,ledBritain towar;andthedisturbingelements weretherebyreducedtobalancedproportions,inleagues,alliances,ententes,andassociations.England,conquerorofAfrica.Palestine,Arabia, Persia,andtheGermancolonies;and possessorofIreland,Canada,Newfoundland,theWestIndies,Australia, NewZealand,India,Ceylon,andBurmah,hasnowbecomeempressofthe world.Yetitisactuallyproposed thatshegrantself-determinationto theworldandforegohersupremacyin favourofaLeagueofwhichthecomponentStatessmallandgreat,shall enjoyequalitywithherbeforethelaw ofnations.InthisLeagueeachnationwillarmfordomesticorderonly, andallwillcontributetoacommon forcethatwillguaranteetheworld's peace.TheunitofStateproposedfor theLeagueiscalledanation.Itis implicitintheideaofaunitthatit shouldbeindivisible,self-supporting, andabletosustainitsshareofthe commonburden.Thisunithasbeen furtherqualifiedasconstitutedbypeople"governedonlybytheconsent ofthegoverned"

TheCaseforIreland. Amongthenationsoftheworldthe Irishareunsurpassedinthesumof theirdistinguishingcharactersof speech,race,customs,andtraditions. Theytakehistoricalprecedenceover allnations,exceptthenationsof GreeceandItaly;theyinhabitacountryuniqueinitsgeographicalseparatenessfromallothersandgreaterin areathanGreece.Serbia,Switzerland, Denmark,Holland,orBelgium.IrelandcontainsmorepeoplethatGreece, Switzerland,DenmarkFinland.Serbia, orNorway.Unlessthewordnation haslostitstraditionalsignificanceand hasbecomeatermofopprobriumconferredonlyuponpeopleshithertofightingintheserviceoftheCentralEmpires,Irelandisanation.ThenationhoodofIrelandisnotdependentupon admissiontoanyleagueofPowers.A league'avowedlyfoundedonnationhoodunderminesitsownbasisbythe exclusionofIreland;anditsselective charactermakesofitmerelyaleague ofrulers,anentanglingalliancetoembroilpeacefulmembersinallthewars onthesevenseas.

edtodevotetheirlives,theirhonour, andalltheywereandhadtotheavowedpurposeofthewar,mustdecree thefreedomofIrelandfromEngland, asin1832thefreedomofBelgiumfrom Hollandwasdecreed.Inanyevent, theexclusionofIrelandmustmean theexclusionofEngland,aoo,froma leagueoffreepeoples,ofpeoples"governedonlybytheconsentofthegoverned."ForanEnglanddraggingin chainsthenationofIreland"could notbetrustedtokeepfaithwithinthe leagueortoobserveitscovenants."

Besidesmoralsanction,aLeagueof Nationswillneedthesanctionof force.

Itwillbeabsolutelynecessarythat aforcebecreatedasaguarantorof thepermanencyofthesettlement somuchgreaterthantheforceof anynationnowengagedinanyalliancehithertoformedorprojected, thatnonation,noprobablecombination,noprobablecombinationof nationscouldfaceorwithstandit. (January22,1917,"Messagetothe Senate.")

Forcecanbecreated.butitcannot bethriftilyoreffectivelyappliedexceptthroughthecontrolofstretegic gases.ConcerningIrelandasabase, theBritish"NavyLeague"-"from whichtheGermanNavyLeaguedrew itsimpulse"(Mahan,"America'sIn'terestinInternationalConditions,"p. 1711-inamanifestoissuedonJanuary10,1918,stated:

sionstowhat?ThefreedomofIrelandwillbethesignofthefreedomof theworldfromwar.Isthereany guaranteethatthissignwillbegiven totheworld?

Sincethentheperiodiccessationof warhascomes.,oftentotheworld thatmenhav&.ostcountofitsadvent. Ineverytrusl.thehopefulhaveseen againthevisionofIsaias,ofaworld unitedinpeace:andineveryfresh outbreakofwarmenhavebeenlured todeathbyrulerswhopromises1to pinionpeacewiththeirsword.The plainpeoplesofto-dayintheAllied. nolessthanintheAmericanranks. wereledtobattle,inorderthatthe supillmacyofrightovermightshould befinallyvindicated,thatsmallnationalitiesmighttherebybefreedfrom theoppressionofusurpingPowers. andthathenceforththefreepeoples oftheworldmightuniteinaequality asmembersofaLeagueofNations,a Leaguewhichwouldexercisecommon politicalsovereigntysolelytotheend thatwarshouldforevercease.They havewonthewar,butpeaceisyetto bewonorlost.Dominatingthe PeaceConferencearetheGovernment ofAmericaandtheGovernmentofthe BritishEmpire.America'sPresident beforeatwar.attheacceptanceof war,duringthewar,andsincethecessationofhostilities,hasunequivocally statedhispurposetoseekthefinaleliminationofwar.Plainpeoplesofthe worldbelieveinhim,trustinhim.bar fearforhimlest,likeAlexander1.of Russia,hispurposehedefeated.so thatmillions livesmu,tbesuanderedagaintoreachth?ssamestage

Inlessthanacentury,Ireland.inadditiontopayingoutofherowntaxes thewholeofherowncost,hasbeen madetopaytothemaintenanceof theImperialarms.andnavyofEnglandasumof1325,000.000(Mr.John Redmond,HouseofCommons.April 11,19121.Ireland'sannualforeign trade,almostexclusivelymonopolisedbyEngland,exceedsthatofSwitzerland,Sweden,Norway,Finland, Portugal.Greece.orSerbia,andalmost equalstheforeigntradeofDenmark ("Statesman'sYearBook,"19131.The exclusionofagreatandhistoricnation.whichisanindivisibleStateunit, whichevenunderpresentconditions isabletopaythesumexactedtosupporttheoneImperialnavyofthe world,andwhichhasayearlyforeign tradeof£147,550,000.wouldweaken thestabilityofanyaggregationofless compactStates,increasethepro-rata burdenbornebytheselectedmembers forthesupportoftheleague,anddeprivetheleagueofaconsiderablepart oftheworld'scommerce.

WhatIreland'sFreedomMeans.

TheinclusionofIrelandasanation wouldmeanthelosstoEnglandofher mosttreasuredposSession.True,a warhasjustbeenfoughtinwhich EnglishstatesmenfromSirEdward GreytoMr.LloydGeorgehaveavowedtheiressentialpurposetobethe freedomofsmallnations.Butina warbetweenempiresasubjectnation formsapartwhereeachempireis vulnerable,andwherethevictorcan convenientlydisarticulatethevanquished.Asubjectnation,suchas (.7zecho-Slovakia,thathasthehappinesstohavebeenacomponentpart ofadefeatedanddismemberedempiretherebyreceivesatleasttitular freedom.Asubjectnationsuchas Ireland,thathasthemisfortunenot tohavebeenacomponentpartofthe conqueredEmpire,receivesthetreatmentIrelandisnowreceiving.To givemoralsanctiontothefreeingof Poles,Cxecho-Slovaks,andotherpeopleslatelysubjecttoGermanyorAustria.eitherthevictoriousEmpireitselfmustfreeIrelandorelsethose othernation,whichassociatedthemselveswithEnglandandwereprivileg-

Beforethegreatwarthesecurity oftheIrishportswaswronglyregardedbythemajorityoftheBritishpeopleasapartisanBritishinterest.Thescalesfellfromour eyesafterwarbrokeout:Aclear visionofthesacrificesofgreatand smallnationsfightingforfreedom revealedtherelationsbetweenIrelandandworldtrade.ThestrategicunityoftheBritishIslesisa worldproblem.notmerelyaBritish interest.ThetradeofEuropewith Canada,theUnitedStates,theWest Indies,theGulfofMexico,thePanamaCanal,theCaribbeanSea,allthe RepublicsofSouthAmerica,allthe StatesofAustralianCommonwealth, NewZealand.China.Japan,Russia inthePacific,India,Ceylon,andAfricaaredependentdirectlyuponthe controlofIrishseaportsandthe' communicationsbehindthem.The Britishpeoplebeforethewarwere mistakeninregardingQueenstown, BantryBay,Valentia,andLough SwillyasmerelyBritishinterests. Irelandhaseighteenharbours,five ofthemfirst-class.Thebestof themfacetheAtlanticOcean.which floatsthetradeoftheworld.FriendlynavalcontrolofIrishharbours byfreenationsisessentialtothe freedomoftheworld.Theocean theair,thesurfaceofthesea,and underwaterattackordefencewill becontrolled fromIrishWesternports. WhythePowersShouldFreeIreland. EveniftheLeaguecreateanavysu largethattheburdenofitssupport wouldstraintheloyaltyofthemembers,thestrategicpositionofJapan withherally,England,actingfrom Irelandasabase,wouldenablethese Powerstogethertodefyanyforcethat theLeaguemightbringagainstthem. SolongasIrelandiscontrolledby Englandtheequilibriumoftheworld willremaincentredonher,andaLeagueofNationswillexistatherpleasureasanauxiliarytoherpurpose. Ireland,a HeligolandoftheAtlantic,would menacetheAtlanticcoastofthe AmericanContinentfromPunta ArenasinPatagoniatoQuebec. ThereforenavalcontrolofIreland byanavalrepresentativeofthetree nationsoftheworldisessentialto thefreedomoftheworld.Ireland istrulythekeyoftheAtlantic,a fortressthatguardsthemaintrade routesoftheworld.(Loc.cit.,January10.1918.1

PresidentWilson'sDoctrine. America,presumingthatherassociatesatleast"wereascandidand straightforwardasthemomentousissuesinvolvedrequired,"didnotdeem itnecessary"toassureherselfofthe exactmeaningifthenoteof"acceptanceofEngland'sGovernmentbefore thearmisticewassigned.America likewisedidnotdeemitnecessary"in orderthattheremightbenopossibilityofmisunderstandingverysolemnly tocalltheattentionof"theGovernmentofEngland"totheevidentprinciplewhichrunsthroughthewhole Americanprogramme."Itiscontainedinthe"AddresstoCongress"of January8."Itistheprincipleof justicetoallpeoplesandnationalities andtheirrighttoliveontermsof libertyandsatisfywithoneanother whethertheybestrangorweak."Yet evenwhenthearmisticewasbeing signedEnglandwasaffirming,as throughoutthewarsbEnglandhasaffirmed,andassheisto-dayaffirming byallthewaysanautocraticempire canaffirmit,hercompleteconsciousnessofthedistinctnationalentityIreland.InthePeaceConference "thegoodfaithofanydiscussionmanifestlydependsupontheconsent"of hisBritannicMajesty'sGovernment "immediatelytowithdrawitsforces everywherefromtheinvadedterritory"ofIreland;toliberatethose whombydeportationandimprisonmentEnglandhasrecognisedasthe leadersoftheIrishnation;andtopermitthepeopleofIrelandfreelytodeterminebyplebiscitetheformoftheir government.Nosuchguaranteeof goodfaithwasrequiredfrom,or profferedby,England;andshereservedthequestionofthefreedomofthe seasfordiscussion.Asitwasin1814, soin1918"itisclearthatGreatBritainwasconcernedonlywithanimmediateandpracticalobject,theendingofthewar."TheEnglishMinistermeantthatonlyGermany"should notbeallowedtodisturbthefuture stttlementofEuropebyfreshprojects ofaggrandisementandambition."

Ireland'sAttitudetoEurope. JustasAmericaentersthePeace Conference,Irelandenteredthewar withoutguaranteesofgoodfaith,from Enguand.Irelandhadnoshipping vainlyseekingpassagethroughforbiddenseas.TheonlyinvaderonIrish soilwasEngland.Andlrelandrefusedtobeterrorisedintowarbyfear offacingunaidedtheremotecontingencyofinvasionbyGermany.AccordingtoJ,I.C.Coeke,480.000IrishmenoughtanddiedforFrancebetween1690and1792.Theonlyentry ontheothersideoftheledgerwasthe 280FrenchmenlostbyHumbertin theRebellionof1798.Belgiuminthe 83yearsofherexistencehadspared notaman,ashilling,oranaudible articulatethoughtforthefreedomof Ireland.If,insteadofBelgiumand France,Irelandhadbeeninvaded, whathelpwouldIrelandhavereceivedfromoneorotherofthesecountries?Neitherinterestnorgratitude noryetkinshipcalledforasingle Irishmantofightinthewar.No powercouldtake,andnopowerhas beenabletotake,asingleIrishnationaltofightinFranceagainsthis freewill.ButIrishmenthoughtthat ifGermanywon,Belgiumwouldbecomewhatthey"mournedinIreland, anationinchains."Thefightseemed tobeoneofjusticeagainstmight,for thefreedomofsmallnationalities.In suchafight,"Ireland."saysProfessor T.M.Kettle,whofellatGuinchy,"had adutynotonlytoherself,buttothe world andwhateverbefell,the pathtakenmustbethepathofhonourandjustice."Concerningthe numberofIrishmenwhotookthis vouched-forpathofdutybeforeAmericaenteredthewar,Mr.JohnRedmond,M.P.,wrote:

AfreeIreland,asissoeloquentlyand conclusivelyshownbytheBritish NavyLeague,isamemberessentialto anyleagueofnations.Itis,indeed, theoneindispensablemember,the membervitaltotheleague,thememberwhoseabsencewouldleaveundeterminedonlythemomentofthe league'sdisintegration,onlythename ofthePowerwhichwouldnextdareto disturbthepossessorofIreland.the centreoftheworld'sequilibrium. WithoutafreeIreland,theforceofthe leaguecannotcontroltheworld;withoutsuchcontrollingforcetherecanbe noLeagueofNations;withoutaLeagueofNationstherecanbenopermanentpeace;andwithoutpermanent peaceplainpeopleshavebeenprivilegedtodedicatetheirlivesandposses-

FromIreland,accordingtothe latestofficialstatistics,173,772Irishmenareservinginthenavyand army. Carefulinquiriesmade throughthechurchesintheNorth ofEnglandandinScotland.and fromothersources,showthat,inaddition,atleast150,000sonsofthe Irishrace,mostofthemborninIreland.havejoinedthecoloursin GreatBritain.ItisapatheticcircumstancethattheseIrishmenin non-Irishregimentsareforgotten,exceptwhentheirnamesappearinthe casualtylists.

TheIrishAbroad.

Addingtothesetheotheryoung menofIrelandwho,compelledbythe economicconditionsathometoseek

elsewherethemeanstoexist,hademigratedtoSanada,Newfoundland,Australia,NewZealandandSouthAfrica. andwhohadenlistedintheiradopted countries,Mr.Redmondestimated thattherewere"morethanhalfamillionIrishmenwiththecolours"("IrelandontheSomme,"London,1917, pp.3-81.Thisnumber,500,000,representsapproximatelyone-tenthof theIrish-bornintheworld;andtheyfoughtasvolunteers.Theytookthe indicatedpathtojustice,andwentto warasIrish"InternationalNationalists,"believingthatthegreaten,frees domwouldincludetheless.Their numberexceededthevolunteersofany otherland;proportionatelytheyrepresentedanarmyof11,000,000Americans.Theywenttotheirgravesin FranceandGallipolibelievingthatthe Irishissueinitsinternationalaspect wasanintegralpartofthenewinter. nationalaspectofallnationalissues, therighttogovernmentonlybythe consentofthegoverned.TheIrish fromtheirunassailabledisinterestednessweretheonlypeopleintheworld whocouldgivetheAlliedcausemoral vindication;andtheygaveit-without requiringEnglandtoconsentimmediatelytowithdratingfromIreland, withoutfulfillingtheworlddutyof obtainingaguaranteethatthewar wouldbewagedingoodfaith.

Kitchener'sTribute.

GraciouslyacknowledgingthebelligerentvalueofthisinternationalaspectoftheIrishissue.LordKitchener theBritishWarLord,wrotetothe DublinVice-regalConference(1915): "Ireland'sperformancehasbeenmagnificent.""Englandisunworthyto kissthehemofIreland'sgarment." wrotetheEnglishlitterateur,Chesterton,movedbythespectacleofasubjectnation,voluntarilyfightingforinternationalfreedomalongsideitsoppressor.''Whateverthefuturemayhaveinstore.theBritishpeoplewill neverforgetthegenerousbloodofthe sisternationwhichhasbeenshedon somanyhard-foughtbattlefields,"said theLondon"DailyTelegraph."March 18.1918.

gerentscalledwhowaivedexemptionofBabylon,IrelandwelcomestheJew andwereacceptedareasfollows:- toZion.ForIreland.thoughfated

Ireland 30.4

Belgium 24.4

Scotland 24.2

England 22.5

tobethesymbolandshieldofempire, hasfaithinherfreedom.Sheknows howtofightandpray,tillthedayof empiresshallpass.tillfreedomshah cometo.thelatestofnations,shall comeevenuntothelast,whenanIrelandfreeshallbegiventothepeoples asasignthatamessage2,000years old,themessageofpeaceandgoodwillonearth,hasbeenheardandheedAlexanderofRussiasoughtandre-edbymen. ceivednoguaranteesfromEngland. andexperienced-theCongressofVienna.Irelandsoughtandreceivedno guaranteesfromEngland:andisnow theonlynationinthecivilisedworld thatisstillbeingactivelysubjugated byanImperialPower.Americasought andreceivednoguaranteesfromEngland,andtheconsequencesareyetunrevealed.

Thewarreportofasubjectnation inanimperialwar,ispublishedwhen topublishitisuseful;andisaltered orsuppressedwhennecessary,forthe benefitoftheEmpire.Thesignificanceoftherecordmaynothave varied;buttheaccountingisinthe haindsoftheImperialbookkeepers: therearenoauditors;thereportis publishedbythosewhocompileitfor theirownends.Hence,althoughEngland'sgratitudetothesisternation ofIrelandwasstillringinginmen's ears,although.too,thesurvivorsof the500.000Irishwerestillfighting abroadforinternationalfreedomfrom theday(Easter.1916)whentheIrish feltcompelledtowrestfromEnglanda guaranteeofgoodfaith,tofightinIreland,too,inthenameofrightagainst might,inthenameoffreedomofsmall nationalities,ofthecauseofinternationaljustice,thewarreportofthe Irishwas"Pigotted"inthepresswhich Englandcontrolledthroughoutthe world.AndagratefulEnglandshot asfelonsPearseandhisfellow-poets andseers,condonedthemurderof SheehySkeffingtonandothers,imprisonedCountessMarkiewicz.Professors MacNeillandDeValera.andathousandmore;hangedandlibelledCasa ment,placedanarmyofoccupationin Ireland,putthecountryundermartial law,thusgivingfullImperialrecognitiontothesubjectnationofIreland beforethesilentbutcomprehending gazeofthesufferingpeopleofBelgium.

Priortotherevolutionof1916there hadbeenlackinganNnternational standardbywhichtotest.thesolicitudeofEnglandforthefreedomof smallnationalities;alackwhichthe revolutionsupplied.IrelandmeasuredEngland'savowedcausebythat standard;andthenunaidedcontinued thefightforsmallnationalitiesonthe Irishfront;afronttowhichtherecent armisticewasnotextended.

WhatIrelandExpectsFromAmerica, WhenAmericaenteredthewarthe Irish-bornfeltthatPresidentWilson hadmadeholyagaintheAlliedcause; hadmadetheIrishissueoncemorean alienablepartoftheinternationalaspectofallnationalissues.Theyfelt thatitwasthedutyofeveryonein Americatofightforthefreedomofall, forthefreedomwhichAmerica'sPresidenthadpledgedhisword.Co-belligerentalienswhowerecalledinthe draftthenpossessedtherighttoclaim exemptionasalienh.Thefollowing percentagescomputedfromtheProvostMarshalGeneral'sReport(Appendix33a,1showthefashioninwhich thisdutywasacceptedbythenationalsoftheseveralco-belligerentaliens. Thepercentagesofthealienco-belli-

Wales 22.0

Soria21.7

Canada 21.0

France 19.4

16.8

Italy

ButcertaindominantEnglishstatesmennowopenlyopposetheprinciples theyformerlyToudlyprofessedor tacitlyaccepted,andforwhichthis warwasfought.TheBritishCoalition GovernmenthasissuedanelectionaddressantagonistictotheWilsonprinciplesofthenewworld-order.The "PopuloRomano"(December41publishesthatItalyhasjoinedEngland andFranceinanentente.TheAllied Premiershavemet,havesecretlydeliberatedandpubliclymadeannouncementoftheiragreement.Toatleast thisextentplainpeoplearenowforewarned.Analogousanticipatorysec retdeliberations,fromwhichRussia wasexcluded,occurredattheendof theRusso-Turkishwarin1870.butit wasonlywhenthePeaceCongressof Berlinwasfaradvanced,andwhenby longpreparatorymanoeuvringthewayhadbeencaredfortheannouncement.thatEuropewaspermittedto learnofthebargainmadepriortothe publicPeaceCongress,thebargainby whichEnglandinreturnforthelongcovetedIslandofCyprus.guaranteed Turkeyvirtualintegrity.Alreadytentativedivisionsofterritoryhave beenpubliclyandauthoritativelysuggested,inthemanneroftheCongress ofVienna.inthemanneroftheCongressofBerlin.Americahasbeen partyneithertotheseanticipatory deliberationsnortothesemunitionmongers'suggestions.

WillAmericaStandAlone?

WillAmerica'sPresidentbealoneat thePeaceCongress speakingforfriendsofhumanityin everynationandofeveryprogrammeofliberty forthesilent massofmankindeverywhere.who haveasyethadnoplaceoropportunitytospeaktheirrealheartsout concerningthedeathandruinthey seetohavecomeuponthepersons andhomes'theyholdmostdear?

Tel.A1893. BAIRDS'ARCADE. HIGHCLASSPHOTOGRAPHERS. OurSpecialties:Soldiers,Wedding Groups,ChildrenandPresentation

Hehasgonetoupholdtheprinc.ples andpoliciesforwhichheledAmericanstospendtheirlives.theirhonour, andtheirpossessions.Theseclusion ofserriedcordonsofarmedguards maysurroundtheconference:andits diplomacymaybeshroudedbyacensoredpress.ButplainpeopleeverywherewillknowhowtojudgethePresident'scrogress.Thereisonetestedstandard,andonlyone.bywhich theAlliedcause.maybejudged,a standardbywhicheveryprinciplePresidentWilsonhasenunciatedmaybe measured,astandardbywhichthe presentmaybeweighedwiththepast andthefuturemaybeestimated,the standardofIreland.Covenantsand theprinciplesbywhichthesearearrivedatmayormaynotopen.and diplomacymayalwaysremainfrankly hiddenfrompublicview.For,firstly. therecanbeno"absolutefreedomof theseasoutsideofterritorialwaters. alikeinpeacearidinwar."withoutthe freedomofIreland:secondly,there canbeno"removal,sofarasispossibleofalleconomicbarriers."without thefreedomofIreland;thirdly,there canbeno"adequateguaranteesgiven andtakenthatnationalarmaments willbereducedtothelowestpointconsistentwithsafety.-withoutthefreedomofIreland:lourthhly.therecanbe "generalassociationofnations formedunderspecificcovenantsfor thepurposeofaffordingmutualguaranteesofpoliticalindependenceand territorialintegrityingreatandsmall Statesalike,"withoutthefreedomo. Ireland;and,lastly,therecanbeno moralapplicationof"theprincipleof justicetoallpeoplesandnationalities, andtheirrighttoliveonequalterms oflibertyandsafetywithoneanother, whethertheybestrongorweak," withoutthefreedomofIreland."Unlessthisprinciplebemadeitsfoundationnopartofthestructureofinternationaljusticecanstand."Hence, bythestandardofplainpeople,PresidentWilsonmustseekfirst-thefreedomofIreland,andallthingselse shallbeaddeduntohim.

Belgiumanationagainismusicto Irishears.ThefreesoilofFranceaffordsatleastagraveworthyofthe freemenofIreland.Theliberationof Polandgivesgladnessnowheregreater thaninIreland.Evenfromthewaters

DepthsofIgnorance

Ignoranceisattimesanamusing .quality.Onegotacertainpleasure theotherdayfromfindinginoneof theafternoonpapersaparagraph headed,"WasattheBlackHoleof Calcutta,"whichanouncedthataSergeantRoberts,whodiedrecentlyat Addlestown,"assistedtofetchoutthe victimsfromtheBlackHoleatCalcutta."Onepositivelyrejoicedthe followingmorningwhenaleading dailypaperaddedapinchofcorroborativedetailtothestory,anddeclared thatthegallantsoldierwas"inhis seventeenthyear"atthetimeofhis famousrescueexploit.Itisnotthat theblunderisanunusualone.At leastthreeEnglishmenoutoffour,we fancy,haveahazynotionthatthetragedyoftheBlackHolewasoneofthe incidentsoftheIndianMutiny.When thejubilee(asthe"DailyTelegraph" calledit)oftheIndianMutinywas celebratedafewyearsago,anEnglish peermadeaspeechinwhichhetook itforgrantedthattheincidentofthe Black ewasonlyfiftyyearsold, insteadhappeningasitdidin1756. This, think,givesafairenough ',measureofthegeneralignoranceofthe Tfactsofhistory."Everyschoolboy knows,"saidMacaulayinhismost famoussentence,"whoimprisoned Montezuma,andwhostrangledAtahualpa."Everyschoolboy,asanyexaminercantellyou,knowsnothingof thesort.Theschoolboywhohad evenheardofAtahualpawouldberegardedwithawebyhisfriendsand relationsasonepredestinedtoagreat career.Theordinaryschoolboy thinkshimselfluckyifhecanremem. bersomethingaboutAlfredandthe buns,andHaroldandthearrow,and whetheritwasHenryVIII.whohad sixwivesorHenryVI.whohadeight. Histasteinhistoricaleventsissimple.Allheasksistobequitesure ofsuchthingsasthattheBattleof HastingsandWarrenHastingsdidnot occurinthesamecentury. AstoAtahualpa,youmightaswell askhimwhowasGegnaesiustheArmenian,orBaanes,nicknamedthe Dirty.Thesethings,likethequestionwhatsongtheSirenssang,and whatnameAchillesassumedwhenhe hidhimselfamongwomen,though puzzlingquestions,arenot,asSir ThomasBrownesays,beyondallconjecture.Buttheyarefarbeyondthe limitsoftheaverageEnglishschoo..boy'scuriosity.Historyisalready sufficientlycrowdedwithbaldandunconvincingnamestodestroyhisappetiteformoreofthesamekind.What helearnshelearnsmechanically,and notwithhisimagination.And,as soonasitceasestobecompulsoryto rememberithecastsitfromhismind likeaburden.Hencethecomprehensiveandnever-to-be-sufficiently-admiredignoranceofmenandwomen.There arehundredsofthousandsofmenana womeninEnglandwhodonotknow whetherHomerwasaGreekoraLatin poet,andafriendofoursoncemeta maninatheatrewhobelievedthat Shakespearewrote"ThePickwick Papers.Buttheseareblundersof thecomparativelylearned.Theignoranceofignorantpeoplegoesfar deeperthanthis.Onefindsastonishingexamplesofignorancenotonly ofthefactsofhistory,butofthe commonestfactsoftheworldabout us.Itwouldbeaninterestingamusementinanycompanyforeachperson presenttorelatethemostsurprising exampleofadultignorancethathad comewithinhispersonalexperience. WeoncemetawomaninLondonwho wasignorantofthefactthatwood comesfromtrees.Wefoundanold womaninC.ountyDonegalwhohad neverhearofthecityofDublin.Mr. JosephHocing,describinghisrecruit ingexperiencesinCornwallintheearly monthsofthewar.'affirmedthatsome peoplehadaskedhimwhetherLord KitchenerwastheheadoftheEnglish ortheGermanArmy.Soincredible isignoranceofthiskindthatonecan hardlyhelpsuspectingthatsomebody hisbeensuccessfullypullingaleg.

