The Record Newspaper 12 January 1918

JapaneseWomenofthePresentDay

ByKiyoIwashita.

Thelanduponwhichthesunofsuggest"creepinglikesnailsunwilling-acompleteequalitywithmen,theempire,areanexampleofthosewho truthonceshone,thesoiloncebedewedlytoschool." Japanesewomenhavemanybarriershavetrampleddownallthebarriers bytheb'oodofmartyrs,thecountry Forgirlsofthemiddleandhighertopassthrough. andarepursuingtheirdesiredaim. whenceenvoyscametopayhomageclasses,therearesecondaryschools,at These"NewWomen"declarethatThequestion,whetherawomancaa totheuniversalFatherofChristendom,leastoneineverybigtown,whichtheyoughttobeasfreeasthoseoftakeherdegreeisstillunderdiscusshutitsgatesoncemoreattheendofprovideanelevenyears'course.Al-westerncountries,andthereforeforcedsion. the17thcentury,allowingnofurtherthoughthefirstsixyearsalonearemarriagesshouldbeillegal.Theyare ThedifficultiesofaJapanesewoman intercoursewithanyEuropeancoun-compulsory,noparentseverdreamofthepioneersoftherevolutionthatisarefurtherincreasedbythefactthat try.WhiletheWesternWorldwaswithdrawingtheirchildrenbeforetheathand,orperhapshasalreadybegun.hertemperamentismoremelancholy busywithcontroversy,whilemanycompletionofthewholecourse.ItTheymayhavebegunwell,butfewthansanguine.Sheisverysensitive, monarchsroseandfell,whilerevolu-wouldbeadishonourforlifeiftheseemtohaveendedwell.Libertywith-althoughshemayshowlittleofthis tionsragedinthecountriesofEurope,childweretostopinthemiddle.Noneoutlaw,freedomwithoutrestraint,outwardly.Therefore,itisonlynatural Japanremainedinretreat,developingbutinvalids,idiots,ormorallydeprav-principlerestingonsentiment,arenotthatseeingtheapparenttriumphsof withintheboundsofhernarrowselfedchildren,whocannotbeassociatedthebasisonwhichtruehappinessistothematerialsideofcivilisation,she untilsomefiftyyearsago,whenthewithothers,areexemptedforthebefounded.Theyarelikefoolishchild-shouldsometimesfeelthewantof AmericanCommodorePellybrokeschooltraining,andthefirstquestionrenwhotrytocrosstheoceanonasomethingbetter,especiallyjustnow intoherseclusion. askedaboutayounggirlenteringintoraft,trustingonlytoafeebleoar.Thewhenthefirstexcitementisdyingout

Oncomingforthfromherretire-societyis,''atwhatschoolhasshewindhasrisenandthetempesthasde-andchangeswhichwerenovelenough ment,Japanfoundherselffarbehindgraduated?"Aquestionwhichnotin-scendeduponthem,theyhavebeentoabsorbeveryone'sattentionhave theothercountrieswithwhomshein-frequentlydecidesherfuture. scatteredfarandwide,andtheseaofsettleddownintoasteadycondition. tendedtoenterintocompetition.To SchoolLifeandHomeLife. lifehasswallowedthemup.They makeupforthedelayofmorethan Duringthoselongyears,thesub-thoughtthattheyhadtriumphedand hadobtainedtheirdesiredfreedom,not twocenturieswasahardtask,andshejeststaughtarenearlythesameas 'knowingtarstheyweremerelythe tookaboldandradicalstep,openinginEuropeanschools.Boysandgirlsslavesofassion. hergatesandwelcomingeverykindofarenevertaughttogetherexceptocca- YetthiPaightheythemselveshave civilisation.Atoneperiod,notcontentsionallyinearlyyearsofelementaryfailed,theyhavegivenalessonto withadaptation,shewentsofarastoschools.Butallthescienceswhicharethosewhostoodontheshoreand imitateandcopyeverythingEuropean.giventoboysarealsotaughttogirlswatchedthem.Therearealreadyin Men,women,andchildrendressedwiththenecessaryaccomplishmentsJapanmarriedladieswithlargefamilthemselvesasEuropeansandtriedtoforherfuturelife,suchassewingandieswhosespiritiswhollyinsympathy beEuropeaninalltheiractions,forcooking.Thereispracticallynodiffer-withtheforwardmovementandwho theythoughtnothingbutwhatcameencebetweenthelifespentbya fromtheWesternWorldcouldbeEuropeangirlandbyaJapaneseuntil arenewstrivingldealstocombinetheoldand good.Naturallythereactioncame,butsheisseventeen.Evenhergamesare Thelimitednumberofoccupations thoughitwasstrongenoughtocheckquiteEuropean:tennis,basket-ball,whichcustompermitstoaJapanese outwardimitation,itcouldnotstoprunningandjumping,shewillsoonbeadisanothercourseofdifficulty.Up thefloodofthoughtalreadysowidelyabletoplaymatcheswithhersisterinto-now,asinallthepagancountries. infused.Dailyandhourly,thenewtheWest.Theboarding-schoolsystemherposition ositioninsociallifehasnotbeen ideasofliberty,freedom,etc.,aregain-alonehasnotyetcomein,asfamilyveryhigh.Itwouldnotbetoomuch inggroundevenasthetidesilentlylifeisstillpredominantinJapan.And saytothatshehasbeenregardedmore creepsupontheshore.Andastheifherafterlifehadundergonetheasa waveswashovereveryobjectthatliessameamountofchangeastheearly servan'tthanacompanion.Till intheirway,sodothenewideasfloodpart,therewould,mostprobably,be7aomr%eyseaarswaffoe,haesvennot takenmeals nowinsome everymind.Notonlythemenwhosenothingofthediscontentandtroublewithherhusband,stilllessdoesshe businessitistolookforward,butthewhicharegrowingstrongereveryday.findherplaceatadinnerofferedto women,too,havefeltthechange. TograspwhytheJapanesewomanthevisitorsofthehouse.AJapanese Althoughtheinfluencetookeffectonofthepresentdayisonthewaytore-husbandprefersthathiswifeshould themmoreslowly,itmaysafelybebellion,itmustfirstbeunderstoodbeathomewiththechildrenrather saidthatthechangeismoremarkedhowhermarriageisarranged,andthanaccompanyhim.Thefamous inwomenthaninmen.Compare,forsecondly,whatareherpursuitsinmar-letterofSirHondatohiswifefrom instance,awomanoffiftyyearsagoriedlife. thebattlefield,whichformanyyears withoneofthepresentday:onecould InJapan,assoonasagirl'sschoolhasbeenheldasthemodelletterofa hardlybelievethemtobemotherandlifeisfinished-inrarecasesevenbe-knight,summarisesherpositionwell. child.Yetthewomanofto-dayisonlyfore;morefrequentlyafterayearorHewrote:"DonotletOsen(thename ontheway,thegoalisbynomeanstwoquietlyspentathomelearningoftheirchild)cry,feedthehorses." reached.Thegirlwholeftschoollast yearfindsherselfbehindthisyear'sflowers,tea-makingandsewing-sheis AWoman'sWorkintheHome. "graduates,"andnextyear'swillhavemarriedwhethershewishesitornot. Tomindthebabies,toprovidethe outstrippedthoseofto-day. Marriages,especiallyamongthebetterclothingandtolookafterthefoodare

WhatDoestheChangeMean? classes,arestilloftenarrangedastheytheonlyoccupationspermittedto Isthechangeforbetterorforworse? wereformerlyinEurope,bythepar-Japanesewomen.These,nodoubt,are eatsonly.Itisnotveryunusualforathenecessarydutiesofawife,notin Nodefiniteanswercanbegiven,butgirltoknownothingofthemanwhoJapanalone,butallovertheworld.A todescribethechangeinafewwordsistobeherlife-longcompanionorofJapanesegirl,however,whosemind -theJapanesewomanisbecoming morelikehersisteroftheWest.Ashischaracteruntilherweddingday.hasbeendevelopedonmodernlines, longasthelatterpushesforward,Thisisconsideredamatterofsmallwantssomethingmorethanmerelyto Easternwomenwillfollowintheirmoment,fortobemarriedisthepoint;sitatherneedleworkalldaylong.She wake,passingintheirturnthroughcareersforunmarriedwomendonotwantstobearealcompaniontoher enterintoJapanesethought.Naturallyhusband.Shewantstoshareallthat thesamestages. parentsareanxiousthattheirdaugh-interestshimandtroubleshim.She Ineverycountrytherecomes,soonertersshouldmarrybeforeitistoolate.wantstotakeamoreactivepartin orlater,atimewhenwomantakesaAgirlhasscarcelybeguntorealisehiswork.Therearealreadysomewodefinitestepforward.InJapanthewhatlifeiswhenshehasinherhandmeninJapanwhogoroundduring momenthascome,butasitisthe20thwhatisconsideredtobeitssolution,thetimeofelectiontosecurevotesfor centuryherstepisdirectedbytheitsobjectanditsend.Shemustoftheirhusbands.Thesebynomeans spiritoftheage.Moreover,asshehasnecessityresignherselfwhethersheisneglecttheirhouseholdduties,butthe begunlate,sheistakingamuchlongerinclinedtodosoornot,otherwiseshepublicdoesnotasyetcommendthem. stepthanhersisterstookintheirtime,cannotbehappy-heryouthinthisAnd,asarule,theoldgenerationlook andtokeeppacewiththem,sheisrespectisanadvantage. onthemwithseriousdisapproval. oftenobligedtorun. Japanesegirlswhoarefreshfrom NowtoaJapanesegirlofthepre-Japanese who Withregardtothesystemofhersentday,whoseeducationhasbeenonschoolarefullofhighideasinaccordtraining,itwouldnotbetoomuchtocompletelymodernlineswithallancewiththespiritwithwhichthey saythatnocountryhaseverwitnessedmodernideasoflibertyandfreedom,havebeenimbuedbytheeducation socompleteachangewithinsoshortandwhosees,hears,andreadsofatheyhavereceivedcuringelevenyears. atime.BeforetheRestoration,thatfreerkindofchoice,thisforcedmar-Therefore,thekindoflifetheyseeall is,before1867,theeducationofariageseemstobeoutofharmonywitharoundthem-alifewithneedlesand Japanesegirlconsistedsimplyinwrit-heraspirations.Itispossiblethatgirlsflowers,withnoreadingandnointeling,thereadingofafewclassics,bothofpre-Restorationtimesmayhavefeltlectualactivity,seemstothemlikea ChineseandJapanese,andthestudythisinsomedegree,suchthingsarecagewheretheycannotexercisetheir ofpoetryandofmusic.Therewasnotnotuncommon;butintheolddayswingstheyhavejustacquired.It asingleschoolwheregirlscouldbetheywerenotsoenlightenedandwere seemstothemasifallthedoorsthat taughtincommon.Theyseldomsetcheckedbythesterndisciplineoftheopenedtoafairhorizonwereclosed, footinthestreet,andscarcelyleftstoic"Bushido."Moreover,theycouldallweredreams,andonwakingthey atleast theirhousesexceptinacarriagewith findconsolationinthethoughtfoundthemselvesstillintheoldand closedblinds.Suchasightasyoungthattheywerenotaloneintheirdiffi-dullvalleywhosecharmsarenolonger peopleofgoodfamilywalkingintheculties, all.charmsbutchildishtrickstothem. Butnowtheyseeadifferentcondition streetorevenridingtogetherwould itwasthecommonlotof Therearehundredsofyounggirls haverousedmuchcomment.Butofthingsallaroundthem;evenatwholongtogoonwiththeirstudies, whentheneworderofthingswasintro-homeinJapanafewoftheircompanoratleasttoremainontheheightto ducedandthefirstexcitementwasionshavebeenallowedachoice,andwhichtheyhaveattained,forknowover,peoplebegantoconsiderhowtheyfeelthattheymuststruggletoledgeisassweettothemasthefirst besttoprovideforthefuture,andobtainitatanycost.Buttheymeetgloryinwartomen.Buttherearestill everychildfromsixyearsoldandup-withthestrongestopposition,especi-manywhodespisescienceandconsider wardswascalledupontoattendschool.allyfromgrandmothersandmothers,itpresumptuousforgirlstowishto Noexceptionwasmadeeitherforthewhosesolewish,indeed,isthehappi-attainit.Theyarecontentedtolet richorforthepoor. nessoftheirchildrenwho,theythink,theyoungreadandlearnaslongas Education,althoughobligatoryonlyaregoingthewrongwaytosecureit.theyareatschool,forthatistheduty atsix,mightbebegunatthree.There ofeveryone,butthedayofgraduation

TheTeachingofChrist. Tothosewhothirstedafterknowledgeandtruth,theteachingofChrist camelikedewupontheparched ground.TheGospeloflightand warmthalonecouldpenetratethedark andcoldvalleywheretheystood.Some havealreadyralliedaroundthemissionerstoleadthemselvesasemi-missionarylife.Theseareknownas'Bible Women,"andtheirwaysareunique, whethertheyprofesstheAnglicanor thePresbyterianbelief.Nodoubttheir heartsaresincereandhonest,but whereisthetrueidealofwomanly purityandmodestytobefoundsave inthatspotlessVirginMotherwhom theCatholicChurchsetsbeforeher childrenastheirmodel?TheBible Womenareoftenlookeddownupon, especiallybymen,onaccountoftheir roughnessofmannerandspeech,for modestyisthevirtuemostesteemed bytheJapanese. Thusthestandardofrebellion againsttheoldtraditionhasbeen raised,notonlyinpaganquartersbut alsoamongnon-CatholicChristians. Catholicsalonehave'notjoinedthe movement,fortothemlifehasahigher meaning,andtheCatholicFaith teachesthemtosubmitinallthingsas faraspossible.Totheoutwardworld theyseemasifasleep,andsomehave thoughtthattheywillsleepeternally, for"Aretheynotold-fashionedpeople engulfedinsuperstition?"ButthearrivalofthePapalDelegatetocongratulatetheEmperoronhiscoronationwaslikeatriumphantentryof Catholicismintothecapital.Thegreat honourpaidtotheambassador,and theroyalguardwhichwashisescort, astonishedthecrowdgreatly.AgentlemanwhohadhadaUniversityeducationexclaimedwithamazement:"I thoughtthePopewasonlyacurioof theMiddleAges!"SilentlyandunostentatiouslytheCatholicismwhichwas thoughttobeasleephasbeenspreadingthroughoutthepaganland.Slowly butsteadil'-likethehiddenfireit onedayenkindlethewholeempire, changingdarknessintolight. TherearealreadyafewJapanese womenwhoareestablishingtrueCatholichomeslikethatofNazareth,and whoarestrivingwithpatienceand prudencetorealisetheidealofaChristianwoman.Afewhavealsofollowed thecalloftheDivineMaster,andare leadingareligiouslifesostrangetothe Japaneseideaaboutwoman.They haveescapedpublicnoticebecauseof theirhumilityandpoverty,though eachoneindividuallymusthavefought herwaytothedesiredendthrough manyoppositions.Thetimeisnowat handwhenCatholicsmustcomeforwardtostandintheranksofthose whofightforabettercondition.But itwillnotbeunderthestandardof rebellionthattheywillstand,but underthatoftruth,fornothingbut thefaithofChristcanbringpeaceto thestrugglingnation.Yetstrifemust comebeforepeacecanbesecured. Happyaretheywhofallfightingin thisbattle,fortheyareneithervictims ofpassionnoroftheworld,buta sacrificeofferedtoOnewhoknowshow torewardthemforallthattheyhave givenupforHim. ItisamomentfortheCatholic womenofallcountriestoprayforthe causeoftheirsistersintheFarEast, forthestrugglewillbehardindeed.It isnotagainsttheoldtraditionsalone aremanykindergartensinJapan(in TheNewWoman. mustalsobethedayofdeathandthattheCatholicwomaninJapanhas factalmostallthelargeschoolshavea Thesecircumstances,thefastdyingburialofstudies."Whatistheuseoftofightatthepresentday.Toher kindergartenattachedtothem),whereoutofthevigourousspiritof"Bushido"readingwhenyoucannotevenmakeitisgiventoupholdtheTruthagainst boysandgirlsoffromthreetosixwhichheldthepassionsinitsirongripyourown'kimonos'orlookafterthethespiritofmaterialismandofatheyearsoldaretaughthowtoplay,toandthewantofsomethingtoreplacebabies?"saytheoldgeneration."Whatismthathascreptinwiththenew sing,tobepolite,andtomakepaperit,togetherwiththenewideasoftheisthy;goodoffiddlingwithtriangleslearningandwhichthreatenstospread flowersandbirds.Mostoftheparents20thcentury,havecreatedatypeofandsquareswhenyoudonotknowlikeanevilmiasmaoverthewhole whocanafforditsendtheirchildrenwomancalledthe"newwoman."These,howtomakeupyouraccountsonannation. totheseschoolsforhalftheday,soliketheirsistersinothercountries,abacus?"Whatcantheyoungpeople thattheymayassociatewithothers. claim"women'srights,"butwhetherreplytothesereasonabledemands?ToMUNICIPALBATHS,COTTESLOE. Forthepoorthereareelementarytheyunderstandanybetterthantheirescapesuchreproachesandpursue schoolsallovertheempire.IneveryWesternsisterswhatawoman'srightswhatseemssofairandbright,isthe SpendyourHolidaysintheBrinyat villageandhamlet,onemeetsveryreallyare,isanopenquestion.Theyobjectofmany;sometryitoneway,Cottesloe,theSafestandBestBeachin earlyinthemorning,boysandgirlsare,inshort,akindofsuffragette,al-othersinanother.ThethreewomeninWesternAustralia,whereyoucanget withbooksintheirhandshurryingthoughtheydonotyetgosofarintheUniversityofTokoku,thesolein-allComfort,alsohireallBathing alonginawaythatdoesnotatalltheirmethods.BeforetheycanclaimstanceofwomenstudentsinthewholeRequisitesattheMunicipalBaths.

IrelandasaSmallNation

ByHannaSheehySkeffington.

(PaperreadbeforeLeagueofSmall andSubjectNationalitiesatCongress inHotelMcAlpin,N.Y.,October30, 1917.)

TheconvenersofthisCongressof theLeagueofSmallNationsaretobe congratulated-theyhaveachievedthe impossible.Theyhaveshowntheway tothebigPowersinthetreatmentof thesmallnations.To-daytheworldis inablazepreciselyoverthisquestion ofthesmallnations,theyarefighting theissueoutinEurope,buthitherto noone(exceptthisCongress)haseven thoughtofdoingtheobviousthingand askingrepresentativesofthesevarious oppressedandsubjectracestostate theirowncasebeforethetribunalof publicopinion.LikeColumbusandthe problemoftheegg,itissoobviousthat noonehasthoughtofdealingwithit injustthatway.Yetthatwaywillbe theonlyfinalsolution,theonlywayof endingwarwillbetoletthesmallnationsstatetheircasebeforeaninternationaltribunalandhaveitarbitrateduponinaworldcourt,thewillof thepeopletobedeterminedbyreferendumorplebescite,andnot(asat present)bythemereaccidentofwhicheversidehasthebiggestgunor thebiggestbattalion.IftheCongress didnothingelsebutmerelypointthe wayitwouldalreadyhaveaccomplishedagreatdeal.

KinshipaTyrants.

Inlisteningtotheremarkablenarrativesofthevariousrepresentativesof thesmallnations-(MayIcongratulatethemupontheadmirabletoneoftheir addresses?)-oneisstruckbythe naturalaffinityoftyrantstheworld over-theymighthavetakenlessons fromoneanothersopreciselyalikeare theirmethods-divideandconquer, makeasolitudeandcallitapeace,put abanonnativelanguageandculture, thepogrom,deportationplantation, martiallaw.Whethertheoppressoris Prussian,Russian,TurkorBriton,his methodsarethesetowardsthesmall nationhegovernsbyforce,andhis mottoalwaysisnotprotecttheweak againstthestrong(asourchairman hasadmirablystatedshouldbethe mottoofcivilisation),butVaeVictis! SympathyfortheOtherVictims. Anothertraitmostoppressorsshare isaprofoundsympathyforthevictim -oftheotherfellow'styranny,that eternaldispositiontodesiretoremove themotefromoneneighbour'seyes whiledisregardingthebeaminone's own.

TradesUnionPrinciplesforNations.

Itistimethatwesmallnationsthen formedourtradesunionagainstour exploiters,recognisedourcommon grievancesandweldedourselvestogetherformutualhelpandco-operation,refusingto"blackleg"oneupon theother.MichaelDavitt,thegreat Irishleader,whenitwassuggestedin theBritishHouseofCommonsthatthe IrishPartywouldgainHomeRulefor IrelandiftheyhelpedGreatBritain againsttheBoers,resignedhisseatas aprotest,declaring,"IwouldnotpurchaseIrishfreedomatthecostofthe libertyoftheBoerRepublic!"MayI suggestthattheattitudeofsmallnationsoughttobeonthoselines,all recognisingthecommonprinciplethat eachhasaninalienablerighttochoose itsownformofgovernment,andthat, asLincolnsaid,"nonationisgood enoughtogovernanotheragainstits will."

Pro-German?

WhenItriedtoformulatethisdoctrinetoasuspiciousreportertheother day,myviewsbeingchallenged,hereplied,"Why,that'stheworstformof pro-Germanism!"Ithoughtitwasthe verybestformofdemocracy.Ishall leaveittoyoutojudgebetweenus.

CaseforIreland.

ToputbrieflythecaseforIreland. SomeseemtosupposethatIrelandwas alwaysinEngland'spossession.We had,onthecontrary,anancientand highlydevelopedcivilisation,stretchingbackintopre-Christiantimes.

WhentheBritishwerepaintedsavages, theIrishwerealreadyacivilisedpeople,tradingwithEurope-inChristian times-anIslefamousforsaintsand scholarsthathelpedtoevalgelise Europe.TherewereIrishscholarsand teachersatthecourtofCharlemagne. NoRomanconqueroreversetfooton Ireland,andourculturethereforeis oneofthefewpurenativegrowths. TheDanescameonraidingexpeditions, butweredefeatedbyBrianBoruat thebattleofClontarf.TheDanesnever didtheIrishmuchharm;theystimu- latedusandhelpedtokeepusonthe alert.Ourtroublesbeganwhenthe Englishlandedin1172underHenryII. Plantaganet.Theysentoveranexpedi-tion-(Bowaliketheseinvadersall are!)-to"help"nativeprincestoadjustadomesticquarrel,andtheyliked thecountrysowellthcttheyarethere eversince,andtherestofthetaleis thesameoidstoryofforeignrule-at-

temptedexterminationofthenative, hislanguage,hisculture(andlaterhis religion),uprisingafteruprisingquelled bysuperiormight.Sometimeswewere aidedbyafriendlygreatPowerforthe timebeingatenmitywithEnglandbySpainorFrance-buttheendsofar hasalwaysbeenthesame-"always theIrishwentforthtobattleandalwaystheylost."

IrishRefusedtobeAssimilated.

