TheHistoricPeaceTreatiesofEurope
INTERNATIONALSETTLEMENTSTHATHAVEENDEDTHEGREATEUROPEANWARSOFTHEPASTANDTHEIRBEARINGONTHE PRESENTSITUATION.
ByFredericAustinOgg,ProfessorelPoliticalScience
Theproportionsofthewarnow ragingstaggertheimagination At leastfifteenmillionmenunderarms: mostoftheworldinvolved.includingeverynationsavesixminorones: thirtythousandsquaremilesofterritorydevastated:twentymillionmen. womenandchildrenhomelessanddependentonyourcharityandmine; fiveandahalfmillionmencagedin prisoncamps;millionsofdollarspour- edoutlikewaterdailybyeachofe half-dozengreatbelligerents-nopast agehaswitnessedanythingapproach- ingit.
Nopastage.furthermore,haslaced ataskofpacificationcomparablewith thatwhichliesahead.Howshallorder bebroughtoutofthepresentchaos?
Whowilltaketheinitiative?What willbethemethod,andwhat.the terms?Canpeacebemadetoendure?
Timealonecantell.Meanwhile,what ofEurope'sexperienceinotherdays? Forhistorictreatiesofpeacearescatteredthicklyalongthewar-reddened courseofcivilisation.
Sevenofthesepacificationswithintheboundsofmoderntimesstandout arewithspecialprominence.Inorder,they thepeaceofWestphalia(1648),at thecloseoftheThirtyYears'War; thepeaceofUtrecht(1713),atthe closeoftheWaroftheSpanishSuc- cession;thepeaceofParisof1763,con- cludingtheSevenYears'War;the peaceofParisof1753;concludingthe Warof.mericanIndependence;the analactoftheCongressofVienna,re- constructingtheEuropeanworldafter thefallofNapoleon:theenactmente oftheCongressofParis,in1836,at thecloseoftheCrimeanWar;andthe enactments,similarly,oftheCongress ofBerlinin1878,aftertheRusso- TurkishconflictintheBalkans.The mapofEuropeasitstoodinthefate- fuldaysofAugust,1914,borethedirect impressofeveryoneofthesegreatre- adjustments.
TheEndoftheThirtyYears'War. TheThirtyYears'War(1618-1648), towhichdistinctionwasgivenbythe exploitsofGustavusAdolphusandto theerraticbutbrilliantWallenstein, belongedtobothanoldandanewage. Itwasa"religiouswar--thelastof thegreatarmedclashesbetweenCath- olicsandProtestants.Butitthrust intoprominencetheprincipleofna- tionalism,uponwhichallEuropeanpoliticaldevelopmenthassincebeen moreorlessdirectlybased;anditwas thefirstgreatconflictwhichdrewina majorityofthenationsofthewestern world. fightingwasinGermany,but Sweden, playedDenmark,France.andSpain partsquiteasimportantasdidthevariousGermanStates:andeven JamesI.ofEnglandwasatonetime persuadedtotakeahandinbehalfof hisCalvinistson-in-law.theElectorof thePalatinate.Afterthefirstimpact, religiousmotivesweresubordinated largelytopurposesoftreritorialag- grandisement,nailtheruthlessstruggle draggedonforageneration.
Somanynationswereinva;ved,end theirobjectsweresodiverse,that afterdesireforpeacehadbecomeuni- versalafulldecadewasrequiredto bringabout negotiationsasettlement.Preliminary werebegunin1637.Five yearslateritwasdecidedthatthe CatholicpowersshouldtreatatMun- sterandtheProtestantpowersat Osnabruck,twoWestphaliantowns thirtymilesapart.Theconferences actuallybeganin1645,andthreemore yearswererequiredtobringmatters toconclusionintheso-calledtreatyof Westphalia.
ThemeetingsatMunsterandOsna- bruck-reallyoneassemblagesittingin twosections-constitutedthefirst "congressofthepowers"inEuropean history.Theybroughttogetherprinces anddiplomatsfromdozensofStatesGermans,Frenchmen,Spaniards,Italians,Dutchmen,Danes,andSwedes- nottomentionthetroopsofsoldiery, thesecretaries,andthehangers-onwho cameinthetrainsofthevariousdele- gations.England,Russia,andTurkeyweretheonlyimportantpowersnotre- presented. Thesleepylittletownswere.etirrid tounwontedactivity.Publicbuildinks wererenovatedandembellished; guardswerereinforced;delicacieswerebroughtgreatdistancestosuittheap- petilesofaristocratsfromeveryclime. The roadtownsthemselves,togetherwitha connectingthem,wereneutralised, inordertoaffordsecuritytotheper- sonsoftheplenipotentiariesandtheir suiic
Preliminarydiscussionsoccupiedthe
delegatesfornolessthantenmonths. Preciselywhatpowersshouldbeper- mittedtoparticipate?Whatmatters should,andwhatonesshouldnot,he takenup?Aboveall,whatshouldbe therulesofprecedence?
Itwasanageofruthlessnessand barbarism,butalsoanageofthe nicestetiquette;andthroughouttheproceedingsquestionselrank.order, andformquiteoversieulnwedthefundamentalissuesofterritorialposses- sion,allegianceAndreligiousstatus whichthecongresseshadcometogethertosettle.Longandgravedisputescentredabouttheformalitiesof callsbyonedelegationuponanother, andabouttitlesendothermarksof distinction;whiletheproblemofdevising mentasatisfactoryseatingarrangeforthemembersthreatenedto involvetheentireproceedingsin failure.
ThePapalNuncio.AabioChigi-who latera-orethetiarahimselfasAlexanderVII.-demandedthehighestplace ofall.TheenvoyoftheEmperorFerdinandwouldnotsitonalevelwith theambassadorofFrance.Whenthe latterwascalleduponbyLuigiContarini,theVenetiancommissioner,he wasrequiredtoescorthisdeparting guesttohiscarriage,notmerelyhalf thedistance,ashadbeenhisinclination.
Andwhenthismomentousdecisionin behalfofVenetiandignityhadbeen made,theDutchrepresentativeputin, successfully.zeclaimforsimilarconsideration.Afterwearisomemonthsof bickeringtheFrenchandSpanishdelegationswereunabletocometoany conclusionotherthanthatthey,with theirentiresuites.shouldavoid,each otheronever,-publicoccasion FramingtheTreatyofWestphalia. Thehagglingandbargainingthat *ensuedwhentheseriousworkofthe 'congresswasreachedcanbelefttothe imagination.Thewarwasstillinprogress.andnooneofthebelligerentshadtheslightestconfidenceinthe goodfaithofeitheritsenemiesorits allies.Smallwonderthatthreeyears wereconsumedinworkingoutaseries ofagreementswhichnowadayswould hardlydemandasmanymonths.Of erganisationtherewas,strictlyspeak- ing.none.Therewereneitherpresiding norrecordingofficers.norgeneral"sessions,norconrnittees,norreports,nor votinginan,yformalmanner. eh.truth.'saysechronicler,"there :1- !:einginthemodeofdiscussing e,tionsbeforeittodistinguish taetengress'sbusinessinanordinary ,liplumaticnegotiations.exceptthe proximityofthenegotiatorsandtheir occupationofaneutralisedarea."
Thecompletedtreaties,however, wereoftheutmestimportance,andconsiderableportionsofthemlayat alefoundationoftheEuropeanpolitic-alandreligiouseystemtotheeraof Napoleon.Tolerationwasgreetedto theCalvinists;FranceandSwedenreceivedimportantpiecesofGerman territory;SwitzerlandandtheNether- landswerewelcomedintothefamily ofindependentnations.
AllthefightingoftheThirtyYears' WarhadbeenduneinGermany,and accountsoftheresultingmiseryand depopulationwerealmostincredible. Thousandsofvillageswerewipedout completely,andovergreatareasbut half,orevenone-third,oftheformer populationremained.Thepeoplewere fearfullybarbarisedbyprivationandsuffering,andformorethanahundredyearsthecountryremainedtooimpoverishedtoplayanynotablepartin theworld'saffairs.Thewarofto-day hasbutbeguntoreducetheGermanspeakingworldtostraitssuchaswere producedbythegeneration-longcon- flagrationoftheseventeenthcentury. Nopacification,therefore,wasever hailedwithgreaterexuberancethan thatof1648.Princeswrotecongratu- latorymessages.Towncouncilsvoted thankstotherulers.Poetsbrokeinto song.GreatpublicfeastswereheldamongthemoneatNuremberg.where, althoughfivehourselapsedafterthe guestsweresummonedtothedining- hallbeforetheycouldbeseatedto everyone'ssatisfaction,thepassingof thereignofterrorwascelebratedwith dueacclaim.
ThenextthreegreatEuropeanpaci-ficationsmaybementionedtogether, becauseallwereincidentaltothe titeniceighteenth-centurystruggleof EnglandandFranceforcolonialdominion.
TreatiesoftheEighteenthCentury.
ThefirstwasthepeaceofUtrecht- Rastattof1713-1714,closingtheWar
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oftheSpanishSuccession.Thisconflict tionarosedirectlyfromthedeterminaoftheGrandMonarque,Louis XIV.ofPrancetoplacehisnephew onthethroneofSpain,therebyeffectivelyobliteratingthePyreneesasa nationalboundary.Hisschemewasre aistedbyEngland,Holland,andthe GermanEmperor,andthewarthat ensuednotonlycoveredalargerpart ofEuropethattheThirtyYears'War. butspreadtipAmericancoloniesas well.
Thecontestbeganin1701.Itwent decisivelyegainsttheFrench,andby 1711allpartieswerereadyforpeace. Aftertheusualtediouspreliminaries,a greatinternationalcongresswasconvenedinJanuary,1712,atUtrecht,on thesoilofoneoftheprincipalbelliger- ents.Plenipotentiarieswerepresent from Portugal,England,France,Holland,Spain, theGermanEmpire,manyof theindividualGermanStates.and someotherpowers. Tendayswerespentindiscussionof thekindofcarriages,thenumberof horses,andthe'taftofservantstobe allowedeachmemberofthecongress. Andwheneffortstosettletheorderof seatingprovedfruitless,theinterestingdecisionwasreachedthatallthepleni- potentiariesshouldentertheconferencechamberatthesametimeand seatthemsexeswithoutdistinction. Thefa-sob:04inproceededhaltingly. andwhenfinally,aiApril,1711,seven treatiesweresigned.itwasinconsequenceofeventsthathadtakenplace outside-notablytheformalrenunciationofclaimtotheFrenchthronebytheyoungBourbonrulingatMadridratherthanbecauseofastutenessor industryonthepartofthenegotiators.TheGermanEmpirewasnotsignatory butinthesupplementarytreatyof Rastatt,inthefollowingyear,itgaveadhesiontothegeneralsettlement. ThemapofEuropewaschanged !noneextensivelythanbyanyearlier treaty,andtheBourbondynasticambitionwaseffectuallycrushed.Austria sotapositionintheLowCountries whichshekeptuntiltheFrenchRevolution,andagripuponItalian affairswhichsheheld,inadegree,until thelossofVenicein1866.Britishsovereigntywas Gibraltar.plantedpermanentlyat InAmericathelossofArcadia,Newfoundland,andtheHudson Bayregionmarkedthebeginningof theendofFrenchdominioninthe NewWorld.
Atthemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury"atorchlightedintheforestsof America."inVoltaire'swords,"setall Europeinconflagration."Fighting beganin1754betweentheEnglishand Frenchcolonistsforthepossessionof theOhioValley.Theissuebroadened, however;andasparticipantsinthe SevenYears'Warappearednetonly thetwogreAtrivalsforworlddominion,but Poland,Austria,Prussia,Saxony, Russia,Sweden,andSpain. Negotiationsforpeacewereunderway insomequarterthroughoutalmostthe wholeofthecontest,andtheissuesof thewarweresettledbyaseriesof separatetreaties,beginningwiththe peaceofHamburgbetwenPrussiaand Swedenin1762.ratherthanbyanallroundagreementworkedoutatagen- eralcongress.
Finalpacificationwasaccomplished bytwogreattreatiesof1763.Onewas thepeaceofParissignedatParison February10,betweenEngland,France, andSpain.ItbroughtEnglandvast accessionsofcolonialpower,ruined Franceasamaritimecompetitor,and reducedSpaintointernationalinsignificance;althoughtheEnglishMinistry whichprocureditwashotlycriticised fornotobtainingbettersterms,and HoraceWalpoleremarked,ofthe sixty-fivemembersofParliamentwho votedagainstit,thattheywerenot bribed! Thesecondtreatywassignedatthe tumble-downcastleofHubertsburg,in Saxony,onFebruary15,betweenPrussia,Austria,andSaxony. "Atreatyoughtnottobesignedin theevening,"remarkedthePrussian Monarch,FredericktheGreat."but whenfasting,aswhenvowsaretaken."
Accordingly,thefinalceremonytook Placeatdaybreak.Territorialchanges andotherreadjustmentsinEurope properwerewhollydisproportionateto thecostlinessoftheconflict.
WhenAmericaWonIndependeve. edTheAmericanRevolutionagent-lightatorchwhichkindledflamesin Europe.In1778,forreasonsofherown. Francethrewinhersupportonthe sideofthecolonies.In1779Spain,act- ingalsofromconsiderationsaffecting herowninterests,declaredwaron
GreatBritain;andin1780Hollandwas forcedin.
ItwastheintentionoftheAmerican ContinentalCongressthatnegotiations forpeaceshouldbecarriedononly withthefull"knowledgeandconcurrence"ofFrance,endthecommissionersappointedin1781receivedpositive instructionstothateffect.Suspicionof themotivesofbothFrance,andSpain, however.ledthenegotiators-Franklin,Jay,nadAdams--tobreaktheirinstructionsandtotreatwithGreat Britaindirectlyandindependently.TheAnglo-Americantreaty,recognis- ingthenew-wonindependenceofthe UnitedStates,wassignedonNovember30,1782.Afterseparatenegotia-tionsamongGreatBritain,France,and Spainwerebroughttoaconclusion,all oftheagreementsweresignedindefinitefarmonSeptember3.1783.The diplomacyinvolvedinthesettlement, thoughimportantenough,waslacking inpicturesqueness.
AftertheDownfallofNapoleon.
Thesituationlikelytopresentitself atthecloseofthepresentwarfindsits closestanalogyinthestateofaffairs existinginEuropein1814-1815,followingthecollapseofthepowerofNapo- leon.Peacewillcertainlybereached morespeedilythanintheformerinstance,andthevictors'triumphmay le:lessdecisive---terNapoleonwasabselutelycrushed.lienfewnationswill havecontrivedtokeepoutoftheconflict,andthechangesthatmaybe wroughtarcahnostlimitless.
In1814,aftertwenty-twoyearsof almostincessantwar,themapof Europewasinchaos.Geographical linescenturiesoldhadbeenswept away.AncientStates-Venice,Genoa, Holland,andmanymore-hadcompletelydisappeared.NewStatesof dubiousstabilityhadarisen.Every Europeancountry,saveGreatBritain andRussia,hadreceivednewboundaries,newrulers.ornewpoliticalarrangements.
Attheend,almostthewholeof EuropewasinallianceagainsttheCorsicanconqueror,andhisoverthrowbecamethesignalforageneraldemand fortherecoveryoflostdominions,the restorationofdeposedprinces,andthe re-establishmentofsubvertedinstitutions. theUtteranarchythreatened,until fourgreatpowerschieflyrespon- sibleforthealliedvictory-GreatBritain,Austria,Russia,andPrussiatookmattersinnand,and,afterrestoringtotheFrenchthronetheBourbon dynastyinthepersonofLouisXVIII., concludedwiththenewgovernment (May,1814)atreatyoutliningthe termsofageneralreadjustment.
Theperplexinganddelicatetaskof workingoutadetailedsettlementwas entrusted,ofsheernecessityandby generalconsent,toagreatinternational congress:andinrecognitionofAustria'sleadershipintherecentalliance, Viennawasselectedastheplaceofthe meeting.
TheGreatCongressofVienna. Theensuingcongresswasoneofthe mostimportantgatheringsofdiplo- matsinthehistoryoftheworld.Under theguidanceoftheleadingpowersof Europe,itspurposewasbothtodecide indetailtheconditionsofthepacifica- tionandtoprovideforcommonaction tosecurepermanencyfortheadjustmentsmade.Andinstrikingdegree theEuropeanStatesystemsstillopera- tiveinAugust,1914,werebasedupon decisionswhichitreached.
Theopeningofthecongresswasset forthe1stofAugust,1811.Causesfor delayarose,however,andonlyinthe middleofSeptemberdidtherepresen- tativesofthevariouspowersbeginto findtheirwaytotheAustriancapital.
TheBritishForeignMinister,Castlereagh,andtheastutePrussianstatesman-reformer,Hardenberg,wereamongthefirstarrivals.TheFrenchplenipo- tentiariesfollowedshortly;andpre- sentlytheSovereignsofRussiaand Prussia-"amidstatumult,"oneobserverinformsus-madetheirappearancetogether.
Therewaseveryreasontosupposethattheconclusionsreachedwouldbe dictatedbyfiveorsixoftheprincipal powers.Nonetheless,itwasobviously totheinterestofthesmallerStatesto haveonthesceneemissarieswho shouldwatchandreporttheproceed- ings,andperchanceseizeopportunities toinfluencedecisions.Andpractically alltheEuropeanStatesexceptTurkey wereInrepresented. pointofrankanddisplay,the assemblagewaseasilythemostbrilliantintheannalsofmodernEurope. TheHofburgwasthrongedwith
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1 royalty-including,besidestheEmperorofAustria,theEmperorof Russia,andtheKingsofPrussia, Bavaria.Wurtemberg,andDenmark. withtheirsuites-andthecityswarmed withprincesoflesserrank,withdiplomatsofeverygradeandcondition,and withsemi-officialarnon-officialspectatorsandhangers-on. ThehospitalityoftheViennesecourt wasunstinted,andwithinninemonths morethansixteenmilliondollarswere laidoutonentertainment,althoughat thetimethenationwasvirtuallybankrupt.Pageants,balls,reviews,andfestivalsfollowedoneanotherinlavish andingeniousprofusion,untilitseemed thatnoenergywouldbeleftforthe seriousbusinessinhand.
"Thecongressdanceswell,"the PrincedeLignecausticallyremarked, "butitdoesnotmarch."
Inpointofface,thiscontinuous roundofgaietywaspartlyintendedto oilthewheelsofdiplomacy;anda predominatingcharacteristicofthe congressbecametheeasyinformality ofitsproceedings.Therewasnosuch hagglingovertheminutaeofprecedent andetiquetteasetMunsterandOsnabruck,orevenatUtrecht.Onthecontrary,theSovereignspresentfellinto thehabitofdiscussingfamiliarly amongthemselveseveryday.before dinner,thesubjectsthatwereoccupyingtheirplenipotentiaries,andarrived atconclusionsbyfriendlyinterchange ofopinion.afterthemannerofprivate persons.
TheWorkoftheCongress.
powers.Austriaalsoenteredthealliance.butremainedinactive. Thewar-signalisedbythesiegeof SebastopolandthechargeoftheLight BrigadeatBalaklava-wasshort.for Russia'slossesweretremendousandher resourcesweresoonexhausted.Fora timetheallieswereuncertainwhetner toemulateNapoleonbyundertakinga grandinvasionofthehostilecountry: butanAnglo-Frenchwarcouncilheld atParisinJanuary.1856,recommended peace,andthenewRussianEmperor, AlexanderII.,wasinducedbyneutrals toaccepttheultimatumthatwasofferedhim.
Toworkoutthetermsofageneral settlement,itwasresolvedtoholda congress;and,inevidenceofFrance's regainedpivotalpositioninEuropean politics,Pariswasselectedastheplace ofmeeting.Thecongresswasopened onFebruary2S,1S56.Thegathering wasmuchmorebusinesslikethanthat atVienna,anditsworkwasperformed withnoteworthyexpeditiousness,being substantiallycompletedbythemiddle ofApril.
blagetookasitstaskthegeneralrevisioniftheSanStefanotreaty,arid allStateswhoseinterestswerelikelyto beaffectedwerewelcomedasparticipants.
Thebulkoftheactualworkfellto thecommissionersoftheleadingStates -toMetternich.ofAustria;Castle. reaghandWellington,ofEngland; HardenbergandHumboldt,ofPrussia; Nesselrode,ofRussia;andTalleyrand, ofFrance.Therewasaformoforganisation.Metternichwaspresident;the scholarlyGentzwassecretary;and therewerecommitteestodealwith specialsubjects.Themeeting,however,neverbecame acongressintheordinarysenseofthe word.Therewasneveranyformal openingoranyexcaangeofcredentials.Therewerenogeneralsessions, andconsequentlynogeneraldebatesor otherdeliberations.Whatactuallytook placewasthegradualworkingout,byinterestedgroups,ofnumerousseparate understandingsandtreaties,whichat lengthwerebroughttogetherinthesocalled"finalact."promulgatedonJune 9,1815.
