The Record Newspaper 01 June 1918

"GIBSONIA"AllAustralianDressFabrics

AUSTRALIANINRAWMATERIAL,DESIGN,WORKMANSHIP,ANDGOODTASTE.

Thewiderangeofdesignsandcolourcombinationsaretheworkofourownexpertdesigners.

TheWeftandWoofarespunbyourownSpinningPlant,andtheFabricsarewovenonthemostperfectloomshumaningenuityhasever produced.

TheresultisamostnotableandattractiveselectionofALLAUSTRALIANFABRICS.

Twelvemonthsagotheconditionforceduponusbytheexigenciesofthewar,theuncertaintyofshipping,andthedifficultyofobtainingsupplies ofmaterialsfromGreatBritainmadeitnecessaryforustoconsidertheproblemofproducinginAustraliaNewWeaves,Textures,andColoursinDress andSuitingFabrics,tofilltheplaceofmanygoodshithertoimportedintotheCommonwealthfromEnglandandtheContinent.

WehavetheGoodshere,atpriceswithinthereachofall.Inthenewrange,manynovelfeaturesandcolours,andentirelynewdesignshavebeen introduced,andto-daywehaveonsaleover100distinctweaves,patterns,andcolouringsinGIBSONIADRESSFABRICS,makingamostdesirable selectionofALLAUSTRALIANMATERIALS,markinganewepochintheprogressofAustralianProduction. TheseALLAUSTRALIANDRESSFABRICSareobtainableatpricesfarbelowimportedgoods.Wecannotguaranteesuppliesthroughoutthe entireseason.Ourpresentstocksareampleforpresentdemands.Wewould,however,recommendourclientstosecuretheirsuppliesearly,whileour assortmentsarecomplete.WeshallbepleasedtoforwardsamplesofGibsoniaDressMaterialsonrequest.

WhatisReasonableComfort?

l3yRev.John

"ALivingWage"formsthetitleof achapterinProfessorWilliamSmart's "StudiesinEconomics,"writtenin 1899.Initsopeningsentencesweare told:"Thelastfewweekshaveseen thebirthofanewandattractive catchword.Beforeithasevenbeendefined,itisalreadyputforwardas arguingaclaim. Theexpression 'livingwage'seemstogiveareason andabasisforacertainamountof wage.Ithas,accordingly,foundits wayintoeverydaylanguage,andwe mayexpectsoontofindthattheconceptionwhichitexpresseshastaken itsplaceamongtheconvictionsof many."

TheLivingWage.

Inallprobability,thesesentences describetheoriginofthephrase, "livingwage."Buttheideathatitexpressesgoesbackmuchfartherthan thesummerof1893.Becausetheidea issomucholderthantheexpression, ithas"takenitsplaceamongtheconvictionsofmany"toafargreaterextentandwithmuchmorerapidity thanProfessorSmartexpectedwhen hewrotethewordsjustquoted.'Becausetheexpressionneatlysetsforth theidea,itlikewisehasobtaineda currencythattheprofessorneveranticipated.Boththeideaandtheexpressionowetheirvogueandtheir popularitytothefactthattheyrepresentafundamentalprincipleofjustice. Althoughtheideaofalivingwage goesbackatleasttotheearlyMiddle Ages,itreceiveditsfirstsystematic andauthoritativeexpressioninthe EncyclicalofPopeLeoXIII.,"Onthe ConditionofLabour."ThiswaspublishedinMay,1891,somethingmore thanayearbeforethe"catchword" wasfirstheardinGreatBritain.In thatdocumentthegreatPontiffflatly rejectedtheprevailingdoctrinethat wagesfixedby"freecontract"were alwaysfairandjust.Thistheory,he said,ignoresthefundamentalfactthat thelabourerismorallyboundtopreservehislife,andthathisonlymeans offulfillingthisdutyistobefoundin hiswages.Therefore,concludedPope Leo,"aworkman'swagesoughttobe sufficienttomaintainhiminreasonableandfrugalcomfort."Thisproposition,hedeclared,isa"dictateof naturaljustice."

WhatisRequired.

A.Ryan,D.D.

greeofcontentmentthatisessential toahealthyoutlookonlife.Asregardsthefuture,theworkerrequires acertainminimumamountofsecurity againstsickness,accident,andoldage. Finally,allthesegoodsshouldbeavailabletotheworker,notasasingleMan, butastheheadofafamily;formarriageisamongtheessentialneedsof thegreatmajority.

PracticalNeeds.

Alltheforegoinggoodsandopportunitiesareincludedintheconceptof reasonablecomfort.Withinthelast fewyears,manygroupsofpersons haveattemptedtotranslatetheserequisitesintomoreconcretesymbols. Wepassovertheirspecificstatements concerningtheamountandkindsof foodrequired,asthesearetootechnicalforourpresentpurpose.Itissufficienttosaythatthesespecifications coveranallowanceoffoodadequate tothepreservationofhealthandworkingefficiency.Asregardsclothing,the estimatesincludenotmerelywhatis neededforhealthandefficiency,but thoseadditionalarticlesandchanges ofraimentwhichareessentialinorder thattheworkerandhisfamilymay, withoutlossofself-respect,attend church,school,andparticipateinpublicgatheringsandvariousformsof socialintercourse.Theprovisionof apparelfortheselatterpurposesmay notbedirectlynecessaryontheground ofhealth,butitmeetsoneofthefundamentalneedsofahumanbeing.It isamongtherequirementsofthemind andtheemotions.Todenyittoaman istotreathimassomewhatlessthan aman. Inthematterofhousing,theauthoritiesagreethatthewage-earnerandhis familyrequireatleastfourorfive rooms,withadequatesunlight,ventilation,andall elementaryrequisitesofsanitation,andinmoraland healthfulsurroundings.

FamilyNeeds.

Themajorityofsocialstudentsbelievethattheworkingman'swife shouldnotbecompelledtobecomea wage-earner,andthathischildren shouldnotregularlyengageingainful occupationsbeforetheageof16.It theseconditionsarenotrealised,the familyisnotlivinginreasonablecomfort,anditsyoungermembersaredeprivedofreasonableopportunitiesof educationanddevelopment.

Whatis"reasonablecomfort?"Evidently,itissomethingmorethanthe conditionsandessentialsofmereexistence.Tohavemerelythemeansof continuingtoliveandtowork,isnot tobeincomfort.Whatdegreeofcomfortisreasonable?Tothisquestionwe couldgetahundreddifferentanswers fromasmanydifferentpersons.Each oftheonehundredmightconceive reasonablecomfortasthattowhich hehadbecomeaccustomed,orthatto whichheaspiredbecauseitseemedto bringhappinesstoothers.ThereasonablecomfortthatthePopehadin mindismerelythereasonableminimum.Onewayoffindingouthow muchisrequiredbythisstandardis toconsultthejudgmentofcompetent andfair-mindedmen.Anotherand morefundamentalmethodistointerpretreasonablecomfortinthelightof man'snatureandessentialneeds.

ManisaPerson. Likeeveryotherhumanbeing,the wage-earnerisaperson,notathing, noramereanimal.Becauseheisa person.hehascertainneedsandhis welfarehaveacertainsacrednessthat doesnotbelongtoanyotherspeciesof creatures.Adogorahorsemaybe usedasmereinstrumentstothewelfareofman.Theymayrightfullybe killedwhenmannolongerwantsthem. Notsowiththehumanperson.Hehas intrinsicworthanddignity.Heis madeintheimageandlikenessofGod. Heisanendinhimself.Hewasnot createdforthepleasure,orutility,or aggrandisementofanyotherhuman beingorgroupofhumanbeings. What,then,aretheneedstowhich areattachedthisprerogativeofintrinsicworthandsacredness?Ingeneral, hemusthavesufficientgoodsandopportunitiesfortheexerciseofallhis facultiesandthedevelopmentofhis personality.Onthephysicalside,this meansfood,clothing,andhousingadequatetomaintainhiminhealthand workingefficiency.Sincetheworkeris notmerelyananimal.andaninstrumentofproduction,butanintellectualandmoralperson,herequiresthe meansofexercisinganddevelopingthe facultiesofhissoul.Therefore,he needssomeeducation,somefacilities forreadingandstudy,themeansof practisingreligion,anenvironment thatwillnotmakeunreasonablydifficulttheleadingofamorallife,and sufficientopportunitiesofsocialintercourseandrecreationtomaintainhim inefficiency,andtogivehimthatde-

Allthemembersofthefamilyshould havesomeprovisionforrecreation, suchasanoccasionaltriptothecountry,andvisitstoentertainments;some accesstobooksandperiodicalliterature,inadditiontoschoolingforthe childrenuptotheageof16;and,of course,themeansofbelongingtoa church.

Theworkershouldhavesufficient insuranceagainstunemployment,accidents,sickness,andoldagetoprovidehimselfandthosenormallydependentuponhimwithalltheabovementionedgoodsduringthoseperiods whenheisunabletomakesuchprovisionbyhislabourandwages.

Sucharetherequisitesofreasonable comfortasdeterminedbyman'snatureandneeds,andasinterpretedby allcompetentauthoritiesonthesubject.Thatthewage-earner,asallother persons,oughttohavethismuchof thegoodthingsoflifewillnotbeneniedbyanyonewhoappreciatesthe dignityandintrinsicworthofpersonality.Fortherighttolife,liberty, marriage,andalltheotherfundamentalgoodsrestsonpreciselythesame basisastheclaimtoreasonablecomfort.Thatbasisistheinherentsacrednessofpersonality.Thissacrednessis outragednotonlywhenthepersonis killed,crippled,orimprisoned,butalso whenheitpreventedfromexercising anddevelokinghisfacultiestoareasonablefigure.

DAVIES-FRANKLINCYCLEAND MOTORAGENCY, 178-180Williamstreet,Perth. WholesaleandRetailDirectImporters. CyclesBuilttoOrder.MotorandCycle RepairsaSpecialty.LargeStocksof MotorAccessories.Go-cartsTyred, etc.TelephoneA3281. 0.S.BURTON,Proprietor.

FORADINKUMCUPOFTEAAND GRILL, OrHIGH-CLASSCONFECTIONERY, TrytheExcelsiorTeaRooms. PETER

TheLegendoftheAmericanPresidency

ByShaneLeslieinthe-DublinReview."

Inaworldwheretheaffairsofmenproducetheirman,asinthecaseofmorerecenttimeselectriccandidatesdentisgreataccordingtocircumareinextricablyaffectedbythegambleLincoln,ormouldhimintheprocess,likeBlaineandBryanhaveeachen-stances.InpeaceheisthefirstcitiandchanceoftheTemporaryunderasmaybesaidofWilson.EveryPre-teredthearenathreetimes.Blainezen,chargedwiththegeneralandfuncthedispensationoftheEternal,nosidentispromptlytornbetweenhiswashailedasthe"PlumedKnight"oftionalsupervisionoftheState,and higherprizecanbesoughtorwonobligationsasthechoiceofapoliticalhisparty,buthefailedtobenominat-makinghimselfenormouslyfeltbythe thantheAmericanPresidency.WhenpartyandhishigherdutiesasChiefedinConventiononthetwooccasionspowersofappointmentandveto PresidentBenjaminHarrisonreferredMagistrateoftheRepublic.Washing-thathispartywonatthepolls,whilewhichKingsarebecomingfearsome hiselectiontoProvidence,hiscam-tonalonewaswithoutParty,withoutthefirsttimeforagenerationthathistouse.ItmaybesaidthatStateGovpaignmanagers,whohadexhaustedpredecessor,withoutpoliticalparent-partylosthewasnominated.He,ernorshavethesamerightsthat theresourcesofcivilisationonhisbe-age,theMelchisedecofthePresidency.likeHenryClay,believedthatthePrimatesandPatriarchsenjoyinthe half,lostallfurthertrustinhispoli-ThePartyinfluencemustnecessarilycurseofFatewasuponhim.Menhaveecclesiasticaleconomy;but,likethe ticalinsight.ButthegreatAmericantendtotheexclusionofgreatmenbeensonearthePresidencyastobe-Pope,thePresidentcanover-rulethem people,asawhole,aresatisfiedthatbyfromthePresidency.TheVice-Presi-lieveitwasintheirgrasp.WhenPre-incaseofnationalnecessity.Intime dencyisfilledfor.adroitreasons,.some-sidentAndrewJohnsonwasimpeach-ofwar,asthePopeintimeofdisputed crookedwaysorstraightthere'satimestocomplimentandswingaed,onlyoneSenatorialvotepreventeddogma,thePresidentbecomesDic- divinitylaysor themtheirPre- doubtfulState.intheelection.SomF..thesuccessionfallingtoSenatorWade.tator.Neithercanaffordtotakethe sidents.ThoughnoPresidentistreated

Onlyoneelectoralvotelaybetweenriskofahousedividedagainstitself. timestheVice-Presidentissomadein outwardlywiththeslightestsuggestionordertopreventhisbeing

President,short

SamuelTildenandthePresidency,Inthecomparatively timebe- ofDivineRight,itmaybenotedthatorasasoptoadefeatedfaction.andthatadisputedone,whichitre-tweenthePresidenciesofWashington theassociationofdrunkennesswitha quiredaCommissiontosettle.Per-andWilson,theUnitedStateshave Twice,however,owingtodeathby Presidentisregardedaslittlelessthan sonalfeudsandprivatejealousieshavebecomeadecisiveworld-power.Itis sickness,andthreetimesthroughassonalthanoncetiltedthedelicatebal-interestingtorunthroughtherollof blasphemy.TheonlyPresidentwhosassination,theVice-Presidenthas erredinthatdirectiongoesmostlyun- ante,andchangedthecourseofAm-PresidentsofwhomonlyWashington, succeededtothemajoroffice;but,of mentioned,thoughhepossessedstrong Monroe,Lincoln,andRoosevelt,have thesefivefortuitousPresidents,onlyericanhistory.Historiansrecognise qualitiesandruleddesperatelyagainstone(Roosevelt)has thatPresidentJackson'schampionshipbecomeapartofhistorytotheEuro- beensubsequently theodds;inEurope,AndrewJohnsonconfirmedbythevotesof Asaresultofpopularcanonise_ mighthavepassedforagreatman, theelector_ofMrs.Eaton,againsttheWashington ateforarenewedtermonhisownsocietythatrefusedtoreceiveher,ledtion,PresidentWashingtonhasob- buttheAmericanstriedtoimpeachmerits. tothePresidencyofVanBuren,who,scoredGeorgeWashington.Thepatient him. commanderandcompellerofbattles

ApartfromthePapacy,theAmeri- Everyfourthyearofitshistorythebeingabachelor,hadnodomestic UnitedStatesindulgeinfuriousanddifficultyinpayingheracall.Theisremembered;butthegravehas canPresidencyoffersthegreatestposi-prolongedcontestforthegreatprize.chivalrousJacksonmadehimhissuc-closedoverallhumantraitsofthecold, tionopentothesheerindividualmerititmayseemanunprofitableanduse- forbidding,andaristocraticmanfrom cessor.BlainemighthavebeenReofthosewhoarebornoutsidethelessexpenditureofenergyanden- whoseslow-travailingobstinacyanew publicanPresidentbutthathereceived circlesofwealthortitle.Popeandthusiasm;butithasthegeneralre- Statewasborn.AfterAdams,hewas adeputationofNewYorkclergymen, Presidentareeachtheselectivefruitsuitofleavening,oratleastoxidising,oneofwhomassociatedtheopposingsucceededbyfellow-Virginians,the ofonewinnowedoutofmanymillions,thedullpoliticallump,andofinspir-partywith"Rum,Romanism,andFatherswhoenlargedandconserved Thereisnofundamentalconditionre-ing-thecountryasawholewithsomeRebellion."Beforeitcouldbedisown-theconstitutionalheritage.John As quiredintheformercaseexceptformofnationalconsciousness.The Adams,thesecondPresident,wasmore ed,ithadtransferredthefewdemoChristianbaptism;norinthelatterpublicinteresttakeninitisgreatercraticvotesnecessarytoturntheaPuritanFatherthanamodernre4 anyexceptbirthwithintheboundar-thaninanyqtherformofsport.ItStateofNewYork;andNewYorkpublican,anaristocratinpractice iesoftheUnitedStates.Bothareopenmaybesaidthatforthetime"chew-provedpivotaltothePresidency. ratherthanatheoristindemocracy. totheordinaryman.Itwouldbe&II-inggumandConventions"seemto TwoHistoricPeriods. Heiscreditedwithtwogreatpro- culttoinstanceduringthepastcen-replacethe"panemetcircenses"of ThehistoryoftheUnitedStatesmayposals,WashingtonasGeneral,andthe turyacaseofwealthorabnormalancientRome, bedividedroughlyintot,woperiods.FourthofJulyasaholiday.Aloneof geniussittingattheWhiteHouseor CandidatesforthePresidencyre-Thefirst,whichclosedin1961withthethePresidentshelivedtoseeason attheVatican.Absenceofconspicuousquireacertainsimilaritytothesue-outbreakoftheCivilWar,wasonetakehisplace.Jealous,erratic,tactless, talent,exceptthediplomaticone,isincessfulPapabilis,apurityoflifethathauntedbytheSlaveryissue,whichandpungent,hewas;andhisdistaste eachcaseanassetratherthanother-canbeartheacidtestsofmodernjour-shadowedelectionafterelectionwithfortheFrenchRevolutionisaseasy wise.Itis,asitwere,accidentalthatnalism,afairbutnottoobrilliantre-acloud,nogreateratfirstthanatounderstandasthedistastetheEng- aPopeorPresidentbecomesgreathis-cordinpublicserviceleadingtomoreman'shand,butgrowingatlasttofishCourthadforhimasenvoy. torically.Heischosenforotherquail_friendshipsthanenmities,andapro-andreluctantdegreeswastheliberty AdamswasfollowedbyJefferson, tiesthanthebrilliant.Aprovidentialmiseofsustainingthedignityofaofmar!asserteduntilthecitizensofthefirstreallydemocratic,andthefirst suitabilityisprobablythevirtuemostuniqueoffice.Theonlytalentwhichthewholecountrywerefoundtobewidelycultured,President.Hisknow- inviewofbothanAmericanNominat-hasreallyprovedofavailinappeal-fanaticallydividedagainsteachledgeextendedtomusic,architecture, ingConventionandofaPapalCon-ingtoanAmericanelectorateiscuri-other.AseconderabeganaftertheandeventoGaelic.Inthenameofthe slave.Againandagainacompromiseouslyenoughthemilitary.TheonlyCivilWar,withReconstructionatmajestyofthepeopleheabolished hasbeenmadebetweentwostrongtalentwhichhasreallyprovedofavailhomeandtheMonroedefianceex-ceremony,andhitchedhishorsetothe candidates. inappealingtoanAmericanelectoratehibitedabroad.After1870asecondpalisadesoftheCapitol.Buthewas TheConventionis,ofcourse,anAm-iscuriouslyenoughthemilitary.Theshadowhadbeguntomoveagainst ericanintsitution,butitseemstohaveonlyapproachtoacertaintythatcantheAmericas,theshadowofPan-Ger-shrewdenoughtoreversetheoryinthe inexorablefaceofnecessity,andto beenbasedonEuropeananalogy.bestagedbythemanagersisthesuc-manism,ofwhichthehugemajorityconsenttothepurchaseofLouisiana. Casuallyyetcarefullythefoundersofcessfulsoldier.WarswithEnglandofAmericancitizensremaineduncon-Hisattemptstopreserveneutrality theUnitedStatespickedfromEuro-producedGeneralsWashingtonandscions,andtotheclaimsofwhichduringtheNapoleonicstrugglewere peenmodels.TheStarsandStripesJackson.IndianwarsgaveGeneraluntothelastmanyAmericanswereasthoseofaQuakerdealingwithrival weretheWashingtonfamilyarms,HarrisonthePresidencythattheMexi-favourableastheyhadbeentoSlavery.highwaymen.Outragesatseahemet grantedbytheEnglishCollegeofHer-canWargavetoTaylorandPierce.ItwasnotuntilthePresidencyofwithloftyphrase.Asahumanitarian aids:andthenationalmotto,"epluri-TheCivilWarleftinitswakeaBenjaminHarrisonthatincidentsoc-doctrinairehehadmadeuphismind busunum,"seemstohavebeentakenmeteorictrailoffightingPresidents-curredshowingthatGermanyandthenottotakeitup,andhadpractically fromthecoverof"TheGentleman'sGeneralsGrant,Hayes,Garfield,andUnitedStatesweregoingtobecomeabandonedthegovernmentofthe Magazine."Theelectoralbody,com-MajorMcKinley.TheSpanish\VarasincompatibleintheworldasSlavecountrybeforehehandeditoverto posedofmembersfromeveryStatetowasmarkedbyColonelRoosevelt;soandFreeStateshadbeenintheAm-Madison. decidebetweenthenomineesofthethatatfirstsighttheAmericanpeopleericanUnion.Moreirritatingthan NominatingConventions,isnotalto-wouldbytheirhistoryhardlybetakenmenacing,theseincidentscontinued MonroeandJe.ckson. getherunliketheSacredCollege,aforanationofpacifists.AtthesameundertheadministrationsofMcKinley :GreatlittleMadison"hisspirited unityofmanynationalities.TracesoftimeitshouldberecordedthatatandRoosevelt,andfoundtheirterrificwifecalledhim.Hadheneverbeen almosteveryEuropeanstrainwillbethreeelectionscivilianshavedefeatedfinaleunderthehistoricsecondtermofPresident,hislifewouldhavebeen foundintheAmericannationalvote;soldiers.QuincyAdamswaselectedWilson, supremelysuccessful.Thestatesman butthePresidentisalmostinvariablyoverGeneralJackson,VanBurenover TheAmericanPresidentshavecon-hadopposedthewarwithEngland,to ofEnglishextraction.OfScotch-IrishGeneralHarrison,andLincolnovertrolledthelargesttractoftheEnglish-whichthePresident-turned-politician extractionwereJackson,Polk,Buch-General

McClellan.consented.Itwasthepriceofhis speakingworld;yettheEnglishschoolanan,andMcKinley.Therehavebeen secondtermoverahigh-spiritedpeo- Blaine'sBlunder. boy,abletorepeathisArchbishopsof twoofDutchextraction,VanBuren justasthereisalonglineofdis- andRoosevelt;andonewhowas York,oracentury'slistofPremiers,pie,anditwasallbutdisastrousto Welsh.Jefferson.Thereis,ofcourse,a tinguishedeccleiastswhobutforsomewouldprobablystumbleatthelineof annfaucnepr?efptaiiteedenielatntiyo.nw.arsimpotence onlyimrelievedpene world'sdifferencebetweenaPresider-unsuspectedhazardofProvidenceWashington'ssuccessors.EvenOxford 1 tialConventionandaPapalConclave. wouldhaveattainedthepontificaldig-orCambridgehistorianswouldbeatabythecourageofhis.wife,whosaved pity,soAmericanhistoryisfilledwith Theformerisoneofthenational losstorecognisethenicknamesoftheoriginalDeclarationof.In.depend.thesplendidpresidentialfailuresof amusementsofAmericaaswellasa AmericanPresidents-togivetheencefromtheadvancingBritish.His ofthosesignal supremedemocraticlotteryofpublicmenwhoweretootalentedortooun-equivalentof"Tippecanoe" theor of"OldPresidencywaso luckytosucceed.Asadbutphilo-Hickory." whichhistorynehascuriouly favourandsentiment,withalltheby-sophicalchaptercouldbewrittenin playthatshrewdpoliticalmanipulatotalignoringofAmericanhistoryinpreferredtoeavethaitna ofthee favourableu equally Americanhistoryonthosewhohave tioncangive.Yetthehundredsof thepastEnglishcurriculum.Yetthelight,whilesinking justmissedtheglitteringprize.OnlyAmericansuccessionistheonlylinetemporisingBuchananunderthedarkdelegatesballotinginthesightoftheahair'sbreadthhasstoodbetweentheofdynastswhichaffordsthesameestcloud.Monroe,whosucceededMadi_ frenziedthousands,untilatwo-thirds soldier'whocarriedan presidencyandsomewhohavesincefascinatingvarietyandhistoricinter-son, Tren't'ow withhim majorityissecured,isapopularmag-passedintooblivion.OthersmaybeestasthatofthePapacy.PerhapstheEngli''s.hasbaullentldfro nificationofthescarletSeniorsofrememberedamong His theiradmirersasgreatestsetbacktothetheoryofintothegrave.Hirnswathenhand'that ChristendomballotingforthesamemenwhowouldratherberightthanDivineRightaccruingtocertainfamil-hadstiffenedMadisonintowar. proportionofvotesintheSistinebePresidents.ThosewhohavemissediesistheirtotalfailureofcongenitalcarerhadbeenbrokenbyunsuccessChapel.BothassemblageshavetheirthemarkincludeAaronBurr,whopermanence. toEurope,andhisun- Theyareliabletobothfumissions. forgotten dark andrisks,theirfavouritesandmadesureraimwhenhekilledAlex-extinctionofbloodandbrain.FromruffledPresidencywassoon darkhorses.BothareliabletogustsanderHamiltoninduel;HenryClaythisdefectthePapacyandtheUnitedbyhiscountrymen.Butthe.fewsen-oft suddenapprobationduetopopular feelingortoDivinefavour.Curiously thegreatestorator,andDanielWeb-StatesPresidencyarenotablyfree,tenseshedevoaldlotnogellreisnsingeatnirnadsterthegreatestlawyer,Americahasandmayaccordinglybeclassifiedditionwhichh enoughthe"stampede,"artificialorproduced.AlldieddisappointedoftheamongthepermanentinstitutionsofofmenlikeJefferson,crystalisedinto Monroe otherwisewhichplayssogreatapartgreathope.Burrevenfellawayintomankind,againstwhichtheGatesofthe Doctrine.Theycontained intheAmericanConventionhasitstreason;andmoreseriousstillwastheBrandenburgshallnotprevail. thesimplegospelofAmericaforthe parallelinthequasi-inspiratio,oneofcaseofCalhoun,whocastasidethe OfAmericanPresidentstherehaveAmericans.Theresult,undreamedby theadmittedwaysinwhichelectionsopoftheVice-Presidencyindisgust,beentwenty-seven;andinthislongtheirauthor,hasbeenthat,while mayfallonaPope. andorganisedtheStates-Rightsenti-successiononlytwicehaveappearedWashingtonislegendandtheVirginNotAlwaysRigidlyDemocratic. mentintheSouth,whichledtothemembersofthesamefamily.AnianPresidentssleepinhonouredobAnAmericanConventionisnotCivilWar.DouglasisrememberedAmericanfamilyinwhichtherehaslivion,whileevenJacksonisafaded alwayssodemocraticassomesuppose.merelyasLincoln'sopponent.OnlyoncebeenaPresidentlivesinmuchcaricature,andLincolnasymbolof ItisinclinedtoimposethecandidateincidentsrecallCass,who,asMinisterthedignityofatmosphereaccruingtowhatispast,thenameofMonroeis whomthepoliticiansratherthanthetoRome,lenttheAmericanflagtoanItalianfamilywhichhasbredastilltheboltwhichflashesfromunder peoplewant.Agoodvote-winnerissavePropagandaduringtheRomanPope._PrecedentandcustombindatheclawoftheAmericaneagle.MonpreferabletoagoodPresident.ARevolution,orFremont,themilitaryPresidenttofollowthecounselandroewastheflamewhichstruckdown candidateisneededwhocanwinforexplorerwhocarvedtheSignofthetraditionlaiddownbyadvisers;butMaximilianofHapsburg,thelance hisParty.WhetherinemergencyheCrossonIndependenceRock.HoraceincertainandsupremematterstherethatClevelandbrokewithEngland, couldsavehiscountryisnotaques-GreelY,theonlyjournalisttoliftink-isnoappeal.InmattersofPeaceandthecrackofcowhidethatRoosevelt tionofcloseattention.Thereisastainedfingerstotheshiningprize,\Var,Washingtonlocutaest,andthegaveintheearsoftheGermanfleet. countrybows.ThepowerofaPresi-Yetamonghisowncontemporaries trustthatcriticaltimeswilleitherdiedundertheeffectsoffailure.In

Monroewaschieflyrememberedasthe lastwearerofthecockedhat. AftertheruleofanotheroftheHouseofAdams,JohnQuincy,theold man,eloquent,theprecise,cold,can- tankerousscholar,whowasgiventhe Presidencyoutofsheerrespect,and whofolloweditwithtwentyyears serviceintheSenate,cameAndrew Jackson,aswearing,gambling,cockfightingUlsterman,notfarremoved fromthestagetravestyofthefrolic- somefightingIrishman,butredeemed by wayhugevirtues.Jacksonhackedhis throughamagnificentcareer,fromthemomenthedefeatedtheEnglish atNewOrleanstothedayhequitted hissecondtermofthePresidencywithninetydollarsinhispockets.Gaunt, grim,butgracious,hewasamixture betweenagame-cockandDonQuixote. "Bewareofmetaphysics,"wasoneof hismottoes;andbyactsofdownright prideandobstinacyhemadegoodineveryposition.HefoughtbothEng- lishand brokeIndian.threatenedFrance, withhisCabinet,drovehisVice- Presidentintothewilderness,andde- stroyedtheUnitedStatesBank.He nevergaveaninch,andallhisenemies hescattered.JacksonianJusticewasa glorifiedLynchLaw,buthisvery faults hisbenefitedhiscountry.Following personalspitesandwhims,heoften succeededindoinggoodbyaccident. Asanhereditarymonarchhewouldprobablyhavelosthisthrone;butas apopulartyranthispersonalityin- fectedthewholeerawithenthusiasm. Thoughhehadkilledhismanina duel,hisfeatinputtingdownamutiny withanunloadedmusketwastypical ofhisreign.Truthandjusticeheloved withthatIrishimmoderationwhich may shipsometimesleadtothechampionoftheridiculous.Buthebequeath- edthe unableSpoils-systemtoAmerica,being todistinguishbetweenapoli- ticalandamilitaryvictory.AndunderhimAmericabecameasgreatasEng- landunderCromwell."OldHickory," theycalledhim. VanBuren,anastutepolitician,but adignifiedandefficientone,ruledin hisstead.Hewasawire-pulleror.as hewascalledinthosedays."thelittle Magician."Abland.courteousmoverandmoulderofmen,hewasdescribed asthick-skinnedandelastic:butsome suchqualitieswereneededtomake himtheexcellentPartyleaderhewas. HewasfaithfultotheUnioninwhichSlaverywasalreadyopeningagulf, butinhisoldagehecontrivedto swallow,withgreatermenthanhim- self,thedeadlysoporificofcompro- misewiththeSouth.Untiltheyforgothim,Americansdisagreedonhimpro- foundly.Historycannotsettletothis daywhetherhedidusegoldspoonsin theWhiteHouse,ashewasaccusedofdoing.