Owingtotheamazingvitalityand steadfastnessoftheIrish,theyrefused tobeassimilatedintheBritishEmpire, andstillrefuse;throughElizabeth's warsofextermination,throughCromwell'smilitarymassacre,throughthe risingsof1798,1847.1867,andrecently in1916,theIrishlambhasrefusedto liedownundertheBritishlion,and hasall"therecuperativefacultyof lambs"thatProf.Overstreetspokeof yesterday.TimeaftertimetheBritish dispossessednativeIrish,madewholesaleclearances,puttingapriceupon thenative'sheadand"planting" Britishsettlersthereinstead,thenative Irishbeingdriven,asthephrasewas, "tohellorConnaught"(afterAmerica wasdiscoveredtheyusuallywentthere instead).Butafteragenerationorso theIrishelementabsorbedthe"planter,"andtheimportedstockbecame "moreIrishthantheIrishthemselves."

(InterestingexamplesofthisassimilationfoundinthecaseofbothSkeffingtonandPearse-bothnamesofEnglish origin).HenryNevinsonsaysthathe alwaysfeelsincrossingtheIrishSea, whichseparatesEnglandfromIreland (ashortbutstormytrip),thepeculiar "sea-change,"hefeelsalreadyouratmosphereevenbeforehelands,lappinghimaroundandassimilatinghim! Bethatasitmay,thedominantIrish elementassertsitself,andEnglandhas longagoabandonedtheplantation methodashopeless.WethankGodfor theIrishSea!Thisprocesshasgone onforover700years.Wehavehadfor allthattimewhatBelgiumhashad foroverthree.Atyranny,however, frombeingage-longisnotonthataccountmorerespectable-ratherthe contrary,thegrievanceofgovernment withoutconsentbecomesthemoreintensewithtime.Therehavebeensix armedrisingsinIrelandinthelast300 years-sufficienttoshowwearenot satisfied.

ScrapsofPaper.

Andwe,too,havehadour"scrapsof paper."ThehistoryoftheEnglishoccupationofIrelandisoneseriesof brokentreatiesfromtheTreatyof Limerick,whichKingWilliambroke "eretheinkwherewith'twaswritcould dry,"totheHomeRuleActofSeptember,1914,whichKingGeorgesignedattheopeningofthewar,andwhich Englandhassincedefinitelyrepudiated. Impartialhistorians,andevenEnglish rulers,sometimesrecognisethis.I quotefromMr.PriceCollier'sbookon "EnglandandtheEnglish"-ithasthe endorsementofnolessapersonthan LordRoseberry,whodeclaresthebook tobe"probablythebesteverwritten byanAmericanaboutEngland."If thewordsweremyownIshoulddoubtlessbeaccusedofpro-Germanism.He says: "AnothercharacteristicofEngland andtheEnglishisthatasaracethey havenonerves.Theyareprotected frommostoftheminortroubleswhich dragintotheirgravesothermoresensitivepeoplebyanon-conductorof insensibility.Themostamazingthing abouttheIrishembroglioisthatthe Englishlookuponitasamatterof course.Arewenotthemostjust,the mosthumaneandChristiannation, theysaytothemselves:thenhowisit possiblethatwecanhavemurdered, starved,drivenintoexile,robbed, bribed,andpompouslymaltreatedour brotherIrishman?Buttheyhavedone it-thereisnodoubtaboutthat.Think ofthecallousnessofapeoplewhofor sevenoddcenturiescanliveinsuch relationswithaweakerneighbour.Picturethequiteimpossiblesituationfor theFrench,ortheItalians,ortheAmericans,ortheGermans.Wecouldnot standthestrainofit."

EnglishrulersrecognisethatEngland cutsaverysorryfigureprotesting abouttheinfringementofrightsof smallnationsbyothersaslongasshe treatsIrelandasshedoes.Atthetime thatPrussiaforciblyannexedSchleswigHolstein,GreatBritainrefusedto makeaprotest,forasQueenVictoria (theKaiser'sgrandmother)wiselysaid, 'llowcanwedaretoprotestagainst Prussia'sactiontoSchleswigHolstein whileIrelandisquiveringinour grasp?"IdonotdenythatGreatBritainhasnotademocracyandatraditionofliberty,freespeech,freeinstitutions.Thedifficultyhasalwaysbeen thatshedoesnotexportherdemocracy toIreland,butkeepsallshehasfor strictlyhomeconsumption"onthe premises."Astorecenthistory,Ireland wayforeihh'deprivedofhernative Parliamentin1800,andincorporated

inwhatiscalledtheUnitedKingdom. Allherlocalaffairsaretransactedin Londonsines;ifyouwanttodraina riverinDerry,orinstalanelectric lightsysteminDublin,youhaveto waityourturnuntiltheImperialPar-liamenthastimefintheintervalsof Imperialconquests)toattendtoyour affairs.Wehavenocontroloverthe parishpumpinIreland;theLord MayorofDublinhasnopowertocall outtheDublinMetropolitanPolice. TheDublincitizensareexpectedmerelytopayaheavypolicetax,butin Irelandthosewhopaythepiperhave nottheproverbialprivilegeofcalling thetune.Intimesof"riot"wepayfor thebatonthatcracksourskull;in timesofuprisingwepayforthemilitaryarmyofoccupationthat"pro- tects"us!

InefficientPrussianism. Wenotonlysufferfrom"Prussianism"(forallconquerorsare"Prusian" intheirmethods),butfrominefficient Prussianism.Itisamootpointasto whether,ifoneistobeoppressed,itis preferabletohaveanefficienttyrant whogovernsyousternlyagainstyour willfor"yourowngood,"andisefficientandexpertaboutit,orwhetherthe tyrannyispreferable,muddle-headed, wasteful,andstupid.Togiveafewinstances.In1800wehad8,000,030people;to-day,in1917,wehavelessthan 4,000,000.Nocivilisedcountryhashad suchadrainasthis.Irelandcansupportapopulationof20,000,000people. Then,asthepopulationdiminishes. thecostoftheadministrationincreases --ourpoliceforceisnowconsiderably largerthanitwasonehundredyears ago,considerablylargerthanthatof England,WalesorScotland.Asto crime,Irelandhasamuchlowerrecord thananyofthesebutourpoliceforce isfranklynotacivilforcebutamilitaryoneandtheIrishpoliceman usuallyconsidersit"infradig"tobe calledontoregulatetraffic,ortheatre. andnoonewouldeverthinkofcalling Limtopromotecideratpublicmeetings.Hepromotes"disorder,"and whenevaryouseeastrongbodyof policeatameetingyouinstinctively lookfortrouble.Ourpolicearepaid betterthanourteachers;theyarepart of"Englandgarrison"inIreland. IrelandMoreHeavilyTaxedthan England.

Astotaxes,wearemoreheavily taxedperheadthananypartofEngland.Ireland,before'thiswar,was robbed(asaBritishCommissiontestified)ofoverthreemillionpounds yearly-asmallsuminthesetimes,but weareapoorcountry-andsincethe theexcesstaxhasquadrupled. Whenthewarisover,ifIrelandcontinuesforciblyannexedbyGreatBri-

tain,ourchildrenandtheirchildren shallbepayingacrushingwarburden forthedoubtfulblessingsofBritish democracy.Therearetimeswhen"one paystoomuchforone'swhistle."

Wehaveanimmensearmyofuseless officials-lrelandhasmore"Boards" governingitthananycountryinthe world.Theirfunctionisinmanycases purelyornamental,andtheirdutiesail. Theycomeandgowiththegovern- ment.TheLordLieutenanthasover 135,000 yearlydol..(morethanyourPresident) foropeningbazaarsandlaying foundationstones.Heisassistedby theChiefSecretary(salary54,000dol.).

Hehasaprivatesecretaryandhe againhasanunder-secretary,allwith largesalaries.Theseareaidedbya PrivyCouncil,andsoon.Inaddition, sincethelastrising,wehaveamilitary governorandhisstafftokeepup-"The IntelligenceDepartment"theycallit. Ontheprinciple,doubtless,of"lucusa nonlucendo."OurLordChancellorhas alargersalarythanthatofallthe JudgesinBelgiumputtogether.

"IrelandCanPayHerWay."

UnderanindependentIrishrepublic wecouldeliminatemuchofthiswaste and"Hooverise"ouradministrationto thegreatbenefitofourpeople.Ireland canpayherway.Shehasalargerrevenuethanmanysmallself-supporting nationsinEuropeorSouthAmerica. Ifwehadnot,GreatBritainwould haveprobablygivenusuplongago.

ThecaseofIrelandto-dayisurgent andimperative.Wearenowgoverned bymartiallawforoverayear,public meetingsareprohibited,ourpressisgaggedorsuppressed.WehaveaBritisharmyofoccupationrecentlyesti- matedinParliamentat150,000,three timesthesizeofCanada'sstanding army.Weareruledbyalltherigours ofmartiallaw,liabletomilitaryraids, deportation,imprisonment.Notonly aremenforbiddentocarryarms,but recentlyamilitaryedictwasissued forbiddingIrishmentocarryhurleysticks.ThousandsofIrishmenandwomenhavebeenimprisonedforasserting forIrelandtherightsforwhichAmericafoughtandforwhichEnglandde. daressheherselfisnowfightingonthe Continent.

IrelandfortheIrish.

TheSinnFeinpartyhasadoptedthe motto"Ourselves."Irelandforthe Irish,notIrelandfortheBritish,not IrelandfortheGermans.Theydemand separaterepresentationforIrelandat thePeaceConference,andtherightof Irelandtocompleteandabsoluteindependenceattheendofthewarasone ofthetermsofpeace.Wewantour casetobedecidednotasa"domestic" onebyGreatBritain,butoninterna-

SATURDAY,JANUARY12,1918.

tionallines.TheywantIreland,aswell asEurope,madesafefordemocracy.

BritishProtectorate.

Belgiumhasdeclaredthatshewill notbesatisfiedwithautonomywithin theGermanEmpire,underaGerman protectorate,justasAlsace-Lorraineis notsatisfiedwiththeHomeRulegrantedherbyGermanytenyearsago;so Irelanddoesnotdesiretobeundera Britishprotectorate,buttobereceived intotheworldfederationaspartofthe Europeangroupofindependentsmall nations.AndIreland,aswellasallthe othernations,lookstoAmerica(and shehassomeclaimonAmerica)tosee thatshe,too,getsheplaceinthesun. Shehasnodreamsofconquest,she merelydesirestobeleftalonetofulfil herowndestiny.Ireland'scasewillbe atestcase;ifattheendofthewar Belgium,etc.,arefreed,ifthosenationsunderPrussia,underAustriaand Russiaaregrantedfreedom,andifIrelandaloneisdisregardedbecauseshe isunderBritishdomination,sucha settlementwillnotbereallydemocraticorimpartial,andaboveallsuch asettlementwillnotbefinal,for,as PresidentWilsonhassaid,themost fruitfulcauseofwarsisgovernment withoutconsentofthegoverned.For thefuturepeaceoftheworldIreland mustbegrantedherfreedom.

DifficultiestobeOvercome. Idonotsaytherearenodifficulties. EnglandregardsIrelandnotasanationbutfranklyasher"frontierfortress"tcbuttressupherEmpire.But Itrustthatthedaysofbigempiresare surelypassing-noworldfederationwill toleratethem.Theyareafoetohuman progressacontinualmenacetoworld peace,toculture,tocivilisation.Ire. la-idgeographically,racially,historically,ethically,hasassr:ongaclaimas anysmallnationintheworld.There isonlyonegovernmentopposedtoher claim,anditwillbenecessarytobring thatgovernmentinlinewithcivilisation.ItisnotIrelandthatistheworst sufferer;asinthecaseofalloppressionsitistheoppressorwhosuffers more.Culturally,Englandwouldhave beengreater,freer(fortheBritishEmpireisreallyacomparativelyrecent affair)withouttheseforcibleannexationsandunwillingvictims.England willbeherselfthebetterforitwhen she,too,takesherplaceamongthe smallnations;thefutureworldwillbe aworldofsmallnations,notbigempires.Irelandwillthenbefriendlybecauseanindependentnation.Sheis eagertoendtheage-longquarrel,and goaboutherbusiness.Nowsheisobsessedbyherjustgrievance,asGeorge BernardShaw,thatgreatIrishman, says:"Amanwithabrokenarmcan thinkofnothingbutthatarmtillitis mended."ThewayforEngland,too, liestoPeacethroughJusticeand Liberty.

BecauseIbelievethateachnation hasarighttoitsindependenceandto fulfillitsowndestiny,Iamheartand soulwiththisCongress.Longlivethe SmallNations!

HibernianPicnic

FREMANTLE'STHIRDANNUAL GATHERING.

consideredtheshadeofthemanytrees verydesirable,andforanhourtheir merrylaughterandsociablechatter was"asthemusicofthebirds."At3 o'clockthefollowingracesweredecided,Bros.J.BradyandV.Satieactingashandicappers,whilstBros.B. McCloskeyandT.J.Alfordheldthe tape:-BranchChampionship:D. orien,1.8-11Handicap:T.Jones,1; B.Roddy,2;J.Fahey,3.11-14Handicap:T.Fahey,I,J.W.Kelly,2;H. Condon,3.ConsolationHandicap:J. McCloskey,1;W.Hackett,2;N. Hounslow,3.Cashprizeswereawarded ineverycase.Duringthedaynumerous adultmemberswerepresent,andtheir presencewasmuchappreciatedbythe boys.Averysunburntbutsupremely happycrowdpresentedthemselvesfor teaafteradayofstrenuousandtiring sport,whichonlytendedtosharpen whatwerealreadykeenappetites.The boys,touseamilitaryexpression, "broughtuptheirreserves,"andpresentingaunitedanddeterminedfront. completelyroutedthetemptingarray ofdelicaciesoffering.Therewasnot, wearegladtostate,any"reciprocal firing."Manywerelothtoleavethe spot,butasBro.M.J.Cullity'sexpress waswaiting,therewasnoalternative buttodepart.Mr.P.J.Hevron's "lorrydeluxe"accountedforthesurplusmembers,andFremantlewas reachedalltoosoon,astherideinthe cooloftheeveningprovedexceptionallyenjoyable.Theboysaredesirous ofexpressingtheirsincerethanksto allwhoassistedintheundertaking, particularlyMesdamesBrady,O'Brien, Dowling,Satie,McCloskey,Nelson, MissLee,Bro.M.J.Cullity,Mr.P.J. Hevron,andallthemembersofthe adultbranch.Theoutingwasamost enjoyableonethroughout,inspiteof thedeterminedoppositionofOldSol, anddoubtlesshisonslaughtswereeffectivelycombattedbyprofuseapplicationsofcoldcream,vaseline,andlike appliances.TheFremantleHibernians cancongratulatethemselvesonapronouncedsuccess,quitecharacteristic ofalleffortsattemptedbythem.

NewsfromIreland

Ontheoccasionofhisdeparturefrom KillaloefortheAustralianMission, Rev.M.Fogarty,nephewofMostRev. Dr.Fogarty,andofCanonFlannery, P.P.,V.G.,waspresentedwithapurse ofnotesfromtheSinnFeinClubsof BallinaandKillaloe.

Rev.P.Donnelly,C.C.,speakingata GaelicLeaguemeetinginCarlow,said thewearingofSinnFeinregaliaand singingof"pledgingtheirlivestoIreland"didnotmaketrueIrishmen. Unlesstheyresuscitatedthesoulof Irelandbyspeakingherlanguage,politicalvapouringswereemptythings. UrgingsupportofIrishindustries,he saidhewasgreatlystrucklatelyon readinganaccountofaSinnFein meetingintheMidlandsatwhichthere were2000bicycles,lessthan100of whichwereofIrishmanufacture.

legewerereferredtohewouldgivehim anexcellentcharacter.Theotheraccusedrefusedtopleadortorecognise thejurisdictionoftheCourt.Hickey demandedtreatmentasaprisonerof war,andDwyertobetreatedasa politicalprisoner.

Mr.JamesLeahy,Thurles;Mr.Wm. Denn,Fermoy;andMr.Martin O'Keeffe,Ballynoe,havebeenarrested andconveyedtoCork,thefirst-named onachargeofwearingaVolunteeruniformandcarryingside-arms;andthe othersonchargesofdrilling.Mr.TimothyBrosnan,whowasoneoftherebellionprisoners,andwassentencedto 10years,wasarrestedatTraleeonhis returnfromDublin,wherehehadbeen adelegateattheSinnFeinConventionrepresentingCastlegregory.On hisarrivalatDroghedafromtheConvention,Mr.M.Reynolds,Dunleer,was arrestedonchargesofwearinguniform anddrilling,andremovedtoBelfast. Hewasoneofthosesentencedafterthe rebellion.

Considerableexcitementprevailedin Tralee,when,atintervals,sixyoung men-PatrickCahill,DanielHealy, WilliamMullins,JohnMcGaley,and thebrothersThos.andJamesFoleywerearrestedundertheD.O.R.A.They werefollowedfromtheplacesofarresttothepolicebarracksbylarge crowdsshoutingrebelcriesandhooting thepolice.Thearrestsareattributed toprisonerstakingpartinSinnFein paradesandwearinguniforms.They wereconveyedtoCork. Afterthetrainleftwiththeprisoners,thepolicebatoneddemonstrators, severalciviliansbeinghurt,including ayoungman,DanCourtney,whowas removedtohisfather'shouseunconscious.Courtneywascomingfromhis workwhenhereceivedtheinjury.At thistimealocalpriestwasremonstratingwiththeD.I.Courtneywasattendedbyapriestanddoctor. PatrickHogan,assistantwithMr.E. D.Ryan,draper,Friarstreet,Cashel, wasarrestedandchargedwithwearing anIrishVolunteeruniform,andwith drilling.

MauriceAherneandMartinO'Keeffe, Dungourneydistrict,werealsoarrested andtakentoCorkundertheD.O.R.A.

Alargepoliceforcearrestedattheir homestheleadersoftheCorkSinn FeinVolunteers,andlodgedthemin theCountyGaol.TheSinnFeinVolunteersandtheirofficers,wearinguniform,marchedinmilitaryorder throughtheprincipalstreetsofthe city,andthearrestsweremadeinconsequenceofthatdisplay.Followingare thenamesofthemenarrested:Thomas MacCurtain,TerenceMcSwiney,EdwardLynch,TimothyO'Sullivan, PatrickCorkery,FrederickMurray, JohnHealy,JamesCourtney,and PatrickHiggins.Healy,Courtney,and Higginshavealreadyservedsentence fordrillingintheSinnFeinHall.

dents(2),ArthurGriffithandRev. FatherO'Flanagan;hon.treasurers,W. T.CosgroveandL.Ginnell;honsecretaries,AustinStackandDarrellFiggis; Councilof24members,EoinMacNeill, CathalBrugha,Dr.R.F.Hayes,Sean Milroy,CountessMarkievicz,Count Plunkett,PierceBeasley,Jos.McGuinness,FinianLynch,HarryBoland,Dr. K.Lynn,J.J.Walsh,JosMacDonagh, Rev.M.Ryan,Rev.T.Wall,Mrs.T. Clarke,DiarmuidLynch,DavidKent, SeanTO'Kelly,Dr.T.Dillon,Mrs.J. Plunkett,SeanMcEntee,ErnestBlythe, MichaelCollins.

SHINE'S

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CornerPierandMurraystreets,Pere, AgoodassortmentofCatholicre quirementsinstock.SuperiorAltos Candles,purebeeswax,inthreequad, ties.SuperiorPureIncense.Charcoal andallAltarrequisites.Alll.adia Catholicpapersstocked.

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Merchant, 39$ROHEBYROAD.36BI100. (NearNicholsonRoad), Goodscarefullypacked.Famihei

waitedondaily.Countryonly% attendedto.

Telephone,413373. S.BEECROFT

BUTCHER, 181ROKEBYROAD,sumo°, ONLYPRIMEFRESHKILLED MEATSOLD.

MissM.McMAHON

HasREMOVEDto32PIERSTREET (nearHaystreet),whereshewillbe pleasedtomeethernumerousfriends, andcatertotheirwants. ChoicestPastry,Fruits,andConiestionery.DeliciousLuncheons.

MOANACAFE

HAYSTREETPERT'. ForAfternoonTeaandSuppers. BeautifullyAppointedandTastefully Served.

J.x.J.

OnNewYear'sDaytheFremantle juvenileII.A.C.B.S.heldaverysuccessfulannualoutingatPointWalter. Thegatheringwasbyfarthemostenjoyablethebranchhasyetorganised, andgreatpraisemustbeextendedto allwhoassistedtomakeitso.After assistingatthe9o'clockMassatSt. Patrick's,theboysrepairedtothe ParochialHall,wherelorrieswerein readinesstoconveythemtothelocal Brighton.Thewaywasbeguiledwith thesinginginmoreorlessoperatic styleofallthelatest"hits,"andas thislefttheboysveryhotandflustered,onarrivalatthePointbathers wereatapremium.Dinnertimefound ahungrycrowdofyouthfulIrish-Australianspreparedtodoamplejustice tothepalatablespreadputbefore them.Afterdinnertheboys,feeling verycomfortablydisposedinwardly,

Mgs.Keating,whohasbeenappointedbytheHolySeeChaplain-in-Chiefof theBritishForces,takesoverthe authorityhithertoexercisedbyCardinalBourne.Thenewarrangementis understoodtobeinaccordancewitha suggestionputforwardonbehalfofthe IrishHierarchymorethantwoyears ago.

Prof.JohnO'Neill,RockwellCollege; MartinDwyer,Bansha;andBenjamin Hickey,Lisgibbon,Tipperary,were triedbycourt-martialatCorkinNovemberlastonchargesofwearinguniformofamilitarynature;andJohn Carroll,Hospital,forpractisingaparty ofmeninmovementsofamilitary nature.InProf.O'Neill'scaseheadmittedwearingauniform,butsaidhe wasnotguiltyofanycrime.Hedeclinedtocallwitnessesforthedefence, anddeniedtherightoftheCourttotry him.InanswertotheCourt,hesaid thatifthePresidentofRockwellCol-

AtNenaghayoungmannamed FrankMcGrath,managingclerk,Messrs J.F.TumpaneandCo.,auctioneers, wasarrestedonachargeofalleged drillingandconveyedtoCork.Hewas escortedtothetrainbyalargenumber oftheVolunteers,whosangthe"Soldiers'Song"andcarriedSinnFein flags.Mr.McGrathisawell-known NorthTipperaryGael,beingoneofthe representativesofCountyTipperary ontheMunsterCouncil.HeisamemberofthefamousToomevarahurling team,andplayedintheAllIreland withthatteamagainstKilkennyin 1913.HeisaprominentNenaghSinn Feiner,andwasoneofthetown'srepresentativesattherecentSinnFein Convention.

AttherecentgreatSinnFeinConvention,whennearly2000delegates werepresent,Mr.DeValerawasunani. mouslyelectedpresident,beingproposedbyMr.A.Griffith.Mr.EoinMacNeillheadedby200votesoverthe secondmanthelistofsuccessfulcandidatesfortheSinnFeinExecutive Council..Theresultoftheelectionsfor theexecutiveisasfollows:Vice-presi-

MountSt.Joseph's BOARDINGANDDAY30110014 YORKST.,SOUTHPERT'. ConductedbytheSistersofIL Joseph. ThisBoardingSchoolissituatedfa oneofthemostattractiveandhealthy suburbsofPerth,andcommandsa delightfulviewoftheSwanRiverand City.Theviewfromtheupperportion ofthebuildingisoneofthefinestand mostpicturesque.Thegroundsars ample,andwelllaidout.

Fordelightfulsituation,beautifid scenery,andhealthyclimate,Mt.St. Joseph'sstandsunrivalled.

Thecourseofstudyembracesallthe branchesofathoroughEnglisheduear tion,Mathematics,Elocution,Physical Culture,Drawing,Painting,Music,sad Needlework.