Whencomingreasonablywithin.view ofitsgoal,thecongresswasstartiedto hearthatitsworkmightbeimmediatelyandcompletelyundone.On March8,Napoleon,fleeingfromElba, landednearCannes.proclaimedthe congress"dissolved,'andmadestraight forParis.TheGovernmentwasseized. andtheEmperor'ssecondreign-the memorableHundredDays-began. Someoftheprincesanddiplomats forthwithleftVienna.Wellington,in particular,wascalledupontodivert histalentstomeetingthenewdanger. Thecongress,however,wasonlymomentarilyinterrupted,anditputits finaltouchestoitsworkninedaysbeforethebattleofWaterloodecided thatthesystemithaddevisedtoreplacetheNapoleonicordershouldbecomereallyoperative.
WiththeexceptionofPrussia.only thosenationsweredirectlyrepresented whichhadbeenparticipantsinthe war.SupportedbyGreatBritain.and overthedeterminedoppositionofAustria.Sardiniawasadmittedonafootingoffullequality,andCavourbecame oneofthecommandingfiguresofthe assemblage.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,Turkey,too,wasadmittedtorepresentationinacongressofthe powers;anditwasthereafterconsidered,howevergrudgingly,thatshe belongedtothe"finallyofnations."
AninterestingpaintingbyDubufe representsthemembersofthecongress -fourteeninnumber-groupedindebate.TheRussianOrloff,theAustrian Walewski,theBritishLordClarendon. andtheTurkishGrandVizier.Ali Pasha,occupytheforeground.Cayour andCountBuol,ofAustria,staidin earnestcontemplationofadocument inthehandsofthesecondBritishcommissioner,LordCowley.Thefirst Napoleongazesonthescenefromthe wall.
ItwasthehopeofNapoleonIII.to convertthegatheringintoageneral Europeancongress,chargedwitha thoroughgoingrevisionoftreatiesand unrestrainedreconstructionofthemap. Everyproposalofthesort,however, wasstubbornlyresisted--chieflyin Austria-andthesubjectstakenup were,ingeneral,confinedtothose arisingdirectlyoutofthelateconflict Indeed,theostensiblecauseofthe war-thedisputedstatusoftheholyplacesintheEast-waspassedwithout mention.
Thepersonnelofthecongresswas hardlysurpassedinbrilliancebythat oftheViennagatheringof1811.Great BritainwasrepresentedbythePrime Minister,Disraeli,andtheForeign Secretary,LordSalisbury:Russiaby PrinceGortchakoffandCountShuvaliff,twooftheablestdiplomatsofthe time;FrancebyWaddington;AustriaHungarybyCountAndrassy;and GermanybytheIronChancellor,who waselectedpresident.Turkeysentas herprincipalagentsaGreekanda German!Aninterestingpaintingof thecongress,byAntonvonWerner, hangsintheCityHallatBerlin,andis familiaras*anengraving.PrinceBismarckis,notunnaturally.thedominatingfigureintheGermanartist's composition. Despitethetreatenedwithdrawalof theBritishdelegatesatacriticalstage oftheproceedings,thecongressfulfilleditsmissionwithsuchthoroughnessthattheSanStefanoagreement wasreducedtoshreds,andthetreaty ofBerlinbecametheformalbasisofall internationalarrangementsinthe Balkans.Suchitremained,withslight exceptions,forthirtyyears.Itdidnot settletheEasternquestionbyany means,butitwassupposedtohave contributedlargelytoafinalsolution. Thelinkbetweenthereadjustment of1878andthewarnowragingisSuppliedbythelittleprovincesofBosnia andHerzegovina.BytheBerlintreatytheseterritories,whilecontinuingt., recognisethesovereigntyofTurkey wereplacedundertheadministrative supervisionofAustria.In1908theAustrianGovernmentmadetheTurkish revolutionanexcusetoannextheprovincesoutright.And,aseveryone knows,itwasattheBosniantownof Sarajevothat,onthefateful28thof June,1914,theAustrianCrownPrince wasslainandthesparkappliedtothe tinder.
Europefacesto-dayanothergreat pacification.Shemayormaynotfind ageneralcongressausefulorevena possiblemeanstotheendwhichwill havetobereached.Thereisastrong presumption,however,thatacongress willbeheld;andifHollandcontrives tomaintainherneutralitylongenough, TheHaguewillbethelogicalplacefor it. Someaspectsofthegatheringcan beforeseen.Withfourteenormore nationsinthewar,itwillbealarge assemblage.Becauseofthedepthof feelingprevailing,thetensionof thought-andpurposewillbegreat,and ,therewillbenogaiety.
Furthermore,ifprecedentscount,the waywillbepreparedmonthsinadvancebyopenandsecrettreaties, agreements,andunderstandings.andit willremainforthecongressmerelyto co-ordinateandextendthesettlements independentlyreached.Atallevents, agooddealoftimeislikelytoelapse betweenthefirstpositivestepslooking tothegatheringofthepowersincouncilandthefullrealisationoftheplan.
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Insomequartersitwashopedthat theCongressofViennawouldsafeguard thisnewsystembyprovidingapermanenttribunalforthesettlementof internationaldisputes.Likewisethere wasdemandthatitshouldseektodiscouragetherecurrenceofwarbyofferingtothenationsaplanofgradual disarmament.Neitherofthesesuggestionsreceivedconsideration,butmentionofthemwillindicatethattheideas onwhichtheywerebasedarenot peculiartothepeacemovementofour ownday. Thenineteenthcenturywitnessed thegradualrestrictionofTurkishrule insouth-easternEuropetoaverysmall regionadjoiningConstantinople.The vanishingscourgeleftinitswake,however,amultitudeofperplexingracial andterritorialquestions;andeachof thetwogreatpacificationsbetween 1815and1900wasbroughtaboutbya warinvolvingprimarilytheaffairsof theBalkans.Thepresentworld-wide conflagration,too,waskindledonBal. kansoil.
AftertheCrimeanWar. Thefirstofthesepacificationswas accomplishedbytheCongressofParis, atthecloseoftheCrimeanWar,in 1856.TheCrimeanconflictwasprecipitatedbytheRussianGovernment's demandtobepermittedtoassumea protectorateoverthemillionsofGreek Christianslivingwithinthedominions oftheSultan.Theasmandwasrefused, andthreewe.aernnationssprangto theaidoftheTurks-GreatBritain. becauseshecouldnotcountenance Russia'sdesignsuponConstantinople; France,largelybecauseofthecalve'sturousdispositionoftheEmperor NapoleonIII.;andSardinia,forthe reasonthatCavoursawintheconflict anopportunityfor smallbutambitiousnatiaatitWill
Importantconclusionswerereached. nonetheless,concerningtheneutrali, sationoftheBlackSea,thewith. drawalofRussiafromthemouthof theDanube,theincreaseofpolitical rightsofseveralBalkanpeoples,and thepreservationofTurkishterritoria: integrity.Thecongressalsodidwhat itcouldtoelevatetothedignityof internationallawtheusageswhichhad beenfollowedinthewaronthesea. Theseincludedtheabolitionofprivateering,exemptionofenemy'sgoods, exceptcontraband,whencarriedin neutralships,andtheprinciplethata blockade,tobebinding,mustbeeffective.Untilthepresentwar,mostof theseregulationswereconsideredabsolutelyfixed.
TheCongressofBerlin(1878).
ThelastgreatEuropeanconference ofpacificationpriorto1914wasthe BerlinCongressof1878.In1877Russia andRoumaniaweremovedbytheincredibleatrocitiesoftheTurksinBulgariaandadjoiningStatestodeclare waronthePorte.Againtheconflict wasbrief,andthistimetheTurks weresoundlybeaten.Thewestern powersdidnotcometotheiraidwith arms.
Intervention,however,wasonlydelayed.ForwhentheRusso-Turkish treatyofSanStefanowasfoundto containstipulationsfavourabletothe rapidextensionofRussianinfluencein thedirectionofConstantinople,Great BritainandAustriaannouncedthat theywouldnotacceptit,anddemandedthatitstermsshould.besubmitted totheEuropeanpowerssittingina generalcongress.Disraeli,indeed,was readytogotowarforthwith;but Austriacounselledmoderation.
Russia'sfirstinclinationwastomeet thechallengewithadeclarationofhostilities.Shewas,however,unprepared for-astruggleofsuchproportions,and BismarckdeclinedtopledgeGermany's assistance.Onthecontrary,hesupportedtheAnglo-Austriandemandfor acongress,volunteeringtoserve"as anhonestbroker,"aconciliatoryintermediatorbetween-buyerandseller."
BecauseGermanywasthentheleast interestedofthepowersintheEastern question,thecongress-whichunquestionablyavertedageneralwar-was calledtomeetatBerlin.Itconvened onJune13,1878,and,likeitspredecessorof1856,carriedthroughitsworkin bwiresslikefashion.remaininginses e!..tcty Ille.
4 THEY4.A.RECORD. SATURDAY,MARCH23,1913.
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A.
JapanandthePacific
WetakeJapan'sassistancetothe Alliessomuchforgrantedthatwe sometimesfailtorefertoherdoings inthewarinfittingmanner.Thisthe Japanesepapersarebeginningtopoint out.Theyask,forinstance,whyitis thatthoughPresidentWilsonrefersto BelgiumandSerbia,Roumaniaand Portugal,RussiaandFrance,England andItaly,heseldomor.neverspeaks ofJapanandtheself-sacrificingdeeds thatcountryhadperformed.Someof thesepapers,afterrecitingthemanner inwhichtheJapaneseNavyhadconvoyedBritishtroopsandhelpedto sweepthePacificofraiders,goonto declarethatJapanwouldbewillingto domuchmore.Wouldsend,ifneedbe. amillionsoldierstotheWestfront, providingtheAllieswouldlendthe shipping,or,betterstill,payforthe necessarybuildingoftransportsin Japaneseyards.Suchascheme,they pointout,wouldenabletheAlliesto defeatGermany,wouldgiveJapanese statesmengreatinfluenceatthePeace Conference,wouldprovideJapanwith alargefleetoftransportswhichcould easilybeconvertedintomerchantships fortheconveyanceofJapanesegoads andmanufacturedarticlestothefurthermostcornersoftheworld.Itis indeedapitythattheJapaneseshould finduswantinginappreciationofwhat theyhavedonetohelpusovercome militarismanddefeatGermany.Wedo indeedfeelourselvesunderagreat debtofgratitudefortheassistancethey havegivenus,andcannotbutrejoice thatone,atanyrate,oftheAllies shouldsogreatlyanddirectlybenefit fromhergallanteffortsintheghastly strugglewhichhasdemandedsuchimmensesacrificesfromus. Itispatenttoall,ofcourse,that sincetheoutbreakofwarcertainthings havehappenedwhichhaveimmensely increasedthepowerofournorthern Any.Firstofall,Japan,thankstoher powerfulfleetandheralliancewith GreatBritain,whohadentirelyswept theseasofGermanshipping,hasbeen abletosecureforherselfalltheformerlyGermanislandsinthePacificwhich lienorthoftheEquator.NextKiao Chau,withitsgreatquaysandsplendidlyplannedstreetsandbuildings,has fallenintoherhands,theisolatedGermangarrisonbeingabletoputupbut aweakresistancetotheveteransoldiersofNippon.ThenbytheagreementwhichChina,muchprotesting, ratifiedin1915,Japannotonlymade herpositioninKiaoChausecure,but enteredintotheGermaninheritance throughoutChina.Further,the Mikado'sadvisersinducedtheChinese toconsenttotheappointmentofJapaneseadvisersinfinancial,military, naval,andothermatters,menwho mustsoonexerciseadominatinginfluencethroughouttheentireCelestial Republic.NotonlydidJapangetthese thingsfromChina,shesecuredimportantrailwayandminingconcessions,as wellasvitaltradeagreements. BeforethewarJapanhadgrownaccustomedtoanadversetradebalance. thecountrywasdeeplyindebt,and therewasanincreasinglystrongmovementtoreduceexpenditureonthe armyandnavy,asthepeoplecouldpay achighertaxes.Thestrugglewasnot manymonthsoldbeforeJapan'strade wentupbyleapsandbounds.'Munition factoriessprangup,shipyardsworked nightandday.Woollenmillsand cottonestablishmentsbeganturning outimmensequantitiesofgoods.The Alliespurchasedgiganticsupplies.and Japanesefinanciershadsoonboughtup thesharesofforeignbondholders,and to-day,insteadofowingmoney,the Japanesehavelentmuchmoney abroad.Neverweretheresomanymillionairesabout,neverwasthecountry soprosperous.Insteadofdrastically reducingtheexpenditureonarmyand navy,theMikado'sGovernmentisable toannounceaveryambitiousprogrammeofship-building,whichaimsto makeNipponthethirdmostpowerful navalpowerintheworld,andto fatheralmostdoubledestimatesforthe increaseofthearmy.
ThestrongerJapanisthelesslikelihoodtherewillbeofGermanyever becomingaPacificPoweragain,and asthatistheonethingwedreadabove allothers,wemustrejoiceunfeignedly toseeJapandailywaxingmoreand morepowerfulinthegreatoceanwhich washesourshores.Whenwecometo thinkofit,thewarhasfallenoutmost happilyforJapan,forshehasreaped greatbenefitsatinsignificantcost.She haslostonlyonesmallwarcraft,sunk byamineortorpedooutsideKiao Chau.andafewhundredsoldierswho fellintheattackontheGermanfortressthere.Forthishandfulofsoldiers, thissmallgunboat,shehasgotislands ofimmensestrategicvaluealloverthe Pacific,hasbecomethepredominating PowerinChina,andhaschangedher formerparlousfinancialpositionfor oneofaffluence,herdebtsforcredits. EverydaythewargoesonJapanmust necessarilybecomemorepowerful, richerandmoresecureofherposition inChinaandthePacific.
Ontopofallthesebenefitscomesthe collapseofRussia.andtheneedfor policingVladivostockandprotecting AlliedinterestsinManchuria,Mongolia,andSiberiaitself.Whatpower saveonlyJapancanactasprotector?
IfVladivostockmustbeoccupied. where,exceptinNippon,cansoldiers forthepurposebefound?IiMongolia mustbepoliced,whobuttieJapanese canactaspolicemen?IfEastern SiberiaistobewrestedfromtheRolsheviki,noonebuttheMikadocan undertakethejob.Wehave,perhaps, littleconcerninJapan'sdreamsabout EasternAsia,butwetake,atanyrate, averylivelyinterestindeedinwhatis goingoninthePacificproper.Not,of course,thatwedreadatalltherapid aggrandisementofourAlly,orview withanythingbutsatisfactionthe mannerinwhichsheistighteningher holdontheGermanislandswhichhave fallentohershareasthespoilsofwar. Allthesame,itisinterestingtosee justhowmuchnearerthepossessionof theseislandsbringstheJapaneseto AustraliaandNewZealand.Itwillbe seenthattheMarshallIslandsareonly 2300milesdistantfromourshores. Further,thatthesouthernmostofthe Caroline?,3200milesfromTokio,is only2250inadirectlinefromBrisbane,andthatsomeoftheislandsin thatgrouparelessthan1700milesfrom Townsville.EveniftheGermansdo managetogetbacktheisland-portion oftheirNewGuineacolony,weneed havelittlefearofthemwithaJapanesenavalbasefirmlyestablishedin theMarshallorCarolineislands.
BaronIshii.thedistinguishedJapanesediplomat,whorecentlywentona ntissiontotheUnitedStates.andhas sincebeenappointedambassadorthere, announcedwhatisregardedasaMonroeDoctrinefortheFarEast.The MonroeDoctrineproperisadeclarationbytheUnitedStatesthatno EuropeanPowershallacquireterritory intheNewWorld,andinpracticethis hasledtotheassumption.bythe UnitedStates,ofresponsibilityforthe goodbehaviourofthelesserLatin AmericanRepublics,andinsomecases theestablishmentofdirectcontrolover theirfinances.TheJapanese,itmust beremembered,thankstorecentconquestandagreements,havenowa dominatingpositioninChina.Intrade, finance,militarymatters,andhigh politics,theircounsellorsareeveradvisingtheChinese.Theyhavesecured notableconcessionsforthemakingof railways,fortheworkingofiron,coal andothermines,forthesaleoftheir goodthroughoutthewholeofChina. Evenbeforethewartheyhadthe greatestholdonChinaofallthe Powers.Duringthestruggletheyhave addedtheGermaninfluencetotheirs. endexercisingthusalmostdoublethe controltheyhadbefore,theywonby thespecialagreementmentionedabove apre-eminentplaceinChinestaffairs.
NowwithcordialAmericanapproval theyhaveadoptedtheprincipleofthe MonroeDoctrinefor.China.Thatisto Beythepresentstatusquoistostand
butnofurtherterritorialchnageswillwhitetradersbetterpricesfurtheir beallowed.Japanhasineffectnailedcopraandotherproduce.Thatisasit anotice,"Handsoff."abovetheCeles-shouldbe,butthebenefitsofcheap tialgateway.NaturallyAmericanap-goodsandcompetitionforhome-grown provalofthiscouldnothavebeenob-produceshouldnotbeconfinedtothe tainedhadJapannotdeclaredthatsemi-civilisedpeoplesofthePacific. sheproposedtosupportthe"OpenWhatanimmensebenefititwouldbe Door"policyoftheWashingtonGov-toAustraliatohaveasuremarketfor ernment.Thisisimportant,becausethewoolandbutterandgraininJapan, Japanesehavehithertonotadoptedit,andtoourpeopletogettheadvantage butinManchuria,atPortArthur,andofthecheapproductionwhichenables inKoreahaveshutthedoorintheJapanesemerchantsandmanufactures faceofforeigntraders.Eventhoughtoturnoutfirelymadeproductsata thesystemofunrestrictedtradebetithethecostforwhichthesecouldbe adoptedthroughoutChina,thesuggest.producedinothercountries.
edMonroeDoctrinemustfinallyconfirm Thelastdecadehasdemontsrated JapaninherholdovertheCelectialthatwhatwearepleasedtocallthe Republic.Itisimportanttorealisethis,newJapanesecivilisation byno asaJapanese-managedChinawillbemeansaflashinthepan,buthascome anefficientandpowerfulChinabeforetostay.Thatisafactwemustrecoglong-aChinaofgiganticpossibilities,niceandwelcome.Thefutureofthe immenseresources,andagreatarmy.PacificisamatterofthegreatestmuThedevelopmentofheruntouchedmenttous,andseeingthatJapanis mineraldeposits,thetappingofhergoingtobethedominatingPower,iu coalsupplies,andtheintroductionofthenorthernhalfatanyrate,we westernmethodsinthecontrolofheroughttobeinascloseagreementwith waterways,canalsandroads,andtheherasposible.Sheistobeafarnearer openingupofthecountrybyrailwayst,neighbourthanformerly,and,thanks willintimemakeChinaoneofthemosttoherabundantlabourandChina'sre. formidablePowersintheworld. sources,willundoubtedlysoonbesupBythrowingherwingoverChina,plyingAustraliawithgreatquantities
Japanfinallyshattersthedreamsofofgoodswhichwillreachourportsin thosewhosawintheposiblebreakingshipsbuiltandownedbyJapanese,so upofthegreatrepublicgoldenoppor-thesoonerweunderstandeachother tunitiesforterritorialaggrandisement.wellthebetter.-"Stead'sReview." forthesecuringofvaluableconcessions,andofgreatspheresofinterest. BytheestablishmentoftheMonroe DoctrineforChina,Japannetonly, protectsthatcountry,butimmenselystrengthensherownposition.Itis knownthattherearegreatironmines inShantung,formerlyintheGerman. butnowintheJapanesesphereofinfluence.NearMukdenandinother partsofManhcuriaarehugeandeasily workedcoaldeposits.Assoonasthese ironandcoalminesareinfullworking, Japanwillheentirelyindependentof therestoftheworld,forthesehighly importantbasicsupplies,canbuild merchantmen-andwarships-make hardware-andCannon-withouthaving todrawasingletonofsteelfromIndia, theU.S.,EnglandorGermany.Cotton growingcanundoubtedlybagreatly developedinChina,andsoonJapan couldgetallthesuppliessheneeded forhermillionsofspindleswithout Americanassistance.Japan,withChina todrawupon,isundoubtedlybecomingmoreandmoreaself-supporting empire,andwillintimebeabletoproducealmosteverythingsherequires withoutapplyingtoothercountriesfor supplies.
Itisnotatalldifficulttoforeseethat self-supporting,wealthy,dominating China,andincontrolofislandsspreadingfarintothePacific.Japanmust soonbethemostpowerfulofallthe Pacificcountries.Atonetime,wemust franklyconfess,suchaprospectmight havebeenviewedwithdisquietinAustralia,butnowitisdifferent.Weno longerseeinastrongJapanapossible menacetoourWhiteAustraliapolicy, forastheJapaneseConsul-Generalsaid theotherdayinSydney:"TheAngloJapaneseAlliancehasbeenbaptisedin blood,BritishandJapaneseblood,and blood,wearetold,isthickerthan water.. Youmayrestassuredthat, comewhatmayduringorafterthe war,Japanwillbefoundprotectingthe generalpeaceofthePacificwithall herpower,andindefatigablyandenergeticallyendeavouringtoseethatreasonandjustice,andthecommoninterestsofmankindshallprevailthere,insteadofthebrutalforcesofmilitarism,withalltheirman-degradingand soul-destroyingconsequences."