Buttheignoranceoftheaverageman isgenuineenough.Hehasnoneed toaffectignoranceforasport..Ifone wereboldenoughtoturncatechistin acrowdedLondon'busanddemand ofeveryonepresentthedatesofthe murderofJuliusCaesar,MagnaCharta, andtheFrenchRevolution,wedoubt ifmorethantwopersonswouldbe abletonameeventhecenturyin whicheacheventhadhappened.We areforthemostpartinclinedtotake theworld'spastasread,andtoproceedtotheamusementofthepresent. Whatdoe'sitmatterifwethinkthat Milton'sChristiannamewasThomas, seeingthatoureveningwillbespent notinreading"ParadiseLost,"butin seeing"TheBeastofBerlin"onthe cinema?

Havingarrivedatthispoint,the presentwriterresolvedtoputhisown ignorancetothetest,andforthispurposetookdownavolumeofthe"En. cyclopaediaBritannica"andopenedit atrandom.Thefirstarticlethatmet hiseyewasonthesubjectoftheBogomils.Howmanyhonestmencan saytheyknowanythingaboutthe Bogomils?Aretheyarangeof mountains,abreedofducks,ora tribeofgipsiesofthedesert?Evenan averagebishopmighthesitatebefore consentingtowriteanessayonthem. Thattheywereacommunityofheretics,asortofBulgarianAlbigenses,he mightbevaguelyaware;butwedoubt ifeventheArchbishopofCanterbury couldhavetoldyouthat"underTurkishruletheBogomilslivedunmolestedasPavlikeniintheirancientstrongholdnearPhiloppopolis."Weconfess fraifklyweknewnomoreofthisthan ofthedateoftheFlood.Thenext subjectdealtwithinthe"Encyclopaedia"wasBogorodsk.Theendingof thewordmighthavetoldonethat thiswassomewhereinRussia;butas toitspopulation,itsplaceonthe map,anditschiefmanufactures,Adam andEvewerenotmoreignorantthan thepresentwriter.Andyetthe"Encyclodaedia"declaresthatitis"famous"foritsgoldbrocade.Thencame ashortarticleontheBogos,orthe Bilens,astheyareunenlighteningly describedinparentheses.Wehad passedatleasthalfalifetimewithout evenhavingheardofthem.Here wasapastoralraceofmixedHamitic descent,livingsomewhereinAbyssinia. thatmighthavedisappearedfromthe mapwithoutourbeingapennythe wiser.AndyettheBogosareaninterestingpeople."Theeldestsonof aShumaglieh"-aBogo"elder"-Inheritshisfather'stwo-edgedsword, whitecows,landsandslaves,butthe housegoestotheyoungestson. TheBogohusbandneverseestheface orpronouncesthenameofhismotherin-law,whileitisacrimeforawife toutterherhusband'sorfather-inlaw'sname."Aswereadthisforthe firsttime,weinstinctivelyechoedMr. LloydGeorge'sgreatcry,"Whydid nobodytellmeaboutit?"

"Encyclopaedia,"is"wellknown."As weadvancefromoneevidenceofour ignorancetoanother,webegin,like Socrates,tothinkthattheonlything weknowisthatweknownothing. Eventhe"Encyclopaedia"confesses itsiygnorancewhenitcomestothenext word,"Bogus,"which,itdeclares,"is ofuncertainorigin,possiblyconnectedwithFr.bagasse,sugar-canerefuse." Ourownignoranceonthesubjectis sodensethatwecouldnothave guessedevenatthisstrangepossibility.ThencomesBohea,whichwe knewwasakindoftea,butwhichwe learnedforthefirsttimewas"aword derivedfromtheNVu-ihillsintheFuhkienprovinceofChina,bbeingsubstitutedforworv."Untilyouread thesentenceasecondtime,itsounds asmadasabracadabra.Butsodoes agreatdealofthisoranyotherencyclopaediaintheearofamanignorantoffacts.Thegreaterpartof knowledgeisaforeignlanguagetotne majorityofus.Wecannomoreassimilateitthanwecanchewtincans orthewood-blocksoftheLondon pavement.

EnthronementoftheSacredHeartin theFamily.PicturesandformsofConsecrationfromId.upto

Bogota,thenextsubjectonthelist, broughtusbackwithinourdepth again.WehadatleastheardofBooth.Weoncehadafriendwhoused towriteleaderettesonthepoliticsof Bogotawhenhewasshortofatopic. But,thoughwehadreadscoresof theseleaderettes,wehadremainedignorantofthefactthatBogotahas beencalled"theAthensofSouthAmerica."Wedidnotevenknowthat theplainonwhichthecityisbuilt "wasthecentreofChibchacivilisation beforetheSpanishconquest."Chibchacivilisationhasnever,asthevulgarsay,beenoneofourstrongsuits. AfterBogota,Bogra.Bogra,itappears,isanIndiantownsituatedona riverwehadneverheardof,theKaratoya.FromBograwepasshopefully tothenextsubject,"Rogue,David (1750-18251,BritishNonconformistdivine,"who,weareinformed,"wasborn intheparishofColdingham,Berwickshire."Wefeelthatweoughttohave heardofDavidBogue.Alongwith JamesBennet,hewrotea"Historyof Dissenters,"which,accordingtothe

Thelastsubjecttreatedinthepages atwhichweopenedthe"Encyclopoediawasluckilyoneofwhichwewere notentirelyignorant.Weknewat leastthatBohemiawasanationand hadlongbeeninterestedinitslanguageandliteraryrevival,andinits struggleforfreedomfromHapsburg rule.Butweconfessitwasnewsto usthatit"hastheformofanirregularrhomb,"andthat,"fromanoropraghicpointofview,BohemiaconstitutesamongtheAustrianprovinces aseparatemassif."Ourknowledge wasconcernedratherwithsuchevents astheschismofJohnHussandthe adoptionbytheBohemiansofasort ofSinnFeinpolicyin1867,whenthey refusedtosendrepresentativestothe ImperialParliamentatVienna.But eveninregardtoBohemiaonewould notcaretoboastofone'sknowledge. Onefeelsconfidentoflittleconcerning itsavethenameofitscapitalandits righttofreedom.Butevenanignorantmanmayknowenoughofittobe amazedattheignoranceshowninthe lastyearortwobyvariouspolitical writersonthesubject.Manypeople donotevenknowthatBohemiaalreadyenjoysasortofHomeRulein alocalDiet. Mapisbornignorant,andhegoes ignoranttohisgrave.Thatisat oncehistragedyandhiscomedy.It istragicbecausewithknowledgehe coulddosomuch.Itiscomicbecauseheattemptstomakeupforhis ignorancebydogmaticpretentiousness.Fortheignorantmanlays downthelawasdogmaticallyasthe manwhohastriedtolearn-more dogmatically,indeed,asarule.There arenopeoplewhowilltellyouhowto settletheaffairsofRussiaorIndiaor Irelandwiththesameconfidenceas someperfectignoramuswhowould. hardlyknowoftheexistenceofthe countrieswereitnotthattheywere occasionallymentionedinthepapers. Nothingissoimmodestasignorance. Wereignoranceself-consciousandable toblush,anewhopewoulddawnfor thehumanrace.Wearenowinthe brassage.wheneveryonebellowsand nooneblushes.Theentirefutureof thismagnificentplanetdependsonthe chancethat.amidthemillionsof cheerfulcinematograph-haunting,revus-going,picture-paper-reading.carelesshumanbeingsthereareafew thousanddiscontentedcreaturessomewher-esurientafterknowledge,greedy toknowthenameofthings(ifitis onlyofgermsorGreekfiguresof speech,orthebonesof-anowl'sleg, ortheracesofman),andeagertorelateonefacttoanothertillthesebecome,inanadaptationofBrowning's phrase,notathirdfact,butastar.Oh, wehumanbeingsareinaveryblack hole-aholequiteasblackasthe BlackHoleofCalcutta.Thatisthe firstlessoninspiritualgeography.

CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Harrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly. That'sall.

upperportion ofthebuildingisoneofthefinestand mostpicturesque.Thegroundsare ample,andwelllaidout.

Fordelightfulsituation,beautiful scenery,andhealthyclimate,Mt.St. Joseph'sstandsunrivalled.

Thecourseofstudyembracesallthe branchesofathoroughEnglisheducation,Mathematics,Elocution,Physical Culture,Drawing,Painting,Music,and Needlework.

Specialfacilitiesareofferedtopupils desirousoffollowingacommercial courseinStenography,Typewriting, andBookkeeping.

PupilsarepreparedfortheUniversity,CommercialandMusicalExam. inations. ThehealthandcomfortoftheduidrenconfidedtothemarecarefullyattendedtobytheSisters.

Forfurtherparticularsapplytothe SISTERSUPERIOR, Mt.St.Joseph'sConvent, SouthPerth. Telephone,U9.

Theonlywomanelectedtoaseatin theHouseofCommonswasthefamous CountessMarkievicz,the"ladyin green"oftheDublinrebellion.She waselectedforSt.Patrick's,Dublin. Fromherearliestchildhoodshehada romanticloveforIrelandandeverythingIrish.Shewasalwaysriding anddrivingaboutthecountryand gettingtoknowthecountrypeople. Andonherlongsketchingexpeditions shewouldsitinthecottagesforhours, talkingtothepeasantsandhearingall sortsofoddstoriesandlegendsabout Ireland'spastandherfutilestruggles forfreedom.Thesestoriestooka strongholdonherimagination.She wasfurtherinfluencedbyherintense sympathywiththepoorandthosesufferingunderoppression.Thisfeeling ledhertothrowherselfwithenthusiasmintoherworkduringthebig Dublinstrike,whenshefed600childreneverydayforsixmonths,workingdayandnighttodoeverythingin herpowertorelievetheterribledistressprevailinginIreland.

AnyonewhoknewtheCountess' romanticpassionforhernativeland, herfieryenthusiasminthecauseofthe oppressed.herabsolutepersonalfearlessnessandcontemptfordanger.could easilyunderstandhowshethrewherselfintoadesperateadventurelikethe SinnFeinrebellion.Herdaringexploitsandhairbreadthescapesintimes ofpeace-riding.driving,swimming, andboating-wereforyearsthedelightoftheIrishcountryside.Itwas nouncommonsighttoseehergofar outtosea,onthewildAtlanticcoast. inafrailcanoe.PeopleinManchesterrememberhow,asshedroveher coachandfourdownthestreetinth! middleofahugeelectioncrowd,a man,struckbytheunwomaninessof theproceedings,andwishingtorecall hertoherpropersphere,shoutedafter her:"Canyou-cookadinner?"Her laughingreply:"Yes.Canyoudrive acoachandfour?"wonaroarfrom thecrowd.Thevarietyandoddness ofhertalentshavealwaysbeena sourceofsurprisetoherfriends. Wood-carving,panelling.play-acting. scenepainting,writinganddoingbeautifulembroideryareafewofhermost typicalindooractivities.Fromthe latestnewstohanditisreportedthat amoveisbeingmadetobarthecountessasanelectedrepresentativein Parliamentonaccountofherhusband. aPole,notbeingnaturalised.

Ireland'sClaim TOSELF-DETERMINATION.

Washington,Feb.6. TheForeignAffairsCommitteeof theHouseofRepresentativeshave passedaresolutiontotheeffectthat thePeaceConferenceshouldconsider favourablyIreland'sclaimtobe grantedself-determination.

Theabovemorselofinformationwas extractedfromthecablenewsinthe "WestAustralian"ofSaturdaylast.

Thsopinionsofsomeoftheprelates intheUnitedStatesofAmericaon theIrishquestionareparticularlyinterestingjustnow.HisEminence CardinalO'Donnell,ofBoston,says: "Nootherpeoplenorothernation hashadagreaterloveoflibertythan theIrish.

"Wehearmuchnowadaysofthe trialsofmankindinthesmallernations.TheIrishpeoplehavesuffered andstruggledthrough.themostwonderfulseriesofpersecutionseves known.Theyhavesufferedtheloss oftheirownnationalrights,which theyhaveneveryieldedandneverwill.

"Now,whenthenationsarebrought tothebarofjustice.letthemlook backandseehowtheyhavebartered withthethingswhichareGod's.If the':arehonest,evenlate,let-them admittheirwrongandrightthe wrongs.HerearetheideasoftheMostRev. I..hoJ.Glennon.ArchbishopofSt. Louis:

"Themeaningofdemocracyisthis: thatapeupe-anation-willhavethe rightandasserttherighttogovern themselves;thatthegoverningvoice ofthatnationwillbeitsmajority, andthatmajorityshouldhaveconstitutionallimitations.

"Ireland.anation.demandsthe righttogovernherself,Thevoiceof thenationisthevoiceofthemajority ofherpeople,speaking:andthatmajoritywantsitswillandrightto ,yern,hedgedinbyproperconstita. tionallimitations.

"Allofwhichisadmittedinthe warandbypracticallyallthenations partiesthereto,butmoreparticularly andspecifically-bytheEnglish-speakingnatioe,--towit.England,hercoloandtheUnitedStates.

-j, hetha,theexigencies

--I

Ireland,butthiswarwillnotend, whateverpeacepactsareprojected, unlesstheworld-judgmentinfavourof Irelandisputintoexecution.We havereachedthetimewhendemocracymarches'paripassu'withhumanity;anditssword,reluctiintly drawn,willnotbesheatheduntilthe nationsbereleasedfromtheiroppressors,andtherighttoliveandgovern themselvesisfinally,fullyandpermanentlyvindicated."

Thatsterlingcharacter,Archbishop Hanna,ofSanFrancisco,hasthisto say: "ThethinkingmenofthewordbegintofeelthatIreland'sdayofresurrectiondawns.Buffetedshehas been,crucified-yes,seeminglyburied -butthedivinesparkoffaithandof nationalspirithasneverdied,and nowinthemidstofaworld'sagony itblazesforthasithasnotappearedforcenturies.

"ThegreatAmericannation,thearbiterto-dayoftheworld'sdestiny,has definedthetermsoflastingpeaceSictnegraCiAndtherightfulindependenceofthesmallnations.TheCelticbloodthatcoursesthroughthe tribesofearthwill,inthegathering forpeace,assertIreland'sclaimfor self-rule,Ireland'sclaimtolibertyand tofreedom.InvisionweseeErin risingingloryfromtheoceanwave; weseetheIsleofSaintsandofScholars,whiletheearthinjubileeproclaims'Irelandanationonceagain.'" IrishIreland,andtheIrishinAustralia,as,indeed,.theIrishinevery lancl,looktothegreatRepublicofthe Westinthe=edayswhenAmerican chivalryisbeenincensedbythenations,asanhonestarbiterandclaim justicefromherhands.

lance-CorporalA.Pownall,M.M.

ThelastEnglishmailbroughttst Mr.Geo.Pownall,ofBendigo thegratifyingnewsthathisson,LanceCorporalArthurR.Pownall,hadwon atthefightatPeronne,theMilitary Medal,andafterwardsatBullecour wasawardedabartohisdistinction.

Lance-CorporalPownallwasattachedtothe15thFieldAmbulance. A.M.C.,andhasbeenonactiveservice abroadforcloseonfouryears.Heis wellknownandhighlyrespectedlocally,andhad,priortoenlisting.gained muchrenowninathleticcircles.His friendswillbegratifiedtolearnofthe distinctionsthathehasgainedabroad.

bythesimplemethodofholdingup twofingersandcackling!" ArthurPownallwasamemberofSt. Brigid'sConferenceofthe

..1

!±1,1X t toedemandsof democracyandhumanityinfavourof

WritingtohisfatherfromtheBath WarHospitalonNovember11th, Lance-CorporalPownallsaid:-"The warnewsisgreat,anditlooksvery muchlikethefinish,butpeopleare keepingtheirheads,andtakingitvery quietlyintheseparts.Thereisno censorshiponletters,soIwillgiveyou anideaofmymovementsduringthe summer.WhenFritzattackedinthe springwewereatMessines,notfar fromKemmelHill,andatoncewere movedtotheSommeandenteredthe iineatVillersBretonneux,aheadof Amiens,andtookpartinstopping Fritz'sadvanceuponthatcity.Later Ivisitedtheplace,andalthoughthere wasmuchshelldestructioninthecity, thecathedralhadbeenhitbyonly oneshell,andthatdidbutlittledamagetothebeautifulstructure.We wererunningdressingstationsfor sometime,andthenon8thAugustwe wentinforthecommencementofthe bigadvancewhichturnedtrenchwarfareintotheopenvariety,andgreatly improvedthesituation.Aboutthe endofAugust,afterashortrest,we wentinforthetakingofPeronne, wheretheBochehadalovelyposition onsomehillscommandingthetown andriver,whichwehadtocross.He madetheplaceaninfernowithdirect artilleryandmachinegunfire.From arise1viewedthespotwherewewere tocrosstheriver,andIwouldhave soldoutfor2d.Straightinfrontthe bridgewasblowncompletelyup,and asmallfootbridgehastilyconstructed bytheEngineerstookitsplace.To theleftapr.toonbridgewasburning fiercelyanduponthebankonour sideFritzwasplacingawallofburstingshells.Laterthingsquietened, andwe someworkdone,butfor awhile"getskittledatanyminute" wastheorderofevents.Afterthe takingofthecitytheadvancewasso rapidthatwithinawaektherewasa casualtyclearingstation(withnurses) closet4:thesiteofourcrossing.After anotherspellwewentthroughthe HindenburglinewiththeAmericans. Thiswasastrongline-amassofdeep trenchesanddugouts,andconcrete sheltersprotectedbylinesandlinesof wire(onepatch100yardswide).The Yanksfoughtwell,andwillmakegood soldiers,butitiswhenweseeourboys besidefreshtroopsthatwerealise whatexperiencedandseasonedtroops theyare.Afterthistheunitcameout forthelong-promisedrest,andwent toa,p,.tciosetoAbbevilie-thefirst tineAlt tangeofbiggunssince Fel,rtiar- Fins'IlookhackonInv r.:r.cand boy,wahc.e.-ingintosecludedfarmsfor eggs,andmakingknowntheirwants

TheCountessMarkievici HERSTORY.

ThoughtsonthePresentDiscontents

Theattitudemanypeopleadoptto industrialunrestisliketheattitudeof achildtoawetdayduringtheholidays.Thechildfeelsthatithasno righttobewet.Itmaynotstamp itsfootattheweatherormakefaces outofthewindowattheelements, butthatismoreorlesshowitfeels.

Theturbulenceofthesea,theruinand riotontheshore,mayonawildday makearomanticchildhappyeven gazingoutofawindow.Buttheordinarychildsimplyfeelsbaulked,and thatsomethingorotherhasunwarrantablyinterferedwithitsliberty.It hadbeenlookingforwardtoapicnic ortodiggingonthesands,ortogoing awalkwithafriend.Andnowa stormofrainhasmadeitaprisoner, shutupitswillinacage,andstarved itofitsprospectivepleasures.No wonderthatthechildisfilledwith disgustandimpotentrage.Itharboursasenseofpersonalgrievanceas ifitwerethevictimofaconspiracy. That,itseemstous,isthespiritin which;)igofusregardanythreatof dirty erintheindustrialworld.

Ourfirstthought-oroneofourfirst 'thoughts-istoconsiderhowitwill affectourselves.Itisonlyinwartimethatastrikeamongtheworkers makesmenindignant.Everystrike, justifiedorunjustified-andfewof themhavebeenunjustified-hasbeen metwiththesamechorusoffurious denunciation.Wecanrememberonly ionerecentstrikeinwhichthemasters. insteadofthemen,weretheobjects ofthefuryofthemajorityofleaderwriters.ThiswastheDublinstrike associatedwiththenameofMr.Larkin,andwedonotthinkwearecynicalinsuggestingthattheattitudeof theLondonPressmayhavebeenpartlyduetothefactthattheDublin strikeinterferedwiththeordinary comfortandconvenienceofrespectablepeople,thePressdidnotfinditso easytobeimpartial.Infact,one gatheredthatintheopinionofIrish editorsneverhadastrikebeenmore completelywithoutjustification,or moredangeroustothefoundationsof society.Theloveofconvenienceissoitseemsatsuchtimes-amoreinfluentialpassionthantheloveofjuslice.Togoshortofcoal,tohave one'sparcelsheldup.tohavetowalk insteadofridingona'bustoone's office-thesearedeprivationstnat comehometousmoresharplytnan anyabstractprinciple.Wetellourselvesofalmosteverystrikethatwe shouldhavehadsympathywiththe strikersatanyothertime,inalmost anyothercircumstances-wemight add,tobehonest,inanyotherplace. Ouridealstrikeisastrikethatwould notcauseusapennyworthofdiscomfort. Thisisanextremestatementofthe old-fashionedattitudeofthebourgeoisietostrikes.Attheopposite pulefromthebourgeoiiewefinda groupofpeople who notonlydonot denouncestrikesasevilandblackguardlyinterferenceswiththelifeof thenation,butregardthemwitha sortofecstaticblissasheraldsofthe 'GoldenAge.Thesepeoplehavea naturaltasteforstormandwhilrwind. Alltheyaskforisweatherfoul enough to bl,,wdownthewalls of our ancientcivilisation.Everytimethey seetheslatesflyingorachimney tumblingthrougharooftheyrejoice. Iftheyseeawindowbrokentheysay: "Ah.thatwillletsomeairin!"They hadrather,onefeels,lettheairin throughabrokenwindowthanthrough anopenone.Theyhaveanideathat, ifonlythestormgoesonblowing longenoughendviolentlyenough,it willpurifys&ietvofallitsrottenness, andthat.as if bymagic,palace,slum, andpawnshopwillbe'transformed intotrueParadiseAlleysbytheholy spiritofman.Onemaypointtoall thestormsinthepastasfailuresfront thispointofview.Thestormswere onlyfailures.theyreply,becausethey cametoanendtoosoonorweremoderalkdbyselfishmen.Haclthisor theextremisthadhiswayinthe FrenchRevolution.theydeclare,instead of theburgessDantonorthe burgessRobespierre.theNewJerusalemwouldhavebeeninfalliblybuiltin nineteenth-centuryEurope.

ideal.Heseesthatallthosewho havemadeaphilosophyeitherofcontentorofdiscomfortaredeceiving themselves.Contentisnotnecessarilyakingdom;itmaybemerelya formofstupidity.Unrestisnotnecessarilydivine;itmaybeduetobad temper,greed,lunacy,orapaininthe stomach.Hencesiteaveragemanis notinclinedtogivehisvoiceeither againstorforallstrikesandrevolutionswithoutfurtherinquiry.He seesthatastrikeorarevolutionmay aseasilybedivertedfromnobleends asanyotherformofhumanendeavour.Itmaybecomeanexpressionof thewilltopowerinsteadoftheWillto justice;and,whenoncethishappens, itismerelyasquabbleandamess overtihichitisasdifficulttobecome enthusiasticasoveratribalwar.So muchonemayadmit,andonemay agreenonethelesswithRupert Brooke,who,quotingacharacterin "Clayhanger,"declaredthatinstrikes themenarealwaysright.Inasense theyareso.Theymaybewrongin strikingonaparticularoccasion,but itisalwayswrongedmenwhostrike. Theimmediatecauseofastrikemay befarcical,foolish,andevenimmoral. Inthecourseofitthemenmaydisregardtheirpastundertakings,turn againsttheirleaders,andthrowthe machineryofcivilisedlifeoutofgear ratherthanwaitanotherweekforan answertosomedemandorotherthat hasalreadyremainedunansweredfor ageneration.Theymaystrikeona pretextsoapparentlyunreasonableas therightofadrunkenmantodrivea motor-'bus(though,inpointoffact, nostrikehaseverrisenfromexactly thiscause).Buttherealcauseofindustrialunrestoftenliesagooddeal deeperthantheapparentcauses.The breakageofagreements,thethrowing overboardofleaders,thetrivialpretext-thesearebutthesurfacephenomenaofstrikes.Theindustrialunrest ofourtimeisaprotestnotagainst thisorthatactofinjustice,butagainstinjusticeitself.Itisthesymptom ofadesireforabettersocialorder.It isthegrowing-painsofaworldemergingintoanewfaithinequality.

Ifthereisonethingmorethan anotherthathascausedindustrialunrestduringthewar,itisresentment againstthosesocialinequalitieswhich stareusinthefacewhenwecompare theprofiteer.therailway-porter,and thesoldierinthetrenches.Whatthe profiteerwouldliketodoistoleave himselfoutofthecomparisonandto persuadeustodevoteallourattention tothecontrastbetweenthemanin theworkshopandthemaninthe trenches.Butifthemaninthe trenchesisgoingtocomparehislot withthatofthemanwhostaysat home,wefancyhewillfindamore startlingcontrasttohimselfinthe manwhohasmadeafortunethanin themenwhohaveonlymadealiving. nanycase,ifheuseshisintelligence, hewillnotwastehimselfinuseless jealousyofthisorthatclass,butwill sethimselftodiscoveraremedyfor theunequalconditionsofsociety.