Specialfacilitiesareofferedtopupils desirousoffollowingacommercial courseinStenography,Typewriting, andBookkeeping.

PupilsarepreparedfortheUniversity,CommercialandMusicalExam, inations.

ThehealthandcomfortofthechildrenconfidedtothemarecarefullyattendedtobytheSisters.

Forfurtherparticularsapplytothe SISTERSUPERIOR, Mt.St.Joseph'sConvent, SouthPerth.

TatU9.

CriterionHotel,Perth,Reg.Harrison,proprietor.SwanBeeronly. That'sall.

HibernianAustralasianCatholicBenefitSociety:

(ApprovedbytheHierarchyoftheChurchandRegisteredundertheFriendlySocieties'ActsofAutialasia).

ItsWatchwordsare:RELIGION,NATIONALITY,CATHOLICITY,BENEVOLENCE.

females),demanding

AGraveVerdict

Offar-reachingimportance,asaffectingtheGovernment'sadministrationin Ireland,istheverdictofthejuryin theinquestontheretpainsofThomas. Ashe(saystheCatholicTimes"),the SinnFeinprisonerwhodiedatthe MaterMisericordiaeHospital,Dublin, afterhavingbeenforciblyfedin MountjoyPrison.Yet,butlittleonthe subjecthasappearedinthepressof thiscountry.Inmanyofthedaily paperstheverdicthasnotbeenmentioned.Somethathavementionedit haveeliminateditsstrongestcondemnatoryterms.Inscarcelyanyofthe journalswhichtheBritishpublicread daybydayhastherebeencomment uponit.Thisreservedattitudeofthe journalistsisnotduetoawantofrecognitionoftheimportanceoftheverdiet.ThetruthisthatitisanindictmentoftheGovernment'spolicyin Iraandofwhichtheyarethoroughly ashamed.Theyknowthatitisaterrible reproachtoaCabinetwhosemembers havebeendenouncingPrussianism. Gladlywouldtheyhideitawayoutof sight.Theyaredisturbedbythe thoughtthatitshouldbepublishedby thepressofothernations,thatit shouldgobeforeliberty-lovingpeople intheUnitedStates,andthatthey shouldseehowmuchthesystemwhich itcondemnsisatvariancewiththe principlesforwhichtheAlliesare fighting.Thetopicisundoubtedly painfulowingtotheharshnessand follyandmuddlingofthereactionaries whocontroltheadministrationinIreland.Butitisamistaketosuppose thatbyanyeffortofcensorship,official orunofficial,thesignificanceofthis verdictcanbeconcealed.Thebest coursetoadoptwithregardtoitin theinterestsalikeofGreatBritainand Irelandisthatwhichistraditionally followedinthiscountry.Letthepeople haveafullopportunityofforming theirownjudgmentonwhathastaken place.Letthemhavedetailswhichwill enablethemtoseewherewronghas beendone,seriousblunderscommitted, andtheywillnotfailtostandforright andjusticeandfortheredressof grievances.Thusitisthat,despite forceswhichhavestruggledforcenturiesagainstpopularliberties,they havesucceededinmakinggovernments obeytheirwill,increatingthroughout GreatBritaintheconfidentfeelingthat tyrannyonthepartoftheauthorities willnotbetoleratedandininspiring abroadtheconvictionthattheBritish democracyarealwaysonthesideof fairplayandfreedom.Letnotourdaily journals,throughfalseshameorerroneousviews,deprivethemofthemeans ofunderstandingthecaseofIreland andofproducinginthemindsofthe Irishpeoplethisconvictionthatthey arefriendswhomaybetrustedtosupporttheminthebattlefortheirrights. Thejury'sverdictintheAshecase exposesthefundamentalweaknessof theadministrationinIreland.The systemofgovernmentisnotconducted onpopularlines.Itisnotrepresenta- tiveofthepeople'swishes.Theofficials donotrecognisethattheyareresponsibletothepeople.Inthedayswhen theCatholicreligionwasbannedthe expression,"ItisonlyanIrishPapist," excusedeveryactofaggressionfrom whichtheIrishCatholicsuffered.Todayitappearsasifthesameideapre- vailsatDublinCastleinregardtothe treatmentofIrishpoliticianstowhose aspirationstheauthoritiesareopposed. ThomasAshe,whilstundergoingpenal servitudeinEnglandonthechargeof havingtakenpartintheinsurrection, wasamnestied.Soonafterwardshewas arrestedandconfined,withothers,in MountjoyPrison,forwhatMr.Healy, whorepresentedthenextofkinatthe inquest,called"aspeechoftheusual Carsontype."Inconversationwitha fellow-prisonerhecontrastedthetreatmentmetedouttotheminMountjoy PrisonwiththatwhichtheyhadexperiencedatLewes,where,though, theyclaimedtherightsofpolitical prisoners,nothinghadbeendonetoinjuretheirhealth.Asaprotestagainst theirtreatmentinMountjoy.Prison, theyenteredonahungerstrike.That itshouldhaveoccurredtoanyhuman beingtodealwiththemastheywere dealtwithisastounding.Thebedsand beddingweretakenoutoftheircells, andforfiftyhourstheunfortunate prisonerswereleftwithoutthem.They weresuppliedwithslippers,buttheir bootswerecarriedoff.Withnoother coveringthantheclothestheywore, thoughsomeofthemhadnoovercoats. theyhadtosleep,iftheycoulddoso, onthecoldfloor.Accordingtotheverdictofthejury,abodycomposedof menwhodifferinreligionandpolitics, this"unfeelingandbarbarous"actled tothehungerstrike.Intheirweakconditiontheprisonersweresubjectedto forciblefeeding,whichisdescribedby thejuryas"aninhumananddangerousoperation."ThedangerousconditionofThomasAOleandotherorison. erswateL;oughitothenoticeofthe CastleauthoritiesbytheLordMayor ofDublinandSirJohnIrwin,butthe

warningwasnotacteduponintime tosaveAshe'slife.Forthedelaythe jurycondemntheauthorities.They censurethedeputy-governorforviolatingtheprisonrulesandinflictingpunishmentwhichhehadnoauthorityto order.Itwouldseemfromastatement madebytheChiefSecretaryinthe HouseofCommonsthat,whilstthe prisonrulesareactuallyviolatedthe executivehadnopowertointerfere withtheregulations.Mr.Byrne,however,byreferringtotheactionofLord Aberdeen,who,asViceroy,alteredthe treatmentofprisonersabouttogoon ahunger-strike,showedthatMr.Duke wasinerror.Fromtherefusalofthe ChiefSecretary,ofMr.Douglas,secretaryofthePrisonsBoard,andofmembersoftheboardtogiveevidenceand producedocumentsaskedfor,itis clearthejuryhadamplegroundfor theinferencethatthedeputy-governor wasfollowingoutinstructionsgivenby theBoardattheCastle.

Oneoftheprisoners-whogaveevidence,Mr.PhilipJ.McMahon,stated thathecomplainedtoMr.Munroe,the governor,ofthetreatmenthehadreceived,andtoldhimtheIrishpeople wouldholdhimresponsibleforthe prisoners'lives.Thegovernor'sreply, saidthewitness,wasthattheprison authoritieshadnothingtodowiththe Irishpeople,andcarednothingfor them.Thewordsaccuratelyindicate thespiritofthewholeCastleadministration.Theauthoritiesdonotfeel anysenseofresponsibilitytowardsthe peoplewhomtheygovern.Theylook fortheirinstructionstomeninthe Cabinet,who,insteadofbeinganxious torespectthewilloftheIrishpeople, encourage,oppositiontoit.Thisbeing so,howisittobeexpectedthatthe relationsbetweenIrelandandtheGovernmentcanbesatisfactory?TheIrish peoplearechafingunderasystemof rulewhichisundemocraticandlong outofdate,whichisentirelyoutof sympathywiththeirnationaldemands, andwhichbystupidity,mismanage. mentandblundershasbroughtthe Government'spolicyintocontempt.PersistentandcarefullycalculatedeffortsaremadetokeepfromthedemocracyofGreatBritainexactknowledgeoftheunconstitutionalproceed- ingsbywhichtheauthoritieshave arousedindignationamongstevery classofIreland'spopulation.But, therearesignsthattheywillnotsucceed-signsthatdracontentwiththe Governmentwhosecoercivemethods haveresultedinafailurewhichisnot onlymanifest,butthreatenstobecome disastrous,isgrowingintheconstituencies,andthattheelectorsaredeterminedtoberepresentedintheCabinetbymenwho,whilstworkingeffectivelyforsuccess,willprovethatthey appreciatetheidealsofthedemocracy.

VerdictofThomasAsheJury

TheinquestonthelateMr.Thomas AsheconcludedThursday,November 1.Thefollowingistheverdict:

"WefindthatThomasAshe,accordingtothemedicalevidenceofProfessor51cWeeney,SirArthurChance,and SirThomasMyles,diedofheart failureandcongestionofthelungson. 25thSeptember,causedbythepunish-mentoftakingawayfromhiscellthe bed,bedding,andboots,andhisbeing lefttolieonthecoldfloorforfifty hours,andthensubjectedtoforcible feedinginhisweakconditionaftera hunger-strikeoffiveorsixdays.

`WecensuretheCastleauthorities fornotactingmorepromptly,especial- lywhenthegraveconditionofthedeceasedandotherprisonerswasbrought undertheirnoticeonthepreviousSaturdaybytheLordMayorandSir J.Irwin.

"Thatthehunger-strikewasadoptedagainsttheinhumanpunishmentinflicted,andasaprotestagainstthe menbeingtreatedascriminals,and demandingtobetreatedaspolitical prisonersinthefirstdivision.

"Wecondemnforcibleormechanical eingasaninhumananddangerousoperation,whichshouldbediscontinued.

"Thattheassistantdoctorcalledin, havingnopreviouspracticeinsuch operations,administeredunskilfully forciblefeeding.

"Thatthetakingawayofthedeceased'sbed,bedding,andbootswas anunfeelingandbarbarousact,andwe censuretheDeputy-Governorforviolatingtheprisonrulesandinflicting punishmentwhichhehadnopowerto do,butweinferhewasactingunder instructionsfromthePrisonsBoardat theCastle,whichrefusedtogiveevidenceanddocumentsaskedfor.

"Wetenderoursympathytothere- lativesinthissadandtragicoccurrence."

of Mr.Dixon,theSinnFeinprisonerswho wereexaminedaswitnesseswerein court.

Theverdictwasreceivedwithap- plause,andMr.Dixon(forthenext-of-

MarkDunn

Webb&Webb,PHOTOGRAPHERS,ARTLEALERSandPICTUREFRAMERS.

Enlargementsfrom

WestPerthNotes

Theusualmonthlyprocessionand BenedictionoftheMostBlessedSacramenttookplacelastSundayevening inthepresenceofalargecongrega- tion,andwasafittingconclusiontoa mostholydayofadorationandsuppli- cationtoOurDivineLord,onbehalf ofthosenationsnowengagedinsuch dreadfulhostilitiesagainsteachother. FatherDoocy,inhisaddress,spokeof thegreatfeastwhichtheChurchhad thatdaycelebratedthroughoutthe wholeCatholicworld,namely,thegift ofHolyFaith.Heexhortedhishearers toimploretheDivineInfanttogrant themthegreatgracenevertobe ashamedoftheirfaith,thegiftof whichwassopreciousandsoholy,and thatitmightgodowntheagesaspure andundefiledasonthatdayitwas firstgiventotheworld,whentheMagi boweddowninwonderingadoration andlovingfaithbeforetheDivineMajestyinthehumbleCribatBethlehem nearlytwothousandyearsago. .

InaccordancewiththeexpresseddesireofHisGraceArchbishopClune,theBlessedSacramentwasexposedon theHighAltarafterthe11o'clock MasslastSundaymorninguntiltheconclusionoftheeveningdevotions. Thesanctuaryandaltarhadbeenmost tastefullyarrangedbythegoodSisters fortheoccasion.DuringtheExposi- tionmanyofthefaithfulembracedthe opportunityofvisitingOurDivine LordenthronedonHisAltarofLove, topleadthecauseofpeace,perfectand lasting,forthiswearywarstricken worldofours.

TheThursdayeveningprecedingthe firstSundayofthemonthistheeveningsetapartforthemonthlymeeting oftheSodalityoftheSacredHeartin thisparish,Iwouldremindmembers andthoseseekingenrolment.Atthe lastmeetingtheattendancewasmark. edlypoor.Theholidaysmayhavehadsomewhattodowiththisregrettable circumstance.Surleyitisnottoomuch toexpectofmembersthereservation ofthatoneeveningofthemonthon whichtohonourtheSacredHeartof OurDivineLord.Wehavemanycaresandanxietiespressingonusjustnow, andwherecanwehopetofindpeace andcomfortbutintheSacredHeart, Whohaspromisedtherichestblessings andgracestothosewhohonourHim underthistitle.Letusthenmakethe resolutiontofulfilourobligationsto thelovingHeartofJesusthroughthe comingyear,andtoabidebyit,come whatmay,thatwemayatoneinsome measureforthecarelessnessofothers, andparticularlyforourownlukewarmednessinthepast.Itistheearnest desireofMissAnderson,AL.C.M.,to formatanearlydate,inconjunction withherchoir,anorchestra,compris- ingfirstandsecondviolins,'cello,and flute,andsheearnestlyinvitesthose youngladiesandgentlemenpossessingthenecessarytalentanddesirousof furtheringtheinterestsofthechoirin givinghonourandpraisetoAlmighty God,tocommunicatewithherafter theeleveno'clockMassonSundays,or onWednesdayevenings,whenthechoir meetsforpracticeatSt.Brigid's.

ResultofSt.Brigid'sChurchpost- ponedartunion.Thewinningnumbers areasfollow:Firstprize,blockofland, No.945,MeriRuscevich;secondprize, violinincase,No.1764,T.E.Smyth; thirdprize,handsewingmachine,No. 838,BarrieLeederville.

C.Y.M.Society

Theusualweeklymeetingofthe abovesocietywasheldinSt.Patricks Boys'School,Wellingtonstreet,Perth, onThursday,January3rdThepre- sident(Mr.J.Tully)occupiedthechair,andtherewasafairattendanceof members.MessrsJ.McEncroeandA. Mackeywerenominated,andMessrs DeardonandKielywereelec_edmem- bersofthesociety.Thistendstoshow thatthesocietyisgrowingfastin popularity.Thesocietynownumbers amongitsmembersseveralwhohave madeprogressinprofessional otherwalksoflife,andthereishardly aparishwhichisnotrepresented-even Kelmscott,anditisearnestlyhoped thatmemberswillstillperseverein enlargingthemembership,andmr:ke itasocietyworthyoftheArchdiocese ofPerth.

OnJanuary17ththesyllabusitemis tobea"TrialbyJury,"inthehands ofMr.Marmion,andagoodevening's entertainmentispromises. OnSunday,January20'h,amotor launchpicnicwillbeheld.Arrange- mentsareinthehandsofthesocial committee,fromwhosesecretary(Mr. Oldrini)ticketsmaybehadatIs6(1 each.Thiscommitteeisdoingmuchto furthertheinterestsofthesociety,and memberscanrestassuredthatthis picnicwillbeagreatsuccess,ifthe

workcarriedoutbythesocialcommit-

mendedforthemannerinwhichit wascarriedout.

KilledinAction

ThesadnewswasconveyedtoMrs. F.Smith,Hollandstreet,Geraldton, recentlythatherbrother,PrivateP. E.Murphy,hadbeenkilledinaction onNovember3.Aletter,dated1st October,receivedbyhissisterafew daysago,statedhewasleavingfor Franceinthemorning,sohecould onlyhavebeeninthetrenchesashort timewhenhemethisdeath.HeenlistedinSeptemberoflastyear,andleft thisStateinDecember.PrivateMurphy,whowas34yearsofage,washighlyesteemedandpopular,anative ofNorthampton,andtheoffspringof

HibernianSociety

StaroftheSeaBranch,No.136, Fremantle.

OnNewYear'sEvetheabovebranch metforitsusualfortnightlymeeting,Bro.T.J.Alfordpresiding.Theminutesofthepreviousmeetingwereread and heldconfirmed.Correspondencewas received.Reportswerereceived fromthejuvenilepicniccommittee. Sickpaywaspasedforpaymentto Bro.M.McCusker.Asocialistobe heldnextmeetingnight,theoccasion beingtheannualvisitoftheD.B., whenBro.JohnHealy,P.P.,istobe presentedwithaP.P.certificate.

TheFoundlingDome

TheSistersofMercywishtoacknow- ledgegratefullythefollowingdonations totheFoundlingHomeforDecember, 1917:-

AFriendfromDayDawn,£22s;Mrs. S.McCarthy,RailwayHotel,£55s;Mr. C.Colgan,favourreceivedthrough LittleFlower,10s;Mr.M.J.Riley,CommercialHotel,Kalgoorlie,collec- tionbox, lls;Mrs.Morgan,Bar- deen,£1;Mr.Frick(MooreandCo.), O.Is:MissConnieJohnson,2s6d; IrishNationalForesters,perMr.Davidson,£66s;BrennanBros.'employees, perMrs.MansfieldandMr.Dwyer,en- tertainmentforcot,£6;perMiss O'Rourke,entertainmentatDwellingup,£143s4d;Mrs.Norrish,OakFarm, 13roomehill,£1Is;Mr.C.Edwards,per Mrs.Finlay,Subiaco,£1ls;MissFinlay,Parrystreet,£1Is;inhabitants ofKurrawang,perMrs.W.Flood,£5; perMissAngland,Westonia,£18s. CollectionsforDecember,1917. sd M.M.B.,EastPerth(including donationsacknowledged)596

FrankMitchell 573

WillieO'Neill 403

UnaRodoreda 377

EllenDunn 326

MinnieBourke 320

OlgaBerghofer 266

MaryMcCarthy- 260

MollieLynch 230

IvySharp 206

AlvaPowell 1173

MissFlemming 1142

Mrs.Mansfield(includingen-tertainment)

6150

£43116

Lock,2dozen; thecollector,15dozen.

A spentveryenjoyableeveningwas bythechildrenoftheorphanage ontheoccasionwhenMrs.Ashbyand LeedervillefriendsdistributedtothemsurpriseChristmasgiftsofhandker- chiefs,sweets,etc.TheSistersdesireto thankthemfortheirgenerosityand theinteresttakeninthechildren.

Acknowledgments

Mrs.Harrapeet,Coolup,7s6d.

Mrs.Helbert,Armadale,£310s.

Mrs.J.O'Donoghue,Perth,13s.

VeryRev.FatherMorris,EastGuild- ford("Records"soldatchurch),£21 10s.

Mrs.H.Chitty,Batbatting,12s6d.

Mr.H.Lake,Bridgetown,lOs10d.

Mr.A.G.Dent,Collie, 6s.

Mrs.Leitch,Leonora,5s6d.

Mrs.Ryalls,Parkerville,3s3d.

Mrs.Mulchinaugh,Kalgoorlie,lls6d.

Rev.FatherCrowley,Highgate,El 12s6d.

Mr.T.J.Crogan,Coogee,£1. SubiacoChurchsales(perRev.J. O'Grady),£65s. ConventofMercy,VictoriaSquare, £12s.

Mrs.Tranter,ArthurRiver,lls6d. Rev.J.O'Reilly,Wagin("Records" soldatchurch), 10s. InspectorHoulahan,Northam,lls6d.

Mr.P.Teehan,Jarrandale,2s. St.Patrick's,WestPerth,7s3d.

Mr.Antonio,Katanning,13s.

Mr.J.J.Fitzgerald,Perth,lls6d. Cathedral,£116s.

PRIVATEPHILMURPHY.

PRIVATETHOMASMURPHY. enoldmilitaryfamily,andanoldC.B. Collegeboy,hebeingthesecond youngestsonofthelateCol.-Sergt.J. Murphy,whohadfoughtinseveralof i:1earlydayengagements.Hisyounges'brother.PrivateTomMurphy,was killedinactiononJune10th.Heleaves bereavedthreesisters,MrsF.Smith (Geraldton),Mrs.J.W.Griffin(Yuna), andMrsWWillis,andthreebrothers, Mr.IB.Murphy(Carnervon),Mr.J. W.Murphy(Prothero),andMr.A. Murphy(Murchison),towhomweextendour*deepestsympathy.

TheSistersofMercy,St.Joseph's Orphanage,Subiaco,desiretoacknowledgewiththanksthefollowingdona- tions:Mrs.Brennan,Perth,£2;PerthCity Council,onbehalfofS.McKay,per Mr.Deakin,£15s;BoanBros.,perMr. Deakin,£1Is;Mrs.McCarthy,Railway Hotel,£1ls;Mr.J.Prendeville,Fremantle,£1Is;Mrs.Godwine,£1Is;Mr. J.Butler,Mogumber,£1;Mr.Berryman,Perth,£1;Mrs.Morgan,Northam, AFriend,Collie,£1;AFriend,Wellingtonstreet,Perth,il;AFriend, Kalgoorlie,£1;BarmaidsandBarmen's Union,lOs6d;ANurse,Fremantle, 10s;Mrs.Carroll,Perth,4s;H.andE. McCartney,RechabiteCoffeePalace, 10s;AFriend,NorthPerth,sweets; Mr.Cahn,Subiaco,sweets;LadyEllisonMacartney,GovernmentHouse,box ofsweets;AFriend,Wellingtonstreet, Perth,sweetsandvegetables;MissMcDermott,Haystreet,Perth,sweets; Plaistowe,sweets;Mrs.J.Prunster, York,boxofeggs;Mr.Patterson,Kellerberrin,twocasesoftomatoes;Mrs. Wing,SubiacoHotel,ham;Mr.J. Murphy,ham;collectedbyschool children,EastGuildford,15dozeneggs; collectedbyschoolchildren,Midland Junction,31dozeneggs;collected

People,Placesand-Things

SONNETTOTHEQUEENOF PEACE.

FairQueenofPeace,untoouraidincline, Forthoucan'stsave'midhoursof Whilstdarkdespair; horridscenesofbattleevery- where, Withfamine,pestilence,anddeath combine, Despoilinglandsonce.markedby fruitfulvine, Heartweight-brokenmothers,bowedby ofcare, Bewailtheirsonswithmanyatearful prayer. Theydiewithoutagrave;noflowers entwine Therowsofthosewhoperishinthe call, Nostoneshallmarktheplacewhere they'arelaid, SweetQueer'ofPeace,0hearken,then, we-pray; Dispeisethecloudsofgloom,those tearsthatfall; Ifthouwiltpleadforus,0stainless Maid, Themornofpeaceshalldawnwith goldenray. -Mary-CeciliaCleary.