ThatiswhatAustraliawantsinthe Pacific,andinordertoco-operatewith Japanitwouldbeagoodmoveifthe Commonwealthweretoappointacommissionerorcommissionerswhomight conferwithJapanesestatesmenand merchantsconcerningthebestmanner inwhichfriendlyrelationsandtrade mightbefosteredbetweenthetwo countries.Already,thankstotheJapaneseandAustraliancompetitionfoi theislandtrade,theislandershave beenabletosecuresuppliesatconsiderablylowerratesthanformerly,and thesamecausehasgiventhemand
HibernianAustralasianCatholicBenefitSociety.
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SATURDAYMARCH23,1918.
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FriendlySocieties'ActsofAutrahuds). ItsWatchwordsare:RELIGION,NATIONALITY,CATHOLICITY,BENEVOLENCE. ItisessentiallyIrishandCatholic,aaditSpeciallyAppealstoCatholics(malesandfemales),demasdiegtheir SUPPORTandALLEGIANCE.BrancheswillbeestablishedinanyLOCALITYonreceiptbytheDISTRICTSECRETARYofarequisitionSIGNEDbyTENPERSONS,sanctionedbythePRIESTofIke DISTRICT,thenamesandacesofintendingmembersbeingfullysetoutintherequisition. 650BRANCHESthroughouttheCommonwealthandNewZealand;60,000membersand1300,383inrands. FinancialhelpandMedicalAssistanceineasesofSickvessGuaranteed. NOENTRANCEFEESFORBENEFITMEMBERS. MODERATECONTRIBUTIONS. LOANSADVANCEDINLARGEORSMALLAMOUNTZONAPPROVLDCITYANDSUBURBANFillHOLDPROPERTIES. FullparticularsonapplicationtoJ.J.O'FARRELL,DistrictSecretary,HibernianHall,Murraystreet,Perth.
TheRedmonds
Thefollowingappreciativearticleon the'lateLeaderoftheIrishPartyis takenfromtheeditorialcolumnsofthe Kalgoorlie"Miner':ofMarch14:-
ThedeathofMr.JohnRedmond,the' greatIrishLeader,removesatrue friendandchampionofthebestinterestsofhisowncountryandoftheEmpire.Itisonlyalongthelinesofconciliationandmutualtrustthatthe prosperityofIrelandandtheunityof theEmpirecanbepromoted,andit wastoachievetheseresultsbytheinstitutionofIrishself-government,as desiredbyfour-fifthsoftheIrishpeople thatMr.Redmonddevotedhislife. LikeParnell,hecamefromafamily thatbelongedtothelandedgeetryof Ireland;hegraduatedatTrinityCollege,Dublin,andwascalledtothe Bar;butthoughacomparativelypoor man,heneverpractisedhisprbtession. forhispublicworkoccupiedallhis time.Hiseducationalattainments,his eloquence,hisindustry,andhisintellectualbrilliancywouldhaveassured hismaterialsuccessinanyprofession orcallingthathecaredtofollow,but hesacrificedallhishopesofmonetary andsocialadvancementinorderto promotewhathebelievedtobethe welfareofhisfellow-countrymenand thePritishEmpire.Hewasnuta mereparochialpolitician,butafarseeingstatesman.whorecognisedthat whatwasbestforIrelandwasbestfor theEmpire.Hedeliberatelygaveup hislifeandhishopesofpromotionfur acausethattohimwassacred,and whateverbiassedorignorantpoeple maysaytothecontrary,thecausehe championedisthecauseoftrueImperialismthatseekstopromoteunity byremovingthecausesfordiscontent. TheRedmondfamily,likethefamily ofwhichParnellwasascion,waslong identifiedwiththestruggle,forthe rightoftheIrishpeopletomanage theirownaffairs.Pamell'sgrandfather. SirJohnParnell,asamembs,rofthe IrishParliament,wasoneoftheablest fightersagainsttheUnion.IleisdescribedbySirJonahBarringtonas scornfullyrejectingallLordCa'stlereagh'sbribesofemolumentsandtitles inreturnforchanginghispoliticalattitude,andsoSirJohnwasclassedas "incorruptible."Inthecaseofthe Redmondsnolessthanfoursuccessivegenerationsspenttheirlive;in strivingtorecoverbyconstitutional meanstheself-governingpowerstaken fromIrelandatthebeginningofthe lastcentury.Mr.Redmond'sgrandfatherandhisfatherwereforlong termsmembersoftheHouseofCommons.Hisonlyson.CaptainRedmond. who,whenseverelywounded,wascapturedsomemonthsagobytheGermans,hasbeenformanyyearsamemberoftheIrishParliamentaryParty. Thesacrificesmadebythefamilyfor Irelandwerenotmorethanthosemade fortheEmpire.Mr.JohnRedmond's onlybrother,MajorWilliamRedmond, wasfor36yearsamemberofthe HouseofCommons,andoneofthe mostprominentnuanbersoftheIrish HomeRuleParty.Likehiselderbrother,heservedseveraltermsofimprisonmentwhenfoolishBritishGovernmentssoughttosuppressnational aspirationsbycoercivemeasures.Yet, whenthecallcameformentodefend theEmpire.Mr.'WilliamRedmond, thoughlongpastthemilitaryage-he was56whenkilled--readilyofferedhis services,andprovedbyhisgallantend thegenuinenessofhislife-longproCessions.Inthelastletterhewrote beforehisdeaththerewasapowerful pleathat"asenseofbrotherhoodand mutualforbearanceshouldspreadin Ireland.leadingatlonglasttoconcordandlibertyintheEmpire."Itis significantthat,whenmortallywounded,hewascarriedbackbyapartyof hisOrangecountrymen.CanonArthur Ryan,apatrioticparishpriestofTipperary,whoservedwithMajorRedmondinFrance,inthecourseofa recentspeech,deliveredatapublic meetinginTipperary,said:
headsintheregeneratieeoftheir commoncountry. TheRedmondsalwaysclaimedthat theiraimwastobring"concordand libertyintheEmpire"aswellasin Ireland,andtheirstrongestpolitical opponentsmustadmitthattheyhave provedtheirwordsinthehourofthe Empire'speril.Itissurprisingthat suchsacrificeshaveinfluencedeven thestaunchestopponentsofNome Ruletomoderatetheirviews?Unhappilythereareto-dayinIreland menwhodespairofwinningtheir rightsbyConstitutionalmeans,men whosaytheycannottrusttheEnglishThefactthattherearcdisloyalistsinIrelandmustbedeploredbyall well.wishersofIrelandandtheEmpire. Thosedespairingmenwhoadvocate anIrishRepublicarespeakingof whatnevercanbeachieved,would onlyproduceastateofaffairsakinto thatexistinginRussiato-day.and bringtothepeoplethehorrorsofcivil warwithalltheruinandsufferingthat itentails.LikeParnellandlikeO'Connell,theRedmond'ssharedtheviews ofthevastmajorityoftheirfellowcountrymen,thattheonlyhopetoadvancethepeaceandproseerityofIre. landisasoneoftheelf-governing nationsformingthefainiieofnations thatconstitutetheBritishEmpire.It isastrikingtributetothememoryof theRedmondsandcreditabletooneof theleadingpublicmenofEngland. Mr.AustenChamberlain,thathe shouldadmitthattheyhaveconvinced himthathisattitudeinthepasttowardstheIrishquestionwasnotcorrect.TothelateMr.JosephChamberlainmorethantoanyotherman,the unfortunatedefeatofMr.Gladstone's greatandwiseHomeRuleschemewas due.Hisson,Mr.AustellChamberlain, wasalsoastrongandpersistentooponentoftheIrishparty,butspeaking lastJanuaryhemadethefollowing notableutterance:"ItakethequestionoflJonieRule, IdonotregretthehumblepartI playedinregardtothemeasure.Ido notstandinawhitesheetf.)rthe 'wholeofmypastpoliticallife.forI beganpracticalpoliticsatthe:noment whentheHomeRulequestionassumed anacuteform.ButcanIviewitinthe futureasIvieweditinthepast?Isit exactlythesameproblemagain?I putthesequestionstomyselfandto you.FormyselfIanswer110.1donot pledgemyselftoanything,butIsay this,thatIcountasanewfactorin thesituation,theattitudeadoptedby Mr.Redmondandhisfriends,andlet mesayaboveallbyhisfamily,andI, forone.whenweconsiderthisquestieuinthefuture,shallnotforgetthat MajorWilliamRedmondandothers likehimmadegoodonthefieldsof France,andshallnotforgettheir claimstobeconsideredloyalcitizens oftheEmpire,andtohavetheirviews astoIrelandregardedinthatlight, andwiththegoodwillthatlight naturallyshedsuponthem."
Mr.Chamberlainisnotalone amongsttheUnionistswhohavebeen convertedbythesacrificesofHome RulerssuchastheRedmonds.Itis truethattherehavealwaysbeenmen inIrelandtalkingandactingdisloyally,andtherearenonewhoregretted thefactinurethanMr.JohnRedmond, andwho,bothinParliamentandin Ireland,moreemphaticallycondemned physicalforceastheremedyforIreland'sgrievances.ThedenialofHome Rulewasusedbydisloyaliststocreate disloyalty,butheneverlosthopeof convincingtheBritishpeopleofthe justiceandwisdumofIreland'sclaims. AtnotimeinIreland'shistorywas thecountryinmoreneedofaleader suchashe-aleaderwhosefaithinthe futurewasstrong--
Onewhoneverturnedhisback,but marchedbreastforwardNeverdoubtedcloudswouldbreakNeverdreamed,tho'rightwereworsted,wrongwouldtriumph-Heldwerisetofall,arebaffledtofight better-sleeptowake.
"MajorRedmond'sdeathhasproved thelifeofmuchthathediedfor.I doubtifeveranydeathonabattle. fieldwroughtsuchamiracleoffusion asthatIrishsoldier'sdeathonJune7. 1917.Hewasbornefromthefieldby themenofUlster,anditwastheywho sentforthepriest.(Cheers.)Oftenand oftenhadhepointedouttomein FlanderstheRedHanduponthe waggonsoftheUlssterDiviAion,and alwayswithakindlyword,always rejoicingthattheywhohadbeenso hostileinfaithandpolitieathome werehere,sidebysideatpeat-,'with oneanotherbecausefightingagainsta commonfoe,andinacommonand sacredcause.,TheRedHendeventhen wasafriendlyhandinhiseyes.Surely PrimeBeef,Mutton,Pork,Ural itwasaspecialProvidencethatcon-alwaysonhand.CornedBeefan( signedhimtoUlsterhandsinthehourSmallGoodinaSpecialty.AllMA*. ofhi4 deedlifehees petseifurtheuneel:,1' keptinCoolStoeageendiePeon:eel Jrishhearts.forthejoiningofa17Irish Phone,A3297.
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H.
M.P.S
OurPastimeCircle
ConductedbyCousinAily.
MyDearCousins,-St.Patrick'sDay hascomeandgone,andIsupposeyou allpaidduehonourtothegreatApos- tleofIreland.Wehadabeautifulpro- cessioninPerth:infact,Ithinkitwas thebesteverwitnessed.andthesports wereagreatsuccess.Ihopeyouare notforgettingour.littleartunion,as thetimeofdrawingwillbewithus soon.Belowyouwillseealistofac- knowledgmentsformoneysreceivedto date.Withlotsofloveandkissesfrom COUSINAin'.
ArtUnionAcknowlegdmente. TomDawson,MundaringWeir,10s. RitaO'Connor,Mullewa,10s. PhillipaRowe.Claremont,10s. MaryGriffin,Fremantle,10s. StellaGrosseler,Geraldton,10s. RenieHackett,Walkaway,10s. TerrenceMcCann,Nannine.10s. MorrieMarion,Fremantle,10s.SubiacoFoundlingHome ttwo books)./I. FrankWallace,Highgate,Ms. Totalinhand, 10s. Iwantmycousinstoputtheirener- giestoworkanddoerminethatno bookswillhereturnedtomeunsold, AskSt.Anthonytoguideyou,andI amsuresuccesstrillbe.giveninfull measuretoourartunion. valuableprisewillbegiventothe girlorboyselling,themostnumberof tickets.Yourdevoted COUSIN.klL'i'.
N.B.ThePastimesCircle,owingto saltinginlate,wasdetachedfrom AuntBessv'sConatomeetthede- mandsofthe
HaveweaStatesman?
TheLiverpool"CatholicTimes"of lanuaty4th,discussingthepeaceoiler oftheCentralPoxers,pointedlyre- mark*onitsreplytotheaboveques- tion:TheofferofpeaceMadebythe CentralPowersmayprovetobefruit- less.Itmaybedecided-byourdiplom- acythatthetimefortalkingabout termsofpeacehasnutyetcome,and thatinanycasethesetermsarenot acceptable.Alreadythemilitaristele- mentsinthiscountryareupinarms againsttheideathatGermanyandher satethaesareinearnest.Butsomeday orotherafirmoilermustbemade, andmustbereceivedbyus:thiswar cannotgoonforever,ifonlybecause NM, tunsnation,nonation,cancontinueto beartheburdenofwar'sperpetualde- mandforthesacrificeoflifeand wealth.Andwheneverpeaceisoffered, Genitallywillbesurenottoshowher 'hand.openly.Shewillproposeterms in_excessoftheiseshewillultimately ..crept.Thatis.shewilltryt,mike thebestIt.):an.:.,rrself,soasto strengthen )o):,,ofthentilitar- 1stclassesthe.i.tHs.aofther:'t herpoptilat- extsctsCie Kaiserto el, 'ecca frit'at',roe!so thattheflut-qii.iraris,wilethcrthis offerisnot 'arpurposesof settlement-.5anyotherlike:vtoltc made.Atan:. ourstatesmen :fleettheGetmaiiclip!:alas'Yhalfw declareourtarmsanddiscoverth.,:e ftheenemy.notGermanyonly.but thewholeworldofbe:ligerency,would hebetterablethan'theyareto-,lx:to understandwhatthewarisbeing wagedtoachieve.
PopularOpinion.
Onethingis(nth, andMr. LloydGeorge-wasmadetorecogniseit bythedebateintheHouseofCom- monsjustbetoretheadjournment:-thecountrygravelydistruststheGovern- meat,andtearsthatthewarisbeing carriedonnownotindefenceofthe sacredcauseofhumanliberty,butfor purposesdesiredbytheImperialistsandplutocratsandmilitaristssopower- fulinthecouncilsofthisnation. Everywheretheopinionisexpressed thatweoughttobetoldwhatweare fightingfor,andthattheGermans shouldbemadetoknowwhatourwaraimsreallyare.UntilourGovernmentdoesfranklyrealisethisfact,thepeople willbedoubtfulofthewisdomofthe menwhoruleus.Mr.LloydGeorge's rhetoricandMr.ArthurBalfour'slogic simplyfallflatupontheearsofthe Britishpeoplewhoseetheirsonscon- scripted,whofeelthescarcityofpro- visionsandnotetherisingofprices, whosuffersorrowandwantandwatch hugefortunesbeingmade,wholong forpeaceandfindwarapparentlyno neareritsend.Arewefightingfor libertyorforterritory?Arewereallycombatingmilitarism,abroadandat home?Arethemassesofthepeopleto standsilentforeverwhiledeathrav- agestheranksofthemanhoodofthis nation?Surelythetimehascomefor tellingthepeopleofthiscountrythe plaintruthaboutthewarandbythat
meanslettingtheGermanpeoplealso knowit.
TheWaytoVictory. IsthefightagainstPrussianmilitar-ismtobefoughtandwonbyimitating themilitarists?Arewetorenouncethe GospelofChristandtakeasourcreed thepagandoctrineofhateforthe GermanswhichSirArthurConanDoyle ispreaching?Notso.Thehateandthe atrocitieshaveonlyraisedupenemies againsttheGermans,andifSirArthur ConanDoyleisfamiliarwiththehis- toryofIreland,inwhoseaffairshe appearsat interest,presenttobedevelopingan hemustknowthattothe Prussianism,whichhasbeenpractised
OurSt.Patrick'sDaySecretaries
MR.`CECILGIIILIPOYLE.
NopraiseistoohighfortheSt.Pat- rick'sDaysecretaries.NO:idycould havemoresuccessfullydonethework. Mr.JamesTullyandhisassistant,Mr. C.A.Guilloyle.warkedlikeTrojans, andtotheiruntiringenergiesthesuc- cessoftheaffairislargelydue.,Not onlyonthisoccasionhavetheseyoung menworkedstrenuously,butrightthroughtheyeartheexecutiveofal- mosteveryIrishandCatholicfunction isincompletewithoutthem.Theyhavedonegreetwork,anddoneitgratuit- ouslyandunostentatiouslyinthecause ofcharity.Manysecretariesofother publicfunctions,andpaidones,too, mightlearnmuch,especiallywhere economyisconcernedfromtheSt. Patrick'sDaysecretaries.Theyhave ourheartiestcongratulationsontheir splendidsuccess.
therearetraceablepresentconditions inthatcountry.Wemustdetestand punishcrimebutthereisabetterand surerweaponforthepurposethan hatredofthecriminalandofthose whoaremerelythecriminal'sinstru-ments"Forthematerialforceofarms," wrotetheHolyFatherinAugustlast, "theremustbesubmittedthemoral forceofright"Itisthemoralforce ofrightbasedonthedemocraticprin- cip:esthatwillsquelchPrussianmill
tarism,andwearegladtoseethatthe publicarerecognisingmoreandmore howirresistibleitis.SirEdwardCar- sonmaystillbelieve'intheoldmili- taristascendancyforIrelandandthe wholeEmpire.Governmentsmayig- norethePope'sappealforaLeagueof Nations.Reactionaryjournalsmay ridiculetheidea.Butthepeopleand themenwhoaremostcloselyintouch withthemareconvincedthatitisby itsadoptionmilitarismwillbecrushed. "ThehopeoftheworldistheLeague ofNations,"saidMr.H.G.Wellsinthe letteragainstKaiserismandCarsonism whichheaddressedtotheLabourCon- ference.Sobelievethemassesofthe population.
Acknowledgments
Mr.J.Fennell,Albany,9s6d.
Mr.P. SistersHogan,Borrabbin, ofMercy,Bridgetown,£13s.
Mr.Smith,Nangeenan,£3.
MissO'Mahony,Perth,13s. -Mrs.Quinn.Kalamunda,Os6d.
Mrs.Douse,Kalamunda,6s6d.
Mrs.Colbert,Kalamunda,4s10d.
Mr.L.O'Brien,Subiaco,8s.
Mr.J.Scally,EllisCreek,6s6d.
Mr.McGeough,Beverley,13s.
St.Patrick's,WestPerth,7s6d.
Mr.W.Fenton,Youanmi,10s.
Mrs.Henfrey,Bridgetown, Cathedral,El16s6d.
Mr.Davidson,NorthPerth,Ils6d. RedemptoristMonastery,North Perth("Records"soldatchurch),£8 13s21d.
SubiacoChurchsales(perRev.J. O'Grady),£319s3d.
VeryRev.E.Callan,O.M.I.,Freman- tle("Records"soldatchurch),£24Os 9d. Narr,'ginZ.7hurchsales(perMissM. Marten1.XI3s3d.
Mrs.Burnsyde,Bunbury,13s, Mr.J.M.Quigley,Perth,lls6d. Rey.FatherCrowley.Highgate-Re cords"soldatchurch,perMasterChip- per).£39s6c1. Rev.FatherLynch.Maylands("Re. -irds"soldatchurch),£24s3d. Mr.Machin,Jammin,6s6d. Mrs.Hatton,Bunbury,13s. St.VirsentdePaulSociety.Victoria Park(perMr.J.F.Whitely,"Records" soldatchurch),£3.SouthPerth,15s9d.
Amusements
PERTHMAJESTIC. Thecrowdswillcomefrontthejump toPerthMajesticto-day.whenthe charminglittlefilmfavouriteknownandlovedbyallpicture-goers;Zoe Rae.opensinherfive-reelButterfly feature,"TheCircusofLife."''Tbe circusofLife"isfirstlyandlastlya humanintereststory,astorywhich holdsupandglorifiesthethingswith whichwearefamiliar,ThereEsnoover-strainedintrestorproblematicaldetail. Thehappeningsareexcitingandrealis- tic.andarealwaysprobable,givingat ,,ricctothestorythatsenseofrealism thataddssomuchcharm.ZueRaecanocncrallYbereliedupontoeletwellin .tryrole,butin"TheCircusofLife -heexcellsherself.Hersweetlittleper- sonalitvpervades.everyfootofthe ihrt.andshemakes"TheCircusof Life':ineverysenseapicturetobere- memberedbyoldfolkandyouns. harlieChaplinas"TheWoman,"sup- pliesthecomicsectionofthepro- gramme,andneedlesstosayhedoes itwell.OnWednesdaytherewillbea completechangeofprogramme,when aptly-namedLouiseLovelywillstarin"TheGiftGirl."DorothyPhillipsin "TheRescue"isthisSundayevening's scintillant.
FremantleFREMANTLEMAJESTIC.