Thereisasenseinwhichitwould betruetosaythatthepresentwaris awarbetweentheprincipleofequalityandtheprincipleofdomination. Internationalpeacecannotexist,as mustpeoplearecomingtosee.while theambitiontodominateisregarded asalegitimatenationalambition.So longasitissoregarded,warslikethe Presentareinevitable.Germany broughtonthepresentwarsimplyby restoringtolifeanancientprinciple thatwasfallingintodisrepute,but hadneverbeenfinallydisavowedby thecivilisedworld,andbyglorifying itasthewholedutyofmanasitwas inthedaysofAlexanderandofJulius Caesar.TheLeagueofNationswill beapublicdisavowalonthepartof thecivilisedworldofthat-pestilent doctrine.Itwillbethebeginningof thereignofequalityamongnations.

thefuture,aLeagueofPeaceamong citizensisnolesspressinganeedthan aLeagueofPeaceamongnations.In eithercasetheworldwillstruggletowardsaneworderofequalityand justice-callitwhatyouwill-and,if itdoesnotstruggletowardsitpeaceably,itwilldosothroughbloody strife.Henceitiswellthatweshould adoptthepoliticsofequalityquickly. Letbutthewilltoequalityenterinto andtransformourpolitics,andagreat dealofthatindustrialandrevolutionaryunrestwhichismerelythehalfarticulateprotestofthwartedhuman beingswillbetransmittedintoconstructiveeffort.Toopposeequality atthisperiodoftheworld'shistoryis nottoopposerevolution,buttofomentit.Thewarhasestablished "equalityofsacrifice"asapopular phrase.Thepeacewillfindmendemandingthattheirchildrenshallbe madeequalpartnersinotherthings besidessacrifices.

ThePartingRosary

(ByJohnO'Brien.)

Anyway,beforehewentwesaidthe Rosarytogether-himandme.-A LittleIrishMother.

Theyhavebroughtthenews,Alannah, thatI'vewaitedforsolong; Faith,'twaslittlenewstheybrought me:everystory,everysong, ThatI'veheardsinceyouenlisted seemedtohavebutonerefrain, Tillthewholeworldusedtotellme thatyou'dnotcomehomeagain; They'vebeencrueltimes,medarlin', sinceyouleftusforthefight; Pott'rin',dazed-like,throughthedaytime:thinkin',thinkin'through thanight.

Yerra.what'stheusecomplainin' whentheworldisallamiss, Whenthehopin'andthestrivin'ever cometodustlikethis. 'Twasthegreenmonthswhenyouleft us;nowthebrown,baremonths arehere; Yellowgrassesinthepaddocks,yellow hillsidesstandin'clear; There'llbeflowersagainitsplenty,and acarpeto'ertheplain, Butit'shardyouwon'tbecomin' whenthegreenmonthscomeagain.

StillI'mthankful-yes,I'mthankfulforonegoldenmemory, 'Tisthelasttimespenttogetherwas tosaytheRosary: Don'tyouminditboy,wesaiditin myownroomtherebeyond. WhereIhavethelittlealtarwhere yourearlyprayerswereconned.

liethestatuethatIcherishofthe BlessedMotherfair.

Withthebluecloakroundhershoulders,andherwhitehandscrossed inprayer.

Theyweresingin'intheparlor-them thatcametosaygood-bye-

Andtheysangtheirgaysongstome; och,Iknewthereasonwhy

Theywerealwayskindintroublein thisbig,warm-heartedland; Ah,buttheirwayisn'tmyway,and theymightn'tunderstand; So1litthelittlecandles,andIbeckonedyouaway, Andyoucame---GodblessyouforIt, boy--thepartin'prayertosay.

\'es!wesaiditwiththemusicdrummin'ragtimesongswithout.1netourtwoselvestheretogether,answerin'theotherturnabout.

Ave,thepartin'Ros'ry,darlin';Ican seeyoukneelin'there, Withyourbig,broadshouldersbendin' andyourhandsjoinedonthe chair,

AndYourman'svoicelikeanorgan rollin'outitssoulapartOch,to-night,boy,inmedreamin',it isdronin'inmeheart.

'Tisaquare,quareworld,mebouchal, whenthestormcanworkitsstress

Onthestronglimbwhilethewithered leafisleftinloneliness;

IwastaughtiJbymemother;aye, andwhenwecrossedthesea, Fortoseekthegoldweneverfoundtheoldmanthereandme(Sure,hestoodsixfeetandhigher, then,andcoal-blackwashisIran.; Och,you'dneverknow'twashimatall -thatbentoldmaninthere).

Wehavesaiditinthenewhome, strongandclear,infloodand drought, Takin'turnandturntogether,"answerin'up"and"givinout;"

Wehavesaiditbethecradle;wehave saiditbethecot-

Whenthebabestheangelsbroughtus madeushappyinourlot;

Whenthehousewasfullofchilder,and thejoyoflifecomplete; Och,wesaidittilltheneighboursused tohearusinthestreet.

Butye'vegoneandleftmelonely!

Onebyone,medoves,yeflewOnebeonethecircle'sdwindledtill theRos'ry'ssaidbetwoSaidbetwooldhuskyvoices,slow,and weak,andwearin'out, Risin', likethenightbreezeansw'rin't'otherturnabout.

Sure,itcan'tbelong,Alannah,tillthe troubledseaiscalm; Tillthebeadsdropfrommefingers, andtheywindthemroundmearm. Youusedtoteasemewiththe"trimmin's"intheolddaysthatare dead;

There'sanothertrimmin'now,boy, everytimetheRos'ry'ssaid. Buttherewon'tbemanyRos'ries,for thesingin'inmeears, AndtheHolyMotherbeckonin'-Ican seeherthroughmetears; Theseoldfeethavedonetheirjourney -betterleavethemrestin'thenTheywillbringmetothehillsideere thegreenmonthscomeagain; Thenthey'llenterwiththeblessed, wherethesoulisfreefromharmAndyou'llknow'tisme,Alannah,be theRos'ryonmearm.

IrishNationalForesters ANNUALPICNIC.

TheannualpicnicofthemetropolitanbranchesoftheIrishNational ForesterswasheldatPointWalteron Sundaylast.Theweatherwasideal forsuchanouting,andaverylarge numberofForestersandtheirfriends availedthemselvesoftheopportunity ofspendingaverypleasantdayat thesplendidpicnicgroundsonthe banksoftheSwanRiver.Theboats whichleftPerthandFremantleinthe morning'andafternoonwerecrowded withpassengers,andextraboatshad toberequisitioned.Thechildren wereespeciallycateredfor,being suppliedwithcake,fruitandcordials withoutcharge,whiletheadultswere alsosuppliedwithrefreshments.Duringthedayasportsprogrammewas carriedout,forwhichgoodprizeswere awardedthesuccessfulwinners.Mr. T.Smithactedashandicapper,and gaveentiresatisfaction.Thejoint secretaries(Bros.W.Keatingand Davidson)andthecommitteeareto becongratulatedontheexcellentman. tierinwhichtheycarriedouttheir variousduties,whichresultedinthe outingbeenoneofthemostsuccessful gatheringsyetheldbytheIrishNationalForesters.Thesportsresulted asfollows:-

BoysRace(under10):G.Maloney 1:Wheeler2.H.Cain3.

Girls'Race(under10):M.James1, M.Riley2,M.O'Malley3.

BoysRace(under121:J.Donoghue 1,Jones2.Ryan3.

Girls'Race(under12):MissMiller1, MissCassidy2.MissCaldow3.

Boys'Race(under14):W.Ryan1, Sullivan2.K.Collett3.

Girls'Race(under141:K.Cassidy1, Hannaford2,Wormington3.

Boys'Race(I.N.F.membersonly): G.Maloney1.K.Collett2,Hannigan3.

Thuswemaydividemenroughly into'thosewhoarefurindustrialpeace atanypriceandthosewhoareforre, volutionatanyprice.Themottoof theformeris"Anythingfot'aquiet life";ofthelatter."Anythingfora change."Passion.ratherthanprinciple,governsbothparties.Itistheir habitnottomeasureasituation,but todamntheotherside.Theone partywouldbecalmusforeverinthe doldrumsofarichman'sworld:the otherwouldsweepusrecklesslyalong Ataneternalhurricaneofrevolution. Theaverageman,wefancy,isgrowingmoreandmorecriticalofbothof theseattitudes.Iledesirespeace,but notthepeaceofthedoldrums;hedesireschange,butasameans,notasan

HadGermanyandeveryothernation inEuropeacceptedtheidea of equality,therewouldhavebeennowar. Germany,tobesure,claimsthatshe onlywenttowartoassertherequal rightsascomparedwiththealready existingempires.Thebestthatcan hesaidforheristhatshedemanded anequalrighttodowrong.Herambitionwasnotequality,butdominion: notjustice,butpower.Shedesiredto setupasaprofiteeramongthenations,abovethelaw.abovecensure, entrenchedintheethicsofpossession. Ithastakenalongandbloodywarto convincethecivilisedworldthatthis sortofthingwillneverdo,and,now thatallthebloodhasbeenspilt,we haveaprospectofestablishingaLeagueofPeacesuchasmighthavebeen -stablished.hadtheworldbeenreasonable,withoutsomuchasabayonet-thrustorabullet-wound.Ifsuch betheconsequencesofunreason,it surelybehovesmen to bereasonable fortheirverycomfort'ssake.And,es wearetoavertappallingtragediesin

"Layyourtreasuresupinheaven," forthere'snothing,herebelowOch.weIrishmotherslearntitinthe oldlandlungago:Shortlife'sspring-timewiththeblossom,anditcomesnotbackagain. Onlyhaggardtreesinwinter,stretchin'nakedarmsinpain.

Iamthankin'God,Alannah,though theachin'sinmebreast, 'TwasIletookyoufromme,darlin,' andHeknowethwhatisbest; AndHisHolyMother,Mary,withher BabyonherkneeSure,shelostHiminHismanhood, forHediedatthirty-three. There'sanumbnessroundmeheart, boy:likeahard,coldhandit grips; Oh,l'mthankfulthatirepartedwith theRos'ryonyourlips; Ithasbeenmecomfortever:ithas beenmehopeandstay; Beenmehymnofsweetthanksgivin' forwhatgoodtheircamemeway; Ithasbeenmeonlyrefugewhenthe heartwassickandsoreWhenthebaddayspastthecountin' flungtheirtroublesroundme door,

Girls'Race(I.N.F.membersonly): E.Maloney1,M.Riley2,K.Miller3. MarriedLadies'.Race:Mrs.M. Ilealy1,Mrs.Elliott2.

Members'Race(under40):J. McLinden1.E.P.Fahey2.

Members'Race(over40):J.Quigley1..1.Maloney2. Aprotestwaslodgedagainstthe winnerinthisrace.asitwasalleged hewasnoteligibleonaccountofbeingunderage.Theprotestwillbe consideredbythecommitteeattheir nextmeeting,

OldBuffers'Race:J.Maloney1,T. Guidera2. SingleLadies'Race:MissCurran1, MissDobAn2.

WhenYouWantaComfortableCar Ringup TOMIBONOLA Tel.1910,RailwayMotorRank.

CriterionHotel,Perth,RegHarrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly. That'sall.

People,PlacesandThings

THEBEQUEST.

Mycountry,Erin,tarfromthee-

Anoutcastfnrthysake-

Ibearthycrossdefiantly, Withsoreheart,fittobreak.

I'vepaidthepriceofburninglove

Inquenchedambition'sflame, Andlittleclaimofsordidstore

Togildatrueman'sname.

Thesocialknave,thesoddenedslave Maycreeptowealthandpower,

Butvengeancetracksthefaithful hand, Thattendsthycypressbower: Thetalentsrare,thehighresolve, Thegeniustocommand.

Arespurn'dandbann'd.andhateis fann'd Whenusedforthee,dearland.

ButrealfameisTruthandLove, Andconsciousfealty, Andsacrificeforhumanrights

Andracialliberty;

Soletmelovetheestillthemore

Whilstyetonethrobremains Unspentonthee-onesacrifice

Torendthyrustychains.

Afewshortyears.ormonthsordays, AndIshallbenomore; NorcareIforrewarddenied The"rebel"nameIbore.

AndthoughIfainwouldlov'dones leave Unmeasuredwealthandfame, IleavebutwhatwasalltomeApricelesspatriot'sname.

Whilevalourthrillsthehumanheart

AndloveofTruthprevails, Whileself-reliancemarkstheman Andconstancyavails; WhileLibertyconjuresthebrave

Andwrongsareunredressed, Thepatriot'snamewillshineabove

Thefalse-famedandcaressed.

Letmybequest,then,Erin,be ThechangelessloveIbear, Theans'ringcryofralliedsons Arousedfromfelldespair;

Andtomydearonesyourlov'dname, Yourcause,yourcross,renownAlifelivedforandgiventothee, Thattheymayshareyourcrown.

-M.C.O'Halloran,intheSydney "Freeman'sJournal."

TheCzechpriestsofallthedioceses ofBohemiametatPragueafewweeks backandadoptedthefollowingdeclaration:"Consciousofhavingcome frontthepeopleandremainingunited tothembyindissolubletiesofblood, oflanguageandcommontraditions,we shallbewiththeminthewarfareand sufferingwhichtheyendure,untilthe dofvictoryFaithfultothevener.nbletraditionsoftheSlavapostles, SsCyrilandMethodius,wedeclare tha-themanifestoofourwritersand deputiesandthenationaloathare theexactexpressionofthesentiments oftheCatholicclergyandthemost profoundconvictionofoursouls.The creationofanindependentCzecho. SlovakStatewillrespond,weconsider, tothedemandsofourpoliticalhistory. ItisthewillofGod.Aperfectententeistheindispensableconditionof therealisationofourdesires.Wedeclare.inconsequence.thatonlythe Czechunionisqualifiedtonegotiatein the.nameofthenation;andwedisavowallseperatenegotiationsonthe subjectofthedestiniesofourcountry"

displayedanyintelligentgraspofCatholicsocialprinciples. Itmight reasonablybeexpectedofCatholic Congressmentodefendthefreedomof worship,evenifothersfail,butevidentlytheyaretooengrossedinfurtheringtheirpoliticalambitionsto payanyattentiontosuchausurpationofthevestedrightsofthepeople."

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Mr.JulianGordonTenisonWoods wasadmittedtotheBar,Adelaide,on themotionofMr.C.A.Edmunds. TheFullCourtwaspresidedoverby theChiefJusticeandMr.Justice Buchanan.Mr.Edmundsmentioned thattheapplicationhadbeenadjournedbecauseatthattimeMr.Woods wasnot21yearsofage.Hisservices hadbeenatthedisposaloftheCommonwealthauthoritiesforwarpurposesfortwoyears,buthehadnot beencalledtogotothefront.The ChiefJusticecongratulatedMr.Woods, whotooktheoathandsignedtheroll ofpractitioners.HeisasonofMr. C.G.W.Woods,ofEastAdelaide,and grand-nephewofRev.JulianTenison Woods,sowellknownintheearlyhistoryoftheChurchinS.A.Hewas educatedattheChristianBrothers' College,Adelaide,andtookhisBachelorofLawsdegreeattheAdelaide University.

* *

o

ThesilverjubileeofhisGracethe MostRev.Dr.O'Shea(CoadjutorArchbishopofWellington)wasobservedqueitlyonMonday,December 2.Owingtotheepidemic,thepubliccelebrationswerepostponeduntil amoreopportunetime.HisGrace wastherecipientofnumerouscongratulatorymessages,includingone fromhisExcellencytheApostolicDelegate(theMostRev.MonsignorCattaneoandfrommanyfriendsinAustralia.HisGracewasalsotherecipientofaspecialmessagefromhisHoh. nessthePope,congratulatinghimand bestowinguponhimtheApostolic Blessing.

* *

CaptainLukeTeeling,RoyalField Artillery,whowaskilledinactionon NovemberSwhileeommandinghis battery,wasthesonofCaptainBartle Teeling,KnightCommanderofPius IX.andPrivateChamberlaintothe Pope.In1914CaptainLukewasappointedanofficeroftheNobleGuard ofHisHoliness,andhadthedistincofbeingthefirstBritishsubject andthefirst"foreigner"soappointed, andtheonlyofficerintheBritish Armytoholdthatrank.Hejoined theArmyin1915.Hewastwentyeightyearsofage.-R.I.P.

* *

publicfeelingandscandaladecreeof deprivationwouldcause.Nevertheless, sectariananimosityconqueredinhim, andaMinisterialdecreedeprivedTor. IoniaoftheofficeofSindaco.Thatis whatamanifestationofesteemforthe SupremePontiffmeantwiththemakersofunitedItaly.Itwasahigh crimeforanypublicmantopaythe homageofaCatholicandagentleman totheHeadoftheChurch.

The'Hon.R.D.Meagherwasamongsttheprincipalspeakersatthe AnnualCommunionBreakfastofthe H.A.C.B.SocietyheldintheTown Hall,Sydney,lastmonth,and deliveredaneloquentspeechin responsetothetoastof"Irelanda Nation."Referringtothebright hope§oftheIrishraceforasettlementoftheIrishquestioninthose dayswhenDavitt'sLeaguewasapowerinIreland,thespeakersaid:"Idid dreamthatIwouldseethedaywhen Irelandwouldhavethefulle.itformof self-government;butoneevilgenius. Carson,hoveredoverpubliclife,and asaresultIrelandhasbeendespoiled ofherbirthright..."Nomatter,"he continued,"whatwasdecidedatthe PeaceConferencetheIrishwouldnot restuntiljusticewasdonetoIreland. TheIrishquestionwouldbeaformidableoneuntilitwassettled.The Irishwouldrememberthewrongsof thepastuntiltheprinciplesofjustice hadbeengiventothem.

TheApostolicDelegateistoblessa newmarblealtar.whichcost£2,000,at Armidale,N.S.Wnextmonth.He willalsolaythefoundationstoneofa neworphanageonthesameday.

*

TheRightRev.Dr.C.Nicholas. S.M.,wasconsecratedCoadjutor-BishopofFiji,atVillaMaria,Hunter's Hill,onthe2nd.inst.HisExcellency theApostolicDelegatewastheccnsecratingprelate.

*

*

St.Patrick'sDayCelebrationswillbe heldinSydneythisyearonSaturday, March15. Thereligiouscelebrations onSunday,andtheNationalConcer onMondayevening.

ofthereasonsofhispresence-there wastopubliclypaytributeto'the benefitswhichhadbeengiventohim throughtheprayersoftheSisters. I * *

Attheannualdistributionofprizes tothesuccessfulstudentsinSt.Jarlath'sCollege,Tuam,theArchbishop remindedthemthatnostudentshould neglecttheopportunityhegotinthe collegeofbecomingacquaintedwith hisownIrishlanguage.Asaninstrumentofeducationitwasnotinferior toanyotherlanguage.Itenshrined, asnothingelsedid,thegeniusand traditionsofourancestors.Toloseit wouldbeaconfessionofinferiority; toretainitwouldbebothabadgeand safeguardofnationality.Asthere weremanypartsofthediocesein whichIrishwasstillspoken,andwas, infact,thevernacularofthepeople, hewasmakingarulethatnoTuam priestswouldgetfacultiesforHoly Ordersuntiltheyshowedbyexamina. tionthattheyhadspeakingknowledgeoftheIrishlanguage.Atthe requestoftheBishops,attheirrecent meeting,theMaynoothauthoritieshad agreedtomakedueprovisioorthat examination,andtheycot..totlater oncomplainthattheydidnor...tdue noticeofthatrule.Hewouldmen-, tiononeothermatterworthyofspecialnotice.Itwasimpossibletohave missionsinthedioceseforallwho, nativesofthediocese,passedfromthe collegetoMaynoothandotherecclesiasticalcolleges,andwishedtobecome priests.Buttherewasnolackof missionsinothercountries,andhe hoped,therefore,thatmanyofthem. wouldlateronhavezealandcourage enoughtodowhatColumbanusand Gall.andmanyothersdidinthetime ofJarlath,namely,toseekworkin theuntilledfieldsofAmerica,Australia.oritmaybeAfricaorChina.

* *

Thefollowingbitofplaintalkcomes from-TheEcho,"aCatholicpaper printedatBuffalo.U.S.A."Whenever anewCongressiselected.sometirelessstatisticianisquicktotellushow manyCatholicshavebeenelectedto 'thegreatestlegislativebodyinthe world.Theinformationisalwaysinteresting,butuseless,forseldomhave CatholicCongressmenrenderedanydistinguishedserviceinsafeguardingthe legitimateinterestsoftheChurch.or

In1887preparationswerebeing madeforthecelebrationoftheSacerdotaljubileeofLeoXIII..whichoccurredonJanuary1,1888.Onthis latterdateDonLeopoldvisitedthe CardinalVicartoexpresshisowncongratulationsandthoseofhisfellowcitizens.TheItalianGovernmentofthe timehadforPremiertheoldfriendand associateofGaribaldiFrancescoCrispi, afterwhomoneofthestreetsofRome hasinrecentyearsbeennamed.The steptakenbySindacoTorloniadid notpleasethePremier.andhedeterminedonhavinghimoutofthe office.Torloniahaddonenothing morethanshowhimselfaRomanand agentleman,butthat,intheeyesof theSicilianex-revolutionarywassufficienttojustifyhisbeingdeprivedof theofficeheheld.Theorganswhich voicedCrispi'ssentimentsattackedthe Sindaco.andhehimselfwasrequested toresign.Herefused,however,and declaredthatifhehadtowithdrawit shouldbeonlyunderpubliccensure andwithapublicdecreeofremoval. Thisdeclaration,asthe"Osservatore" of'thetimeexpressedit,irritatedthe nervesofCrispi,whowasanxiousfor avoluntaryresignationtoavoidthe

OpeningtheCarmeliteFeteatDulwichHill,recently,theLordMayorof Sydney(Ald.J.English),whowas tenderedanenthusiasticreception. spokeofthepleasureitgavehimto bepresent.Itwasnotcustomary,he said,fortheLordMayortopresideat afunctioninadistrictwherethelocal Mayorwasavailable.Marrickville, however,wassufferingfromanaffliction.inasmuchasithadaMayorwho couldonlyseeonecolour(laughter), andhispresencetherewouldnodoubt beuncomfortabletohimself."I thought,therefore,"continuedthe LordMayor,"thatasaCatholicitwas mydutytobepresent,particularlyas IknowthedistrictperhapSbetterthan anymanpresent.FiftyyearsagoI usedtowalkfromKogarahtothelittle churchonCook'sRivertoattend Mass.Inthosedayswedidnothave anymotor-cars,butmanyhadspringcartstoconveythemtothechurch. Thatthreeandahalfmiles'walkdos notpreventthesturdyCatholicsofSt. GeorgedistrictfromhearingMass.In addition,thepresentgenerationhadto thanktheforesightandself-sacrificeof thoseoldCatholicsforthemanymagnificentsiteswhichwerenowadorned withChurchpropertiesto-day.Referringtotheheavyburdenofdebt whichtheSistersewereendeavouring toliquidate,hesuggestedthatthefete wouldbeextendedforanotherday,in ordertogivemoreopportunityforthe generouspeopletoassistinthegood work.Concerninghimself,Alderman Englishsaidthathehadexperienced asevereillnessofsixmonths,and hadbeengivenupbythedoctors.The prayersofthedevotedCarmeliteshad, however.helpedhisrecovery,andone

SaysSydneyBrooks,theEnglish publicist:"Ibringbackfromatour throughIrelandnostrongerimpressionthanthis-thatIrelandisbecom. ingIrish.Amovementisonfoot, broader,grander,andmorerevolutionarythananyevenshehasever known.Itisamovementofnational resurrection,ofnationalself-realisation, andself-dependence.InHungary, Bohemia,Finland,andPolandwehave applaudedandsympathisedwithsimilarmovementsinthepast. In Ireland...wemayatleasttrytounderstand.SinnFeinisthemostcoinpactandtheboldestexpressionin termsofpoliticsofalltheforcesand influencesthatarehelpingontheregenerationofIreland.ItisthepoliticalspearheadofIreland."

*

ThefollowingpetitionhasbeensignedandsentbytheBishopandthe majorityofthepriestsoftheDiocese ofSyracuse,U.S.A.,tothePresidentof America:"That,whereas,thepeopleof theUnitedStates,inaccordancewith theconstitutionallawsofthesaid UnitedStates,enteredandbroughtto asuccessfulissuethegreatworldwar forfreedom,therebyopeningthedoor totheaccomplishmentofeverything forwhichAmericafought;And,whereas,ourPresident,hisExcellencythe HonourableWoodrowWilson,Commander-in-Chiefoftheforcesofthese UnitedStates,hasdeclaredthatour objectswerenotterritorialaggrandisement,themaintenanceofsecretdiplomacy,ortheoldstruggleforthe maintenanceofthebalanceofpower, so-called,but'therightofself-determinationofallnations,smalland great,andthesettlementofevery question,whetherofterritorysovereignty,ofeconomicarrangementorof politicalrelationship,onthebasisof freeacceptanceofthatNittlementby thepeopleimmediatelycor.cerned,and notonthebasisofthematerialadvantageofanyothernationorpeople whichmaydesireadifferentsettle-

mentforthesakeofexteriorinfluence ormastery.'Thatthemilitarypoweratanynationorgroupofnations maynotbesufferedtodeterminethe fortunesofpeoplesoverwhomthey havenorighttoruleexcepttheright offorce.Thatstrongnationsmay notbefreetowrongweaknations,and makethemsubjecttotheirpurpose andinterest.And,whereas,theIrish nationistheoldestnationinEurope, thelongest,thekeenest,andthemost apparentsuffererfromsuchexterior influenceandmastery,andtheclosest connectedwiththeseUnitedStates. Therefore,wehefebelowsigned,as Americancitizens,fullyconvincedof therightofIreland'sdemandforselfdetermination,inaccordancewithour constitutionalrightspetitionhisExcellencythePresident,tousethe uniquepositionoftheUnitedStates atthisconjecturetotheendthat: TheclaimsofIrelandtobeafreeand independentnationinthefellowshipof nationsshallbeacknowledgedbythe UnitedStates.Andthattheplaceof IrelandatthePeaceCouncilmaybe assuredbytheinfluenceoftheUnited States- -410uchmeasurethatIreland mays. .inequalconditionwithBelgium,oland,Serbia,Bohemia,Huntgary.theCzecho-Slovaks,andother wrongednationsoftheworld."

TheUnitedIrishleague

ITotheEditor./

Sir,-inyourlastissueInoticethat theWestAustralianbranchofthe U.I.L.hasatlastseenthelight,and hasdecidedtodissolve.Thebranch istobecongratulatedinbeingahead oftheMelbourneone,whichstillhopes thatIrelandwilleventuallycome roundtoitswayofthinking.While noothercoursebutdissolutionwas opentoanorganisationwhichisnow obsolete,strongexceptionmustbe takentothedecisionoftheexecutive toforminitssteadabranchof anotherbody,whoseaimsandobjects areidenticalwiththoseoftheYoung IrelandSociety.TheIrishNational Associationisaveryexcellentbody, andinalarge-citylikeMelbourne theremayberoomfortwosocieties whoseobjectsareakin,butinasmall placelikePerththeestablishmentof thesecondsocietywillnotbeinthe :nterestsofthatunionwhichisso necessary thepresenttime.