"TheGreatWarhasplacedthe dynasdcprincipleonitstrial,"saysthe"NewEurope."Mysterystillsurrounds thecotapseofMontenegrointhe autumnof1915;butitisnowknown thattheKing'sthirdson,PrincePeter, hadasecretmeetingatBudva,inDal- matia,inMayofthatyear,withthe former'Austro-HungarianMilitaryAttache,ColonelHupka;thattelephonic communicationwasattimesmaintainedbetweenCetinjeandCattaro;that bytheKing'sorderstheMontenegrin armyremainedabsolutelyinactiveformanymonths,andthatGeneralJan- kovic,theiSerbianGeneral,sentto CetinjeattheTsar'sinstance,andhis successor,ColdnelPesic,werehampered ateveryturn;thatanagentofPrince DanilonegotiatedinSwitzerlandwith anagentoftheCentralPowersfora separatepeaceduringtheBulgarian onslaught:thatPrincePeter,onhis father'sorderwithdrewtheMontene- grintroopsfrem.thekey-positionof MountLovcenat.thecriticalmoment andallowedtheAustrianstoenteralmostunopposed;andthattheKing, disregardingtheunanimousresolution ofhisParliamenttofighttotheend, telegraphedtotheEmperorFrancis JosephandBaronBurian.Itwasonly theinvadingAustrianGeneral'sexces- siveconditions,andthesternattitude ofhisownofficers,thatfinallydeter- minedKingNicholastoretireto MeduaandsotoItaly-thebulkofhis armyhavingmeanwhilebeencaught helplesslyinatrap.But,asiswell known,PrinceMirkowasleftbehind toreinsureMontenegrowiththeCen- tralPowers.

e

Doesitpaytoprayinthearmy?

Therearesevenlads,atleast,atCamp Meadewhothinkitdoesnow(saysanAmericanCatholicexchange).

Thereisacertainlittlefellowin campwhodroppedtohiskneesevery nightbeforehegotunderthecoversto "squarehimself"withGodbeforehe passedintoslumberland.Andinthe morning,whenreveillewassounded,he swungoverthesideofhiscot,landed onhiskneesandthankedtheGreatMakeragainforHiscountryandasked himtoguidehisfootstepsduringthe day.

Strangeasitmightseemthislittle fellow,GeorgeEckhardt,ofBaltimore, wastheobjectofcriticismand"hoots" fromsevenofhiscomradeswhohad cotsnearhisinoneofthebarracks.It wasthesamestoryeverynightandthe samestoryeverymorningforawhile. "'Wheredoyougetthatstuff?"

"AskHimtogetyouexempted.""Cutitout."

Theseweresomeofthemanythings jeeringlyshoutedatthelittlefellow everynightandeverymorning.Heonlysmiledand,insteadofbeingdiscouraged,asonemightexpect,the littlefellowaddedaprayerforthose whomockedhisfaithinGod.

Thecaptainofthecompanyheardof theaffair,andhemadeithispointto watchandlisten.Forthreenightshe observedthesameconditionofridicule inwhichthelittlefellowwasplaced. Onthethirdnighthebrokeinupon them.

Thesevenweretoldathingortwo, deprivedofalllibertyforthirtydays, andgivenextradutyasapunishment.Turningtothelittlefellowonhis knees,thecaptainsaid:"IshallrecommendPrivateEck- hardt,thatyoubemadethefirstsergeantofthiscompany,"andhewalked fromthebarracks.. theTheregimentalcommanderapproved recommendationandthelittlefel- lowisnowthetopper."

Forthefirst.timeanout-doorproces- SionoftheBlessedSacramenttook placeinOctoberlastinthestreetsof Petrograd.

LastOctobertherewere200,000 CatholicsbearingarmsforUncleSam, andsincethenthousandsmorehave joinedthecolours.

TheRev.JamesL.Gordon,ofthe FirstCongregationalChurch,Washing. ton,D.C.,preachingasermononarecentSundaymorningon'TheCatholic ChurchfromtheviewpointofaProtestantminister:itshistoryandsplendid co-operationduringthepresentwar," said:

"Ihaveseenfitattimestocriticise thePope'sPeaceNotetotheAllied GOvernment>.Mysermonthismorning istocallattentiontomanyexcellent featuresoftheRomanCatholicfaith. -Catholicshavealreadyshownhow loyaltheycanbetothecountryduring thesetimesofstrife.Theyarejustas loyaltotheirChurchandwecanlearn manylessonsfromthem.

"Iliketheprominencegiventhe Crucifixionintheirservices,their Motherof.Godideaasanexpression oftheheartside,thedevotionofthe laityshownintheirattendanceatall services;theirconfessional,which1 firmlybelieveshouldfindaplacein someformorotheramongother creeds,andIenvytheCatholicstheir symbol,theCross."

TheprovincialoftheMaryland-New YorkProvinceoftheSocietyofJesus, VeryRev.AnthonyMaas,S.J.,ofNew York,onNovember16receiveda cablegramfromthePapalSecretaryof State;CardinalGasparri,announcing thattheHolyFatherhadgranteda dispensationfortheordinationofRev. HenryJ.Wessling,S.J.,whohasbeen blindsevenyears.Heisanativeof Boston,andasonofthelateHenry Wessling,ofRoxbury,whowasalead- ingCatholicofthatcityandapro- minentfigureintheFederationof CatholicSocieties.Mr.Wesslingis30 yearsold,andhasbeepforsometime amemberofthefacultyoftheCollege ofSaintFrancisXavier,NewYork. Whilemakingexperimentswithchemicalsin1910inSaintCanisiusCollege, Buffalo,anexplosionoccurred,which deprivedhimofsight.Notwithstand-ingthisterriblehandicap,hehasdone notablygoodworkeversinceforthe ChurchandtheOrdertowhichhebelongs.Hewill,webelieve,bethefirst blindmaneverordained.

ProfessorJamesC.Monaghan,a well-knownCatholiclecturer,teacher,writer,andUnitedStatesConsulin Kingston,Jamaica,diedonNovember

12.Mr.MonaghanwasanativeofBostonand60yearsold.liestudiedina schoolconductedbyChristianBrothersandgraduatedfromBrownUniversity,Providence,whichconferred onhimthedegreeofMasterofArts andDoctorofLiterature.Hewas awardedtheLaetareMedalbythe UniversityofNotreDamein1908.He servedaspresidentoftheNewYork SchoolofTechnology,ontheSchool BoardofProvidence,andwasamemberofthefacultiesofNotreDameUniversity,St.John'sCollege,Brooklyn, theUniversityofWisconsin,and GeorgeWashingtonUniversity.He wasconsultoMannheimandChemnitz,Germany,,respectively,beforehis appointmenttoJamaica.Hepromoted thecauseofinternationaltradeandindustrialarteducation,particularlyby hiswritings,whichwerepublishedasreportsbytheGovernment.Fora timehewassupremenationallecturer fortheKnightsofColumbus.Hemade hishomeinBrooklyn.

Saysthe"S.H.Review,"aBoston paper:"Thesmugnessofourmoral securityhasreceivedajoltfroma Japanesewriter,whosaysthat'with theintroductionofWesternnovels, plays,andmovingpicturesourold Japanesemoralsaregoing.'UponinvestigationwefindthatJapanleads inthenumberofdivorcesgranted, withAmericasecond.Bothhavemuch todointhewayofreformingmorals."

AugustRodin,theFrench,sculptor. dieda,hisresidenceinMeudon,U.S.A.,lastNovember.Mr.Rodinwas anativeofParisand77yearsold.For halfacenturyhehadtocontendwith povertyabuse,andridiculeinhis struggletoachievesuccessinhis chosenfield,butheeventuallybecame oneoftheworld'smostfamous artists.Hisworkwasmarkedbyunconventionalideas,andhewasofthe impressionisticandinspirational "school."Hebegantowinrecognition in1880,aftertheexhibitionofhis statueofSaintJohntheBaptist.Thefigureof"TheThinker"isoneofthe bestknownofhisworksinAmerica, andhasbeenexhibitedincastinthe Metropolitan_MuseumofFineArts, NewYork,andotherplaces.His bronzebustof"LaFrance':waspre- sentedtothe.UnitedStatesbythe peopleofFranceonthe-occasionofthe tercentenarycelebrationofthediscoveryofLake.Champlainandis mountedonamonumenttoChamplain atCrownPoint,NewYork.

Byallmeans(saysanArrireicancontemporary)giveourbravesoldierlads allthecomfortsandpleasuresthatcan besuppliedthem,butletusCatholics refrainfromjoininginthepopularcry thatlawfulamusemnetswillsafeguardyoungmenagainstimmoralinfluences. Ourcontemporary"America,"says truly:"Religionistheonlysafeguard ofmen'spurityandwoman'shonour. Whynotfacetheproblemmanfully, andapplytheremedybravely?Why not?Thatwouldmeanthesystematic teachingofreligiontoourboysand girls,and'Romemustnevercon- quer'."

AnEnglishclergymanrecentlystated thathewasbroughtinto.theChurchthroughreadingFroude.CecilChestertonoweshisgiftoftheCatholicFaith toHuxley.Mrs.PhilipKearney(wife ofGeneralKearney,U.S.A.),wascon-vertedbyreadingCatholicbooksinan endeavourtofindreasonsthereinfor keepingoneofherrelativesfromembracingtheFaith.

Inhisnewbook,ShaneLeslietells usanamusingstoryofWilfredBlunt, who,EiiglishoftheEnglish,lovedjus- ticesomuchthatBalfourthrewhim intoprisonforhisaidtothecauseof Ireland.Someofhisfriendsafterwards showedKingEdwardaphotographof Bluntinhisconvict'skit.TheKing

waspuzzled,andaskedwhatwasthe uniform."ItisyourMajesty's,"hewas informed.OfthegentlewaysofEton students,Mr.Leslietellsussomegood stories:"Oneyoungnobleman'ssonintroducedhimselfasLordC-,sonof EarlC-.Thewholeschoolkicked himtwice,onceforLordC-and once'forEarlC-.Thisstoryiscap- pedbyonefromHarrow,whereafor- eignprinceattheschoolwasonce mentionedasacandidatefortheSpan- ishthrone.Thepoorboyhadtobe removed,ashalftheschooltookthe necessarystepstobeabletoboast afterwardsthattheyhadkickeda KingofSpain.

Correspondence

CATHOLICSANDEDUCATION.

TotheEditor. Sir,"DoIsleep?DoIdream, Orisvisionsabout?"

ThequestionofTruthfulJamesleapt tomylipswhenIreadtheastounding articleby"Benedict"inarecentissue ofthe"Record,"inwhichheappeals- "totheparentstogivetheir'child-(howisthatfdrlimitation)-theop- portunitytowhicheverychildisen-titled,andforwhichtheStatesolavishlyprovides."thatwouldbeall right-exceptthelimitationclause-if "Benedict"werereferringtoscholarwhichtheStateallowstobe takenoutinCatholicschools;butfur- theronhesays:"WhatIwishtoemphasiseisthis:theseStatesecondary schoolsarethere-(Ithoughtthey werehere)-theyhavebeenerected andarebeingmaintainedbyCatholic taxpayersinproportiontoournum- bers.Whyshouldwenotusethemin thesameproportions?"Itdoesnot followthatbecauseathingis"there" thatit Divorceshouldbeused,"Benedict."The Courtis"there,"andwecer- tainlyshallnotuseit"inthesame proportions.""Benedict"shouldknow thatwehaveCatholicsecondaryschools,andthatpriestscanreruse Absolutiontoparentswhotakethe "benefit"ofwhat"theStatesolavishlyprovides"initsGodlessschools.ConsideringthattheactionoftheChurch isso,shallIsay,extremeinthismatter,Ithink"Benedict"hadbettergive overemphasisingsuchanti-Catholic ideasasthosewhichthecourtesyof the"Record"allowedhimtodoon December29th.-Yours,etc., DELIADOOLEY,MA. Menzies.

ArchbishopMannixatfrankstonPark

AGREATADDRESS.

OVER50,000ATTEND.-

AstheArchbishopmadehisway withgreatdifficultytotheplatform,a perfecttornadoofcheers,accompanied bythewavingofhatsandhandkerchiefs,arose,anditwassometimebeforethemostrev.prelatecouldcommencehisspeech. HisGracesaid:Whoeverconceivedtheideaofthis Catholicexcursionhasbeenveryfortunateindeed,becausehismostsanguineexpectationshavebeenexceeded. (Applause.)Icanonlyexpressthe hopethattheexcursionwillbean annualevent,thatitwillalwaysbeas greatasuccessasithasbeento-day, andthatitwillbearfruitinmanydirectionsthatperhapswedonotnow anticipate.(Applause.)Itwouldbea mistakeonmypart,itwuoldbeungraciousandinsincereofme,ifIdid notacknowledgethatthisenormous gatheringisintendedbyitsmagnitudeandenthusiasmasaproofofyour loyaltyandaffectiontowardsmepersonally.Imakenoclaimtosuchareward.ButIamdeeplytouchedbythe generosityandgoodnatureofmyAustralianfriends.(Applause.)Thevery leastIcandoinreturnforyourkindnessistowishyouallaveryhappy ChristmastimeandaprosperousNew Year.(Applause.)IhopethattheNew Yearonwhichweareabouttoenter willbringpeace,notmerelytoAustralia,buttothewholeworld.(Applause.) AustraliaaFreeCountry. Wehavebeenpassingthroughvery strenuousandveryanxioustimes.Rich andpoorandhighandlowwereallinterestedintheconscriptionissue.(Applause.)Nowthatithasbeendecided, IdaresaythatmostofthoseheretodaywillthankGodthatbytheverdict ofthepeopleAustraliaremainsafree country.(Applause.)Thisisnotthe timenortheplacetosaymuchabout thegreatcontestthroughwhichwe havepassed.NorhaveyouandImuch interestinthenewbattleraginground Mr.Hughes.Thosewhoweresupposed tobefriendsofthePrimeMinistera fewdaysagoarenowreadypolitically torendhiminpieces.(Applause.)Alreadytheyareputtingthewhole blameoftheirfailureuponhim.Nothingsucceedslikesuccess;nothing failslikefailure.Itisjustthethingto beexpected,butstillitisabitterthing forMr.Hughesthathisfriends,or thosewhopretendedtobehisfriends, havealreadyturneduponhimasifhe weretheprimecauseoftheirdiscomfiture.Sofarasweareconcerned,we donotwanttointerfereinthatfamily dispute.(Laughter.)But,infairness, Ithinkwemaycontinuetobelieve thatifMr.WilliamMorrisHughes couldnotsucceedincarryingconscription,nooneofhisfriendswouldhave succeeded.(Applause.)Itisverylittle useforthemtosaythatiftheconduct ofthecampaignhadbeeninother handstheissuewouldhavebeendifferent(Applause.)Itwouldnothave beendifferent.(Applause.)Thecommonsenseofthepeoplewouldhaverejectedconscription,nomatterhowor bywhomtheissueweresubmitted. Isaidmorethanayearago,when theconscriptionissuewasfirstput, thatitwouldnotsiteasilyuponthe shouldersoftheAustralianpeople,and thatif,byanymischance,conscription werecarried,therealtroublesofthe Governmentmightthenbeexpected tobegin.(Loudapplause.)Ithasbeen saidbysomepersons,however,during therecentreferendumcampaignthat ifconscriptionwereagaindefeated someothermeanswouldbefoundto enforceit.Tothat1saythatAustralia istoostrongforthesepeople,nomatterwhattheirmethods.(Applause.)No manandnoGovernmentwoulddareto floutthetwicedeliberatelydeclared willoftheAustralianpeople.(Applause.)Mr.Hughes'lighthasgone out:thereisatotaleclipse;thesignals areupagainsthim(Applause.) SectarianismGetsItsDeathBlow. Therearetwoorthreethingsinconnectionwiththerecentreferendum campaigntowhichIwouldliketocall yourattention.Thefirstlessonofthe campaignisthatsectarianismhasgot asevereblow-Ihopeits'deathblowinAustralia.(Applause.)Mr.Hughes andthoseassociatedwithhimopenly pinnedtheirfaithinthemostshamelesswaytosectarianismandracial hatredTheythoughtthatbystirring upreligiousbigotryandthejealousy andanimositywhichtheysupposedto existagainstIrishCatholicsandtheir descendants,theywouldsucceedin carryingconscription,whichtheydid rotexpecttheywouldcarryotherwise. Theyarewisermennow.(Applause.)

fortheirownpoliticalorsectarianpurposes,wouldattempttodriveawedge betweenthosewhodonotworshipat thesamealtar.(Applause.)Thatis thefirstlessonofthereferendumcampaign.

DutytoAustralia.

Secondly,thecampaignhasproved thevalueandnecessityofthesolidarityofallthosewhoarereadytoput Australiafirstandeveryotherplace secopd.(Applause.)Australiansare loyaltotheEmpire,andeveryreasonableand,legitimatedemandupontheir loyaltywillbemetandhonoured. (Applause.)Theyarereadytofulfil everyobligationthattheyowetothe Empire,buttheirprimaryobligation -theobligationthatdominatesevery other-isloyaltytoourownAustralian land.(Applause.)

ThethirdandlastlessonwhichI drawfromtheconscriptioncampaign justendedisthatwebadlywantin Australia-wewerenevermoreconvincedofitthannow-anhonestpress. (Applause.)Ifthe"Tribune"or"Advocate"werepublishedeverymorning, insteadofonceaweek,Ifeelsurethat themajorityagainstconscriptionwould easilyhavebeenthreetimeswhatitis. (Applause.)Fromthebeginningof thiscampaignthedailypapershave deliberately,systematically,andunscrupulouslysuppressedeverything thatwouldtellagainstconscription. (Applause.)Theydideverythingthey couldtodistorttheviewsofthosewho triedtoplacetherealissuesbeforethe people.Therewasnoredress.Theopponentsofconscriptionmightspeakto afewthousandpeople-perhapsonoccasiontherewere50,000or100,000-(applause)-butthedailypaperssaw toitthattheirwordsdidnotreacha wideraudience.Itwasonlytheconscriptioniststhatwereallowedtospeak tothebigdailyaudiencereachedby thepress.IfAustraliaistobeafree andwell-governedcountry,itspeopletheyarethegovernors-musthavea well-informed,impartial,honestpress. (Cheers.)Theneedisspeciallyurgent atsuchacriticaltimeasthatthrough whjchwehavepassed.(Applatise.)We havebeensavedthistime,notthrough thepress,butinspiteofit,andsolely throughthecommonsenseofthepeople themselves.JustnowIcanonlyprotestagainsttheunfairnessofthepress ofMelbourne,and,indeed,ofthepress ofthewholeCommonwealth,withfew exceptions.(Applause.)Idohopethat sometimeamoreeffectiveprotestwill bemade,thatsoonerorlaterthepeople ofVictoriawillnotbedependentupon thepaperswhichhavebetrayedtheir trust.Weneedapaperthatwilldothe fairthing;apaperthatwillnotset itselfsympatheticallytostifleevery opinionbutitsown.(Applause.)Ido notsayitshouldbeaCatholicpaper. Itmaybertniondemocraticlines;it mayberun,possibly,byabodyofindependentmen,attachedtonoparticularparty;theonethingnecessaryis thatitshouldspeakthetruth,or,at allevents,allowthetruthtobespoken initscolumns.(Applause.)

notinterferedwith,ThomasAshewas re-arrestedandsenttogaolagain,with manyofhiscompanions..Heclaimed tobetreatedasapoliticalprisoner, andnottobecompelledtoconformto thecommonprisondiscipline,towhich amurdererorafelonissubjected;but thiswasrefused,Rebellingagainstthe prisontreatment,ThomasAshewent hungerstrike,itappears.Hewas thenforciblyfed,andforthreeorfour dayswasleftalmostnakedinaprison cell.Theunfortunatemancontracted severaldiseases,andwhenhewasalreadydyinghewashurriedofffrom theprisontoaDublinhospital.Itwas toolate.Hediedsoonafterhisarrival atthehospital.(Voices:"Shame!") ThatisanIrishtragedyofyesterday, andyetIamtoldthatIreland's woundsarehealedandthatIshould notopenoldsores!

SpiritofIreland. ThereisaspiritinIrelandthatcannotbetrampledout.(Applause.)Ashe. liketheothervictimsofEasterWeek, gavehislifeforIreland.(Applause.) Whathappened?Thepeopledefiedthe Government,andgavehimapublic, andwhatmightbecalledanIrish olunteerfuneral.(Cheers.)TheArchbishopofDublinsenthiscarriageto theprocession,which-tooknearlytwo hourstopassagivenpoint.Themen intheprocessionworetheirVolunteer uniforms,despitetheGovernmentprohibition,andborearmsaswell.(Applause.)Theironyofitallwasthatit wasforwearingthatsameuniform, andcarryingarmsthatAshewassent toprison.AndthestupidityofEnglish ruleinIrelandwasonceagainexemplifiedwhen,thetragedybeingcompleteandthegravefilledin,theGov ernmentgrantedtothefellow-prisonersofThomasAshealltheprivileges whichAshehaddemandedforhimself andforthem.(Applause.)Forasking theseconcessions,shehadbeensent tohisgrave.("Shame!")Yet1am toldthatIamdreamingaboutthe wrongsofIrelandof300yearsago! Whenthesethingscanhappen,isit mereexaggerationtosaythatIreland isstillundertheheeloftheBritish Government?(Applause.)UntilfreedomandautonomycometoIreland, nobodyinAustralia;oranywhereelse, needexpectmetoforgetthecountry inwhichIwasborn-thecountrythat, withAustralia,claimsmylove.(Applause.)Wearenotgoingtowinthe favourofBritishorAustralianImperialists.(Applause.)Wewillstandalwaystruetofaithandtothelandof ourfathers.(Applause.)

Ihopethatthosewhohavebeenassociatedinthiscampaignagainstconscription-CatholicsandProtestantshavingfeltthevalueofmutualassistance.andhavinggraspedthehandof friendshiponewithanother,willnever againbeimposeduponbythosewho,

TheSorrowsofIreland. Duringthelast.fewweeksIhave beenrepeatedlyaccusedofthinking onlyofthecountryfromwhichI came.Ihavebeenaccusedofbeingan Irishman,andnotanAustralian.My answeristhatIambothanAustralian andanIrishman.(Applause.)My criticstellmethatmymindisalways dwellingonthewrongsofthepast,and onthesorrowsandwoesofIreland, whichhavelongbeenhealed,andought tobeforgotten.Verylittlethosepeople carewhetherIrelandhaswoes,and theyhaveneverraisedafingertoheal oneofhersorrows.(Applause.)ButI amnotopeningupoldsores.Iamnot eventhinkingofthesorrowsandbloodshedofEasterWeek,1916.(Applause.) Ineednotgobacksofar.IhavedeliberatelykeptIrelandand'Irishpolitics outoftheReferendumissue.Ionly referredtothemwhenIfounditnecessarytoreplytosomebodywhodragged thesesubjects,quiteirrelevantly,into apurelyAustralianquestion.ButifI wished,andiftherewereoccasion,I couldhavesaidsomethingaboutIrelandwithoutgoingintoancienthistory.(Applause.)Atanyrate,Ihave somethingtosayaboutIrelandnow. (Applause.)Weneednotgobackto EasterWeek,1916.Id6notknow whetheryougettheIrishpapers,but Igetthemocca6orially,whentheypass thecensorIsuppose.(Laughter.)Itis onlyquiterecentlythatanothername wasadded,thatoftheunfortunate man,ThomasAshe.tothemartyrroll ofEasterWeek.1916.HewasconcernedintheoutbreakinDublin,andwas senttoanEnglishprison.Lateron, whenitsuitedtheirownpoliticalpurposes,theEnglishGovernmentlethim out,alongwithothers.Subsequently, forwearingtheuniformoftheIrish Volunteers.andbecauseheborearms, liketheUlsterVolunteers,whowere

ThePathofDuty. Australian.sarenotgoingtofailin theirdutytotheEmpire;theyarenot goingtodesertthemenatthefront. (Applause.)But,again,Irepeat,our firstdutyistoAustralia,anduntil thatdutyisdonenootherlandhas anyclaimuponus.(Applause.)Ihope thatweshallbendallourenergiesProtestantsandCatholics,withoutdistinctionofraceorblood-torealisethe promiseof.thisfairland.(Applause.) ,ndwhenthatpromisehasbeenjustified.whenAustraliacomestobeone ofthegreatnations,Ihopethatmen willlookbackwithgratitudetothose whohavekeptAustraliafree,andrefusedtobartertheirinheritedliberty foraspurious,loyaltytotheEmpire. oudcheers.)