Majesticpatronswillbe treatedtosomethingaltogetherabove theusualrunoffilmattractionsto- morrow,when"ComitiThroughthe Rye,"thepictorialversionofHelen Mather'sworld-famousbookwillbe unspooled."Comm'ThroughtheRye" isastorythatjustbreathesforth sweetnessfromeverypictorialpore, andinPerththecrowdsweremoted totearsandsmilesbyit.Itshould charmPortpicture-goersasfewpic- tureswould.OnWednesdayKathleen Calvert,inthecomedy-drama"Think ieOver,"arrives.MyrtleGonzalein "TheShowDown"isbookedforthe Sabbathnightprogramme.
GRANDTHEATRE.
hasreallycreatedasecond"Flameof theYukon"inthisstartlingmotion picture.OnWednesday-nextanother remarkablestarcomesGrand-wardsfor thefirsttime.EmilyStevensin"Des- tiny"or"TheSoulofaWoman"isthe filminquestion,andbeingfromthe penoftheyoungauthor-genius,Ans thonyP.Kelly,onemayexpecta-soulsstirringdrama.EmilyStevenscameto theforeasamotionpicturestarwith oneboundinthisMetro.feature,and willcertainlycementherrelations withPerthpictureloversin"Destiny." TheEasterattractionsattheGrand are"TheRegenerates,"apowerfulTri- anglesuper-dramadealingwithasocial problem,andOlgaPetrovainaMetro. wonder-play,"TotheDeath."
TOTHEMEMBERSOF Ml)(allowsBranch,Boulder II.A.C.B.S.
Trianglefilmsarefindingahappy homeattheGrandnowadays.To-day (Saturday)willseeanother"Western" drama,whereinmenandwomendown andoutreachdepthsunknowntothe ordinaryindividual."TheFireflyof Tough-Luck"isthepeculiartitleof thisexcitingTriangledrama.Itisastorywithadouble-barrelledpunch andasix-cylindersurprise,inwhichAlmaReuben,duskyTrianglebeauty, dancestheRuleHulatoanaudience oftwomenatDawsonCity.Triangle airREMEMBER
YourMeetingisnextFridaynight. RETHERE,andbringaFriendto lointhePREMIERBRANCHinthe State.
M.T. TerminusO'HALLORAN,Secretary. Hotel,Boulder.
51.Mary'sBranch,}Calgoorlie H.A..B.S.
FortnightlyMeetingonTuesdayin theConventHighSchool.Members areearnestlyrequestedtoRollUp.
Contributionsreceivedanyweekday from9am.to6p.m.bytheSecretary, S.J.HILL,Secretary, 1340Addisstreet,Kalgoorlie.
MOUNT
SATURDAY,MARCH23,1918. rWEW.AL.RECORD. 7
MR.J.TULLY.
LAWLEYGARAGE.MotorCarForHire, StudebakerDayandNight. 35H.P.P208, P.RYAN, 49FirstAvenue,MountLawley.G.P.O.MotorRank,A3488. PrivateTelephone,A1927. WhenYouWantaComfortableCar Ringup TOM Tel.1910,RailwayMotorRank. SatisfactionaSpecialty. PhoneA1791. THOSANDERSON FAMILYGROCERandPROVISi:024 MERCHAN'r, CornerFitzgeraldst,,andRaglanmat NORTHPERTH. Familieswaitedondaily.Countryordersattendedto. GRANDTheatre
Wednesday,
NE1111111111111111111111111M AT 14',ST PERTH,
Direction T.Coombe Saturday,23rdMarch, AlmaReubenin"TheFireflyof Tough-Luck."
27thMarch, EmilyStevensin''Destiny,or TheSoulofaWoman."
Tomorrow: CHARLIECHAPLIN athomeinbothplaces. ZOERAEin "THECIRCUSOFLIFE.'' FREMANTLE,To-morrow "COMINGTHROUGHTHE RYE." CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg. rison,proprietor.SwanBeer That'sall Har only.
SportsandPastimes
(By"Wattle.")
CRICKET. Saturday'sPlay. Claremont,13ti,v.NorthPerth,two for17.
Subiaco-Leederville,49,v.West Perth,124.
Batv.Ball.
Thirty-twowicketsfellfor376runsanaverageofjuston12perwicket.
- PerformancesofNote.
Batting:Banks(Cl.),54;Rowe(Cl.), 36;Evers(W.P.),34;Saw(W.P.),26. Bowling:Cockram(W.P.),sevenfor 31;Lehman(S.L.),eightfor49.
NorthPerthv.Claremont. Claremontbattedfirst,andknocked upthenicescoreof186.Thescorers-inchiefwereBanksandRowe.Thispair added88forthefourthwicket,of whichnumberBankscontributeda solidlycompiled54andRoweadashing3(i. Hammondgaveappreciablehelpwithatimely22.Thebowling wasdonebyChristian,fourfor43, Shuttleworth.threefor32,Broadway, twofor38.AtcalloftimeNorthPerth hadlosttwofor17.
Subiaco-Leedervillev.WestPerth. Playedat.Subiaco.Thehometeam battedfirst,butwereroutedfor49. ThedestroyingangelwasCockram, whobowledsplendidlysecuringseven for31,allcleanbowled:whileHogue attheotherendseemedthreefor17. WestPerthrepliedwith124.Evers toppedthepollwith34,closelyfollowedbySawwith26,andDiamondwith 24alsorenderedvaluablehelp.Lehmanplayedastarpartwiththeball, securingtheexcellentfiguresofeight for49.
Soldier-WastersDoThings.AtEdenPark,Auckland,inthe Aucklandy.Wellingtoncricketmatch, J.N.CrawfordandA.B.Lusk-soldiersincamp-wereincludedinthe Wellingtonteam.Priortothematch theAucklandersmadethisstatement: "CanterburydefeatedOtago,Welling- tonwonfromCanterbury.therefore thegamebetweenAucklandandWellingtonisinrealitytodecidewhichis thechampionprovinceofNewZenland."AndasWellingtonwon-and handsomelyatthat,byeightwicketstheclaimofchampionfortheprovince maybejustified.ThematchwasatriumphforJ.N.Crawford,whomade 110,givingadelightfulexhibition.His bestshotwasafinewristsstrokeover theheadofcover-pointthatswungin amongstthespectatorsinthestand. Buthisbattingwasnottheendofthe story,forhisbowlingaccountedfor10 wicketsfor143runs,andhewasbowledtoa.standstillinthefirstinnings.
ArthurChristian. Says"Onioker"inthe"Referee":Iwasdelightedlastweektoreceivea visitfromanoldcomrade.Arthur Christian,whohasbeentheleading playerinWestAustraliaforanumber ofyears.Christiandidsomefinethings inVictoriawhenamemberoftheEast Melbourneeleven,andmanywillrememberwithpleasurehisbrilliantbattingagainstNewSouthWales,making 90runsorsobeforelunch,whilehis comrade,TommyWarne.scored29. Withamorerapidbatsmanthan Warne,itislikelythatChristianwould haveestablishedarecordforthetime, asabefore-lunchopeningpartnership. HarryGrahamandS.McMichaelmade somethinglike150onedaybefore lunchagainstSouthAustralia.Victor TrumperandF.A.Iredaleputupa parallelperformanceinSydneyagainst Geo.GiffenandCo..andCharlieGregoryandHopkinsdidsimilaragainst Victoria.
ChristianiscaptainofNorthPerth, whohavebeenpremiersfourtimesin succession,andseventimesinthelast nineseasons,beingrunners-uptheremainingtwice.Asskipper,hehas modelledhisteamonthelinesofhis oldclub,EastMelbourne.whichunder thecaptaincyofPrankLaver,wonso manytriumphs.
ST.PATRICK'SDAYSPORTS.
Theweatherwasidealforout-door sportsonSaturdaylast,andtheprogrammeofsportswascarriedthrough asarranged.Somefineindividualperformanceswerewitnessedduringthe day,thatofG.Watts,whoclearedMt 6ininthehighjump,beingmostworthyofmention.Themotorcyclists carriedthroughseveraleventssuccessfully,whiletheinnovationofatrottingeventprovedhighlyinteresting andmostpopular.Itisaneventthat shouldfigureinfutureprogrammes. Theresultsofthevariouseventsare asfollows:-
Boys'racetunder16):1,J.Ryan;2, 'A.Jones;3,J.Flynn.
Girls'race(under16):1,Doris Evans;2,KathleenRoche;3,May Schulman. IrishJig:1,J.McCusker.
IrishHornpipe:1,J.McCusker; M.McCusker.
Girls'race(under131:1,FredaKavanagh;2,T.Darnel;3,AliceBiggs.St.Patrick'sDayHandicap(120 yards):1,J.Tobin;2,R.Canny;3,H. Scully.
RunningHighJump:1,C.Watts;2, L.Burke;3,S.Murphy. 440yards(open):1,T.O'Connell;2, P.Goodie;3,B.O'Connor.
FirstMotorCycleRace(threemiles): 1,CranstonBruce;2,Birch. 220yardsHandicap:1,J.Young;2, H.Scully;3,J.Flynn. St.Patrick'sDayTrotingHandicap (of25sovs.):1,Redwood;2,Dick Wilkes;3,WellyM. TeamRelayRace:St.Paul'sClub (Fremantle). HurdleRace:1,G.Watts;2,L. Burke;3.S.O'Connell. St.Patrick'sBoys'Handicap:1, Brennan;2,Cody;3,Connaughton. CatholicCollegesandSchoolsChampionship(120yards,boysunder141:1, R.Grath;2,C.Kingston;3,F.Stent. MOTORRACING.
NewHourRecord, RalphDePalma,oneofAmerica's greatestdrivers,hasestablishedanew recordforthehour.Drivinga12cylinderPackard,withanaeroplane engineinstalled,hecovered109miles withinthe60minutes.Hisbestlapof theSheepsheadBaytrack,wherethe becordwasmade,wasattherateof 115m.p.h.Thepreviousrecordwas heldbyChassaquo,at107milesper hour,andwasestablishedonthe Brooklandstrack(Eng.),sixyearsago. Thecarusedonthatoccasionwasa 12-cylinderSunbeam.
C.Y.M.Society
Theusualweeklymeetingofthe abovesocietywasheldatSt.Patrick's SchoolroomonWednesday,the13th inst.Thepresident(Mr.R.J.Marmionoccupiedthechair.
Thefollowingresolutionwasunanim ouslyagreedto:"Thatthismeetingof thePerthCatholicYoungMen's Societytendersitsdeepestsympathy tothewidowofthelateJohnRedmondinthedeathofherbelovedhusband;alsototheIrishNationalist Partyinthelossofitsgallantpatriot andLeader."
MessrsMcEncroeandSnarewere electedmembersofthesociety.
Thespecialbusinessoftheevening wasanIrishnight.Mr.Marmiondeliveredaninterestingnarrationonthe eventsleadinguptotheunionofthe IrishParliamentin1801.Thesame
speakeralsogavehisexplanationto theoft-repeatedquestionastowhy ScotlandwassatisfiedwiththeUnion andIrelandisnot.Appropriatesongs andrecitationsweredeliveredbythe followinggentlemen:MessrsTownsend, Bogue,Preston,Brennan,Evert,Oldrini,andHayes.
AttheSt.Patrick'ssportsheldon theShowgrounds,representativesof thesocietyweresuccessfulincarrying offtwooftheeventsontheprogramme,viz.,boys'raceunder16years. 75yards,andtheSt.Patrick'sDay Handicap.120yards.MesshsR.BrennanandJoeTobinweretherespective winners.Thisshouldproveanincentiveforgreatereffortstomembersin theharrierline.
Thecoloursofthesociety,madeup intheformofneatrosettes.arenow available,andcanbehadonapplicationtothesecretary. Therewillbenomeetingofthe social'onWednesday,the27thinst. asowingtotheceremoniesinconnectionwithHayWeekbeingheldon thatevening,ithasbeendecidedtogo intorecess.
PresentationtoMrs.Minihan
LATEMATRONOFCHRISTIAN BROTHERSCOLLEGE.
Forovertwentyyearsthedomestic sideoftheChristianBrothers'College hasbeenpresidedoverbyMrs.Minihan.Duringthattimemanyhundreds havepassedthroughthecollegehalls, andallspeakhighlyofheruntiring careforthosetemporarilyinher charge.Mrs.Minihan'slongreign cametoacloseearlythisyear,andas soonasthefactwasknownthepresentpupilsofthecollegedecidedto markherretirementbyapresentationasatokenofrecognitionofher services.ThislittleceremonyeventuatedonWednesday,the6thinst.On behalfoftheboysoftheschools,the prefectsmadethepresentation,a silverentredishandabiscuitbarrel. suitablyinscribed.Inmakingthepre- sentation,theheadprefectmadementionofthehighesteeminwhichthe latematronwasheldbyallconnected withthecollege,staffandpupilsalike. Anumberoftheprefectspresenton theoccasionhadcometothecollege 'asverysmallboys,andwereinanexcellentpositiontospeakofhersolicitudeforthosewhosetemporaryhome thecollegewas.Inreply, Minihan expressedhergratificationofsucha signalmarkofesteemfromtheboys,andremarkedthatallthatshehad donefortheboyswas-wellrepaidby theirkindactthatevening.Afterthe presentationtheprefectswerethe guestsofMrs.Minihanatanim- promptusupper,andspentavery pleasantevening.
SouthPerthParish
LastSunday,theFeastofSt.Joseph, wasthetitularfeastoftheinfant parishofSouth'Perth,theyoungest parishoftheArchdiocese.HisGracetheArchbishopkindlycelebratedMass intheschool-churchat8o'clOck,dur- ingwhichtheSisters,boarders,anda numberof Communion.parishionersreceivedHoly Theboardersandparishchildrensangappropriatehymnsdur- ingHolyMass.Agoodlynumberof parishionersattendedHolyMass.At theendofMasstheArchbishopex- pressedhisgoodwishestotheSisters andparishionersontheoccasionof the,FeastofthePatronSaintofthe conventandoftheparish.Healsoex- pressedhispleasureatseeingsucha goodnumberofparishionersattending HolyMass.BenedictionoftheBlessed Sacramentwasimpartedinthechurch at5o'clock.
MountSt.Joseph's BOARDINGANDDAYSCHOOL.
YORKST.,SOUTHPERT,. ConductedbytheSistersofSt. Joseph.
ThisBoardingSchoolissituatedis oneofthemostattractiveandhealthy suburbsofPerth,andcommandsa delightfulviewoftheSwanRiverand City.Theviewfromtheupperportion ofthebuildingisoneofthefinestand mostpicturesque.Thegroundsare ample,andwelllaidout.
Fordelightfulsituation,beautiful scenery,andhealthyclimate,Mt.St. Joseph'sstandsunrivalled.
Thecourseofstudyembracesallthe branchesofathoroughEnglisheducation,Mathematics,Elocution,Physical Culture,Drawing,Painting,Music,and Needlework.
Specialfacilitiesareofferedtopupils desirousoffollowingacommercial courseinStenography,Typewriting, andBookkeeping.
PupilsarepreparedfortheUniversity,CommercialandMusicalExaminations.
Thehealthandcomfortofthechildrenconfidedtothemare'carefullyat- tendedtobytheSisters.
Forfurtherparticularsapplytothe SISTERSUPERIOR, Mt.St.Joseph'sConvent, SouthPerth.
Tel.U9.
50,000SHILLINGS
FORTHESACREDHEART CHURCH,ROSS,TASMANIA.
Theworkisbegun,butisdelayed forwantoffunds.Sofarwithvery fewexceptions)onlytheFeatlyploy havehelped,andmayGodreward themfortheirfaithandgenerosity. Iasknowforimmediatehelp,and thosewhogivequicklywillremember thattheygivetwice.
YourreaderswilltakenoticethatI shalloffertheHolySacrifice,henceforth,everyfirstSunday
I THEW.A.RECORD. SATURDAY,MARCH23,1918.
WANTEDATONCE APEACEOFFERING.
ofthemonth formybenefactorsandtheirfriends, bothlivinganddead. Pleasesend tomeFATHERGRAZ= FINGAL,TASIUNILL an. TeL£4311. TheW.A.Dairy Wanerooroad,OsbornePark D.KEAN-E PureMilkdeliveredTwiceDailyW anypartofthecity,directfromour owncowstoonstomere. SupplyingtheConvent.antOates& WHENINPERTHCALLOVERTQ TOWERHOTEL Charles-at.,WestPerth andyouroldfriendErniehandsout welcometoyouall. Piret-classResidentialHome. OnceaCustomer,Alwaysone. CleanlinessandAttention. E.McGRADE,Proprietor CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Hai, rison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly, That'sall. Padbury'sStores,Limited GUILDFORD,MIDLANDJUNCTIONandMOORA TheBestValuesintheStateareObtainableattheseStores OurValuesareUnapproachable TheHouseofHighQualityandLowPrices PADBURY'SSTORES,LIMITED
inthesameearthasSt.Patrickwill standwithinhisshadowonthelast day."Duringthetimesofpersecutionthe CatholicsofDownhadtheirfullshare oftrial.Evenhere,whereourgreat Apostlehimselfbroughtsuchblessings. wherehispeopleshouldhavebeenfree toworshipashetaughtthem,they had.tomeetinsecret-infieldsandbyways,oratbestijnsomehumblecabin.
Itisacuriousfactthatwhenthepersecutionsabatedalittle,andtheCatholicsventuredtohaveMasscelebrated inthetown,theirplaceofworshipwas abarninSaulstreet.Itwasnotuntil 1872thatabeautifulchurch.fittobe onceagainthereceptacleoftheveneratedrelics,wasconsecratedbythe MostRev.Dr.Dorrian.Itstandson MountSt.Patrick.besidetheConvent andfacingthehilluponwhichis shownSt.Patrick'sgrave. Behindthechurchyardisapretty bohreen,fragrantwithblossomsat everyseason,butespeciallysointhe flowerymonthofMay,whenItooka turnbetweenitshedgerowstogeta fairviewoftheDunthatlongbefore St.Patrick'stimewasthechieffortress oftheprincesofthisdistrict. OnahilltothenorthoftheCathedralisthegreatDun,which,withits threeramparts,coversthree-quarters ofamileofground.Thiswasanciently knownasDun-Celtchair,theFortof CeltchairoftheBattles,afamoushero ofUlsterwholivedinthebeginningof theChristianera.Inthisnineteenth century,whenthe"Woman'sRights" questionisclaimingattention,itmay interestsomepersonstolearnhowthe samequestionstoodA.D.I.whenBrig Ambui,thewifeofCeltchair.asO'Curry relatesinhisLectures,wasoneofthe tenwomenwhoaccompaniedQueen MugantothefeastwhichBriorindof thePoisonedTonguegaveatDunRoorey,whereshejoinedinthebattle speechesofthewomenofUlster.In ouroldestBrehonlawstherightof daughterstoinheritlandsissaidto havebeenestablishedbyalegaldecisionmadeinthecaseofBrigAmbui, whopleadedthecauseofwoman's rights.
Toodyay
THEW.A.RECORD.
C.B.C.,KalgoorlieDebating Society
MethodistConferenceinSydneycalls Mannixismisimported, saysthelearnedconference-ofcourse, Methodismisnotimported-it"growed"likeTopsy. St.Patrick'sDay,1918,isnowa memory-butwhatamemory!Read nextweek'sreport.
ThedebateheldonMarch8thwas highlysuccessful.Therewasadistinct improvementinthespeeches,which wereattentivelylistenedtobythe memberspresent.Aspreviouslyintimated,thedebatewas"ShouldCapitalPunishmentbeAbolished?"Mr. Sullivanopenedthedebateonbehalf ofthosewhowishedtoabolishcapital punishment,andhisargumentwasthat aman'slifeissacred,andthatthe Stateshouldhavenomorerightthan theprivateindividualtotakeaway humanlife.Mr.HigginsspokeinrebuttalofMr.Sullivan'sargument, quotingtheOldTestamenttoshow thefrequencywithwhichthedeath penaltywasinflictedbyDivinecommandthroughlawfulrulers,i.e.,the State.Mr.A.Boylencontendedthat thedeathofacriminaldoesnotactas adeterrenttootherscommittingcrime, andinstanced,thecasesofseveralinnocentmenwhohadbeendoneto deathbylaw-.7acalamityimpossible weretherenocapitalpunishment.Mr. O'Learydeniedthatthereductionin thenumberofcrimespunishableby deathhasledtoadecreaseinsuch crimes.Mr.Dolanmaintainedthatthe deathpenaltyisnotnecessary,and thattherewasquiteenoughmiseryin theworldwithouttheStatetaking awaylife.Mr.Mooreadvancedthe argumentthatlongimprisonmentis notasufficientpenaltyformurder,and wasinclinedtobeirrelevantwhenhe referredtovendettasandLynchlaw. Mr.Joycemadethepointthataman isofferedachanceforatonementifhe iscondemnedtoalongtermofimprisonment.Mr.O'Keefeinadecidedly creditablespeechquestionedwhether imprisonment,especiallyforlong periods,tendstoreduceaman's criminalinstincts.Furtherthanquestioning,hedeclaredthatlongimprisonmentdoesnotproducethebeneficial resultswhichMr.Joycesooptimisticallycontemplated.Heshowedthat criminalsdetainedinprisonforlife, whichdoesnotmeanformorethan25 years,arelikelytothinkofrevengeon thosewhowereresponsiblefortheir conviction,andtopursuewithhatred thosewhohadbornewitnessagainst them.HeinstancedItalyasacountry wherecapitalpunishmentisabolished, yetmurderisstillcommitted.Mr. Sullivansummedupforhissideina slashingspeech,whichsmotehisopponents'arguments"hipandthigh," "cutthegroundfromunderthem,"and then,hurryingthemofftoouterdarkness,droppedthemthere.Heputaside lifesentence,andadvocatedasthe policyofhissideperpetualdetention. Mr.O'Keeferepliedinwordswell chosenforthecauseinwhichhisheart wasnot,ashisspeech,alongwith othersofhissidewasthemorecreditableinthatitonlytooknoteofwhat canbesaidbythosewhoreallybelieve incapitalpunishment.Thedebatethen closed,andthechairman,Rev.Brother Rahill,declaredtheresultadraw.He indicatedsomeweaknessesnoticeable inthespeeches,andalsoshowedthat therewasverylittlerisknowofinnocentmenbeingcondemned,seeingthat thedeathpenaltywasinflictedso rarely.