THEW.A.RECORD.

FiftyGoldenYears

AnAppreciation,byM.A.S.,inthe "AustralLight."

Inafewweeks'timetheIrishChristianBrotherswillbecelebratingthe GoldenJubileeoftheiradventtoAustralia,andIcouldnothelpthinking yesterday,asIkneltawhilebythe humblegraveinabushcemetery, wherethesoilofsunnyQueensland mingleswiththedustofagreatChristianBrotherthatthelifeofhimwho sleptbeneathisthehistoryofthose fiftygoldenyears. Itwasasilenthour,andasilent place-thelittlecornerofNudgee Cemetery,wherethefounderofthe ChristianBrothersinAustralialies sleeping,andI,too,wassilentforthe nameonthesimpletombstonewasredolentofmanymemories.Ithad beenmyprivilegewhileyoungandimpressionabletomeetmanyofthe great-heartedAustralianpioneersof thenowworld-famedOrderofIgnatiusRice,menlikeBrothersTreacy, Lynch,HughesandMilian,wholaid thefoundationsofChristianeducation. inthisnewlandoftheSouthbroadly. firmly,andsuccessfully,becausein theirheartsthereburnedtheancient spiritoftheGael.Him,especially, bywhosegraveIwaskneeli,pg,Iconsideritoneofthegreatestprivileges ofmylifetohaveknown,forinhim wererevealedtomeinalltheirprimitivegrandeurtwogreatcharacteristicsofanOrde;thatwillbedearto IrelandandtheChurchwhileFaith andFather!andendure.

Iwouldsuggesttothemembersof theU.I.L.that,insteadoftakinga steplikelytocausedisunion,theyall goinabodytothenextmeetingof theYoungIrelandSocietyand"join up."TheYoungIrelandSocietycan. anddoes,embracemembersofall other'Irishsocieties.andcontainsall thatisnecessarytocementtogether thevariousbodiesintooneorganisation,whichcouldspeakwithauthority onbehalfoftheIrishmenofthis State.-Yours,etc..

D.J.O'LEARY.

Albany,February10.1919

Albany

Ournewsoggarth,FatherGilroy, madegoodimmediatelyinAlbany.His kindlymannerandgenialsmilehave openedthenearestdoortothehearts ofthepeople.Heisnowengaged inanextendedvisitationofhisbeautifulseasideparish.

ThenewChurchCommitteehave decidedonextensivealterationsand additionstothePresbyteryandSchool. Twomewroomsaretobeaddedtothe Presbytery,whilealltheotherrooms aretoberiVovated,repapered,anda propersystmofventilationinstalled.

Inthisconnectionacontracthasbeen lettoMr.HerbertDoveyfor£230.

DevotiontoIreland. Thesetwoall-consumingcharacteristicsarethespiritofself-sacrifice,and adeep,undyingdevotiontotheland whencetheirOrdersprang.Inan agewhenIrelandstillgroanedunder theshacklesofcenturies,anIrishgentlemanfoundedanIrishinstitutionon Irishsoil-thefirstnationalreligious foundationofpurelyIrishoriginsince thedayswhenthe"DoveofIona" drewhiscountrymeninthousandsto hisside.ThosewhoknowthehistoryofIrelandinthecenturythatis goneknowtheparttheIrishChristianBrothershavetaken.Theyknow theirpatientsteadfastness,theirdeep unswervingdevotion,theirloyalty bright,untarnished,to"darkRosaleen" Inadaywhencompromise wouldhavemeantprosperity,andwas bysomeesteemedaduty,theyscornedthegoldofEngland,andshared thecrustofthepoorthatthespirit ofaNationmightendure. Ihave seentheteardropglisteninanold man'seyewhenhetoldhowhehad oftenenteredhisclass-room,hungry, inbitterdaysgoneby-hungry,bu% yetashamed.forhefeltthathispupils werestillmorehungry.Butheand h:sbrothersknewthesoulofIreland, andthankstothem,andotherslike them,thesoulofIrelandlossurvived. Withthemandwiththeirpupilsin theselattertimestherehasbeenno needforresuscitationinthe"Irish" Irelanddirection-theirlove,appreciat:Onanddevotionareunchangingand unchanged.

churchandtotheworld.Dayby dayheentershisclassroom,toilsfrom morntillnight,retiringspentano weary;butinhisheartthereisa gladnessthatisallpeculiar,forhe knowshehasspenthimselfinthe divinestofvocations-trainingsouls forGod.TherehavebeenBishops whohavebuiltaschoolbeforeacathedral,Priestswhohavelefttheir presbyteriestoaccommodatereligious teachers.becausetheyknewthatwith outtheschoolthechurchcouldnot last.InthebattleofChristianeducationinAustraliatheIrishChristian Brothershaveeverbeeninthevanguard.WhereaGodlesssystemof Stateeducation,thatregardsthechild asabeautifulbeastwitha"destiny befittingasoullesschimpanze,"has doneitsbesttoobliteratetheideasof anhereafter,theChristianBrothers haveinspiredthemindsofthousands ofyoungAustralianswithanidealof faithandsanctitythatwillmake themstandlikeadamantwhentheir lessfortunatebrotherssinkinthe strife."Theboyisfathertothe man,"andwellforAustralia,andthe churchinAustralia,thattheIrish ChristianBrothershavesomuchtodo withAustralianmanhoodinthemaking.Thelessonsoftheschool-room willbearfruitanhundredfoldata laterday.Theexampleofself-sacrifice,purity,andfaith,whichlistless youthmaynothaveappreciated willberealisedinallitsgrandeur,and rememberedwithgratitude,whenthe exemplarhaslonggonetohisreward. Itisastrangething,thereverencean oldChristianBrothers'boyeverbears forhisformermasters.Prelates, prieits,richmen,toilers-theyfindin theircommonmasterssomethinglike that"touchofnaturewhichmakesthe wholeworldkin,"andthroughitall theindividualmeansnothing.The Orderisfamous-theunitwhosesacrificeandgeniuscontributestothat fameiscontenttoremainhiddenand unknown.Verilythefoundationand explanationofthenameandprestige oftheIrishChristianBrothersispersonal,life-long,heroicself-sacrifice. SothoughtIto-day,atallevents, inthepeacefulcountrychurchyard,andsurveyedthehumblerowof graves,silent"withunwrittenmemories,"andmymindwanderedtomany anothercornerofourfar-flungcontinentwheresomanyBrotherswho weredeartome"long"(inthewords ofoneoftheirnumber)"tohearthe finalcalltomuster,beneaththe shadowofaCelticCross."

CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Harrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly. That'sall.

lrisbnational'forester's ASOCIETYFORIRISHMEN. NoInitiationFee.CheapestContributions. Branches:HughO'Neill,

Anothercontractfor/50hasbeenlet tothesamecontractorforextending theschool25feet.Theladiesofthe parishhaveundertakentoraisethe necessaryfundsforre-furnishingthe Pzcsbytery.

I3essywillbepleasedtohear thathergreatfavourites-St.Joseph's Clubbies-asshecallsthem-madea presenttoFatherGilroyofacompleteinstallationofelectriclightfor thePresbytery.Thewaterhasalso beenlaidonalloverthegrounds.

Inthreeorfourmonths'timegalvanisedironissupposedtocomedown verymuchinprice;whenthatreduetionisinsight,thecommitteeintend topulldowntheoldunsightlyverandahinfrontofthePresbytery,and erectanewup-to-dateverandah rightroundthewholebuilding.

Thesealterationsandadditionswhen completedwillrunintoabout£600. Acollectionwastakenupacoupleof weeksago,andabout£130wasrealised.Tomeetthebalance.theladiesof theparishandthegoodNunsofthe Conventarearrangingforamonster BazaaratEaster.atwhichallkind friendsareaskedtoassist.

AfewfeetdistantasIpenthese linesIreadasimpleinscriptionthat illustratesinawaystrangelybeautifulthattimeanddistancedimmed notthedevotionofthesechildrenof theGael.ThenameoftheBrother whosleepsbeneathisahousehold wordinthecitynearby.Strongmen weptbyhisdyingbedside,andto-day thoughyearshavepassedsincethen, hisinfluenceisapparentinthelives ofmany,andbyallhisnameisheld inbenediction.Inhisgreatsoulthe fireofPatriotismburnedsupremelywithPearcehemighthavesaidwith truththathis"lovewasIreland."The touchingrequesthemadeatthelast wasthatonhisheadstonemighthe writtenthesimplequatrain:TheCelticCrossraiseo'erme, Lettheivyroundittwine; 'Twilltelltothelandthatboreme ThatthegrandoldFaithwasmine! TheSpiritofSelf-Sacrifice. Ofthese,ondgreatcharacteristicof theChristianBrother-thespiritof self-sacrifice-theworldisthewitness, though,strangetosay,menaresupremelyunconsciousattimes.Away fromtheglareofthelimelightthe Brotherliveshislabouriousdayswithoutthoughtoftemporalreward.The heedlessnessofchildhood,theingratitudeofyouth,theabsenceofsympatheticsupport.whereitshouldbe mostreadilyforthcoming,oftenconspiretomakehislife,intheeyesof theworld,:ittlelessthanthelimitof drudgery.Butbyasoulthataspirestotheheightofeternal,andsees thelightofgloryshiningfromthem, thesethingsareforgottenasitpresses tothegoalBesides,theChristian teacher wsthathiswork,though humble,anoftenunheeded,isfraugn withtreme!....lousconsequencestothe

St.Ildephonsus'College

NEWNORCIA

CONDUCTEDBYTHEMARISTBROTHERS.

Terms:FortyGuineasperAnnum.

Forparticularsapplytothe BROTHERDIRECTOR.

'PhoneA2946

MITIT.LO'CONNOR,A.T.C.L., 45Cleaverstreet,WestPerth, TeacherofPianoforte,Violin,Pipe OrganandHarmony.

TERMSONAPPLICATION.

MissO'Connorispreparedtotake PupilsforthePipeOrgan.

YOUNGIRELANDSOCIETYOF WESTERNAUSTRALIA.

UnderthePatronageofHisGracethe Archbishop.

Objects:ThestudyoftheLanguage, Music,History,Literature,andDancingofIreland,andtherevivalofthe idealiofanIrish-Ireland.

MEETSeveryMONDAYat8pm. inSociety'sRooms,over"W.A. Record"Office,Murraystreet.

MonthlySubscription:Ladiesand Juveniles,6d;Gen'lemen,ls. T.SLATTERY,Hon.Secretary.

PERTHCATHOLICYOUNGMEN'S SOCIETY.

504HAY-STREET,PERTH.

(UnderthePatronageofHisGrace ArchbishopClime.) BilliardRoom,Lounge,Library,Card Room,CricketClub,Harriers'Club, Debating.Musical,andDramatic Society.

ASOCIETYTHATEVERYCATHO. LICYOUNGMANSHOULDBELONGTO. FullparticularsonapplicationtoL.RODOREDA, Hon.Secretary. 133Charier-street,WestPerth.

J.M.J. ST.JOSEPH'SCONVENT, KELLERBERRIN.

Thebuildingisbeautifullysituated inoneofthemostattractiveandsalubriousdistrictsofW.A.

TheReligiousTraining,alsothe HealthandComfortofthepupilsare earnestlyattendedto.

Thecourseofinstructionincludesa thoroughEnglishEducation,Bookkeeping.Shorthand,Typewriting, Piano,Violin,andTheoryofMusic, Drawing,Painting(oilsandwatercolours',PlainandOrnamentalNeedlework. ADiscmintismadeinfavourofSisters. For:tirtherparticulars,applytothe SISTERSUPERIOR, Convent,Kellerberrin.

St.Patrick'sDayCelebrations, 1919

Entr:,fortheundermentioled Athleti.EventsclosewithMrJ.J. Snigg,Clothier.Barrack-street,Ln.or beforeMari:;rd75YardsBoys'Race.

440Yards'Handicap(open).

220Yards'Handicap(open).

120Yards'HurdleRace(open).

120Yards'Handicap(opentomembersofCatholicSchools,Colleges,and IrishandCatholicSocieties). 120Yards'Championship(Schools andCollegesonly). HighJump. Teams'RelayRace. NominationFee,ls.SchoolsandCollegesFree. ProgrammeofSchoolEventsobtainfromHeadMasters. J.TULLY, CA.GUILFOYLE. Hon.Secs MISSINGFRIEND. WantedaddressPATRICKCARROLLlateofBallincur. King'sCounty,Ireland;lastheardof

ThePassingoftheU.I.L.

NewsoftheArchdiocese

"ACatholicnewspaperinaparishis aperpetualmission." -LEOXIII.

REV.T.R.O'GRADY, EditorandManager.

theEditor'sNote-Book

AccordingtothePressSirHenry LefrovistryingtomobiliseallWestraliansstrandedintheEastern States,andbringthemWest.While weshouldbegladtoseeourpeople homeagain,wewonderiftheriskof bringingovertheinfluenzabenottoo great.

Unlicenseddogsinthemetropolitan areawillbeinaprecariouscondition duringthenextfewweeks.TheCity Councilhasanorganisedbandofdog chasersontheirtrack.Wemaymentionthatformanyreasonsoursympathyisnotonthesideofthecanine.

TheToriesareontheirknees.They arenowanxioustogiveHomeRule atanyprice.But,theyhaveyetto reckonwithPresidentWilson.and withthePresidentoftheIrishRepublic.andtheyrealiseit.

FancythejokeofPresidentDeValeraescapingfromanEnglishprison: Itisjustaquestionofescapesmade easy.Thereislittledangerofan IrishrebelescapingfromaBritish cell,unlesstheauthoritiessowish.

Foch'swarningregardingthe strengthoftheGermanArmyisan indicationthatafterallthereis nothingverystartlinginthevictory oftheAllies,unlesstheoustingofthe WarLordfromtheThrone.

TheindustrialunrestinGreatBritainandUlstercannotbesheeted hometotheSinnFeiners.Infact. thereispeaceandtranquilityinthe SouthandWestofIreland,andthe workingclassesofEngland'smanufacturingcities.andtheOrangemenof Belfastarecreatingmoretroublethan alltheSinnFeindisturbancesofthe pastthreeyears.But.perhaps,their rowisnotwithoutreason.

Whatajoyouswelcomehomethe AnzacsreceivedattheQuarantine Station.Sydney,theotherday!Compelledtoherdwithsnakes,tocook theirownmealsindividually,toerect theirowntents,Nowonderthey brokequarantine,andnowonderthe fightingardouroftheAussiecools.

AccordingtolastTuesdaynight's paper,theCatholicauthoritiesinMelbourneareplacingtheschoolsatthe disposalofthehealthauthorities,and theSisterstoactasnursesincasethe plaguespreads.AndthisisthecentreoftheactivitiesofArchbishopMannix.andtheplacewhereSt.Pa.rick'sDayCelebrationsaretobePrussianisad!Where.wewond,sr.dothe bigotsof'Melbournestandintheeffort to'stampouttheinfluenza?

After.manyaYearofusefulservice inthecauseofIreland,circumstances haveforcedtheU.I.L.outofexistence.Anewregimehasbeguninthe oldland.Thesystemwhichworked sowellforoverfortyyearshasoutliveditsusefulness.Whatbrought itsefficiencytoastandneedscarcely bementioned,butanewIreland,a betterIreland.too,hassprungPhoenix-likefromtheashesofEasterWeek. ThecauseofSinnFeinhastriumphed. andeventhoseamonguswhoareintelligentenoughtothinkforourselves, andwhoarenotintellectuallyhamperedbysordidbusinessinterests,hate cometotheconclusionthatthenew IrelandisthebetterIreland.Upto theyear1908.orthereabouts,Ireland wassteadilylosinghernationalcharacter.Subtleinfluenceswereatwork torobheroftheidealstowhichshe clungsotenaciouslyforcenturies. JohnRedmond,peacetohisashes,the accreditedleaderoftheIrishpeople. hadceasedtobethemanofanearlier period.Thefalse.materialcharmsof Londonhad.mesmerisedhim,andthe climaxwasreachedwhenintheface ofbrokentreatiesandwreckedhopes. hebecamearecruitingsergeantfor thatEnglandbywhich,afteryearsof loyalservice,hispartyandhimself wereshamefullybetrayed.Hewas callinguponthemanhoodofIrelard tofightforCatholicBelgium.justas ifIrelandowedevenafarthingtothat nation.Hewasappealingtothe IrishandCatholicstofightfora FrenchGovernmentwhichhadseculariseditsCatholicschools,andhunteditsBrothersandNunstotheends oftheearth.Butheforgotthathe wasspeakingtoaneducatedpeople:theschoolmasterhadbeenabroad,and theyoungergenerationhadgrowntoo wisetobegulledbyfinewords.No wondertheintellectualsofIrelandthenewgeneration-repudiatedthe oldorder.Mans-peopleinmany partsoftheworldunreasonablycommentuponthetransition.Irelandis nottheonlynationwhichdesired,or had,achangeofpolicy.Englandhad afewchangesofCabinetduringthe war.However,thechangehascome. To-day,Irelandstandsforself-determination.ItsParliamentariansare SinnFeinbyasweepingmajority.Mr. EamonDeValera.thePresidentofthe IrishRepublic.whollyacceptsthe politicalpropositionswhichPresident Wilsonenunciatedinconnectionwith thewar.ThestrengthofyoungIre- land'spositionisinthedenialofEngland'srighttodeterminethedestinies ofanothernation.togaintheuncontrolleddispositionoftheeconomic, social.andpoliticallifeofanother nation.EvenMr.Asquith'sassertion in1912strengthensthepositionof SinnFein:"Ihavealwaysmaintained, andImaintainasstronglyto-day,that Irelandisanation."Sothat,since thenewsystemhasbeensolidlyes- tablishedintheoldland,andsinceit hasthesupportofabigmajority,we mustacceptSinnFeinasthepractical systemofIrishgovernmentatthepre- senttime.WhilewebelieveinIrelandhavingfullcontrolofherownaffairs,wecannotseehbwshecanbe entirelyalienatedfromGreatBritain. TobecompletelyoutsidetheBritish EmpirewouldmeanthatIreland shouldmaintainanarmyandnavyof herown,andhergeographicalpositionwouldmakeherapreyforastronger Power.Moreover,acompletesep- arationfromBritainwouldtoagreat extentcutoffIreland'sconnection withtheBritishcolonies.Solongas Irelandhadafullopportunityofdeterminingherownpolicyincommercial,social,andpoliticalspheres,her positionwouldbesatisfactory.Given thepowersAustraliaandCanadaenjoy,wehavenohesitationinsaying thatDeValeraandhisfollowerswould bequitesatisfied.AndifWilsons programmebeconsistentlyadheredto, itisonlylogicalthattheIrishpeople getalltheywantandallthattheyare entitledto.

AstowhatwillsucceedtheU.I.L., inouropinion,theLeagueshouldfall inwiththeYoungIrelandSociety. whichisinperfectaccordwiththe newerainIrishpolitics.TheYoung IrelandSocietyisthemostattractive, andmostflourishingIrishassociation inourmidstatthepresenttime.It isdoingsplendidworkhereforthe promotionofIrishidealsamongthe risinggeneration.Whileitexists,we seenoreasonwhyanynewsociety shouldbeformed.\\'ehopethatat to-morrow'smeetingstepsbetaken inthisdirection.andthatonMonday nighttheYoungIrelandSociety's ranksheconsiderablystrengthenedby theinclusionofallthemembersofthe U.I.L.

Adonitionof I'.wasreceivedby Mr.J..1 O'Farrell.DistrictSecretary ILA fromtheStaroftheSea Branch1:1!',.Fremantle,inaidofthe ClontariOrphanagesleeperroad.

CALENDARFORFEBRUARY.

Sunday,16 (Purple,-Septuagesima

Sunday. Monday,17(Purple)-Feria. Tuesday,18(Reds-St,Simeon,B.M. Wednesday,19(Purplel-Feria. Thursday,20(Purplel-Feria. Friday,21(Purplei-Feria. Saturday,22(White-ChairofSt. Peter,ApostleatAntioch.

TheArchbishop,whohadbeenona triptoSingapore,viaports,returned tactFridaymorningmuchbenefitted bytheholiday.

*

MassnextSunday.Gosnells, o'clock:Armadale.9o'clock. sr *

Thegracefulchurch(St.Munchin's), whichwaserectedbyMillars'Timber andTradingCo..atGosnells,willbe blessedandopenedbyhisGracethe ArchbishoponSunday,March2,at 10.30Mass.

Si *

Atripdowntheriverbyjiffes.s. Zephyrwilltakeplaceonesdayevening,25th,inst.Theproceedswill bedevotedtotheGosnellsCatholic BuildingFund.Everybodyshould bepresent.

localandGeneral

TheengagementisannouncedbetweenMr.AlbertE.Dolan.Norwood Hotel,EastPerth,andMissM.E. (Tilly)Townshend,Sinclair-street. SouthFremantle.

*

Healy's,ofHay-street,Perth.the well-knowncitytailorsandmen'sfurnishers,haveopenedupabranch businessatFremantle.Thenameis popularfromtheLeeuwintobeyond Wyndham,andisanoldfavouriteat thePort."Healy'sCorner"isanew ,nameintheFremantleBusinessDirectory,andthe"boss"ofthenewemporiumisdeterminedtomakeitthe pivotofstyleandqualityforup-to- dateFremantle."Clothesmakethe man."Healy'smaketheclothes.

Don'tmissthemoonlightriverex cursioninaidofSt.Brigid'sChurch Bazaar,WestPerth,onTuesdayeveningnext,the18th.inst.Thes.s.Zep- hyrhasbeencharteredfortheoccasion,andtheoutingwillbeoneofthe pleasantestyetheldontheriver.Alreadyalargenumberofticketshave beenputintocirculation.Thosewho desiretohavea"blowout"onthat eveningshouldmakesureofaplace ondeck-everyfootofspacewill,we aresure,haveafootortwoonit,and theZephyrwillruntotime.Getin earlyandmakeyourselfcomfortable. Music,songandromanceisonthe programme.Youarewelcometothe lot-itcanbehadforoneshilling,

Welearnthatgreatinterestisbe ingtakenbytheBunburyChildrenof Maryinadvancingtheinterestsof theirpopulargirlcandidate.MissCeciliaLucy,andwewishthisbrightand talentedyoungladyeverysuccess.

MissN.Connorandthemembersof theSodalityoftheChildrenofMary intendgivingaverypleasantevening intheConventSchoolRoominthe verynearfuture,inaidoftheircandidate,CeciliaLucy.andsolicitthe helpofthepublictomaketheeveningsentertainmentagreatsuccess.

Mrs.Reidy,ofBunbury,hasreceivedwordthatPrivateJ.T.Reidyrecentlyspentanenjoyabl4holidayin Scotlandwhileonfurlough.andhas nowtakenupdutiesatA.I.F,Headquarters,Horseferry-road.London. *

Mr.andMrs.JackHands.ofBun- bury,whospentafewdaysinthe city.returnedtoBunbury'onWednesdaymorning.

Brennan'sgreatsummersaleisis fullswingandgoingstrong.House= wifesseekingbargainswillfindthem atthisup-to-dateemporium.Why worryaboutcomparingpricelists. NonecancomparewithBrennan's prices;theyaresimplymarvelsin cheapness,andthequalityofthegoods unexcelled.Avisitwillsurpriseyou.

Wehavepleasureinchroniclingyet anotherbrilliantscholasticachievementbyapupiloftheChristianBrothers'HighSchool,Fremantle.Master WWallworkgainedfirstplaceinthe recentCommonwealthPublicService examinations.Weheartilycongratu- lateMasterWallworkandtheBrothersinthistheirlatestsuccess.

CongratulationstoMr.andMrs. BertDonovanuponthearrivalofthe first-bona,aneventwhichincidentally makes11,11popnlarandstillingGae: SergeantMauriceNormoyle,agrand- father.

ThelateRev.fatherSmyth,O.M.I. MemorialCommittee

ThelateFatherSmyth,0.M.I.,MemorialCommitteemetonSundayeveninginSt.Patrick'sHall,Fremantle. underthechairmanshipofMr.Dan Mulcahy.Replyingtothecommittee'sinvitationstotheschools,requestingtheirgenerousco-operationto worthilyperpetuatethememory-of thesaintlydead.theChristianBrothersintimatedthattheywerepreparedtodoallintheirpowertorurtherthemovement;theSistersofSt Josephwroteinsimilarterms.Amost appreciativeletterwasalsoreceived fromtheMotherPrioressoftheSacredHeartConvent.EastFremantle, enclosingchequefor£1Is.onbehalf oftheCommunity,andgivingthe happyassuranceofthebesteffort beingexercisedbytheSacredHeart pupils.

AttheinstanceofDr.Birmingham, supportedbyMr.Chas.Weaver,the actionofiLkhon.secretaryinpreparingand.1hgcollectingcardstothe BrothersandSistersforsubsequent Iiistributiontothechildren,wasunanimouslyendorsed.

TheBrianBorubranchoftheIrish NationalForesters,inacommunicationtohand,warmlyapprovedofthe project,andstatedthatthebranch haddonated,throughMr.McLinden, £33s.towardstheMemorialFund.A cordialintimationwasalsoconveyed fromtheStaroftheSeabranchof theHiberniansthatMrs.McCloskey, oftheSacredHeartSodality,was beinghandedthebranch'schequefor £33s.towardsthesamelaudableobject.Theesteemedladywasfurther therecipientof£1Is.fromtheStarof theSeaJuvenileHibernians.

Dr.Birminghamreportedregarding thecontemplatedMemorialWindow. thatitwasconsideredasmostappropriatethatthefigureoftheBlessed Virginshouldoccupyonesection,and thatofSt.Johntheothersectionof thewindow.

Theladiesandgentlemenwhohave volunteeredtoraisebycollectionthe necessaryfunds,supplementedbypHs-atecontributions,announcedthat theircanvasthusfarrealisedover £100.

Thefollowingladieswereelectedas collectorsforNorthFremantle:-Mrs MHailien,Mrs.D.Hevron,andMrs Regan.

HayingdecidedtomeetonSunda, evening,the23rd.inst.,themeeting closed.

WestPerthNotes

(ByaSpecialCorrespondent.)