MayGodsoftentheasperitiesof Australianpubliclife.MayGodgrant thepeaceforwhichthepeoplearelonging,andinwhichwehopetoparticipate.(Applause.) Andnow,thankingyouagainfor cominginsuchnumbers,Iwishyou, andIwishall.Australia-evenmy greatestenemy,ifIhaveany-thepeace andblessingofthisholytime-apeace thatwehopewillbelasting,apeace andablessingthatwillenableusto realisetherichestpi-omiseofAustralia andthehighestexpectationsofits people.(Loudapplause.)

EnthusiasticSend-offtotheArchbishop. HisGracetheArchbishop,accompaniedbyFatherBarry,Adm.,left amidstsalvosofcheers,manyablessing.beingaskedforourreveredArchbishopandleader,who,toquote_the BishopofLismore,"isadmiredforthe abilitywithwhichhedefendsreligion, forhisold-timechivalry,andforhis courage."Floreat! -T.R.O'Grady,23Murraystreet, Perth.

TeiepliOne:B467.

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PRODUCEMERCHANTS, FREMANTLE. CountryOrderspromptlyattendedto.

MISST.I.O'CONNOR,A.T.C.L., 45Cleaverstreet,WestPerth, TeacherofPianoforte,Violin,and PipeOrgan.

TERMSONAPPLICATION.

MissO'Connorispreparedtotake PupilsforthePipeOrgan.

CONVENT01MERCY, TOODYAY.

First-classDayandBoardingSchool forYoungLadies,conductedbythe SistersofMercy. TheSistersalsoconductanother School,whereBoysarereceivedas Boardersfromsixyearsupwards. ProspectusesofeitherSchool,with fullinformation,maybehadfrom THESISTERINCHARGE.

TOTHEMEMBERSOF AllAllowslynch,balk

H.A.C.B.S. REMEMBER

YourMeetingisnextFridaynight. 11111THERE,andbringaFriendto JointhePREMIERBRANCHinthe State.

M.T.O'HALLORAN,Secretary. TerminusHotel,Boulder.

SI,Mary'sBranch,Kalgoorlie

H.A.C.B.S.

FortnightlyMeetingonTuesdayin IkeOonventHighSchool.Members areearnestlyrequestedtoRollUp.

Contributionsreceivedanyweekday from9a.m.to6p.m.bytheSecretary, S.J.HILL,Secretary, 1340Addisstreet,Kalgoorlie.

THEPERTHCATHOLICYOUNG MEN'SSOCIETY. Patron,HisGraceArchbishopClime. Directors,Rev.Bros.Blakeand Murphy. MeetingsheldeveryThursdayevening,8p.m.St.Patrick'sBoys'School, Wellingtonstreet,Perth. ItsobjectsaretopromotetheReligious,Social,andIntellectualwelfare ofitsmembers. AllCatholicmenovertheageof14 yearsareeligibleformembership. Youmustnothesitatelonger.Help tomakeitthePremierSocietyof Australia. COME. SEE. JOIN. TheWarden(Mr.A.Brennan)will bepleasedtoreceiveandmakeat homeintendingmembersandvisitors. JAS.DWYER, Hon.Secretary. 45Wickhamstreet,EastPerth.

PERTHCATHOLICYOUNGMEN'S SOCIETY. WillholdaGRANDRIVERPICNIC onSUNDAY,20thJANUARY.Tickets maybeobtainedfromSecretarySocial Committee,orfrommembersofthe Societyat1/6each.MotorLaunches leaveBarrackstreetJettyat11a.m. Allmembersandfriendscordiallyinvited.

A.OLDRINI, Hon.Sec.SocialCommittee. INMEMORIAM.

Ihiedmedownastreetofsun-kissed Perth Downwherethefatmenrollinslipperedease; AteverystepIwent Werepour13i11-Jimssmashedandbent, Therehadjustcomeinashipfrom overseas. Theystoodwar-wornandweary, ByourancientG.P.O., Butbelongedtofar-offQueensland, Wherethepeoplevoted"No."

Doyouthinkthatanybodyevencared Howthesewearycrippledladswere carryingon?

Theyhadfoughtandhadbeentold Theywereworththeirweightingold, Theywereallthatisconnotedby''tres bon."

Butwordsarevainandvapid, Whenaheroneedsadrink, Anda"blow"aroundthecity Meansmachmorethanprinter'sink. Itwasjustthehourofevening, Thatbroilinghourwhensoolerswin thewar-

Whentheyreadwithtonedogmatic,Fromthe"DailySnooze"pneumatic. Communiquesfrombattlefieldsafar. Buttheydidn'theedtheboys Whohadriskedbothlifeandlimb Intheblood-soakedmudofFlanders Forthesakeofthingslikethem.

Wehavebeenaskedtogiveour opinionastowhatismeantbya `leading"Catholic.Inouropiniona leadingCatholicwouldbeanhonest, practicalCatholicworkingmanwho makessacrificesoutofabareliving wagetosupportCatholicchurchesand schools,andeducaterespectablyabout say--afamilyoften.

ColoneltheRev.J.R.McLean,Presbyterianminister,formerlyofBelfast, hasbeenappointedDeputy-Director GeneralofRecruiting,withtheoversightoftherecruitingorganisationin GreatBritain.

WhatatrulyChristianmission!A gooddoublewithTomallen.

Wearewearyoftheincessantplatitudesincertainquartersastothe grandreligiousrevivalthatthewar haswrought.Hereisthestatementby aProtestantministerwhohasbeen givingNewYorkhisimpressionsof Europe:-"To-daytheaveragepersontravellinginEuropewouldcertainlyseeno signsofrenewedinterestinthingsreligious,andeventhespecialistwhoinvestigatesintenselyandstudiesall knownsignsandevidenceswilldiscoverbutfew.InLondonandParis,as wellasinallothertownsandcitiesI havevisited,viceisrampantasever, thegeneralpopulationisaslittleconcernedwitheternalmatters,andthe Churchfacesthesameproblemofsin andindifference.InFrance,thereare encouragingsigns.butinEnglandthere arenone."

Now,ArchbishopMannixdidnotsay this.ItwaswrittenbyastaidBritish churchwardenintheLondon"Evening News":-

I.Istandto-dayasIdidontheday ofthedeclarationofthisbloodwar,unflinchinglyopposedtoit.Iwouldclasp thehandsoftheGermanworkmen,the Austrians,andallso-calledenemiesas Iwouldthoseofmyownfellow-workmen.IamanInternationalist.This warwasmadebythecapitalistforthe profiteer.

..2.Iamnotwillingtofightmyself, andIamgoingtobenopartytosend otherstofightwhereIrefusetogo.

3.Wehavenothingtogainbywinningthewar.Itisaship-owners'and coal-owners'war.Letthemfightthemselves.Wecouldnotbeworseoffthan wearetodayunderthem.

IL-BlindGreed. Thatisstraighttalk.Inmostrespectsitcoincideswithwhatsensible peoplehavebeenthinking,ifnotsaying.Theanswertoit,asgiveninthe pro-warnewspapers,istheusualindignantfustianabouttreacherytothe menwhoarefreelylayingdowntheir lives,andsoforth.Iamafraiditisan exploitationofthesoldier'sfeelingsto representhimassacrificinghisexistencesofreelyasissaid.Theeditorof the"BritishWeekly"hasspokencandidlyofthewarwearinessamongthe soldiers,andonehasonlytomeet thoseofthemthatcomebackona fewdays'leavetounderstandhow theyviewtheprospectofanotherneedlesswinteratthefront.

Thefactis,nobodywantsacontinuanceofthewarexceptthosewhostand tolosesomethingbyitscessation. Greedisthepa;sionthatiskeepingit going.Andofcoursethepassionis blind.Tobeconsumedbythefirethey arefanningmaybetheultimatefate ofthegraspers.Ifthepopulationis broughtstillnearertothebrinkof starvation,dotheyimaginethatthey willbeleftinthequietenjoymentof theirgreatandguiltypossessions?

Astheresultofmanyyearsoflabour acatalogueof130,000shockshasbeen drawnup.Themostshakencountries oftheworldareItaly,Japan,Greece, SouthAmerica(thePacificcoast), Java,Sicily,andAsiaMinor.M.de Montessus'statisticsshowthatduring thelastfiveyearsthefollowingearthquakeshaveoccurred:Italy,27,672;Japan,27,562;Greece, 10,306;SouthAmerica,8081;Mexico, 5586;Sicily,4311;Switzerland,3895; CentralAmerica,2739;France,2793; SpainandPortugal,2656;WestIndies, 2561;NewZealand,1925;BritishIsles, 1139;UnitedStates,PacificCoast, 4467;Atlanticcoast,937;India,813; Scandinavia,646;Russia,258;Australia,83.Fromthesefiguresitwillbe seenthatAustraliaisabouttheleast shakencountryonthefaceofthe earth.

Australiaalwaysstandsfirm,and freeaswell.

ARCHBISHOPMANNIX.

Thatnamehenceforthinthisourgreat SouthLand Willstandforallthat'strueandbright andbrave. Forlo!whenmenofwealthandpow'r andguns

Hadguiltyhandscontainingconscript chains

TobindourfairyoungQueenwith fest'ringrivets, Andthosewholovedherwellwere soreafraid

Toutterfeeblewordslesttheyshould fail,

Andmakethingsworseforherwho silentstoodAmazedtothinkthatmencouldtreat herso, 'Twasthen,despitethewealthand pow'randguns, RangouttheclarionwordsofDoctor Mannix:

"Oh,putAustraliafirstandkeepher free,

Oh,takeawaythosechains,youguilty men;

Herhearte'ennowissorewithlossof sons.

Whatshame!thatshe,whilesuffering thus,shouldthink

Thatmenlikeyoumaybindherhand andfoot,

Towinyoupraisesfromsomedistant shore."

Whenwordslikethesewerespoken braveandtrue, 'Twasthenwereheard,likeyelping dingosounds, TheHughesandMaddenthreat,the Heydonhowl; 'Twasthenwereseen,likeshredsfrom scrap-heapstorm, Thosereamsofdailyragreducedto mud.

Withwhichtoblackenandbecloudthe man

Aloneinofficehighwhospokethe truth.

Themudandhowlsandthreatsofno avail-

Sereneandbravehewenthiswayand won.

AndnowourQueenisfreeandever first.

Thattruthbetaught;withGodwe'll keepitwhole, \liirthreats.norgunscaneverchange oursoul --M.O'Dwyer. Havelockstreet,Perth,7/1/18.

Ifeverynationintheworldhadthe samefreedomasAustraliatherewould benowar.Thequestionwouldbeput straighttothepeopleandNOaslarge asamountainwouldbetheanswer.

Thepeoplepayforwarwhichmeans thesaleoflotsofthingsfromsteel railstosmallribbonsallthetime. a Peaceiscoining.Ifyoudonotbelievethe"Record,"askLloydGeorge. WithGod'shelp,yourboyswillbein thefarm,themill,andtheminebefore thenextbloomofthewattle. a

Ourwaraimshavebeenundergoing aseriesofchangessinceAugust,1914. Anyhow,Australiahasbeen,andis, andwillbethere-freely.

a ''Warishell,"accordingtoagreat American.Warisworsethananyhell underthelashofBillyHughes.But BillyHughes'hellhashadthebottom takenoutofitbytheArchbishopof Melbourne.

IfIwasbornawoman

Therewouldbesomeexcuse, ButIwasmeanttobeaman, AndtrytodothebestIcan-

MynameisBillyHughes.

TodothebestIalwaystry- But-formyselfIwon'tdenyTho'I'veburntmyfingersinthepie, Andgivenmuchabuse, Istillstandlikeapommyguy-

I'mMisterBillyHughes.

a is There'samanintheWestwho'sbeen ravin', He'sbynomeansacowardoracraven, He'llexpandwiththebest, Hiswin-the-warchest, Andhissecondnamejingleswith-. Heisoneofnoordinaryability, Hismannerisrealcivility, Buthisfaithandhisname Weartheblackbadgeofblame Sincehesmoogedtothespuriousgentility.

AhandsomeDr.Mannixbuttonwill bepresentedtothefirstonewhosuppliesthecorrectmissingwordinthe foregoing.

Thefollowingistakenfromarecent speechofT.M.Healey,M.P.,inthe HouseofCommons:-"Herewehave beeninthisHouseforthirty-seven years,lashedwithyourscorn,crushed withyourcontempt,defiedatevery hand-turn.To-day,atallevents,we saywearemenpreparedbythethousandtodieforIreland.Youbidusdefiance.Wereturnittoyouinfull measure.Westandagaininthelight ofoldenda3,s.Westandintheeternal raysofGod'sjustice.Youmaywith yourpretensiontrytorelegateIreland backtothepositionsheheldthree, four,andfiveyearsago,whenIreland wasasuppliantforyourfavours.Never willyoudoitmore.Wewilldisappear. ThankGodforourdisappearance!Our countryhasatlastachievedthe statueofgreatness-thestatueofnationalrespectability.Itstandsnomore crawlingorcringingtoEnglishMinistersforscrapsfromyourtables-what wehaveenduredhereforthirty-seven years.Andatlastthesemenhavecome forwardtosay,"Nomoreofit!We appealtothenationsoftheworld."

CyrilKalgoorlie'(i.e.,theAnglican Bishop)hasstartedtheparsonsofthe goldfieldscapitaloutonanewstunt. Itseemstherehasbeenallowedto growupinthatleadingcityacrying scandalofmenstandingatastreet cornerandpayingmoneythatthey lostinbets.Alsoreceivingmoneythat theygainedinbets.Anyhow,thething criedtoheavenorsomewhereforvengeance,andCyrilheardit.Hethereuponranaround,andashesayshimselfgotallthedenominationsofthe towntoendorsea'protesttothe Mayortotheeffectthatawholelotof right-mindedpeopleweregrieving mostawfullyoverthebusiness.The ministersofthevariousdenominations weresoeagertosigntheprotestor memorial,orwhateveritiscalled,that theysplitaninfinitiveoverit,andhastened"tocordially"approveofthe actionofthe-ah-Bishop.

Thesamegentlemenwhoswallowed theconscriptioncamelwithoutmaking

abulgeintheirthroatsatthegulp,are strainingsovehementlyattheMaritanastreetgnatthattheirwheezing canbeheardoutasfarasKanowna.It isawfultoseemenpayinggambling

SATURDAY,JANUARY12,1918.

stakesinshillings"atatimelikethis," butifthegamblehadbeeninhuman lives,drawnfromtheguiltyballotthat wastobethedeathwarrantofthe conscribedmanhoodofAustralia,the reverendoneswouldhavestoodbyunmovedandhavefeltnotonetwingeof thescruplesofLadyMacBeth,who triedstrongerthingsthanC.Y.O'Connor'swaterschemetowashawaythe "damnedspot."

InCyril'smemorialtotheMayorit ismentionedthatallthedenominationsexceptonejoinedissuewithhim intheprotest.Theironyofitisthat theoneleftoutistheonlyonethat counts.Alas!alas!

MissBessieRoche,ofDarlinghurst, Sydney,waslatelycrownedqueenat acarnivalheldoverEast.MissRoche wonby52,000votes,andranastallin connectionwiththecarnivalcalled "Dr.Mannix'sLollyShop." -T.R.O'Grady,23Murraystreet, Perth.

TheHeartofFrance

Inthiswar,whichisoneofnations ratherthan,likethewarsofold,of armies,themoralofthenationbehind thefiringlineisasimportantasthat ofitsarmyinthefield.AsSirWilliam Robertsonhassaid:"Itisasiftingof nations.Itisatrialofcharacter.Itis atestofracialquality. Itisthe fibre,thestuff,thegrit,thenerveof thecivilianpeoplewhichwilldecideit. Andbesureofthis:thesidewhichlasts longest,thesidewhichendures,isthe sidewhichwillgiveitscharacterto thefutufeofcivilisation.Thequality ofnationalfibrewilldecidethiswar, anddecidethefutureoftheworld." Thereisthusaplaindutyonall,not onlytohopeandtokeepabraveheart, buttodoallthattheycantostrengthenandencouragetheirmenatthe front.InthisthewomenofFrance havebeenconspicuous.FromthemomentthatwarbrokeoutallinFrance recognisedthatthestruggle,long-expected,wasoneoflifeanddeath,and thewholenationrosetomeetthecrisis withaspiritwhich,inspiteofthe initialsuccessoftheenemyandthe effortsofthepeace-monger,hasnever faltered.Itwaseasyperhapstosend offthetroopsinthedaysofmobilisationwithsmilingfacesandtothewavingofhands;butinthedarkdays thatfollowed,whenthenortherndistrictsfellintothegripoftheHunsand witnessedunimaginablecruelties,massacres,anddeportations,itwashard toclingtohopeandbidothersto hope,tocarryonthetasksofdaily lifeinthehomestowhichmenwould neverreturn,andtotillthevineyards andthefields.Butitwasdone,as witnessafterwitnesshasattested,and asthelanditselfproclaims.The shadowofwarlaydarklyonnearly everyhome;thepangofthelengtheningseparationandofthesuspense, endedinonlytoomanycasesbynews oftheworst,wassufficienttodaunt thebravestheart,butthewomenrose andremainedtruetotheirtraditional spirit.Thewoundedwerenursedand caredfor,theagedandthechildren protected,andthespiritofthemen withtheColourswaskeptstrongby theknowledgethateverytrialwasbeingbravelyborneandeverytaskfulfilled.Ifthemenhaveshownthemselvesheroes,thewomenhavenoless provedthemselvesheroines,messengersofhopeandapostlesofpatriotism. ThefightwasforFrance,andfor Prancetheywerewillingtogiveall. Nothingcouldbettersummariseand embodythissplendidspiritthanthe actoftheyoungmotherwho,withher childinherarms,waitedatthemairie forthecasualtylists.Atlastthe nameswerepostedup,andshelearned thatshewasawidow.Foramoment theknowledgeofwhatitmeantnearly overwhelmedher.Butshegulpeddown hersorrow,andwithaproudgesture liftedherchildhighabovetheheadsof thewomenaroundherandexclaimed, "VivelaFrance!"

Therewehavethesecretofthe strengthshownbyFrenchwomenin thislonganddevastatingtrial."Dieu etPatrie"istheirmotto,notonthe lipsalone,butintheirhearts.Howit hasbeenfulfilledbyactsaswellps proclaimedinwordsisvividlyshown inabook,entitled"LesFrancaiseset laGrandeGuerre,"byMlle.BerthemBonteux,publishedbyMM.Blondand Gay,ofParis.Amother,eharingthat hersonhasbeenwounded,canfindit

THEW.A.RECORD.

inherhearttoregretthathehasthus beenpreventedfromcarryingonhis dutyasr-soldier;andanotheryoung widow,onlearningofthegallantdeath ofheraviatorhusband,canwriteas follows:"Thouknowest,0myGod, howIlovedhim,butThouhasttaken himinhisgloryaftermakingaheroof him,andforthatIthankThee."Or takethefollowingfromtheletterof ayounggirltoherbetrothed:"There arecertainthingswhichmustbemade clearbetweenusonceforall.Notonly doIpermityou,butIorderyounot tospareyourselfonmyaccount.Ifa dangerousmissionbeofferedyou,take itwithouthesitation.Anticipateademand,ifyouthinkthatotherscould notcarryitoutaswellasyoucould. AlwaysrememberthatyouoweyourselftoFrance;Ionlycomelongafter her. Goforward,beloved,and mayGodguardyou,ifthecountrywill notlosebyit.Livingordead,youwill bemyonlylove,"Anotherletterfrom ayounggirltoherbrothershowsthe spiritshininginthedarkenedhome "Theyhavetakenall.Ofelevenatthe war,eightaredead.Dearbrother,do yourduty-thatisallweask.Godhas givenyouyourlifeandHehasthe righttotakeit.Itismammawho saysso."Thesamenoteofresignationandprideiscontinuallysounding, aswitnessthefollowing:"Ourbrother hasfallen.Wemustnotweep;hehas donehisduty,andhsideathwassplendid.Isendyouacard:drinktohis deathasyouwouldtohismarriage." Asalastexample,wemayquotefrom asistertoherbrother,whofellinthe greatoffensiveinChampagne:"I mournwithyouoverthefriendswho havefallenonallsides;but,youknow, suchsacrificesarenecessarytoobtain thetriumphofourbelovedFrance. Heroes-andallsoldiersoughttobe heroes-arethosewho,iftheycannot alwaysdogreatdeeds,atleastalways andeverywheredotheirduty."Inthe lightofsuchblazingevidenceasthis, onecanunderstandhowthewomenof Francehaveshownthemselvesso staunchinthewarandsoconstantin theirencouragementtothemenby wordanddeed.

TheIrishPosition

I.-TheOutsideStandpoint.

ThepositionofIrelandintheworld's gameofchessseemsstationaryforthe moment.TheContinentalAlliesof GreatBritainwhichshowedsuchnervousagitationovertheIrishquestion aftertheEasterWeekRising,aredeliberallysilentonthesubjectnow. France,whosepresshopedforasuddenpoliticalstrokethatwouldcause Irelandtoceasefromtroubling,realisesthatthecasetranscendsthe capacityofpoliticalnimbleness. Americahasnaturallyamorelucid insightintoIrishaffairs.Hernewspapersmakenosecretofthefactthat therealmeasureofAmericanaction inthewarwillbethewillingnessof EnglandtoputIrelandright.John Bullhashadthesituationplainlyput tohiminthisform:"NoIrishsettlement,noAmericangold."Atpresent heismerelygettingcreditintheStates -andhisdebtsarebecomingahalter roundhisneck. Thefollowingoutburstofcandourin aLondonpublicationhasbeenwidely quotedinAmericaasexpressingwith accuracytheoutlookofAmericanson thestateofthings: 'InAustraliawithitsverylarge Irishpopulationtheissuehasalmost asmuchimportanceasintheUnited States.BritaincanneverattainaharmonyoftheEnglish-speakingpeoples withtheIrishleftout.Butwhenonce theIrishsoreishealedthepathis straight.GreatBritaincanfightthe wartoitsendwithnofurtheraspersionsonherroleasthechampionof freedom.TheUnitedStatescanthen giveheranunqualifiedmoralsupport."

11.-ViewfromWithin.

Neverthelessthereisnosignofany approachingsolution.TheConvention, whichfellflatattheveryoutset,has takennoholdsinceonthepublic senseofexpectation.Ithasbeenso utterlyignoredastocauseitsadherentssomealarm,andconsequentlyan Irishpeerhasbeenwritingtothe paperstoinvitediscussiononit-a libertyprohibitedunderstrongpenalty atfirst.Butasnothingisknownof thatassembly'swork,thereisnothing todiscuss.Andthehopelessnessof lookingforanythingfromthatquarter

seemssufficientlydemonstratedbythe rancourandviolencethathavemarked thelatestactsoftheGovernment.Yet thecountrystandsfirm.