TheannualSt.Patrick'sDaycelebrations,heldthisyearbnWednesday, the13thinst,provedtobethegreatest socialandfinancialsuccessyetachieved. Theprocession,ledbytheHighgate HillWarPipeBandandfollowedby theschoolchildrenandadultsfront Toodyayandsurrounding madeareallyfineCatholicpageantand asightwellworthseeing. Thesportswerestartedat2.15,and therewereneitherdullmomentsnor anythingthatsportsmencouldterm -flat"tillthehappyprogrammewas concludedabout6.15p.m.Butthe IrishWarPipeBanddidmuchto banishdullcare.Theymadethevery atmospherevibratewiththeirsoulstirringmartialmusic,andwhichthe Australianpubliclovessowell. Theconcertprogrammeprovedtobe thebest,themostvariedandpopular vetsubmittedtoaToodyayaudience. Thecrowdedaudience,too,realisedthis frointhestart,foreveryitemonthe longvariedprogramnie--aprogrammelastingalmostthreehours--wasloudly encoredthroughout.Thissustainedappreciationisreallyasrarewithan Australianaswiththemoreconservativeoldcountryaudience.Butthe banditemsagaindeservemostpraise foritsfinemartialmusicstirredthe audiencetoapitchofenthusiasmthat aptlypreparedthemforthevariedand pleasingconcertitemsthatfollowed. PipersBogueandWadegavesolos,and theireffortsareneverlikelytobeforgotteninToodyay.Mr.D.Elliot,as usual,provedacapableaccompanist, butowingtoanunfortunatethroat affectionshewasunabletocontribute furthertotheprogramme.TheMisses M.O'Byrne,E.Lee,andL.Howiegave verygracefulandmuchappreciated exhibitionsofIrishdancing,andthey provedjustassuccessfulintheirsingingofIrishandScotchsongs.MissD. RockcliffesangwithsuchafullbeautifulvoicethatToodyaycriticsprecum forherinherafterlifeasuccessful careerasasongster.MissL.Lowthorne'seffortsasareciterwereas pleasingastheyweresuccessfulfrom anelocutionarypointofview.Mr.P. O'Dwyerwasagainagreeablyinevidencethisyear,andhesangasusual inperfectvoiceandwiththecharacteristicIrishpathosthosedearold IrishairsthatbringtheGaelbackto hisdearnativeland.Mr.Greville,one ofAustralia'sbestcomedians,literally broughtdownthehousewitheachof hismanyefforts.Asahumouristheis ofInterstatefaille,andthebestinthis lineisprobablyinthehighestlistof fametheworldover.Theboysandgirls ofthelocalconventschoolgaveeach anitem.Theclub-swingingbythegirls wasoneofthegloriousitemsthat.is deservedlypopularineveryentertain. ment:butthefreegymnasticsbythe boyswas,ifpossible,bettef,fortheir effortswereadmittedlynearlyperfect.
Kalgoorlie
LentenRegulations FORTHEARCHDIOCESEOF PERTH,W.A.
WhiletheLawsoftheLentenFast remaininfullvigour,thefollowing regulationsaremadeinthisArchdioceseinaccordancewithrecentlegisla. tionoftheHolySee,andinvirtueof powersreceivedfromtheHolySeeon January8th,1911:-
1.Itisnolongerforbiddentouse fishandfleshmeatatthesamemeal.
2.Whathasbeenknownasthe BlackFastisabolished.HenceonAsh Wednesday,theWednesdayofHoly Week,andGoodFriday,eggs,cheese, milkandbutterareallowed.
3.Lardanddrippingareallowedinsteadofbutterwheneverbutteris allowed.
4.Thosewhoarenotboundtofeast mayeatmeatateverymealonthe daysinwhichmeatisallowedatthe principalmeal.
5.Meatisallowedattheprincipal mealonallMondays,Tuesdays,and. ThursdaysduringLent,andonWednesdays,exceptAshWednesdayandthe WednesdayofEmberWeek.
6.MeatisforbiddenonallFridays duringLent,onAshWednesdayand theWednesdayofEmberWeek,andon allSaturdaysexceptEasterSaturday, onwhichdaythelawoffastingand abstinenceceasestobindafternoon.
7.Onlythelawoffastinghastobe observedontheotherdaysofLent. Thislawoffastingbindsallfromthe endofthe21sttothebeginningofthe 60thyear,unlessexemptthroughillness,weakhealth,orlaboriouswork. Thelawofabstinencebindsallwho havecompletedtheirseventhyear.
8.Personsrequiringadispensation fromthestrictobservanceofthe LentenRegulationsregardingfasting andabstinencemayapplytothe priestsofthevariousdistricts,whoare herebyauthorisedtodispenseifthere beajustcausefordoingso. ThePaschalCommunion. EveryCatholicisboundtoreceive HolyCommunionwithinthePaschal time,whichuptothepresentbeganon AshWednesdayandendedonthe OctaveDayofSts.PeterandPaul.The obligationstillremains,butthetime forcomplyingwithitisshortened.In thisArchdiocesethetimeforreceiving thePaschalCommunionshallbeginon the4thSundayofLentandconclude onTrinitySunday.Theclergyandthe religiousteacherswillkindlyexplain andemphasisethechangeinthe churchesandCatholicschools. Marriage. Marriagesmaybecontractedatany timeoftheyear.Itisonlythesolemn nuptialblessingthatmaynotbeimparted'fromthefirstSundayofAdvent toChristmasDayinclusively,nerfrom AshWednesdaytoEasterSundayinclusively.TheBishopmay,however,for ajustcause,andprovidedtheLiturgicalLawsbeobserved,allowthisblessingtobegivenwithintheseperiods, butshallwarnthecontractingparties toavoidundueexternaldisplay.The clergyarerequestedtoremindthe faithfulthatthemarriagesofCatholics outsidetheChurcharenullandvoid beforeGodandtheChurch. CollectionfortheHolyPlacesinPalestineandfortheAboriginalMissions. Iwishtoremindtheclergythatthe annualcollectionfortheabove-named fundsshouldbetakenuponGood Friday,eitherattheAdorationofthe Crossorwhateverothersacredfunction isheldonThatday.Duenotification willbegiventothefaithfulonthe previousSunday,andtheofferings fromeachparishwillbeforwardedto theChancelloroftheArchdiocese, FatherM.Hallinan,assoonaspossible afterwards. WherevertheStationsoftheCross areerected,theStationsshouldbepubliclyperformedthreetimeseachweek duringLent.TheIndulgencesaremanifold,whichIndulgencesmaybegained
Therewareverylargecongregations atbothMassesatSt.Mary'sonlast Sunday,andthestatuesandcrucifix preachedtheirsilentlessonfromunder theirvioletshrouds-thespeciallesson ofPassionSunday,that''Jesushid HimselfandwentoutoftheTemple." Thechildren'schoirmovedmanyto tearswiththesoulfulrenderingofthe hymnsinhonourofSt.Patrickatthe seveno'clockMass,"Thebestofour gloriesisbrightwithusyet,"and"All elsemayhavegone-St.Patrickalone." Whatwonderthatthesewordsshould movetotearssomanywhohavelost somuch?Mostpeoplehavehadlosses duringthelastfewfatefulyears,and thereminderthroughthefreshvoices ofthechildrenthatalltheselosses turntogain,andthenourfaithisthe victorywhichovercomeththeworld, couldnotdootherwisethanmeltthe heartsthatGod'sProvidenceleads throughthewaysofsorrowandloss, toajoywhichnomancantakefrom us,andgainwhich_neithermothnor rustcanconsume. ThepanegyricofSt.Patrickwas preachedonSundaynightbyFather Lyons,whobrieflytracedthesaint's 'life,andcausedallheartstoglowat theremembrenceofthehoaryold Druid'sprophecy,"Astrangerhas kindledafireinErinwhichifnotput outto-daywillneverbeextinguished."
St.Patrick'sfireislightinguptwo. hemispheres,andthosewhohelpto kindleitcannotbutfeelpridethatits warmthisundiminishedanditslight undying. TheDeanisbackfromthenearEast. andisbadlysmittenwithwhatthe
SATURDAY,MARCH23,1313.
13
alsoprivatelyandatanytime 44PATRICKJ.CLUNE, ArchbishopofPerth MOANA RATSTREET ForAfternoonTea BeautifullyAppointed Served CAFE PERTH. andSuppers andTastefully CriterionHotel.Perth,Reg.Harrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly. That'sall. Writefor ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUEof STATUARY AndCHURCH REQUISITES, via., BRASSWARE, VESTMENTS, CHALICES, CIBORIUMS, REMONSTRANCES, STATIONofCROW INRELIEF CANVAS, Etc.,Etc. PELLEGRINI&Co. MANUFACTURERSofasuman STATUARYandCIUROM METALWARE, 244Elizabethstreet,Malheur's,aad 489Georgestreet,Sydney. SUBIACOHOTEL RJEEBYROAD,SUBIACO. EmuBeeralwaysonTap. GoodAccommodationforCountry Visitors. WALTERWING,Proprietor. GLENORAN NO,10 SCOTLAND'SBEST PureMaltWhisky Assuppliedandercontractbetha W.A.HospitalsandGovernseas MedicalDepartment.AlsoRailway DiningOarsandtheLeadingMotels andOh&throughouttheState. SOLEAGENT: Phil.Coyle MOIR'SORAMEERS. J.B.GEORGE 'PHARMACIST 542hayStreet, PERTH PRESCRIPTIONSPECIALIST and VETERINARYCHEMIST. Mr.B. THEOPTICIAN,Means BUCHERIDGE, D.11.0.A., FreedomofCityofLeaden. THE HIGHESTQUALIFICATIONS. INTHESTATE. ByExam.,London. AskForMr.B. inthe ROYALAROADZ: OppositeTownHall. OthersarenearlyequaltoImported, SomeareasgoodasImported, "UNIONIMPERIAL"STOUT IsBetterthanImported. i.
People,PlacesandThings
TOANIMPERIALIST.
Gohappyyou,whocanbelieve
InourImperialdestiny, Whoseethedoomofslavery
Where'erourshipsthewaterscleave; Gohappyinyourfaith:butI HearErin'sdeepandbittercry.
Youtelloffreedom'striumphnew (TheystrivethisdayinMontreal Fornation,language,faith,andall Thatmenholddearest).Happyyou!
ButIhearringing.inthegale
ThelivingwrongofInnisfail.
YoutellofPoisonthatshallbe. Thegoodsofbody,mindandsoul (ThemyriadfiresofMolochroll Beforehisthroneofindustry);
ButIhear,stilluncomforted, ThekeenofRachelforherdead. -II.E.G.Rope.
Mr.ShaneLeslie(saysanexchange) isremainingintheUnitedStates forthepresent,andthegood workheisdoingforhiscountry islikelytoproenthisreturnhome duringthewar.AnAmericancontemporaryprintsthisinterestingpersonal note:"Inthesixtenthcentury.along withotherimpoverishedandhungry ScottishProtestants,acertainAnglicanprelate.BishopLeslie,arenegade memberofanancientandillustrious Catholicfamily,wentoverintoIreland, wherehewasrewardedforhisloyalty totheBritishCrownbyhavingpresentedtohimmuchlandinCounty Monaghan.formerlythepropertyof Catholics.Yearspassed,andto-daywe havetheconsolationofknowingthat aCatholic--Mr.ShaneLeslie--issole heirofallthisgreatestate,including the!SinaiofIreland'-CroaghPatrick." a Twootherannouncementsofinterest have'beenmaderecently.ThesevonremnewconvertstotheChurch,people onwhomthelimelightshines.Oneof theseisCol.Rankin,aMedicalOfficer ofwell-knownfamily,tyhoisincharge ofthemilitaryhospitalsintheOxford district,andhasjustbeenreceived intotheChurchintheoldUniversity City,afterundergoingacourseofinstructionatthehandsofthatwellknownleaderofCatholicsocialworks. theRev.CharlesPlater,S.J.Another convert,wellknowninpublicorcommerciallife,isMr.Mercom,Midland, SuperintendentoftheLondonand North-WesternRailway,whowasreceivedduringChristmasweekatOscott College,nearBi;minglr.
Theclosingdaysofthereignofthe CatholicLordMayorofLondonwere markedbyaspecialhonourbrainthe Pope.HisHolinesshascreatedSir WilliamDunnaKnightCommanderof theOrderofSt.Gregory,adecoration whichhewearswithmuchpride.Ills lastpublicappearancewas.according tocustom,intheprocessionofhissuccessor.whichwasmadememorableby thefull-dressappearanceofsmile Tanks,thatrumbled,rolledandwaddleddownLodeate tothesheer ,le;ightofo:,1
*
FieldMarshalJorfrehaslintf,rward hisofficial-cainlidaturefortheAcademieFraneaise.Hiselection,whichwill beunanimous,willtakeplaceshortly.
*
TherapidgrowthoftheChurchin Montana,U.S.A..hasbeenillustrated duringthepastyearbythesolemn dedicationoftwentynewchurchesin. theGeeitFallsdioceseby'Bie1lopLenihan,alongtheGreatNorthern.RailwayandontheSno,:war,theCanadian border.
*
Itwasrecentlystatedthat10per, centofthemenintheenlistedforces' oftheUnitedStateswereCatholics. Thelatestfigures'(saysthe"Catholic Times"ofJanuary41showsclearly thatthe'UnitedStatesArmyis60pee centCatholic.Nineteen.thousandAmericansoldierswerepresenttagether latelyatMassinCampDevans,Ayer, StateofMassachusetts.
France,itisdesiredtoassociatethe HolySeewiththecrimesnowbeing investigatedbytheFrenchtribunals. CardinalAmette,ArchbishopofTheVaticanhasneverhadeventhe Paris,inannouncingthattheFrenchmostdistantconnectionwithM.CailBishopshaddecidedtomakeJanuarylaux,M.Renouard,orwithanymembero" 6adayofsolemnprayerforFrance ftheirent*ourage. a andherAllies,said:"Havingnolonger tofightRussia,whichhasabandoned InChicago,Illinois,abodyofIrishusinviolationofallthetreaties,ourAmericansinaugurated'an"AmericanIrishConstitutionalLibertyCommit- enemiesthreatentobringagainstus alltheirremainingforces.Ourbravetee"tosupportMr.Redmondandhis armiesarereadytofacethem,andde-policy.Aninitialfundof£10,000has terminedtorepulsethem,buttheybeenraised.InanaddresstoMr.RedhategreaterneedthaneverofthehelpmondtheyappealedtoIrishmenin ofAlmightyGod." Irelandnottoembarrassthecuaseof a a theAllies.Theycouldnot,itwas
TheRev.FatherLeo,0.F.M.,Kit-pointedout,'helpFranceandAmerica, larney,ArmyrChaplain,waswithGen-whileatthesametimeassailingGreat eralAllenby'sforceswhentheyenteredBritain. Jerusalem.
a * a
a a a AletterfromMr.GeorgeRussell 't, Religiousdifficulties,itisstated,have(AE"oneofthemembersofthe IrishConvention,advocatingamoral causedtheengagementbetweenMiss VioletdeTraffordandLordBurghershagreementbetweenIrishmenofall politicalaims,appearedunderthetitle, tobebrokenoff.Theweddingwasanpolitical.NewNation;"inthe"Irish nouncedtotakeplaceatHampton"TheNew andwaseditoriallycondemned OratoryonJanuary7,but,thearrangementshavebeencancelled,andthebythatpaperasconveyingadangerousandfallaciousformula. weddingpresentsreturned.Missde * a Trafford,whoistheonlydaughterof Inth SirHumphreyandLadydeTrafford, ,espeechinhasdefencewhichhe deliveredintheFrenchChamberof isaCatholic,andLordBurghersh,who istheeldersonoftheEarlofWest-Deputies,M.Caillaux.whohasalong anti-clericalpast,askedhowitwas morland,isaProtestant. a possibletoimaginethathehadbeen inanvwayinrelationwiththeVatiAmongstanumberofmilitarychap-ean.liethusexplainedbow tainswhoseheroicperformanceoftheir mistakearoee:"Inthemumsn the exttome dutyonthebattlefieldhasledtotheir beingmentionedindespatchesbySirintheHoteldeRu,'siewasthePope'ssister.Onehaswhetneighbourson DouglasIlaigduringthepastweekare can,andtheCountessdella('hiesa,a thefollowingpriests) womanofthehighestreputation,there
Rev.FrancisAveling,D.D.,Ph.D..receivedCardinalsandPrelates.With D,Sc.,formerlyoftheCatholiclbs.theflairofallpoliceservices,the sionareSociety,wellknownasalee- RomanPolicenodoubtsaidtoitself turerindwriter. thattheseClericswentbeyondthe
Rev.MichaelCullen.ST,formerlyCountess'sdoorandknockedonmine. rectorofSt.Mary's,GreatYarmouth. Icarriedprudencesofarastorefrain
Rev.OswaldDolan,formerlyassist- fromvisitingtheVaticanMuseumor antpriestatSt.Mary's,Sheffield. theSistineChapel.Idonotwishany-
Rey._WilliamFitzmaurice,S.J..formerlyofSt.Beuno'sCollege,Northonetobelievethatafterseeingafew \Vales.FatherFitzmauricealreadypicturesIpassedbyahiddendoorinto holdsthe.MilitaryCross,awardedfortheVatican." * a gallantryonthefield. SpeakingrecentlyatBerkeley,Cali-
Rev.GodricKean,formerlyrectorofforma,on"ServicetoourCountry," St.Mary's.Oldham. HisGraceArchbishopHannasaid:-
Rev.JohnJ.Noblet,BA.,formerly W "eclaimthat- wearebattlingwith assistantpriestattheChurchofthe ourfoeinorderthatthelibertiesthat BlessedSacrament,Aintree,Liverpool.wehavegainedthroughthecenturies
Rev.BernardWalsh,formerlyassistmayendure,thattheworldmaybe antpriestattheChurchoftheSacredsafefortheruleofthepeople.But Heart,Caterha * a therecanbenolibertyworththename
RevelationsmadebyPremierLenineunlessGod'splaceandGod'spowerare r be ofRussiathroughthepublishingofrecognisedbyman.Andtherecan nodemocracyworththenamewhere diplomaticdocumentsstirredRome lastmonth,showingthatacompactmendonotrecognisethedignityof theirfellow'men;wheremenarenot existedbetweentheEntenteAllieswillingtomakeeverysacrificefor higherideals,andwheremen'sweak nessisnotsupplementedbylawand, bystrengthfromonhigh. "Maythespiritthathoversoverus inthesedaysgivees-lighttoseethe way,andstrengthtofollowwhither thatlightmaylead.Maythespirit thathoversoverusgiveuscourageto defendGod'srightandtherightsof homeandcountry.Andmaythespirit, fillinguswithwisdomandwith strength.leadusfromvictorytovictoryuntiltheearthisaeajnwrapped topear.andman.one,-:againtreeto turntothepursuitofthosethingsthat aref,A.thi...,.-,..4Godandtheelevationof;he,111i-:.11rate-
barringtheHolyFatherorhisrepresentativesfromparticipationintheconferencewhichmusttakeplaceatthe endofthewar,lookingtothesolution ofitsmanyquestions.The,"OsservatoreRomano"notedtheimportance ofthedisclosure,,taut;reservedcomment."Thiswar,"comments"The Lamp,"anAmericanmagazine,"istoo bigathingnettoeerveinsomeway theendsofeternaltruth.andwith thesenoneismoreconcernedthanthe SupremePontiff.When,someyears theUnitedStates.andEngland heldauoffierenceoverthegehringSea problem,ashasbeenobserved,the lustingoronselforbothnationswere Catla,liv,,.FrederickCeudertandSir CharlesRussell.WhenKingGeorgeV. tooktheroyaloathathisaccessionto theThroneofEngland.theonetoreceivehisoathwastheleadingCatholic i.V111;.111ofEngland,theDukeofNortelk.WhenPresidentWilsontookthe oathprescribedfortheheadofthis nation,themantoadministeritwas theCatholiCChiefJusticeWhite,of theSupremeCourtoftheUnited States.Now,.whenournationfinds itselfatwar,itisdiscoveredthata thirdofthefightingforcesareCatholics.Andwhenworld-peacearrivesit willbelargelythroughtheinstrumentalityofthevisibleheadofChristen. dom."