Onthe10thinst..anotherfillipwas giventotheseriesofpicturesintrain atSt.Brigid's,WestPerth.Theweatheriskeepingupsplendidlyforthese outdoorentertainments,anditisgladdeningtoseethepeopleareaccording theofferingsafairmeasureofsupport.Butstillthereisquiteagood dealofspaceformanymore,andfor fearthatthenewsoftheirbeinghas notcometotheknowledgeofsomewe wouldnowurgeonthemtheenlist. mentofsympathy.Doyouatall knowthatifeveryoneintheparish, ofcloseon3,000people,weretojustbuyaticketforsixpenceeachweek. suchafundwouldbecreatedasto satisfypermanentlyallparochialrequirements.6tytheway,atthe screeningongslondaynightnext,the 17thinst.,stripsofcinemafilmwillbe onsalebyboysmixingwithvisitors totheshowtobesoldatthepriceof onepennyapiece.Thishasalways beenakeennoveltyandattraction withjuveniles,whofindthatthepossessionofabitofcelluloidfroma "movie"machineisasourceofdelighandwealthuntold.Bringyour pen!ciesforthekiddiestomaketheir nightpurchases.andbeabletoobtain oneoftheserarebargains;andwe wouldmentionthattheboywhoeffectsthemostsaleswillberewarded ina"spill,"valuedatoneshilling.Get busyboys.andsoswellthefundsfor theobjectsoworthy.

*

OnTuesdaynightnext,the18th. inst..promptlyateight,theriverexcursionbythes.s.Zephyrwilltake place.andhavinginmindsuchan astoundingprecedentaswascreated intheoverwhelmingresponseaccorded theFoundlingHomeoutingonthe 22nd.ult..everyeffortshouldbemade tosupersedethatverysuccessfulendeavour.Theeveningisboundtobe ofanaturewhenthepurchaseofa ticketwillensuretothebuyera breezegoodandbracing.TheZepl-NricavcsalthebottomofBarrack,:lueetpromptly,.t Therewillbea goodconcert board.

Aword!Thepictureshowsare beingdampenedbytheabsenceeach nightatthecloseoftheprogrammes whenpatronshavedispersed,ofafew able-bodiedworkerstoremovethe seatsfromthegroundtoaspotafew feetbehindthescreenalreadyselect. ed.Isthereanychanceofsomevolunteersto''comeoverhere"andrelievethetiredcomradesinthe_last "stunt"?

Lookoutforthepopulargirls. Everystallisrepresented.

An"uglyboy"isyetanotheridea nowdeveloping.Beonthequivive. * *

Quiteasheafofgoodthingsisnow instoretoaddtotheeventstaking placeintheparish,anditbehoves eachandalltosticktohisorherguns whenontheeveofthistremendous offensive.Tothedefenderwe'dsay getoutyoursparecoinandrespondto theinvader,

St.Patrick'sDayCelebrations

1919

Entriesfortheprincipalathletic events,whichareadvertisedinanother column,willclosewithMr.J.J.Snigg. Barrack-street,on,orbefore,March 3rd.ThenominationfeeisIs.schoolsandcolleges,free.Theprogrammeofschooleventscanbeobtainedfromtheheadmastersofthe differentacademies.OurCatholic schoolsandcollegesshouldbeableto sendstrongcontingentsofcompetitorsfortheathleticevents,anditis the.topeofthecommitteethatour youngathletes(andwehavemanyof theminourschoolsiwillshowupwell onSt.Patrick'sDayinthecompetitiveevents.Oursocietiesalso.particularlythePerthYoungMen'sand theInstituteatFremantle,shouldbe abletogive.agoodaccountofthe starchandelectricitywithinthem.All theeventsshouldfindalargenumber ofcontestants.

Ageneralmeetingofthemembers willbeheldonMondayeveningnext attheArchbishop'sPalace.Importantbusinesswillbebroughtforward, anditishopedtherewillbealarge attendance.

CathedralCarnival

AtameetinginthePari-Hallof thoseconnectedwiththerecentCarnivallastWednesdayevening.Father Moloneypresiding.themagnificentresultsweremadeknown.Thefollowingistheresultofthebigeffort:£ d. ChildrenofMary(Miss O'Mahony)

Mrs.O'Connor

Mrs.Guilfoyle

Mrs.FraserandMrs.Fur

ThePopeandPeace

AnEncyclicalLetter

TothePatriarchs,Archbishops,BishopsandOtherOrdinariesofthe CatholicWorld.

Thatforwhichthewholeworldhas longsighed,whichChristianityhasimploredwithsuchferventprayer,and forwhichWetoo,interpreterofthe commonsorrow,haveneverceasedto praywiththeheartofthefatherintentonthegoodofall-thathasconic inamoment;atlast,theclashofarms hasceased.True,peacehasnotyet insolemnfashionbroughttoanend thegreatwar,buttopeacetheroad hasbeenopenedhappilywiththeArmisticewhichhas,meanwhile,suspendedslaughteranddevastationbyland sea,andair.Manyandvariousreasonscouldbegiventoexplainthe suddennessofthisevent;butifthe supremereasonbesoughtthereisno otherwaybuttolookabovetoHint whorulesallevents.Movedtocompassionbytheunceasingprayersof Hisservants,Henowletshumanity breatheagainaftersomanytrialsand sorrows.While,then,allthanksare beinggiventotheLordforthiswondrousboon,Wearegladthatmanyimposingdemonstrationsofpietyhave takenplaceintheCatholicworldto thatend.Itremainsnowtoimplore ofthedivinemercythatthecrownbe putonthegreatgiftaccordedus.Soon thedelegatesofthevariousnations willmeetinsolemncongresstogive theworldajustandlastingpeace;no humanassemblyhaseverhadbeforeit suchseriousandcomplexdeterminationsastheywillhavetotake. Words,then,arenotrequiredto showhowgreatneedtheyhaveofbeingilluminatedfromonhighthatthey maycarryouttheirgreattaskwell. And,astheirdecisionswillbeof supremeinteresttoallhumanity,there isnodoubtthatCatholics,forwhom thesupportoforderandcivilprogress isadutyofconscience,mustinvoke Divineassistanceforallwhotake partinthePeaceConference.Wedesirethatthatdutybebroughtbefore allCatholics.Therefore,Venerable Brothers,inorderthattheremaycome fromtheCongressshortlytobeheld thatgreatgiftofheaven,truepeace foundedonChristianprinciplesofjustice,thatenlightenmentfromthe HeavenlyFathermaydescendon them.itshallbeyourcaretoorder publicprayersineachparishofyour diocesesinthewayyoumaythink mostconvenient.AsforUs,representing,howeverunworthily,Jesus Christ,KingofPeace,Weshallexert alltheinfluenceofOurApostolicMinistrythatthedecisionswhichareto betakentoensureforeverinthe worldthetranquilityoforderandconcordbewillinglyacceptedandfaithfullycarriedoutbyCatholicseverywhere.

Asharbingerofcelestialfavoursand pledgeofOurbenevolence,toyou, VenerableBrethren,andtoyourclergy 1010andpeople,WeimpartfromOurheart theApostolicBenediction.

1 9 GivenatRomeatSt.Peter'sonthe 361st.dayofDecember,1918,thefifth yearofOurPontificate. 186 BENEDICTUSPP.XV.

andafurtherseriesunderthesame strictmanagementshouldbeencouraged.

AuditorFrankHeagneyisaboutto tryhisfortuneinfreshfields.HeintendsgivinghisabilityscopeinJava, andleavesnextmonth.Thispopularmembercarrieswithhimevery wishfromhiscomradesforaprosperouscareer.

Thecricketersarejubilantover theirrepeatedsuccesses.andonnext SaturdaytheyhavetopittheirpowersagainsttheunbeatenAustrals.The matchwillbewatchedWithkeeninterest,andhopesarehighthatthe "ashes"willrestwiththesocietyboys, Thelibrarian(Mr.Oldriniiandsecretary(Mr.Rodredra)arerecuperatingafterayear'stoil.Botharemakingthebestoftheirholiday,especiallytheformeraroundtheIslandof Rottnest.

Membersareappealedtofortheir supportinaworthycause,thepatronageofamoonlightexcursiononTuesday,February25th.inaidoftheGosnellsChurchFunds.Afullmuster onboardisrequested.

C.Y.P.C.

ThemembersoftheCuttesloeYoung People'sClubwishestoannouncethat theyareconductinganuglymancompetitionintheirparish,andtheyearnestlyhopethattheywillbeabletoobtaintheco-operationandhelpofthe parishioners.TheyalsowishtoannouncethatapicnicundertheirauspiceswillbeheldonSunday(February16)atPeppermintGrove.All youngpeopleoverfourteenyearsof agewhoareanxioustojointheclub inthefuturewillbecordiallymade welcomeiftheycaretogoalong.An enjoyabletimeisassured.

Averysuccessfulandenjoyable eveningwasspenttheothernightat theCottesloeHallbythemembersof theclub,theoccasionbeingtobid farewellandbonvoyagetooneof theiroldestmembers.MissM.Smedley,wholeftfortheEastlastSaturday.Thebigandenthusiasticcrowd presentwassplendidevidencethatthe membersfullyappreciatedthisyoung lady.Severalmembersofthecommitteespokeonbehalfoftheclubin regardtoMissSmedley,whowassuch anenergeticworkerintheparish. Variousmusicalandvocalitemswere renderedduringtheevening.Intermingledwiththesewerevariousgames anddancing,whichbroughttheeveningtoasuccessfulekes,

TheHon.H.P.Colebatch

PopularGirlContest.

MissGladysSnigg

MissIreneBryant

MissKindelan

MissTaylor

MissBabsTully

MissMayFurlong

MissE.Mitchell

MissB.Willoughby

FatherMoloneyandhis w.rkersarecertainlytobecongratulateduponraisingsuchafinesuma: atimewhenmoneyisscarce,andthe publicareconfrontedwithsomanypressingappeals

YoungIrelandSociety

Theabovesocietyhelditsusual weeklymeetinginthehalloverthe ''Record"officeonMondayevening last.Therewasagoodattendance, andtheusualprogrammeofsongs,recitationsand-lanceswasgonethrough.

TheoverturewascontributedbyMrs. O'Keefe.Songswererenderedby theMissesEva.MonaO'Loughlin.and EileenMcNamara:Messrs.TomButler.T.Bogue.,andJ.P.Doheny. Mr.Walsh arecitation.andMr. IIoratigave)1:eofhischoicepiano.election'Duringthecourseof Hot,;o-,o-ldresswasdelivled Th2 proceed-

.._ .seu ngirgof"God irealnd

C.Y.M.Society

Thehalf-yearlymeetingoftheabove societywillbeheldonWednesday weeknext,whenalargeattendanceof membersareexpectedtoattendand exercisetheirfranchiseanallocating theoffice-bearersfortheensuingterm. Alreadykeeninteresthasmanifested itself,anditbehovesall,particularly thejuniorsection.tosetasideallpersonalprejudicesandvoteforthefuture interestsoftheclub.Thenominations sofaracknowledgedareofagood quality,andthevariouselectionswill amplydemonstratetheenthusiasmof themembers.

Acommittee,comprisingMessrs. Marmion,Henderson,Sheehan,and Prendergast,havebeenappointedto conferanddrawupapermanentset ofrules.Thismatterhasbeenabone -ofcontentionforsometimepast,and witharevisionoftherulesnowin vogueallgrievancesshouldfadeaway.

OnWednesdayeveningthesecond out-doorentertainmentwasheldin thegroundsinthepresenceofalarge number,includingagoodsprinklingof thefairsex.Theprogrammesubmittedbythemusicalanddramatic clubwasthoroughlyappreciated, whilstthearrangenigntsforthecomfortofthosepresentwereinthecapablehandsofthe.socialsecretary(Mr. J.Dwyer).Whensupperhadbeen dispensed.severalenjoyelthernsekes byafewdancesinthemeetinghall. Socialsofsuchanaturetendtothe successandpopularityofthesociety,

TheheartfeltthanksofeverycitizenofWestralia,weshouldthink,is duetotheHon.H.P.Colebatch,ActingPremier.HehasdonemoreduringthepastfewweeksforthisState thanmenoflesscalibreandgreater pretensionshavedoneintwoweary years.Hehasdealtfairlyandwithoutprejudicewiththemenonthe trams,andbroughttoaveryhappy closeastrikewhichwasfomentedby thetactlessnaggingofaprejudiced Press.But,greaterthanthis,hisactionin-connectionwiththeepidemic standssupremelycommendable.We areflatteredinhavingsuchapolitical leader,andweonlytrustthatMr. Colebatchwillalwaysbeguidedbythe samegrandspiritofforesightandimpartiality.Onsuchlinesitmaybe guagedthathisnamewillyetrankin averyhighnicheinthehistoryofthe littleStatehesoworthilyrepresents atthepresent time.

HibernianSociety

AmeetingoftheDistrictBoardwas heldintheHibernianHall.Murraystreet,Perth,onTuesdaylast,February11th,TheDistrictPresident Bro.A.A.Moffat.(inthechair),Bros. F.Grogan,M.Collopy,B.McCloskey, andtheDistrictSecretarywereinattendance.Afairamountofbusiness wastransacted.andaccountstothe extentof£63ls.werepassedforpayment.Itwasdecidedtorequestdonationsfromthemetropolitanbranches inaidoftheClontarfOrphanagesleeperroad.Apologieswerereceivedfor non-attendancefromBro.J.Nugent, Bro.WalterDwyer,andBro.T.Maher, RZAD THIS!

Thereisinourmidstacurioustype Irishman. KERRYICEISBRIGHT, 'ANDTHEPUCEISRIGHT. YourPatronageSolicited. RINGA8'225.

Sion--TheCityofDavid

(ByRev.Gerald

InthemiddleoftheChurchofthe Dormition,onMountSion,thereisa smallbuilding;achapelororatoryit mightbecalled,whichissaidtobe ontheexactspotwherethehouse stoodinwhichOurLadydied,Some ofthefoundationsofthischapelare saidtobethoseoftheHouseofMary. AtraditionsaysthatalltheApostles exceptSt.Thomasweresomehow, miraculouslyorotherwise,broughttogetheronthatoccasion,andwerepresentatthedeathoftheMotherof God.Shegavethemherlastadvices andrecommendationsregardingtheinfantchurch,sheblessedthemforthe lasttimeonthisearth,andthen peacefullyandwithoutastruggle passedawayandsleptintheLord.

Beforeweleavethisholyplaceor theCenacleandtheDormition,we maypauseforafewmoments,and meditate.Thegroundonwhichwe standisholy:JesusandMaryhave beenoncethere,andhavebeenoften there;theirpresencestillseemsin somemysteriouswaytohoveraround thisawe-inspiringspot.Thoughwe cannotsayMassnorevenkneeldown tosayaprayerintheCenacle,neverthelesswecanmeditateandpraythere inthesecretofourhearts.Here,at leastfourofthesacramentshavebeen instituted.First,hereJesusChrist institutedtheBlessedEucharist,the greatestofallSacraments,whenatHis LastSupper,byHisalmightypower, HechangedbreadandwineintoHis BodyandBlood,saying,"Thisismy Body,thisisMyBlood."Second:Here astheCouncilofTrentdeclares,Jesus ChristmadeHisApostlespriests,and establishedtheSacramentofHoly Orders,whenHegavethempowerto dowhatHeHimselfhadjustdone,by saying,"Dothisforacommemoration ofMe."Third:HereHeestablished theSacramentofPenance,andgave theApostlesthepowerofforgiving andretainingsins.Itwasprobably onthedayoftheResurrection,towardsevening,Sundayevening,that Heappearedtothemandgavethem thisgreatpower(St.John,chap.20, v.19).Fourthandfinally:Here,in theCenacle,tendaysaftertheAscension,theHolyGhostcamedownupon theApostlesintheformoftonguesof fire,and"theywereallfilledwiththe HolyGhost,andtheybegantospeak withdiverstongues."(Acts2-4).Again, here,inthevicinityoftheCenacle,the firstChristiansweremade,andthe Gospelwasfirstpreached,sothat "therewereaddedinthatday"(tothe numberofChrist'sfollowers)"about threethousandsouls."(Acts2-41), TheCenacle.

TheCenaclemaybecalled,andit reallyis,"theCradleof.theCatholic Church."ItwastherethatourDivineLordinstitutedtheMassandthe BlessedEucharist;itwastherethat Heinstitutedthepriesthoodandmade HisApostlesprieststocontinueHis workandHisSacrificeuntiltheendof time;itwastherethattheHolyGhost camedownonthedayofPentecost, andtransformedinaninstantthese twelvepoorignorantfishermenof GalileeintoApostles,"fishersofmen," teachersofthewordofGod,andmade themfullofwisdomandofzeal.From theCenacle,Isay,theywentforth, andtheirwordshavebeenheardeven totheuttermostboundsoftheearth. Thatlonglineofteacherswhichisstill pouringforththewordofGodand fillingtheearthwiththeknowledgeof thetrueGod,maybetracedbackto theCenacleandtothedayofPentecost,throughthenineteencenturies whichhaveintervened.Theywent forthfromtheCenacleanorganised

JGriffin.)

bodyotteachers,undertheguidance andundertheleadershipofhimwhom ChristhadpreviouslyappointedHead ofHisChurch,whenHesaid,"Thou arePeter,anduponthisRockIwill buildmyChurch-andIwillgiveto theetheKeysoftheKingdomof Heaven."WefindPeterpresidingat theelectionofSt.Matthiasinthe CenacleevenbeforePentecost,astrikingfactbywhichthoseonehundred andtwentyfollowersofChristseemed torecogniseinPetertheauthorised andlegitimateHeadoftheChurch. EverywhereintheActsoftheApostles,wefindPeterspeakingwiththe authoritywhichChristhasgivenhim; nodissentientvoiceisraisedtoquestionthatauthority;itisaccepted withoutamurmur.Probablythese onehundredandtwentypersonsassembledintheCenacleaftertheAscensionhadknownChristpersonally; itcanscarcelybedeniedwithouttemeritythattheydidknowChristbefore hisAscension,andevenduringHis mortallife,andHemusthavegiven themverbalproofsofHismissionto St.Peter."Peterstandingupwith theeleven(Apostles)lifteduphis voiceandspoketothem."(Acts2-14). Peter,filledwiththeHolyGhost,as werealltheApostles,speakstothe peopleinthenameofthemall.He speakswiththeauthorityofGod about"JesusofNazareth,amanapprovedofGod."(Acts2-22.)Heputs beforetheminveryforciblewordsthe enormouscrimetheyhavecommitted incrucifyingthissameJesus.And "whentheyhadheardthesethings theyhadcompunctionintheirheart, andtheysaidtoPeterandtotheother Apostles:Whatshallwedo,menand brethren?ButPetersaidtothem:Do penanceandbebaptised."(Acts2-3738.)ItisPeterwhoistheHeadand theguidingspirit(underGod)when theApostlesareissuingfromtheCenacleonthateventfuldayofPentecost. HeisreallytheChiefandtheleader amongtheApostles,heisreallythe Rock.thefoundationuponwhich thesefirststonesofthegreatedifice whichwecalltheChurchofGodwere built.Itishewhospeaksinthenames ofalltheotherApostles,andwithpreeminenceoverthem.Christhassaid tohim,"Feedmylambs,feedmy sheep." hasalsosaidtohim: "Ihaveprayedforthee,thatthy Faithfailnot,andthoubeingonce converted,confirmthybrethren."It seemstomeveryclearthattheApostleswentforthfromtheCenacleto teachtheworldGod'struthasanorderly,disciplinedbodyofteachers,filledwiththeHolyGhostitistrue,but yetundertheguidanceofhimwhom ChristhadappointedHisVicaron earth.Theydidnotgoforthasa moth-crowd;eachoneteachingaccordingtohisownfancy,nortosuit thewhimsandcapricesofawicked, voluptuousking,nortopandertothe dictatesofacorruptpaganworld.No. indeed,theywentforthintotheworld, as"lambsamongwolves."Theychanged.andconvertedthatword,fullof raveningwolves,andmadeitaccept thesweetyokeofChrist.bythebenign andlovinginfluenceoftheHoly Ghost,theSpiritofTruth.

TheHistoricEpiscopate.

ReallyIcouldnothelpsmilingthe otherday.whenIreadinthenewspapersomethingaboutthe"Unionof Churches."Representativesofseveraldifferentdenominationshadjust concluded"animportanttwo-days' conferenceonchurchunion."Well,I ask.howcantherebeunionwhenthey rejectthebondc,funionestablishedby

ChristHimself?"UponthisrockI willbuildMyChurch,""Ihaveprayed fortheethatthyfaithfailnot."They canhold"importantconferences,"and theycandeliberate,butwhogave themauthority?Wheredotheycome from?Where,1ask,is"thecontinuityofthehistoricepiscopate"?And whereis"thehistoricepiscopate"itself?Isitnotnow,asitwasa thousandyearsago,yeafifteenhundredyearsago,andifwegobackto theverythresholdoftheCenacle,and beholdwithourmind'seyetheApostlesastheyarecomingforth,filled withtheHolyGhost,andwithPeter attheirhead.Thehistoricepiscopate,Isay,istheepiscopatewhichacknowledgesPeter,andhissuccessor, asitshead.Thatandthataloneis theepiscopatewhichhascomedown tousinanunbrokenlinefromPeter andtheApostles.Youcanhold"importantconferences"inAdelaideand elsewhere,asoftenasyoulike,but untilyouacceptandsubmittothe teachingofPeterandhissuccessor youcanneverhave-aunionofchurches.TherecanonlybetheONE Clyirch,ChristOurLordsays,"Iwill buildMyChurch,"andHewillbuild itandhasbuiltitonPeter.AsSt. Augustineverytrulysays,"Where Peteris,thereistheChurch."Our Lordwishesustobeallunitedas "OneFoldunderOneShepherd."He wishesustohaveonefaith,alltobelievethetruthswhichHehastaught, allbelievingthesametruths,allparticipatinginthesameSacramentsand Sacrifice,allundertheauthorityofthe oneSupremePastor,andthisSupreme PastorishimselfonlytheVicarof Him,whohassaid,"Feedmylambs, feedmysheep." Well,weshouldbefaithfultothose innumerableblessingsandgraces whichhavecomeuponusandupon theworldfromtheCenacle.Todespisetheseblessingswouldbethe blackestingratitudetowardsourgood GodandourRedeemer.Toneglect theSacramentofPenance.toturnour backontheConfessionalwhereJesus Christbestowssomanygraces;to neglecttheBlessedEucharist,theHoly Communion,whereJesusChristoffers ussomanyblessings,whereHereally givesHimselftous.Tobecomeina wordindifferentandcarelessaboutthe Sacramentsisdeprivingourselvesof God'smostpreciousgifts,andlosing throughourownfaultthatSpiritual StrengthandHelpofwhichwestand somuchinneedtoworkoutoursalvation. TheGateofDavid, AsweleavetheCenacle,wemay walkeastwards,andinafewminutes weseeonourlefttheGateofDavid. Itiscalledbythenatives"Baben NebiDavud,"thegateoftheprophet David.Itisalsocalled"BabSahioun,"theGateofSion.Thisgateis veryancient,andperhapsexistedlong beforethetimeofChrist.ALatin inscriptionhasbeendiscoveredhere madebytheRomansoldiersofthe thirdCyreneanlegioninhonourofthe EmperorTrajan'svictoriesintheyear A.D.116.

WekostraighttipfromtheGateof David.andthenweseeonourright afragmentofacolumnembeddedin theearth,closetothewall.Itcommemoratesthemiraclethattookplace atthefuneraloftheBlessedVirgin Mary',whentheJewstriedtoinsulther mortalremains.Thistradition;s veryancient,andisasfollows:When theApostlesandtheChristiansof Jerusalemwerebearingwithtearsand sorrowthebodyoftheMotherofGod tothetombinGethsemane,amobof Jewsstoppedtheprocession.andrushedwithfuryuponthemortalremains ofherwhohadgivenbirthtoJesus. thelitterhadhisarmparalysed,and

Thewret,:whofirstlaidahandupon theywereallstruckblind.Overcome withterror,theyacknowledgedthe HandofGod,andrepentedoftheir crime,whichhadbroughtuponthem suchvisiblechastisement.Then,at theprayerofthePrinceoftheApostles,whostoodbythelitter,theywere healedbythedivinepower,theirsight wasrestored,andtlydeclaredthemselvesdisciplesofJesusChrist.They followedthemournfulprocessiondown theslopeofMountSion,acrossthe torrentofCedron,andthebodyof Mary'waslaidtorestinthetombat Gethsemane.St.Thomas,arriving afterthetombhadbeenclosedalready somedays,earnestlyimploredthatit mightbeopenedoncemore,sothathe mighthavealastlookupontheface oftheMotherofGod.St.Peter.after muchhesitation,agreedtogranthis request.Thetombwasopened-when Lo!!thesacredbodywasgone.The flowerswerestillthere,theclothsin whichshehadbeenwrappedwere thereandcarefullyfoldedup.But thevirginalbodywasgone.Thusit isthatthebeliefhasgrownamong Christians,anditistheuniversalfeelingoftheCatholicChurch,/MIghitis notanArticleofFaith. -;itthe BlessedVirginMaryis-in bothbodyandsoul.' Ueaveril

"SocietyofSt.VincentdePaul,Wester, Australia"(Jncorporated)

ParticularCouncilMeetsSecond Mondaymonth,EagleChambers,Hay, street,Perth.

CONFERENCES:

ImmaculateConception,meets

ParochialHall,Archbishop'sPal. ace,Tuesdayevenings,8pm. SacredHeart,Highgate,Parochial Hall,Sunday,11a.m.

St.Brigid's,WestPerth,Convent Schoolroom,Tuesday,8p.m.

St.Joseph's,Subiaco,Vestry,after lastMass. StarofSea,Cottesloe,Vestry,altee lastMass.

St.Joachim's,VictoriaPark,Vestry,afterlastMass.

St.Patrick's,Fremantle,Presbytery,Monday,8p.m

St.Anne's,NorthFremantle,Presbytery,Sunday,afterlastMass

St.Mary's,Kalgoorlie,Schoolroom,1015,afterMass.

St.Patrick's,York,School,after eveningdevotions.

St.Patrick's,Maylands,Tuesday, 8pm.

St.Joseph's,Albany,Sunday,after Mass.

St.Patrick's,Meckering,Sunday, afterMass. Societyappealsforclothingforthe needy,suchasclothes,boots,andshoes, whichwillbegiventodeservingcases only.ParcelsmaybeleftatShine's CatholicBookDepot,ornotesentSecretary,ParticularCouncilofSociety.

Telephone395. EIOLDWAY&Co.

(CERTIFICATED).

SportsandPastimes

(By"Wattle" CHICHET.

Saturday'sResults.