NewsoftheArchdiocese

Rev.FatherO'Reilly,ofKellerberrin, isbeingtreatedintheSt.JohnofGod Hospitalforanaffectionofthethroat.

ATTHECATHEDRAL.

HisGracetheArchbishoppreached atVesperslastSundayandgavea clearandconvincingexpositionof Faithanditsconditions.WearecelebratingduringthisFeastoftheEpi-, phanythefirstmanifestationofFaith inChrist,anditwillthereforebeappropriatetobeginashortseriesofinstructionsontheCreed:"Ibelievein GodtheFatherAlmighty."Thisfirst ArticleoftheCreedremindsusofthe virtueanddutiesofFaith.Now,Faith isavirtuewhichisnottobeacquired byoneself.Wecannotreasonourselves intoit.ItmustcomefromGod AlmightyHimself.Itis,therefore,a supernaturalvirtue."WhomdoYOU saythatIam,"saidOurDivineLord toPeter."ThouartChrist,theSonof theLivingGod,"answeredPeter.Then OurLordreplied,"Blessedartthou, SimonBar-Jona,becausefleshand bloodhathnotrevealedittothee,but myFatherWhoisinHeaven."(Math. 16-17.)"Nomancancometomeunless MyFatherdrawhim."Thenecessityof Faithisestablishedinthewordsof Christ,"WithoutFaithitisimpossible topleaseGod."(Heb.IL)TheconditionsofFaitharethat:First,itbe firm.Itmustrelysimplyandsolely uponGod'sunerringword.Second,it mustbe"allembracing."Therecanbe nopickingorchoosingbetweenthe truthswhichGodhastaught.Third,it mustbe"docile."Therearemysteries whichhumanreasoncannotunderstand.Thesemustbebelievedin"HumblingourintellecttoGodasour Teacher." Faithmustbemactical.Itmustbeshowninourlives.It mustbereflectedinourconduct.Faith mustbethelampofourlives.The lampofFaithdoesnotdimthelight ofreason,nomorethantheminer's la,npdimsthelightofthesun.Weare bound,then,tomakeourFaithmanifest,notindeedbypreachingorarguing,butbyleadinggoodlivesand givinggoodexample.Todesireandto endeavourtoobtainthisFaithshould beourparticularprayerduringthese daysofthecelebrationoftheEpiphany.

HisGracetheArchbishopwillpreach atVespersonnextSundayevening, January13th.

TheCathedralbazaarhasresulted inaverysatisfactorysuccess,consideringthestrenuoustimesthroughwhich wearepassing,andtheincidenceofso manyotherartunionsandbazaars. Thenetresultis£540.TheVeryRev. Adm.Moloneydesirestothankmost heartilytheladiesandgentlemento whosecharitableassistancethissuccessismainlydueAlsothemany otherswhogavethebazaartheirpatronage.

LocalandGeneral

MissMarjorieCleave,of6osnells, leftfortheEastforaholidaylast Saturday.SheaccompaniedMr.and Mrs.PeterFoxandfamily,whohave lefttheWestforsometime.

SapperFrankE.Moran,whoisin Franceforthesecondtime,wasrecentlymarriedatWestminsterCathedraltoayoungEnglishgirlwhomhe metwhilstinhospital.

Mrs.Whitlock,ofCarnarvon,winner ofthechestoftea(f,55s)intheFoundlingHomeartunion,verykindlydonateditbacktotheRev.Mother touseitasshepleased.

TheresultsofthetheoryexaminationheldlastJuneattheSacredHeart Convent,Wagin,havejustcometo hand,andareasfollows:-Seniordivision:VioletMorfessi,pass;DorisPurkiss,pass.Intermediatedivision:Reka Edwards,honours97,winnerofgold medal;AmyCarrier,MarjorieKeyser, WinnieBoucher,honours.Juniordivision:LenaBergin,RachelLowe,honours;JeanCurrie,VeraWilmott,pass.

Preparatorydivision:MargaretRyan, HazelJohnston,VioletBackhouse, KathleenEdwards,MarjorieEdwards,honours;MaryKersley,Thomas Tranter,pass.

Willanybodysendinformationto thisofficeastothewhereaboutsofone MaryJaneDarcywholeftJames street,Dublin,in1875,andcameto Australia,whereshemarriedaman namedMiller,afiremanonriver steamersinN.S.W.Anyinformation

willbethankfullyreceivedbyherbrother,JamesDarcy,18Usher'sIsland, Dublin,Ireland.

Sergt.Fraser,ofBeverley,calledat thisofficeduringtheweek,bearing withhimtheD.C.M.Andyet,theconscriptioncrewwhohadSergt.Fraser's religionkeepwhiningaboutwhatthe Catholicsarenotdoing.

PrivateS.J.Taylorreturnedfrom thefrontlastweek.

MissesMaggieandJuliaFitzgerald, ofTuckfieldstreet,Fremantle,returnedhomeduringtheweek,afterspendingashortholidayatJacoby'sHotel, MundaringWeir. a

Mr.MauriceO'DeediedatOola, CountyLimerick,Ireland,lastOctober, aged82.TheO'Deefamilyhasbeen settledatOolaformanygenerations. Oolaisapicturesquelittlevillagesurroundedbyhills,andnotfarfrom Limerick.Mrs.O'Dee,sevendaughters andfoursonsarelefttomournthe lossofagrandoldfather,whosename wasahouseholdwordinOola.Offive ofhisdaughterswhoenteredthereligiousstate,fourofthemaregiving theirbesttotheChurchinWestern Australia,namely,Rev.MotherDe Sales,oftheAlbanyConvent;Sister Aidan,alsoofAlbany,andSisters KevinandPatricia,oftheFremantle Convent.SisterIgnatius,B.A.,of Natal,SouthAfrica,isanothermember ofthisfmaily,whichhasdonesomuch fortheChurchinthemissionfield. ThelateRev.FatherBernardO'Dee, whogavenineyearsofservicetothe ChurchinW.A.,wasasonofthefine oldpatriarch,whompriestsandpeeplearemourningto-dayinOola. FatherO'Deeiswellrememberedin themissionsofNorthamandKalgoorlie,andwasalsostationedforatime inPerth.Subsequentlyhejoinedthe Americanmission,anddiedatUtica. Mr.MauriceO'DeewasburiedonRosarySundaylastyear-theanniversary oftheburialofhisson,FatherBernard.Maytheyrestinpeace.

Wejoinwiththeinnumerablefriends ofMr.andMrs.Corbett,ofButler street,Kalgoorlie,inthesincereexpressionofsympathywiththeminthe grievouslosssustainedinthedeathof theireleven-years-oldson,Richard, whowasdrownedintheKalgoorlie bathsonNewYear'sDay."Dick"was abrightstudentoftheChristianBrothers'College,foremostineverymanly gains,anaccomplishedswimmeranda promisinggymnast.Tothosewhoknew hispowersinthewateritisinconceivablehowthesadfatalitycouldhave happened.Weasktheprayersofour readersforhisbrightyoungsoul. "Lord- bidmetocometoThee uponthewaters."

St.Vincent'sFoundlingHomegratefullyacknowledgesthegiftof£33s fromColonelCourtney,pertheArchbishop.

SixCatholicChaplainsHonoured

Aninterestingfeatureoftherecent honoursconferredisthatsixofour Catholicchaplainshavebeenrecipients. Thefollowingchaplainshavebeen awardedtheMilitaryCross:Father I3ergin,S.J.,whowaskilledrecently, andwhosedevotiontodutywonthe admirationofallwithwhomhewas associated,FatherJohnFaheydescribinghimasamodernSt.FrancisXavier. FatherFrancisClune.C.P.,brother toHisGracetheArchbishop,andwell knowntomanyofourreaders.Father Clinehashadmanymarvellousescapades,andthisisnotthefirst honourtobeconferreduponhim. FatherMullins,oftheGoulburndiocese.whohasbeendoingexcellentwork inEgyptandPalestinewiththeLight (Tomregiments. FatherWard,ofthedioceseofMaitland. Thenewhonour-OfficersoftheBritishEmpire-hasbeenconferredon FatherE.McAuliffe.formerlyofSt. Mary's,Sydney,andFatherAlex.McDonald,S.M.,aNewZealandpriest.

SportsandPastimes

(By"Wattle.") CRICKET. Saturday'sPlay. WestPerth,218,v.Subiaco-Leederville,fourfor61. NorthPerth,130andonefor25,v. Claremont,67.

PerformancesofNote. Batting:ClarkeWP.),69;Veryard M.P.},63;Christian(N.P.),39; Strickland(W.P.),28notout.Bowling: Reardon(S.L.),sevenfor41;Christian,fivefor26.

Batv.Ball. OnSaturdaylast33wicketsfellfor 501-anaverageofalittleover15per wicket.

* WestPerthv.Subiaco-Leederville. PlayedatW.A.0.1.GroundWith thethermometerdoingitsbestto reachthecentury,conditionsforcricket werenotallthatmightbedesired,but astheafternoonworeonanicebreeze sprangup,andthelastcoupleofhours ofplaywaspleasantenough.West's wonthetoss,anddecidedtobat.EdmondsonandDiamondweretheopeningpair,whiletheattackwasentrusted toReardonandLehman.Theopening cricketwasbriskenough,Edmondson scoringa4anda2offthefirsttwo ballsdelivered.Thepartnershipwasof shortduration,Diamondlosinghis wicketwhenhehadscored4.Three otherwickets'fellcheaply,andthe scorewasfourfor27,whichwasa poorstart,butthesituationwassaved byafinepartnershipbetweenVeryard andClarke.Infact,thebattingof thesetwowasoneofthefeaturesofthe afternoon'splay.Bothbattedwith confidenceandscoredfreely.Veryard especiallyscoredhisrunsquickly.He hittwosixesandseveralfours.The veterangaveoneofhisbestdisplays. Clarkescoredmostofhisrunsonthe offside.Heisausefulkindofbat,as thisisbynomeansthefirstoccasion onwhichhehascometotherescueof hisside.Hehitsveryhardontheoff, andkeepseverythingwelldown.His beststrokeisashotpastcover,that invariablyreachestheboundary.Once pastthetwentiesheplaysverysolidly, andisahardmantoshift.Bothhis wicketandthatofVeryardwereaccountedforbyReardon.Theballthat disposedofthelatterbatsmanwasa real"trimmer,",justgettingthebails. Peake12andStrickland28notout helpedtoincreasethescoreappreciably.Theformerisanewplayerin W.A.C.A.games,andshouldproveuseful.Inadditiontobeingafairbat,he isagoodchangebowler.Reardon bowledsplendidly.Hecameonatthe beginningoftheinnings,butdidnot meetwithanygreatsuccess,butonhis secondattemptwiththeballhetrundledgrandly.Asarulehekeeps.anythingbutagoodlength,butonthis occasionhesentdownveryfewloose ones,-ashisfiguressevenfor41will demonstrate.When.itisremembered thatthetotalreached218,theworthof hisperformancewillbereadilyunderstood.

ThevisitorsopenedwithBryantand Walker.Thelatter,however,losthis wicketbeforehehadscored.Bryant got18bygoodcricket.Shawyershowedgoodfor17.Hewasjustgetting goingwhenhetouchedaballcoming infromtheleg,andEversbehindthe stickstookagoodcatch.Howard21 andBarnard4playedouttime.The firstmentionedplayerbattedwithhis well-knownabilityforcarefulplay. He,nodoubt,willbemoreforcefultoday,andshouldgivetheWestPerth

bowlersaheapoftrouble.Anothergood batsmaninHealyisyettocomein, andinthesetwocentrethehopesof theside.

C.

NorthPerthv.Claremont.

PlayedatSubiaco.Northsbatted firstandfellforthemoderatescoreof 130,ofwhichnumberChristiancontributed39.Hewasmissedonceduring hisinnings.Thompson18,Leishman15, Menkins10,weretheotherbatsmento reachdoublefigures.Thewicketswere capturedbyHillthreefor23,Remingtonfourfor49,Bankstwofor.29,and Hodgeonefor17.Claremontfailed badlywiththebat,67beingallthe runstheycouldmuster.Therewere twoabsentees,HogueandTruscott. Neitheroftheseplayershavefigured inthematchesuptodate,andno doubttheywereputin'onspec"-a doubtfulpolicy.Bankstoppedthepoll with22,Hodge'2beingtheonlyother batsmantonegotiatedoublefigures. Followingonhistopscorewiththe bat,theNorthPerthskipperdidbest withtheball,,fivefor26.Buttsworth twofor14andShutleworthonefor19 accountingforthebalanceoftheavailablewickets.

WhatofthatCricksCarnival?

Atameetingofthedelegatesofthe variousclubsheldovertwomonths agoitwasunanimouslydecidedtohold acricketcarnivalontheW.A.C.A. GroundonJanuary28th.Acommittee wasappointedtotakethematterup andapproachcertainenthusiastswith theideaofarrangingaveterans'match. January28thisnotsoveryfaroffnow, andfollowersofthegameareasking whatisbeingdone.Sofarnothinghas beenpublishedrethedroppingofthe scheme.Betternocarnivalatallthan ahalf-heartedaffair.NorthPerth raised£70recently,showingwhatcould bedone.

SydneyCricket.

Batsmenarehavingarightroyal timeinthegradegamesinSydney. Alreadyseventeencenturieshavebeen scored.A.Ratcliffe,A.Murdoch,and W.Bardsleyhavescoredtwoeach. WarrenBardsleyhasmade480runs forsixtimesout,A,.Ratcliffe394for fivetimesout,andG.S.Achurch400 forsixtimesout.Niceaverages.Nothingremarkableisbeingdonewith theball,withtheexceptionoftheperformanceofL.B.Gordon,ofBalmain, whointwoconsecutivematchescaptured21wicketsfor151. C.

-AlbertCotter'sEnd.

WordhasbeenreceivedinSydney thatthefastbowler'sdeathwasinstantaneous,causedbyabulletinthe head.

AComingChampion.

PeterMcAlisterdescribesthebatting ofyoungHerringas"thebesthehas seeninMelbourneforyears,andstrikinglysimilartothatofA.C.McLaren, theEnglishbatsman."Incommenting onhisplay,anEasterncricketscribe sayshisperformancesarereminiscent oftheuncomparableTrumper.Heisa masterofallstrokes,butspecialisesin alatecutandacoverdrive,whilsthis placingisfirst-class.

AMatchinwhichOnlyOneBallwas Bowled.

Acricketertellsthefollowing: "Springhill,outsideOrange,iswhere weplayedourweek-endmatches. Greatrivalryexistedbetweentwosections.Westartedoffinanticipationof agoodall-daymatch.Aftermuchpreparationthematchwasstarted.The surroundingsweredensebush.George Bonnor,themightyhitter,wasfirst tobat.Thefirsthitwasoneofhis specials,andtheballwentoutofsight. Afteranhour'ssearchitwasstillout ofsight.Wehadlunch,andthenmade anendlesschainandsearchedforanotherhour.Wethenabandonedthe matchandwenthome,asweonlyhad oneball,whichBonnorhitandLost. Thescoreshowedoneballbowled, Bonnornotout6."

MOTORING.

AGreatPerformance.

BoydEdkins,thewell-knownSydneymotoristsucceededlastweekin settinguptheBrisbane-Sydneyroad recordto26hours3minutes.Thedistancebetweenthecapitalsis637miles, andtherecordstoodtothecreditofF. Birtlesin29hours35minutes.Edkin leftBrisbaneat2a.m.lastFriday,and arrivedinSydneyonSaturdaymorningatthreeminutespast4,thusreducingtheexistingrecordby31hours. Inmanyplacestheroadswerewell nighimpassable, Edkins'"Vauxhall"fittedwithDunlopsstoodupto theordeal..Edkinisalsotheholderof, thefamousMelbourne-Sydneyrecord (565miles)of16hours35minutes.

Amusements

"IGNORANCE."

Becauseatruthisunpleasantisno reasonwhyweshouldcloseoureyea toit;indeed,whenthattruthisa positivemenace,weareallcriminals whenweneglectorrefusetoseeevils astheyare,forbysodoingweaid theminsteadofjoininginthefight againstthem.

TheYoungWoman'sProtective League,recognisingthatinthescreen they'havetheonernosteffective meansofgivinginformationand.therebycombatingignorance,haveco-operatedwiththePrivateFeatureFilm Companyandproduced"Ignorance,"a six-reelphotoplaythat,without apology,showsthesordidfactsof...ice withnoglossofmitigationorregard fortheso-calledconventionalities. Thestoryisstrong,indeed,itcould

SaysaVictorianexchange:"R.W. Herringhasjustfinishedaremarkable careerintheMelbourneGrammar eleven.Hewonhisplacewhenavery youngboy,in1913;andsincethattime hisbattinghasbeenaconspicuous featureofpublicschoolcricket.Ifhis scoresinthelastterm'smatchesbeincluded,hehasscoredinschoolgames 1987runsforanaverageof48.The decisionoftheheadmasters,arising fromaregrettableincidentinconnectionwiththelastfootballseason,that nopremiershipshouldbeatstake, madethegamesplayedlasttermless keenthanusual,andsomeofthe matcheswerelimitedtooneday. YoungHerring'sfiguresareallthemore remarkableinviewofthefactthat forthelastthree'yearstheusual matchesagainstSydneyGrammar SchoolandSt.Peter'sCollege,Adelaide, havenotbeenplayed.Despitethis handicap,Herringhaseasilysurpassed thetotalsofallpreviousbatsmenfrom theschool.Ofthese,thehighesttotals weregainedbyN.G.Dean,1706;E.F. Herring,1496;H.B.Lewers,1317:and A.F.Patterson,1157.Herring'sbiggest totals,238againstGeelongCollegeand 224againstWesleyCollege,weremade atafortnight'sintervalin1915.Against GeelongGrammarSchoolhehadmade 138and117,andagainstScotch153. HishighestscoreagainstXavierwas 77.Allhisbigscoreshavebeenmade atagreatpace,andhisrateofscoring hasallalongbeenastrikingfeatureof hiscricket.He'haskeptwicketsfor theteamthroughout,andforthepast threeseasonshasbeenanablecaptain."

notbeotherwise,foritisbasedon actualoccurances,duplicatedeveryday inourbigcities.ThescenariowaswrittenbyAnthonyP.Kelly,whosemany successfulpictures,amongthem"The SoulofaWoman,"featuringEmily Stevens,isampleguaranteethatthe bigideaoftheplayisforc:b1S,and effectivelypresented. Suchaplaywithsuchapurpose shouldhaveastrongcast.Ithas.Hari MetcalfeplaystheroleofDistrict.AttorneyMalden,whowagesarelentless crusadeagainstthesocialevilThere aremanyothercapableplayers,includingEleanorBlack,in"Ignorance," whichisnowshowingattheMajestic Theatre.

GRANDTHEATRE.

Othersthanastronomersfindsnew starsnowadays,andinthefilmworld theirbirthisfrequent,butnotoften doesameteorofsuchbrillianceflash intosightasMrs.VernonCastle,internationallyfamousdancerandfashion expert,describedinalltheillustrated weekliesas"thebestdressedwomanin America."Itisthisbeautifulyoung womanwhostarsin'StrandedinArcady,"afive-reelplayofanewbrand bytherenownedPatheCompany,appearingattheGrandonSaturday,12th. Thesubjectmatterdealsinanentertainingfashionwithamanandwoman throwntogetherinmysteriousmanner onanisolatedisland;howtheygot theretheydonotknow,andtheiradventuresingettingoffareextremely exciting.ElliottDexteristhemanwho learnstorespectandadmiretheintrepidwomanwhosaveshislife,the saidmanhavingpreviouslybeena profoundwoman-hater.Sceneryinthis pictureisgorgeous.Theusualbudget ofscenic,PatheNews,andcomedies supportsthestar.OnWednesdayfollowing,exquisiteEmmyWhalenappearsinaMetro.dramaentitled"The DuchessofDoubt,"whichshouldentertainoldandyoungwithitsstory(of ayoungwomanwhotiresof"slavey" work,andwiththeaidofabitof moneysetsouttobea"duchess"inall herglory.Anannouncementofinterest fromtheGrandisthatEnidBennett istoappearonSaturdaynext,January19th,inaracingdrama,"They're Off."

JANUARY12,1918.

THE A.RECORD. IS a CatholicsandEducation

By (Continued).

"Benedict."

WhathappenedattheReformation?

Didthepeoplethroughbeingallowed tothinkforthemselvesembraceVae newreligion,ordidHenryVIII.embraceitforthem,showthemitsmany virtues,andhowitreformedhimself, andletthemjudgeforthemselves?

Withoutgoingintothedoctrinal aspect,whichwouldservenouseful purposehere,evenwereIqualifiedto doso,letusaskwhathappenedto education?Thisisaquestionthatwill havetobedecidednotbypartise.ns butbytherecordedfactsofhistory. Thepeculiarcharacterofthedomestic woraiesofKingHenryarefortunately orunfortunatelyallonrecord.His over-thriftyfather,,HenryVII.,had lefthimanoverflowingtreasury,but themoneydidnotlastlong,andsoon theKingwashardup.Itwashis chroniccomplaint-thatandahabit hehadofgettingtiredofhiswives. Themonasterieswererichinlands,in buildings,ingoldandsilvertreasures, andHenrycovetedtheseashecoveted otherthings.Butastrongcasewould havetobemadeoutagainstthemonks andfriars,forthepeoplelovedthem. Theyhadagloriousrecord.Theyhad livedamongandforthepeople;they hadfedthehungry,theirheartswere opentotheappealofsufferingastheir doorswereopentothehomelessoutcast.Outoftheofferingsofthefaithful andthegenerousgiftsoftherichthey foundednofamilyname.Personally, theycouldownnothing,allwasthe commonpropertyoftheCommunity heldintrustaccordingtotheirrule. forcharity,foreducation,forthebuildingandrenovationofchurchesand schools.England'sgreatestkingshad helped,encouragedandapplauded theirwork.Iftheyhadbeenbad(and toadmitthatsomemayhavebeen badisto.admitthathumannatureis weak)theywouldhavebeendriven fromthecountrybysomeofthese_ KingsorbytheEnglishpeople.It remainedfor'HenryVIII.ofpious memory,withhisnew-foundzealfor reform,tofindthemoutandtbexposetheirwickedness.Acasehadto bemadeout,andofcourseitwas madeout,againstthemonasteries;the chroniclersofthetimeandthosewho weretoshareintheplundercouldbe trustedforthat.Tothisdayvirtuous citizensshaketheirheadswhenmonasteriesorconventsarementioned.And whatanexpressiveshake!Thereis plentyofinuendo,buttheywouldnot shockonewithanydetails."Theymust havebeenbad,"Humesays,they couldnothavebeenotherwise."Itis safesttocredittheexistenceofvices naturallyconnectedwiththemonastic life.Thecruelandinveteratefactions andquarrels,therefore,whichthecommissionersmentioned,areverycredibleamongmenwho,beingconfined togetherwithinthesamewalls,can neverforgettheiranimosities,andwho, beingcutofffromallendearingconnectionsofnature,arecommonly cursedwithheartsmoreselfishand tempersmoreunrelentingthanfallto theshareofothermen.Thepious fraudspractisedtoincreasethedevotionandliberalityofthepeoplemay beregardedascertain,inanOrder foundedonlies,illusionandsuperstition."Howconvincingallthis!Dr. Tanner.aProtestantBishop,who madeanexhaustiveinquiryintothis questionlongbeforeHumemadehis "mayberegardedascertain"charges, describesthemonasteriesmoreminutely.Hefoundthemonkshadbeenengagedintranscribingbooks,illuminatingmissals,translatingtheFathers, histories,preservingimportantState documents,ActsofParliament."The learnedMr.Selden,"hewrites,"hath hisgreatestevidencesforthedominion ofthenarrowseasbelongingtothe KingofGreatBritainfrommonastic records.Secondly,theywereschoolsof learningandeducation,foreveryconventhadonepersonormoreappointedforthispurpose;andalltheneighboursthatdesireditmighthavetheir childrentaughtgrammarandchurch musicwithoutexpensetothem." Thereareveryfewnowadayswho knowanythingofthecharacterof HenryVIII.whobelievethatheappropriatedthemonasticpropertiesfor anyotherreasonthanthathewanted moneyforhimself,andwantedthe landstoplacatehishenchmen.In "TheEconomicInterpretationofHis-. tory,"Rogerstellsus:"Itwassaidthat HenryenteredintopossessionofonethirdtheareaofEngland.Itiscertain hepromised,ifthisgrantweremade himhewouldaskthepeopleforno moretaxes.Itisequallycertainthat hebrokehisword.Itisquiteascertain thewholeofwhatheappropriateddisappearedinamarvellouslyshorttime, andthatbeforehediedhewasreduced tothegreateststraitsandresortedto mostdisgracefulfraudsinordertoextricatehimself."Themonasterieswere

disbanded,andalthoughthe"nobles" towhomtheirlandsweregivenwere placedunderanobligationtoendow schoolswithapartoftheplunder,so thattheeducationcarriedonbythe monksmightbecontinued,thisobligationwasnotobserved.Threehundred secondaryschoolswhichhadexisted attheReformationwerenearlyall sweptaway,orplunderedanddamaged.EdwardVI.re-establishedfourteen oftheseschoolsoutofconfiscated Churchproperty,andacquiredagreat reputationasapatronoflearning. EducationforCatholicsnowbecame impossible,fornotalonewerethey prohibitedbypenallawsfromattendingorteachingschoolsinEnglandor inIreland,buttheywereforbiddento goabroadinsearchofaCatholiceducation,althoughsomemadetheirway bystealthacrosstheChanneltoSt. Omers,Douai,Lisbon,Liege,orsome oftheotherfamousschoolsofthe Continent.