Hissuccessor.GeneralHarrison.was electedlargelybyanindiscreetre- proachlevelledathimasadrinkerof hardciderandtheoccupierofalog cabin.Everybodyinthesamecircum- stancesnaturallyvotedforhim:but. withinamonthofoffice,thecongratu- lationsofoffice-seekersandfriends haddonetheoldmantodeath.Hediedmurmuring.''Willtheseapplica- tionsnevercease?"Hisreignwasthe shortest,buthisinauguralspeechthe longest.Theelectionhadbeenfought for"TippecanoeandTylertoo."TippecanoewasHarrison'sIndianvictory,andTylerwashisVice-President, whonowsucceeded,afterborrowing hisfaretoWashington.Tylerwasthe firstinstanceofaVice-Presidentre- versinghisdeadPresident'spolicy.His CabinetwishedtostylehimActing- President,butheseizedhisfullrights. HeruledwithonlyaCorporal'sGuard behindhiminCongress.Duringthe CivilWarhepassedwithVirginia fromhisallegiancetotheUnited States,andfoundanunmarked,un- honouredgrave.PresidentPolkwas nominatedasacompromisebetween lesssecond-ratemen;butstirring eventsenhancedhisPresidency,and itfelltohimtopushAmericanarms intothehallsoftheMontezumas.HefavouredtheannexationofTexas,and theinvasionofMexico,tosuitthe plansoftheslave-owners.HisPresi- dencywasbrilliant,buthischaracter -wassummedupas"theNapoleonof theStump."

"RoughandReady."TheMexicanWarupsettheplansof thepoliticiansbyproducingaPresi- dentinGeneralTaylor,anolddefend. erofthefrontiers,whomhiswife describedasnotsomuchuprightas downright."Roughandready"washis cognomen;anditwastypicalofhim thathesenttheletterannouncinghisunrequestednominationtotheDead LetterOffice.Hediedavictimof thoseFourthofJulycelebrationswhich havesoamplyavengedEngland'soriginaldefeat.Hewassucceededby- anotheraccidentalPresidentinMillard Filiomre,wise,polishedandjudicious, whoonlysoughttokeepthepeace andtoaverttheapproachingwarby Africancolonisationorbyanymeans permissiblebyagreement.

Filimore feeblestwasfollowedbythetwo PresidentsinallAmerican history,underwhomthecupof slaveryfilledandoverflowed.Franklin PierceandJamesBuchanan.Pierce wasashowy,pliant,butgenerous man,whohadwoncreditintheMexi-canWarbyrefusingtheAttorney- Generalshipinordertoserveasapri- vate.Hiscandidaturewasthatofa darkhorse,aNorthernmanwithSouthernprinciples.Hebroughtthe issueofSlaveryintothearena,and leftitthere.Weakandvacillating,he wasprobablywellsummedupbya Deaconfromhishome,whosaidon hearingofhisnominationthathe "wouldspreaddreadfulthin,"andby Lowell,whoafterwardsdescribedhim as"therealElijahPogram."Hisad- ministrationwasbitterlytermed "Mediocrityinafool'sparadise."He earnedalittlefeebleimmortalitybyhisfriendshipwithHawthorne,but evenHawthornesaidofhisnomina- tion,"Frank,whatapity,"amelan- cholywhich'poorPierce"sharedhim- selfonthatoccasion.Sodisparaged washeinhislifethathisnativeState waitedhalfacenturybeforeerecting hisstatue,andhelivesonlyghostwiseinthepagesofHawthorne'snote- books.Ofvividintuition,hewasde- voidofforesight.HewouldalwayshavebeenunhappywithoutthePre- sidency,buthebecametheunhappier forhavingattainedit. ThebestdevisedPresidencyisliable to supremecontainanoccasionalfailure.The crisisofAmericanhistory foundtheweak,purposelessand hystericalBuchananinpower,or ratherengagedinstrippinghimselfof powerinthefaceofperil.Asforeign ministerheshowedhimselfelegant,versatileandcharming.Lincolnsaid hecouldcharmthebirdsfromthe trees.Asuccessabroad,hewasa disasterathome.Courtlyandcorrect,heintendedeviltonoman,leastof alltohimself,buthecausedmoreto hiscountrythananyPresidentbefore orsince.Heseemstohavegiven pledgestotheSouth,andwasconsti- tutionalistenoughtobelievehemust standbythem.Hemadeashowof firmnesswhilesolemnlydiscussingthe theoryofsecessionwiththosewho hadwantonlydecidedtoputjtinto practice.Thedespairoffriendand foe,herefusedtofacedestiny,or soundthetocsin,orevengiveanopin- ion.Ambitiousenoughtobecomea PresidentoftheUnitedStates,hewas timidenoughtobelievehewasthe last.ThefutureofAmericaheshelved uponaProvidencethatfoundother instrumentsthanhe.Thebuttand scapegoatofmodernAmericanhis- tory,heprobablydoesnotdeserve morethanDeanMilman'smildcensureinalettertoPrescott:"Hestrikesmeasa accommodatingmanmorelikelytoadoptan thanadesperate policy."

BuchananAbrahamLincoln. fledweepingfromWash- ington,andLincolncameinfromthe West.Ofthemakingofbooksabout Lincolnthereisnoend,andthe legendhasgrownuntilallotherPre- sidents,pastandpresent,seempyg- mies.Ineducationdeficient,hewas schooledinthelonelyfrontierlife,and learnthowtodealwiththeworldby livingonthedistantedgeofit.Trifles likeEnglishgrammarhepickedupin histwenties,andEuclidinhisthir- ties.Thetriangleofmilitary,political, anddiplomaticquestions,awaitingandoverwhelminghimduringfour years,hesolvedwithoutoneserious error,whenonesingleerrorwouldhavebeenfatal.Aninspiredcommon- senseservedhiminplaceofrefine- mentsandtrickery;butinhisstraightforwardactionsagainand againhebuddedbetterthanthose aroundhimknew.Oppressedwiththe mostcrushinganxietyanddisappointmentshecouldreadcomicauthors,or revealhisdreamstohisCabinet.Some- thingoftheChrist,ofRabelais,of Aesop,andevenofMachiavelli,went tomakeupthisstrangestofAmeri- cans.Hewasthesupremeexampleof whatahumanbodyandspiritdrawn atrandomfromthemasscouldendure ontheanviloffate.ByhimisDe- mocracyjustified.

PresidencyLincoln'sassassinationopenedthe toAndrewJohnson,gener- allyaccountedtheworstofPresidents, "thedrunkentailorofTennessee."His earlystrugglehadbeenashardasLincoln's.Workinghiswayupfrom amongthe"poorwhites,"hewas taughttoreadbyhiswife.Hewas madeVice-Presidentbecauseofhis uniquepositionasaSenatorofa SouthernStatewhostoodbythefor- tunesoftheNorth,Byanironyof chancetheRepublicanwarpartywon thewarinordertomakeaDemocrat President.Thoughatfirsthethreatened"tomaketreasonodious,"he refusedvengeancetotheNorthern fire-eaters,andeventuallygavehis sympathytotheveryrebels.His enemiesfoundanexcusefurbringing

animpeachment,whichheescaped onlybyonevote.Coarse,sullen,and virile,herepresentedthe"poorwhites," whoweretrampledbytheslave- owners.Lincolnappointedmenwhom heknewwouldworkagainsthim,pro- videdtheydidtheirdutytotheRe- public.Johnsonregardedeverymanwhoopposedhimpoliticallyasthe enemyoftheRepublic.Conflictwith theStateofhisbirth,andlaterwith hisPartyandCongress,madehim savageandcynical.Bitterand domineering,hewasnotunjust;but hewasasharshastheworldwas harshtohim,andsuspiciousofmen who denunciationsalwayssuspectedhim.Hiscoarse asPresidentsouredthe wholeeraofreconstruction.Here- mainedasolitaryandbigotedfigure, givingandreceivingtheconfidenceof none.EventhedoorkeeperoftheWhiteHousedeclinedtodinewith him.Hewastheproductoffierce times;and,thoughnojudgeofmen, hecouldjudgemeasures.Fidelityhe hadofabitterandobstinatevariety; buthisnamehasbeenasgoodas wipedofftherollofAmericanPre- sidents."Andyain'tadrunkard," seemstobetheonlygoodwordever saidofhim;butthespeakerwas Lincoln. Thedynastyofsoldier-politicians followedwishthePresidencyofGen- eralGrant.Notformanyyearswas hisfailureinofficerecognised,sogreat washismilitaryprestige.Hesaidhe acceptedtheresponsibilitiesofhis positionwithoutfear,buthedidnot laythemdownwithoutreproach. Greatatoneformofwarfare,hewas expectedtobeaperennialspeaker, politicianandPresident.Akindof popularrevoltfinallypreventedhim fromreceivingathirdterm.Like Wellington,hemethisoverthrowin politics.Inthefieldhewasnever beaten.TheDiaryofGideonWelles, fromwithintheCabinet,shedsa bitterlightonhispoliticalattain. ments,justasitdoesjusticetothe malignedAndrewJohnson.Grant madeanornamentalbutstatesman- likePresident.Hisideaofgovernment wastheappointmentoffriends,tobe approvedordisapprovedlikesomany commandersinthefield.Theresult

wasthathemadehisgoodappoint- mentsbyaccidentandhisbadones bydesign.Balancedandjudiciousin thefaceoffact.hewastooproneto flatteryand-toointolerantofcriti- cism.Hewasignorantofgovernment, buthehadsufficientcommonsenseto rideontheopinionsofothers.To enemiesinthefieldorinpoliticshe wasrelentless.WhenSummerthwart- edhim,herecalledMotleyfromSt. JamesbecausehewasSumner'sfriend. ForsimilaractsWellescametothe conclusionthathewasdeficientin someofthenoblerqualitiesofmind, andaccusedhimevenofduplicityand cunningundertheJohnsonadminis- tration.Buthewashonestenoughto bedeceivedbyfriends,andhisgifts weretooroughandruggednotto standoutofthequagmireofcon- temporarypolitics.Hesecuredthe financialintegrityofhiscountrybut nothisown.ItwasasGeneral,not President,thathereceivedhisapo- theosis. RutherfordHayessucceededunder thecloudofadisputedelection.In theopinionofhalfthenationhewas PresidentdefactowhileTildenwas Presidentdejure.Onlyforthesakeof theRepublicwasheaccepted,antby oneofthoseactsofself-denialonthe partofhisopponentswhichdemoc- racycanclaimfromthosewhoenjoy herbenefits.Conscientious,worthy, andmediocre,hereversedGrant's policies,includingthequestionof temperanceattable.Heseemstohave beentheonlyPresidentnottohavedesiredasecondterm,thoughheleft hisPartyinastateofconsideredvic- tory. Garfield.

GeneralGarfieldwasnominatedfor Presidentbythecombinationwho weresetonlyonpreventingGrant'sthirdterm.Student,preacher,lawyer, andsoldier,herosefromutterpoverty.HisunexpectedPresidencywasclosed bytion.anevenmoreunexpectedassassinaWhilehereigned,hissensitive naturewasstungalmosttodespera-tionbyunmeritedabuse.Hewasnot builtofpresidentialfightingmaterial. Hewasagooddebater,butunaggres- sive,ascholarbutnotbrilliant,a mantobereliedonbutwithoutwillWebbsiWebb,PHOTOGRAPHERS,ARTDEAL-ERSandPICTUREFRAMERS. EalargementsfromOldandFadedPhotographs.Out-doorWorkaid BridalGroupsaSpecialty. 616HAYST.,PERTH(NearBarrackSt.)

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BRASSIERESFROM211.

power.Courageousinthefield,hewas invertebrateinpolitics.Hewasgood- naturedenoughtowishtomakeeverybodyhappy,andaccordinglyonly livedtomakehimselfmiserable.His famewassecuredbyhismartyrdom.

Beforehediedheaskedpathetically ifhisnamewouldfillaplaceinhuman history,andDestinysufferedhimto dieontheanniversaryofChickamauga,thebattleinwhichhehadfor everdistinguishedhimself.

ToGarfieldsucceededthelastman thatGarfield'sfriendsdesired,Chester Arthur,whohadbeenmadeVice-PresidentasasoptotheGrantfaction. ThoughhehadbeenaNewYork politician,hisbreedingandbreadthof viewenabledhimtodisregardpoliticalobligations,andplaythebigger role.Carefullyandconsideratelyhe enjoyedthegreatpartthatchance hadinawaywardmomentthrownto him.LikeGarfield,heallowedSouthernadventurerstodeceivehim;but hecouldalwaysdistinguishthebird ofpreyinsong-bird'sclothing.Strife andstruggleweredistastefultohim. Hewasaconnoisseurinmatters aesthetic,andhelefthismarkonthe furnitureoftheWhiteHouse.Alone ofthePresidents,hewasknownas the"firstgentlemanoftheland."

Arthurwasfollowedbythefirst PresidenttheDemocratswereableto electduringaperiodoffiftyyears. TheelectionpivotedonNewYork, wheretheDemocraticmachinecould notbeheldguiltlessoffraud.Though Tammanyassistedhiselection,Clevelandwasstrongenoughtorefuseit anywrittenpledge;forhefelthimself tobethemanofdestinytohisParty. HesaidhewouldhavethePresidency clean,ornotatallHewastheonly Presidentwhoranthreetimes;and who,afterlosingonce,wasre-elected. HeharnessedboththeindependentandpartisansupporterstohisPresidentialcar;buthegavereinto neither.Hewasoneofthefewstrong Presidents,andheincurredallthe enmityduetostrength.Hecameto understandwhathecalled''themeannessandmaliceofmenandpoliticians."Heenjoyedmakinghimselfun'popular,andhegrimlythrewawaythePresidencyonaTariffissue.He despisedpoliticalvaudeville,and foughtfanaticalheresy.Heopposed TrustsastheCommunismofPelf,and hetrimmedtheUpastreewar-pensionswhichhadgrownassurvivors oftheCivilWardecreased.England heopenlychallengedontheMonroe Doctrine.AlthogetheranobleifunsophisticatedPresident.

BetweenCleveland'stwotermsthe RepublicanssucceededinintroducingBenjaminHarrison,grandsonofa previousPresident.Sagaciousbutunmagnetic,solitaryandunsociable,he frozeinprivateasmanypeopleashe rousedbyhispublicspeaking.Independentandcultured,henevertheless failedtowinorleadmen.

MajorMcKinleywasthelastPresidenttobe"wrungoutofthebloody shirt"byanappealtothememories oftheCivil.War.Ambitiousbut amiable,heexactlyfittedthefin-desiecleAmericanmind.Arefusalfrom McKinleyledmoreoftentofriendship thananacquaintancefromCleveland. Unintellectual,sincere,but,perhaps, self-deceived,hepracticallyavoided themakingofenemies,evenifitwas necessarytosacrificeanuncomplainingfriend.Hisgoodnaturehadonce ledhimintobankruptcytosave another,buttheRepublicansredeemed him,andhewonthembackthePresidency.Publicclamourdrovehim intowarwithSpainagainsthiskindly nature.TheCubansorewasbared againsthiswill,buthedoctoredit fromaltruisticmotives.Hehadno imperialambitiontowardsthePhilippines,butheendeavouredtoreconcile amilitaryoccupationwithamanifest missionofcivilisation.Eventhesubduingofthenativetribeshedescribed as"benevolentassimilation."Struck downbyanassassin,heenteredthe Americanmartyrology,towhichhe hadneveraspired.

HisthreesuccessorsinthePresidencyarestillalive;andadecademust

THEW.A.RECORD.

passbeforetheirinfluencecanbeestimated.Shortarethereignsofthe AmericanPresidents,andsometimes shortistheirmemoryinthemindof thepeople.Beforeeventhemostmomentousandfamoustermcanclose, rivalsandsuccessorsarebeingdiscussedintheCouncil-chamberandin theby-roads.Atthepresentmoment AmericansarespeakingofWilliam McAdoo,theSecretaryoftheTrea sury,asaDeomcraticpossibility;and ofNicholasMurrayButlerasaRepublicancandidate.Ofherloveof Liberty,Americahasgivenabundant. proofs.IfandwhenshesetsaCatholic intheSeatoftheMightyshewillgive ofthatloveanintimatesign.Andhas notsomeonesaidthat"signsinlove aremorethanproofs?"

ArchbishopHealyDead

Thedeathofthiswise,learned,and illustriousprelate,whichtookplace March16,hasbroughtdeepsorrowto Connaught,andcastafeelingofdepressionandlossovertherestofIreland.PresidingoveraSeeinwhich thereweremanyeminentoccupants, theMostRev.Dr.Healyhasleftbehindhimanamewhichwillbean outstandingoneamongthegreatest whoadornedtheEpiscopacy,not merelyofConnaught,butofIrelandanamewhichwillremainimperishableinIrishannals.Hisimmensephysicalpresence,crowned byanoblehead,withthekindly flashingeye,wereindicativeofthe greatbigheartoftheman.Those onlywholivedundertheshadowof hisPalaceinTuamcantrulyappreci- atethemanynobleworksofcharity whichnowspeakforthedeadArchbishop.

Sligo,inthedioceseofElphin,has thehonourofbeingthebirthplaceof thisbrilliantChurchmanandIrishman.Hewasbornsofarbackas1841 atBallinafad,inthecountyjustmentioned,beingtheeldestsonofMark Healy,afarmer.

BrilliantTalents.

Hewasbutfifteenyearsoldwhenhe wassenttothediocesanseminary, thensituateatSummerhill,afewmiles fromAthlone.Hewasordainedinthe collegein1867,andhavingcompleted hisperiodofprofessorshipin1869,he labouredasapriestatBallygar, CountyGalway,andGrange,County Sligo,beingafterwardsinchargeofa deaneryschoolinElphin.Hehadthe uniquehonourofcompetingsuccessfullyfortheChairsofClassicsand TheologyinMaynoothCollege,and, choosingthelatterin1879,adornedit until1883,whenhebecamePrefectof theDunboyneestablishment.

During1884hewaseditorofthe "EcclesiasticalRecord,"andinthe sameyearwasappointedtitularBishop ofMacraandCoadjutor-Bishopof Clonfert.MostRev.Dr.Duggandying in1896,Dr.Healysucceededtothe SeeofClonfert,wherehelaboured withsaintlyzealforsevenyears.In 1902thegreatJohnMcEvillypassed tohisreward,andinthefollowing FebruarybyPapalBriefDr.Healy wasendowedwiththecrozierand mitreofthehistoricArchdioceseof Tuam.

HewasinstalledasArchbishopon St.Patrick'sDay,1903,andfifteen yearslater,almosttothehour,onthe eveofthePatronSaintofIreland, 1918,hepassedintotheGreatBeyond, ThelateDr.Healycelebratedthe silverjubileeofhisepiscopatein1909, andfromthattimeonwardhishealth begantogivewaysomuchsothat MostRev.Dr.Higgins,asCoadjutor, hasforsometimebeendischarging thedutiesoftheArchdiocese.

ScholarandWriter.

ThelateDr.Healywasnotonlya greatChurchman,buthewasalsoa greatscholarandwriter.Thoughhe wasamostpatrioticIrishman,he alwaysshunnedthepoliticalplatform, anddeprecatedtheuseofthepulpit

forpoliticalpurposes.Hewasthe authorofapaperreadataMavnooth Unionafewyearsago,entitled"The PriestinPolitics,"inwhichheused, wordscounsellingthemagainstentanglementsinpoliticalmattersand againstintolerantviewsonthose.public questionsonwhichmoralityandreligionhadnodirectbearing.

ThePopeand(inland

Rome,March5,1918.

LastyearwhileRussiawasrevolutionisingherconstitution,thelittle nationofFinland,whichhadlong beenboundtoRussiabuthadnever lovedCzarism,resolvedtocutitself freeandbegin-lifeanewasanindependentRepublic.Heractionmet withtherecognitionofseveralEuropeanStatestowhomshesentherdelegates.ButitwasnottothePowersof theworldalonethatshelookedfor recognition.Sherecognisedthatthere isonelivingintheVaticanwithout armiesandcannonwhopossessesa powerthatnomaterialprosperitycan giveandnoadversitycantakeaway ordiminish.FinlandisnotaCatholic State.ShecannotlookuponthePope asthespiritualheadofthegreatmass ofherpeople,butsheseesthathe standsoutbeforetheworldasthe guardianofthemorallawthatrules thenationsandindividuals.Assuch shehassentadelegationtotheHoly Fathertoannouncethatshehasbegunherexistenceamongthenations ofEuropeasafreeandindependent State.

DelegationReceived. TheDelegation,composedoftwo chiefdelegatesandasecretary,were receivedinsolemnaudiencebythe HolyFatheronSaturday,March2nd. TheyarrivedattheVaticanabout mid-day,andwerereceivedwiththe honoursduetotherepresentativesof States.ConductedtotheHallofthe Tapestries,theyweretheremet15y theSecretaryoftheCongregationfor Ceremonial,whohavingcomplimented them,wenttoannouncetheirarrival totheHolyFather. Delegation'sAddresstoHisHoliness. HisHoliness,donningthemozetta, lefthisprivateapartments,accompaniedbythemembersofhisnoble court.Whenhehadseatedhimselfin theThroneRoomthemembersofthe Finnishdelegationwereintroduced intohispresence,andtheheadofthe delegationreadanaddressinforming HisHolinessoftheconstitutionof Finlandasafreeandindependent State,andexpressinga.desireonthe partoftheGovernmenttoenterinto directandfriendlyrelationswiththe HolySee.

TheHolyFather'sReply. TheHolyFathergaveanappro- rriatereplytotheaddress,thanking theFinnishGovernmentforthecommunication,andaddingthattheHoly See,everfaithfultoitstraditionsin recognisingtherightsofsmallaswell asgreatnations,wouldbegladtohave directandcordialrelationswiththe GovernmentofFinland.

MarksofPapalGoodwill, SubsequentlyHisHolinessinvited thedelegatestoaccompanyhiminto hisprivatestudy,whereheconversed withthemforsometime.Asamark 'ofgoodwilltowardsthenewRepublic hedeignedtoconferwithhisown handsthedecorationofGrandCross ofSt.GregorytheGreatonMessrs KihhnanandWolf,theheadsofthe delegation,andthatofCommendatore ofthesameOrderofSt.Gregoryon itssecretary.

VisittotheCardinalSecretaryof State. LeavingtheHolyFather,thedelegateswereaccompaniedbytheSecretaryoftheCeremonialCongregation totheapartmentsofCardinalGasparri,receivingthemilitarysalutes duetothemfromtheVaticanguards ontheway.HisEminenceoffered themhiscongratulations,andconversed

HibernianAustralasianCatholicBenefitSociety. (ApprovedbytheHierarchyoftheChurchandRegisteredundertheFriendlySocieties'ActsofAtomism.). ItsWatchwordsare:RELIGION,NATIONALITY,CATHOLICITY,BENEVOLENCE.

ItreessentiallyIrishandCatholic,anditSpeciallyAppealstoCatholics(malesandfemales),demaadiagMau ClPPORTandALLEGIANCE.itraticheswillbeestablishedinmayLOCALITYonreceiptbytheDIS- TRICTSECRETARYofar.quietonSIGNEDbyTENPERSONS,saaetioaedbythePRIESTofthe DISTRICT,thenamesandagesofintendingmembersbeingfullysetoutintherequisition.

,50BRANCHESthroughouttheCommonwealthandNewZealand;60.000membersandL300,383lbhied.. FinancialhelpandMedicalAssistanceincasesofSicknessGuaranteed.

NOENTRANCEFEESFORBENEFITMEMBERS.

MODERATECONTRIBUTIONS

LOANSADVANCEDINLARGEORSMALLAMOUNTSONAPPROVEDCITYANDSUBURBANFREE- HOLDPROPERTIES.

FullparticularsonapplicationtoJ.J.O'FARRELL,DistrictSecretary,HibernianHall,Murraystreet,Perth.

ABishoponCarsonism

Mr.S,M.O'Mara,theMayorofLimerick,presidedatapublicdemonstrationheldonSundayafternoonatThe CrescentinsupportoftheSinnFein movement.

Thesecretary,Mr.D.McNamara, readthefollowingletter,daterthe Palace,Corbally,16thMarch,1918, fromtheBishop,theMostRev.Dr. Hallinan:-

DearSir,-Inreplytoyourkindinvitationtobepresentatyourpublic meetingonnextSundaytofurther Ireland'sclaimfornationalindependencebeforethePeaceConference, allowmetosaythatasIhavenever inmylifebeenonapoliticalplatform, normadeapoliticalspeech,Iamnot goingtobeginnow;butwhilstIhave thusscrupulouslyabstainedfrom takinganyactivepartinpoliticsI havebeen,eversinceIbecameapriest, acloseobserverandstudentofthe politicalmovementsinthecountry, a3havealwaysformedmyownideas andjudgmentonthem.

Perhapsyouwouldwishtoknowmy viewsonthepresentsituationand politicaloutlookinIreland.Herethey are:

WhenfiveYearsagoaHomeRule BillforIrelan-dwasbeingdiscussedin theBritishParliament,accordingto theestablishedruleoftheBritishConstitution,SirEdwardCarsonraised thestandardofrevolt,organisedan armedrebellionagainsttheapplication oftheHomeRulemeasuretoUlster. Thishedidnotsecretlybutopenly, andhewasaidedbyprominentmembersofParliament.Heproclaimedthat heknewhewasactingillegally,and defiedtheGovernmentofthedayto suppressorpunishhim.Atthesame timeamutinywasthreatenedincertainmilitaryregimentsforthesame reason.

OpenRebellion.