*
Theflightstationsinrreland(says anEnglishexchange)willbecompleted withinfourmonths,anditisestimated that£500,000willbespentinwageson
AtameetingoftheCommissionersoftheworkofconstruction.
* a * IrishNationalEducation.theBoard unanimouslyrecommendedthat:(1)A Rev.ArthurBarryO'Neill,poetand newwarbonusonCivilServicetermspedestrianofNotreDameUniversity, begrantedtotheteachers,paymentsU.S.A.,hasnowtohiscreditabout tobemadewiththeJanuary.salaries;50,000milesasawalker.Hehastaken and(2)thatninemonths'(orthree-thisexerciseforhealthandpleasureat fourths)oftheBirrellgrantshouldbeoddtimesinvariousdirectionsfromhis paidonthesamedate. startingpoint--theUniversity,
* ' -a
AViennatelegramsaysthatthe The"OsservatoreRomano,"replying AustrianshaveremovedthecoffinstoSignorPirolini'sassertioninthe containingthebodiesofCharlesX.ofItalianChamberthat.Monsignori France,theDukeofAngoulemeandPacelliandTedeschini,Under-Secrehiswife,adaughterofLouisXVI.,andtariesofStatetotheVatican,were theComtedeChambordandhiswife.PresentatareceptionwhichwasatthePrincessTheresaofModena,alloftendedbyMine.Caillaux,says:"We whichwerelodgedintheFranciscanareauthorisedtodeclarethatanysuch monasteryatCastagnevizza,nearstatementisabsolutelydevoidof Gorizza,andhaveconveyedthemtofoundation.Itisallthemoreworthy Viennaforre-burialintheCarmeliteofreprobationbecauseoftheinsistence monasteryinthatcity. withwhich,especiallyinItalyand
Jarrandale
STPATRICK'SBALL.
TheSt.Patrick'sball,whichwas heldonFriday,the15thinst.atthe MechanicsInstitute,wasafirst-class success.Itwasbilledasaplainand' fancydress.affair,andthefancycostumeswereofahighly,interesting character'Thedancieg.beganateight o'clOck,andfromthathouruntilearly morningthefloorwasneverunoccupied.Prizeswereofferedforthemost originalcostume,andwerecaptured byMrs.J.ProutandMrCecil(Dusty). Curtis1heenergeticworkofthe commit*.w .-id!ticedbythe thoroughnessofthearrangementsand. by'toe ti Idainty
14 THEW.A.RECORD. SATURDAY,MARCH23,1918.
refreshmentswinchgraciidhefestiveboard. Thegre,-escred:isduetoallconcerned,especiallytiMr.T.Hanrahan, hon.seereyand McKenna,his admiral) ar A.CRAWFORD LateofKalgoorlie, HastakenovertheDairyProduce BusinessrecentlycarriedonbyMr. BrooksbetweenClaremontandCottesloeBeach,andtrustsforacontinuance ofthepatronagegiventohim. Allorderswillbepromptlyattendedto. BRYANT&WATERS 80to90StirlingWelt,Perth. WOODANDGOALMERCHANT OrdersPromptlyAttendedto. Tel.A3938. Telephone395. HOLDWAY&Co. LICENSEDSEWERAGEPLUMB ERS(CERTIFICATED). GASFITTERSandSHEETMETAL WORKERS. ATrialSolicited. 40-44PIERST.,PERTH. J.SPIGL TobacconistandStationery, Shaving,Haircutting. ModeratePrices. Haystreet,opp.Foy's,andWellington street. 'Phone1341. M.HANNAY WinsandSpiritMerchant CornerMURRAY&GEORGEOTtt WESTPERTH. QualityGrocer,TeaaadProvisies MerchantandImporter.OtisMotto Smallprofitsandquickretnytu Orderscalledforanddelivereddad! SHAMROCK TeoandGrillRooms Wellingtonstreet,Perth. M.SHERIDAN,Proprietress. UictoriaParkhotel VictoriaPark P.J.CONDREN,Proprietor. OATES&Co. CoalMerchants 40DYERSTREET,WESTPERTH. AgentsforHowardSmith'sAlNew. castleCoal,CollieCoal,Charcoal,etc. Specialquotesfortrucklots.Dry JarrahBlocks,12s6dperload. Telephone1102. GREATWESTERNHOTEL Williamstreet,Perth. 'Reorganisedthroughout.Visitorswil; finditamostUp-to-dateCityHotel. OnlytheBest.ofLiquorsStocked. FullBoardandResidence,25sper week.Meai,,Is6c1.Iieds,t2s. PATRICKO'KEEFE,Licensee: TheJ..1.BENDON SHOESTORES 150HIGHSTREIT, FREMANTLE. PhoneB425. RINGUP rEL.CENTRAL'265WayorNigku, ForallkindsofPLUMBING,GAS FITTINGS,andGALVANISED IRONWORK. MarkDunn 1112-334WELLINGTON'ST.,PERTIt LicensedPlumberandDrainer TotheMetropolitanWaterSupply, SewerageandDrainageDepartment DairyingUtensils,Baths,BathHeaters. Tanks,andWindmillsMade, andRepaired. I.,IANHOTEL i YSTREET(adjoiningBoans'LargeStores), odertheManagementoftheOwner, INGUILFOYLE StocksofBestBrandsLiquors,AllNewStock. FullyStockedandatBedrockPrices. OURSPECIALBULKWHISKY.
Weus.aprflpad,:swhenontheGoldsnMile,alwaystogivepreferenceto ourAdvertisers.
PAULEYBROS. PRODUCEMERCHANTS, FORHESTSTREET,BOULDER, PkIMESTWHEAT,CHAFF,BRAN, OATS,Etc.
LargestStockontheFields. Ringup'Phone51
AUSTRALIA HOTEL
KALGOORLIE.
P.LYNCH,Proprietor
SeedAccommodationforTravellers.
MANNION&CRUSE
WksGoldfieldsUndertakersand FuneralFurnishers, No.18HANNANST,KALGOORLIE, andNo.9BURTST.,BOULDER. Funeralsconductedinanypartof tkaStateatshortestnotice.Charges moderate.Aconsignmentofartificial wreathsjustlanded(thefirstsince rlisioutbreakofthewar). X,elgeorlieTel,337.BoulderTel,196.
TOWNHALL,BOULDER.
AStatesman-Philosopher
COMMERCIAL HOTEL
HANNANSTREET,KALGOORLIE. EverythingoftheBest. GoodAccommodation. ChargesModerate.
J.RILEY,Proprietor
'Phone141.
JAMESSHEAHAN
GENERALSTOREKEEPER, WINEANDSPIRITMERCHANT. PiesseSt.,Boulder
ForChoicestQualityOnly.Calland InspectourUndergroundDairy ProduceDepartment.
HORANBROS.
BUTCHERS, WILSONSTREET,KALGOORLIL
QUEALY'S PALACE HOTEL PICTURES
AlwaystheBestfromPerth. Spencer'sNo.1.
J.P.BUTLER,Proprietor
J.W.SHEEHAN
UNIONBEERonDraught.
Mrs.QUEALY,Proprietress Oil
THEHOUSEFORMEN'SWEAR.
P.J.RUSSELL
TheLatestinGent'sHata,Shirts, Ties,Underwear,Etc.
HannanSt.,Kalgoorlie Opp.PeatOMee.
PRIMEBEEFBUTCHER, HannanandMarken&streets, KALGOORLIE. 'Phone433,and'Phone474. NextTownHall,KALGOORLIE. ExcellentAccommodation.
aidislargelypatronisedbytheprih ,ipalFarmersandGrazier'isthe State.
MODERATETARIFF.
T.J.GLOWREY,Proprietor._ TheExcellenciesofallPurities Embodiedin UNIONIMPERIALSTOUT, TheSupperDish.
SeldomhaslessbeenknownofanextcalledontheBundesrattosus- publicmanthanofvonHerding,whopendtheJesuitlaw.TheReichstag, isnowtheofficialmouthpieceofthewiththesupportoftheSocialists,in Germannation.AveryinterestingthreereadingspassedaBillforthe articleonthisstatesman-philosopherisabolishmentofthelaw.However,as contributedto"TheAmericanReviewsoofteninGermanpoliticalaffairs, ofReviews"byMr.Edward'I'.Ileyn,the13tindesratdeclinedtoobeythe whosays:-- mandateoftheParliament.Onlysince thewarhastheanti-Jesuitlawbeen CountGeorgevonHerding,thenew GermanChancellor.isaBavarianciti-takenfromtheGermanstatutes. zen,.butwasbornintheGrandDuchy Anothersubjectwhichhasalways ofHesse-Darmstadt,in1843.Heisde-troubledtheCentrepartyhasbeenthe scendedfromanoblefamily.OneofPolishquestion,formostofthePoles hisprogenitorswasJohannFriedrichlivinginGermanyareCatholics.Since .vonHerding,aChancellorandMinis-thewarthePolesoftheProvinceof terofStateoftheHessianPalatinate.Posenhaveobtainedmoreliberty,due theKurpfaltz.Hertling'sfatherwasainlargemeasuretothesupportinthat courtchamberlain,ofHesse-Dann-directionreceivedintheReichstag stadt,andhismother,AntonievonfromtheCentreparty. Guaita,belongedtoaPortuguese HertlingasBavarianPrimeMinister banker'sfamilywhichhadsettledinwasnolongeramemberoftheReich- Frankfort-on-the-Main.Herdingismar-stag;stillhewieldedconsiderablein- riedtoaCountessvonBiegelben,ofonefluenceinGermannationalaffairs, oftheorthodoxCatholicfamiliesofowingtothefactthathehadbeen Hesse-Darmstadt. chairmanoftheforeignrelationscom- Herding,whentwenty-fouryearsold,mitteeof,theBundesrat.Aswarcan- wasappointeda"privatdocent"atthenotbedeclaredinGermanywithout UniversityofBonn,andprofessorintheconsentofthisfederalcommittee, 1880. In1882hewascalledtothevonHertlingandhisroyalmasterthe MunichUniversitytofillthechairofKingofBavaria,withtheotherrulers philosophy,andheldthispositionuntilandgovernmentsofGermany,are 1912,whenhewasappointedBavarianequallyresponsiblewiththeKaiserfor PrimeMinister.Herdingbecameatheworldcataclysm.Hertling,inan memberoftheReichstagin1875,andaddressmadeoverayearago,said: wasrepeatedlyre-elected.Whileinthe "Weholdthatthewarmustnowin GermanParliamenthehadtheoppor-allcircumstancesandbyallmeansbe tunitytoseethetremendousgrowthofbroughttoadecision.FieldMarshal the"Centrum,"theGermanCatholicvonHindenburgrecentlystatedthat party,nowrepresentedintheReich-theoreticallythewarcouldbecon- stagbyninety-ninemembers.Hertling,tinuedindefinitely,asourlosseswere formanyyears,wastheableassistantconsiderablysmallerthanourincreases ofthenotedCentrumleader,Drinmen;thatourfrontierwallsinthe Lieber.Lieber,ademocraticallyinclin-east,westandsouthwereunshakable, edpolitician,wasamanoflearning,aandthatoureconomiclifewasconskilledtactician,andaworthysue-tinuingasformerly,althoughona cessorofWindhorst.thegreatCentrumsmallerscalethaninpeacetime,yetin leader,Bismarck'sadversary. areliable,safefashion.Wedesireto AfterLieber'sdeath,Hertlingwasbringthewartoanendbecauseweare madepartyleader.Hewasalwaysoneshockedbywar'ssorrows.Ouradver- ofthehardestworkersintheReich-sarieswishtocontinuethewarbecause stag.Tohim,morethantoanyothertheyareterrifiedbythehorrorsthat deputyintheGermanParliament,waspeacewouldbring." duethepassageoftheepoch-making HertlingalsosaidtoanAmerican social-insurancelegislationwhichex-correspondent: tendedprotectiontotheGermanwork- "Wearenotfightingforthesame ingpeopleincaseofsickness,disabilityavowedobjectsasEnglandandFrance. andoldage.HerdingdisplayedsimilarWeareallfightingforourhomesand activityinbringingaboutthepassagefatherland.Wewill,wemustfighton ofthe"BuergerlicheGesetzbuch"theaslongasEnglandpursuestheavowed remarkableCivicCodewhichestablish-objectofcrushingtheGermanpeople. eduniformlawsforthewholeGermanandproposestodictatehowandby Empire-aproblemstillunsolvedle.thewhomtheGermanpeopleshouldbe UnitedStates.Herdingonseveraloc-governed." casionssupportedBillsincreasingthe Itisonlyfairtosaythatsincethe sizeoftheGermanarmyandnavy,asPope'speaceofferCountvonHertling wellasthelegislationwhichfixeIhighandthemembersoftheCentreparty tariffduties,especiallyonagrarianasgoodCatholicshavechangedtheir products. attitude,andnowareverymuchin AsamemberoftheReichstag,Met-favourofpeace.Hertlinghurriedto lingspokerarely,butwhenhedidsoViennaimmediatelyafterForeignMin- alwaysdeliveredcarefullypreparedandisterCzernin'esecondstatementthat scholarlyspeeches.HisattitudewasAustriawaspreparedtomakepeace usuallydiplomaticandconciliatory,withRussia.On9thMay,1917,Hen- andquitedifferentfromtheaggressivelingarousedastirwhen,throughthe tonefrequentlyusedbyotherCentrumBavarian"Staatszeitung,"theofficial members,notablythetwoWurtum-organoftheBavarianGovernment,he bergers.GroeberandthefieryErzber-statedthatGermanydidnotexpectto ger.Hertling,indeed,wastheonlyobtainwarindemnities,andthatthe memberoftheCentrepartywhode-'principalfeaturesofherpeacemustbe fendedChancellorvonBuelow'sMot-anagreementwithherenemiestoob. occopolicy.Atthesametimeitshouldtainrawmaterials,permissiontodebesaidthat,followingtheusualJanus-velopherforeigntradetoherutmost facepolicyoftheCentreparty,Hert-capacity,thereturnofallcaptured lingdidnothesitatetotaketheveryGermanships,andofherlostcolonies oppositepositionwhenBuelowfallinThis,theBavarian"Staatszeitung" disfavourwiththeCatholics. added,wouldbeanequivalenttoan Hertling,attheageofseventy,be-indemnityofmanymillions. cameBavarianPremier.Twoimportant AgaininOctoberofthisyear,ad- questions,alwaysburninginGermandressingthechiefcommitteeofthe politics,receivedhisearlyattention,BavarianChamber.CountvonHera namely,socialreformsandtheadmis-lingdiscussedBavaria'sseparatean- sionoftheJesuitsintoGermany.Ad-swertothePope.Hedeniedthat dressingtheBavarianLandtagontheBavariawasfollowinganindependent subjectofsocialreform,Herdingde-policydistinctfromthatoftherestof daredthatGermanyshouldspendGermany,andtheverycontrarywas moreforthispurpose,ratherthanontrue.TheaimsoftheImperialGovern- largerarmaments,fortheGermanmenthadreceivedBavaria'sfullsup- people,headded,couldnolongerstandport."Nothingcouldbefurtherfrom theseincreasedburdens.HeaskedthetheaimofthepeacefulGermannation Socialiststoproposedefinitesocialre-andhergovernmentthanthethought forms,insteadofopposingeverythingtoattackothercountriesandtoatinthatdirectionproposedbytheBay-tempttowidenherterritorybyforce arianGovernment. ofarms.ForneitheravictorynorexAsaresultofHertling'sspeechthetensionofterritorycouldcompensate BavarianLandtagpassedaBillappro-Germanyforthefearfulhorrorsofwar priating75,000marksforworkmen'sandtheresultingdestructionofall unemploymentinsurance.Withregardethicalandeconomicvalues." totheobnoxiousanti-Jesuitlaw,pass- HertlingisnotthefirstCatholic edin1872,andaboneofcontentioninChancellorThelateChancellor,Prince Germanyforoverfortyyears,theHut-Hohenlohe-Shillingfuerst,wasaCatho- lingCabinetdecidedthatthelawdidlie.butnotamemberoftheCentre notpreventJesuitsfromattendingparty.Hohenlohehadaleaningto.. socialconferencesormakingpublicad-wards"OldCatholicism."andpolitically dresses.TheBavarianGovernmentheldliberalviewsHertlingonthe
SATURDAYMARCH
23,1918 TIREW.A.RECORD. GoldfieldsAdvertisements
HOTEL
Taylor.Meals,1/6;Weekly,27/6.JIMFRAWLEY,Proprietor.
Brewery Aleani
UNRIVALLED FORQUALITY ANDCONDITION.
ORIENTAL
HANNANSTREET,KALGOORLIE.'Phone481. ONEOFTHEBESTHOTELSONTHEFIELDS. SplendidAccommodation. BeetofEverythingKept. DiningRoomundersupervisionofMrs.
Swan
Stout.
IyyouwantaComfortableMotorCu, Ringon BILLIIOUSE CarP.777,RailwayMotorRank. 'Phone,1910. THEPALACEHOTEL ST.GEORGE'STERRACE, PERTH,W.A. ThePALACEissituatedisamost charmingposition,closetoBasksaid CommercialHousesandTheatres
otherhand,isadecidedUltramontane. OnanumberofoccasionshewasentrustedbythePrussianGovernment withimportantmissionstotheHoly See.Foritshouldnotbeforgottenthat althoughPrussianominallyisaProtestantState,beforethewaritmaintainedaMinisteratthePapalCourt. HertlinghasalwaysenjoyedtheconfidenceoftheVatican,anditisno diplomaticsecretthatthroughoutthe warheandtheBavarianGovernment havebeenintouchwiththePope.
Hertling,lastJuly,wasofferedthe postofChancellor,butthe"oldfox," asheiscalledinBavaria,wiselydeclinedtheposition,andsupported Michaelis.Herealisedthathistime hadnotyetcome.Hertlingfullyenjoys theconfidenceoftheKaiser,anditis saidonnumerousoccasionstheGermanmonarchrecommendedhisentouragetofollowIlertling'ssuaveand diplomaticconductofpublicaffairs.
ThequestionwhattodowithAlsaceLorrainewillbeaseriousproblemto Hertlingtosolve.Hehasrepeatedly changedhisattitudeonthisquestion. Atonetimehefavouredthedivision oftheprovincesbetweenBavariaand Baden.Latelyhehasbeeninfavourof grantingthempoliticalautonomy.In animportantutteranceHertlingrecentlysaid:
"TogiveupAlsace-Lorraineisnutto bethoughtof,andthemajorityofthe populationofthetwoprovinceswould notwelcomesuchameasure.Adecisionastothekindofgovernment whichAlsace-Lorraineshallreceive cannotbemadeinahurry.AnindependentfederalStatecannotbeshot outofapistol."
StudentsofGermanaffairsarenow wonderingwhatHertlingwilldoasa PrussianMinister,foritshouldnotbe forgottenthatheisbothImperial ChancellorandPrussianPremier.What willHertlingdotogivePrussiauniversalsuffrage?TheCentrepartyhas alwaysopposedthereformof"the mostrottenelectoralfranchise,"asthe Prussiansuffragewasoncecalledby Bismarck.Hertlinghasalreadysaid thathedoesnotfavouradecided ballotreform,andalsohasrefusedto changeparagraph9ofthenational constitutionenablingamemberofthe Reichstagatthesametimetobea memberoftheBundesrat.
ChancellorvonBethmann-Hollweg wasgreatlyinterestedinphilosophical subjects,andthisisalsotrueofHertling.ThepresentGermanChancellor laswrittennumerousphilosophical books.lieisoneoftheforemostliving authoritiesonAristotleandonAlbertusMagnus,thefamousschoolmanof theMiddleAges.Hertling'sbook,"The PrinciplesofCatholicismandScience," hasbeentranslatedintosixteenlanguages.Strangetosay,hisnamedoes notappearintheBritannica,"orinthe American"CatholicEncyclopaedia."
InallhiswritingsHertlingshows himselfamostdevoutCatholic.Inhis :workon"ThePrinciplesofCatholicism andScience"hesaystherecanbeno contradictionbetweenscienceandthe revelationastaughtbytheCatholic Church.ThroughHertling'sactivity theVaticanwasinducedtoestablisha Catholictheologicalfacultyatthe StrassburgUniversity.Forsomeyears Herdingwasthepresidentofthe GoerresSociety,aCatholicscientific organisationwhichaims.toemploythe wordsoftheCentreLeaderWindhorst, "followingtheexampleofthefamous CatholichistorianJansen.toaidhistoricalresearchandtopurgehistory fromtheProtestantlegendsandforgeries,withreferencetotheeventswhich causedtheReformation"
bisbIlatioval'forester's ASOCIETYFORmasimss. Noinitiationfee.Cheapestcosta* tions.