Theeducationofthepoorerpeople ofEnglandwasbadlyneglectedduringthelatterhalfofthesixteenthand thewholeoftheseventeenthcenturies. Itwasatime,itistrue,ofgreatadventures,whenmenwithcourageand daringwerepavingthewayforEng-land'smarvellousexpansionabroad; butwiththeexceptionofafewgreat namesathome,itwasbarrenofintellectualorscientificresults.Theage gaveusShakespeareandMilton,HerbertandVaughan;butittookupno sonofapeasant,aswasdoneinCatholicdays.whenMatthewParis,Roger Bacon,Grostete,Sale,andBreakspeare (PopeAdrianIV.),allsonsofworking menweretaughtinthefreeschoolsof theirday.BothChaucerandShakespearedrewtheirfinestconceptions fromthewellsofCatholicthought sunkinEnglandduringmedieval times,andboth"borrowed"extensively fromBoccaccio,afourteenthcentury writer.Milton,thegreatpoetofPuritanism,althoughhewasasbitter againsttheChurchinhisdayasany ofthepamphleteers,diedaCatholic. WiththeexceptionofthegreatEl;zabethanwriters,therewasno"intellectualmovement"inthesixteenth,or evenintheseventeenthcenturies,and Itwaswellintotheeighteenthcentury,twohundredyearsaftertheReformation,andthreehundredyears aftertheintroductionofprinting,that anyrevivalcanbediscovered.Such writersasexistedhadtorelyonthe Courtforaliving,andhadtowriteas theCourtdemanded-orstarve.There werenoreaders.Dr.Johnson,inhis lifeofMilton,said:"Toreadwasnot thenageneralamusement;neit".er traders,noroftengentlemen,thought themselvesdisgracedthroughignorance.Thoseindeed,whoprofessed learningreadmorethanatanyother time;butofthatmiddleraceof studentswhoreadforpleasureor amusement,thenumberwasthencomparativelysmall."Notalonewasthe "raceofstudents"limited,butthere wasappallingignoranceamongwhat iscalledthelowerclasses,duetothe absenceofschoolsduringthisso-called intellectualmovement.Thereligions revivalinEnglandwasthatofthe MethodistsunderJohnWesley,which wasareactionfromtheapathyof Anglicanismandfromthewide-spread licentiousnessoftheage.Theother religiousrevivalundertheJesuits wouldrequireachaptertoitself,and justicecouldnotbedonetoithere. WhathappenedinIrelandinregard toeducationwillstandasalasting monumenttoEngland'scruelty,and willbeherindictmentbeforethenationsforalltime."Wereitnotacruel thingtosee,"wroteCarlyle,"inany provinceofanEmpire,theinhabitants living,allmutilatedintheirlimbs,each strongmanwithhisrightarmlamed? Howmuchcruellertofindthestrong soulwithitseyesstillsealed-itseyes extinct,sothatitseesnot!Lighthas comeintotheworld,buttothispoor peasantithascomeinvain. The blindedsireslaveshimselfoutand leavesablindedson;andmenmadein theimageofGod,continueastwoleggedbeastsoflabour."TheBritish GovernmentmightaswellhavegougtheeyesoutoftheIrishpeasant,so thathecouldnotsee.Itforbadethe CatholicCelttoread,andplaceda priceontheheadofaschoolmasterif onecouldbefound,deadoralive.The 8thStatuteofQueenAnne,Cap.III., Sec.16,madeitafelonytoteachan Irishyouthifeithertheyouthortha: teacherwereaCatholic.Penalstatute afterstatutewaspassedbytheEnglish Parliament,andyettheIrishyouth wouldnotbedeniedhisinalienable righttoeducation,forwearetold that-

ButwhiletheBritishGovernment deniededucationtotheIrishyouth,it couldnotblind.thesoulthatlooked throughIrisheves.The.imaginative Celtreadthehistoryofhisraceinthe memorialsthatwerescatteredoverthe land.Ourrulerscoulddenyusbooks, buttheycouldnotblotouttheindeliblelandmarksofourrace.Theycould notdemolishthePillarTowersofIreland,orthemajesticshrinesatwhich ourfathershadworshipped.TheHoly Wells,theCorriganaffron(theMass Rock),andthethousandevidencesof Ireland"§storiedpastweremorepotent thananyschoolmasterinkindlingthe faithandnationalityoftheIrishrace. EnglanddeniedtoIrishmentheright toeduCation,notinthe"DarkAges," butuptothenineteenthcentury,and thentauntedthemwithbeing'"ignorant."WhileAddisonandSteelewere turningoutEnglishpolishedtoa nicety,theIrishyouthwasbeinghuntedthroughthehillsifhedaredtoacquiretherudimentsofknowledge. TherewereRoyalFreeSchoolsestablishedinIrelandin1608,Erasmus Smith'sSchoolsin1783,andothersin 1811,nottoteachthe.threeR's.,but toweanthepeoplefromtheerrorsof Popery.ButtheIrishyouthrefused tobeweaned,andpreferredtoremain illiterate.Noseriousattemptwasmade inIreland,oreveninEnglandtoprovideeducationforthechildrenofthe workingclasssuchasexistedinpreRefoipationdaysuntilwellintothe nineteenthcentury.Educationwas muchmoregeneralamongthesturdy peasantsofScotland. Almosteverythingthatisworth readingwaswrittenbefore1830,and yetin1830therewereveryfewreaders. Bookswerescarceandexpensive,and inIrelandthereweretencounties withoutasinglebookseller.Matters wereverylittlebetterinEngland.In theSchoolsInquiryCommission'sreportof1865-6itwasstatedthatthere were830secondaryschoolsinEngland, oronetoevery23,000ofthepopulation.BeforetheReformationtherewere 300,oronetoevery8000people. Letanyonewhoentertainstheidea thatEngland'sintellectualadvancementbeganwhensheimportedherreligionfromGermany,anticontinued underitsbenigninfluence,examinethe conditionofthepeople,andespecially theworkingpeople,duringthesucceeding300years,or,say,untilthemiddle ofthenineteenthcentury.Notethe mentalandmoralequipmentofthe worker,hiswholeoutlookonlife,and hishopeofimprovement,duringany stageofthatera;seehimatonetime harnessedtoacartinHampshire,robbingpig-troughsinYorkshire,his childrenatsixyearsofageworkingin thecoal-minesinWales,hiswomenfolk forgingheavychainsinSpitalfieldsor CradleyHeath;andyouwillgetsome ideaofthesharehehashadinour "unparalleledprosperity."Iftheworker oftheearlynineteenthcenturyknew anything(whichisdoubtful)ofhow theCraftGildoftheMiddleAgesprotectedhisclass,howthefreeschoolsof thatdayeducatedthechildrenofthe pooraswellasthoseoftherich,some ideacouldbegleanedofhisprofound gratitudefor"thegreatestintellectual movementofmoderntimes."

ThreeSprings

'Crouching'neaththeshelteringhedge, orstretchedonmountaintern. Theteacheravidhispupilsmet,feloniously,tolearn."

TheConventSchoolroomwasfilled withtheparentsofthechildrenand well-wishersoftheSistersonDecember 20th,allvyingwitheachotherinshowingtheirdeepappreciationofthegood workthatisbeingdoneintheirmidst. TheDominicanNunshavebeeninthis parishonlythelasttwelvemonths, anditismostconsolingtoseethe tellingeffectsthepresenceofthegood Sistershavehaduponthechildren.An elegantlittleprogrammewasgone through,consistingofsolos,bothvocal andviolin,duets,recitations,etc.,and thatamusingcantata,"Sootandthe Fairies,"broughtacharminglittleentertainmenttoaclose.Therewasnot ahitchfromstarttofinishofthe programme,thechildrenenteringwith spiritintotheirrespectiveparts,which meritedforthemunstintedapplause fromtheaudience.Toomuchpraise cannotbebestoweduponthegoodSisters,whohaveworkedsohardforthe childrenofthisdistrictduringthe pasttwelvemonths.Attheconclusion oftheentertainmenttheRev.Father Scanlan,inhisownkindway,eulogised theworkofthegoodnuns,andthanked thechildrenforthesplendidentertain. menttheyhadgiven.Hethenpresentedtheprizes.Mr.Byrne,J.P.,andMr. P.Lynchalsospokeincomplimentary termsofthegoodworkdonebythe Sisters.Thefollowingistheprize list:InfantSchool:EthelMaley,Teddy Duffy. ClassI.:EdnaHopkins. ClassIII.:MervynKlopper ClassIV.:LilyBrown. ClassV.:JamesLynch. ClassVI.:LilyBerrigan. ChristianDoctrine:Juniordivision, MervynKlopperandMaryHonner (qual);seniordivision,ClaraBerrigan. Needlework:AlmaThomas. GoodConduct:MadgeRooke. Shorthandandbookkeeping:Cettie Honner. CertificatesfortheRoyalAcademyof Music.

PrimaryDivision:Piano,Madge Rooke,ClementHonner,ForrestHonner;violin,AnnieByrne.

ElementaryDivision:Piano,Clare Berrigan.LowerDivision:Violin,Richard Honner. MasterCettieHonner,oftheDominicanConventSchool,hasbeensuccessfulinwinningaNarroginFarmSchool scholarship.Thevalueofthescholarshipis£44. OnMondaymorningafterMasssix youngladiesdedicatedthemselvesto theQueenofHeavenbybecoming ChildrenpfMary.Maytheirgoodexamplebethemeansofdrawingdown blessingsfromthelovingheartof God'sdearMotheronthisnewmission. Writefor ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUEof STATUARY AndCHURCH REQUISITES, vin., BRASSWARE, VESTMENTS, CHALICES, CIBORIUMS, REhiONSTRANCIIK STATIONofCROSS INRELIEF CANVAS, Etc.,Etc. PELLEGRINI&Co.

AuntBessy'sCorner

MyDearChildren,-Wearehavinga heatwavejustnow,anditisplaying havoc,notonlywithmycomplexion, butmynervoussystem.I'dliketo screamattheweathersometimes:I'd liketobenearahundredfathomsof clearblueseaeven,andI'djustdrop intoittogetcool.Theheatisawful, andIhaven'ttheenergyeventotalk tothecat,soyou'llforgivemyvery shorttalktoyouthisweek.Underneath isthelistIpromisedyou.Itlooksa greatbitofworkdonebymylittle friends.Ihopeyouareallcoolerthan yourloving AUNTBESSY.

Thefollowingismypromisedlistof favoursandmoneycollectedbyAunt Bessy'sniecesandnephewsforthe "weeones"duringtheyear1917:£sd VivienneKehoe,Mogumber 1176 NellieMcKenna,NorthFremantle 1100 FlorrieCourtland 076 Mrs.Rooks 050 MollieMcLeod,Katanning(per MissGill) 1140 KatieBanting,SouthBunbury0150 Bakers'Union,Perth(perMr. Yuille) 1 00 "Favours" 486 ClientsofLittleFlower(fav- ours) .,,.5186

RupertMcConnell,Nangeenan100

MaryGriffin,EastFremantle186

KittyDillon 0150

ErnestKeely,Katanning 080 NetaHarris 066 OldNephew 050 HolySouls 046 MadgeSmith,Geraldton 0153 MargieSmith,Geraldton 120 ConnieSlavin,Busselton 126 MaryHenderson 0176 DorothyTangney,Fremantle8100 Monica

176

AgnesLanigan,NewNorcia 010

PaulaHanvin,Fremantle 060

BiddyO'Brien,Subiaco 060

KevinShehan,Bunbury 020

MarieMulvale,Quaraiding 160

MollieMcDonald,Beverley 0110

NancyBlight,Westonia 1100

FrankvilleCunninghame,Leeder-0100

FrancisDay,Australind 0136

Mollie,George,andJackCarroll,Nannine 0100

MollieWebber,\Vagin 212

MasterNormoyle 040

VincentMcMullen,Coomberdale350

PatLanigan,NewNorcia 100

DorothyStack,CometVale 266

EthelWoolhouse,Bulfinch 2100

MaggieBarron,Belmont 0130

NoraStarling,Nannine 1133

D.Rogers,Collie 166

EileenCunningham,Nangeenan1190

EileenDore,Victoria'ark 1 10

MayJohnston,Bunbury 107

EricHitchcock.Mid.Junction

sistersandmyselfwereamongstthe number.Onthe17thofDecemberwe hadourschoolconcert,andarteris wasoverFatherKearin(ourparish priest)spokeafewwords,andthen gaveouttheprizes.Beforewebroke up,FatherKearinhadgivenagold medalforcatechismbetweenthethree schools,thatis,VictoriaPark,Belmont,andhere.Wewerenotlucky enoughtogetthemedal,asBelmont gotit,butFatherKearinpraisedus forourwork.Aboyfromourschool gotfirstprize,andIgotsecondprize. Soitwasnottoobad,wasit,Aunt Bessy?Well,Auntie,Icouldtellyou lotsmore,butIamafraidIwouldtake uptoomuchspaceinyourCorner.I knowFatherO'Gradyverywell.He usedtobeourparishpriest,andthen hewasmovedtoPerth.PleaseAuntie, Iwillnottakeacollectingcardnow, butIwilltakeoneaftertheholidays. Lotsofloveandkissestothe"wee ones,"andnotforgettingyourself.Your would-beniece, xxxxx MINNIEJOHNSTON.

willbecoolenoughthen,asIshallgo foraswim.Well,dearAunt,Imust bringmyshortnotetoaclose.Love toallthe"weeones."Yourloving nephew, FRANKREADER.

MydearlazyFrank,Iamdelighted tohearfromyouagain,andtohandle somuchcoinfromyouforthe"wee ones."Youdidverywell;thankyou somuch.Ialmostmeltedwiththe 108point4heat.Itwasawful,and therewasnoNedlandsforme.Unfor- tunatelyIcan'tswim.Lovetoyour- self,Frank,andaglad1918.Your loving AUNTBESSY.

CousinAily'sAppeal

BESSY.

Yalgoo,January,1,1918. DearAuntliessy,-1supposeyou thoughtIhadforgottenyou.Please, AuntBessy,willyoukindlysendme acollectingcard,andIwilldomybest tofillit.WehadnoChristmastree here,andChristmasseemedveryquiet. WehadMassonNewYears'Day.I toldyouinmylastletterwewerego- ingtohaveabazaarandartunionin aidoftheGeraldtonConvent.The bazaarcameoffallright;thyetook £112.Yalgooisonlyasmallplace,and therearenotmanypeoplehere.The artunionistobedrawnonSaturday night;wehaveseventickets.Ihope wewillbeluckyandgetaprize.I'll letyouknownexttimeifwearelucky. Mrs.Seamanhasoverfivebooksof tickets.ShelivesatFieldsFind,and shegavethemtoMammatomind them.Ihopeshewinssomething.We arehavingwarmweathernow.Weare havingsevenweeks'holidayfrom school.DearAuntBessy,Imustclose nowwithfondloveandbestwishes forabrightandhappyNewYearto yourselfandthe"weeones."Your lovingniece, CARMELO'CONNOR.

MydearCarmel,Iamverypleased tohearfromyouagain.Iamgladtohearthebazaarwassuchagreatsuccess,andIhopeyouwonsomethingin theartunion.Mrs.Seamandeservesa goodwin.Ithinksheisverygenerous. Wearealsohavingverywarmweather justnow-108.4intheshadeissome- thingverywarmforPerth.Theheat nearlykilledme.Ihopeyouareenjoy- ingyourholidays.Willsendyoua card.Thankyouverymuchforyour niceNewYearwishes.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.

Parkerstreet,W.Guildford. December29,1917.

DearAuntBessy,-Thisismyfirst lettertoyou.Willyouacceptmeas oneofyournieces?IgotoSt.Joseph's School,WestGuildford.DearAunt Bessy,howarethe"weeones?"Ihope theyarequitewell.Willyousendme acollectingcardpleaseAndIwillcol- lectforthem.Iamsendingfivekisses tothe"weeones,"andwishingyoua happyNewYear.Yourwould-beniece, xxxxx MARYCLOHESSY. Marydear,Iamverypleasedto haveyouforalittleniece.Youare verywelcometoourCorner.Other littlefriendsfromSt.Joseph'swillbe alsowelcomedwhentheycometome. The"weeones"aredoingsplendidly. Theycouldn'thelpbeingsplendid,becausetheygettheverybestofcare.I havesentyourkissestothem.Iam suretheywillappreciateyourloving kindness.Amsendingacard.Your loving AUNTBESSY.

Georgestreet,Queen'sPark, DearAuntBessy,-Thisisthefirst timeIhavewrittentoyou,andIhope youwillmakemeoneofyourmany nieces.IgotoSt.Joseph'sSchool, Queen'sPark.Ithasonlybeenopenthreeyears,andwehave60pupils. TheheadteacherisSisterM.Joseph, andtheinfants'teacherisSisterM. Alphonsus,andtheyarebothfromVic- toriaPark.LastSundayweekHis GracetheArchbishopwasouthere,andadministeredtheSacramentof Confirmationto64children.Mytwo

P.S.-Iam13yearsofage,andamen theseventhstandardatschool.Itook TheresaforConfirmation.Idothinkit isaprettyna:ne,don'tyou.-Minnie. MydearMinnie,IamverygladSt.Joseph's,Queen'sPark,hassentarepresentativetoourCorner.Beassured youareverywelcome.Iamsureyou andyourschoolmatesweredisappoint- edthroughBelmontwinningthegold medal,butwasn'titnicetoknowthat FatherKearinwaspleasedwithyou all?Betterlucknexttime.Iamglad youwonaprize.Ithinkyoudidvery well.Yes;Theresaisaverypretty name.Ofcourse,youhaveheardofthe LittleFlower.Trytofollowinherfootsteps,Minniedear,andyou,toowillbe oneofGod'slittleflowers.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.

Mogumber,January6,1918.

DearAuntBessy,-SinceIlastwrote toyouIhavebeentoseetheFoundhogHome.InursedlittleTeresawith thenicecurls.Iwouldliketohave beentherewhentheyhadtheChristmastreeAsIwouldhaveseenyou.I heardyouwerethere.Isawtherockinghorsethatyougavethemwiththe NativityFund.IamgladIhadalittle shareingettingthemthisnicepresent. MysisterMaryhadarideonit.Ialso sawthetwocotsthatAuntBessy's niecesandnephewsgotthem.Ihave notreceivedthecardyetthatIasked forinmylastletter.Isupposeitwill comealongoneofthesedays.Ihave had8sgiventomeformycard.Iwill closenow.Yourfondniece, VIVIENNEM.KEHOE. xxxxkissesforyouandthe"wee ones."

DearlittleVivienne,Iamdelighted tohearthatyouvisitedthe"weeones," andthatlittlecurly-hairedTeresareceivedsuchattentionsfromyou.So youlikedourrockinghorse?Well,I amglad.Ithinkmyselfheisavery muchappreciatedanimal.LittleMary, Isuppose,wouldliketohavehimalso. Iamoutofcardsjustnow,butwill havesomenextweek,andyou'llnot beforgotten.Thanksforthekisses. Yourloving AUNTBESSY. 16Depotroad,Parkston, January6,1913.

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefindeeclosedpostalnotefor£14sforthelittle foundlings.MybrotherMichaelhelped mecollectitforthem.Ihopetheyhad amerryChristmasandahappyNew Year,andthatFatherChristmas broughtthemlotsoftoysHebrought meanicedoll,andIcallherBessy. \VeallhadamerryChristmas.Welive nearlythreemilesoutinthebush.\Ve haveagoodtime-here.Wecansee everytrainthatcomesfromIhsrt AugustaasweliveattheT!anscontinentalDepot.WeallwenttoMassyes- terday.WehadExpositionofthe BlessedSacrament.Thechurchwas crowded.Imustnowsaygood-bye, wishingyouandthelittlefoundlings ahappyNewYear.Yourlovingniece, xxxxx MARYKELLI,:HER, MydearMary,Iamverygrateful toyouandtoMichaelforyournice donationtothe"weeones."You'llbe pleasedtoheartheyhadaverynice Christmas,andgotlotsoftoys.So yournewdolliscalledBessy.Well, Mary,youarealittleroguetosteal myname.Ihopeyouareneverangry withyourBessy,andbeather;it wouldhurtmeifyouwere.Write often.Yourloving AUNTBESSY.

Robertsstreet,OsbornePark, January7,1918.