ThiswasopenandorganisedrebellionagainsttheBritishConstitution, which,forbrevity'ssake,1call,withoutmeaningoffence,bythenameof Carsonism.Whatwasdonetothis instigatorofarmed,organisedrebellionagainsttheBritishConstitution? Hegotsomeofthehighestpositions inthegiftoftheCrown.TheIrish Volunteers,sickenedanddisgustedat thiscondonationandrewardofCarsonism,roseupinrebellion,not,mind you,againsttheBritish butagainstCarsonism. ThatactionoftheGovernmentof EnglandincondoningCarsonismand shootingdowntheIrishVolunteers killedtheBritishConstitutioninIreland.Mr.AsquithcameovertoIrelandaftertheeventsofEasterWeek, 1916,andpubliclydeclaredthatDublinCastlerulehadfailedinIreland. No.Itwasmorethanthat.TheBritish ConstitutionitselfhadfailedinIreland,andIrelandisnolongerliving underit.Wearelivingunderthelaws madewhentheConstitutionwasappliedtoIreland,andareboundto obeythem.Otherwise,thesoundfabric wouldbedissolvedandanationwould beplungedintoanarchy.Carsonism killedtheBritishConstitutioninIreland.andwithitwhatwascalledthe ConstitutionalmovementinthiscountryastheConstitutionitself'hasfailed.TosendIrishrepresentativesto theBritishParliamentnowwouldbe nothingmoreorlessthanasillyfarce. IrishPolicy. Whatthenarewetodo?Whatis thealternative?SinnFein.SinnFein, ifIunderstanditaright,meansselfreliance;"trustourselves."Thatnow isthemotto.Thatnowisyourpolicy. Hithertowehavebeentoldtotrust theBritishdemocracy,totrustAsquith,totrustLloydGeorge,andwe arenowinnocentlyaskedtotrust-Wilson.Ifyoutaketheadvice,trustnone ofthem.Rememberthewordsofthe greatO'Connellattheendofhis career:"IneveryettrustedaBritish statesmanthatIwasnotdeceived." Trustyourselves,myfriends.Trust thelegalityofyourmethods.Trustthe guidinghandofthelivingProvidence thatiswatchingoverthedestinyof thisdearlandofours.Donottrust secretsocieties.Donottrustarmed rebellion.Thatwayleadstodisaster andruin.IfIeverfindoutthatSinn Fein.asanorganisationorapolicy, trustsineitherofthesemethods,from thatmomentIdisownanddistrust SinnFeinandwithdraweverywordI nowwriteinyourfavour.Standerect: closeyourranks;keepyourbacksto thewall;shoutfromtheplatform; shoutthroughthepress;letyourcry beheardtotheendsoftheearth,so thatwhenthisPeaceConferenceis heldeverybodywhotakespartinit mayknowthatamongstthelittlenationstowhichtheprincipleofselfdeterminationistobeappliedthe oldestandmostlegitimatetoitstitle, themosturgentinitsclaim,isIreland.

NoEffectiveUnion. Proclaimittothewholeworldthat duringthepastsevencenturiesanef-

fectiveunionhasneverexistedbetweenIrelandandEngland,andthat until"thelionandthesheepshall abidetogether,"and"thecalfandthe bearshallfeedtogether,"whichmeans never-nevercantherebeanyunderstandingoranyunionbetweenthese twonationsandraces-onethecontradictoroftheotherineveryelementthatentersintotheconstitutionofadistinctnationandrace. WhenthePeaceConferencerecognisestherightofIrelandtocomplete independence,Englandmustrecognise it.Itmust,Itwillbetimeenoughfor youtodiscusswhatformofgovernmentyouwillliveunder.Gainthe substancefirst,andthendiscussand decideontheformandaccidents.Well orderedhumanlibertyisnotnecessarilyboundupwithanyspecialformof government.Belgiumunderamonarchy,theUnitedStatesofAmerica underarepublic,areexamplesofgood governmentundereachform.Ifyou wantexamplesofbadgovernmentsin whichhumanlibertyisoppressedand strangledyouhaveonlytoturntothe MexicanRepublics.

firstTaskasleader

Mr.JohnDillonmadehisfirstspeech toIrishNationalistsatEnniskillenon Saturday,March16,aschairmanofthe IrishNationalistParty.Addressesof welcomewerepresentedtohimbyEnniskillenUrban.Councilandother publicbodies.

Mr.Dillon,inreplying,saidthatthe lastoccasiononwhichanaddresswas presentedtoapoliticalleaderbythe UrbanCouncilofthatancienttown waswhenSirEdwardCarsonvisited thetowninthecourseofhiscampaign toorganisecivilwarinUlster.Alas! thatcampaignborefruitfardifferent fromthatwhichhehadcountedon, Millionsofhumanliveshadbeensacrificed;andcivilisationitselfhadbeen shakentoitsfoundationsinEurope, partly,andinconsiderablemeasure,as aresultofthatcampaign.Hetookit asathingofgoodaugurythatthere, afterastrugglethathadlastedforso manyyears,hecame,notasachampion.ofcivilwarorofdisorder,butas achampionofthatpartywhosehighestidealwastouniteallIrishmenfor thegoodoftheircountryandtoobliterateforeverthereligiousdissensionsandpartyconflictwhichhad cursedtheirnationforsolong.Sir EdwardCarsonhadspokenwithscorn andcontemptoftheLeagueofNationsasapossiblesolutionofthewar.

SirEdwardCarsonhadalwaysbeen theapostleofdiscord,anditwasno wonderthathecarriedhisIrishprinciplesandideasintotheEuropean war.

"Ifeel,"continuedMr.Dillon,"that myfirsttaskwillbetotellEngland beforetheworldthatherstatesmen mustceasetotalkofaLeagueofNa. tions,orpretendtocarryonthiswar indefenceofsmallnationalitiesunless shesetsherownhouseinorder-(applause)-andsetsfreethenationWhich for700yearshasgroanedunderher misgovernment.Thatisthemessage whichIhope,withmoreorlessunited supportfromallIrishNationalists throughouttheworld,toconveytothe GovernmentofEngland.Iamnot withoutsomehopethatSirEdward Carson,afterhavingsurveyedtheresultofhisworkin1914,willshrink fromstandingupbeforetheworldnow andundertaketosaythattheliberty ofmankindandthehopesoftheworld tobefreefromthewarinthefuture areasdustinthebalancecompared withhisidealofmaintainingfaction andreligiousdifferenceinthiscountry."

ThehourhadcomewhenthedeliberationsoftheConventionoughtto bebroughttoaconclusion,andhe hopedconfidentlythatwithinthenext fewdaysIrelandwouldbeallowedto knowwhatwastheresult.IfunhappilyitshouldbefoundthattheConventionwasunabletoarriveata settlement,theIrishquestionwould assumewithinaweekortwoamore formidableshapethanever. HewasofopinionthatIrelandwas ontheeveofoneofthemostmomentousstrugglesinallhertragichistory. Glanville'sLemonHeadachePowders, TheGreatAustralianRemedyfor

FranceandtheVatican

ThequestionoftherenewalofdiplomaticrelationswiththeVatican(says the"CatholicTimes")isocupyingthe mindsofpublicmeninFrance.Newspaperslikethe"Temps"andthe "JournaldesDebits,"magazineslike the"RevuedesDeuxMondes"andthe "RevueHebdomadaire,"havediscussedtheprobleminallitsbearings. WriterslikeFernandLaudet,republicanDeputieslikeLazareWeiller, statesmenlikeGabrielHanotauxare agreedthattheStatehasplaceditself inapositionwhichisnolongertenablewithregardtotheChurch.When theFrenchGovernmentsomethirteen yearsagowithdrewitsambassador fromRome,itdiditscountrythe greatestpossibledisservice,abandoningtheprivilegedpositionwhichit hadoccupiedattheCourtofthePope, andleavingthefieldopentotherepresentativesoffriendsandrivals. Whenthewarbrokeouttherivalsbe-cameenemies,andwereabletoenter uponapropagandawithoutletor hindrance.Thus,inthefirstyearof thewar,beforeItalycamein,German agentsinRomesedulouslyspreadreportsofBelgianandFrenchfranctireurs,ofRheimsCathedralbeing usedasapostofmilitaryobservation, ofGermanprisonersbeingill-treated, ofchurchesandconventsintheGermancoloniesbeingsacked.Francehad nolongeranyaccreditedagentonthe spottorefutethesereports,andto makeknownthetruth.

PowerofthePapacy.

ThePapacy,ifnotaState,isa power,agreatmoralandspiritual power,millionsineverycountryof EuropeandAmerica,friendsandfoes, arereadytoacceptthepronouncementofthePopeonapointofreligion,ofrights,andoflaw.Itisamatter ofgreatimportforeverycountryengagedinthewar,andevenfor,neutrals,toplacetheircasebeforehim initstruelight.ThedifferentPowers, fullyrealisingthisfact,Serbia,England,Holland,andJapansenttheir representativestotheVatican.France, "theeldestdaughteroftheChurch,"is withoutacounseltopleadhercause inthehighestspiritualcourt.Thezeal ofhermissionaries,thedevotionofher religiousOrdershadbuiltupschools, colleges,orphanagesandhospitalsin Palestine,Syria,throughoutTurkey, andhadlabouredinthecauseof ChristiancivilisationinMohammedan countries.Theiradherentsinthenear Eastnumberedamillionbeforethe war;ahundredthousandchildrenattendedtheirschools.Theworksof charityjustifiedtheprivilegedpositionwhichshehadsincethetimesof FrancisI.,ofLouisXV.,andNapoleon, ofprotectingCatholicsoftheLatin andalsoof'theOrientalrite. TheLoweringoftheFrenchFlag. Formerly,whenreligiousOrdersof othernationalitiestriedtoencroach, theFrenchwereable,throughtheir AmbassadorattheVatican,toputthe matterbeforethePope,whocould makeinquiries,and,ifnecessary,redressinjustice.Thepositionwhichshe hadoccupiedwascovetedbyothernations;andtheagreementof1905,that thehousesofthedifferentmissions shoulddisplaytheflagofthemajority ofitsinmates,resultedinthelowering oftheFrench.andthehoistingofthe ItalianortheAustrianflag,over housesoriginallyfoundedbyFrench- .* men.Undoubtedly,Frenchinfluence andprestigeintheEastsufferedduringthelastthirteenyears.Butmany housesstillremained.Theysurvived duringthewar.Indeed,itwasthe actionofBenedictXV.,exercised throughtheApostolicDelegatein Constantinople,whichhelpedtopreservetheremnantoftheiradherents.

TheReturnoftheOrders. BeforeverylongtheOrderswillbe returningandrebuildingtheirhouses.

Atthefinalsettlementmanyquestions willariseamongsttheAllieswhichwill bereferredtoRome.ItwillbeimpossiblefortheFrenchGovernmentto disregardtheclaimsoftheFrench houses.FrencewillrequireadulyaccreditedagencytoenterintonegotiationswiththeVatican.Tocomenearer home:allFrenchmenlookforwardto thetimewhentheywillregainposses. sionofAlsaceandLorraine.Inthese provincestheChurchisstillestablished,theConcordatstillholdsgood. Francecannotpossiblydestroywhat Germanyhasrespected,norshowherselflessjustorlessgeneroustoher ownchildrenthantheenemyhas shown.Fortheadministrationofthe temporalitiesoftheChurchinthetwo provincestheStatemustberepresentedattheVatican.

ThePope'sAffectionforFrance. TheactionofthepresentPopehas smoothedtheway.BenedictXV.,who hasbeenchargedwithpartialityfor Germanyandthinly-veiledhostility towardstheAllies.hasneverlostan opportunityoftestifyinghiswarm andsincereaffectionfortheverycowl-

trywhichhasputsuchaslighton him."Toputitshort,IloveFrence," hesaidanonememorableoccasion. Hisdeedswereasgoodashiswords. Frenchpeoplecannotforgetthate,notwithstandingthemanycallsonhim, hesentanofferingof40,000francsto theSecoursNational,agiftof10,000 francsfortheruinedchurches,of 40,000francsforthepriestsoftheinvadeddistricts,andthathesuggested themutualexchangeofwoundedprisonersandofciviliansunabletodo militaryservice,aswellastheinternmentinSwitzerlandofthosethatwere sick.ThedifferentGovernmentswere abletoconveytheirthanksforthese services.Francealonewasobligedto observeanofficialsilence.Buttheappealtothegratitudeandthegenerous impulseofthepeoplehasnotbeenin vain.Amovementhasbeenseton foot,andasastatesmanacquainted withpoliticalprocedureremarked,''an expressionofpublicopinionwillbe followedbytheactionoftheauthorities."

ThousandsofPetitions.

Aninformalreferendum,takenby theCongresJeanned'Arc,theAction SocialedelaFemme,andthe"Revue Hebdomadaire"isbringinginpetitions bythethousandsfortheresumption ordiplomaticrelationswiththeHoly See.Amongstthesignaturesarethose ofpoliticians,menofletters,officers, soldiers;thereappearalsothenames ofwell-knownProtestants,Jews,and Freemasons,Historyrepeatsitself.It isnotthefirsttimethattheStatehas brokenawayfromRomeandhasreturned.Itwasafterarupturefar moreviolentthanthatwhichhasnow takenplacethatNapoleonin1801reestablishedthepublicprofessionof Christianity,restoredtheChurch,and enteredintonegotiationswiththe Pope.Hefeltthenecessityofputting backintoitsplacethatpowerwhich alonecouldgivelawandorderand stabilitytosocietyshakenbythe Revolution.IsthereastrongmantodayinFrance?WillM.Clemenceau provehimselfatruestatesman?Will hehavethestrengthofcharacterto beinconsistentand,regardlessofhis ownpast,todowhatthecountry, shakenfromwithoutandwithin,requires,whatisright?

SignaturesofMenofAllClasses. Thepetitionfortheresumptionof diplomaticrelationswiththeHoly .ti+ee,issuedbythecommitteeofthe CongresJeanned'Arc,was,onitsfirst appearance,warmlywelcomedbythe publicinFrance.Buta.changeseemed totakeplaceingeneralopinion,and thenumbersofsignaturescomingin decreasedforatimeowingtothe PontificalPeaceNote.Now,however. asmisapprehensionshavebeenremoved,andasthePope'sproposalsarc seentobeinsubstancenotunlike thoseputforwardbyMr.LloydGeorge andPresidentWilson,themovement hassetinagainwithrenewedforce. RecenteventsinPalestinehavepowerfullycontributedtodrawattentionto thisquestion;andtheFrenchEpiscopateWhich,forobviousreasons,had beenobligedtoadoptanattitudeof prudentreserve,nowopenlyfavours themovement.Withinacomparatively shorttimesome200,000signatures havebeenreceivedofmenofallstates andconditions.Itseemsinvidiousto mentionespeciallythosewhodonot belongtotheclericalparties.Butthe namesofLazare,Weiller,theJewish Deputy,MarcelHutin,andWolfof theInstitute,speakforthemselves. JeanRichepui,thatmosthirsutepoet, whomnoonecansuspectofclericalism,haspronouncedhimselfstrongly infavourofresumingrelationships withtheVatican.JosephReinach, oncethefriendandfollowerofGambetta,isnowoneofthewarmestpartisansofthemeasure,andhasoffered hisservices,shouldtheyberequired, tobringaboutitsrealisation.Hefeels, asdootherpublicmen,thatFrance cannolongeraffordtostandaside,as thoughsheweresulking,orbrooding overpastquarrels,orfearfulofwhat somemenmaysay,butmusttakeher properplace,withothercivilisednations,attheCourtofthePope.Noris itlikelythatherallieswillgreetwith anythingelsethanasincerewelcome there-entranceoftheFrenchambassadoramongsttheirownrepresentatives, whowillstrengthentheirhandsinthe manyanddifficultnegotiationsthat willhavetoheundertaken.

ThelateHon.LouisHeydon

ThedeathoftheHon.L.F.Heydon, M.L.C.,whichoccurredsomewhatsuddenlyathisresidence,"Kentifern," HuntersHill,on17thMay,removes onewho,fornearly30years,hasgiven nobleandgenerousservicetothefurtheranceofCatholicsocialandcaritablework.BorninSydney,70years ago,thedeceasedgentlemanwasedu

ratedatSt.Mary'sSeminaryandthe GrammarSchool.Bothhisparents wereconvertstotheCatholicfaith, andhisfather,Mr.JabezK.Heydon, tookakeenandpracticalinterestin Catholicjournalisticmatters. Mr. Heydonwas,_foratime,inhisyouth, connectedwithoneofthebankinginstitutions;butlaterdecidedtostudy forthelaw,andeventuallybuiltup oneofthefinestpracticesinthecity. Keenlyinterestedinpoliticalmatters, hewasreturnedtotheStateParliamentforYassPlainsonseveraloccasions,andin1885hebecameMinister forJusticeinSirJohnRobertson's Ministry.Oflate-years,however,his politicalactivityhadbeenconfinedto theLegislativeCouncil,towhichhe wasappointedin1889.Buthewillbe bestrememberedbyhissplendidservicestoCatholicinterests,towhichhe haddevotedsome26yearsofhislife. ManyyearsagoHisEminencethelate Cardinalshowedhiscompleteconfidenceinhimbyappointinghimasthe firstpresidentoftheWestmeadOrphanage;andwhen,alittlelater,all theconferencesoftheSt.Vincentde PaulSocietythroughoutAustralasia wereunitedunderaSuperiorCouncil, Mr.Heydonbecamethefirstpresident ofthatCouncil.For20yearsherepresentedCatholicintesestsontheState Children'sReliefBoard,andhisservicesonthatboardwereofimmense valueinthesafeguardingofthespiritualandmaterialwelfareoftheCatholicchildrenunderitscare.Thedeceasedgentlemanleavesawidowand asonanddaughter-Mr.J.K.Heydon andMr.W.E.Collingridge.R.I.P.-

WestPerthNotes

LATELIEUT.PHILVOWELS,M.C.

Widespreadregretwasexpressed whenitbecameknownthatLieutenantPhilVowelshaddiedfromwounds inFranceonthe10thofMay.Over threeyearsagoheleftthisState,and hasbeeninmostoIthebigstuntsin whichthemenoftheWesthavedistinguishedthemselves.Hewasseveral timeswounded,andoncewasposted missing.Aftersometimeheturnedup inhospitalbadlywounded,butafter somemonthswasreturnedagainto thefightingline.Hewasafinestamp ofyoungAustralianmanhoodandan excellentCatholic.Hislettershome alwaysbreathedaferventfaithin God,anditiscertainthatinhislast struggleagainsttheenemyhewas fullypreparedforeveryemergency, andthathediedasaCatholicsoldier shoulddie.Itisagreattributetohis intelligenceandworththatfrombeing a"privateherosetotherankoflieutenant,andsodistinguishedhimself astowincovetedmilitarydecorations forbraveryonthebattlefield.He enlistedinPerthinAugust,1914,and wasoneoftheoriginal11thBattalion, whotookpartinthefamouslanding

IGrandTheatre DIRECTION

SATURDAY.lstJUNE.

KITTYGORDONin "TheDIVINESACRIFICE."

WEDNESDAY,5thJUNE:

.atGallipoli.Aftersomemonthshe wasinvalidedtoEnglandsuffering fromentericfever.Onregaininghealth, hereturnedtoFrance,andwaswoundedintheBattleofBullecourt,and againatPozieres.Ashortwhileago hereturnedtothefront,andnowthe sadnewscomesthathewasmortally woundedonthe10th.ult.Thelate lieutenantwaswellknowninPerth andCoolgardie.Forbraveryonthe fieldofbattlehewontheMilitary Crossandbar.Previouslytoenlisting hewasemployedatMessrsSandover's, Perth,andwashighlyesteemedbyall whoknewhim.Hisearlyeducation wasreceivedatSt.Michael'sSchool, Horsham,Victoria.Hewasadevotedsonandbrother,andthe sincerestsympathyofallwhoknow hisesteemedmotherandsisters(one ofwhomisaSisteroftheOrderof St.JohnofGod,atSubiaco)willgo outtothemintheirgreitbereavement.Mayhissoulrestinpeace.

GodfreyKent,sonofMr.andMrs. J.Kent,ofProspectPlace,hasbeen wounded(thesecondtime)inaction. Hehasjustenteredhisnineteenth year,andhasalreadybeeninseveral "scrums"withtheenemy.Hisold chumsofSt.Brigid'sandSt.Pat'swill surelywishhimaspeedyrecovery.

Theusualmonthlycollectionforthe parishdebtfundwillbetakenupat thethreeMassesto-morrow.

Mr.T.Odgers,awell-knownworker ofthelocalconferenceofSt.Vincent dePaul,anditsfirstpresident,returnedfromtheEastduringtheweek afteranextendedlioliday.Theozone oftheEastseemstohavewroughta wonderfullyfinetoniceffectonhim.

Don't,forthelifeofyou,forgetthe euchrepartyanddanceonthe17th June.Thesplendidsuccessofthelast twofunctionsisnodoubtfixedin yourminds,andyouareboundtowant somemoreofthepleasureyouhad fromthem.Itwillbeasgoodasthe bestthateverwas,andalotbetter. Sogetyourticketearly;there'sgoing tobeascarcityofthematthefinish.

Specialeffortsshouldbemadeby membersoftheSacredHeartSodality tobepresentinfullstrengthduring themonthofJunedevotions.Ofall themonthsoftheyear,Junecomes touswithanappealingwinsomeness, becauseitisthemonthdedicatedto theSacredHeart,thefountainoflove andpity.Theworldisdrenchedwith sorrowbythewar,andnumberless homesareinmourning.EverypracticalCatholicintheparish(ah!and thetepidonestoo)shouldmake theNovenatotheSacredHeartwhich opensthedevotionsofthemonth,and beseechthepitifulDivineHeartto staythescourgeofwarandrestorea strickenworldtothewaysofpeace again.Itishopedthatmembersofthe socialitywillremembertheirpromises madewhentheywerereceivedinto thesodality,andthatduringtheweeks ofJunetheywillgiveevidenceoftheir devotiontotheSacredHeart.

majestictheatres

ShowingPERTH:

BRYANTWASHBURN

Inthepowerfulsix-actdrama, "THEBLINDNESSOF VIRTUE."

ShowingFREMANTLE:

JulesVerne'sColossalMasterpiece, "20,000LEAGUESUNDER THESEA."

Filmedatthebottomofthe ocean,

ALICEBRADYin "THESPURSOFSYBIL," TheatreRoyal T.COOMBE.

SATURDAY,1stJUNE,

AndalltheWeek:

E.J.CARROLLpresents

RexBeach'sworld-famousnovel,in eightsmashingacts, "THEBARRIER."

IrelandandConscription

LloydGeorgethreatenstobecome oneofthemostsinisterfiguresof Britishhistory.Heisdoingmoremischiefbyhisblundersthanatyrantby hiscrimes..Thegenerationstocome mayhaveoccasiontolookbackathit perfervidcalculationsandshudderat 'theevilthatfollowedinthewakeof Incompetence,winningitsdisastrous waywithaneloquenttongue.

IfIrelanddoesnotstandoutin thosedaysashismosttragicerrorit willbebecauseofsomevirtueinherentintheIrishracepreservingitfrom thecalamitousconsequencesofhis actions.

Aproposalmoreperniciousthan thatofassociatingHomeRulewith theimpositionofconscriptioncould notpossiblybeimagined,andifLloyd Georgeprovestobeasobstinateashe isineptGodonlyknowswhatwill happen.

Irelandisentitledtothefullestmeasureofself-governmentfreefrom humiliatingorhurtfulconditions.No nationonearthhasmoreconclusively establishedtherighttobethearbiter ofitsowndestiny.IamnotIrishmyselftotheextentofthetiniestdrop ofblood,butifIwereIwouldthrill withprideasIreadthestoryofIreland'sfightforliberty.

Hermartyrsandherheroesareso numerousthattheyshineinthedark firmamentofherhistoryasdensely asstarsintheMilkyWay.Herpeople forloveofherhavebornewitha splendidfortitudethecruelestsuffering,andhavedisplayedacouragesublimebyreasonofitsveryhopelessness. ThatamanlikeLloydGeorge-,a glib-tongued,shallow-patedMr.Plausible-shouldto-dayhavepowertorob thispeopleofthefruitsofcenturiesof sacrificeandstruggle,isanintolerable thought.

TheyshallnothaveHomeRule,he says.unlesstheyalsohaveconscription.Andwiththewholemightofthe BritishEmpiredebasedtohiswillhe declareshisdeterminationtobring Irelandundertheharrowofmilitary compulsion.

YetthetwothingswhichLloyd Georgewouldlinktogetherconstitute ahorribleanomaly.Conscriptionimposedwithoutconsentisadenialof HomeRule.Thenationthatiscompelledtoseeitsmanhoodconscripted byanothernationis iftheveryfirstessentialofself-government.Tosaythatitpossesses HomeRulewhileitsmenarebeing snatchedawaybyanoutsideauthoritytofightinforeignlandsagainst theirwillistousethelanguageof mockery.

InthosepartsoftheEmpirewhere conscriptionisinforceithasreceived atleastsomecolourofdemocratic sanction.Wherethepeoplehavenot assentedbydirectvote,theirrepresentativeshavedonesobyParliamentarymajorities.

InthecaseofIrelandboththe peopleandtheirchosenspokesmen arebitterlyandirreconcilablyopposed tosuchameasure.Thelatterhave warnedthe.BritishGovernment..that theenforcementofmilitarismwillbe resisted'ineverytownandvillagein thecountry.Theyhavepassionately declaredthatitwillhavetheeffectof creating"anotherfront,"andofprecipitating"aconflictinwhichBritain's moralpositionbeforetheworldwill belost."

Itisathoroughlybadbusiness.this of.LloydGeorge's.Itdoesnotpossess asingleredeemingfeature.Italienatesoneofthecomponentpartsof theEmpireatatimewhenitshould bethehighestaimofstatesmanship to.ensureunity.

ButLloydGeorgeisnotastatesman.Thereisnotoneofhiscolleagues

whoexhibitstheslightesttraceof statesmanlikequalities. Englandisindeedunfortunatein herrulers.Thisfrightfulcrisisfinds herfateinthehandsofmenabsolutelydestituteofthevisionthatsaves. AsMr.ASquithsolemnlyasserted, "Itwillbeanactofalmostterrible short-sightednesstoprecedetheselfgovernmentofIrelandbyimposing conscription."Theex-PremierofEnglandadded:''TheadditionalmanpowerwhichwewillgetfromIreland byconscriptionwillnotbalancethe drawbacks.Theresultwillbe,notan increase,butadiminutioninthenationaleffortsforthewar."

Everyonewhoisnotblindtothe patentfactsofourowntimemust realisethesanenessofthatview.To attempttotakeIrishmenfromIrelandcompulsorilytoserveinthefield willbe,astheLondon"DailyChronicle"says,"aseriousblunder,which willassuredlyblastthefairpromiseof areconciliationbetweenIrelandand England."

Itistobehoped,notonlyforIreland'ssake,butforthesakeofour raceanditsfuture,thatLloyd George'sill-advised,ill-omenedmeasure,shoulditbeenacted,willnever beenforced.-II.E.BintheSydney -Worker."

PopularFremantleNurse farewelled

Theyounglady,MissAnnieWaters, whosephotowereproduceinthis page,isoneofabandofstaffnurses fromtheBaseHospital,FreMantle, whoembarkedrecentlyonahospital shipfoundfortheseatofwar.DaughterofMr.andMrs.Waters,Thompson road.NorthFremantle,SisterWaters hasspentthegreaterpartofthepast

SISTERA.WATERS.

twoyearsattheBaseHospital,which sheenteredundertherankoflieutenant,andwheresheendearedherselfto allwithwhomshecameincontact.In viewofSisterWaters'departurefor thefront,andasamarkoftheesteem inwhichshewasheldinthelocality, aselectentertainmentandbanquet, recentlygiveninherhonourbyMrs. Connollyandherdaughter,Mrs.J. Prindiville.attheirresidence,North Fremantle,waslargelypatronisedbyfriendsandwell-wishers.Amostenjoyableeveningwasspent,Sister Watersbeingtherecipientofnumerous

littlegiftsfromtheinvitedguests. Rev,FatherNeville,0.M.I.,onbehalf oftheguestoftheevening,returned thanksinafewwell-chosenwords. MissWatersisanex-pupilofthe SacredHeartLadies'College,Fremantle.Heralmamaterisproudofher. andjoinswithusinwishingherbon voyageandsafereturnhome.

YoungIrelandSociety

Theusualweeklymeetingofthe abovewasheldonMondayevening last,allpreviousattendencesbeing eclipsed.Itisapparentth,atthe societywillshortlybecompelledto seeklargerpremises,itsgrowthsince itsformationtwomonthsagobeing remarkable.

Attheconclusionofthelanguage classesapleasanthourwasspentby themembersenjoyingthesongand storyoftheoldland.