NorthPerth122:i,defeatedSubiaco (161and5for41by64runsonfirst innings. WestPerth(104and77,,defeated EastPerth(83and7for611.by19 runsonfirstinnings.

PerformancesofNote.

Batting:A.Christian(N.P.,,80; Hogan(S.L.,,26notout;Thompson (N.P.),26.

Bowling:Edmondson(W.P.,,6for 47;Veryard(W.P.),3for22.

WestPerthv.EastPerth

whichofthegreatlefthander'sefforts withthebatwashisgreatestinnings. WriterwaspresentontheAdelaide OvalinDecember1901whenClem, playingagainstNewSouthWales,ran upachanceless365notout-thethird highestscoreinfirstclasscricket,and thoughthiswasagreateffort,itevidentlyisnotconsideredasgoodashis effortinthefourthTestMatchagainst EnglandontheMelbourneCricket GroundinJanuary,1898,whenherose grandlytotheoccasion,andwonthe gameforAustraliabyscoring188out ofatotalof283-whenitseemedthat thewholesidewouldgoforavery smallscore.Awriterofthedaygave asplendidaccountofthisinnings,and nocricketerorfollowerofthegame canreadhisracydescriptionoftheinningswithoutbeingthrilled.Igive itfully,knowingitwillbewellappreciated:-

Thecricketwasofthepoorestclass. Thebattinglackedlustrethroughout. EastPerth,requiringonly33runsto getaheadoftheiropponents,'onthe firstinnings,andwithfivewicketsin hand,appearedtohaveaneasytask infrontofthem,butinthisinstance appearance-weredeceiving,andthe fivewi tonlygotthebarebaker's dozenruns.Veryardsecured3for 1.4ontheafternoon'splay,andbat* menfoundhimnextdoortounplayable.Thewindblowinghelpedhim considerably,andhisdeliveriesswung acrossinamostdisconcertingfashion. Edmondsonsecuredtwomorewickets,makinghisbag6fortheinnings. Matchaftermatchthisplayeraccountsforafairshareofthebatsmen, andwithEversbehindthesticks,bats. menarekeptfairlyquietwithhiswell knownslows.Aboutthebattingthe leastsaidthebetter:itwassimply aprocessionoffailures. Westssecondattemptwaslittlebetterthanthatoftheiropponents.It wascricketofthemostdrearydescription.Thesideranup77.F. Clarke.with22,top-scored.Hegot hisrunsbyuninterestingcricket,and showedalackofenterprisethroughoutArnoldVeryardgot18,making anicedoubleof18and19forthe match.Hisrunswerescoredslowly, buthegavenochances.Evers,9not out,wasshapingforrunswhenthelast wicketfell.

Pow(5for27)bowledwell;he variedhispacewell,andhadthebatsmenplayingcautiouslythroughout. Watts(2for17)andElliott(1for14) securedtheremainingwickets.

Requiring95runstowin,andwith 45minutesinwhichtoaccomplishthe task.itcouldbeseenthatEastswere upagainstit.Theywentafterthe runsfromthefirstball,butatcallof timehadonly61ontheboardforthe lossofsevenwickets.Borthwickhit lustilyfor22madeinquicktime,and Watts(runout,101andMcCullagh (10,alsoreacheddoublefigures. Everswasinfineformwiththe glovesthroughoutthematch.Hestumpedtwoandcaughttwo,andonlyallowedthreebyes.Throughouthis workwasexcellent.

NorthPerthv.Subiaco.Leederville.

IntheannalsofAustraliancricket thereisnobattingperformancetosurpassthatbyClemHillto-day.It wasmagnificent,unique.Likeanother Coriolanus,hemightfairlysay,"Alone Ididit!"Theremarkablesensationaldownfallofthefirstfivewicketsof theAustraliansabsolutelystaggered thespectators.McLeod,Darling,Gregory,Iredale,andNobleallgonein lessthananhourforanaggregateof 32."Myonlyregret,"saidoldMr. Trumble,"isthatTrottwonthetoss." Andyet,whenA.E.Stoddartand Trottwentoutontheturfnearthe paviliontospinthecoinandcall, everyloverofthegamewhosupport. edAustraliahadonehopeuppermost inhismind,anditwasthatTrott mightwinthetoss.Thewicketduringthepreliminaryinspectionlooked ofthebillardtableorder,buttheplayerswhocollapsedsounexpectedlystatedthatitdidnotplayuptoappearances.Occasionallyinbygonebig matchesIhavenoticedthattheseeminglyshirtfrontwickethadashadeof moisture,notnoticeableuntiltheball pitched,andthis,sofarasIcanascertain,wasthecaseduringthefirst hourto-day.Still,thereboundoff CharlesMcLeod'spadswasnotdueto anyslightdefectofthepitch;nordo IthinkDarling'sexit,throughthat finecatchbyHearneatthirdman,was causedbyanydefectinthepitch. ThenSyd.Gregorywasbowledbya yorkerfromTomRichardson,who,for thisballatallevents,receivednoaid fromthepitch,Iredalewascaught atthewicketsoffHearne..andNoble wassoldinthepaceofonefrom Hearne,and,playingforwardtoosoon. wascaughtandbowled.Thescoring boardatthisstage,fromanAustralianstandpoint.wasenoughtomake anangelweep-McLeod1,Darling12, Gregory0,Iredale0,Noble4. By luncheontimethisscorehadbeencarriedbyHillandTrottto57,ofwhich Hill'ssharewas37,excellentlycompiled.

With3for32,and161runsagainst them,NorthPerthwas"allout"in theirendeavourtokeepuptheir"unl defeated"record.ArthurChristian, forwhomaplacewaskeptonthe previousSaturday.however,roseto theoccasionandsafelypilotedhisside toafirstinning'svictory.Theevergreenleft-handergot80ofthetotalof 225,andhasrarelybeenseentobetteradvantage.Indeed,theNorth Perthskipperisreallyasplendidman "atapinch."SuchaoneisWarwickArmstrong,whoisrenownedfor effortswhenhissidehasbeenup againstit.andanotherofthesame staminaisClemHill.TheNorth Perthskippt.whileplayingsafecrie. ketthroughouthisstayatthewickets,gavethebestdisplayofbatting oftheseason.Hescoredattherate ofarunaminute,andinadditionto anumberof4's,hittwolovely"sixers." Heishavingagreatseasonbothwith batandball.Hisbattingaveragefor theseasonis56-thehighestintheas. sociation-whilewiththeballhisflguri.1arethebestofthelocaltrundlers."Mac"Evansalsoperformed creditablyforanevenscore.Thompson126,.andRandell(211.werealso amongtherungetters. Lehmann(4for69),Reardon(2for 32).Healy(1for231,andRobinson (1for37'securedthewickets.Fast bowlerPepperall,makingare-appearance.wasnotinform,32runsbeing hitoffhimwithoutsecuringawicket.

To-Day'sGames.

NorthPerthv.Claremont,atSub,ae, WestPerthv.Subiaco-Leederville,at WArA

CLEMHILL.

HisGreatestInnings.

There-appearanceofClemHillin therecentmatchinVictoriahasmade manyreinir,i,centofhisearlydays, andrniniyaretheargumentsasto

wholegatheringroaringapplausein recognitionoftheKentishcrack'sfine pieceofwork.Thepairhadputon nofewerthan165betweenthem,and bytheirstandhadchangedthemiserablefiguresofsixfor58intoseven for223.Trumble's46wasamostopportuneandmeritoriouscontribution, andtheverycordialplauditsbestowed onhimindicatedhowthoroughlythe immensethrongappreciatedthegallantstandhemadewithClem.The latterhadbecometheidolofthehour, andwhenhewasjoinedbyKelly everystrokeoftheyoungSouthAustralianwasasignalfortheoutburst ofrapturousapplause.AlltheeffortsofStoddartandhismenfailed tofindavulnerablespotinthearmour oftheredoubtableClemandhiscomrade,andthetimewenton.andapplauseandapplausewoketheechoes farandnear,andwhenatlengththe lastovercamewithClemandKelly stilltheretheshoutsagainfoundvent withavehemence,equaltothewild triumphantyellwhenClem'scentury wasposted.Hewounduptheday with182(notout).Kellybeing22(not out).. AllthewayinClemwascheered, theclimaxbeingreachedwhenhegot insidethepaviliongate.ThemoreI thinkoverhisdisplaythemoreIam struckbyitsextraordinarymerit.Indeed,itisduetohimtosaythathis inningswillrankashistorical.Duringhisoccupancyofthecreases,for 51hours,hescarcelymadeafaulty stroke,andhistwenty-onefourers werebeauties.Astrikingfeatureof hisgreatinningswasthewayinwhich hesentballstotheboundary,tolong on,andtoleg,byapparentlyamere quickturnofthewrist!Thereseemedtobenoeffort,yettheballtravelledatarattlingrate.Hisoffstrokes weresweetasanut,andcleanasa whistle,andpotaflawisagainsthim intheshapeofachance,exceptavery difficultshowatthewicketswhenhe hadmadeabout60.Onceortwice heseemedtotireabit,andnowonder,fortheheatwasintense,and nearlyalltherunmakingworkwas donebyhim.Hitwellset,nuggety frame,however,wasequaltothestrain ofthelongstay,andthehardwork, andwhenheraninatthecloseof thedayheshapedlikeasprinterout forasprint.CharlieBannerman's165 (retired,hurt)hascountedastheone greatinningsforthepasttwenty years,butnowClemHillhasgoneone better,andhisperformancewillstand alone,incomparable,notonlybecause ofitssingularlyexceptionalmeritas adisplayofbatting,butalsobecause itwasthroughhimthattheAustralian sidewassaved,andtherecoverymade. Youmaytakemywordforitthat ClemHill'sinnings,onthe29thof January,1898,willbetalkedofwhen thesmallestboywhosawitwillbe whitewiththesnowsoftime.Trumble andKellydeservetheveryhighest praisefortheablesupporttheyrendered.IftheyhadnotstoppedClem couldnothaveperformedhisgrand achievement.

AfterlunchTrottdisappeared. caughtatthewicketsoilHearne.The Australianskipperhadbeenatthe wicketsnearlyanhourfor7.The partnershipofTrumbleandHillwill longberememberedwithpleasure, Trumblesoonmadeitmanifestthat hecametokeepupanendwhileHill scored,andIcansaythateachperformedhistaskinamannerthatleft nothingtobedesired.Astheruns camethewelkinrangagainandagain withapplause,andasHillwarmed stillmoretohiswork,andgotsplendid4'stotheoff.totheon,ortoleg. theverysparrowsonthegrassbythe scoringboardseemedtohopwithaddedsprightliness,asifthey,too,recognisedhowgallantlyClem.Hilland Hughiewerefightingforthehonourof Australia.Whothatheardthem willeverforgettheshouts,thelongsustainedhurrahsthatrenttheair whenClem,byalegstroke,gothis hundredoutofatotalof142forsix wickets?Ineverheardanythinglike it.Theapplausewassimplydeafening,andwhenitdiedawaythesilence wasbrokenbyarinker'svoice,which rangout,clearanddistinct,bythe elmtree,"Alto,Mac.thekangaroois still'opping."Thiswasaddressedto thatgrandoutfield.thefamousLancastrian,whosmiledattheaitchlessnessofthebarracker.Againand againStoddartchangedthebowling, butnothingcouldstopHill,whoaugmentedhisscorebysuchdelightful strokesallroundthewicket-wrist)... clean,andcrisp-thatthespectators werefairlyenchantedwithhim.At 197,ofwhichHill'ssharewas137, Storertookoffthepads,Andharta turnwiththeleather,andHillhithim rightawayfortwo4's,thepostingof 200beinggreetedwiththeloudestand heartiestacclamationfromanimmenseassemblage,wroughttothe highestpitchofenthusiasmandexcitementbythegloriousbattingof theyoungSouthAustralian.Norwas Trumbleidle.Nowandthenhe wouldgettotheboundary,ornearit. withoneofthoseelegantoffstrokes ofhis,andeveryonewaslookingforwardtoabigscorefromhim,whenhe pulledoneofStorer'sbetweensquare legandlongon.andMason,running in,tookthechanceingreatstyle,the

Thewholecrowdapplaudedasone' man,andtheEnglishmen,everyone ofthem,gavefull.handddplauditsin honouroftheyoungbattinghero.

TheEnglishmenworkedsplendidly fromthefirsttothelastinbowling andfielding.Haywardwasdelightfultowatch,hisease.accuracy,and celeritywinningheartycommendation onallsides.TheIndianPrincewas firstclassatpoint,onesuperbbitof workinfieldingafasthitfairlybring.ngdownthehouseA.C.Maclaren intheoutfieldwasfleetasaracer,and pickedupandreturnedwithmathematicalcorrectness.Mason'sfinecatch whichdisposedofTrumblewasonlyin keepingwithhiscleverfielding throughout,andDruce,Johnnie Briggs,Hearne,andA.E.Stoddart wereallthere.Storerwiththegloves wasAl,eithercloseuporatshort stop.IndeedtheEnglishmenhave neverfieldedbetterthantheydidon thisoccasion.Hearne,Ithink,bowledbestofthelot,buteverymanwho toedthecreasewasagenuinegrafter. StoddartbowledsowellthatIthink beshouldhavekeptonlonger.liy theway,atlunchtimesomeonewished tospeaktohim.andA.E.said,"Excusemejustafewminutes,willyou? Imustlookaftermytiredbowlers," andglancingatthelargebottleof Pommeryunderhisarm,hepassed intothedressingroomtogivethe bowlersawell-earneddraughtofthe nectar. Thevastcrowdbehavedverywell. Oneortwobarrackersoftheinsulting orderhadtobeejectedfromthe ground,andIcongratulatetheM.C.C. onthestepstheytooktopreventbarrackersofthissorthavingafreehand. Onthesecondday,Monday,31st. January,everyonehopedtoseeClem HilltopW.L.Murdoch's211,and thereforeeverystrokemadeby-the youngSouthAustralianwasgreeted withloudapplause.Hewasnot, however,destinedtoeclipsetheMur dochiandoublecentury,foraft, reaching188,ClemputoneofNear', upintheslips,andA.E.Stoddart tookaneasychance.Thescorestood at283.andClerri'sportionwas18S.

AuntBessy'sCorner

MyDearChildren,IhavealotofAuntBessycards readyfordistribution.Iwanttoget themintocirculationatonce.Now thatthewarisover,weshouldsettle downtodoingsomethingbigthis yearforSt.Vincentandthe"Wee Ones."Theyarealwayscallingtous. TheDivineInfantwillrememberevery kindlyactthatisdoneforthem,and willrewardthedonorinHisown sweetway.

Sendtomeforone,mybigfriend, andmylittlefriend,andbyyourcharityhelptomakeournextyear'sfund aworthytributetotheDivineInfant. InHisname1re-openourAuntBessy Fundfor1919.Whowillsendmea donation?Senditatonce,thatwe maybeginatonce.-Yourloving, AUNTBESSY.

FAVOURRECEIVED.

O.C.sends2/6forLittleFoundlings forfavourreceivedthroughintercessionofSt.Anthony.

M.T.sends5s.forFoundlingsfor favoursreceivedthroughSacredHeart, OurLadyofPerpetualSuccour,and St.Rita.

"M.M.,"Bunbury,sends2/6for "weeones"forfavoursreceived throughSt.Anthony.

S.O'B.,SouthernCross,sends5s.for theLittleFoundlings,ingratitudefor favoursreceived. E.deM.,Boulder.sends10s.forthe LittleFoundlingsinthanksgivingfor favoursreceived.

Mrs.Maliansends forLittle Foundlings,inthanksgivingforfavoursreceivedthroughtheLittleFlower. "C.M."sends5s.forLittleFoundlings.

NewNorcia,February3.1919.

DearAuntBessy,-Justafewlines toletyouknowthatIamquitewell. andhopingthisnotewillfindyouthe same.Ienjoyedmyholidays,very much.Ourscholarsarecomingback to-morrow,andwearestartingschool onWednesday.IwenttoFremantle fortwoweeksandahalf,butIdid notgetthechancetogoandseeyou. WhileIwasinFremantleIgotnews thatmybrotherAndrewwasreturning.andIgotoverjoyed.HelandedinAustraliathesamedayhesailedthreeyearsago.Wehadletters fromourotherbrotherlastSaturday week,andhewasjustgettingover theinfluenza.Isn'titaterrible thingtohave?Kathleenwentaway fortwoweks'holidayyesterday,and nowIhavegottomindtheshop.We havebeenhavingveryhotweatherup herelately.Wehadadanceherelast Fridaynighttowelcomemybrother home,atwhichspeechesweremade andabanquetgiveninhishonour. Well,dearAuntBessy,asIamvery busyintheshop,1willsaygoodbye.Withlovetoyouandthewee ones.-Yourlovingnephew. PATLANIGAN.

SoIthankyoufortheinvitetoDenmarkandpleasuresImighthavehad. 1amgladyouaregladtobebackat schoolagain.Whenaboyisgladthat way-heisboundtodowell.-Your AUNTBESSY.

Symmons-street,Bunbury.

February4,1919. DearAuntBessy,-Ihavenotforgottenyou,althoughitisalongtime sinceIwrotetoyou.Ourschool startedagainonMonday,andIam notsorry.IenjoyedtheXmasholidaysverymuch.Ihope;helittle babiesarewell.andalsoyourself.I don'tseeanycomplaintsaboutthe rheumaticsinyourletters,soIsupposetheyhaveleftyouforawhile.I havenothingmoretowriteabout thistime,sowillsaygood-bye.Love toyourselfandtheweeones,anda strokeforTabby.-Yourlovingniece, NIL'RIELMETCALF. P.5.-IamenclosingP.N.for2/8 forfavourreceivedthroughSt.Anthony.

MydearMuriel,-Itisapleasureto knowthatyouhaven'tdiscardedme altogether,andthatyouarestillinterestedinthe"weeones."Theyare well,andIamwell(Godbepraised forallHisgreatmerciestous).The rheumatismisofftheslatenow,Iam verypleasedtosay.Iileftsome timeago,andIneveraskedSt.Anthonvtofinditagain.Aren'tyou glad?Tabbygotyourstroke;the lazyoldthingjustshuthis eyes and dozed.Thankvouverymuchforthe P.N.Writeoftener.becauseIwant youtotakeacollectingcardfromace shortly.-Yourloving, AUNTBESSY.

Donnybrook,February7,1919.

DearAuntBessy.-Isupposeyou reallythinkIhaveforgottenyou,as itissolongsinceIhavewrittento you,Iamnowgoingtotellyou howIspentmyChristmasholidays. wenttoPerthforafortnight.Itwas veryfunnytoseethecityfolkgoing abouttownincabs,mourningcoaches etc..becausethetramswerenotrum ning.Isupposetheywouldthinkit agreattrialiftheyhadtowalk.We countryfolkdidnotminditinthe least.Well,infact,IthinkIenjoyed thewalkabout,aswedonothave suchluxuriesastrainsinthecountry. WenearlyalwaysuseShank'spony.I alsowenttoJarrandalefornearlya fortnight.ThetwoSundaysIwas theretherewasMass,andwhenI askedAuntywhowasthepriestIgot agreatsurprisetohearthathewas FatherO'Grady. Iwasnearlygoing uptohaveatalktotheEditorofthe -Record.-butwasahittooshy.I havestartedschoolagain.andIam veryglad,asIgottiredofbeinghome doingnothing. Iwillhavetowork inearnestnow,asIampreparing;o goinfurtheIntermediateexaminationofmusic. Ihavepassedtwo musicexams.,andtwotheoryexams. withhonours.Theweatherhasbeen veryhotuntiltheselastcoupleo; dates,whenithasbeenverycold: anybodywouldthinkwewereatthe NorthPole.Wehadtomuffleourselvesupsomuch.Wealsohadagood downpourofrain,whichlivened thingsup,andmadethegrasslook niceandgreen.Well,dearAuntBessy, Iwillnowdrawmylettertoaclose. Withbestlove.--Yourlovingniece, EILEENTHOMPSON.

Iamgladyouhavewritten,my dearEileen,andgladderstillthat there'shumourinyou.Youstruck Perthinjustahappymoment.The tramstrikehadchangeditsusually gravecommercialappearanceinto somethinglikeacomicoperascene. Everysortofconveyancefromarheumaticspringcarttoahalf-mourning coachwasputintorequisition,'ind everybodypaidupbigfareswitha smile.Shank'sponywasallIcould get,butIamgladtosayIfoundmyselfequaltothetaskofdoingahalfhour'swalkwithease.Whatapity youdidn'tinterviewtheEditorofthe "Record"whenyouweresoverynear tohimatJarrandale-heisalways lookingforinformation,andhewield havebeeninterestedtoknowyouwerefromDonnybrook.FancyEileenbeingtooshytotalktoanEditor.Nobodyseemstohavethatweakness. EverybodywantstospeaktotheEditorandgivehimthelatestnews.Editorsarenotshy,andtheyareakt'ays pleasedtomeetpeople;meetingpeople iindgettinginformationistheirbusi'tess,anditkeepsthemfromgetting

Delightedtohearyouarequitewell, "asthisleaveimeatpresent."mydear Pat,andthatvouenjoyedyourholidaysverymuch.Iamverymuchdisappointed,Pat,thatyoudidn'tcall andseemewhenyouwereinFremantle,butIcanforgiveyouwhenI knowhowoverjoyedyouweretowelcomeAndrewonhissafereturnfrom thegreatwar.Youhadgoodfortune inyourway,mydearPat,andIam gladyourtwobrothersaresafeand wellafterallthedangerstheypassed through.Sovouareshop-keeping whilstKathleenishavingaholiday? Youaregettingimportant,Pat,and perhapsyou'llnotbewantingtowrite tomeafteralittlewhile. Ishallbe sorrythen.PerhapsKathleenwill varythepleasuresofherholidayby writingmealongletter.It'salong whilesinceIhadtidingsofher.Now, mydearPat,lestImightbeinterrupt- ingyoutoomuch-andIknowyou areabusyperson--I'llsaygood-byefor thepresent,andsendyouandKathleenandAndrewloveandgoodwishes. -Yourloving. AUNT13ESS1-. Scotsdale.Denmark.W.A. February7.1919. DearAuntBessy.--Theweather downherehasbeenveryhot,butwe havegotthewelcomerainatlast.I sawyourphoto.inoneof"Records." WearehavingtheDenmarkShowon Wednesday,February 12th.You oughttocomeforatripandseethe lovelyDenmarkShow.Therearetwo specialtrainscoming,soyoushould come.OurschoolopenedonMonday. afteroursixweeks'holiday.andIam gladtobebackatschoolagain.. Yourlovingnephew. JERRYHAIRE. AlwaysPleased.mydearJerrywhen yourletter,longorshort.comesmy way.Denmarkmustheatcryfay- ouredplacewhentheraincloudsbreak uponitsofrequentlyinthesurmnT time.SomebodytoldmeJup:ter Pluviusfillshisoldwatercantherein thewintertimeandemptiesitagain withtremendousenergyovereverythingandeverybody.Thenalotof queerEnglishisused,andtheoldman getsfearfullydisparaged.Reallyand truly,Jerry,Iwouldhavebeenglad tohaveseentheDenmarkShowon the12th.,butIcouldnotgetaway fromPerth.Iamsureyouwould havetakencareofmeandpilotedme throughallthefairspotsroundabout.

lonely.Soyousee,Eileen,youneed nothavebeensoshy.Iamgladyou havebeensosuccessfulwithyour musicstudies,andIhopetohearof furthersuccesses.-Yourloving, AUNTBESSY.

Donnybrook,February7,1919. DearAuntBessy,-Ihavenotwrittentoyouforsuchalongtimebefore Christmas.Wehadsixweeks'holidaythisyear.andIspentamerryChristmas.Nearlyeverydayweused togobathingintheriver,andIlearnt toswimanddive.OnJanuary4th,I wenttotherailwaypicnicinBunbury.Itwasalovelyday-niceand cool,withalittlebreezeblowing.We leftDonnarbrookatnineo'clock,and gottoBunburyat11a.m.Wewent uptothepicnicgroundsandstayed tilltwoo'clockintheafternoon.We heardthebandplaying,anditwasso nice.Wehadteaonthejetty,and thenwentuptothestationtogo home.WereachedDonnybrookat eighto'clock.justasit.wasgetting dark.Thenextday1wasverytired indeed,butIsoongotoverthat. I wasgettingtiredofholidays,andwas gladtostartschoolagain.Everythinglookedverydrydownthisway, butwehadalittlerain,whichfreshenedeverythingup.Itlookedvery cloudythismorning,too.Well,Aunt Bessy,Iwillsaygood-bye.-Yourlovingniece, VENACOLEMAN. Oh,Vena.dear,youdon'tmeanto sayitsyourselfthatiswritingtome aftersuchalongsilence?Iamso gladtheholidaysandthevisittoBunburybroughtmebacktoyour thoughts.Ihopeyouwillwrite oftener.MylittleDonnybrookfriends usedtoalmostsmothermewithletters,nowtheycomejustlikebank notes.Iwasverypleasedtoread thatyouenjoyedyourvisittoBunbury. Ihadaweekbytheseaside duringtheholidays,buttherewasn't muchpleasureinit-somuchheatand somanypeoplethatIwasgladtoget backtothehum-drumagain.Ihope tohearfromyouoftenerthanever duringthisyear.mydearlittleDonnybrookfriend,andIhopeyou'llround upthestragglersandgetthemupto theinkbottle.Iusedtobeproudof theattentionsofmyDonnybrookcorrespondents.It'sapitytimemakes peoplecareless-otherwiseTimeis fairlydecent.-Yourloving, AUNTBESSY.

TheCathedralofArras

AVISITTOTHERUINS.

ByCaptainLordDunsany.

OnthegreatstepsofArrasCathedralIsawaprocession,insilence, standingstill. Theywereinorderlyandperfect lines,stirringorswayingslightly. Sometimestheybenttheirheads, sometimestwoleanedtogether,butfor themostparttheyweremotionless.It wasthetimewhenthefashionwas justchanging.andsomewerenewly attiredinshiningyellow,whileothers stillworegreen. Iwentupthestepsamongstthem. theonlyhumanthing,formenand womenworshipnomoreinArrasCathedral,andthetreeshavecomeinstead;littlehumblethingsallless thanfouryearsold,ingreatnumbers, throngingthestepsprocessionally,and growinginperfectrowsjustwhere stepmeetsstep.Theyhavecometo Arraswiththewindandtherain; whichentertheaislestogetherwhen. evertheywill,andgowhereverman went;theyhavesuchareverentair. theyounglimesonthethree.flightsof steps,thatyouwouldsaytheydidnot knowthatArrasCathedralwasfallen onevildays,thattheydidnotknow theylookedonruinandvastdisaster, butthoughtthatthesegreatwalls opentostarsandsunwerethenatural andfittingplacefortheworshipof littleweeds.