Branches:HughO'Neill,Perth,every alternateThursday,TradesHall,Beau, fortstreet.BrianBoniBranch,Fremantle,everyalternateTuesday, FriendlySocieties'Hall,Highstreet, Secretary'saddress,W.Keating,10 Burtstreet,Fremantle.CharlesStuart Parnell,Boulder,Secretary'saddress, ShamrockHotel,Boulder;meetsalter. sateFridays.JohnDillon,Midland Junction,J.F.O'Malley,Quebecstreet, MidlandJunction.
Moneytolendonapplicationtothe Society'sSolicitors,MessrsJ.andR. Maxwell,Barrackstreet,Perth,orthe GeneralSecretary,careofJ.J.Sala, Barrackstreet.
MyDearChildren,-Icanonlysaya 'fewwordstoyouthisweek,as1have pressedrathermuchontheprinter's spacewithyourlettersthisissue.I havemanythingstosaytoyou,butI mustholdthemoveruntilmynext talk.Wehadaglorioussuccesson Saturdaylast.Didn'twe?Iamavery proudwomanto-day:myheartisfull withagranddelightthatthebestof theGaelonthecoastfullyresponded tothecallofErin,UntilmynextIam yourloving
AUNTBESSY.
NOTICE.
Allwhoholdmoneysforthesaleof buttons,kindlysendthemontome.I amanxioustosettleupwiththe"Record."
AUNTBESSY.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
VivienneKehoe,Mogumber,15sfor buttons:letternextweek. PhilippaRowe,Claremont,money andbutts,CousinAlly'stickets,received.
FAVOURRECEIVED.
Mrs.D.:5sforlittlefoundlings,in gratitudeforfavourreceivedthrough "LittleFlower."
TOSAINTJOSEPH.
GodinIlis saint,wisdomchosethee,holy
OnearththefatherofHisSontobe;Towatchandguard,tocherishwellnorfaint, Amongthebillowsoflife'stroubled sea.
TobethemostchasteSpouseofMary, fair, Toguideherthro'herwearyexile here.
Toshieldherdearnameandherbeauty rare, Throughdarkestdaysofpovertyand fear.
0!glorioussaint,whatgreaterjoy thanthis?
Tobethedearcompanionofthy God. ToholdHiminthinearms-tofeelHis kiss-
Toknowandlove,toservethy BlessedLord.
DearfaithfulJoseph,humblyweimplore
Thyprayers,thycounsel,andthy prudencemeet; Asthoudid'stguidetheHolyChild ofyore, Sweetsaint,nowleadustothe Saviour'sfeet.
-MadelineBarclay.
Noggerup,March12,1918.
DearAuntBessy,-MayIhopethat youwillfindjustalittlecornerinyour nieces'bighouseforme?Iamten yearsoldandinthefourthstandard. Myfatherisatthewar,andeveryday Iprayforhimtocomebacktousall, for,dearAuntBessy.Ihavefour sistersandonebrotherwhoisonly fouryearsold.WhenmydearDaddy wasleavingFremantle,motherandI wenttoseehim,andwhenwemet himwefelttoohappyforwords.Idid notlikethatphotoofyouinthe"Record."Itdidnotlooklikeasensible woman,soIdon'tthinkitcanbelike you.NexttimeIwriteImusttellyou aboutNoggerupanditssurroundings WhenIknowyouhaveroomformeI shallwriteagain.Yourwant-to-beniece, MAYHODGSON. Oh,comealong,Maydear,anddon't waitforfurtherinvitationfromme. Youareaswelcomeastheflowersin May.Ihopeyourdeardaddyissafeand well,andthathewritestoyouoften. I'llpraywithyou,mylittlefriend,that hewillcomebacksafeandsound,and thenwon'tyoubeveryhappy.I'm gettingnicerlookingsinceIbadmyphototaken.I'llperhapsgetmore senseasIgrowolder.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.
Bullfinch,March12,1918
DearAuntBessy,-Ireceivedthe buttonswhichvousentme,andIam sendingyoubackthemoney,7s6d.1 hopetheprocessionwillbeagreat successonSt.Patrick'sDay.My brotherJoeistakingpartinit,with theC.B.C.boysfromFremantle.He isalsosingingattheconcertinHis Majesty's.IwishIwastheretotake partinit.Loveandkissesto"wee ones"andyourself.Yourlovingniece, xxxx ETHELWOODHOUSE.
MydearEthel,Iamverymuchobligedtoyouforhelpingsowellwith thebuttons.1hadtodisappointalot ofgoodfriendsbecauseofthedifficulty ofgettingsupplies.Theprocession,as youwillseebythe"Record"thisweek,
wasarecordoneinpointofnumbers andbeauty,andonMondayevening theconcertwasatremendoussuccess. TheFremantlerepresentativesonthe programmedidhonourtothegritty citybythesea.Thankyou,mydear, foryourlovearidkindness.Your loving AUNTBESSY.
Sawyer'sValley,March12,1918.
DearAuntBessy.-Justafewlines hopingtheyfindyouinthebestof healthandspiritsandgettingready forSt.Patrick'ssports.Itisalong timesinceIwrotetoyou,butIalways seemtothinkofitatthewrongtime. Thefruitisscarcethisyear,andwe haven'tgotmuch.Wehadagoodcrop ofapplesthisyear,butsomestray horsesgotinanddestroyedabout threeorfourcases.Myuncleandtwo cousinsmotoreddownfromPingelly lastnight,andwentdowntoPerth thismorning.Myuncledrivesthe motorhimself,butheisnotquiteso cleverasFatherMorris,ashecannot runupatree.Well,dearAuntBessy, Idon'twanttotakeuptoomuch space,sohopingyouandthelittle foundlingsareallwell.Yourloving niece, xxxxx STELLAFLEMMING. MydearStella,it'sabouttimeyou wrotetome.DidSt.Patrickgiveyou thetipthat 1wasnearlybroken- heartedwaitingforaletter?Iam sorrythehorsesweresodishonestthat theydestroyedyourapples.Ienjoyed myselfatthesports,andwasdelighted withtheprocession.Iwishyouhad seenit;thetableauxwereverybeautiful.Don'tkeepmesolongwaitingfor anotherletter,andthankyouforkisses. Yourloving AUNTBESSY.
Amherstroad,W.Midland, March11,1918. DearAuntBessy,Thisismyfirst lettertoyou.Iamenclosingapostal noteforlOs6dforthelittlefoundlings, theproceedsofaraffleofaboxof chocolateswhichIwasluckytowin attheCharitiesCarnivalinPerth.I emapupilofSt.Mary'sSchool,East Guildford,andaminthefifthstandard.Hopingyouwillreceivethepostal notesafely,Iwillrowconcludewith fondestlovetoyourselfandthe"wet' ones."Yourwould-beniece, ROSABARRY. Yourfirstletter,Marydear!Well,1 amveryhappytowelcomeyoutoouCorner,andIthankyouverysincerely forthekindlyactioninrafflingyour boxofchocolatesforthefoundlings.I gotyourpostalnotequitesafely.You mustwritetomeoften.1hopeyouenjoyedyourselfonSt.Patrick'sDay. Yourloving AUNTBESSY. Garrettroad,Bayswater, March6,1918. toDearAuntBessy,--Iamverypleased thinkthatIamoneofAuntBessy's nieces.Iwasinthehospitalthree weeks,andIwasonlyhomealittle whilewhenIhadtogobackagain. Thenurseswereverykindtome.I wentunderanoperationonMonday, the4th,andmythroatandnoseare stillsore.IwishIwaswellandback atschool.IhadtwoSistersofMercy toseemewhenIwasinthehospital. Inevertoldyouabouttheoldblack crowwehavegot.Somecruelboysshothiminthewing.Antiisstill goingstrong.1havenotreceivedthe buttonsyet,butImustwaitpatiently forthem.Givemylovetothe'avee ones"andkisses,andtakethemyour- self.Myfatherhasrheumatismbad;he can'tmovewithit.Yourlovingniece, xxxxBEULAHL.M.WRIGHT.
DearlittleBeulah,Iamverygrieved tohearthatyouhavebeensoill,but Itrustyouarenowfullyrecovered fromit.Poorlittledear!Whatamean thingitwastohurtyouroldblack crowwhenyouwereaway.Anti,Ifear, neglectedhisdutytoyoubynot keepingabetterwatchoveryourpet. IamsorryIhadn'tanybuttonsto sendyou.Ididn'tgetmysupplyfrom the"Record"intimetopostyourorder. Iacceptyourloveandkisseswithpleasure,andIhopefather'srheumatism isquitewellagain.Yourloving AUNTBESSY. Glanmore,Coomberdale, March10,1918. DearAuntBessy,-Iamenclosing 12s,beingamountreceivedforbuttons. Ieasilysoldthem.Infact,wesold20 atNambauthismorningatMass.They tooktheyoungfolks'eye,and1did nothaveonelefttowearmyselfon St.Patrick'sDay.Iwouldliketobe withyouinPerth.Youwillbejust "it"yourselfwithyournewbonnet.I supposethe"weeones"willhavea dayoutalso.Theweatherisagainvery sultry.Ihopeyouhaveanicecool dayforthesports.Whenthingsgeta bitbrighterIwilltryandrafflesome-
thingforthe"weeones."Youhavenot sentmemycardyet.FatherCarroll,I hear,iscomingtothisparishagain soon.Wewillbepleasedtohavehim withusagain.Lovetothe"weeones" andyourself.Yoursincerenephew, VINCENTMcMULLEN. MydearVincent,yourlettersare alwaysverywelcometome.Iamvery gratefulforthehelpyougavemein sellingtheparcelofbuttonsIsentyou. Igotthemoneyquitesafely.The "Record"couldn'tgetenoughbuttons tosell,andwasverydisappointed.I hadmanyordersthatIcouldn'tsupply. 1hadagooddayatClaremont,and wasdelightedwiththesports.Mynew bonnetanddressattractedalotof notice.Iamsureyouwillbepleased tohearthatIwas"asuccess."Iam delightedtohearthatyouwillbean activeworkerwithusthisyear.I heardFatherCarrollwasatthesports. butIdidn'tmeethim.Writeoftento me.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.
No.9Mandurahrd,S.Fremantle, March10,1918.
DearAuntBessy,-Enclosedplease find£22s2d,alsomycollectingcard. Itwashardtocollectmuch,asthe MetropolitanAppealnowbeingmade getsallthesparecash.However,alittle isbetterthannoneatall.Isn'tthis yearpassingquickly?Nearlythree monthshavegone,andIhateonly hadonecard.Wouldyoupleasesend meanothercardbeforeSaturday,the 16th?Areyougoingtothesportsat ClaremontonSaturday?Ihopetosee youthereinyournewdressandbonnet.IwillbeelevenyearsoldonWed-
THEW.A.RECORD. SATURDAYMARCH23,1918. --
AuntBessy'sCorner
nesday,the13th.Iwenttoseethe newwingattheFoundlingHome.It waslovely,especiallythebedthat yourniecesandnephewsendowed.I alsosawthetwocots.Thelittleones weresohappy,andwerenotabitshy. Ihadtwolittleoneswhowouldn't leaveme-StellaandNancy.Wehada letterfrommycousin,whoisinEgypt. HedescribedthePyramidstous. Egyptmustbeawonderfulcountry. OnecarpetintheKing'sChamberin thePyramidscost£600,andweighsone andahalftons.IambusywithCousin M1111111111111111111111=111111 PERTH, OntheCorner WILLIAMandMURRAYSTS. Phone,AI964. No,7CENTRALARCADE, (Ra4x4yStationOpposite). 'Phone,£2422. Samuel's I THEBIG TAILORS FREMANTLE, OntheCorner HIGHANDWILLIAMSTS. (TownHallOpposite 'Phone,207. Patterns, SeltMeasure formandTape SENTANYWHERE, POSTFREE. k
artunion,andamtryingtosell sometickets.Therewasatramaccident herelastSaturday,inwhichaman waskilled.Thereisnotmuchnews aroundFremantle.Mycousinisstaying atourplace.DearAuntBesse,pleasesendthecardbeforeSaturday.Well, nowImustclose,hopingtoseethisin nextSqnday's"Record."Yourloving niece, DOROTHYTANGNEY. xxxxxforyourselfandthe"wee ones." Mydearlittlefriend,Iamdelighted tohearfromyouagain,andIamvery gratefulforthe£22s2dyousendfor the"weeones."Youarecommencing thenewyearverywell.Ihadn'tthe timetosendacardbeforethe16th. Thebuttonsworriedmealotbecause Icouldn'tgetenoughtosendmy friends.Iwasintheprocessioninone ofthedecoratedmotorcars-itwas firstrideinamotor,andIenjoyed iMhimensely.I'msureeveryonewas lookingatmybonnet.Nearlyeveryone woremycoloursonSaturdaylast.I thoughtyouwerethelittleladyIsaw attheFoundlingHome.Anditwas becauseyouweresoveryinterestedin thelittleonesthatIremarkedyou.Oh, youaresodifferenttotheDorothyI thoughtyouwere.Ipicturedyouas quiteabiggirl,andnowIknowyou areonlyjustadelightfullittleslipof agirl.Well,Dorothydear,Ihopeyou wereatClaremontonSaturdaylast.I metafewfriendswhosaidIlooked verynice,butIwouldhavebeenglad tomeetyouthereandgetyouropinion.Ihopeyouenjoyedyourself.Idid. Yourloving AUNTBESSY.
Hawera,N.Z.,February2,1918. DearAuntBessy,-YouwillthinkI haveforgottenyou.Iamafraidyou willhaveapooropinionoflittlegirls inN.Z.Iintendedtowritetoyoulong ago,butbetterlatethannever.All theschoolsopenonMonday,andIam goingtoasboardingschoolatOpunake. andIamgoingtostartmusic.Ihave mademyfirstCommunion.Iaminthe firststandard.MylittlesisterMoira has12teeth,andshewillsoonbewalk. ing.IthinkIwillmissbabywhenIgo away.IamsorrythatIcouldnotcollectmoreforthe"weeones,"butevery littlebithelps.Now,dearAuntBessy, Imustsaygood-bye,withbestloveto youandallthe"weeones."Yourloving niece, ZITADONNELLY.
LittleZits.fromdeardelightful Maoriland,Iamverypleasedtohear fromyouaftersuchalongsilence.I thoughtyouhadforgottenme,andI oftenthoughtofwritingandremindingyouthatIwasstillaliveand patientlywaitingforanicelong,long lettertellingmeallaboutHawera. AlthoughIhavenevervisitedNew Zealand,Iknowmuchofitandits rarecharms,andwouldliketospend aholidayamongstthem.Someday perhapsIwill.IhopelittleMoirawill onedayhemylittleniece,andthat she'llnotmissyoutoomuchwhenyou gotoOpunake.Whatalovelyold name.Thankyouverymuchforyour moneyorder.Ireallydidn'texpect thatyouwoulddosomuchforour littleoneswhenIsentthecard.It cametomeasabigsurpriseIam gladyouhavemadeyourfirstCom-
munion,andIhopethegreatjoyIam sureyouhadthathappymorningwill everremainwithyou.Writetomeas oftenasyoucan;Ishallalwaysbe verypleasedtohearfromyou.Your loving AUNTBESSY.
Ucarty,viaGoomalling, March7,1918.
DearAuntBessy,-Thisisthefirst letterIhavewrittentoyou,andI wishtobecomeoneofyourmany nieces.Wegetthe"Record"even week,andIlikereadingyourCorner. WelivetwelvemilesfromGoomalling.Itisnotaverylargeplace.Ihavefive sistersbesidesmyself.Oneofthemis boardingintheAlbanyConvent.I haveonlybeentoschoolforoneyear, andIaminthefourthstandard.The weatherislovelyupthiswayatthe presenttime.Itseemstobegetting coldereverymorning.Therearesome lovelywildflowersoutthisway.They lookprettyamongthegreenbushes.I hopethelittlefoundlingsareinthe bestofhealth,alsoyuorself.Aunt Bessy,Iwouldsendforacollecting card,onlythereisn'tverymanypeople upheretocollectfrom.Wehavea nicelittlefruitgarden,andthereare manykindsoffruitinit.Now,my dearAuntBessy,Ihavenomorenews, soIwillconclude.Yourwould-beniece, xxxxx OILVEBOURKE.
MydearOlive,youareverywelcome toourCorner.Iamsureyou'llfinda lotofcousinsinittogladlymake friendswithyou.Ihaveanumberof verygoodlittlefriendsatAlbany,and Ihopeyoursisterisamongstthem. Youmadegooduseofyourtimeat schoolsurely,andIhopeyou'lldistinguishyourselfveryhighlybeforeyou closeyourschoolbooksandsayfarewelltoschooldays.Iamgladtosay the"weeous"areinreallygoodform. Someofthemaregrowingbig,importantpeople.Thankyouforthekisses.
Yourloving AUNTBESSY.
Parkerstreet,WestGuildford, ' March6,1918. DearAuntBessy,-Iamreturning yourcardwithamoneyorderfor30s. Ihopeyouwillbepleasedwithmy firstattemptatfillingacollecting card.Ienjoyedmyselfverymuchwhen IwenttotheopeningoftheFoundling Home.Isawalotofbabies-allsizes. Theylookedsohappy.Iexpecttosee youonSt.Patrick'sDay.Willyou haveyourglassesandyourcapon.I willnotknowyouifyoudon'tWe havesomebuttonsathome;Sister gavethemtousinschool.Isuppose youaretoooldtogointheprocession. Withloveandkissestoyouandthe "weeones."Yourlovinglittleniece, MARYCLOHESSY. Marydear,Iamoverjoyedbythe verynicechequeyousendmeforthe. "weeones."Itwasasplendidfirstattempt.Iwasn'tfarawayfromyouat theFoundlingHome,butyouseemed sobusy,andIwasverytired,Ididn't interruptyoutomakemyselfknown. Ineverliketospoilaperson'sactivity byintrudingmyself.Didn'tyousee meintheprocession?Ienjoyedmyselfinadecoratedcar,andIamsure everygnelikedmynewbonnet.So youseeI'mnottoooldfortakingpart inhonouringoldMotherErin.Oh,1
anend,withlotsoflovetoyourself andthe"weeones."Yourlovingniece, xxxxx ETHELMITCHELL. Now,Etheldear,youwantmeto saysomethingthatmighthurtyou, andIwon't.Youarenotlazy,I'm sure,butthewretchedweatherwe havebeentreatedtolately,perhaps, robbedyouofalotofenergy.After all,it'snotsoverylongagosincewe comparednotes.I'mgladyou'vehad acoolspellsinceyourlastletter,becauseIdon'tthink,Ethel,you'dmake anicephotographifyouwerereally cooked.Ihavehadawretchedlyred facenearlyallthissummer,andI wouldn'tmindifitwerechangedto bluebyafewreallycolddays-onlyI hatechilblains,andIgetthemthick asberriesonabush.The"weeones" arerobustandingoodvoice.Thank youforthekisses.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.
"SocietyofSt.Vincentdepail,Western Mukalla"Pacorporated)
ParticularCouncilMeetsSecond Mondaymonth,EagleChambers,Hay, street,Perth
CONFERENCES:
ImmaculateConceptionmeets
ParochialHall,Archbishop's Palace,Tuesdayevenings,8.p.m.
SacredHeart,Highgate,Parochial Hall,Sunday,11am.
St.Brigid's,WestPerth,Convent Schoolroom,Tuesday,8p.m.
St.Joseph's,Subiaco,Vestry,after lastMass.
StarofSea,Cottesloe,Vestry,after lastMass
thinktheGaelwasgrandunSaturday last.Yourloving AUNTBESSY. Swanstreet,NorthFremantle March3,1915. DearAuntBessy,-Iwouldvery muchliketobecomeoneofyour nephews.IgototheChristianBro. there',Fremantle.Wegetthe"Record" everyweek.IlikereadingyourCorner. DearAuntBessy,willyoupleasesend mesomebuttons,andIwilldomybest tosellthemforyou.Pleasesendone dozenlargeandoneandahalfsmall ones.Hopingyouwillacceptmeasone ofyournephews,Iwillclosewithlove toyourselfandthe"weeones."Ihope toseeyouonSt.Patrick'sDay,aswe aregoingtoPerth.Yourwould-be nephew, ALOYSIUSCOGHLAN. Myrighthandtoyou,Aloysius.I amverypleasedtohaveyouasa nephew-andIhopewe'llbefriends foreverandaday.Everybodywith anysensereadsthe"Record,"andI ampleasedtohearthatinyourhouse itisafamiliarfriend.Mystockof buttonsranout,soyouwillunderstandwhyIdidn'tsendyousome.I hadtodisappointseveralgoodfriends inFremantle.Ihopeyousawmeat ClaremontonSt.Patrick'sDay;Iwas averyinterestedvisitortothe grounds,andenjoyedmyselfimmensely.IheldquitealittlecourtinthetearoomsworkedbytheClaremontladies. Yourloving AUNTBESSY. Wagerup,March3rd,1918. DearAuntBessy,-Isupposeyou willthinkIhaveforgottenyou,asit issolongsinceIhavewrittentoyou. Well,St.Patrick'sDayisgettingvery near,isn'tit?Iwouldlikeyoutosend metwodozensmallbuttonsplease, andIwillseeifIcansellthem.Ihave anotherbrotherjustenlisted,andthat makestwoatthewar.Iwillclosenow, hopingthiswillfindyouandthe foundlingsintheverybestofhealth.