Owingtothenecessityofobtaining furtherseatingaccommodationa workingbeehasbeenfixedfor_this afternoon(Saturday),whenthose memberswhoarehandywithtoolsare requestedtobringthemalongtothe society'sroomsandhelptomakeA numberofforms.

OnWednesdaynext,5thJune,a socialanddance,undertheauspices ofthesociety,willbeheldinthe HibernianHall,theproceedstobe donatedtothewidowandorphansof thelateM.J.Sullivan.Arecordattendanceisanticipated,asIrish-Irelandersarealwaysinthefrontwhena caseofdistressispresentedtothem.

F.C.M.Society

Thefirstmeetinginconnectionwith thenewlyformedF.C.M.S.washeld onSunday,April28.Mr.W.A.Hoey occupiedthechairinthepresenceof Rev.FatherCallan,0.M.I.,anda largeandenthusiasticattendanceof Catholicmenoftheparish.Thechairman,whowasinstrumentalinthe formingofthenewsociety,outlined in-hisopeningspeech,themainobjectsofitsformation.TheFremantle CatholicInstituteandChristianBrothers'OldBoysAssociationhadbeen, onthevergeofcollapseforsomeconsiderabletimepast,mainlythrough theincreasinglackofinteresttaken bymembersintheaffairsofthe society.ThedistrictofFremantle, whichhasalargeCatholiccommunity, shouldnotbewithoutastrongCatho licsociety,andrecognisingthefact thatthisisatimewhenallCatholics shouldbestronglyunited,itwasdecidedbyaspecialmeetingoftheF.C.I., heldtheweekprevious,towindupthe affairsofthesocietyaltogether,and formanewoneonanimprovedconstitution.Thishasbeensuccessfully carriedout,andthenewconstitution, framedbyaspecialcommitteeappointed.wassubmittedtothemeeting ofMay5thandadopted.Each'rule wasdealtwithseparately,andasthis proceduretookupaconsiderable amountoftime,themeetingwasadjournedtillthefollowingSundayfor thepurposeofnominationofofficers. Againtherewasalargeandrepresentativeattendance,whichexceededthe previousmeetingbyagoodnumber. Theelectionofofficersweredecided uponafterthenominationswerecomplete,andresultedasfollows:President,Mr.W.A.Hoey;vice-president, Mr.A.Brien;secretary,Mr.D.P. Fitzgerald;treasurer.Mr.A.Wallwork:librarian,Mr.F.Carey;warden, Mr.F.Fioiro;committee,MessrsJ. Whitely.W.Whitely,J.Monaghan,J. Brady,andM.Cullity;presscorrespondent.Mr.A.Wallwork.

TheF.C.M.S.,whichhasnoconnectionwithanyotherCatholicbody whatever,isnowinfullswing.and promisestobecomeaverystrongone.

Newmembers-arebeingsteadilyenrolled,andaprintedcircularistobe sentouttoallCatholicsintheparish whoarenotyetmembers.Thesociety embracesallCatholicboysandmen fromtheageof14upwards.Thesubscriptionissmallandwithinthe meansofall,beingisperquarterfor juniormembers,and3s6dperquarter forseniormembers,withanomination feeofisinbothcases..Therooms, whicharesituatedattherearofSt. Patrick'sChurch,includealibrary, readingroom,piano,andbilliardtable, andagymnasiuminthecourseofformation.Ithasbeendecidedtoholda grandopeningsmokesocialonTuesday,June11th,andastheadmission isonlyIs6d,itisexpectedthata largeattendanceofCatholicmenof theparishandsurroundingdistricts willbepresent.

LIMBSRAVAGEDBY ULCERS

Zam-Buk'sWonderfulHealing.

OnedayMr.J.K.Johnstone,of25 Verestreet,WestRichmond,Melbourne,gotanastywoundontheshin throughbeingkickedbyahorse. "Fearfulcomplicationsensued,"says Mr.Johnstone,"andsoonIwassufferingunspeakableagonyfrombloodpoisoning.Myleggotinto,adreadful state,itbecameulcerated,inflamed, andfestered.Thesorewouldnotheal, andformonthsitwasanastyopen wound,causingmuchsuffering.Itried allsortsofremedies,amongstthem thoseprescribedbyourdoctor,but withouttheleastgoodresult.Myleg becameworse,andtoaddtomy miserymyleftlegbrokeoutaswell, andbetweenthetwoIwasnearlyout ofmymindfromthepain.Fortwo yearsIsufferedterribly,andalmost despairedofeverbeing'better.

"HearingthatZam-Bukwasagood healerforulceratedlegsandsores,I procuredasupplyanddressedmylegs withit.Thesoreswereeasedand soothedbyitsmildactionalmostimmediately.Ideterminedtocontinue withZam-Buk,andregularlyapplied ittotheinjuredsurface.Itwasalong up-hillfight,butpersistencewithZamBukwontheday.Finally,whenallinflammationandpoisonousmatterhad beenremoved,thewoundsassumeda healthycondition,andfinallyhealed upaltogether."

Onthefarm,sheep-run,andcattlestation,andinthehome,mine,or workshop,Zam-Bukshouldalwaysbe kepthandy.Itisinvaluableforflesh woundsandcold-sores,ulceration,piles, rheumatism,chilblains,cuts,burns, scalds,sprains,andallsimilarinjuries. Zam-Bukhealsquickly,andisasplendidsafeguardagainstblood-poison,and festering.Obtainableofallchemists andstores,1/6,3/6perpot.Ifnot obtainablefromyourvendorwewill postdirecttoyouatsameprices.Address,C.E.Fulford(Aus.),Ltd.,39. Pittstreet,Sydney.

THEW.A.RECORD.

: People,PlacesandThings

TELEPATHY.

Once,inwind-sweptbleakIona,holy Columbkillethesage, Allalone,inthescriptorum,bentabove thepicturedpage, WrotethewondrousGospelstorythat shallguidethewaysofmen

InthefootstepsoftheSaviourtillHe cometoearthagain.

'Twasforhimapleasantlabour,clear andbeautifulthescript, Andthecapitalsseemedwrittenwith apeninrainbowsdipped; Mazyspiralsinthemarginfilledbeholderswithdelight, Mensaid,"Surely,angelfingersmust havecomethisbooktowrite."

Suddenlythesaint,interror,onthe floor-hispenletfall"Help!"hecried-tothescriptorum ranthefrightenedbrethrenall; TheretheyfoundtheholyAbboton hisknees,hishandsupraised; 'Whathashappened?"criedthey loudly,asuponhisfacetheygazed.

"Itisnought,"saidhe,"Ionlyonour GuardianAngelcalled, Seeing,o'erthesea,inDurrow,somethinghappenthatappalled; Fromtheroundtower'sloftysummit suddenlyabrotherfell, AndIsoughttheAngel'ssuccour-he issavedandalliswell."

"Ah,mychildren,seehowGodisever mercifulandgoodNever,withoutHispermission,fallsa sparrowinthewoodLetussingHimaTeDeumforthe boonHehasconferred AttheprayerofsinfulColumb,so unworthytobeheard."

Onanotherday,whenfogandfrost througheverycrevicecrept, AllatoncetheholyAbbotbitterly beforethemwept, Andwhenaskedwhatcausedhissadness,orifthey'ddoneaughtamiss, Givenwithanairbenignant,hisreply tothemwasthis:

"HowcanIbutfeelunhappywhenin bitterrainandcold, BrothersinfardistantDurrowforced tolabourIbehold, Building,bycommandofLaisran,the roundtowerstrongandtall?

'Tisforthemmyheartismournful, chilledandhungryaretheyall."

Attheself-samemomentLaisran,as it'afterwardswaslearned, Feltawarmglowofcompassion,within himstrangelyburned, Andhecalledthebuilderskindlyfrom theirtoilsometaskandrude, Gavethemcomfort,hadthemseated roundthefire,andbroughtthem food.

Andnotforthatonedayonly,from theirtaskweretheyreleased, Butthelabourwassuspendedtillthe wintryweatherceased; AndSt.Laisranneverafterforharsh wordordeedwasblamed, ButtheFatherandConsolerofhis monkswasfondlynamed. -T.B.Fenelon.

GeneralPershing,commendingthe AmericanForcesatthefront,addshis testimonytotheurgentneedofreligionasthesupremeforceinmen'slives.

AdespatchfromWashingtonstates thattheGeneralhasrecommendedto theWarDepartmentthatthenumber ofchaplainsinthearmybeincreased toanaverageofthreeforeachregilent,withareservetobedrawnupon asrequired."Ibelievethepersonnel ofthearmyhasneverbeenequalled andtheconducthasbeenexcellent," theGeneralstatesinhiscablegram, "buttoovercomeentirelytheconditionsfoundhererequiresfortitude bornofgreatcourageandloftyspiritualideas.Countingmyselfresponsible forthewelfareofourmeninevery respect,itismydesiretosurround themwiththebestinfluencepossible. Inthefulfilmentofthissolemntrust itseemswisetorequesttheaidofthe churchesathome."Thenfollowsthe recommendationofmorechaplainsmenofthehighestcharacter,practical, invigouroushealthandaccustomedto dealingwithyoungmen.

HenryryVIII.sweptoutofexistence eighthundredlibraries,says'Truth." Canterburyalonehadeighteenthousandvolumes.Thesewerenotour shabby,flimsy,modernmachine-macle books,butwonderfulilluminatedvolumesonwhichliveshadbeenspent, andwereoftenworthaking'sransom. Whatbecameofthemall?OldJohn Baletellsusthat,"Menusedthemto scourtheircandlesticksandrubtheir boots.Sometheysoldtothegrocers andsoapsellers,andsometheysent overseatothebookbinders,notin smallnumbers,butinwholeshipfuls, tothewonderingofforeignnations.I knowamerchantman,thatshallat thistimebenameless,thatboughtthe contentsoftwonoblelibrariesforforty shillingsprice,ashameitistobe spoken.Thisstuffhasheocupiedinthe steadofwastepaper,by'thespaceof morethantenyears,andyethehath storeenoughformanyyearstocome."

OneofthemosturgentoftheReconstructionproblemsthatwillengage theattentionoftheGovernmentin theyearsfollowingPeaceisthatof thehousingoftheworkingclasses (saysthe"IrishCatholic").InDublin, wherethetenementevilhasassumed enormousdimensions,theproblemhas longbeenacute.Thepopulationof 304,802,of 194,250personsbelongtotheworkingclass.Oftheseit iscomputedthatabout32,000were livinginreasonablyhealthyhouses, buttheremaining128,000werehoused underconditionswhichcanonly arousefeelingsofhorroranddismay. Notonlyaretheconditionsinjurious tophysicalwell-being,theyarealso ofakindwhichiscalculatedtodestroythemoralhealthoftherising generation.Thereisnotacityinthe UnitedKingdomwhichcanmakeout strongercaseforGovernmentassistancethanDublinisinaposition topresent.

TheRightRev.JohnW.Shaw,D.D., BishopoftheDioceseofSanAntonio, Texas,hasbeenappointedArchbishop ofNewOrleansinsuccessiontoMost Rev.J.H.Blenk,S.M.,D.D.,whodied onApril20,1917.ArchbishopShaw willbethefirstnativeoftheUnited StatestoruletheSeeofNewOrleans. HehasdirectedtheDioceseofSan Antonionearlyeightyearsandinthat periodtherehasbeenaremarkable increaseinthenumberofitschurches, schoolsandotherinstitutions,notwithstandingthattherehasnotbeenany greatgrowthinthematerialprosperity ofthatsection.Hisachievementsincludedtheestablishmentofanecclesiasticalseminary,ahousefortheRedemptoristOrder,fivecitychurches andmanychapelsforthebenefitofthe poorandtheMexicans.

BrigadierGeneralMichaelV.SheridandiedathishomeinWashington, Februarylast,Hewasabrotherof GeneralPhilSheridan,thegreatcavalryleaderintheCivilWar.

The"patriots"who,afewyearsago weretryingtosavethecountryfrom theCatholicChurcharestrangely silentnow,says"TheTrueVoice," ourAmerican-Catholiccontemporary. Afewofthe"KnightsofLuther"have gottenintotroublewiththeGovernmentandothersarestronglysuspected ofpro-Kaiserism.The"Guardiansof Liberty"arenotinFrancefightingfor theircountry,asoneacquaintedwith theorganisationmightsuppose.They havegoneintohidinguntilafterthe war.PooroldGeneralMilesisno longergivingoutinterviewsonthe perilsofPapaldominationinthis country.Meanwhile,ourCatholic youngmenarefoundtoconstitute overone-thirdofourArmy.Someof theerstwhile"Guardians"seeinthis factanotherdangertothecountry.

Andthesamepapersays:Theconsumptionofalcoholicliquorsinthe UnitedKingdomduring1917showed adeclineofapproximatelyaspercent comparedwith1913.Ontheother hand;expenditureshowedthevery largeincreaseofover26percentcomparedwith1913,being,althoughin thefourthyearofthewarthehighest onrecordinthehistoryoftheUnited Kingdom.Mr.G.B.Wilson,Secretary U.K.Alliance,estimatesthesumspent onalcoholicliquorsintheUnited Kingdomlastyearat1259,000,000;in 1916at£204,00b,000:in1915at£182,000,000;andin1914at£164,500,000: Thetaxation-collectedby"thetrade" fromconsumersofbeer,wine,and spiritsin1917isestimatedat135,400,000.AlthoughinApril,1915,thePremiersaid:"Oneolthethingswe cannotaffordisadrinkbillof£160,000,000,"yetwehave,accordingtothe foregoingstatistics,livedtoseeadrink billof1259,000,000.

Lastweek(saysahomepaperdated March161thelargestsingleVoteof Credit-onefor£600,000,000-everpresentedtotheHouseofCommonswas movedbytheChancelloroftheExchequer.Thereisenoughmoneyalreadyvotedtocarryonthewaruntil theendofthecurrentfinancialyear (31st.inst.);andthelatestCreditis requiredforthethreemonthsofApril, MayandJune.AtthisrateofexpenditurethecosttotheUnitedKingdom ofwaginganotheryearofwarwill amounttothehugetotalof12,400,000,000.TheonlynewpointinMr. BonarLaw'sanalysisofthefinancial positionwashisannouncement,that theNationalDebtwouldbe£5,900,000,000attheendofthisyear.Taking atthatsum,theannualchargefor interestwillamountroughlyto £300,000,000,whichmustbedischarged bythetaxpayersforgenerationsto come.Inaddition,therewillbea heavychargeforpensions,whilethe costofcarryingonthenormalserviceswillalsobelargelyincreased. Hearingthesethingsinmind,the prospectofapeaceBudgetof£7.000,000,000atleastmustbecontemplated bythetaxpayersofthesecountries. serearethosealiveto-daywhocan recallthetimewhentheBritishBudgetsdidnotexceedahundredmillion sterlingperannum,andevenaslate asMr.Gladstone'slastyearsthetax andotherrevenuesoftheUnited Kingdomfellfarshortoftwohundred millionssterling.Those,therefore,who imaginethattheconclusionofhostilitieswillbringwithitanyremission (4taxationarelivinginafool'sparadise,

the RuskinStudios

Tel.A1898. BAIRDS'ARCADE

HIGH-CLASSPHOTOGRAPHERS.

OurSpecialties:Soldiers,Wedding Groups,ChildrenandPrsrentatios Groups.

Enlargementsfinishedinanystyle, coloursorplain.

Irisbnational'forester's

ASOCIETYFOR Noinitiationfee.Cheapestcontributions.

Thereismoreinterestthanmight havebeenexpectedinthelonely EuphratiantownofHit.Itstands highuponthelasteminenceofstone thattheriverknowsonitswaytothe sea.ItwasforthisreasonthatNebuchadnezzarsenttoHitforthestone foundationofthelatestadditiontohis Babylonianpalace,justasthefirst dynastyofkingsatAbydossentup rivertoAssuanforthegraniteflooringsoftheirtombs.Thetown(w"ites PercivalLandoninthe"DailyTelegraph")isnotwithoutdignity.The fortificationswhichringitabout'are solid,andthegreatgatesarenotunconsciousoftheirimportance.Date palmsandwhiningwater-wheels30 feetindiametergivecharactertothe riverbank.ButtherealinterestofHit liesinitsinexhaustiblebedsofbitumen.Atfivemilesdistancetheopen fieldsofpitchpoisontheairwiththe smellofrotteneggs,andthetradition thattheArkofNoahwaspitched withthepitchofHit,andthatthe TowerofBabelwascementedwith bitumenfromthesameplaceinlieu ofmortar,havethisjustification,that nootherknownopenfieldsofwhat theArabscall"naftum"werewithin reach,orevenknowledge,ofthe earliestinhabitantsofthelandbetweentherivers.Strategically,Hitis ofimportanceasthenaturaloutpost ofBagdadontheEuphratesroad; economically,thesevastresourcesof bitumenhavealreadyencouraged capitaliststosinkwellsfortheoil whichmustnecessarilylieingreat quantity,thoughprobably,also,at considerabledepth.

AlthoughCatholicismwasvirtually extinguishedinZurichfornearlythree centuries(15281807)andverymuch disturbedbytheschismoftheold Catholicsin1873,Catholicismhasassumedaconsiderabledevelopmentin thatcity.In1840theCatholicpopulationnumbered4000;in1870,8000;in 1880,16,000;to-daythetotalisreckonedasabout60,000,two-thirdsof whomarepracticalCatholics.They havefourCatholicchurchesattheir service,andafifthisinprocessof building.Moreover,therearetwenty prieststolookafterthespiritualneeds oftheCatholiccolonyofZurich,three hospitals,andmanyorganisationsfor theworkingman.Lastyear(1917),the fourthcentenaryofLuther,itisconsolingtolearnthattherewereeight CatholicmembersoftheGrandCouncil.andthreeInspectorsofSchools. MayGodcontinuetoblessthezealof theclergyandthegooddispositionsof theCatholiccommunity.

Accordingtoanofficialstatement issuedinWashington,theGermans haveexecutedthechaplainandtwo ofthenunsoftheHospitalofSaint Elizabeth,Antwerp,Belgium.

"UncleSam"hastakenuptheDaylightSavingplan,andallhistimepieces havebeenpushedonehourahead.The changewasinauguratedat2a.m.on EasterSunday.Itisexpectedtosave millionsofdollarsincoal,gasandelectricityandinotherways.

Amonumentistobeerectedin WashingtontothenunsandSisters whoservedduringtheCivilWar.Both PresidentLincolnandPresidentDavis commendedthemfortheircharityand goodwork.

Branches:HughO'Neill,Perth,every alternateThursday,TradesHall,Beautortstreet.BrianBoruBranch,Fromantle,everyalternateTuesday, FriendlySocieties'Hall,Highstreet, Secretary'saddress,W.Keating,U Burtstreet,Fremantle.CharlesStuart Parnell,Boulder,Secretary'saddress, CourtHotel,Boulder;meetsalternateFridays.JohnDillon,Midland Junction,J.F.O'Malley,Quebecstrait, MidlandJunction. Moneytolendonapplicationtothe Society'sSolicitors,MessrsJ.andR. Maxwell,Barrackstreet,Perth,orthe GeneralSecretary,care

'Searchforthetruth!"wasthe commandgiventoallstudentsby PopeLeoXIII.,ofhappymemory, whenhethrewopentheVaticanLibraryandarchives,andinvitedscholars toavailofthepricelesstreasuresof learningtherepreserved."Hereyou willfindeveryhelp,"hesaid."Be fearlessinthepursuitandthepublication;censurewhereblameisthe rightmeed;praisewherepraiseisthe guerdon."

PROFESSIONAL.

NURSEO'GRADYwishestonotify herfriendsandpatientsthatshehas re-openedafirst-classMaternityHome at62QueenVictoriastreet,Fremantle. Shehassuperioraccommodationwhile waitingandduringaccouchement,

St.Ildephonsus'College

NEWNORCIA

CONDUCTEDBYTHEMARISTBROTHERS.

Terms:FortyGuineasperAnnum.

Forparticularsapplytothe BROTHERDIRECTOR.

Telephone:B467.

Carey&O'Hara

PRODUCEMERCHANTS, FREMANTLE. Chaff,Bran,Oats,andPollard.

MISST.I.O'CONNOR,A.T.O.L., 45Cleaverstreet,WestPerth, TeacherofPianoforte,Violin-,and PipeOrgan. TERMSONAPPLICATION.

MissO'Connorispreparedtotake PupilsforthePipeOrgan.

MissMERCIASCOTT

TeacherofLatestBallroomandFancy Dancingat "ABBOTSFORD," 118Aberdeenstreet,WestPerth.

Adults'Class,Mondayevening, 8p.m.,andChildren'sClass,Saturday afternoon,at3o'clock. PrivateLessonsmaybe appointment.hadby

LORETOCONVENT,ADELAIDE TERRACE,PERTH.

SecondTermBeginsWednesday,29th May.

ForparticularsapplyMOTHERSUPERIOR.

CONVENT01MERCY, TOODYAY.

First-classDayandBoardingSchool ferYoungLadies,conductedbythe SistersofMercy. TheSistersalsoconductanother School,whereBoysarereceivedas Boardersfromsixyearsupwards. ProspectusesofeitherSchool,with fullinformation,maybehadfrom THESISTERINCHARGE.

YOUNGIRELANDSOCIETYOF WESTERNAUSTRALIA.

Objects:ThestudyoftheLanguage, Music,History,Literature,andDancingofIreland,andtherevivalofthe idealsofanIrish-Ireland.

MEETSeveryMONDAYat8p.m. inSociety'sRooms,over"W.A. Record"Office,Murraystreet.

Juveniles,MonthlySubscription:Ladiesand 6d;Gentlemen,Is. T.SLATTERY.President. D.J.O'LEARY,Hon.Sec.

YOUNGIRELANDSOCIETY.

ASOCIALandDANCE willbeheldinthe HIBERNIANHALL

OnWEDNESDAY,5thJUNE, InAidoftheWidowandOrphansof thelateMr.M.J.Sullivan.

Tickets:Ladies,ls;Gentlemenis6d.

JO'LEARY. Hon.Sec.

H.A.C.B.S.

EUCHREPARTYANDDANCE.

UndertheAuspicesCathedralLadies' andSt.Patrick'sBranches.

InAidofaDistressedMember.

HIBERNIAN

RETREATSFORLAYMEN.

Onthe1st,2nd,and3rdJunenext theANNUALRETREATforLaymen willbeheldattheMonastery,North Perth.TheRetreatwillbeginat8 p.m.onSaturdayJune1st,andterminateafterearlybreakfastonTuesday,the4thJune.

Thetimechosenisthemostconvenientperiod,Monday,3rd,beingapublicholiday,andthusanopportun- ityisgiventoallofattending.The spiritualandtemporalbenefitsderived duringthethreedaysareincalculable. ItistheearnestdesireoftheMonasteryFathersthattheRetreatshould bearecordonethisyear,andtheywill behappytogiveanyparticularsthat maybedesiredinthematter.

DEATHS.

CARNER.-AtKatanning,onMay 22nd,LegerJosephCanter,ofAlbany,dearlybelovedhusbandof MaryCarner,inhis72ndyear.RIP, SMYTH.-Ofyourcharityprayfor thereposeofthesoulofNorbertLeo (Bert'Smyth,whowaskilledin actiononthe24thofAprillast.Aged 25years.-Insertedbyhismother. SweetHeartofJesushavemercyon hissoul.

INMEMORIAM.

ALLAN.-Killedinaction,October12, 1917.StephenDouglas,belovedson ofJ,andE.Allan,Bunjil,brother ofDr.J.Allan,Moora,Willie,Vic, Dave.onactiveservice.andLeo,of Bunjil.Restinpeace.

DOYLE.-Ofyourcharityprayfor thereposeofthesoulofthelate "JohnDoyle,whodiedsuddenly,June 5th.1913,atNavalBase.R.I.P. SacredHeartofJesushavemercy onhissoul.-Insertedbyhisloving wifeandchildren.ElsieandWill. FENNELL.-Inlovingmemoryofmy dearhusband,MichaelFennell,who departedthislifeonJune6th,1917. R.I.P.SacredHeartofJesushave mercyonhissoul.-Insertedbyhis lovingwife.

RIELLY.-Inlovingmemoryof Clarice,thebelovedwifeofLeo Rielly,whodiedatPerthon30th May,1917.SacredHeartofJesus granttohereternalrest.

"ACatholicnewspaperinaparish

AFlourishing'Society

Oneofthemostprogressiveand promisinginstitutionsyetestablished inourStatesawthelightoneevening aboutsevenweeksago,whenthe YoungIrelandSocietywaslaunched intoexistence.Sincetheinaugural meetingithasgoneaheadby-leaps andbounds.Themeetingsareheld everyMondaynightintherooms overheadthe"WA.Record"office, andjudgingfromtheflourishingstate ofthesocietyjustnow,itlooksasif greateraccommodationmaysoonbe wanted.

Theobjectsofthesocietyaremost praiseworthy.Thereisnothingrevolutionaryorwildaboutthem.Here youngIrishAustralianswillhavean opportunityoflearningsomething aboutthelanguage,andliterature, musicanddance,aswellasthehistoryoftheoldlandonwhichthey stillhaveaclaim,andwhichstillhas atitletotheirdevotion.ManyGaels inandroundPerthdesiretohavea commoncampinggroundwherethey maylivetheoldhomelifeoveragain.AndtheYoungIrelandsocietywill answerhismostsanguinewishes.

Themeetings,whichareof-asocial nature,sparklewithfun,merriment, andgood-fellowship.Ontheseoccasionseverybodyseemstobequiteat home.Theinteresttakeninthestudy oftheIrishlanguagebybornAustraliansisunique,andthereisnodepartmentmoreardentlylongedfor thantheGaelicclass,whichusually lastshalfanhour.

Speechesandsongs,recitationsand folk-lore,aswellasexhibitionsofIrish dancing,brightentheevenings.The entrancefeeisnominal,andonegets muchmorethanitsvalue.

WeappealtoallIrish-Australians, andallthosewhodesiretoknowa littleaboutIrelandanditsglorious traditions,tojointhesociety,andbecomeitsbuilders,Ithasagreatfuture instoreforit.andonlytheco-opera- tionofalliswantedtomakethe YoungIrelandSocietythefirstIrish andCatholicsocietyinPerth.

ThePrinceofWalesat theVatican

Tosomepeopleitmustappearpass- ingstrangethatthePrinceofWales shouldvisitthePopeandbeaccorded RoyalhonoursattheVatican.Yet thesethingshappen.Perhapsthe RoyalFamilyistakingarisk.Its membersmaybeconsidereddisloyal onaccountofthedoingsofthePrince. Tobeconsistent,therantingparsons whoballyragthePopeshouldintheir effervescentloyaltymakeanattack ontheactionofthePrinceof Wales.WehopethatthePrincehas benefitedbyhisvisittothemainspring oftheChristianFaith,andthathewill returntoEnglandwithnew,grand, bigideasabouttheFaithwhichonce wasthegloryofEngland.

LawinIreland

ANENGLISHMANSPEAKSOUT.

theprospectsofsettlementattlke timeoftheHomeRuleBill,good Britishcitizenshopedthatthedayof reconciliationbetweenIrelandand Englandhaddawnedandthatthelaw wouldundoatlastwhatthelawless haddone.ThedcameSirEdward Carsonandpreachedandpractisedthe reignoflaw-defianceandlaw-breaking. Heandhisfollowersranarmsfrom GermanyintoIreland.Theydrilled andparaded.Theyopenlythreatened KingandParliamentwithrebellion, shouldHomeRulebegranted.Someof themtalkedoftransferringtheirallegiancetotheKaiser.GermanpressmenandsogreataGermanpersonage asHerrvonKuhlmann,nowthe Kaiser'schiefagentofforeignpeacemaking.visitedNorth-eastUlster,saw withjoythepreparationsforrebellion, andapparentlypersuadedCountLichnowsky,theGermanAmbassadorin London,thatUlsterOrangemenwere ripeforrevolution.Sohereportedto hisimperialmaster,KaiserWilliam. WarbrokeoutinJuly,1914!Future historianswillhavethedutyoftelling howfarSirEdwardCarsonandthe OrangeminorityinNorth-eastUlster wereresponsibleforthecomingofthe conflictwhichsincethatdatehasdevastatedtheworld.