Behindthemtheshatteredhousesof Arrasseemedtoclusterabouttheca-thedralas.onemightfancyeasily, hurtandfrightenedchildren,sowistfularetheirgapingwindowsand,old grayemptygables,somelancholyand puzzled.Theyaremorelikealittle oldpeoplecomeupontrouble,gazing attheirgreateldercompanion,andnot knowingwhattodo.

TheSadFactsofArras.

ButthefactsofArrasaresadder thanapoet'smosttragicfancies.

InthewesternfrontofArrasCathedralstandeightpillarsrisingfrom theground;abovethemstoodfour more.Ofthefourupperpillarsthe twoontheleftaregone,sweptaway byshellsfromthenorth;andashell haspassedthroughtheneckofoneof thetwothatisleft.justasabullet might'gothroughadaffodil'sstem. Theleft-handcornerofthatwestern wallhasbeencaughtfromthenorth bysometremendousshellwhichhas tornthewho:ecornerdownina

moundofstone;andstillthewalls havestood. 1wentinthroughthewesterndoorway.Allalongthenavelayalong heapofwhitestones,withgrassand weedsonthetop,andalittletrodden pathoverthegrassandweeds.This isallthatremainedoftheroofofArrasCathedral,andofanychairsor pewstheremayhavebeenintha nave,oranythingthatmayhavehung abovethem.Itwasalldownbutone slenderarchthatcrossedoutagainst thesky,andallwhosawitwondered howitstood.

Inthesouthernaislepanesofgreen glass,intwistedframesofleadhere andtherelingered,likethelonely leavesofanapple-treeafterahailstormninspring.Theaislesstillhad theirroofsoverthem,whichthose stoutoldwallsheldupinspiteofall.

LookingTowardstheAltar.

Wherethenavejoinsthetransept theruinismostenormous.Perhaps therewasmoretobringdownthere, sotheGermansbroughtitdown;there mayhavebeenatowerthere,forallI know,oraspire. Istoodontheheapandlooked gto- wardsthealtar.Tomyftallwas ruin.Tomyrighttwoo 'titsin stonestoodbythesouthern or.The doorhadbeenforcedopenlongago,' andstood,asitwasopened,partly broken.Agreatroundholegapedin thegroundoutside;itwasthisthat hadopenedthedoor.

Justbeyondthebigheap,ontheleft ofthechannel,stoodsomethingmade ofwood,whichalmostcertainlyhad beentheorgan.

AsIlookedatthesethingstherepassedthroughthedesolatesanctuaries,anddownanaislepastpillars pittedwithshrapnel,asadoldwoman. sadevenforawomanofNorth-East France.Sheseemedtobelooking afterthemoundsandstonesthathad opcebeenthecathedral;perhapsshe hadoncebeentheBishop'sservant, orthewifeofoneofthevergers;she onlyremainedofallwhohadbeen thereinotherdays,she,andthe piegeonsandjackdaws. Ispoketo her.AllArras,shesaid,wasruined. Thegreatcathedralwasruined,her ownfamilywereruinedutterly,and shepointedtowherethesadhouses gazedfromforlorndeadwindows.No. Itwasnecessarythatthereshouldbe noarmisticeatall.Noarmisticewith Germans.

TheBoomingoftheGuns. AFrenchinterpreter,withthe Sphinxs'headsonhiscollar,showed meapicturepostcardwiththephotographofthechancelasitwasfive yearsago.Itwastheverychancel beforewhichIwasstanding,onlya littlelowerdown,underthegreat heap. Thoughoneknewtherehadbeenan altarthere,andcandlesandroofand carpet,andallthesolemnityofacathedral'sinterior,yettoseethat photographandstandonthatweedy heap,inthewind,underthejackdaws, wasacontrastwithwhichthemind fumbled.

IwalkedalittlewiththeFrenchinterpreter.Wecametoalittleshrine inthesouthernaisle.Ithad_been allpavedwithmarble,andthemarblewasbrokenintohundredsofpieces, andsomeonehadcarefullypickedup allthebits,andlaidthemtogetheron thealtar.

Andthispatheticheapthatwas gatheredofbrokenbitshaddrawn manytostopandgazeatit;andidly, assoldierswill,theyhadwrittentheir namesonthem;everybithadaname onit.Withbutatouchofironythe Frenchmansaid:"Allthatisnecessarytobringyournametoposterity istowriteitononeofthesestones."

TheWinteroftheHolielizollems. AsIbeginthetaleoPIIruinand wrong,themanwhodidithasfallen. Hisgaudypowerhasstreamedaway liketheleavesofautumn.Histhrone isbare. ThewinteroftheHohenzollernshas come;sceptre.uniforms,starsand courtiersallgone;stilltheworldwill notknowhalfofthebitterwrongsof Arras.Andspringwillbringaikyv timeandcoverthetrenchesvlith green,andthepigeonswillpreen themselvesontheshatteredtowers, andthelimetreesalongthestepswill growtallerandbrighter.andhappier menwillsinginthestreetsuntroubled byallywarlord;bythen,perhaps.I mayhavetold,tosuchascaretoread, whatsuchawardidinanancient town,alreadyromanticwhenromance. wasyoung.whenwarcamesuddenly withoutmercy,withoutpity,outof thenorthandeast,onlittlehouses, carvedgalleriesandgardens.churches, cathedralsandthejackdaws'nests. TelephoneB152.

TheParadoxofIreland

WeaskourReaderswhenontheGoldenMile,alwaystogivepreference toourAdvertisers.

PAULEYBROS.

PRODUCEMERCHANTS.

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UNIONIMPERIALSTOUT, TheSupperDish.

(ByG.K.Chesterton.)

WhenIhadforthefirsttimecrossedSt.George'sChannel,andforthe firsttimesteppedoutofaDublin HotelontoSt.Stephen'sGreen.the firstofallmyimpressionswasthatof aparticularstatue,orratherportion ofastatue.IhaveneverquiteunderstoodwhyititcalledSt.George's Channel:itwouldseemmorenatural tocallitSt.Patrick'sChannel.asit isalmostcertainlythechannelthat St.Patrickreallycrossed.Andthough Ishouldbeenchantedinanabstract artisticsense,toimagineSt.George sailingtowardsthesunsetflyingthe scarletandsilvercoloursofhiscross,I cannotthinkthatjourneyhasbeen, infact,themostfortunateoftheadventure.ofthatflag. Nor.forthatmatter,doIknowwhy itshouldbecalledSt.Stephen'sGreen; orwhytheparliamentaryenclosureat Westminsterisalsoconnectedwith thefirstofthemartyrs;unlessitbe becauseSt.Stephenwaskilledwith stones.Thestonesthatarepiledtogethertomakemodernparliamentary buildingsmightreasonablyberegardedasacairn,orheapofmissies,markingtheplaceofthemurderofawitnesstothetruth. AndwhileitisunlikelythatSt. Stephenwaspeltedwithstatuesas wellasstones,therearestatuesthat mightwellkillaChristianatsight. Amongthesegravenstones,fromwhich thesaintssuffer,Ishouldcertainlyincludesomeofthosefiguresinfrock coatsstandingoppositeSt.Stephen's atWestminster,someofthemcarryingstifflyontheirarmswhatwould appeartobetowelsorlightgreatcoats.Theformermightbeasymbolofthatworshipofwashing,for whichthephariseesandthe"AngloSaxons"havebeendistinguishedin history;orthelatteraninvocationto theEnglishclimate,thatfarnobler thing:butinanycaseIdigress.

TheWhiteHorseofHanoverWearing theGreen. TherearemanysuchstatuesinDublinalso;buttheonewithwhichIam concernedwasatfirstpartiallyveiled fromme:andtheveilwasatleastas symbolicasthevision.Isawwhat seemedthecrookedhindlegsofa horseonapedestal,anddeducedan equestrianstatue;butthefigure,from whereIstood,waswhollyhiddenin thetopsoftreesgrowingrounditina ring;maskingitwithleafycurtainsor drapingitwithleafybanners.But theyweregreenbanners,thatwaved andglitteredallaboutitinthesunlight:andthefacetheyhidwasthe faceofanEnglishKing.Or,rather, tospeakmorecorrectly,aGerman King. "Whenlawscanstay" itwas impossiblethatanoldrhymeshould notruninmyhead,andwordswh:ch appealedtothegreengrowthof nature. "Andwhentheleavesin summertimetheircolourdarenot show."Itwasimpossiblenottofeel thatIhadseenanomen.Iwasconsciousofgreengarlandshungupon greystone;andthewreathswerelivingandgrowing,andthestonewas dead.Somethinginthesimplesubstancesandelementalcolours,inthe sombreimageandthewhitesunlight andtheemeraldtwilightofthetwinklingleaves,heldthemindforamomentinthemidstofamovingcity, likeasigngiveninadream. Itbroughtmetoastandstillinso fancifulafashionthatIdidnoteven gonearerthestatue,orexamineitat allclosely;sothatIcouldnot,ina legalsense,evensweartoitsidentity. Iwastolditwasoneofthefirst Georges;andIhaveeveryreasonto believethatitwas,indeed,theWhite HorseofHanoverthathadthus growngreywithIrishweatherorgreen withIrishfoliage.IhadeveryreasonforrealisingthattheGeorgewho hadreallycrossedtheChannelwasnot thesaint.ButIwasheldstillbya strangeironyofindifference.feeliis howunfathomablytrivialthattritimii hantstatuehadbecome.

GeorgeisDead-theGreenRemains.

Iwonderhowmanypeople,inthe last20years,haveevertroubledto lookatit;haveeverbeenconsciousas Iwasofthecarelessnesstheyfelt.If itfelldown,Iwonderwhetheranybodywouldputitupagain.Idonot know;IonlyknowthatIrishgardeners.orsomeotherIrishhumourists, hadplantedtreesinaringroundthat prancingequestrianfigure:treesthat hadsprungup,sotospeak,andchokedhim,makinghimmoreunrecognisablethanajackin-the-green.jack orGeorgehadvanished;buttheGreen remained.

Aboutastone'sthrowfromthis calamityinstonetherestood,atthe cornerofagorgeously-colouredflowerwal!:.abust,evidentlybyamodern sculptor.withmodernsymbolicornamentsurmountedbythefalconface ofthepoetMangan;whodreamedand

drank,anddied,athoughtlessand thriftlessoutcast,inthedarkestofthe Dublinstreetsaroundthatplace.And vetitseemedtobehisheadthatwas liftedandnothidden;thegayflowersonlyshowedupthisgravenimageasthegreenleavesshutoutthe other:everythingaroundhimseemed brightandbusy,andtoldratherofa newtime.

Itwasclearthatmodernmendid stoptolookathim;indeed,modern menhadcertainlystayedtherelong enoughtomakehimamonument.It wasalmostcertainthatifhismonumentfelldownitreallywouldbeput upagain.Ithinkitverylikelythat therewouldbecompetitionamong modernartisticschoolsofadmitted crankinessandunimpeachablelunacy; thatsomebodywouldwanttocutout aCubistManganinastylelessof stonethanofbricks;ortosetupa VorticistMangantoterrifythechildrenplayinginthatflowerylane. IamsuretheDublinArtsClub wouldhaveviewsonthesubject; "A.E."andMr.W.B.Yeats,andperhapsMr.GeorgeMoore,whoseemto callaloudforstreetfightsabout aesthetics;anappeal-forpikestosettleapointaboutartneedlework,a suggestionofdyingonthebarricades foradifferenceaboutbookbinding. Butinafarplainerandmorepopular sensethaneventhebestaesthetics,I feltthebustofpoorMangantobea partofanewworld,wherethestatue ofRoyalGeorgewasobviouslyonly theruinofanoldone.

And,thoughIhavesinceseenmany muchmorecomplex,andmanydecidedlycontradictorythingsinIreland, theallegoryofthosetwostoneimages inthatpublicgardenhasremainedin mymemory,andhasnotbeenreversed.TheGloriousRevolution,the greatProtestantDeliverer,theHanoverianSuccession,thesethingswere theverypageantandapotheosisof success.Itwasnotmerelythatthe Orangecausehadsucceeded;itwas becauseitsucceededthatitclaimed therighttosucceed.Itwasexpressedasfullyasanywhereintheflorid andinsolentstatuaryoftheperiod,in allthosetumidhorsemeninRoman uniformandrococoperiwigs,shownas prancinginperpetualmotiondown shoutingstreetstotheirtriumphs; onlyto-daythestreetsareemptyand silent,andthehorsestandsstill.Of suchakindwastheimperialfigure roundwhichtheringoftreeshadrisen,likegreat,greenfanstosoothe.a sultan,orgreat,greencurtainsto guardhim.Butitwasinasortof mockerythathispavilionwasthus paintedwiththecolourofhisconqueredenemies.Forthekingwas deadbehindhiscurtains;hisvoice willbeheardnomore,andnomanwill everwishtohearittilltheendofthe world.Thedynastic18thcenturyis dead,ifanythingisdead;andthese idolsatleastareonlystones.Buta fewyardsawaythe'stonethatthe buildersrejectedisreallytheheadof acorner,standingatthecornerofa newpathway,colouredwithflowers andchildren. That,Isuspect,istheprimaryparadoxofIrelandinthemodernworld. Everythingthatwasthoughtprogres siveasaprancinghorsehascometoa standstill.Everythingthatwas thoughtdecadenthasrisenfromthe dead.Allthatseemedtohavereachedaculdesachasturnedacorner, andstandsattheopeningofanew road.Allthatthoughtitselfona pedestalhasfounditselfupatree. Andthatiswhythosetwoimages standatthethresholdofmythoughts aboutIreland;andIrememberthe accidentbywhichtheWhiteHorseof Hanoverhastakenthesemblanceof thewearingofthegreen.

TheleagueofNationsinHistory

(ByProfessorA.

Therehasprobablyneverbeena timeinhumanhistoryinwhichverbal homagehasnotbeenpaidtothe blessingsofpeace:andnoconqueror hasbeensowarlikebuthehasprofessedithisultimateobject.Even Napoleonwasfondofexpoundingat St.Helenahislifelongplanforperpetualpeace.Menhasdifferedover themeansofsecuringit.Totheconquerortheobviousmeanshavealways seemedtobetheconquestofhisenemiesandthesupremacyofhiswill; andsometimespeacehasbeensecured inthisway.

AlexandertheGreatnearlyestablisheditforabriefmomentbeforehis death,andRomesucceededbymeans ofherEmpireinmaintainingpeace, exceptforborderandoccasionalcivil wars,throughoutthecivilisedworld forcenturies.

ThatpeacehauntedtheMiddleAges, andthePapacy-"theghostofthe RomanEmpiresittingenthronedon theruinsthereof'-soughttomaintain itbyitsspiritualauthority.Butthe declineoftheCatholicidealofunity inthecivilisedworld,andtheriseof theindependentnationalStatewhich broughttheMiddleAgestoaclose, banishedperhapsforeverthatsolutionoftheproblem,andpresentedit underthemodernformofhowtocreatepeaceoutoftheconflictofnational ordynasticambitions.

ThenationalStateemergedfrom theMiddleAgesundertheguiseand guidanceofpersonalmonarchyand amidtheclashofreligiouswarswhich followeduponthebreakdownofCatholicunityunderthePapacy.But warsofreligion,despitetheproverbialbitternessoftheologicalhatred, provedmoreamenabletopacifictreatmentthandynasticorcommercial rivalry;andowingeithertothecompetitionoftheseotherantagonismsor totherealisationthatwarafterall couldnutsolvetheologicalproblems, theeraofreligiouswarsclosedin1648 withthePeaceofWestphalia.

TheInkWasHardlyDry.

Buttheinkwashardlydryonthat treatyofpeacewhentwoProtestant 'nations,EnglandandHolland,flewat oneanother'sthroatsoverthecarryingtradeoftheworld,andthecity ofLondonrespondedtothecrydelendaestCarthagointheinterestsof theNavigationActs.Thecombatantspaidthepricefortheirstrifein thecommonterrorwithwhichthedynasticambitionofLouisXIX'.sooninspiredthem,andthatdangerwasonly laid,afteragenerationofEuropean war,attheTreatyofUtrechtin1713. Thecostofthesewarshadbynow beguntoproducesomeimpressionon themindsofmen.Efforts,indeed, hadlongbeenmadetolimittheinjuryandthesufferingtheyinvolved, andearlyintheseventeenthcentury Grotiusstrovetosystematiseprevious attemptstocreateaninternationai law;butthefactthatitsproblems remainto-dayessentiallywhatthey wereinthesixteenthcenturyshows howlittleprogresshasbeen-made; andthemixtureofliteratureandethicswhichwecallInternationalLaw stilllacksthesanction giveitany realeffect.

F.Pollard.)

Stateswereregardedaspersonalproperty.Forgreedactswithdirecter forceuponanindividualthenupon theaveragememberofacommunity, andtheproprietarynotionofthe Stategaveitsownerapersonalinterestinitsaggrandisementwhichwas fataltoallschemesforpreventing warsofaggression. ThefutilityoftheearlyeighteenthcenturyCongresseswasfollowedby anotherseriesofwars,anditwasnot untiltheanti-monarchialmovementof thought,stimulatedbytheAmerican WarofIndependence,gatheredforce, thatamoredemocraticconceptionof the"EuropeanRepublicl"asSt. Pierrehadcalledit,becamepossible. VoltaireandRousseauinFrance,BenthaminEngland,andKantinGermany,advocatedmorepopularforms ofgovernmentthanpaternaldespotismasessentialtothemaintenanceof internationalpeace. TheFrenchRevolution.

ButtheFrenchRevolution,pacifist thoughitwasinitsearlierstages, provokedaconflictwithmonarchical Europe,andunderthestressofwar becameasmilitaristasitsopponents.

Europewastobeforciblyconverted tobeliefinthedoctrinesoftheRevolution,andtheforcibleconquest, withpeacedependentuponacquiescenceinitsarbitrarywill.Theproblemofpeacebyconsentseemedas farfromsolutionasinthedaysofthe RomanEmpire.

Butnationalityhad,sincetheMiddleAges,acquiredastrengthwhich evenNapoleoncouldnotdestroy.No nationalStatehasbeenpermanently crushedbyforceofarms,savePoland, sincethenationalStatewasevolved; andthemoraloftheNapoleonicwars isthatpeacemustdependforitssecurityanditspermanencenoutponconquest,butuponconsentbetweenladestructiblenations.Europetooksome stepstowardtherealisationofthisconditionafterNapoleon'sfall,butthe successofitseffortswasimpairedby discordoverthemeansbywhichpeace wastobeenforcedandoverthearticlesoftheEuropeanassociation.The, Restorationwasnotmerelyoneof peaceaftertheNapoleonicwars,but oneofligitimistgovernmentafterthe RevolutionandtheregimeofNaporulers;andtheCongressofViennain1814-15wasdistractedbythe twodiverseaspectsoftheproblembeforeit.Itwasacongressofprinces, notofpeoples,andmostsovereigns werenotunnaturallyconvinced,after theirrecentexperience,thatwarwas theoutcomeofrevolution,andthat peacecouldbebestpreservedbyprovidingagainstinsurrection..Thisline ofthoughtledtotheHolyAlliance, whichhasalmostbycommonconsentbeenconfusedwiththeQuadruple AllianceofthefourgreatPowers,Britain.Russia.Prussia,andAustria, whichoverthrewNapoleonandactuallykeptthepeaceforsomeyearsafter hisfall.

Academicattemptstocreateaninternationalforcebehinditwereoccasionallymadeintheseventeenth century.InhisoldageSully.the greatMinisterofHenryIV..orperhapstheAbbewhoeditedSully's memoirs.concoctedafictionaccordingtowhichQueenElizabethproposedtoHenryIV.a"granddesign," nominallytoensurethepeaceofEurope,butreallytocontroltheHouse ofAustria:andin1713theAbbedeSt. Pierre.whowassecretarytothe FrenchplenipotentiaryatthePeaceof Utrecht,propoundedafurtherscheme foraLeagueofPrinceswithamore impartialobject.Thepresidencyof theLeaguewastobeheldbyeach greatPrinceinturn,thedifferences betweenthecontractingpartieswere tobesettledbyarbitrationorjudicial decisionatacongressofplenipotentiaries.andtheLeaguewastoimpose byforceofarmsthecommonwillupon recalcitrantStates. Congressdidinfactbecomethe(4 deroftheday.Onesat,formally atleast,atBrunswickforyearsto settletheaffairsofNorthernEurope: anothersat,or,asCarlyleputsit."endeavouredtogetseated."fortwo yearsatCambrai,andthenhad"the floorpuledfromunderit"byaclandestineagreementbetweentwoofthe participants;athirdgatheredwith nobettersuccessatSoissonsin1728-9, "Youmust,"CardinalFleuryhadsaid totheAbbedeSt.Pierre,"beginby sendingatroopofmissionariestopreparetheheartsandmindsofthecon tractingsovereigns":andtherewas littleprospectofaLeagueofNations tosecurepeacesolongasnationswere ruledbyirresponsibletn.marchsand

pelleIn1828,Francewasadmitted to thecircle,andtheQuadruplebecame theQuintupleAlliance.Castlereagh wasenthusiasticoveritsprospects;he hailedthesystemofperiodiccongressesas"anewdiscovery"inthe artofgovernment,"atonceextinguishingthecobwebswithwhichdiplomacyobscuresthehorizon,bringing thewholebearingofthesysteminto itstruelight,andgivingtothecounselsoftheGreatPowerstheefficiency andalmostthesimplicityofasingle State."

ButthesingleStatewasnotso simpleashethought.Itdependea foritscontinuanceuponacommon will,andthatcommonwillcouldonly befoundina'compromisebetweenthe reactionofMetternichandthecomparativeliberalismofCastlereagh.The Tsarheldthebalance,anditwasupsetwhenaseriesofmoreorlessrevolutionarymanifestationsinGermany andelsewhere,followedbyamutinyof hisownGuardsin1820,perverted Alexandertothereactionarycauseand threwhimintothearmsofMetter nich. AschismamongtheGreatPowers appearedattheCongressofTroppau in1820,andwaswidenedatthatof Veronain1823.Francedevelopeda disinclinationtoseereactionestablishedinItalybyAustrianarms,and GreatBritaintoseeingitre-establishedinSpain(andstillmoreinthe SpanishAmericanColonies)byFrench arms.TheFrenchRevolutionof1830 finallyseveredFrancefromthecause ofreaction,andtheQuintupleAlliance wasthusreducedtoaTripleAlliance ofthethreeautocratsofRussia,Prussia,andAustria,whohadsignedthe originalHolyAlliance.Thistended tocreateandperpetuatetheconftsion betweenthetwoAlliances. ShornoftheLiberalelementsin theircoalition,thethreeautocracies continuedtorepressreform,andthus toprovokerevolution,untilthegeneralconflagrationof1848.TheirconductmadetheconfederationofEurope abyword,andnationalismenlisted derCanning'sstandardof"Every nationforitself,andGodforusall." Governmentshadtopurgethemselvesofautocracybeforethenations wouldfavourtheircombination;peoplesmightcombinethemselves,but theyhadnoloveforacombinationof masters.

peopleshadconqueredtheiraggressive impulse,andleftthatfrontierunab. fendedexceptbymoralrestraint. Peaceandforbearancecan,however, onlybemadebetweenthosewhoconsenttoforbear,andconstraintbyforce istheonlyremedyforthosewhocannotorwillnotrestrainthemselves. TheLeagueofNations,ifitisto succeed.'mustbebaseduponacommonwilltomaintainthepeace,anda commonreadinesstorepresstheambitionsofthosewhoseektobreakit. NoLeaguehasyetsucceededbecause menhavehithertobuilttheirStates andChurchesontheirdifferencefrom othermen;andhewhowouldfound aLeagueofNationsmustbaseiton theircommoninterestinpeace.Insteadofabalance,weneedacommunity,ofpower,withnoimmunityfor anyonefromitsobligationsanditsresponsibilities.

MOTORCAR

TobacconistandStationery, Shaving,Haircutting. ModeratePrices

Hay-street,opp.Foy's,andWellington. street.

MOANACAFE

HAY-STREET,PERTH. ForAfternoonTeaandSuppers. BeautifullyAppointedandTastefully Served.

TheJ.BENDON

TheHo:yAlliancewasinspiredby theTsarAlexander.amonarchwith amindalmostasnebulousasthato: hislatesuccessor.Hewasnotwithoutliberalleanings,hewasdevoted topiety,andeventalkedofthesacred rightsofhumanity.Buthecouldnot helpbeinganautocrat,eventhough heregardedhimselfasmerelyavicar ofGod,theonlySovereignofthe world.

OnSeptember26,1815.hepersuaded hisPrussianandAustriancolleagues to signwithhimtheActoftheHoly Alliance,inwhichtheyspokeoftheir peoplesasbeingbranchesofoneChristiannation.announcedtheirconvictionthatStates'nolessthanindividualswereboundbytheprecepts01 Christianity,promisedtoregulate therebytheirdomesticandforeignpolicy.andundertooktorendereach otherassistanceineverycaseandin everyplace.Itwastobeauniversal unionofChristianfathersofnational fathers,andGeorgeIV.andthePope weretheonlyChristianprinceswho didnotsubscribe.ButtheHolyAllianceeffectednothing.Itheldno congresses,passednoexecutivemeasures,developednomachinery,and leftthepracticalworkofmaintainine peacetotheQuadrupleAlliance.