Yourlovingniece, JESSIEMAYPUSEY.
Don'tsupposeanythingsocruel,my dearJessie,eventhoughthetimehas beenatrifleoverthelimitsinceyou wrotemelast,IwellrememberJessie MayPusey.Iamgratefultoyoufor yourofferofhelpwiththebuttons. Myniecesandnephewsassistedme verygenerously,andIamverypleas ed.Iamalwaysgladwhentheyhelp me.IamsorryIcouldn'tsendyouthe buttons.The"Record"wasdisappointedinnotgettingsuppliesfrom theEastuptotime,andIcouldn't keepmypromisetosupplymany ordersfrommylitlefriends.Write oftener,Jessie,elseyoumightforget yourloving AUNTBESSY.
Ulsterroad,Albany, March4,1918.
DearAuntBessy,-Isupposeyou thoughtIhadforgottenallaboutyour Corner,butthereisnofearofthat.I fearIamlazyattimes,don'tyou? LasttimeIwrotewewerenearly cooked,butnowwearenearlyfrozen. Youcan'tdependonthissortofweather,itissochangeable,snorelike winterthansummer.Howarethe'Wee ones?"Imustbringmyshortletterto
St.Joachim's,VictoriaPark,Vestry,afterlastMass. St.Patrick's,Fremantle,Presbytery,Monday,8p.m.
St.Anne's,NorthFremantle,Presbytery,Sunday,afterlastMass
St.Mary'sKalgoorlie,Schoolroom,10.15,afterMass.
St.Patrick's,York,School,after eveningdevotions.
St.Patrick's,Maylands,Tuesday.
8pin
St.Joseph's,Albany,Sunday,after Mass.
St.Patrick's,Meckering,Sunday, afterMass. Societyappealsforclothingforthe needy,suchasclothes,bootsandshoes, whichwillbegiventodeservingcases only.ParcelsmaybeleftatShine's CatholicBookDepot,ornotesent Secretary,ParticularCouncilof Society.
Shetopmost*inkeltheLofted
UNIONRua.
SATURDAYMARCH23,1918. THEW.A.RECORD. 17 BOANS'
YOURPURSE! WEARENOWDAILYOPENINGUPAGRAND
These
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for
or
UseiseasilyProcurableatPerth'sBestandMostFavouredPrice.
Aily's
PRICESBEFRIEND
AssortmentoftheSmartestAutumnandWinterGoods
NEWFASHIONSarebeingMarkedatAbsoluteWARECONOMYPrices
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BOANBROSUniversalProviders WELLINGTONandMURRAYSTREETS,PERTH
WINDSOR HOTEL SOUTHPERTH
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CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Harrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly. That'sall.
OURSTORY, Knocknagow
OR,THEHOMES
J. OFTIPPERARY. Welchem.
ByCharles
CHAPTERLXII.(continued).
Gracewasbynomeansunmovedby thepassagesinthisletterinwhich Maryglancedatthesufferingsofher poorneighbours,andthesadchange thathadcomeoverKnocknagow, where,Graceusedtosay,theideamusthavebeensuggestedtoherfavourite poet:-"You'dsweartheyknewnoothermood
ButmirthandloveinTipperary."
HutthatalhisiontoHughandMiss Delanyputherintoabrownstudy. Coulditbethatmattershadgonese farbetweenhimandMinnieDelany? Hehadonlymetheronce,butGrace nowrememberedhewasquite"taken upwithher,"andscarcelytookanynoticeofherself.Gracewasangry,and angryforbeingangry.Forwhatwas ittoher?Thearrivalofthedressfor theball-whichfittedtoperfectien, andlookedevenmorebecomingthan sheexpected-puteverythingelseout ofherheadforanhourortwo.Then, asshesatdowntotakebreath,after tryingtheeffectofallherornaments, strangetosay,shefoundherselfthinkingofTommyLahy.aneducatedgentleman,handsomeandrich--perhaps fmaous-crossingthewideoceanto layallhiswealthandlaurelsather feet.Butthenitoccurredtoherthat themoutsachewithwhich,infancy, shehadadornedhislipwasnotyeta reality,andTommyLahywasdismissedcontemptuously. Whendressedfortheballshewent, aswashercustom,toherfather's study,inorderthathemightseeher inallherglory.Shewasstartled,on entering,toseeamanstandingalone atthetablewrappedinagreat-coat. ItwasHughKearney.Foramoment surprisekeptherfromgivinghimher hand,whichshedidatlastwithout speaking.Healmosthesitatedtotouch thedaintyglove,forhewaswetand travel-stained,therainglisteningupon hisfaceandbeard.Shethoughtthe darkeyesglistened,too,andshewas notmistaken.Ifowimmeasurable seemedthedistancebetweenthemat thatmoment!Shewassobrightand beautiful,sofittedforthesunshine,that todrawhertowardshim,intothe gloomthathungoverhispathway,even ifhecoulddoso,would(hethought) bealmostacrime.
Recoveringfromherfirstsurprise,she becamequiteformal,almosthaughty, inhermanner,asshesatuponachair, attheoppositesideofthetablefrom him,endsaid:"ihadaletterfromMaryto-day,and wasgladtoseebyitthatyewereall well."
Thiswasarelieftohim;ashefeared shemightaskaquestionwhichhe wouldhavefoundsomedifficultyin answering.
"I'lbebackinamoment."saidthe doctor,enteringhastilywithaletter inhishand."0Grace!"-Hughmade asignandthedoctorcheckedhimself. "Youarealreadydressedfortheball," headded;"Isecyouaredetermined tobeearlyinthefield."
housetheballwastowhichGracewas going,andfanciedhecaughtaglimpse ofhercrossingthehallasthecoach plungedintothedarkness.
"There'saballthere,sir,"saidthe guardbehindhim,whothoughthe meanttoinquirewhatitallmeant;for Hughhadwavedhishandtowardsthe lighted-windows. Buttheactionwasaninvoluntary "Farewell."
Gracewasnotthere,however.She randownstairsonhearingMrs.D-'s carriagestopatthedoor,andmeeting herfatherinthehallwrappedinhis cloak.sheaskedwherehewasgoing.
"ToBallinaclash,"hereplied.'Mrs. Kearneygotsuddenlyillthismorning."
"WhydidnotHughtellme?"
"Well,hesawyoudressedfurthe party,anddidnotliketospoilyour enjoyment.HeisgoingtoDublinby thenightcoach."
Shepausedforamoment,looking bewildered,andthenhurriedtothe halldoor,whereaservantwaswaiting toholdanumbrellaoverherwhileshe gotintothecarriage.Herfatherlooked sad,andshookhishead,asheturned intohisstudyforaparcelhehadforgotten.Mrs.D---'scarriagewasrollingupthestreetas11,:.cameout,but tohissurpriseGracemethiminthe hall.
"IhavetoldMrs.D--ofMrs. Kearney'sillness,"saidshe,inalow, firmvoice."Andnowwillyouletme gowithyou?I'llbereadyinten minutes."
"Itisacold,wetnight,forsolonga drive,"hereplied.
"Oh,nomatter.Doletmego."
"Well,then,losenotime."
Sheflewupthestairs,andtherewas nosadnessinhislooknow,andno shakingofthehead,ashegazedafter her,withallafather'sloveandpride. ThetearswelledintoWillieKearney'seyeswhenHughshookhimbythehandinhisuncle'swarehouse.
"IhopeyoufindWillieagoodboy?" saidHugh.
'Nobetter,nobetter,"returnedhis uncle."He'llbeafirst-ratebusiness man."
stances;thoughIscarcelyknowwhy theyshould.Thefactis,wewereall startledtheothermorningtofindall ourcattle,andsheep,andhorses.and, infact,ailwehad,seizeduponbythe agentforrent,anddrivenawayto pound.Whenpoormammaheardthe bailiffsshouting,andsawwhathad happened,shefelldowninafit,and wefearedforsometimeshewasdying. But,thankGod,itisnotsobad,andif Isawanyhopeofherbeingreconciled I'dbehappy." "Idon'tseeanythingtobeashamed of,"saidGrace. "Andyet,"Maryreplied,"people whowouldfawnuponusyesterday wouldnotknowusto-day.Andif Hughcannotprevailuponinyuncleto advancethemoneytoreleasethecattle beforetheyarecanted,Idon'tknow whattheendwillbe.flowwellIcan nowunderstandwhatthepoorpeople sufferinbeingdrivenfromtheirhomes everyday.Ilovetheverystonesof thisoldplace,"shemurmured,with thetearsinhereyes,assheleantout ofthewindow,andlookedroundthe garden,andouteverthefields,and downtothelittlebrook,alongwhose benkssheandherbrothersandsisters usedtospendthelongsummerdays intheirhappychildhood.Andmust theyleaveitallnowtostrangers,perhaps.whoneverheardtheirvery names?Herfatherwasstandingonthe "newditch,"lookingtowardsthatpart ofhisfarmwhichwasaquagmire someyearsbefore,andsheguessed whathisthoughtswere. "Itwasverygoodofyoutocometo us,Grace,"saidshe."Noonecancheer myfatherlikeyou." "Ah,Ioughttohavecomelongago," Gracerepliedwithasigh. "Betterlatethannever,"returned Mary,cheerfully."Andhereissomebodyelsewhowantsyoutocomfort him.1reallythinkhewillchangehis mind,andgiveyouEva'splaceinhis heart."
drivenaway,andthestillnessandthe desolationoftheplaceeversince,were onlytheeffectsofatroubleddream.
Dr.Kielyassuredthemtheaccustomedsightsandsoundsaboutthe housewouldtendgreatlytoMrs. Kearney'srecovery.Andafterhis secondtumblerMauricewashimself again,andabusedoldIsaacPender andhishopefulsoninsosuperlative andoriginalamannerthatGrace laughedasshedidthatChristmasDaywefirstmadeheracquaintance,when, betweenhergravityandhervivacity, Mr.Lowedidnotknowwhethertocall herawomanorachild.
Hughsatattheendofthetable, withhishandontheheadofhisfavodritepointer.Gracethought,ashis darkeyesresteduponher.without seemingtoseeher,thatsheneversaw himlooksosad.Coulditbethatwhat Maryalludedtoinherletterhadanythingtodowithit?
Hewaslookingintothefuture-the nearfuture,andnotthedistant,as washiswont.Theblowthathefeared mustfall,wasonlydelayed.Thelease wouldsoonexpire;andweretheyto beejectedlikeTomHogan,orthe rentraised?Ineithercasecertainruin wouldbetheresultThen,hewasin debt;anduntilhisuncleandDr.Kiely werepaid,hecouldneverhaveaneasy mind.Andhowweretheytobepaid?
"Well,Hugh,"saidthemerchant, whenhehadexplainedthebusiness uponwhichhehadcome,"itisasad business.ButImusttellyouplainlyI cannotdowhatyourequire.Itwould beonlythrowinggoodmoneyafter bad,andIoweadutytomyown children.Yourfatherwasalwayscarelessandimprovident,andIoftentold himhewasafooltoexpendsomuch uponhisfarmswhenhehadnosufficientsecurity.Ilenthimmoneybefore, whichIneverexpecttobepaid.And youknowInevergotapennyofwhat 1wasentitledtobymyfather'swill. 1leftitalltothem,anddependedon myownexertions.AndnowIaskyou isitjusttoexpectmorethanthatfrom me,particularlyinsohopelessabusiness?"
GracelaughedasMr.Lloydrodeby onhisgreyhorse;andthenlooked grave. "'Oh,herearetheHanlys,"sheexclaimed,brighteningup;"andthe ponycomingonquitegaily,andhead foremost.Isupposewemustgodown. By-the-by,Mary,whatabout----"She stoppedinthemiddleofherquestion, whichwassuggestedbyRoseHanly's curls,whichfelloverhershouldersin ringletsthatmightalmostrivalthose inwhichMr.Lloyd'sheartgotsohopelesslyentangledthenighthedistinguishedhimself'asapoet. "Whatwereyougoingtosay?" asked. "Oh,nothing.Letusgodownto them."
Therewasonlyoneway;anditwas 'whenhethoughtofthis,thatGrace sawadeepershadeofsadnesscome intohisdarkeyesastheyinvoluntarily dweltuponher. MauriceKearney's"surprises"were exactlyinhisoldstyle,andhadfor Gracethedoublecharmoffreshness-aftertheartificialmanneroflifeshe hadforsometimebenaccustomedto -andofrecallinghermerrychildhood. Shewasaskedtosing,too;andthe songsandtheoldtunesrecalledthe danceandthehurling,andBillyHeffernanandhisflute,andMatDonovan andthefamousdrum,andthestalwart youthsandbloomingmaidensaround theBushonSundayevenings,when "You'dsweartheykr.ewnoothermood ButmirthandloveinTipperary."
Ah,thecattleandthesheepcouldbe broughtbacktoMauriceKearney's fields.Butcanthesebeeverbrought back?
(Tobeeontinued). ,11111=1.
"Mrs.D-istocallforme,"said she,laughingasshelefttheroom. "Idon'tliketobringyououtsucha nightasthis,"saidHugh,-unlessyou thinkitabsolutelynecessary.Dr. Cusackassuredmetherewasnoimmediatedanger."
"Well,1prefergoingatonce,"returnedDr.Kiely."Willyellhavesome refreshment?"
"No,thankyou.1hadsomethingat thehotel.AndIhavenotimetolose," headded,lookingathiswatch. "Well,Ihopeyouwillsucceedinthe objectofyourjourney.Ifnot,don't forgettoletmeknow.Good-night."
AsHughKearneysettuponthetop ofthemail-coach,regardlessofthecold raindashingintohisface,hecould wishthatthenightandhisjourney wereayearlong.Itgalledhispropd spirittothinkthathewasgoingto beg.Itwouldbeeasierforhimtodie. Buthethoughtofhisfatherand mother,andhissister,hisbeautifuland noblesister,andfortheirsakesheresolvedtomakeanyandeverysacrifice consistentwithhonour.Hebowedhis headandcoveredhisfacewithhis handsasthethoughtoccurredtohim thathemightneverseehismother aliveagain."AndifIfailinmymiseion,"hesaidtohimself,"Icould almostwishitmaybeso.Shewould feeltheblowmorekeenlythananyof us,whenthefirstgustofthestormhas almostkilledher."
Hewasrousedbytheloudbrayof theguard'shorn,and,onlookingup, sawacrowdofvehiclesblockingup theroadinfrontofasuburbanmansion,fromthewindowsofwhichthe lightstreamedoutuponthethrongof smokinghorsesandshoutingdrivers,as theystruggledandjostledoneanother togetOutofthewayofthealci;: coach.Hughremembereditwasatthis
"Iagreewitheverywordyousay." Hughreplied."I'dcutoffmyhand ratherthanaskitformyself.ButI can'tbearthethoughtofseeingthem ruined.Andiftherentnowdue,were paid,Idobelieveitpossible,bycare andeconomy,topayyouafteralittle time.I'llpledgeyoumyhonourI'lldo mybest.'
Afteralongpause,hisunclefilleda cheque,andhandedittohim.
"Itisnotmuchmorethanhalfthe 'sumyouwant,"saidhe,"but1cannot giveyoumore.Andmind;itistoyou, andnottoyourfather,Iamgivingit. Youwon'tgobackwithoutcomingout toseeus?Yourcousinswouldbemost happytomeetyou. "Oh,Icannotloseanhour,"replied Hugh."Good-bye,"Andaftershaking handswarmlywiththesturdygnerchant,whohadsomeofhisfather's brusquenessinhismanner,hehurried outoftheoffice,hisheartsomewhat lightenedofitsload.
"Dr.Kielywilldotherest,"saidhe. ashehurriedthroughthecrowded streets,"Andifmypoormotherhas rallied,withGod'shelp.allwillbe well."
WhileHughKearneywaspicturing Gracewhirlingamongthedancersat theball,shewashurryingtohis -mother'sbedside. Theseconddayafter,sheandMary weresittingtogetherinthewell-rememberedlittleroomupinthesteep roofoftheoldcottage.Mrs.Kearney wasoutofdanger,butitwasfeared shewouldneverwhollyrecoverthe effectsoftheshockshehadgot.The causeoftheshockwaskeptasecret fromGrace;andshecandidlytold Marythatthismadeherfeeluneasy anduncomfortable,for-shecouldnot iinseinewhatmotivetherecouldbefor concealingthecircumstance,whatever itwas,fromher.Maryflushedscarlet asshenswered-
"Well,itisveryfoolishtobemaking amysteryofit.ButIbelievepeople alwaysfeelashamedunderthecircum-
GracelookedveryoftenatRose's curlsduringthenexthalf-hour:and whensheandMarywereagainalone, shewasaboutaskingforanexplanationofthatpassageinherletterabout Hugh'sbeinginlove.But,strangeto say.shecouldnotbringherselftoask sosimpleaquestion. Mrs.Kearneywasreclininginher arm-hcair,proppedupwithpillows. "Ithink,Mary,"saidshe,"Ihearthe sheep." Marythoughtitwasonlyfancy,and merelyrepliedthattheeveningwas eryfine'andcalm. "Andthecows,"sheadded. MaryInkedanxiouslyatGrace,ii,r shefearedhermother'smindwasbeginningtowander. ButjustthenJimDunnwasheard shoutingtoTomMaher;andTom MahershoutingtoBarneyBrodherick: andBarneyhollowingtonooneinparticular-butinageneralway,andfor hisownprivateamusement.Maryand Gracerantothewindow:andthere werethesheepalreadyspreadoverthe lawn,smellingatthegrass,andsnatchingahastynibble:andthenholding uptheirnosesintheair,andlooking allroundonthegroves,andthelimetrees,andtheelms,andtheoldcottage itself,asifadimsnotionhadgotinto theirfoolishheadsthattheyhadseen allthatbefore.Thenthecowsandthe heifersandtheyearlingscamerushing throughthegatelikearoutedarmy; butafteralittlewhilesubsidedinto tranquility,andbegantolowsoftlyin responsetoAttorneyHanly'sherd, whichJoeRussellwasdrivingtotheir stallsfromTomHogan'smeadow.And, tocrownall,Bobbyrushedthrough theopengate,andmadestraightfor thehouseatahand-gallop,twistinghis neckintoeverypossibleposition,and kickinguphisheelsinamostextraordinaryfashion,tillhecameclose underthewindow,andsuddenlystood stockstill.Andraisinghishead'ashigh aspossibleintheair,Bobbybrayedso longandloud,thatMrs.Kearneyand MaryendGracewerefaintostoptheir ears.ThenGracelaughedheroldringinglaugh;andwhenBarney,suddenly rememberingthat"themisthresswas sick,"stoppedBobby'smusicbyclappinghis-caubeen"overBobby'supturnednose,Marylaughedquiteas heartilyasGrace.AndpoorMrsaKearneysmiled,andfanciedshewasquite wellagain;andcouldalmostpersuade herselfthattheshockshegotthe morningeverythingwasseizedand
THEW.IL.RECORD. SATURDAYMARCH23,19111.
ONEOF'FaBESTKNOWNP11,41111" FESSIONALNURSESINFREEMANTUI WRITESHEREMPHATICOPINION 6$QuarryS;reet, Freemaatle.W.A..1.116 (LAMENTSTONICLTD. "Ihavebeennursingforeveraquarter ofacaotury,anditismanyyearssince discoveredthewonderfulvainofyour medicinetosickpeople.Ihavebeenone eithegreatestadvocates,firstinAdelaide andinthisState.Ihaverecommendedit setonlytomypatients,betisassay .a,ttacestopeoplewhorequiredalaud medicinetotonsaptheirsystem,especioilyforweakserves,indigsstioaend Leuralgia.Ihaveneverknownarylhiag thatgiveseachgoodresultsasClements Tonic,andwhatisgoodformypatients isgoodformyself;whenIfeeljailedor langa;.tClementeTonichasalwaysre,,ived me.Ioumayseathisasgootniaklit." (5ignsd) NurseIsabellaNichols MR.MIGUEL,WHOCAYESTHISTESTIMONY,ISAr:ATIVEOFW.A. illsopinionIsworthreadingand romomboring .59H:r.suRoad, Beath-ter WA.,Stf7/16 CLEMENTSTONICLTD. "LastJanuaryIwasveryihwithbad nervvsandanaemia. sai:tredwith nearagiaandgide.,essbesides,Ibad iasosoi.laforabortcismonthsandspent manyrastkssnights.ChenwhenIgot so:bedofamor,,ngIwouldhaveto holdontothebedsteadtosteadymyself iscaseIwouldfall,soyoucanunderstand Iwasveryweak,Onthefccommecdatiou ofafriendItookClementsionic.Imast basetakenaboutsisbottle:.Itimproved heal.b.amrowabletoeatand sleepwellamidammuchstronger.Yea ma)usethisasyouwish." (:.igged)H.Miguel LETCLEMEIITSTONIC&CETWELL ALLiNitiAISTSANDSTORESSELLIT ntoon N.S,W. PrintedandPublishedfortheArchbishopandClergyoftheArchdiocese ofPerth,byThornySlattery,at theiroffice,23Murraystreet,Perth.