Whatwasdonetothesemenwho preparedforandthreatenedarmed resistancetotheBritishCrownand Parliament?Therankandfilewere petted.Theleaderswerenotdisowned orpunished.Twoofthelatter, CarsonandSmith,weregiventhe highestlegalposts-acrimeofimpolicywhichhasdraggedinthemire allouroldEnglishrespectforthelaw. IfCarsonandSmith,afterwhatthey diditsUlster,werefittoprosecute, whowasfittobeprosecuted?Atonce lawwasseenbythemassesofour peopletobeforce,veiledinformalities. Thelessonhasbeenlearnt.Andshould everthedayarrive,whenrevolutionin thiscountrywillmarch.itwillmarch behindabannerbearingtheportrait ofSirEdwardCarson.Hebyhisown actionsinNorth-eastUlsterhasjusti- fiedandconsecratedtheuseofphysicalforce.Andfordoingsohehascertainlynotbeen.punished.

Accordingtothe"CatholicPress" theracemeetingatBallaratinconnectionwithSt.Patrick'sDaywasacompletesuccess.Melbournepatronsofthe turfwerepresentinforce.Therewas alargeattendanceoftheladies.The Delegate.ArchbishopMannix,ArchbishopDuhig,BishopsFoley,Phelan, McCarthy,andMgr.Ormondarrived inacarriageearlyintheafternoon, andastheydroveupthecentreofthe racecoursetothegrandstandtheywere welcomedwithatumultofapplause. Mostoftheclergywerealsopresent, includingthoseofthesurroundingdistricts.Asisusual,respectablecitizens andpublicmenattended.

RuraidhO'Connor,writingon"Ireland andtheWar,"intheSydney"Bulletin,"says:"Therealtragedy,inwhich allthethinkingworldisinterested,is thatwhenaworld-warisbeingwaged fortheprinciplesforwhichIrelandhas stoodthroughallthecenturies,the bittermismanagementofEnglishrulershaspreventedtheweightofa

Wemakenoapologyforpublishing thefollowingarticlefromtheLiverpool"CatholicTimes":Twoblacksdonotmakeawhite. Butwhentheaccuserisblackerthan theaccused,heputshimselfoutof courtincaseofachargeofblackness. Andthatfactshouldnotbeforgotten whencertainnewspapersandpeople hereinthiscountryaswellasinIrelandcontinuetryingtomakemischief, evenduringthesittingoftheConventionwhichalldecent-mindedEnglishmenhopewillproducepeace.Whoare thesepeoplewhoattempttofanthe firesofprejudiceandbigotryinto flame,andsotoinjureandifpossible bringtonoughtalleffortstoeffecta settlementofIreland'sage-long troubles?TheyareTories,Orangemen, Carsonites,anti-Catholicstoaman. Theyarethepeoplewhosepolicyof hatredandstrifehaskeptIreland asunderfromEnglandforcenturies, andstillstrivestoforestallallattempts atpeace.

UntilCarsonismaroseandblighted

Now,turnwethepicture,andlet uslookatwhathappenedintherest ofIreland.There,withtheevidence ofthesuccessofthepolicyofphysical forceclearbeforethem,menofpat- rioticspiritthoughttheywouldgo, anddolikewise.Theyalsoraninarms -andwereshot!Theyalsoseized publicbuildings-andwereshot!When themilitarywascalledtoputdown troubleinUlster-mutiny!Whenthe militarywascalledtoputdowntrouble inDublin-massacre!Whenstatesmengrewanxiousaboutthepreserva- tionofpeaceinIreland,armswere seizedwhenpossessedbyCatholics. Protestantspossesscrmsundisturbed tothisday.AsanEnglishman,with,I hope,atleasttheaverageEnglish- man'ssenseoffairplayinme,Ican neverthinkofthesethingswithout feelingsofacutemiseryandshame. Hasmynation,ofwhichIconfessI amproudinsomanydirections,sunk solowastobeafraidofahandfulof Orangemenledbyalionofalawyer? Orhasit,initsoldage,lostallideaof justiceandequalityinitsdealings withitscitizens?Orhasitstillwithin it,hidden,butcarefullyfostered,that hard,bitter,unexorciseddevilofreligiousbigotryandhatredagainstall thatcallsitselfCatholic?Icanmake nothingoutofourinjusticetoCatholic Irishmenandourfavouritismtowards ProtestantIrishmenexceptthis:our rulersdostill,forall-theirdenials,hateeverythingandeveryoneIrish andCatholic.AndIwilldoubtthat conclusionassoonasIseemycountrymenforceourrulerstogiveto CatholicIrishmenthatmeasureof fair-dealingwhichtheygivetoProtestantIrishmen,andgivetothe latterfullandpresseddownaidrunningover.CarsonintheCabinetand ConnellyinhisgraveneedalotofexplanationbeforeweEnglishmencan boastthatweholdthescalesofjustice even. WearefightingKaiserismonthe Continent.WearefavouringCarson- isminIreland.HowdoKaiserismand CarsonismdifferIcannotsee.ButI canseehowandwheretheyagree. Theybothupholdandpractisethe doctrinethatMightisRight.Sonia othersinIrelandthoughttheywould

SATURDAY,JUNE1,1918.

W.AL.RICOQ111).

11 applythedoctrine.Repression!Car- sonismmaystealawholefieldwhileNationalismmaynotlookovera hedgeatone.Butthatcan'tlast.Men likeAsquithandLloydGeorgecome- and,thankgoodness,go.Theyare weak,spinelesspoliticians.When Laboursendsthemandtheoldpoli- ticalpartiesintoexileforever,Ireland willgetjusticeandEnglandwillgeta chanceofpractisingjusticetoIreland.FortheEnglishpeopleneverhated Ireland;theyknowthesameinterests persecuteandoppressbothcountries.

NewsoftheArchdiocese CALENDARFORJUNE.

Sunday,2(White)-SecondSunday afterPentecost.

Monday,3(White)-OftheOctave.

Tuesday,4(White)-OftheOctave.

Wednesday,5(White)-OftheOctave.

Thursday,6(White)-OctaveCorpus Christi.

Friday,7(Whitel-FeastoftheMost SacredHeartJesus.

Saturday,8(White)-FeastofOur BlessedLady.

Saysthe''CatholicPress":TheMost Rev.Dr.Clune.C.SS.R.(Archbishopof Perth,WA.),isonavisittoSydney, wherehehasbeenenthusiasticallywel- comedbyhisclericalandlayfriends. Itisdoubtfulifanyonehasmoreper-sonalfriendsinAustralasiathanDr. Clune,forasaRedemptoristmissioner hismemoryisreveredinalmostevery parishintheCommonwealthandNew Zealand.Sincehisarrivalherehehas beenaninmateofSt.Vincent'sPri- vateHospital.wherehehasundergonetwominoroperations.

ThelatestfromHisGracetheArch- bishopisthatheisprogressingmost favourably.

Mass,Gosnells,to-morrow8o'clock; Armadale,9o'clock.Eveningdevo- tions,Jarrandale.

TheRev.JohnFahey,D.S.O.,will preachattheCathedraloftheIm- maculateConceptionto-morrow(Sun- day)evening.

MassinMaylands,9;devotions,4. MassinBayswater,10.

beingorganisedbyMrs.Franklynand MissAileenO'Neill,anditpromisesto beagrandsuccess.Everybody-irre- spectiveofcreed-whoknowsthe splendidworkofthePresentation Sisters-willstrivetobethereonthe occasion.ThePresentationNunshave pioneeredtheearlygoldfields,andhave grandacademiesnoton15:atCottesloe andClaremont,butalsoatCollieand Beverley.Theirworkisbeyondall praise.Thetryingtimesthroughwhich wearenowpassingisbeingfeltby them,andweurgeourreaderstojoin withthegenerousCottesloepeople,whoalwaysappreciatetheconvent schools,andmakethedpnceonTues- daynightafirst-classsuccess.Thesec- retariesofthefunctionareaguarantee thattheaffairwillbeexceptionally good.

WeregrettoannouncethatMr. FrankO'Leary,theheadmasterof GuildfordStateSchool,isseriouslyill. EverybodywhoknowsMr.O'Leary appreciateshisworthasatruegentle. man.ThereisnobetterIrishmanin theState.Heisnotoftheaggressive sort.Ahighlyculturedman,hehas wontheesteemofatlclasses.Heisone ofthemostpopularofficersinthe EducationDepartment.Wetrustand pray,andweasktheprayersofour readers,thathemaybesparedtohis family,andtocontinuethegrandworkwhichasaneducationistheisnoted for.

LastSaturdaywasanexceptionally wetday,andsomefolkwereseverely affectedbytheshowers.

OnSaturdayweekaveryenjoyable children'spartyinaioftherefresh- mentstallwas,heldattheresidence ofMr.andMrs.R.Beaumont,NinthAvenue,Mavlands.Fineweatheradded tothepleasureofthefete,andasub- stantialsumwasrealised.Aplentiful supplyofrefreshmentsreceivedfull justiceatthehandsofthejuveniles, andMr.Hanrahan'sviolinprovideda goodportionofthedancemusic.Ata bazaarmeetingonWednesdayevening finalarrangementsweremadefortheChildrenofMary'seuchrepartyin.St. Luke'sHallnextMondayevening,and fourexceptionalprizesweredonated.

FatherFahey,D.S.O.,hasreturned fromthecountry,andattherequest ofMajorMilnerhasconsentedtoacByarescriptfromtheHolySeetheceptareceptionatadatetobefixed timeforfulfillingthePaschalCom-fromtheR.S.A. !minionhasbeenextendedtothe OctaveofSt.PeterandSt.Paul-16th TheYoungIrelandSocietyisenJuly. deavouringtointroducethefineold Irishgameofhurling.andtomakeit HisLordshiptheAbbotofNewoneofthepermanentgamesinthe NorciaandFatherCastanares,0.SB.,State.Thoseloversandexponentsof visitedthecityduringtheweek. itwhoarelocatedinPerthandits suburbsareinvitedtohelpinthe FatherPlarsas,O.S.B..wellknownmatterbytheformationofateam. intheMooradistrict,hasgonetotakeIntendingmembersarerequestedto chargeoftheGoomallingparish. sendtheirnamestothesecretary,care ofthe"W.A.Record,"asearlyaspos- sible.justnowacommitteearedeal- ingwiththesubject. ap.

localandGeneral Aeuchretournamentanddance,held intheMidlandTownHalllastweekin aidoftheconventschool,waslargely attender.Theladies'prizeswerewon byMissWilloughby,first,andMiss Herron,second,andthemen'sby MessrsManeyandJ.Gaynorrespec-tively.Forthedancewhichfollowed thedutiesofM.C.werecarriedoutby Mr.J.Sughan.

IfyouhaveadropofIrishbloodin yourveins,youwillnotfailtoattend theYoungIrelandSociety'ssocialand danceonWednesdaynextinthe HibernianHall.Inadditiontospend- inganenjoyableevening,youwill havetheadditionalpleasureofknow- ingthatyouareassistingthosewho mournthelossofagoodIrishhusband andfather,andwhounfortunately needalltheassistanceyoucangive them.Nowthen,yeGash,rollupin yourhundreds.

Mrs.Smyth,ofStirlingstreet,has receivedthesadnewsthatherson, NorbertLeo(Bert)Smyth,waskilled inactionsomewhereinFranceonthe 24thofAprillast.Anothersonisalso atthefront.Oursinceresympathyis extendedtothefamilyintheirsorrow. Mayhissoulrestinpeace.

NextTuesdaynightwillbethebig nightat-CottesloeHall.Adanceinaid ofthePresentationConventFundis

wiseextendedtoitsmanygenerous friendswhodonatedfruit,jellies,and andassortmentofgoodthingsforthe supper.Thedancewasthebestadver- tisementthesocietyhashadupto date.NumberofCatholicyoungmen signifiedtheirintentionofjoiningim- mediately.

Thepersonaeofthecastforthe "TrialbyJury"tobeheldon12th June,hasbeenselected,andisasfol- lows:-JudgeFobb,A.Oldrini;Clerk Fizz,J.Gordon;LawyerFoozle,F. Hayes;LawyerSquibbs,H.Dunn; Whipsaw,abailiff,A.Brennan;H. Guff,plaintiff,F.Murphy;AbMuff,de- fendant,R.Prendergast;PikeWhiffles (chiefwitnessforplaintiffandowner ofacow),J.Tully;SamGump(awit- ness),J.Dwyer;DocPoddle(awit- ness),R.J.Marmion;AbeSnooks(a witness),W..Waltho;ForemanofJury, J.Tobin.

NextWednesdayevening'sspecial businessisalecturebyRev.Brother Blake.Aliterarytreatisinstore,and afullattendanceofmembersisspeci- allydesired.

TheUkrainianRepublic

GreatNaturalResources. Theextentoflandsurfacecomprised withinthelimitsofthenewRepublic of portionsUkraineiacontainsthemostfertile oftheoldRussianEmpire. Itisknownasthe"BlackEarthBelt," andhasbeennotonlythegranaryof Russiabutthegreatestgranaryof EasternEurope.In1914one-thirdof Russia'stotalfarmproductscame fromthis"BlackEarthBelt,"which is producesrallyRussia'swheatbelt.Ukrania 80percentofRussia'scrude sugarand59percentofherrefined sugar.Thetobaccoproductionofthe regionisrelativelyaslargeasthatof sugar.TheUkrainesuppliesabout50 percentoftheRussianlive-stockout- put. NotonlyistheUkraineagreat sourceofagriculturalwealth,butin mineralresourcesithasbeentoRussiawhatthenorthernprovincesofFrance, now beenoverrunbytheGermans,have tothatRepublic.Ofcoal,ithas produced70percentofthetotalRus- sianproduct,anequivalentproportionofpigiron,andofsteelnearlyasmuch.Manganese,mercury,petroleum,peat, phosphorite,andkaolinareotherim- portantmineral.productsofthe Ukraine.

Thenewcenturysawaseparatist movementorgreatproportionswhich culminatedinthepeasantuprisingin 1902.followedbytheelectionoffifty- twoUkraineNationaliststothefirstRussianDuma.Twohundredmembers oftheUkrainianrevolutionaryorgani- sationwereprosecutedbythegovern- mentin1907.Theworkofvariousre- volutionary,social,andpoliticalor- ganisations,togetherwiththe"Bond fortheLiberationofUkrainia,"oper- atingacrosstheborderinGalicia, finallyledtothecreationofa"Repub- licofUkrainia."

RelationswiththeBolsheviki. TheSocialDemocratshavebeena powerfulelementintheUkraine,and untilrecentlyhavebeeninclosesym- pathywiththeBolshevikorganisation inPetrograd.Theofficialorganofthe UkrainianSocialDemocratsdeclared inNovemberlast:

"Hithertowehaveagreedwiththe Bolshevikiinmanyquestions.We andtheyhavedemanded,andstillde- mand,immediatepeace,thetransfer- enceofthelandsofthebiglandown- ersandotherstoourpoverty-stricken peasantry.Weandtheyhavefought, andstillfight,forcontroloverindus- try,forthemaximumtaxationoflarge propertyandcapital.But-westood fortheUkrainiandemocraticrepublic andfederationwithothercountriesof Europe;theywereentirelyindifferent tothenational,cultural,andpolitical needsofourpeople."

Itseemsthatthegeneraldesire amongtheUkrainianpopulationwas toliveinpeacefulfederationwiththe newRussianRepublic,butwritersin thepresshavepointedoutthatsocial conditionsintheUkrainedifferfrom thoseinnorthernRussia.Thepeasant- communityformoflandownership, themir,washardlyknowninthe Ukraine.Thepeasantsthereweresmallproprietors-"capitalists,"fromthe Bolshevikpointofview.SotheBol- shevikidenouncedtheUkrainianRada, orParliament,as"bourgeois,"and civilwarbrokeoutatKievand Odessa.TheUkrainianRada,which hasbeencompelledtomakepeace withtheCentralPowers,ischaracter- isedbyawriterintheNewYork "EveningPost"asaSocialistcoalition withafar-reachingprogrammeofsocial reform.

MissMaryO'Donnellhasopenedtea

roomsatthecornerofHaystreetandTownsendroad.Whenyouareoutfor aconstitutionalandneedarefresher, tryacupofMissO'Donnell'sprime brew;youwillgetnewstrengthand feelyoungagain.

C.Y.M.Society

Theusualweeklymeetingofthe abovesocietywasheldinSt.Pat- rick'sSchoolonWednesday,the22nd inst.Thepresident(Mr.R.J.Mar- mion)occupiedthechair. Finalarrangementsweremadefor thevisitofmemberstotheGlenda- lough June.OrphanagenextSunday,the2nd Membersshouldcatchthe2.30 p.m.tramleavingWilliamstreetfor Leederville.Everyoneshouldmakean efforttobepresentonthisoccasion.. Itiswithpleasurethatthesociety notesthatPrivateBasilHardyhas beenrepatriatedtoHolland.Basil hasbeenforsometimepastaprisoner inGermany.Itishopedthatitwill notbelongbeforeBasilwillbeonce moreamongus,wherehishistrionic abilitieswouldbeverymuchappreci- ated. AllroadsonMondaynightlastled totheHibernianHall,Murraystreet, wherethesociety'sinitialCinderella dancewasheld.Thedancewasanun- qualifiedsuccess,thehallbeingpackedwithmembersandtheirfriends.The societycannotadequatelythankthe numberofladieswhomateriallyassist- edinmakingtheeventsuchasuccess; alsothethanksofthesocietyarelike-

ThePeopleandtheirLanguage. Somuchforthematerialresources ofthisnewcomeramongthenations. WhatoftheUkrainianpeople?They havebeencalledLittleRussians.In GaliciatheyareknownasRuthenians, but totheythemselvesprefereverywhere becalledUkrainians.Thereare 33,000,000ofthem,andthewriterto whomwehavealreadyreferredstates inthe"OpenCourt"(Chicago)for January,thattheyregardthemselves asdistinctinlanguageandracefrom theso-calledGreatRussians,knownby themasMuscovites.TheUkrainians refusetoregardtheirlanguageasa mereRussiandialect.Theysaythatit isasdistinctfromthelanguageof PetrogradasPortugueseisfrom Spanish,andtheypointtoPortugal'slonghistoryasanindependentnation.Furthermore,theUkrainiantongue, theysay,isasremotefromPolishasSpanishorPortuguesearefromFrench. Astothehomogeneityofthe UkrainianRepublic,itisestimated thatinalltheterritorywithinitslimits theUkrainiansformonanaverage72 percentofthepopulation,whileover largeareasalongtheDniepertheper- centageis!:.EveninportionsofEast- ernGaliciatheUkrainiansform66per centofthepopulation.Thewriterin the"OpenCourt"assertsthatthenew UkrainianStateasawhole,is"pos- siblymoreuniformlyUkrainianthan anyStateoftheAmericanUnionis uniformlyAnglo-American." Ukrainemeans"borderland."Itis saidthatthenamewasoriginallyap- pliedtothatpartofthe"Steppes" alongthesouthernPolishfrontierto whichtheLittleRussianpeasantsfled fromthetyrannyofRussianorPolish nobles.Theywereincontsantconflict withhostilebandsofTartarsandin timeformedrovingbandsofCossacks, thefamousRussiancavalry.

StrivingsforIndependence.Itwasalwaysthepolicyofthe CzarstosuppressallpoliticalagitationamongtheUkrainianswithaniron hand.Everythingwasdonetostifle nationalistaspirations.Anedictof PetertheGreatin1720prohibitedthe useoftheUkrainiantongueinprint. TheUkrainian,however,hasalways beenindividualisticanddemocratic, whiletheGreatRussian,orMuscovite, isnotablycommunistic.Theactivities ofasecretorganisationwithitscentreatKievcausedalarmtotheCzar's governmentinthenineteenthcentury,andbroughtaboutthebanishmentof itsmostprominentmembersto Siberia.

CulturalDifferences. Oneof Ukrainianstheclaimsmadeforthe isthattheyareanartistic peopleandhavefurnishedalarge shareofRussianmusicians,artistsand poets.Yetitisstatedthatbeforethe warbeganmorethan50percentof theUkrainianpopulationwereunable toreadorwrite.Thisisattributedby- thepeoplethemselvestothefactthat instructionwasgivenonlyintheRus- sianlanguage,whichwasnotunder. stood.Itistruethattheyobtained permissiontoprintnewspapersand booksintheirownlanguage;butthis concessicnwassohamperedbythe censorandthepublicprosecutorthat littlebenefitresultedfromit.Neverthe- less,twentynewspapers,ofwhichthe strongestwasthe"Rada,"published inKiev,wereprintedinthemother tongue,andtherewasanextensive circulationofUkrainianbooks.

ThefuneralofthecomposerLissenk) in1913wastheoccasionofagreat politicalmanifestationinKiev,at- tendedbymorethan200,000people. TheGovernorofKievwasremoved fromofficeasapunishmentfornotpreventingthisdemonstration.

TheUkrainianwriterinthe"Open Court"citesRipley's"RacialGeo- graphyofEurope"asauthorityforthe statementthatthereareimportant anthropologicaldifferencesbetween UkrainianandMuscovite.Thesediffer- encesextendtosocialcustoms,and alongthefrontierstheUkrainians avoidallmarriageswithGreatRus- sians.TheRussianImperialGovern- mentneversucceededinbringingaboutafusionofthetwopeoples.

Northam

TheChildrenofMaryheldtheirusualfortnightlymeetinginSt. Joseph'sChinchonSundaylast,the attendancebeingarecordone,which, Iamsure,musthavebeenmostpleas- ingtothesodality'sdirector,Rev. MotherVeronica,whodoessomuch toforwardtheinterestofthesociety, andwhichismakingrapidprogress.OfterrecitingtheOfficeofOurLady, andsingingthebeautifulhymnsinher honour,amostpleasingceremonytookplace,whentheRev.FatherO'Donnell consecratedtwooftheaspirantsas ChildrenofMary,andeighteenofthe youngermembersreceivedthegreen ribbon.Aftercongratulatingthegirls, theRev.FatherO'Donnellspokeafew well-chosenwordsontheoccasionre- mindingthemoftheirobligationsand oflivinguptotherulesofthesociety, andheexhortedalltohaverecourse toMary,whohasalwaysprovedher- selfatrueMotherinthedeepestsense oftheterm,particularlysointimeof troubleandsorrow.

SportsandPastimes (By"Wattle.")

FOOTBALL.

Saturday'sResults. EastPerth,17.15(117points)defeatedSouthFremantle,1.0(6points).

Perth,6.10(46points)defeated Subiaco,4.9(33points/. EastFremantle,10.16(76points), defeatedWestPerth,3.6(24points). '*

EastPerthv.SouthFremantle, PlayedatLoton's.Knowingwhat theweatherwaslikeonSaturday,it wouldsimplybeawasteofvaluable spacetogiveadetailedaccountof thegames.Itwasnotfootball,rather shoulditbetermed"vraTerpolo."I intendtogivetheprogressscoresand thegoal-kickersineachgame.

FirstQuarter. EastPerth,6.4. SouthFremantle,nil. SecondQuarter. EastPerth,8.5. SouthFremantle,1.0. ThirdQuarter. EastPerth,11.9. SouthFremantle,1.0. Final. EastPerth,17.15. SouthFremantle,1.0. Goal-kickersforwinners:Mansfield (7),Hayes(2),Lang(2),Owens,King, Timms,Slattery,Clayton,andGepp. Forlosers:Tester.

Perthv.Subiaco. Thisgameproducedthebestfootballoftheafternoon.Perthclaimed victorymainlyowingtothefactthat theyadoptedwetdaytacticsmore generallythandidtheiropponents. Theprogressivescoreswere: FirstQuarter.

Perth,2.5. Subiaco,0.2. SecondQuarter. Perth,3.5. Subiaco,3.6. ThirdQuarter. Perth,4.8. Subiaco,3.8. Final. Perth,6.10. Subiaco,4.9. Goal-kickersforwinners:Outridge (2),McWilliam,Smythe,Giese,and Hewson.Forlosers:Sampson(2),McDonald,andPuddy.

EastFremantlev.WestPerth. PlayedatFremantle.Thelightteam ofthevisitorsfoundoldLastsmuch toohardanuttocrack.Forthefirst halfthegamewasfairlyeven,but fromthenceforwardtheplaywasvery one-sided.Theprogressscoreswere: FirstQuarter.

WestPerth,1.1.

EastFremantle,0.2. SecondQuarter.

EastFremantle,2.10.

WestPerth,2.3. ThirdQuarter.

EastFremantle,6.13.

WestPerth,3.6. Final.

EastFremantle,10.16.

WestPerth,3.6.

Goal-kickersforwinners:McKenna (3),Aisbett(2),Hicks(2),Gallagher, Cinoris,andRiconi.Losers:Moore(2), andRodda.

To-day'sGames. WestPerthv.SouthFremantle,at Fremantle.

EastPerthv.Perth,atW.A.U.A.

Monday'sGame.

EastFremantlev.Subiaco,atSubiaco.

MOTORCYCLING.

H.W.Parsons,thewell-knownVictorianmotorcyclist,hadexceedingly hadluckinhisrecentattempttocapturetheSydney-Melbournemotor cyclerecordtohiscredit.TheVictorian crackhadhadovertwohoursinwhich tocoverthelast30milesintoSydney, whenthesidecarwheelsnappedcrossingtheruttytracksontheCowPastureroad.Parsonsandhispassenger cametogrief,butneitherwasinjured.

Inthedarkthemissingwheelcould notbefound,andtherecordattempt naturallycametoanend.Nextday thesidecarwheelwasfoundinthe adjoiningscrub,150yardsawayfrom wherethemishapoccurred.Uptothe pointwherethesmashhappenedParsons,onhis7h.p.Indianoutfit,had averaged28milesanhourkirthe535 mileshehadtravelledfromMelbourne. HisrunfromMelbournetoAlburywas aremarkableone.Theaferageover thissectionoftheoverlandroute,embracingsomeparticularlybadstretches, wasnearly.40milesanhour.Theexistingmotorcyclerecordis22hours20 minutes.Itisexcedinglybadluckto getsoneartherecordandthenmiss. Parson'smishapcallstomindasimilarhappeningintheearlyattempts ontheAdelaide-Melbournemotorcar record.Thebestfiguresforthetrip werethenstandingtothecreditofthe lateBertieBarr-SmithandM.Aunger. MessrsJ.W.MoffatandH.H.James essayedtherecord,andgottowithin ninemilesofMelbourne,withanhour tospare,whenastuffedpetrolpipe, causedthroughsawdust,lostthemthe record.-Exchange.

Boulder

Mr.A.McCourt,ofDartstreet, Boulder,metwithapainfulaccident athisworklastweek,apieceoftimber fallingandhittinghimintheeye.For atimeitwasfearedthathewould losehissight,whichwouldhaveindeedbeenagravemisfortune.However,suchdangerhashappilypassed, andwearepleasedtostatethatMr. McCourtisprogressingveryfavourably. Theeuchrepartyanddancewhich isbeingheldundertheauspicesof thechurchcommitteeandtheChildren ofMarywilltakeplaceMonday,June 10th,atAllHallowsHall,andjudging bytheeffortsofthesecretary,Mr.C. Hickey,andaveryablecommittee, promisestobeanevengreatersuccess thanlasttime:

TheLateL.F.Sheridan. ThefuneralofthelateLawrenceF. Sheridan,oftheGoldfieldsGroup Hotel,tookplaceOn.Sunday,May19. Thedeceasedhadbeenailingfora considerabletime,andsuccumbedon theFridayprevious.MembersofAll HallowsbranchoftheH.A.C.B.S., LicensedVictuallers'Association,and alargeconcourseofcitizenswerepresenttopaytheirlastrespectstoan oldandrespectedresident.Thecortegelefthislateresidence,Piesse street,at2p.m.,andthenproceededto AllHallowsChurch,thencetothe BoulderCemetery.TheRev.Father Sheridanconductedtheburialservice atthechurchandatthegraveside. Thepall-bearerswereMessrs.WRyan, P.Bannan,T.Conroy,P.Sheedy,J. Kinsella,andL.Rose.Floraltributes weresentbythefollowing:The LicensedVictuallers'Association,Mr. andMrs.W.Watkins,Mr.andMrs.P. RefeldandMissMoran,Mr.andMrs. Daff,Mr.PatrickSheedyandMiss EthelSheedy,Mr.andMrs.Sheahan, Mr.andMrs.Roseandfamily,Mr.and Mrs.S.Love,Mr.andMrs.McCabe, Mr.andMrs.Merriel,Mr.andMrs.W. Darceyandfamily,Mr.andMrsKil-

martin,Mr.andMrs.Knowles,Mr.and Mrs.KyranBrennan,RichardHolmes andCo.,Ltd.,Mr.andMrs.J.W. Crawley,Mr.andMrs.A.F.Scott,Mr. andMrs.W.WilliamsandGwen, widowandsister,Mr.andMrs.F.E. Dominishandfamily,Mr.andMrs.A. Williams,Mr.andMrs.FredNicholls, Mr.DaveyMcCarthy.ThefuneralarrangementswerecarriedoutbyI.W. GossandCo.