TheQuadrupleAlliance. Thiswasabusinesslikecombination moretothetasteofCastlereaghand theBritishGovernment.ItwasformulatedatChaumontinMarch.1814, byGreatBritain,Russia,Prussia.and Austria.andwasconfirmedwithadditionsandmodificationsatvarious timesuntilitreceiveditsfinalshape attheSecondTreatyofParis.onNovember20,1815.Thefourgreat Powersboundthemselves,notbt-a vagueconfessionofLegitimistfaith, butbyspecificagreements.andarrangedtomeetatperiodiccongresses totransacttheirbusiness.Atthefirst ofthesec,ingre,ses.heldatAix-la-Cha-

EffortstoInternationaliseEurope. Itwas,however,noeasythingfor democraciestocombine.Effortsmade inthelatterhalfofthenineteenth centurytointernationaliseEurope wereduetosectionalimpulse.There wastheattemptofgovernmentsand diplomatists,withoutmuchpopular backing,tocreateandmaintainaConcertofEurope;therewasthemiddleclassandcommercialmovementcalledFreeTrade;andtherewastheInternationalSocialisttendency,which wasdirectednotsomuchagainstwar asagainstcapitalism. ItisclearthataLeagueofNations. cannotbebasedonTreitschke'sidea oftheState.TheState,accorams, tohim,ismight,andhas"therightto mergeintoonethenationalitiescontainedwithinitself."Itisnotby repression,butonlybyexpressionof nationalitythataLeagueofNations canbeformed;fornationalityhas cometostay,andthepurportofa LeagueofNationsistoprovidemeans fortheexpressionofnationalityin anyformbutwar.Youthfulexuberancetendstoexpressitselfincombat. butinmaintainingpeacewedirectthe vigourofmenintomorefruitfulchannelsthanmutualdestruction. ThenationalStateisbuiltonthat foundation;butsofarwehavefailed intheinternationalsphere,andwar haspervertedcolossalenergiesfrom constructivetodestructivepurposes. Thefailureinthenineteenthcenttire waslargelyduetoaperversionofthe balanceofpower.ToCastlereagh andhiscolleaguesthatphrasemeant the"justrepartitionofforceamongst theStatesofEurope,"asortofrationingofpowerbyagreement;ithas cometomeanabalancebetweentwo groupsofallies,or,inotherwords,betweentwopartieswhich,intheabsenceofacontrollingcommonwillor super-State,involvesapermanent raceforarmamentsbreakingoutinto recurrentcivilwar.

TheTripleAlliancewasoneLeague ofNations,theEntentewasanother; andtherecentconflictprovestheir futilityofLeaguesofPeace.forifit takestwotomakeaquarrel,ittakes twotokeepthepeace,andnoLeague ofNationscankeepthepeaceifthere isanotherbentonwar.TheConcert ofEuropebrokedownliketheQuintupleAlliancebecauseofthelackofa commonwill.

Totheorganisationofthatcommon willmanyeffortsinrecenttimeshave beendirected.Itwillnotcome throughthe-conquestofothersunless wealsoconquerourselves.Agood exampleisthepeacewehadhadfor acenturyonthefrontieroftheUnited Sta!esandCanadawithoutanycostin life,limbortreasure,becausethetwo

"Sure.youlooklikemygrandson,"he added."'Tisthefeedingyou'vehad, sir,andthecare.Forty'stoooldfor aquaylabourer."

"Letmesee-youcomefromthe CountyTipperary?" "NearthefootoftheKeeperMountains.'Twasalovelylittleplacewe hadthere.Coolmorewasthenameof thevillage.You'vemaybeheardofit. There'sgreatfishingthereintheCoolbeg."

"Iwasthereonce.Averydifferent placefromthis,Connors."

"You'reright,doctor.Well,sure.God helpus-'tisofteneasyenoughtobe steppin'outofaplacean'notsoeasy tobesteppin'back.WhatwouldIbe butadisgracefuloldghostgoin'back amongthem.'TwasdifferentideasI hadonce,whenIthoughtofbringin' themhomeabagofgold.Ah,thank youkindly,doctor.'Tisverygoodof you." Thedoctorhadheldanopentobacco pouchunderDan'snose.Dantooka fillwithtremblingfingers,andlooked upatthedoctor,suddentearsinhis eyes.Itwasn'toftenyoumetwith anyhumanityinsuchadesolateold place.

AnOldWastrel

(ByKatharineTynan.)

OldDanConnorswassittinginthe workhouseyard.Therewasastarved thorn-treeoverhishead,andithad justcomeoutinnewleaf.Perhaps thatwaswhatmadehimthinkofOld Bawn.Therewasn'tanothergreen thingvisibleinthegreatstonyyardof theworkhouse,exceptitmightbea hardygrass-bladethatpusheditshead upbetweenthestones,imaginingthat itwasgrowingintoafield,onlytobe crushedflatbytheshuffledfeetof theworkhouseinmates. Theyallshuffledmoreorless.They wereadisgracefullot,tooldDan's thinking,thoseable-bodiedmenand women,whoshuffledaboutontheir unwillingemployment.Theywere mostlyfatwiththefatnessofidleness andanignoblecontent.Asawoman cameinhisview,herhandsrestingon herenormouships,hertow-colored hairpulledbackfromherred,flabby face,herwholepersonhideousinthe workhousegarbofcoarsebluewoollen stuff,oldDangroanedaloud,making thewomanpausetoaskaribaldquestion. ItwasnotsuchwomenoldDanwas accustomedto;andinspiteofallthe upsanddownsofhislifehehadkept acuriouslyfastidiousandinnocent mindaboutwomen.Hehadnever married,buthisexperienceshadbeen fortunateones.Hegroanedagain, thistimetakingcaretolookabout himfirsttoseethatnoonewasin sight,asherecalledtheolddaysin Ireland,hismotherandKittyandNora andBrideen,andEilyDriscoll,who wasdeadlongago,whomighthave beenhiswifeandkepthimstraightft onlyshe'dstayedinitandnotbeen soquicktogettoheaven.Hehada wanderingdropsomewhereinhim,and Eily'sdeathhadunsettledhim,cut himadriftfrohismoorings.The oldplacehallcomedullandstrange withEily'sdeath.Therestlessness hadcomeuponhim,andhehadgone oilinthefollowingspringtoAmerica, wheretherewasachanceforaman andacrowdtobeforgettingin,not thedeath-in-lifeofOldHawn. Sohehadsaidthirtyyearsago.Now, sittingintheworkhouseyard,he * recallashehaddonemanyatimebefore_IdHawn,lookingatitthrough the,dimeyesofhisspiritasthough he'lookedintoParadise.Therewas thelowwhitehouseunderitsthatch, withitsbackgroundoforchard-one gableopeningonagreenoldgarden, theotheronthestack-yardandcattlesheds,fullofgoldencorn,ofredand whiteCattle,.Hecouldseeasplainly asthoughhehadleftitonlyyesterdaytheplacid,white-washedkitchen. withitsred-ochredtiles,thesettle againstthewallunderthelittlelatticewindowthatopenedintotheorchard,thedresserfullofcrockery,the chairsoftwistedstrawbythefireside inwhichthefatherandmotherhad sat,theflitchofbaconai*1thedrying herb,abovethefireplace.thechimney shelfwithitsrowofbrasscandlesticksallshiningbright.thewag-bythe-wallclock. Thekitchenopenedontoagreen space.boundononesidebythewall ofthebarnsandoutbuildings.onthe

otherbytheneatprivethedgethat outlinedthelawnwhichlayinfront ofthehalldoor.Arowofsycamores andchestnutswentdownbythe hedge. Sittingthereintheworkhouseyard, hi:oldknottedhandsclaspedonhis stick.hefanciedhimselfsittingon thestonebenchoutsidethekitchen door.Hecouldseetheverylights andshadowscastbythetreesonthe grass.Aflockofyellowducklings camewaddling'tothekitchendoorto befed.Pincher,theIrishterrier, cameoutinaleisurelyindignationand drovethemaway.Herouldhearthe swish-swishofthechurnhandleinthe dairycloseby-. Somethingstruckhimlightly,andhe camebacktothehorribleworkhouse yardthatwaslikeaprison.Hehad droppedasleepperhaps.Oneofthe able-bodiedones,withhumourousintention,hadflungapotatoathimas hepassedandwakenedhimoutofhis happydream. Itwastoobadthatheshouldhave goneandleftthem-he,:theeldestone too.Itwasabadexampleforthe youngerones.Therehadbeenalong lineofyoungeroneswhenheleftdowntoababyinthecradlethree monthsold.Herselfhadbeenafine strongwoman,buthimselfhadnever beenverystrong.Hesupposedboth ofthemweregonelongago.Thirty yearsbroughtsuchchanges. Thirtyyears!Ofsuchalifeashis hadbeen!Ithadbeenarecordofdismalfailure.Hehadgoneoutwitha foolishcertaintyofsuccess.Hehad evenputhisgoingonahigh,unselfish plane.Thereweretoomanyofthem draggingoutofhimselfandOldBawn. Itwasrightthatoneofthemshould gooutandseekhisfortuneandbeable andwillingtoshareitwiththeothers. Therewereelevenchildreninthefamilywhenhehadtakehisdeparture.He wonderedwhathadbecomeofthem all.Hehadasuddenfondmemoryof Dick.alittleladoffour,whohadbeen aspecialpetofhis.Dickwouldbe thirty-fournowifhewasalive.Why, hewasn'tmuchmorethanfiftyhimself.nowhecametothinkofit,onlyhehadhadsuchhardshipsandseenso muchtroublethathewasanoldman beforehistime-likerseventythan fifty-four. Ilehadgoneunderfryinthetime hehadleftthematOldBawn-gone under,notbyanychoiceofhisown, butbecausethingswereagainsthim. Onceortwicehehadbeenontheupgrade.Onceapartnerhadabsconded,leavinghimonlydebtsandangry creditors.Anothertimehissavings hadbeenstolen-eighthundred pounds,whichhehadtoiledhardto earn.Ilehadworkedincrediblyhard. Thehardshiphadagedhimasmuch asanything.Buthewasaninnocent prodigalafterall-scarcelyaworsesin tohisaccountthanafewdrinking boutsinwhichhehadquarrelledand assaultedthepolice.Therewereno shamefulmemoriestocomebetween himandhisfaithingoodwomen.A pooroldwastrel,thatwashowhe thoughtofhimself.Butheneednot beafraidofhismother'seyes,norof

EilyDriscoll'swhentheyshouldmeet inheaven. Ah,thereweregoodwomeninthe world,iftherewereshamefulhussies. TherewaspoorHonorDaly,with whomhehadlodgedthesetenyears back,whosedeathhadsenthimtothe workhouse.Honorhadbeenfondof him.Whenhecouldworkhehad broughtherhiswages.Whenhewas toocrippledwiththerhenmatismto work,shekepthimallthesame-an heroicsoul,withherthreechildren andherhelplesslodgertosupportby standingoverthewash-tuballday. Shewasgonenow,andthechildren werescatteredinvariousinstitutions. HowDanmissedthechildren,tobe sure!Hehadbeenworthhiskeepfor amusingthechildren,HonorDalyhad oftendeclaredinthedaysofhisrheumaticattacks.orwhenthepaininhis backwastoobadtopermithisworkingasaquaylabourer.Someone passingbywithabriskstep,veryunliketheable-bodiedinmates',pulledup infrontofDanConnorsandspoke.It wastheworkhousedoctor,amanwith aruddy,wholesome,out-doorfaceand veryblueeyes-acountrymanof Dan's,too,andamanwithaquick compassionfortheflotsamandjetsamofhumanitythatcamehisway: "Heartbroke."Danwouldhavesaid, withtryingtomendtheworkhouse ways."

"Dreaming.Connors?"hesaid.

Danlookedupathimwitheyesin woichthedreamswereplainlyvisible. "Aye,sir";hesaid."IbelieveIwas backinIreland.Thecolourofyour moustache,now-Ithoughtforaminuteitwas*oldPincher'scoat;'twasthe littlebitofadogwehadathome when1wasaboy."

Thedoctorsmiled.

"Icanseeyou'vecomeofdecent stock,Connors,"hesaid."Isn'tthere someonewouldtakeyououtofthis? Itisn'taplaceforthelikeofyou."

Danlookeddownathiscorduroyed knees.

Thedoctorpassedontobringa breathoftheopenairandatouchof humankindnesstotheoldpeopleid thebedriddenward,whileDansaton underthetree,onceagainlostinhis dreams. Thenextdaythedoctor,passinghim by,droppedanopenpaperacrosshis knees.Danfumbledforhisspectacles, andhavingfoundthem,spreadoutthe sheetandbegantoread. Itwasalittlesheet,notverywell printed,butitmighthavefallen straightfromheavensofarasDan wasconcerned.Why,everybitofit wasset,asthoughwithaclear.shininggem,withawell-beloved'same. Coolmore,Coolbeg,Drumeriskey,Emly, Shanagolden,Derrybawn.Theyleapedoutofthatwonderfullostpastas thoughtheyhadbeensomanyshiningflowers.Itwaskindofthedoctor,soitwas-Godblesshim!The timewouldn'tpass

"Iwasjustwonaerin',"hesaid,"if therewasanyofthemleftinOld Bawnatall.TherewaslittleDick. HewasnomorethanfourwhenI wentoutofit,andaterriblefondchild ofme.Idon'tknowthatI'dlikethem toknowwhereIwas.'Twouldbeaterribledisgraceforthem.TheConnors werealwaysdecentpeople."

ThedoctorprotrudedhislipsrapidlyanddrewtheminagaininacharacteristicgesturewhichDandidnot see. "Ilowoldareyou,Connors?"he asked. "Fifty-fourcomeMichelmas,sir."

"You'resureofthat?"

Thedoctorlookedstartled.aswell liemight.HelookeddownatDan Connors,huddleduponthewooden benchunderthehawthorn,andbelievedhim.Theageofthemanwasmerelysuperficial.Andtherewasnothing wrongwithhimbuttheoverworkand therheumatismthathadresultedfrom exosuretoallkindsofweather.

"I'msurprised,"hesaidkindly "Why,there'sonlytenyearsofdifferencebetweenus.Plentyofmenhave donealotofworkafterfifty-four, You'dbesomeuseyet.Connors,under happierconditions." "1might,"saidDan,humbly,his eyeslookingwithadmirationatthe doctor'sstalwart.gray-cladfigure.

havingthe"TipperaryPress"toread. Why,itwaslikeasthoughsamebody hadopenedadoorintoawonderful lostParadiseandbiddenDanwalkin. Foratimehehovereduncertainly overthepaper,sippingatthesweets, sotospeak.Atlengthhesealedhimselfdownforasteadyreadthroughit. Hewasn'tgoingtogettiredofit easily.Whenhehadgonestraight throughithecouldbeginitallover again.Perhapsthewardrnasterwouli lethimkeepitbyhisbed.Itwould begreatcompanyinthelonesome night,withtheoldpeoplesighingand 'groaningwearilyallabouthint,tohave the"TipperaryPeople"tuckedaway underhismattress.And-whoknew? -Godwasgood-maybeDr.Devhte mightbringhimanotherpapersome day.

Hereadon,andnamesofpeople longrememberedorlongforgotten sprangupoutoftheprintedhueand confrontedhim.Dear,dear!Tothink oldJohnCunninghamwasyetalive anddoingwell!fortherewasarecord ofthesheephehadboughtatanauction.ElsieDoylehadtakenanign placeattheIntermediateExaminations.Hewonderedwouldshebe PeterDoyle'sdaughteratall?Peter andhehadbeenatschooltogether. Thegirshacouldn'tbePeter'sgranddaughter.Surelynot!Why,Peter Wouldbeapersonablemanstill.He'd beaboutfifty-three.Whatwastittythreetothemthathadhadachance ofmindingthemselves?

Hehoveredoverthepaperlikea beeoveraflowerbed,pickingouta namehereandthere.Suddenlyhe swoopedlikethebeeandrested.lie satstaringataname: "AmongthosepresentwasMr.RichardConnors,J.P.,D.C.,P.L.G." Dick!-coulditbeDick?Wasit possibleitwaslittleDick,whohad followedhisbigbrotheraboutwitha dog-likedevotioninthosedayslong gone?AJ.P,too!AJusticeofthe Peace!AndaPoorLawGuardian! Danwasn'tsurewhatD.G.meant. Thatwasanewhappeningsincehis days.LittleDick!Ah,well,sureit wasagreatthingthereweresometo keepuptheoldnameandmakeit honouredandrespectedwhenthere wereothersthatdraggeditinthedust. HewassoelatedbyDick'ssuccess intheworldthathesatinthestray gleamofsunthathadfounditsway overthetopofthehighbuildings. transportedoutofhimselfforthe timebeing.Itkepthimhappyfor allthatclay.Buttheinevitablereactionfollowed.Achillsensecame tohimthatDick'sadvancementhad closedinhisfacethedoorwhichhad letthroughthefaintestchinkoflight. HeimaginedDick'sglories.Inhis daytobeaJusticeofthePeacewas tobeapersonofsocialimportance,to keepacarriage,tofollowthehounds, tobeagentlemaninshort.Greatman. Dick!Danrememberedwhatacute littlecodgerDickhadbeen,evenat fouryearsold.Whatwouldhebedoing.apooroldshabbyworkhouse ghost,ifhecouldreturnintothemidst ofsuchsplendours,butfrighteningthe lifeoutofthemallbyhisreturn?

rheumatismandcouldhardlycrawl outofbed.Buthewasbetteroutof bedthaninbed,forthedaywasthe dayforwashingouttheward,which wasdonewithagreatswishingof 'water,tothegrievousdiscomfortof therheumaticpatientswhomuststay inbed.Hecreptoutthroughtheophthalmicward,wherethepatientswere groaninginmiserybecausethewalls hadbeennewlywhite-washed,andinto theyard,wherehecrawledlikeasick oldflyinthesun. Hewasletalone,beingplainlytco twistedandcrippledwiththerheumatismtodoanything.Hesatfor hoursunderthethorn-tree,wherethe master'sdog,whohappenedtobean Irishterrier,cameandrubbedhimself byDan'sknees,givinghimasenseof companionship.Afteratimehenoticedandwasmovedtoasimplewondermentattheknowledgeablenessof thedog,whowasreputedproudinhis ways,andwellabletodistinguishbetweenanofficialandaninmate.He musthaveknownthatDanwasa countrymanofhisownandmadean exceptioninhisfavour.Dan,withhis handonthedog'slittlehardhead,got somecomfortfromthecompanionship. ItmadehimthinkofPincherlongago atOldBawn.Pincherwouldbedead thismanyayear.DanbegantowonderifanyofPincher'sbloodwereleft init.Theyhadbeenanotablebreed ofIrishterriersandacauseofgreat pridetotheConnorsesofOldBawn. ThedaysslidoverDan'sheadin'a wakingdream.Sometimeshewasvery illateasewithrheumatism.Hehad badnights.Ithadbeennobody's businesstodryhisbedwherethe waterhadbeenflungonit.Thebad nightsmadehimsleepyintheday.He dosedawayagreatpartof.thesunny days,sittingontheseatunderthe thorn-tree,whichwasnowbecoming quitegreen,hisoldknottedhands claspedoverthestickandhischin leaningonthem.

OnceortwiceDr.Devinecaught sightofhimashepassedbrisklyto andfro.andsparedtowakehim.It wasunusuallywarmweatherforMay, andthewarmsunonDan'srheumatic oldboneswasthebestpossibletreatmentforhim.Thedoctorunderstood whyitwasthatDanwasn'ttobe foundwiththeotheroldmenwhere theyshuffledaboutintheirrecreat:on yard.Hesaidtohimselfthathemust remembertoaskthemaster,whowas agoodfellow,toletoldDanhavethe runofhisgarden,andafteratime, whentherheumatismtroubledhim less,tolethimdooddjobsaboutthe garden.

"IfIhadmywill,"saidDr.Devine tohimself,energetically,"thelikeof himwouldneverbeintheworkhouse, anymorethanthechildren.It'sno placeforthedecentoldandthechildren."

thisnewarrival.Hewasabig,burly, broad-shoulderedyoungmaninasuit ofgrey,withasimple,kindly,capable face.Hiseyeswereveryblue.Dan's ownhadoncebeenasbluebeforethey hadfailedandgrownblurredwithfatigueandregrets.Dan'smotherhad hadjustsucheyes. "Afriendtoseeyou,Mr.Connors," saidthedoctor,withanewrespectfulnessofaddress. Danblinkedandstaredatthehandsomeyoungman.Therewassome memoryofthepasttroublinghistired oldheart.Wasit?-no,itcouldn'tbe!

"You'rekindlywelcome,sir,"said Dan,withold-fashionedpoliteness. "Whomightitbe?Idisremember somehow.I'mnotasyoungasI was."

"Why,Dan,don'tyouguesswho1 am?LittleDick."Thespeaker'svoice shook."Ofcourse1couldn'tremember you.1wasonlyfourwhenyouwent away.Noryoume.Butthemother hastalkedtomeofyousooften. 'KeepaplaceforDan,'shesaid,'wheneverhecomeshome.'GlorybetoGod -she'swithusstill.Shewantedto come.butIthoughtitbetternot.I've cometotakeyouhome,Dan."

Afterall,theDanwhoarrivedat OldHawnaweekortwolater,althoughhewasgladofhisyoungerbrother'sstrongarmtoleanupon,wasa verydifferentpersonfromthebroken oldpauperwhohadsatnoddingonthe seatunderthethorn-tree,quiteunawareofthewonderfulgoodfortune thatwasonitswaytohim.Dan,in awell-madenewsuitofclothes,furbishedup,well-caredfor,eventothe flowerinhiscoat,tosaynothingof theeffectofhopeandhappiness,had gonebackalmosttotheproperlooks foramanofhisage.Afterall,one onthethresholdofheaven,new'scapedfromthebittersloughoftheworld -why,tobesureheisnew-made.The workhousewasapageclosedforeverin Dan'slife.NooneexceptDickand themotherknewwhereDanhadbeen deliveredfrom.Thatshadowwas neverlikelytofallonOldBawnand thehonourablepositionDickhadwon forhimself-tosaynothingofthe comelywifeandchildren,andDan's brothersandsisterswhoweremarried andsettledallaboutthecountryand werecomingforafamilyreunionas soonasDan'smeetingwiththemother wasgotover. Why,ifhehadmadehisfortune,as hehadmeanttodo,theycouldn'thave givenhimagreaterwelcome.\Vas thatPincher.orwasitPincher'sgreatgrandson.whoseeyesmetDan'swith agravefriendlinessasheemerged fromthelittlepink-cheekedmother's embrace?Itmighthavebeenold PincherandDanyoungandhopeful again.

Hesupposeditwouldbetheworkhousetotheend-theworkhouseand theassociationwithpeoplewhoseways andwhosewordsrepelledhiscurious naturalinnocence.Hewasmorealoof fromthemthaneverafterhiswonderfuldiscoveryaboutDick,andthey hustledandtrodonhimworsethan needbeastheywentintomealsand onthewayuptobed.Oneofthe paupernursesreportedhimtoanofficialforinsubordination-therenever wasamoregroundlesscharge-andhe wasthreatenedwithpunishmentunless hemendedhismanners. Hismanners!-inthatmannerless, moral:es:,abode!Danhadneverlost hisexcellent.old-fashionedmanners. Theymadehimasoftytotherough lotabouthimandfurnishedareason forhistoesbeingtroddenonandhis ribspunched,tillhebegantoseered andcamenear!learningthethreatenedpunishment. Thepauperattendant,cominginto thewardwheretheoldmenwerebeginningtobrandishtheirsticks,cooled thehotbloodbythrowingcoldwater oversomeofthem.WhetherbyaccidentordesignDangotmorethanhis shareofthewater.Hisangerdied downasthoughithadbeenactualtime Sure,whatrighthadhetobeangry, Godhelphim?Hadn'thedeservedany ill-treatmenthegot,hewhohadflung himselflikeafoolawayoutofOld Bawnintoaworldwhichhadnoplace forhim? Adrearysenseofthefutilityand hopelessnessofitalldescendedupon Dan.Sure,whatweretheyfighting about?--alotofpooroldwastrelsthat thegravemightswallowto-morrow andwe:come!Weren'ttheyallonly cumberingtheearth?Whatwasthe use.oftheirvexingandannoyingeach otherwhentheywereonlyavexation andannoyancetothemthatweredoingtheword'sworkandlivingdecentlyinilonourandesteem? Thenextclayhewasrackedwith'lie

Thatwasafterhehadbecomeaware thatsomeonehadburntDan'slips withamatchasheslept-abrutal jestwhichmighthavehadseriousconsequencesinamanofDan'sage.The perpetratorremainedundiscovered.If Danknewhewouldnotspeak.Dr. Devinerathersuspectedthathedid know. "Itkeepsmefromfeelingtherheumaticssobad,"wasDan'sremarkto Dr.Devine,whowastoowellusedto thewaysofhiscountrymentowonder atthisgoodwrungoutofevil.

But,awakeorasleep,Dan'ssoul wasinOldBawn.The"Tipperary People"hadmadeitallrealandliving asofold.Heseemedtohaveforgottenthegreatstretchoffailureand hardshipthatlaybetweenhimandOld !lawn.Thesunshinethatdazzledhis eyesthroughtheclosedlidsresolved itselfintothegardenofOldBawn, withthesummerhouseinthemiddle ofit,overhungbya,treewhichbore themostlusciousyellowapplesknown thissideofParadise.Therewasthe tree-peonyandtheboxbordersand thegravelpath.andthestoneseatin theprivethedge,andthewhitewails ofthegarden.Orhewasinthefield, andthemountainswereoverhim,and thelittlestreamssinging.Orhewas coininghomeatevening,healthily tiredwiththeworkhehaddespised,to supperintheparlourandadelicious sleepinhisroomunderthethatch. Whatafoolhehadbeenevertoleave it!Whatafool!Afool!Andhis mother,sofairandcomfortableand kindShehadalwaysbeenthereto standbetweenhimandhisfather's severity.Well,hehadrepaidherill.He hadbeenherfavourite.Hewonderedhowshehadtakenhisdisappearance--howlongshehadwaitedand hopedforaletterfromhimorforhis return.Inthelastletterhehadever hadfromhershehadbidhimrememberthathisplacewaitedforhimstill Footstepsonthegravel-pathdisturbedthequietofthenoondayheat.ii openedtiredoldeyes.Therewasthe doctorstandinglookingathimwitha peculiarkindness.Therewassome 'mee:sebesidesthedoctor,someone youngandstrongenoughtohavebeen Dan'sson.Somefragrancefromthe faisofffieldsseemedtohavecomewith

Forthematterofthat,Danfeltfresh energystirringinhisveins.Hewas notgoingtobetheoldmaninthe chimney-corner-notjustyet.He'd throwofftherheumatism,pleaseGod, withthegreatcomfortandthegreat happiness.He'dbesomeusetothem yet.Theywerenotashamedofhint Therewasonlyloveintheireyes1., him. "'Tisagreatday,"saidthemother. "whenI'vemyDancomehometome. Iknewintheheartofmehewasn't dead."

"Wasn'titbygreatgoodluckels tirelywefoundhim?"saidDick,smilinghappily,asthoughthediscovery' ofanoldwastrelwereamatterforthe greatestcongratulation.

"'Tisdreamin'IamthatI'min heaven,"saidDantohimself."MaybeI'dbewakin'upandfindin'1was backthere."

Butthesightsandscentsandsweet soundsofOldBawnwereabouthim. Therewasthewhite-houseandthe mountainsandthecattlegrazing peacefullyiiitheMaypastures.Never hadaprodigalsuchahappyhomecoming.

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