CardinalwhowasaMonarch

Afamouspoetofthelastcentury describedRomeas"thecityofthe soul,"adding"Theorphansofthe heartmustturntothee." ThiscentreoftheChristianworld hasbeenforlongagestherefugeof thedisinherited,andtheexile,ofthe victimofalostcause,andofthose whowerepersecutedforfaithor fatherland.Tothiscityofrefugecame "thebanishedEarls"ofTyroneand Tyrconnel,findinghereahomeanda grave.Theitineraryofeverytrue IrishpilgrimincludestheChurchof SaintPeterinMontorioontheJaniculumHill,whereclosetothehigh altarresttheremainsoftheseheroes. Amongthemanyinterestingvictims ofwarsandpoliticalrevolutionswho, intheirdiredistresshavesoughtshelteratRome,thedescendantsofKing JamesII.,areamongthemostinteresting."ThisKingofGreatBritain andIreland,disastrouslydefeatedat theBattleoftheBoynebyWilliam PrinceofOrange,whoascendedthe vacatedthroneunderthetitleofWilliamIII.,fledtoFrance.Hisson, Kingbyright,butnotinfact,was calledJamesIII.Havingmadeanunsuccessfulattempttorecoverhiskingdom,hecametoItaly,andsoughtthe hospitalityofthePope,ClementXI., whoreceivedhiminthePalaceof Urbino. MaryClementina.

MaryClementint,granddaughterof thegreatJohnIIISobieski,Kingof Poland,wasimprisonedinanAustriancastletopreventhermarriage withtheStuartheirtotheEnglish crown.Sheescaped,however,and,arrayedinmaleattire,andassistedby twodevotedservitors,shemadeher waytothelittlehillcityofMonteficescome,risingabovetheLakeof Bolsema,whereshewasmarriedto KingJamesIII.,generallyknownin ItalyastheChevalierdeSt.George. Thenewlymarriedcoupleestablished themslevesinRomeintheMutiSavor. elliPalace,nowknownastheBalestra Palace,onthenorthsideofthePiazzo SantiApostole,therentofwhichwas paidbythePope,everkindtothe unfortunate.

Itwasinthispalacethattheirfirst sonwasborn,towhomthenameof ofCharlesEdwardwasgiven.The sponsorswerethreeCardinals:GualtieriforEngland,ImperialiforIreland,andSacripanteforScotland. PopeClementXI.onthisoccasion, celebratedMassinthechapelofthe EnglishCollege.Thechildwasbaptisedwithsuchceremonyasisknown tohistoryastheCountofAlbany, and"TheYoungPretender,"who,in 1745,madeaverypromisingincursion intoScotlandandEngland,accompaniedbyadventuresandhairbreadth escapes,whichultimatelyfailed.His nameisenshrinedininnumerable songsdeartotheScottishpeople,and inmanystirringromances,inwhichhe isfondlycalled'"BonniePrince Charlie."

DestinedfortheChurch.

Thesecondsor.wasdifferentin characterfromhiselderbrotherand inhiscareer.Hewasbornin1725,and wasbaptisedbythenewPope,Bene-

dictXIII.,inthechapeloftheMuti Palace,receivingthenamesofHenry Benedict,DukeofYork. FromhisearliestyearshewasdestinedtotheserviceoftheChurch;and in1747,whenhewasinhis22ndyear hewasnominatedCardinal.Histitle inRomewas:HenryCardinalDukeof York,andthisalsowashisofficial title.LaterhewasconsecratedBishop ofFrascati,inthe36thyearofhis age,andfor44yearsheruledthisdiocese,belovedandesteemedbyhis people-oneofthebesttestsofa Bishop'swork. CharlesEdward,CountofAlbany, theheirbyrighttothethroneof GreatBritainandIreland,diedwithoutalegitimateheir,inFlorence,on

January31,1788.BytherightofsuccessionHenryCardinalDukeofYork, thenbecameKingofthethreekingdoms.Anewpositionwasthusbrought about.Probablyinthehistoryofthe Churchthissituationhasnocounterpart.ThisCardinal,theheir,byright, toakingdom,foundhimselfatthe ageof63,theclaimanttoathrone.

HenryIX.ofEngland. Thatitshouldnotbesaidofhim thathecastawaythedignitytowhich hisbirthhadcalledhim,hehada silvermedalcoined,ononesideof whichwasaneffigy,surroundedbyhis titleasHenryIX.,KingofEngland, Ireland,andScotland,andasProfessorLancianisays,'heproclaimedhimselfthelegitimatesovereignofGreat BritainandIrelandunderthename ofHenryIX."ThelateMonsignor JamesA.Campbell,Rectorofthe Scots,College,Rome,hadinhispossessiononeoftheserareandhistoricallyvaluablemedals.Lancianialso relatesthatwithinthewallsofMuti PalaceandhisEpiscopalresidence atFrascatiheclaimedthetitleof Majesty.WhentheFrenchoccupation tookplaceattheendofthe18thcenturytheCardinalDukeofYorkwas deprivedofallhisrevenuesandreducedtoutterwant.Inthiscontingency,hereceivedayearlypension fromtheBritishGovernment.Ata laterperiodherecoveredsomeofhis revenues.WithhisdeaththeStuart heirstotheEnglishcrownceased.He wasburiedinSt.Peter's,thelastofa dynastywhosestoryischequeredby romanceanddisaster.

Obituary

DEATHOFMR.L.J.CARNER. InMr.'Carnertherepassedawayat Katanningonthe22ndMayaCatholic gentlemanwhowasaprominentand familiarfigureinthePerthCathedral parishnearly50yearsago.Anativeof theSpanishprovinceofCatalonia,Mr. Carnermigratedtothecolonyin1871 withthelateBishopGriver,whowas thenreturningfromtheVaticanCouncil.HisLordshipmadeanadmirable selectioninthisSpanishgentlemanof anorganistfortheCathedral,apositionthatbf-r.Carrieroccupiedforvery manyyears.Thiswasinthedays whenthelateFrankO'Callaghan,that magnificentcharacterwhohasgiven somanyof.hischildrentotheservice oftheChurchinWesternAustralia. wastheprecentorattheCathedral;a manwhosegloriousvoicethrilledits congregationsfortwentyyearsor more,andinspiredoureveryCatholic socialgathering.Longwerethesetwo meninseparablecompanionsinour Catholic,musicalworld.Later,.Mr, Carnergavehimselfupentirely.tothe teachingofmusic,gravitatingfirstto Albany,'thentoKatanning,wherehe breathedhislastonWednesdayweek, fortifiedwithalltheritesofHoly Church,andattheripeoldageof72. R.I.P.

ThePopeandthePeaceConference

ByVeryRev.Vincent

Thisquestionisinitselfsocomplicated,andinitspresentdiscussionso refracted,thatsomepreliminaryexplanationsonourpointofviewmust be-setdowninorder.

1.Weshallnotdiscussthe"Secret Treaty."Alreadyitsauthorsseem thoroughlyashamedofit.NothingbefitsitbetterthanTalleyrand'sphrase: "Itwasworsethanacrime:itwasa blunder."

2.Wemustnotbethoughttobe givingadvicetotheHolySee.Our attitudetowardstheHolySeeisone ofthemostchildlikereverenceand obedience.AsloyalCatholicswedo notcriticisethePope'sacts.Indeed, wehardlydaretopraisethem,rememberingthewordsofArchbishopUllatheme,"Topraiseistocriticise."Insteadofcriticism,weofferobedience, 3.Butinthisvexedmatterofthe PeaceConferencethereisnoquestion ofobediencetoaPapalactorcommand,sincesuchanactorcommand doesnotyetexist.Toquotethesingularlywell-informedarticlebyA-Bintheissueofthe'CatholicTimes" forMarch1:"OnthesubjecttheHoly Fatherhassaidnothing,norhashe authorisedotherstospeakinhis name." Therefore,themanyotherswhohave spokenon"thePopeandthePeace Conference"havespokenintheirown name,notinthenameoftheHoly Father.

McNabb,0.P.,S.M.T. infringementofthemwouldbeawrong andagrievance,theremustbesome evidentbasis-ortitleoftherights. Thisbasiscouldbeonly(a)hisclaim torankasaTemporalMonarchwith TemporalMonarchs,or(b)hisclaim tobeaSpiritualLeader.Inother words,hisrighttositatthePeace Conferencewouldrestonhisbeing either(a)aPontiffSovereignor(b)a SovereignPontiff. (a).Butwehaveverygravereasons fordoubtingwhethertheHolyFather wouldbegratefultothosewhoclaim rightsforhimonthepleaofTemporal Sovereignty,especiallyiftheclaim wereurgedagainstthevoiceofhis owncountry,UnitedItaly. TheardourwithwhichItalianCatholicshavepatrioticallystoodtodefend theircountryhasbeenequalledonly bytheburningwordsofpatriotism spokentothembytheirBishops,and evenCardinals.OurownEnglishHierarchyhasnotexceededinpatriotic fervourtheutterancesoftheseItalian prelates.Fromallthiswegatherthat withtheentranceofItalyintothis war,andstillmorewiththeunbesoughtwithdrawaloftheBavarianand AustrianAmbassadorsfromtheVatican,thequestionoftheVaticanand ItalianUnityenteredanewphase. TheCatholicUnion.

4.Wehavekeptsilenceonthis matterforalongtime,underthefear ofseemingtobeotherthanobedient orrespectfulchildrenoftheHoly Fatherbyventuring,notindeedto offercriticism,buttoproffermaterials fordiscussion.Yetsomuchmaterial ofonetypehasbeenoffered,thatwe onoursidemaybeallowedtooffer someothermaterials.

AFintPrinciple.

Tousitisafirstprinciplethatin allmattersofecclesiasticalpolicythe ultimatejudgeis.theHolyFather.He isresponsibletonohumantribunal; buttohisMasteralone.Yetifthe HolyFathereverseekstoknowthe opinionofhisflock.thenitwillbe admittedthatthemanywriters,such asA-B-andotherswhohaveabundantlysetforththeiropinions,were neitherdisloyelnorunwiseindoing so.Ifthisbegranted,itwillfurther beseenthatwewhohavespokenlast, andonlyfollowalead,aretreading thesamepathofloyaltyandObedienceasourpioneers.inputtingbefore theHolyFatherwhatisinthehearts ofmanyofhismostdevotedchildren.

5.Itneedhardlybeaddedthatitis thespiritualpoweroftheHolySee thatwelovebestandwouldmostlike toseewidenedandstrengthened.No wordofoursmustbetakentomean anythingbutadeepconvictionthatit isinthespiritualsphereofsoulsthat theChurchwinshergreatestvictories andreapsherheaviestharvests.

TheQuestionofRight.

Catholicshavetakenoccasionbythe Pope'ssilencetoexpresstheirviews verydecidedlyonthismatter,itmay beequallyallowabletoexpresssome temperatecriticismoftheseviews.

2.Tosomeofusitisjustalittle humiliatingtoseeCatholicsgoing round,asitwere,capinhand,begging adiplomaticalmsfortheHolyFather. IftheHolyFatherhasurgednoright tosit'atthePeaceConference,then hispresencewillcomenaturallyby invitation.Butwhatarewetothink ofCatholicswhoseemtoextortan avitationbythreats?-Nontaliauxilo!

Someofusfeeljustalittleashamed thattheHolyFatherhastobeso humiliatedbywell-meaningdefenders. GermanandAustrianDiplomacy.

3,Owingtotheclever,andlfear unscrupulousdiplomacyofGermany andAustria,thedefendersofPapal neutralityhavehaddifficultiestosolve whichrequireddelicacyoftreatment beyondthegraspoftheordinarymen andwomenofthecountry.Thewriter ofthisarticlewaspresentlatelywhen anexcellentstatementoftheHoly Father'spositionwasputbeforea largeCatholicaudience.Yetagainand againhenoticedhow,throughthe complicationsofPrussianandAustrian diplomacy,thewell-informedandaccreditedspeakerhadtotakealineof defencewhichfailedtostirtheslightestenthusiasm.

Thismayaccountforthefact,insignificantinitself,butsignificantin thesehoursofstress,thattheCatholic -Union,carryingoutawishofthelate DukeofNorfolk,recentlyalteredits firstrulefrom"Theobjectsofthe Unionaretopromotebyeverylawful meanstherestorationoftheHolyFathertohislegitimaterightsasSovereignoftheStatesoftheChurch,and thedefenceoftheCatholicinterestsin general."to"TheobjectoftheUnion isthedefencebyeverylawfulmeans oftherightsandprerogativesofthe HolyFatherandofCatholicinterests ingeneral."(''CatholicTimes," 1 March).

Yet,evenif.thequestionofItalian Unitywere,stillinitsoldstateofunsettlement.itwouldbedifficultto thinkthatthePopewouldurgehis righttositatthePeaceConferenceon apleawhichwouldgivea'placeto everyotherTemporal'Sovereign.But iftheHolyFatherurged(athehas noturged)hisTemporalSovereignty asapleaforaplaceatthe'Peace'Conference,could.-noteveryotherTemporalSovereignurgealikeplea?And hasiteverbeenheardinhistorythat belligerentnationshaveadmittedthe rightofallSovereignstotakepartin thepreliminariesofpeace?ThetraditionalawarenessoftheHolySeemight betrustedtoavoidaclaimsoundiplomatic.

Inmattersofhumanaction,whether individualorcollective,muchconfusioniscausedbyfailingtodistinguish"right,""duty,""policy."or "can,""must,"and"will."Everyone whohasadutyhasaright;yetnot everyonewhohasarighthasaduty. Itmaybeaman'srighttospendhis. veek'swagesashelikes;yet,though itishisright,itmaynotbehisduty tospenditonbuyingbooksforhis library.Again,amanwhohasaright, butnotaduty,toperformanaction mayjudgethattoperformtheaction isthebestpolicy.Thus,X-may thinkthat,although.hehasarightto jdurney-toLondonbytramortrain, hisbestpolicy,inviewofthefare,is totravelbytram.

Now,inthematterof"theHoly FatherandthePeaceConference,"the questionofrightseemssettledbythe factsaswellasby.principles.

1.Thefactisthatnooneofany standinghasasserted'thisright.No onehassaid"ThePopehasarightto sitatthePeaceConference.The Powersthatwoulddenyorfrustrate thisrightwouldbecommittinga wrong;"asGermanyoverrodearight andcommittedawrongbybreaking theneutralityofBelgium.

TheHolyFather'sSilence.

2.IftheHolyFatherfeltthathe hadrightsofsittingatthis,andthereforeatevery,PeaceConference,his silenceisalmostunintelligible.Now, tobesilentonsuchanimportant mattermightwellseemabreachof duty.YetA-B-,inhissingularly lucidandlegalstatementofhisown personalview,confessesthat"theHoly Fatherhassaidnothing;norhashe authorisedotherstospeakinhis name."

InurgingthePope'spresenceatthe PeaceConferencearewenotplaying intothehands.ofthosewhohave foundintheastutestrategeticsof Prussiandiplomacyasign-nobigger thanaman'shand-ofthePope's PrussianandAustriansympathies?

4.Moreover,ifthePopeentersthe PeaceConferenceitshouldbealmost moreasjudgethanasplenipotentiary. Yetwhatjudgehastogoaboutseekingwhomhemaycondemnoracquit? Inthepresentcircumstances,then,it willseemtoEuropethatalltheCatholicpropagandaforthePopeatthe Peacenegotiationsisanadroitmove togaineithertemporalorspiritual power-orboth.Andthegreaterthe propaganda,thegreatertheresistance tothePope.TheHolyFatherisbut ill-servedbythosewhosezealousadvocacyonlyincreasesthesuspicions thatstillunhappilyandunjustlysurroundthatCuriaintheevesofnonCatholics.

PEPSCURESORE THROAT

SpiritualSovereignty. (b).AstheclaimtositatthePeace Conferencecouldnotbemadeonthe basisofthePope's-TemporalSovereignty,itmustbemadeonthebasis ofhisSpiritualSovereignty.Yethere againwefinditdifficulttoreconcile thisviewofthe-casewiththefactsof history.Manytreatiesofpeacehave beensignedinEuropesincethetime ofthefirstFisherman.Butthereisno traceoftheclaimtositatallthe PeaceConferencesbyrightofSpiritualSovereignty.Moreover,thisunclaimedright,ifitexisted,couldhardly beurgedagainstbelligerentsoutside thefoldoftheHoly.Father.England, America,Prussia,Turkey,andJapan, andeventosomeextentGermany, France,andAustria.arenotprofessedlychildrenoftheHolySee.Against themitisclearthatanyclaimofthe PopetositatthePeaceConference asaSpiritualSovereignwouldnotbe urgentorvalid.'Tosumup.Theverdictoffactsand principles,confirmedbythesilenceof theHolyFather,wouldseemtoprove thattheHolySeedoesnotclaimtosit atthePeaceConferenceasaright; andthereforetheexclusionoftheHoly Fatherwouldnotconstituteawrong.

TheQuestionofPolicy.

SUBLACOHOTEL

r.1..)/LEBYROAD,SUBIACO. EmuBeeralwaysonTap. GoodAccommodationforCountry Visitors.

WALTERWING,Proprietor.

GREATWESTERNHOTEL

William

3.Thisverdictofthefactsisconfirmed-bytheverdictoftheprinciples. ForiftheHolyFatherhadsuchrights tositatthePeaceConferencethatany

TheTrueRemedyforCoughsand Colds. Thereislittleconsolationincoddlingasorethroatwithold-fashioned remedies,orwiththegreasyemulsions, nastyastringentgargles,ordrugged compoundswhichhavebeenyouronly resourceinthepast,butthere'scomfortandhealinginPeps,theunique pine-airtablets. TherearethreeespecialreasonswhyyoushouldalwaystakePepsforsore throat.FirstbecausePepsdonot merelyeaseyourthroattrouble,and leavethechest,bronchialtubes,and lungstofighttheirownbattle;second. becausePepsareanabsolutelysafe andnaturalprescription,beingfree fromopium,chloral,cocaine,orany othernarcoticdrug;third,because Pepsneverfailtobringrelief,nomatterwhatmayhavecausedyourthroat trouble.

Whateverthecauseofyoursore throat,Pepsaretheidealremedy.The puremedicinalpineassencesinPeps arepowerfullygermicidalandantiseptic,providingjustthehelpNature needstoconquerandexpelthegerms ofinfection,whichalwaysenterthe bodythroughtheair-passages.The pineessencesinPepsarealsohighly demulcentandexpectorant.Theycomfort,soothe,and.healthesoreness,irritation,andinflammationofthe throat,bronchialtubes,andlungs,and willcuretheworstcoughorcold.

Fromthequestionofrightwepass tothequestionofpolicy.Catholic writershavenotalwayswrittenon thesetwopointswiththatclearness whichthedelicacyofthesituationrequired.Yetinsomecasestheymayfairlybetakentomeanthat,whilst theydonptclaimforthePopethe righttositatthePeaceConference, theymaintainthathispresencewould beofgreatservice.Indeed,ifhisservicesatthepeacenegotiationswereno greaterthanhisservicestoprisoners andothersduringthewar,noreasonableobjectioncouldbetakentohis presencebyenvoyamongstthepeace envoysoftheothercountries.

1.ThisdesireofCatholicstoseet'e HolyFatherrepresentedamongstthe peaceenvoysisevidentlyamatterof policy;ofwhichtheHolyFatherhimselfistheultimatejudge.Butasmany-

Pepsareabsolutelyunique.There isnoremedyeither"justasgood"or evenremotelyresemblingPeps.But youshouldbeonyourguardagainst cheapandworthlesssubstitutesand imitations.Ofallchemistsandstores at1/6or3/-abox,orpostfreefrom C.E.Fulford(Aus.).Ltd.,39Pitt street,Sydney.

J.SPIGL

TobacconistandStationery, Shaving,Haircutting. ModeratePrices. Haystreet,opp.Foy's,andWellington street.

Uktoria Park Hotel

VictoriaPark

P.J.CONDREN,Proprietor.

AuntBessy'sCorner

MyDearChildren,-Themonthof JunewillbewithusbeforeIcanspeak toyouagain,andIwouldliketoremindthoseofyouwho,perhaps,do notknow,thatthisgreatmonthofthe twelveisdevotedbyHolyChurchto theSacredHeart.You-havelearned fromyourmothersandfromyour teachersofallthegreatlovethatis storedupintheDivineHeartofthe GreatTeacherWhosaid,"Sufferthe littlechildrentocomeuntoMe."And haven'tyourlittleeyesoftenbrightenedwhenyouheardthesweetstories ofthatPreciousHeart'sloveforthe sufferingandsorrowingwhocometo seekarefugeinit.YouandIandall, mylittlefriends,willhavetheopportunitygivenusduringthemonthof Juneofofferingourpoortributesof loveandprayertothedearHeartof OurLordandRedeemer,andweought nottoletthatopportunityslip,becausemanyofusmaynothavealike chanceagain.Itisamonththatshould befruitfulofgreatgracesformankind becauseofthemanyNovenasthatwill bemade,and,thoughweareonlybeggarsonthehighwayoflife,wemaydo muchduringthispreciousmonthby thecharityofourprayersandourlove pouredoutindevotiontotheSacred Hearttowinitsmercyformankind. Letourlovebeof.thebestandour devotionsthesweetest,andjoinedin betweenletourgreatintentionbethat GodinHisinfinitemercywillseefitto changethewaysofwarringnationsto peaceandgoodwillamongstallmen. Letourprayersuniteinthatdirection,and,thoughbeggarsonly,wemay begreatalmonersalso.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.

N.B.-Notmanylettersthisweek.I thoughtthecoolweatherwouldput moreenergyintomydearchildren, butitseemstocramptheirfingers.I wonderwhatisthebestthingtodoto wakethemup.Tellme.-A.B.

THETWOECHOES.

Twoechoes,eachwithmouthandears, Livedpeacefullyformanyyears, Tillone,notmeaningtooffend, Said,"Letmehearyourvoicemy friend. Iknowmyvoiceisveryfine, Butwhichisfiner,yoursormine?" "Mine,"saidtheother,loudandclear; "Mine,"saidthefirst,intonessevere; "Mine,"saidtheotherecho,next; "Mine,"saidthefirstone,rather vexed. And'mine"wasallthattheywould say, Andneitherofthemwouldgiveway. Forthoughmostechoescanbemute, Ifspokentotheywilldispute. AndIamsurethesealwayswill, Fortheretheyare,disputingstill.

FAVOURRECEIVED.

Mrs.C.T.,Boulder,sends5sforlittle foundlingsingratitudeforfavourreceived.

ALULLABY.

Cuddleup,andgood-night; Closethoseblueeyessobright, Fairangelswillguardthee Throughoutthedarknight. Hushthyfears,laythyhead OntheChild'stenderbreast, AndHislovewillo'er-shroudthee Andblessthystreetrest!

Pingelly.

-SHEILAGREEN.

Sheiladear,IreallywishyouWere rightinyourguessing.Ishouldhave beenwhatyourimaginationshapesme: Butyouareprobablynearerinyour surmisingthanthosewhoholdadifferentopinion.Thankyouforyourkind thoughts:letusmakethemmutual. AUNTBESSY.

Middletonroad,Albany, May21,1918. DearAuntBessy,-,Mysisterhas beentellingmetowritetoyouthis lastmonth.Ihavebesidesmyselffour brothersandtwosisters;allcounted arenine.Myfatherhasbeenfighting inFrancefortwoyears.Hewasinthe greatstrugglerecently.Helikesto knowhowwearegettingonathome andatschool,etc.Mythreeeldest brothershavenowlefttheschool.My ybungsisterisinthethirdinfants,my othersisterandbrotherareinthe secondstandard,whileIaminthe fifth.WehaveafarmattheKalgan Riverdistrict,fourteenmilesfrom Albany.Wedonotlivethere,because itisdullandslow.Thelandthereis not.veryfertile,buttherearelotsof pleasuresandviewsoftherivers,seas

andhills.Thereisanoysterharbour, andtheKingandKalganRivers,with twobridgeseachinthemouthsand fartherupthestream,thereareseveral jetties.Hillsthereare,Mt.Masonand manyotherwelldistinguishedhills.At themouthoftheKalganisasortofa limeandsawmill.Albanyisanice littletownwithgoodviews.Iwillnow endup,sogood-bye.Yoursincere friend, DAVEGOMM.

Thankyou,mysincerefriend,for yourchattyletter,andthelotofcondensedinformationIhavebeenable toextractfromit.Ihavelearnedmuch ofthegeographyofKalganRiverdistrict,andIamsureyouwilltellme moreaboutthe"nicelittletownwith goodviews"whenyouwriteagain. But,mydearDave,besurethatyour descriptionwillbearthefiercelight ofFrankSullivan'sshrimpinglamp, otherwisethere'llbebother-andI'm notlookingfortrouble,itusually comesmywaywithoutcallingtoit.A mostunmannerlythingtodo,don't you,think?Ihopeyourfatherhas comeoutofthegreatrecentstruggle youmentionwithoutbeingharmedby thedreadfulfighting.Somanybrave andgrandliveshavebeenlostbywar thatIwishtherewasanendofwar foreverandforever.Mylovetothe nineofyou-youtoshareitround. Yourloving AUNTBESSY.

18Salisburystreet,Subiaco.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamreturning mycardtoyouto-day.1amsorryI wasnotabletogetmore,butmoney isveryscarcethesetimes.Ihopethis willbesomelittlehelp.Iamenclosing Ilspostalnoteandthreepenny stamps.Withbestlovetoyouandthe "weeones."Yourlovingniece, MOLLIEDESMOND.

MydearMollie,Iammostthankful foryournicelittlecollectionforthe littlefoundlings.Iknowmoneyisvery scarceinsomedirections,butonoccasionsthereseemstobeplentyofit.I hopeourlittlefoundlings,however, willnotbemadetofeelthepinchof hardtimes.Ihopeyouaremakinggoodprogresswithyourstudiesat school,andIampleasedwithyour letter,thoughbrief.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.

PoliceStation,SouthernCross, May27,1918. DearAuntBessy,-Thisismyfirst lettertoyou.Pleasewillyouoccept measoneofyournieces.Iamseven yearsold.Ihaveonesister;hername isAnnie.Yourwould-beniece, MARYFITZGERALD.

Iamverypleased,Marydear,to haveyouforalittleniece,andIhope youwillbewithmeforalong,long while.Youmustwritetomeoften, andIknowyouwillbeveryhappywithmybigfamilyofniecesand nephews.PerhapslittleAnniewill comelaterandbeacompanionforyou inourCorner.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.

Cue,May26,1918.

DearAuntBessy,-Iwasvery pleasedtoseethatyouhadaccepted measoneofyournieces.IwasdelightedtoseeRonnie'sandmyown lettersinthe"Record"lastweek.I shallpromisetowritetoyouregularly. WehadMasshereto-day.Father Irwinisourparishpriest,butheonly comesonceamonth,ashehastogo toDayDawn,Nannine,andMeekatharra.Wehavefivenuns2Ltheconvent,andtwogotoDayDawneach morningtoteachthechildrenthere. DayDawnisveryquietnow,asthe GreatFingal]minehascloseddown andeverybodyisleavingthetown; suchalotofhousesarebeingpulled downandsentaway,asironissovery dear.Well,AuntBessy,Iamsureyou wouldlovetobeherenow,asthe weatherislovely,fardifferentthan summer,asitissoveryhotinsummer.Willclosenowwithheapsof lovetothe"weeones"andyourself. Yourlovingniece, THERESAWEBSTER.

Iamverypleased,mydearTheresa, thattheappearingofyourandRonnie's lettersgavesuchpleasure.Letthe pleasurebecontinuousbyniceletters tomeveryoften.Youwritenicely, andIamgladtohavethelatestnews fromthewaybackplaces.Iamsorry tohearthatDayDawnhasfallenon evildays,andthatthepeopleare leavingit.Miningtownsseemtohave shortlives.Itisagreatpity,Ithink. Iamgladtoheartheweatherislovely Cuewards;justnowwearegettingit onthemoistureside.Wemustn't, however,expecttohaveitonthe lovelysideallthewhile-itwouldbecomemonotonous.Thankyouforthe loveyousendthe"weeones"andyour loving AUNTBESSY.

NewNorcia,,May28,1918. DearAuntBessy,-OnceagainIam writingyouafewlines.Wehavehad someverynicerainlately.Theplace .islookingveryfreshandgreen.I suppose"MasterFrost"willsoonbe payingussomevisits.Therewasa euchrepartyhereSaturdayweekin aidoftheChildren'sHospital.Iraffled acake,anditbrought 9s6d.We havehadacoupleoflettersfrommy brotherJoe.Hewasonthehigh.seas then.Wehavenothadanyletters fromAndrewforsometime.Oneof mycousinsininthePublicHospital,Perth,withtyphoidfever.Isincerely hopeshewillrecoversoon.Iamsure youwillnotforgetherinyourprayers. WearehavingCorpusChristiprocessionherenextSunday.Itwillbevery nice.Well,dearAuntyBessy,asnews isveryscarce,Iwillclose,withfondest loveandkissestoyourselfandthe "weeones."Yourlovingnephew, PATLANIGAN. dearPat,Iam'alwaysvery pleasedtohearfromyou.Youare,I think,themostregularcorrespondent Ihaveamongstmynephews.Itseems tomethattheirfingersare,onthe whole,notnearlysonimblewiththe penasmynieces',andIoftenwonder why.Canyoutellme?Ihavemany devotednephewsIIwouldn'tliketo saythatanyoneofthemanythatI haveisnot),buttheydon'trushme withletters.Iamstillwaitingforthe motordriveyoupromisedme.Say, Pat,doyouthink,withtheassistance ofKathleen,youcouldgetupaeuchre partyatNewNorciaforthe"wee ones;"itwouldsurelycatchon.£29s 6dforacake!My!itisgreat.Ihope Andrewisquitesafeandwell,and thatyourcousinwillsoonbewelland strongagain,Yourloving -AUNTBESSY.

sessions.Thatdramaofthrills,"The OathofProtea,"isduethisSabbath night.

FREMANTLEMAJESTIC. "20,000LeaguesUndertheSea!"

Yes,thisastoundingsuper-drama comestoFremantelMajesticto-morrowafteraseasonofqueuesandcrowdsextendingoverawholeweek inPerth.Itisapicturethatreally beggarsdescription.Itisonelongthrill fromfirsttolastofits8000feet,andit hasbeenactuallyfilmedunderwater. Man,woman,andchildsitamazed andmystifiedatitswonderfulrealism anditsappealtotheuniversal.No Portonianshouldmissit.OnWednesdayBessieBarriscalein'ThoseWho Pay,"isdue,andthisSundaynight "Life'sWhirlpools,"featbringEthel Barrymore,isthestar.

GRANDANDROYAL. "TheBarrier,"byRexBeach,which willbeseenattheTheatreRoyalto-day(Saturday),establishesanewera andsetsanewstandardinmotion pictures.Itisapictureforalltype:-., allages,allclassesofpeople.Itwill givetheconfirmed"moviefan"anew ideaofthepossibilitiesofmotionpie- tures-iewillmoveandthrillandfascinatethoseforwhomtheordinary picturehasno'appeal.Suchscenesas "TheBarrier"depictshaveneverbeforebeenseeninfilmdramas.They areuniqueinconception,insetting,in action,instartlingrealism,intense, absorbinghumaninterest.Bigdramatic momentsfollowoneanotherbreathlessly.Daring,dangeroussituations ariseateveryturn.Thefightsarereal tights.Thatterrificstruggleforthekidnappedgirlonthedesolatebanks oftheYukonRiverisaclassic.Nothinglikeitwaseverbeforeseenin motionpictures.Itstandsto-day,and doubtlesswillstandforalongz;ineto come,asthemostdesperateandspec- tacularfightbetweentwomenever filmed.Eventhelovescenesof"The Barrier"haveanintensity-agenuine, whole-heartedfervour-thatwillstir theemotionsofthemosthardened theatre-goer.AndPoleon,thelaughing, singingguideandprospector,chivalrousinlove,terribleinbattle,and majesticinhisgreatrenunciation ecene,isthestrongest,finestcharacter seenonthescreeninmanyayear. AttheGrand,ontheotherhand.we havepopularstarsintheirmostrecentfilms.KittyGordon,inanew Brady-madedrama,"TheDivineSac rifice,"istobeseento-day(Saturday), astoryofthe evenabovethenaturaldesiresofevery woman.OnWednesdaynextthefay- ouriteAliceBradywillbeseenina Brady-made,"TheSpursofSybil," whichforconcentratedexcitementand charmwillprobablybeunequalled amongAliceBrady'spictures.

St.Vincent'sfoundlingHome

TROOPERJOHNH.LAWLER, Onactiveservice,Egypt.

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PERTHMAJESTIC. Majesticpatrunswillwelcome BryantWashburnagainatPerthMajesticonSaturday.Bryantneedsno introductionhere,foralltheworld knowshiminthecapacityofSkinner. Thistimehecomesinastoryinmany waysdifferent,butquiteaspowerful andappealingastheSkinnerstories. Saturday'sstaris"TheBlindnessof Virtue."Itisadramainsixgreatacts -adramanotofsicklysexandsordidness,butofwarningtoever,mother andeverydaughter.Asthepicture journalsconcede,thisbigsuper-story servestoillustrateheretheremarkable versatilityofBryantWashburn,for weseehiminanentirelydifferenttype ofroletohispreviouscreations.But heisjustasconvincing,justastelling, andjustaslovable."TheBlindnessof Virtue"explainsitselfbyitstitle.It tellshowvirtueisveryoftenadanger tothevirtuousbecauseitsooften carrieswithitblindnesstotheevilsof life,andthepurposeofthepictureis totellmothersanddaughtersbyprac-ticalillustrationtheveryurgentnecessityofplacingeducationinthewayof virtueinorderthatvirtuemaynotby ignorancebedefiled.Thepictureis notoneofthesordidtypessimply madeforthesubjectitdealswith.It isasternandpowerfulpreachmenton asubjectthatneedsmore'attention fromourpulpitsandpress,butthe storyistoldinsuchawaythatthe youngestandpurestmindmaynotbe rudelyshockedorundulysurprised.It isaclean,straightmorallesson,and BryantWashburnbringsithometo everyheartinhisownslashingfashion. LittleMaryMcAlister,in"TheSeason ofChildhood,"suppliesanadmirable support,whileBaile'sOrchestraisa muchappreciatedfeatureofevening

TheSistersof'Mercygratefullyacknowledgethefollowingdonationsin aidoftheFoundlingHome:

AFriend,Albany,5s:MissEgan,5s; Restitution,Fremantle,10s;Mr. StuartPatterson,Kellerberrin,2cases apples;MissEgan,parcelofclothing; UglyMen'sCompetition,50lbsflour.

Theprincipaleffectsofspiritualidlenessareweariness,followedbyindifference,andthennegligenceintheobservanceoftheCommandmentsofGod andofHisChurch,andaresentment againstthosewhotrytoarouseinus asenseofourreligiousduties.

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TourMeetingisnextFridaynight. 111THERE,andbringaFriendto lointhePREMIERBRANCHinthe bate.

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FortnightlyMeetingonTuesdayin theConventHighSchool.Members ireearnestlyrequestedtoRollUp.

Contributionsreceivedanyweekday from9a.m.to6p.m.bytheSecretary, S.J.HILL,Secretary, 1340Addisstreet,Kalgoorlie.

MODERATETARIFF.

T. J. GLOWREY,Proprietor.

TheExcellenciesofallPurities Embodiedin UNIONIMPERIALSTOUT, TheSupperDish.

TheManWhoHasWontheHeartsoffightingMen

Paris.April1,1918.

S-s-h-h-h-h-h!Don'twhisperitto thebigots,lesttheirprejudicesbe strongerthantheirpatriotism.But it'safact!ThebrotherofaJesuitis leadingtheAlliedarmiestovictory'. Forsuch,indeed,isGeneralFerdinand Foch(Foshi,thehopeandheroofthe Alliedworld.YearsagoFrancewas lookingforamilitarymancompetent tofillthepostofDirectoroftheEcole deGuerre.Thepostwasacoveted one.UnnumberedFrenchgeneral officersofhighfamilyandpolitical connectionswereseekingtheplace. Thewireswerepulledsohardandthe entanglementsbecamesocomplex thatClemenceau(thenPremier)suddenlycastalltheschemersasideand decidedtopickadarkhorseofhis ownchoosing.

WhereupontheFrenchPremierone dayinvitedtheunsuspectingGeneral Foch,whohadnotbeensomuchas mentionedamongthecandidatesand neverhadhadthevaguesthopethat hisnamewouldbeconsideredevenfor amoment,tocallonedayforaroutineconference.Atthecloseofthe perfunctorytalkClemenceausuddenly invitedGeneralFochtoluncheonwith him.

"Oh,bytheway,General,"remarked thePremierlightlyoverthecoffeeand cigars,"Ihaveabitofnewsforyou. Itmayinterestyoutolearnthatyou arenominatedDirectoroftheEcole deGuerre."

BrotherofaJesuitPriest. "I?"exclaimedtheastoundedGeneral."Why,Iamnotevenacandidate! It'simpossible.And,besides,Ifear youdonotknowaboutmyfamily. Whatwouldthepoliticianssayifthey weretolearnthattheDirectorofthe EcoledeGuerreisofareligiousfamily towhomtheChurchisoftremendous moment?Youmaynotknowit,but mybrotherisaJesuit!Thinkofit,a Jesuitpriest."

"Thatbedamned!"isthereplyattributedtothebrusqueFrenchPremier."AlltheJesuitsintheworld couldnotalterthefactthatyouare tobetheDirectoroftheEcolede Guerre!"

AndthereuponforfiveyearsGeneralFoch,asheadofFrance'sgreat schoolofwar,renderedservicesasa militaryteacherwhichwentfartowardturningouttheunparalleled armywhichforalmostfouryearshas beenputtingupthemagnificentfight ofhistory.

LikeGeneralJoffre,GeneralFoch wasborninthesouthofFrance.In fact,bothwerebornafewmilesfrom eachotherwithinlessthanfour months.GeneralFochisthedescendantofanancientBasquefamily, whichformanygenerationslivedin whatisnowtheDepartmentofthe Hautes-Pyrenees,ontheSpanishborder,TheGeneralwasbornOctober2, 1851,inthetownofTarbes. Hisfather,NapoleonFoch,wasa Bonapartist,andsecretaryoftheprefectureatTarbesunderNapoleonIII. TherealsowerebornGeneralFoch's brothers.Oneofthesebrothersisa lawyer,andalsobearsthenameof Napoleon.Theotherbrotherisstilla priestintheSocietyofJesus. TheGeneralandhisbrothersattendedasmallcollegeinTarbes,andthen lefthometotakeuptheirrespective military,legal,andreligiousstudies. Afterhisserviceasasubaltern-like Joffre-intheFranco-PrussianWarof 1870,youngFochbeganrapidlyto earnareputationasastudentand militaryscientistamonghiscolleagues inthearmy.When26yearsoldhereceivedacommissionascaptaininthe artillery,andsteadilyroseinrank until,whileaBrigadier-General,he wentbacktohisoldEcoledeGuerre asitsdirector.

theGermansmadeagreatonslaught.

A-.theheadoftheBritishandBelgian wellastheFrenchforceswhichmet thatonslaught,GeneralFochagain out-foughtandout-generaledtheGermans.Andoncemorehestoppedtheir drive,whichthistimewasheaded towardsCalaisandtheEnglishChan, nel.

thistimehewashailed,evenby thegreatestofmilitaryexperts,asone oftheforemostmilitarygeniusesof thewholewar.Hehadbecomeknown asonemanwhocouldactimpetuously andyet,strangeastheparadoxmay seem,alwayswithscientificcalculation -with"clear-thinkingimpulsiveness," asoneBritishmilitaryobserverof noteputit.AstaciturnasJoffreon occasions,heshowedalwaysanervous dashandheadlongmethodofattack neverobservedinthemorecautious butveryableJoffre. Heiscreditedwithbeingnearerthe cartsofhisfightingmenandwith knowingmoreoftheirthoughts,their desires,theirmostinsignificantlongings,thananymaninFrance.And althoughheneverpermitsoffamiliaritythatwouldendangerdiscipline,he haslearnedtoknowtheheartofthe Frenchsoldierbyminglingwiththem inthetrenches,talkingtothemat firsthand.beingofthembutalways abovethem.

Acknowledgments

Mr.Donoghue,Maylands,9s9d.

Mr.Schork,Mavlands,lls6d.

Mr.Egan,Maylands,9s9d. GoodShepherdConvent,Leederville,9s9d.

Mrs.Jones,Subiaco,9s9d.

Mr.M.Hallion,NorthFremantle, 6s6d.

Mr.L.Fay,EastFremantle,9s9d. OblateFathers,Fremantle,6s.

Mr,W.C.Sellenger,Fremantle,lOs 6d.

Mrs.Harrington,Fremantle,9s9d.

Mrs.Foley,Coolup,5s.

Mr.C.F.Deakin,WestPerth,lls6d.

Mr.Baker,WestClaremont,£1lOs 6d.

Mr.J.Farrelly,Noggerup,£113s.

Mrs.O'Loughlin,NorthPerth,.3s3d.

Mr.M.Carey,Burrekup,16s3d.

Mr.C.Moynahan,Wyndham.£16s. RedemptoristMonastery,North Perth("Records"soldatchurch),£10 13s6d.

Rev.FatherCrowley,Highgate ("Records"soldatchurch,perMaster Chipper),£34s6d.

Mrs.P.Barron,Subiaco,lls6d.

Rev.FatherLynch,Maylands("Records"soldatchurch),£28s.

Mr.Stott,EastWagin,£18s.

Mr.E.Raphael,Merridan,2s6d.

Mrs.O'Rourke,Dumbleyung,5s6d.

Mr.P.Collier,Perth,16s3d.

Mrs.E.Hayes,Perth,lls6d.

St.Patrick's,WestPerth,7s6d.

Mr.P.B.Durack,Wagin,£12s6d.

Mr.G.Barker,Perth,£1ls,9d. Cathedral,£22s. SubiacoChurchsales(perRev.J. O'Grady),£618s7d.

Mrs.Wilkinson,Armadale,13s.

Mr.M.Perry,Kurrawang,3s9d.

Mr.M.O'Brien.Meckering,lb6d.

Mr.W.J.Eastcott,Waegerup,13s.

Mr.W.Newton,Mingenew,3s.

Mrs.Holt,Maddington,£1.

Mrs.Costain,Jarrandale,12s.

MountSt.Joseph's BOARDINGANDDAYSCKOOL, YORKST.,SOUTHPERT'. ConductedbytheSistersofit

Joseph.

Followinghisfiveyearsasheadof theWarCollege,hewasplacedin commandoftheThirteeenthDivision, oftheFrencharmy.NexthecommandedtheEighthCorpsatBourges, andfromthiscommandhewasplaced attheheadoftheTwentiethCorpsat Nancy. Whenthegreatconflictbetweenhis owncountryandGermanyfinallywas begunbyGermanyinAugust,1914, GeneralFochwasintheLorrainedis. trict.Then,whentheGermanshad ravishedBelgiumandweretearing downuponParis,hewashurriedfrom hisposttostandsidebysidewith Joffreinthegreatcounter-attack whichculminatedattheMarne. AndonSeptember9,1914.itwas GeneralFochwho,reasoningthatthere mustbesomesortofgapbetweenthe PrussianGuardandtheSaxonarmy, "foundtheenemy'sweakpoint."He promptlyassembledasufficientquantityofartillery,tosmashtheGuardin themarshesofSt.Gond.separated SaxonfromPrussian.andsoforced theGermanstofallback.

Again,hewasingeneralcommand atYpres,fortunately,whenoncemore

ThisBoardingSchoolissituatedis oneofthemostattractiveandhealthy suburbsofPerth,andcommandsa delightfulviewoftheSwanRiverand City.Theviewfromtheupperportion ofthebuildingisoneofthefinestand mostpicturesque.Thegroundsare ample,andwelllaidout.

Fordelightfulsituation,beautiful scenery,andhealthyclimate,Mt.St Joseph'sstandsunrivalled.

Thecourseofstudyembracesallthe branchesofa1.:oroughEnglisheduca tion,Mathematics,Elocution,Physical Culture,Drawing,Painting,Music,and Needlework.

Specialfacilitiesareofferedtopupils desirousoffollowingacommercial courseinStenography,Typewriting, andBookkeeping. PupilsarepreparedfortheUniversity,CommercialandMusicalExam. (nations. ThehealthandcomfortofthechildrenconfidedtothemarecarefullyattendedtobytheSisters.

Forfurtherparticularsapplytothe SISTERSUPERIOR, Mt.St.Joseph'sConvent, SouthPerth. Tel.U9.

ConscriptingthePriests

AGRAVEPERIL.

UnderthenewManPowerBill,Englandhasdecidedtofollowtheexample ofFrance,andconscripttheclergy. Howconscriptionhasaffectedthe priestsandotherecclesiasticsinFrance istoldinanarticleinthe"Catholic Bulletin"ofDublin.Itmentionsthe manystoriesthathaveappearedin printillustratingtheheroismdisplayed bythoseFrenchsoldier-priests,and thengoeson:Thesestories,andcountlessothers likethem,thatfoundtheirwayinto thepapersmayormaynothavebeen true.Thereisnothingimprobable aboutthem.Theyare,infact,.thekind ofthingsweshouldnaturallyhaveexpectedfrommenwhostoodsoloyally togetherandenduredwithsuchsublimefortitudethesavagepersecution towhichtheyweresubjectedupto thebeginningofthewar.But,trueor fictitious,itisofimportancetonote thattheincidentsdescribedwerecalculatedtoproduceastateofmindwith regardtotheChurchandherministershighlyinjurioustothebestinterestsofreligion.Insomeinstancesthe storiesofsoldier-priestshavebeen writtenbyCatholics,andgiventothe publicwiththebestpossiblemotives. AnhonestprideistakenintheheroismofthoseservantsofGod,anda deepsenseofsatisfactionisfeltatthe brightprospectofareligiousawakeningthatislikelytobeproducedbythe laboursofthosewhohaveacquiredincreasedinfluenceamongtheircountrymen.Inothercasesthestoriesarepublishedwiththeplain,business-like motiveofenlistingthesympathyand enthusiasmofthereligious-mindedon thesideofthosewhoaregivingpriests anopportunityofshowinghowmuch theycansuffer.Butwhateverthe motive,theeffectproducedisthe same.Theaccountsaresopresented thatpeopleareblindedtothefact thattheimpositionofmilitaryservice onthepriesthoodisinrealitygravely injurioustoreligion;is,indeed,aninfamyofthedarkestkind.Readers cometoforgetthatitwasprompted, andismaintained,notbymilitary necessity,loveofcountry,oranyother reasonthatmightcarrywithitsome shadowofjustification,thatitwasa callous,deliberate,andpremeditated attempttostrikeatthefoundations oftheChurch'sinfluence.Thenameof Godhasbeenerasedfromthechildren'sbooks,de-Christianisedteachers wereintheschools,andithadbeen hoped,withmuchreason,thatthedemoralisationandreductioninnumbers ofthepriestlyworkerswouldcomplete theworkofquenchingthelightsof heaven.

condemnationofthesedoctrinesby PiusIX.Anyonewishingtoverifythis maydosobyreferringtothecondemnedpropositions,30and32,containedintheSyllabusofErrors.In issuingthesecondemnations,PiusIX. wasnotmakinganewdeparture,or insistingonadoctrinethathadnot beenallalongdefinitelyacceptedby trustworthycanonistsandtheologians. BonifaceVIII.declaredtheprivilegeof personalimmunityofecclesiasticsto benotmerelyofhuman,butofdivine right,LeoX.promulgatedthesame doctrineattheLateranCouncil,and renewedalltheconstitutionsinfavour ofecclesiasticalliberty.AttheCouncil ofTrenttherightofpersonalimmunitywassaidtobeanarrangementof God,andprinceswereexhortedtosee thatitwasdulyobserved.

If,then,thisprivilegeofecclesiastics beofdivineoriginassogreatan authorityasSuarezhasheld,orifit iscontainedinthepowersentrusted byChristtotheChurchforthepurposeoffulfillinghermissionasismore generallyaccepted,itfollowsthatno Statecanarrogatetoitselfthepower ofsubjectingthepriestsoftheChurch totheserviceofarms.TheState,just aswellastheChurch,deriveswhateverpowersitpossessesfromGod; andinthecaseoftheState,aswell asinthatoftheindividual,Godwill notallowspiritualintereststobeinjured,evenforthegainingofproblematicaltemporaladvantage.It follows,too,thatnoonewhohasthe interestsofreligionatheartcanview withcomplacencytheformationinthe publicofaconditionofmindthatendureswithindifferencethegrossviolationoftheChurch'srights,or,what ismoreseriousstill,isdisposedtoacceptthisviolationasablessingindisguise.

spiritualaidsofwhichnow,morethan ever,theyhaveneed,soastobemaintamedinthespiritoftheirvocation. Itissufficienttohavereceivedthe confidencesofourworthyBishopstortured(thewordisnottoostrong)by theanguishthattheprospectoftoe futureoccasionsthem,ofthefutureof theChurchofFrance,three-fourthsof whoseclergy(accordingtothefigures oftheMinisterofWar)isatthismomentundermilitaryservice;ofour Bishopswhoseek,withlittlesuccess (aboveall,ifthepresentcondition shouldhappentobeprolonged)for suitableremedies,Ishallnotsayto arrest,buteven,todiminishtheappallingevils."

ProtestAgainstConscription. ReferringtothethreatofconscriptingIreland,thewritersays:"Itis bettertosayatoncewhatweshall certainlysayifwearefacedwithconscription,andthatisthatwewon't haveitinanyshapeorform;anditis welltotakethenecessarysteps,toensurethatourdeterminationwillnot beoverborne.Inthismatterthe',nest isboundwiththelayman,andwehave itontheauthorityoftheillustrious princeoftheChurchalreadyreferred tothatconscriptionasappliedtothe priestisimpious,sacrilegious,revolutionaryandatheistical,thatitisa profanationofthesacerdotalcharac-er,atransgressionofthemostsacred lawsoftheChurch,andleadsnaturally toadebasingofthepriestlycharacter anddestructionofthepriestlyinfluence.Irishmen,priestsandpeople, havefoughtmanyagoodcausein commonbefore.Theyhaveneverbeenconfrontedwithamorerighteousone thanthatwhichhasforitsobjecttne safeguardingoftheircountryfromthe mostappallingspiritualdangersby whichithaseverbeenthreatened.

Goomalling

GreatLosstotheChurch. ApartaltogetherfromthedivineinsightthattheChurchenjoysinmattersseriouslyaffectingthefulfilment ofhermission,centuriesofexperience havetaughtherthatlong,careful,and uninterruptedtrainingunderthesupervisionofcompetentspiritualguidesis essentialifherministersaretobe fittedforthedutiesthey-willhaveto discharge;andevenwhenallthatis humanlypossiblehasbeendone,the resultattainedwilloftentimesfallfar shortofwhatisdesirable.Theheresies andschismsthathavebeencausedby ministersoftheGospel,the,corruption andabusesthathavebrokenoutat timesinmonasticOrdersandamong thesecularclergy,giveproofenough ofthis.Butwhatistobeexpected, consideringthecommonfrailtyof humannatureandthestrongandinsidiousoftheworld,ifthehelpsforthe formationofhabitsofprobitythatare securedinthesystemofpreparation fortheministryhavetobedispensed with.

PriestsShouldNotbeForcedtoBear Arms. Thosewhoareantoftouchwiththe actualstateofaffairs,andaredependentonaspecially-prepareddietof incidentsfortheirknowledge,maybe inclinedtoentertaindelusionsregardingthelikelihoodofthefrustrationof thedesignsoftheenemiesofthe Church.Manyhavegonesofarasto citetheexistingsituationasanother evidenceofthewonderfulprovidence thatdrawsgoodoutofevil.Unfortunately,theFrenchBishopswhohavethe interestsofreligionatheart,andwho seethingsastheyreallyare,have foundnogroundsforsuchoptimism. Asamatteroffact,thetransitoryand accidentalgoodecectsthatmeetthe publiceyeserveonlytoincreasethe peril;for,asaneminentecclesiastic commentingonthisquestionhassaid, "Thedevilisnever.,moredangerous thanwhenhecomes'clothedasan angeloflight." ButhasnottheStatetherightto imposemilitaryserviceonthepriests oftheChurch,justasitimposestaxes onthemandsubjectsthemtothe otherburdensthataresharedbyother citizens?Ithasnot.FreedomfromserviceinarmsisoneofthoseimmunitiesorprivilegesthattheChurchpossessesasastrictright,andwhichshe musthaveifsheistofulfilherobligationstoherDivineMaster. TheDivineRight. TheimmunitiesthattheChurchenjoyedinformeragesweremoreextensivethanthoseinforceto-day.Some shehasvoluntarilyallowedtofallinto disuse;otherssheallowstobedisregarded;buttherighttoexemption frommilitaryserviceshehasneverrelinquished,norcouldsherelinquishit, evenifshewishedcodoso.Uptothe middleofthelastcenturythereexistedaschoolofthought,comprisingmen whoupheldthesupremerightofthe Stateinthisas,indeed.manyother matters.Theymaintainedthatthe privilegeofpersonalimmunitywas reallyofcivilorigin,andthatconsequentlywithoutanyviolationofnaturalrightorequity,itcouldbeabrogatedbytheState.This,ofcourse,is thepresentpositionofFrenchatheists. ForCatholics,however,thequestion wasdefinitelyclosedbytheexpress

Withalldueallowanceforthehigh standardofmoralitythatissaidto prevailamongsoldiery,especiallyin wartime,Ithinknoonewillventure toassertthatthemoralatmosphereof amilitarybarracks,ofamilitary camp,orevenofthefieldofbattle,is idealforthetrainingofaspirantsto thepriesthood.Itisfromthisdirectionaswellasfromtheslaughterand incapacitatingofthepriests,whoare alreadytoofewfortheworkthatisto beaccomplished,thattheperilexists fortheChurch,andherenemiesknow thisaswellasherself. PereDudon,whohasmadeanexhaustivestudyofthequestionofthe supplyofpriestsinFrance,computed thatasfarbackas1906,therewasa deficiencyof3109,andpredictedthat, onaccountofthepositionofthe Churchbeforethelaw,vocationswould goondecreasinginfrequency.His forebodingshaveunfortunatelybeen fullyjustified.

TryingPositionoftheFrenchBishops, Wecanreadilyunderstandthatthe verytryingpositioninwhichthe FrenchEpiscopacyisplacedmakesa freeandcandidexpressionoftheir viewsonthisquestionpracticallyimpossible.Nevertheless,itisabundantly clearthatthesituationhasnotbeen presentedinthispaperindarkercoloursthan.theyseeit.Thismaybe gatheredfromthefollowinggrave wordsoftheillustriousCardinalBillot, addressedtotheFrenchCatholicsof RomeattheFrenchSeminaryon, March25ofthisyear:'Toguardourselvesfromallexaggeratedenthusiasmitissufficienttogiveeartothe criesofanguishthatreachusfromthe chaplainsatthefront,and,aboveall, fromthoseattachedtoambulances andhospitals,placedinthepresenceof reality,inthepresenceofthosesacerdotalsoulsthatareenervatedanddeformedinaplaceandinaprofession thatdoesnotbelongtothem;ofthose poorseminarists,aboveall,abandoned tothemselves.separatedfromtheir superiorsanddirectors.deprivedutthe

heextended,onbehalfofhisChurch, aheartywelcometoGoomalling,and trustedhissojournamongstuswould beallthatcouldbedesired.Mr.A.D. Glass,inafewwords,heartilyend6rs' edMr.Kenworthy'sremarks.Father Ubach,inresponding,feelinglythankedthespeakersfortheirkindremarks, thoughhehimselffelthedeservedno praisefordoingwhatheconsidered hisdutyduringhisstayinGoomalling, whichhadbeenaveryhappyone,and hisregretatleavingsomanygood friendswasverykeenindeed.He thankedthemsincerelyforthebeautifulgiftstheyhadgivenhimthatday. Theywouldbetreasuredbyhim,and wouldalwaysservetoremindhimof thehappydaysspentamongstthe peopleofGoomalling,andifeveropportunityarosehewouldgladlytravel manymilestoseethemagain.The Rev.FatherPlanasbrieflyreturned thanksforthewelcomeextendedto himbythevariousspeakersonbehalf of.theresidentsofGoomalling,and trustedhissojournamongstthem wouldbeassuccessfulandhappyas FatherUbach'shadproved.ThesingingoftheNationalAnthembrought averypleasantafternoontoaclose, andthecommitteearetobecongratulatedonthewaythearrangementswerecarriedout.

TheMechanics'Institutewasthe sceneofaverypleasantlittlefunction onWednesdayafternoonlast,which_ tooktheformofasocial,thedual objectofwhichwastobidfarewellto theRev.FatherUbach,whoisleavingthedistricttotakeupnewduties atNewNorcia,andtoextendawelcometohissuccessor,theRev.Father Planas.ThehallhadbeenmadeCA.V withcomfortablechairsandsmall tables,artisticallydecoratedwith flowers,atwhichdaintyafternoontea wasservedbytheladies'committee inchargeofthearrangements,amongst whomwereMesdamesLane,A.Lockyer,A.A.Smith,R.M.Eaton,W.E. Eaton,M.Eaton,Wilson,Somers, Glacken,Maloney,Slater,andthe MissesRamplin,Hoyne,andMcAuliffe, withMr.G.Sommersassecretary.A musicalprogrammehadbeenarranged,andaddedgreatlytotheenjoyment ofthevisitors.Itemswerecontributed byMesdamesRoyal,Hills,andMiss Ramplin,Mr.Broun,andtheRev. FatherPlanas,whilsttwochorussongs wererenderedbythepupilsofthe ConventSchool.Mr.R.D.Lane,who occupiedthechair,offeredanapology fortheabsenceofMr.andMrs.McAuliffe,whowereawayonholidays, andregrettedtheywereunabletobe presentthat'afternoon.Hespokeat lengthonthegoodworkFather Ubachhadaccomplishedduringhis threeyears'residenceamongstthem, andoftheloveandesteeminwhichhe washeldbyhisparishioners,andthe keenregrettheyallfeltathisdeparturefromthedistrict.Hislife,the speakersaid,wasoneofreal'andearnestsacrifice,ashehadleftcountry, home,andkinsfolktodevotehislife totheworkofhisChurch.Hewas everreadytorespondto,thecallof duty,nomatterwhatinconvenience orsacrificeitentailedonhimself,and itwasthisspiritofsympathyand unselfishnessthathadhelpedsomuch toendearhimtohispeople.They felt,therefore,theycouldnotallow himtodepartwithoutsometokenof theirsincereregard,andsoitwashis pleasingdutytopresenttoFather Ubach,onbehalfofhisparishioners, abeautifullyilluminatedaddressand ahandsometravellingbagfittedup andsuitablyinscribed.TheaddressexecutedbyMr.G.Whitlock-was readtotheRev.FatherbyMissBieni Allbeury,aseniorpupiloftheConventSchool.Mr.Lanethenextended averyheartywelcometotheRev. FatherMaim,whomtheyfeltthey werefortunateinhavingtofillthe placeoftheirdepartingparishpriest, andhehopedthathisstayamongst themwouldbeaveryhappyone:The Rev.W.B.Kenworthy,onbehalfof themembersoftheAnglicanChurch, expressedregretatthelossofFather Ubachfromtheirmidst,foreven thoughhisacquaintancewithhim couldonlybecountedbymonths,it hadservedtoconvincehimofthe esteemandloveinwhichhewasheld byhispeople,andhe,too,wished FatherUbacheverysuccessinhis newsphereoflabours.Tohissuccessor

AGreatBargainFestival!

TherewillbenocessationinbargainvaluesatBoans'Emporium,whereallisenergy,thewarehousepositively pulsatingwithliftandbusinessenterprise,witheachdepartmentheadopeningupbeautifulnewwinterstockof outstandingvalue.OurcustomersknowthatbeforeanylineisstockedatWestAustralia'swidelyrecognised houseofdistinction,itiscriticallyexaminedtoseethatitamplyfulfilsthenecessaryconditionsimposedby Boans'alertexpertbuyers.YouknowBoans'haveareputationtoliveupto-LtheQualitymustbeundoubted, theValuemustbeunbeatable,thePricesmustbebedrock.Socallandseesomeofthemanythousandsofgood valuelinesonofferthisweek.Aglancedowntheirpriceswillconvinceeveryprudenteconomicalbuyerthat avisittoBoans'savesmoneybysecuringabsolutelythebestgoodsatpriceshithertounheardofinPerth.

TheRoofTeaandLuncheonRoomsareUnsurpassedintheCommonwealth,HotLuncheons.etc.Ladies'Toilet Salonisonthethirdfloor.

BOANBROS,UniversalProviders

WELLINGTONandMURRAYSTREETS,PERTH

EnglandandIreland

TheLiverpool'CatholicTimes"of the24thofMarch,undertheabove heading,hasthefollowingarticle:ThelamenteddeathofMr.John Redmond,thepoliticalpanegyricsin hispraiseinParliament.thetouching scenesatthefuneralservices,thevery generalmourninginIrelandandEngland-allhelptomakemenwonder whatistherealreasonwhichkeeps thosetwocountriesapart,whichpreventsasettlementofIrishgrievances, whichcontinuallypromisespeaceand continuallypromoteswar.Hereis England,strong,merciful,democratic, liberty-loving.foreverpreachingthe beautiesoffreedomfordowntrodden nations,actuallynowinarmstodefendonesuchnation!Andthereis Ireland,weak,pleading,oppressed! AndEnglandthroughourstatesmen deliberatelydeclinestogiveIreland thatlibertywhichwehavepromised andstillwithhold.

Whatisthemystery?Somesayitis allthefaultofahandfulofOrangemeninNorth-eastUlster,backedby thepoliticalandsocialinfluenceofa handfulofanti-Catholicbigotsand ToryreactionariesinGreatBritain. Thereismuchinthatstatementwhich istrue;OrangeUlstermenandBritish Toriesarestubbornlyopposedtoany concessionofself-governmenttoIrish Catholics.Butthere,ismuchmoreof truthinthestatementthatallclasses ofBritishpoliticians,Liberalsand Toriesalike,are,tosaytheleast,extremelydisinclinedtoconferanygrant offreedomonIreland.Isthereany realdifferenceinthisquestionofantiIrishprejudicebetweenToriesand Liberals?Whatarethosepartynames, anyhow?Justtheonesideorotherof acoinoftherealm;headsortails,the winningpeoplearethesame.Andthe peoplewhowininthiscountryare thegoverningclasses.ToriesandLiberalstalkasiftheywerebitterlyopposedenemies.Youwouldthink,to hearthemorateintheHouseofCommons,thatitwaswartothedeath betweenthem.Notatall:itispeace. perfectpeace.Theyplaythegameof politicsasoncetheyplayedthatof cricketorfootballtogether,andthen troopofftodineortosleep,securein thefeelingthattherealinterestsof theirclasswillbesafelyprotectedand believingthatifthepeopletakethese Parliamentaryhistrionicsseriouslythis onlyaddsaspicetotheamusementof theperformance. Englandknowspoliticstobeaclass game.playedfortheclassesandby theclasses,andplayedverycleverly, letmeadd.Aretherepensionstobe givenordecorationstobeconferred ortitlestobebestowed-theHouse isunanimous.Buttrytotakeanacre ofland,toenfranchiseleaseholders,to havepheasantsshotbyfarmersfor food,totaxgroundrentsandland values,tosweepawaythesnobbishnessofnobilityandletallcitizens starttheworldequal-andatoncethe HouseofCommonsfusestogetherlike piecesofironinthefurnaceofaffliction.Whenitisamatterofhelping theclassestoobtainorretainunanimity!Whenitisamatterof helpingthemassestogetfreshchances

ofdecentlifeandhomesandwages unanimity!Butinthissecondcasethe unanimityisone"against!"Andonly whenthepoliticalgamestersfeelthat thepeopleareinearnest,thatthey arereallyprovoked,thattofobthem offwithexcusesandfurtherinaction wouldbeperilous,onlythendohonourableLiberalandTorygentlemen yieldandgrantaslittleastheypossiblycan.Andthatisthemysteryof BritishdealingswithIreland.

Irelandwillgetwhatshecompels ourpoliticianstogiveherandnotone farthingmore.Itisnotamatterof puttingtrustinToriesorLiberals. Theyareequallyuntrustworthy;they arethesameclass;andtheirdutyin Parliamentistodefendtheinterests ofthatclass.Therecordsareforall mentoread.WhatdidMr.Gladstone orMr.AsquithdoforIreland?Both championedhercause!Yes,butIrelandstilldemandsHomeRule!And shewillhavetogoondemandingit, unlessherleadersintheHouseof CommonsforcebothLiberalsand Toriestograntit,forcethemby actionshowingthatthedayforhumbuggingIrelandwithpromisesthat nevergetasfarasperformanceis gone.ThereisinEnglishsociety,in ourgoverningclasses,aninbred,ineradicableinstinctagainsttwothings, libertyandCatholicism.Andifthey arefounddefendingeitherofthose things,there'smischiefinthewind: somebodyisgoingtobedeceived.

Onepoliticalparty,Ibelieve,is honest.Labour.Thatpartystandfor justiceandlibertyeverywhere:in Belgium.Serbia,Egypt,India,Ireland-ineverycountrythatasksforit. Labour,asapoliticalparty,couldnot opposethedemandofIrelandforselfgovernmertwithoutmakingitselflook ridiculousintheeyesofthenational andinternationaldemocracy.Labour is"out"todeprivethegoverning classesoftheworld,whohavebrought theworldtothepresenthorrorsof warandslaughterandfamine,ofthe powertheyhavesoselfishlyabused andsoignorantlyused.To-day,inthe mindsofdemocrats,ToriesandLiberalsarelittlebetterthanthecavaliers androundheadsofhistory-aname. Theywilldonothingforthepeople. Thepeoplemustdoforthemselves. DemocracyhashadenoughofToryismandLiberalism,openlyhostile, secretlyfriendly,actingeverinthe interestofthathandfuloflords,landlordsandmoney-lordswhoforsolong nowhavehadagoodtimeattheexpenseofothers.Labouralonewillgive justicetoEnglandandIreland.

Bitso'Humour

Theladybankclerkhadcompleted herfirstweek,andafriendaskedher howshelikedthework.

"Oh,it'sbeautiful!"saidthegirl. "I'matabranchwherenearlyallthe peopleweknowhaveaccounts,and it'ssonicetoseehowlittlemoney someofyourfriendshaveinthe bank!"

Theenterprisingcompanyinthe Sudanhaddecidedto!ayarailway intothewilds.and,ofcourse,many-

onHawkAvenue,Eagleville,Canary Island,andthefellowwhowrotethis isaLyreandamemberofthefamily.

--"The Enterprise."

"SocietyofSt.VincentdePaul,Western Australia"(incorporated)

ParticularCouncilMeetsSecond Mondaymonth,EagleChambers,Hay street,Perth

CONFERENCES

ImmaculateConceptionmeets

ParochialHall,Archbishop's Palace,Tuesdayevenings,8.p.m. SacredHeart,Highgate,Parochial Hall,Sunday,11am.

St.Brigid's,WestPerth,Convent Schoolroom,Tuesday,8p.m.

St.Joseph's,Subiaco,Vestry,after lastMass. StarofSea,Cottesloe,Vestry,after lastMass.

St.Joachim's,VictoriaPark,Vestry,afterlastMass

St.Patrick's,Fremantle,Presbytery,Monday,8p.m.

St.Anne's,NorthFremantle,Presbytery,Sunday,afterlastMass.

St.Mary'sKalgoorlie,Schoolroom,10.15,afterMass.

St.Patrick's,York,School,after eveningdevotions.

St.Patrick's,Maylands,Tuesday, 8 p.m. St.Joseph's,Albany,Sunday,after Mass. St.Patrick's,Meckering,Sunday, afterMass. Societyappealsforclothingforthe needy,suchasclothes,

blackswereemployedinitsconstruction. Onedaythetelegraphclerkatthe nearestcivilisedspotreceivedatelegramfromthenegroforemanofthe railwayconstructors: "Whitebossdead.ShallIbury him?" 'Yes,"wiredbacktheclerk."But firstmakesurethatheisquitedead. Willsendanotherwhitebossto-morrow."

Afewhourslateranothertelegram camefromforeman: "Buriedboss.Madesurehewasquite dead,Hithimontheheadwithalarge shovel."

Hersonhadenlisted,andshewasa proudoldwomanassheharangueda knotoffriendsonthevillagestreet. "Jargealwaysdone'isdutybyme,'e did,an'now'e'sdoin"isdutybyKing an'country,"shesaid."Ifeelright downsorryforthemGermanstothink of'imgoin'intobattlewith'isriflein 'is'andand'It'saLongWaytoTipperary'on'islips." "PoorGermans,indeed!"exclaimed oneoftheaudience."Pity'swastedon 'em!P'rapsyouhaven's'cardoftheir cruelties?" "P'rapsI'aven't,"agreedtheold lady."An'p'rapsyou'aven't'card Jargesing."

HisReverencewasfamedforthe lengthofhissermons,andasarule didnotaffectthehigherwaysoforatory.Oncehelethimselfgowhen preachingontheimmortalityofthe soul: -Ilookedonthemountainsand couldnothelpthinking,'Beautifulas youare,youwillbedestroyed,but mysoulwillnot.'Igazedonthe oceanandcried,'Mightyasyouare, youwilleventuallydryup,butIwill never'" Andhewonderedwhyhisaudience smiled.

Joneshadconceivedagrudge againstO'Connor,andsoughtfora waytopayhimout.

"Isay,O'Connor,"hesaid,"yourememberyoutoldmeyouhadhunted tigersinWestAfrica?Well,Captain Smithtellsmetherearenotigers there."

"Quiteright,quiteright,"said O'Connorblandly,"Ikilledthemall."

Duringthelessononeafternoona violentthunderstormarose,andto lessonthefrightofthechildren,the teacherbegantellingofthewonders oftheelements. "Andnow,Jimmy."sheasked,"why isitthatlightningneverstrikestwice inthesameplace?" ',Because,"saidJimmy,confidently, "afterithitsonce,thesameplace ain'tthereanymore."

ThewifeofaMethodistministerin WestVirginiahasbeenmarriedthree times.HermaidennamewasPartridge, herfirsthusbandwasnamedRobins, hersecondhusbandSparrow,andthe presentQuail.Therearetwoyoung Robins,oneSparrow,andthreeQuail inthefamily.Onegrandfatherwasa SwanandanotheraJay,buthe'sdead nowandabirdofParadise.Theylive

OURSTORY.

Knocknagow

OR,THEHOMESOFTIPPERARY.

ByCharlesJ.Kick,ham. CHAPTERLXVII.

"Whatfancyhaveyoutakentosittingthere?"Mr.Lloydasked."We sawyoufromthetopofthehill,and didn'tknowwhattomakeofyoutill wecametothegatehere."

JemmyHogan'seyesmoistened;but hischeekflushed,andheseemed ashamedofbeingdetectedin-giving waytosuchweakness.

"'Twasafoolishnotion,"hereplied atlast,smilingsomewhatgrimly.

''lwasgoingtoaskyouwhyyou rolledthatheavystoneintothefield," saidDr.O'Connor,fortheyhadall comeupbythistime,andwereshakinghandswiththetwohorsemen.

JemmyHoganwalked,orrather stumped,tothegate-forhehada woodenleg-beforehereplied.He graspedthetopofthegate,andrested hisforeheaduponhishands,justas hisfatherhaddonethenighthetold PhilLahythat"hisheartwasstuck" inthatlittlefarm.

"Heisfainting,"Maryobservedin ananxiouswhispertoherhusband, whoapproachedthegate,andasked theyoungmanifhewereill.

"No.sir,"heanswered,recovering himself;"I'mnottosayverystrong, butI'mnotill."

Hislipswerequitepale,andhis yellowcheekslookedhollowandworn. Whatacontrasttothehandsome youthwholeapedtoMatDonovan's sideatthewords,"Comehere,Jemmy Hogan,"thatSundaylongagoin MauriceKearney'skiln-field,when TomCuddehy'sdesertionofhisparty changedthehurlingofthe"twosides" intowhatPhilLahycalleda"promiscuousmatch!"

"Youexertedyourselftoomuchrollingthatheavystone,"saidthedoctor. 'No,sir,no;'twasn'tthat,"returnedJemmyHogan.-Iwastryin'could Imakeouttheexactspotwherethe ouldhousestood.An'thenItooka fancytositdownwhereIusedtosit whenIwasalittleboy,inthecorner besidemymother.SoIrowledover thatstonean'sotonid,tillIthought Ifeltthehateuvthefirean'my mother'shandonmyhead.Ib'lieve 'twasthebreathuvthesheepthat mademethinkIfeltthehate;forI wassomewayhalfasleep.An'when thethruthcamebacksuddenonme, an'Iseethegrassan'thesheep,insteaduvtheblazin'fire,idgavemea change,Ib'lieve,"saidJemmyHogan, ashetookoffhiscapandwipedthe dropsofperspirationfromhisforehead.

"0Arthur!"Maryexclaimed,as, overcomebyheremotion,sherested herforeheadagainsthisshoulder,"it isawful!"

GracegraspedHugh'sarmwithboth herhands,andfixedhereyespityingly onJemmyHogan'sface,butdidnot speak.

CaptainFrench'shorse,atthemoment,begantoplungeviolently,and theladieswereaboutrunningdown theroadintheirterror,whenthey sawawild-lookingcowrunningtowardsthem.

"Stopher!"wasshoutedinaloud voice,butinamannerwhichwould leadtothebeliefthatthespeaker consideredthepartyatTomHogan's gatewerethereforthespecialpurpose ofstoppingrunawaycows.Hughdisengagedhimselffromthelittlehands thatclutchedhisarmsofirmly,and, goingafewyardstomeetthecow, broughthertoastandwithlittledifficulty."l'maftherbuyin'herfromMat Donovan,"said%VatMurphy,thebutcher,inaquietway,"an'sheturned atthecrossandmedoffforhome.I wasthryin'tobuyanotherfromhim, buthe'saxin'toomuch."

"She'sanicecow,"Hughremarked, 'andingoodcondition:' Mathimselfappearedatthisjunc- ture,andatthesametimehiswife wasseenrunningdownthehilltomeet him.But,onseeingthegentlemenon horseback,shestoppedshortand turnedbackagain.ShehadbeenwonderingwhatwaskeepingMatoutso longbeyondhisusualdinner-hour,but WetMurphyandthecowwasasufficientexplanation,andshehastened home,blushingatbeingobservedby thegentlemen.

"Why,"saidthecaptain,"thatisthe girlpoorSergeantBaxterlosthis sensesabout."

"SheisMatDonovan'swifenow," returnedMr.Lloyd. "Well,Mat,"saidthecaptain,"Ican neverhaveacastofasledgewithyou again."

"I'msorryforid,sir,"Matreplied; andhisheartsmotehimforhaving beatenthecaptainthatdayinthe kiln-field."I'msorryforid,sir,"he repeated,lookingathimalmostwith

thetearsinhiseyes.ForCaptain Frenchhadonlyonearmnow.

"Doyouhaveahurlingstill?"he asked."Wegotsomesmartfellows fromabouthere."

"Thehurlersaregone,"repliedMat, lookingarounduponthegreatpasture fieldswithscarcelyahousewithin view.

"ByGeorge,"saidthecaptain,"if thissortofthinggoeson,therewill beanendof'magnificentTipperary' intheEnglisharmy."

"Iwasjustgoingtoremark,"EdmundKielyobserved,"thatyouand JemmyHoganwouldmakeavery suggestivepictureinillustrationof thatsame'magnificentTipperary.'"

"Howisthat?"CaptainFrenchasked.

"Why:"Edmundreplied,"hehas comehomewithoneleg,aftersheddinghisbloodintheserviceofEngland,tofindthesheepgrazingonhis father'sheath.Andyoucomehome withonearm,tofindastrangerin yourfather'shalls."

"An'hispropertysowldforonesixthuvthevalue,"added\VatMurphy,whowasaprivilegedperson. "Thedivil'scuretothelandlords.An IrishParliamentwouldn'tthrate'em thatway.An'stillthey'reagintheir counthry."

"ByG-."thecaptainmuttered, absently,asifheweretalkingtohimself,"that'sjustwhattheytellmemy poorfathersaidwhenhewasdying ofabrokenheart."

"Comeanddinewithus,"saidBob LloydtoEdmund-fortherestofthe partyhadmovedontowardshome. "Wehavealegofmutton,andeverythingelegant."

"IinafterpromisingMrs.Kearney totakeanearlydinnerwithher,"returnedEdmund."And,bytheway,I mustsendamessengertotellmywife, orshewillthink1havebeenswallowedupinabog-hole."

"Notshotfrombehindahedge?" the captain observed.

"No,"Edmundanswered,ashe walkedontoovertakehisfriends. "SheistoolonginTipperaryfornonsenseofthatsort."

Theystoppedtowaitforhimat MatDonovan'sclippedhedge.

"Whatisthematterwithyou?"

ArthurO'Connorasked,seeingthe tearsinhiswife'smildeyes.

"Itissuchasadpicture,"shereplied,lookingalongthelonelyroad. "Sodifferentfromwhatitusedtobe."

"Therearegleamsofsunshineinit," heanswered.

"Wherearethey?"

HepointedtoBillyHeffernanand hiswileandchildren,inthecornfield, which,afewyearsago,wasaprofitlessmoor.

"Itisanomen,"saidHughKearney. "TheIrishpeoplewillneverberooted outofIreland.Cromwellcouldnotdo it;thebutchersofElizabethcouldnot doit."

"Hutthereisamoredeadlysystem atworknow,'returnedtnedoctor. "Thecountryissilentlybleedingto death." "Nottodeath,"rejoinedHugh Kearney."Thoseofherpeoplewhoare forcedtoflyarenotlosttoIreland. Andthosewhoclingtoherareadvancinginknowledgeandintelligence. Thepeoplearebecominganeducated andathinkingpeople.WhenBilly Heffernan'ssonsgrowtomanhood, theywillinmanyrespectsbedifferent menfromtheirlather."

"Andwouldyousayhewillbea superiormantohisfather?"Grace asked,pointingovertheclippedhedge. MatDonovanstoodunderthe cherry-tree,holdingtheyoung"stonethrower"highupamongthebranches, whilehismotherglancedupathim-withtheidenticalsmileofthelittle BessyMorrisofold,whensheusedto glanceatthecherriesonherwayfrom school;andhisgrandmotherclapped herhandstoattracttheattentionof thedelightedyoungster,whocrowed andkickedandplungedsovigorously thatMatdeclared'twaslikeholdinga littlebull.

"1es,"saidHugh,inreplytoGrace's question,"he,too,willbeaheadofhis father-atleastofwhathisfatherwas inhisearlyyouth.ForMatisnowa reallyintelligentman,andisaddingto hisstockofknowledgeeveryday."

-Thatisanothergleamofsunshine," saidMary,herfacelightedupnow, andhereyesalmostdancingwith pleasure,asshecontemplatedthe groupunderthecherrytree. Andwhensheturnedtothedear oldcottage,andsawthebluesmoke glidingupaboveitsshelteringtrees, andherfather,haleandruddy,coming tomeetthem,andhermotheratthe door,"wondering"whatwaskeeping themsolong,andherownfairchildrengambolinguponthesoftgrass,and

hergenerousbrotherwithhisbright littlewifeclingingsolovinglytohim "-thatwasagleam-nay,averyflood -ofsunshine,too.AndinMary's homeandinherhearttherewassunshine,bright,warm,andunclouded. "Whack!"MauriceKearneycalled out,"didn'tItellyounevertomilk thatcowwithoutputtingthespancel onher?"

"0father,whydon'tyoucallherby herrightname?"saidMary,appearing alittleshocked. "YoumaycallherMrs.Barney Brodherickifyoulike,"returned MauriceKearney,"butI'llcallher Whack."

GraceandMarysatinthedrawingroom,feelingsomewhatlonely,they couldnottellwhy,whentheywere startledbyaringingknockatthe hall-door,whichwasquicklyfollowed byaringinglaugh,andMrs.Edmund Kielyhadadministeredakissanda hugtoeach,beforetheycouldrecover fromtheirsurprise.Ofcourseitwas justlikehertosetoffforBallinaclash, whenBarneyannouncedtoherthat Edmundwasstayingtherefordinner. Sheflunghercloakononechair,and herhatonanother;andnotasoul undertheoldcottageroof-fromBarneysuckinghis"dudheen"inthe kitchenchimney-corner,toyoung Maurice,blowingbubblesandthumpinguncleDan'snoseinhisc'radlein thenursery-thatdidnotfeeltheinfluenceofherpresence.OldMaurice rubbedhishandsandshruggedhis shouldersinaperfectecstasyofdelight,andlostnotimeinaskingher toplayhisfavouritetunesandsinghis favouritesongs-whichshedidtillthe tearsrandownhischeeks. Andtheoldcottagewas"filledwith music;"andtheirheartsoverflowed withdeepandtranquilhappiness. Marysawthelightshineoutfrom MatDonovan'slittlewindow,and thoughtofthedreamofthePastfrom whichithadawakenedherlongago,as shesatthereinthecoldmoonlight. Andwhatabrightfuturewasinstore forherafterall! TherewasanotherdreamerawakenedbythelightfromMatDonovan's windowthatsamemoonlightnight. Andnow,almostfromtheveryspot wherehelayintheblack,lonesome moor,thelightfromMatDonovan's windowisseenbyahappyhousehold, baskingintheruddyglowofabogwoodfire.Thechangeislikewhatwe read-ofinfairytales.IfpoorMick Briencouldrevisittheglimpsesofthe moon,hecouldscarcelybelievethat itwasthedrearyspotwherehelay forhoursmeditatingadeedofblood.

"Come,"saysNelly,"Ipromised Bessywe'dgoupto-night.An'brin' theflute."

BillyHeffernantookdownhishat fromtheelk'shornsandmeekly obeyed.

"I'llgo,"exclaimedyoungMatty Heffernan,independently.

"No,youwon't,"returnedhismother."StaywudNorah,an'helptomind yourlittlebrothers.Givehimthefife," sheadded,onseeingMattyshowing symptomsofrebellion.

-1'11goseegrandmother,"hepersisted."She'lgivemehoney."

"Youcanstayalldayo'Sundayat yourgrandmother's,"saidNeils%"But youmuststopan'mindthehousetonight.An'thereisthefife,an'youcan playtillyou'retired."

"Well,Billy,"saidMatDonovan, "didyouhearanysthrangenewsyestherday?" "Notaword,"hereplied."ButI neverseeatownthat'sgonelike

Clo'mel.IrememberwhenIcould hardlygetthroughthestreetswud loadsuvcorn;an'nowthere'snothin' doin'there.Themillsnearlyallidle, en'thestoresan'halftheshopsshut up.'TwaswellPhilMorrisusedtosay 'twasthecornmadeatownuv Clo'mel."

''Nelly,youmustbringinthekettle andfilloutthetea,"saidBessy."This fellowwon'tgotosleepforme."

Nellypreparedthetea,ofwhichall presentpartook,exceptBillyHeffernan,beforewhomhismother-in-law placedahugemugofmilk.

'Haveyoutheflute?"Matasked,as theAmericanclockonthechimneypiecestruckeight. "Letuscomeout'tothekitchen," returnedBillyHeffernan.

"Arthur,stopforamoment,"said Mary,anhourlater,astheyreached thetopofthehillontheirwayhome. "CanitbethatAnnie'svoicecould reachthis?Thedrawing-roomwindowsareopen,andIreallythinkI canhearhersinging."

Dr.O'Connorreinedinhishorse,and listenedwithsomecuriosity.

"Oh,itisfromMatDonovan's," Maryobserved."AndIammuchmistakenifitisnotBillyHeffernan'sold flute."

"Why,"saidArthur,whentheyhad drivenonalittlefurther,"thereisnothingbutmusictonight.Doyouhear thefifefromBillyHeffernan'sown house,too?"

"Itisverypleasant,"returnedMary. "ThankGod,therearehappyhomes inTipperarystill!But"-sheadded, sadly,assheturnedround,andlooked alongthetwolowwhitishwallsthat reachedfrom"thecross"toMat Donovan's-"butKnocknagowis gone!" TheEnd.

RINGUP TEL.CENTRAL265(Dayor