DearAuntBessy,-Isupposeyou thinkIamaslacker,andhaveforgot- tenyou.Well,Imustpleadtheold,old complaint,laziness,Iamverysorry forkeepingyouwaitingforthecard, butIwantedtocollectasmuchasIcouldbeforesendingitin.Ihaveonly succeededincollecting12s6d,butI willtakeanothercardlateron.We arehavingveryhotweathernow.I amgoingtoNedlandsto-morrow,soI

MyDearCousins.-Iamhalfafraid youarethinkingunkindlyofmefor neglectingyoulastweek.Ididn'treally haveafitoflazinessbutkindfriends invitedmetotheseasideandIspent aquietweeklisteningtotheever- murmuringsea,anddippingmyself intoitoccasionally.Itwasjoyousand socooling.Itwasamuchappreciated rest,andIbegintheNewYearwith youall,Ihope,verymuchrefreshed, andinveryearnesttodomybest-to interestallmycousins.Isupposeyou readtheniceafternoonthe"weeones"hadwithDaddyChristmasunderthe ChristmastreeattheFoundlingHome. Iwasindebtedtomanykindfriends whohelpedmetomakemytreeso delightfultothe"weeones,"andreally -theyweredelighted. IamcommencingmyNewYear's workwithanappealtoallmycousins inaidofthe"weones."Iamholding asmallartuniontoprovidewarm woollensingletsforthelittleonesduringthecomingwinter,andalsotofurnishabedinthedormitoryofthe newwingattheFoundlingHome.I willhavethebooksofticketsready nextweekfordistributionandIam lookingtomycousinstohelpmedisposeofthem.Whenyouarewritingtome,askmeforone,andIwilllove youwithagreatbiglove.Aprizewill begiventotheonesellingthemost tickets.Theticketsareonly6d,and thereshouldbenogreattroubleto disposeofthem.Ithankmycousins fortheirNewYeargreetings,andacknowledgewithpleasurethenicelettersofthanksfromLilyRooneyand VivienneKehoefortheirprizes.Ishall nowconcludewithsincerewishesfor goodhealthluckandprosperityduring thecomingyear,andlovefrom COUSINAILY.

PrizeWinnersforCompetitionSaturday,January5th. MonicaJames,51Dukestreet,East Fremantle. DaphneGibbs,Dudleystreet,Mid- landJunction. P.S.-Owingtothefewlettersinfor thecompetitionforJanuary12th,I canonlygiveoneprize.Isupposethe holidayshadsomethingtodowith yourlackofinterestinthepuzzleson thatoccasion.-C.A.

PrizeWinnersforCompetitionforSaturday,January12th. PatLanigan,NawNorcia.

COMPETITIONFORSATURDAY, JANUARY26.

Twoprizeswillbegivenforthecorrectsolutionofthefollowingpuzzle: Forsakeninsomedesertvast,Wherenevermanhasdwelt; Oronsomelonelyislandcast. Unseen,Istillamfelt; Brimfuloftalent,senseandwit, Inothingunderstand: I'moutofsightinchurch,butfitFortemples;madebyhand.

Repliesmustreachmenotlaterthan Tuesday,January22nd.

FORSATURDAY,FEBRUARY2: Twoprizeswillbegivenforthecor- rectsolutionofthepuzzlegivenbelow: ThenamesofeightBritishpoetsare buried

J.RILEY,Proprietor

'Phone141. JAMESSHEAHAN

GENERALSTOREKEEPER, WINEANDSPIRITMERCHANT. PiesseSt.,Boulder ForChoicestQualityOnly.Calland InspectourUndergroundDairy ProduceDepartment.

HORAN

TheNonconformistMind

TheattitudeofNonconformiststowardsCatholicity(saysthe"Times"), thecausesofthatattitude,thedifficultyattendingtheconversionofFree ChurchProtestants,andthemeansof meetingwiththesedifficulties,were dealtwithbyMr.W.B.Luke,J.P., chairmanoftheWillesdenmagistrates, andhimselfaconvertfromDissenting Protestantism,inanaddresstothe membersoftheCatholicSocietyofthe UniversityofLiverpoolintheLibrary oftheStudents'Unionrecently.

Mr.Luke,havingreferredtothe successwhichhadattendedtheefforts ofthelastsixtyyearstobringthe truthsofCatholicitytomembersof theChurchofEnglandandtothe greatarmyoftheindifferent,continued: Butthereisathirdclass,verynumerousandnotuninfluential,ofEnglishpeoplewhohavebeenonlyslightly influencedbytheCatholicrevival.I willnotsaythattheyhavebeenuntouched,butitissafetosaythatthey havefurnishedcomparativelyfewrecruitstothegreatarmyofconverts. Eithertheyaremoredifficulttowin,or therehasbeenalessearnesteffortto appealtothem.Perhaps,withoutinjustice,onemaysaythattheyhave receivedlessattentionthantheydeserve.Yetthefactisindisputablethat theyneedtheCatholicFaith,andthat CatholicismcanneverresumeitsancientplaceinEnglanduntilitwins backtheallegianceofthelowermiddle classwithitstraditionsofsobriety, self-respect,andreverenceforreligion. IntheaggregatethereareinEngland somethinglike25,000Nonconformist chapelsofvariousdescriptions.The enrolled"members"numberopproximatelyamillionandahalftothese mustbeaddedanequalnumberofadherentsorfrequentersoftheseplaces ofworship;andintheSundayschools therearesomethingliketwomillion children.Altogetherwehaveatotalof betweenfourandfivemillionsofour people,adultandjuvenile,whodepend fortheirspiritualnourishmentonthe ministriesofthesebodies;ormore thandoubletheestimatedadherents oftheCatholicChurchinEngland.

Hereisaphaseofreligionworthyof attention,first,as

AnImportantFactorinourNational Life, andnextinitsattitudetowardsthe Church.Toestimateitaright,rememberthatthewholeofthisvastorganisationhasbeenbuiltupontheVoluntaryprinciple,withoutafarthingof aidfromtheState;andthatitissustainedfromyeartoyearalmostwithoutendowmentsbythefree-willofferingsofthepeople;andtheseofferings aresufficient,too,toprovideforsendingabroadthousandsofmissionaries whoaretobefoundinnearlyevery partoftheworld.Itisneedlesstoobservethataworksovastcouldnotbe sustainedifitssupporterswerenot possessedofasincerefaithintheir principlesandanardentspiritofselfsacrifice.

Havingdealtwiththebeliefsofthe sects,theirmethodofgovernment,and thevalueofthelocalpreacher,Mr. Luketoldthestoryofhisownconversion.

beaChurch?Wasthisthedesignof theFounderofChristianity?Hehad promiseda'Fold,andshepherds-a homeformillionsofallracesandall generations-andhadcommissioned HisApostlestocreateitasaperpetual refugeandsourceofblessing.Could thiswhichIsawbeingmadeundermy owneyesbeafulfilmentofHispromiseandoftheApostles'labours?It wasincredible;butfortheawfulissues atstakeitwouldbeludicrous.The convictiongrewuponme-theremust besomeotherprovisionthanthissomethingcommensuratewiththe DivinePlan,somethingadequateto theneedsnotofapettysect,butof allmankind.Wewhoengagedinthe labourwere,indeed,Christians-of thatIhadnodoubt-butwewereout ofthemaincurrentofChristianlife;in aby-wayand-themoreIconsidered it-inacul-de-sac.

Myperplexitywasgreat,forIhad manyanddearassociationsandpersonalrelationships,andsomeresponsibilitiestoothers.But,gradually,I withdrewmyself.Thequestionopened outandgrewlarger.Itshistoricalaspectattractedme,andIbegantotake interestinthatvasttractoftime whichNonconformistsarewonttoignorefromthetimeoftheApostlesto theReformation.TheChurchofEnglandseemedanunsatisfactorycompromise,ameremakeshiftcombinationofincongruities,withoutdefinable principleandwithoutauthority.Itself distractedbyendlessinternalfeuds,it gavenopromiseofassuredrestorof permanence.Albeitunconsciously,I think

WhatIThirstedforwasAuthority.

Sickofdisputations,ofcontroversies thatcouldneverendbecausetherewas nostandardofappealrecognisedand accepted,mylongingwasforaChurch thatreallyknewwhatittaught,and couldgiveanaccountofitself-that hadahistoricalbasis,andalifeofits own,andcouldshowitslinksofunion stretchingbackthroughtheagesto theDayofPentecost.Aninquiryof thiskindoncefairlylaunchedcanlead toonlyoneresult."Allroadsleadto Rome."

et. PupilspreparedforallExaminations,includingthoseofMelboarne, Ldelaid,,,:endWest vanities. the RuskinStudios

Tel.£1893. BAIRDS'ARCADE. HIGH-CLASSPHOTOGRAPHERS.

OurSpecialtie.:Soldiers,Wadding Groups,ChildrenandPresentatics: Groups.

Enlargementsfinishedinanystyle, coloursorplain.

HannanSt.,Kalgoorlie Opp.Poet°flies.

THEPALACEHOTEL

ST.GEORGE'STERRACE, PERTH,W.A.

ThePALACEissituatedinamoE charmingposition,closetoBanksarif !:"ommeroialHousesandTheatres andislargelypatronisedbytheprim cipalFarmersandGraziersinthe State.

MODERATETARIFF.

T.J.GLOWRET.Proprietor.

TheExcellenciesofallPurities Embodiedin UNIONIMPERIALSTOUT, TheSupperDish.

Uptosometwelveyearsago,he said,Ihadbeenalife-longadherentof oneofthesmallerbodiesderivingfrom thegreatmovementofJohnWesley; boundtothem,asIconsidered,permanentlybylongandnearassociation, bytrainingandhabitfromchildhood, andbybondsofsincereaffectionand esteem.Aboutthattimeaprojectof amalgamationwasbeingdiscussedbetweenmydenominationandtwoothers ofsimilaroriginandprinciples,with aviewtotheformationofonelarge bodyofabout250,000adherents.Iwas oneofthejointcommitteewhichwas chargedwiththepreparationofa schemeandbasisofunion.AnActof Parliamentwasnecessarytosanction the'amalgamation,andeverypointof doctrine,ordinances,andgovernment hadtobecarefullyexamined.Wesat roundthetable,sometwentymen,and toiledatthisgreatundertaking-to constructaChurch!Iwasawitnessof thewholeprocedure-sawthefoundationslaid,thescaffoldingerected,the wallsraised,theroofputon.Immense questionswereraised,discussed,settled.

QuestionswhichhaveRentEmpires. problemsthatengagedgreatCouncils formonthsandyears,weresettledin anafternoon.Thesemenwerepious andwell-meaning,buttheirattainmentswerelimited,theiroutlooknarrow. Itwasimpossibletowatchthemat theirworkwithoutmisgiving.Quasbonsinevitablyaroseinmymind: WhatwasaChurch?Wouldthisartificialstructurewhichwaslaboriously puttogether,evenwhenParliament hadsolemnlyapprovedit-wouldthis

Atotallydifferentlineofthought impelledmeinthesamedirection.For manyyearsIhadbeenactivelyengagedonSchoolBoardsandEducation Committees,andasamanager,asa politiciantoo,inconnectionwitheducation.Ihadbeenavolubleadvocateof publiccontrolofunsectarianschools, andofanti-clericalism.Buttheresults asseeninintimatefamiliaritywith JuvenileCourts,andacloseknowledge ofthepoorestclassesinLondon,made animpressionofdeepdisappointment. Theminimising(orexclusion)ofreligionintheschoolsledtoappalling moralignorance.We,Liberals,inour fearofestablishingsectarianism,were ineffectestablishingheathendom. PlainBiblereadingandunsectarian religiousteachingleftlittleimpresson thechildmind.TheskeletonofChristianitypresentedintheschoolshad novivifyingpower.Evenwhenthe teacherswerethemselvesearnestlyreligious,thesystemtowhichtheywere tiedrenderedtheireffortsbarrenof realspiritualinfluence.ThenIsawa Catholicschool,andcouldnotbutbe struckbythedifferenceofatmosphere. Herereligionwasnot"Scripture"-a subjectlikegeographyorarithmeticbutamotivepowerandadominant purpose, ColouringAlltheLifeoftheSchool, permeatingitswholework,givingit anelevationandasanctity,stamping itscharacterineradicablyonthechild mind."Ifouryoutharetobeeducated asChristians,"Ithought,"itisonly onthedogmatic,definitelinesfollowed inCatholicschoolsthatthiscanbe done."

ThetransitionofanAnglicanisinfinitelyeasier,because,thoughhemay belongtothemostuncompromising school,therearegradationsbywhich hemaypass,stepbystep,withbut littleeffortandwithouthismovement excitingmuchnotice,fromthelowest LowChurchpositiontoapointwithin easyhailing,distanceofRome,all withoutonceoversteppingtherecognisedfrontiersofAnglicanism.

FarotherisitwiththeNonconformist.Hisboundariesarenarrowlyset, andfarremovedfromtheCanaanof God.Forhimtherearethornybrakes tobetraversed.wildmoorlandsto cross,andruggedmountainstoscale. ThefirststephetakestowardsRome carrieshimrightoutsidethenarrow limitsofhishome,intothesolitudeof thewilderness.Heisseparatedfrom thecompanyofhisownpeopleat once,andhisfeetmayoftenbeweary, hisheartoftensick,beforehismarch isended.Notonlyhashemuchto learn;hehasverymuchtounlearn. Hestartswithnnconsciousaffinities toCatholicism;hisexperiencegives himnoapproximationtoanyofits characteristicreligiouspractices.On

is W.A.RECORD. SATURDAY,JANUARY12,1918.

thecontrary,heisimbuedwiththe strongestconceivableprejudiceagainst it.

Thechieffeatureofthishostility whichisaliteraryheritagehanded downfromthegreatPuritanwriters ofthe17thand18thcenturies,is AnIngrainedDreadandFearof Catholicism, quitehonestlyfeltbythemassofNonconformists.Therearemillions-ofpeo- plewhohavebeentrainedtobelieve thatourChurchwouldbeeager,ifit hadthepowertodoso,totakeaway theBible,toburnhereticsatthestake, andre-establishthethumb-screwand therackasordinarymethodsofpun- ishment.Itistruethatthewell-informedknowbetter,buttheyrefrain fromraisingafingertocorrectthe mostprofitabledelusionofProtestantism.Itisyielding,butslowly.Agreat obstacle.

Otherobstaclesaredistrustofthe Catholicclergy-nowdyingout-and theastoundingignorancethatobtains withregardtoChristianhistory,even amongordinarilyintelligentDissenters. Theyarewellpostedtoacertainextent;theyknowwhattheActsrelate abouttheApostles,andtheyare familiarwiththechiefepisodessinceWiclif.Butbetweenthosetwotime limitstheirgeneralconceptionis''the DarkAges!"Itwouldreallyseemto bethoughtthatpureChristianitysank shortlyafterA.D.100intoastateof miserableconfusion,andremained thereinfor1400yearsuntilthe"bright stars"ofthe"Reformation"period brokeupontheuniversalgloom.The conceptionofaChurchcontinuous,unbroken,fromthebeginning,richin saintsandheroesandmartyrs,bearing highitstestimonyandmanifestingits Divinepowerineverygenerationneeds tobebroughthometotheNonconformistmind.

Thencomesthegravedelusionwhich chokesoffthousandsofpiousfolk whosedevotiontoChristisdeepand sincere-thebeliefthatHe,their Saviour,theDivineSonofGod,is robbedoftheworshipduetoHimby thevenerationpaidtosaints,and, aboveall,bythehonourspaidtothe BlessedVirgin.Perhapsofallpreju- diceswhichhamperanddelayaninquirerfromtheFreeChurchesthisis themostdifficulttohandlearight. Hereistheobstaclewhich,inmany cases,isthelasttobeovercome.Itis linkedupwiththerefusaltorecognise Authority.

TheRootofNonconformity, asofProtestantisminitsentirety,is PrivateJudgment.Onceletthembe convincedthatthereisanApostolic Voice,andtheywillhearkentoit.The dogmasandpracticeswhichtheypoint toasinfractionsoftheGospelteachingpresentnodifficultywhatever whenthegreatfactisgraspedthatOur BlessedLordprovidedanorganforthe expressionofHisOwnDivineWill,to teachHistduth,andthatHefencedit roundwiththebulwarkofinfallibility, gaveitaHead,andfurnisheditwith theSacramentsHedesignedforthesalvationandprotectionofHispeople.YettheinhabitantsofthisCityof ConfusionarenotSocinians.Withall theirdefections,theyhaveclungtothe beliefsthatJesusChristtheSonof GodistheSaviouroftheworld,and thatHisGospelisamessageofjoyto allmankind.TheyveneratetheBible; theygivethemselvesmuchtoprayer; theypractiseself-denial;theystriveto liveliveshonestinthesightofmen andacceptabletoGod.Religionisto themasolemnreality,andthefirst concern.Aretheynotworthgaining? Thetimeisripeforabigpush,in whicheveryarmoftheserviceshould beengaged,layaswellasclerical.The Churchshouldbemobilised,andits fullmightexerted-thepietyand learningofthepriesthood,thepower ofthepress,theinfluenceofthe schools,theprayersofthedevout,the individualtestimonyofearnestCatholics,andthepersonalinfluencewhich everyoneinhisownspherecanexert. Theproblemistoconvertenemies intofriendsandallies:toawakena stagnantpeople:todestroyhostility,andlayholdonthosewhowillnot enteryourchurches.Thereareatthis moment,Godknowshowmanythousandsofthirsty,dissatisfiedsoulsready toreceivethatfullTruthwhichthe Churchalonecangive.Mayitbethe missionofthenewgenerationofCatholics-fulloffireandenthusiasmand burningwithfaith-tofindthemeans ofwinningbacktheestrangedmasses ofourfellow-countrymentothefoldof theirforefathers.

M.J.O'KEEFE

BUTCHER, 245Curstreet,Leederville.

PrimeBeef,Mutton,Pork,Lamb alwaysonhand.e,orredBeefand SmallGoodsaSpecialty.AllMeat keptinCoolStorageonthePremtees Moue,AWL

England'sPresent-DaySysteminIreland

ByileumsMcManus.

OnthelastsummerthatIwasat homeinIreland-thesummerbefore thewar-IwenttoDublintogivea lectureuponthehighlyseditioussubdct ofstory-telling.TwoDublinCastle etectivestookpositionfacingtheentrancedoorofthelectureroom-with theirbacksagainsttherailingofParnellSquare-nearlyanhourbeforethe timeannouncedforthelecture.They tooknoteofeveryconspiratorwho enteredthehallforthefeloniouspur- poseofrevivingIrishstory-telling. Theydidnotleavetheirposttillthe lastbatchofcriminalsleftthehall,at eleveno'clock.Andasthelastparty consistedofmyselfandafewintimate Dublinfriends,theythenlefttheir postonlytofollowustoourhiding places.Theydidnotquitmytrailtill theyhadseenmesafelyinmyhotel, aftermidnight. Foreignreaderswillprobablybesurprisedatthisincident.Ionlysetit downhereasasampleofthecommon incidentinIreland-ofthemannerin whichseveralhundredsofpeoplein Ireland-peoplewhosecrimeisthat theyarestrivingtouplifttheircountry,are,andalwayshavebeen,dogged andshadowedfromyear'sendtoyear's end-andcompleteanddetailedrecord keptinDublinCastleofeverymoveof theirs-everyplacetheywent,everymantheymet,everypersontheyspoke with,everyhousetheyvisited-almost everythoughttheyweresuspectedof thinking.Thisappliestoallmenwho makethemselvesprominentevenin theharmlessmovementofrevivingthe industriesofIreland,orrevivingthe languageofIreland,orrevivingany- thingatallthatmightdirectlyorindirectlyhelpIreland.

Whenever,onanyofmyconstant visitshome,IreachIrelandfromAmerica,adetectiveisawaitingmeatthe dock.Andfromthatdaytillthemomentthat,severalmonthslater,anotherdetectiveseesmeoffatthepier, Iamunderconstantsurveillanceeitherbyofficialdetectivesorbylocal police.Whenever,duringthattime,I quitmyownlittlemountainvillegefor eitherabusinessorapleasuretrip,for anyotherpointinIreland,thelocal police,havingalwaysattheircommandsuchsourcesofinformationas therailroadticket-office,wireaheadto mypointofdestination,providingfor myreceptionthere-inBelfast,inDublin,orelse-byadetectivewhoshadows meandkeepsrecordofallmymovementsfrommyarrivalinthecitytill Iquititagain. AndthismeanMiddle-Agessystemis practicedupon,probably,athousand meninIreland-onmostmenwhoare guiltyofthecrimeofworkingforIreland'suplift.

TheBritishSpySystem. Ofallthespysystemsintheworld, theoldRussianspysystemseemsinstinctivelytocomeuppermostinpeo- ple'smindsandfirstupontheirtongue. Thisisbecause,beforeEnglandfound itusefultoallyherselfwithRussia, EnglishcablesandEnglishwriters,for Englishpurpose,busiedthemselvesin keepingthephrase"RussianSpy"in theworld'seye,andintheworld'sear. Theworldknowsitnot,because EnglishwritersandEnglishnewsservicesseenogoodreasonformentioningit--buttheRussianCzarinhis palmiestdaysmightgnashhisteethin envyoftheEnglishspysysteminIreland.

Everysoul(ifsuchcreatureshavea soul)oftheswarmsofBritishofficials whogorgethemselvesuponIreland's vitals,issupposedtodohispartin observingandconveying"usefulinformation"toDublinCastle.Notonlyare -therecrowdsofofficialdetectivesfor tiseeverywhereandoneveryoccasion, butIrelandisbentdoubleunderits burdenofpolice-everysingleoneof whomis,andmustbe,anuntiringspy. Noothercountryintheworldbears suchanintolerablepoliceburdenchieflyforspypurposes-asdoesIreland.ThereisaBritishpolicemanto every250men,women,andchildren inIreland.

Everylittlehamletineveryremote cornerofthemountainshasgotits policebarracksrisingamidstitshandfulofhuts.AndthousandsoflittlevillagesinIrelandwithpopulationof200 or300souls(includingbabies)have gotsixorsevenandeightpolicequar- tereduponeachofthem.Itistheduty ofthesepolicetoawaiteverytrain thatcomesinorgoesout,makenote ofallwholeavethetrainandallwho enterit-towatch,withthesameobject,everycarthatentersorleaves thevillage,toobcerve'ndfindoatall particularsofeverystranger,riding, driving,orafoot,incoach,carriage,or wheelbarrow,whovisitsthevillage, haltsinit,orfliesthroughit.Andfor theupkeepofthinsov-army.Ireland ismulctedin7,500000dolayear.Theyareresponsibletotheirauthoritiesforbeingable,atamoment's

notice,toansweranyquestionand giveanyinformationregardingany, personlocalorforeign,whoever camewithintheirpurview-hisname, hisdescription,hisbusiness,hisassociates,hisconversation-ifpossible,these creaturesareexpectedtohavewormedoutthesecretsofhissoul.

TheBritishpolicesysteminIreland iscarriedtostillfurtherperfection. Thepolicemust,ofcourse,beonthe alerttoanticipateanddetectallpoli- tical"crime."Whenitsdetectionor unravellingbafflesthem,thatdeficiencymustnotstandintheirwayof makinganexampleofsomeone,innocentorguilty,foreverypoliticaloffence;otherwisetherewouldbeanend ofBritishGovernment.So,forevery "crime"committed,someonemustbe madetosuffer-theguiltybyprefer- ence-butonlybypreference. Wherelaywitnessesarenecessarytocorroboratethesplendidswearingof menwhomustswearhardtohold theirjobs,thesewitnessesarealways provided.

MakingCrime.

When,inapoliticalcrisis,itbecomesnecessarytothepolicyofthe authoritiesthatanyspecifiedlocality shouldbelawless,thepolicehaveto seetoitthat,iflawlessnesscannotbe discoveredorprovoked,itwillbeinvented.Andthepatrioticpoliceman whocreatescrimeforhissuperiorsis notonlyprotectedbutpromoted.If heblundersandletsthesourceof manufacturegetexposedtotheworld he,properly,receivescondignpunishment.

ThefamousSergeantShevillancase isasgoodanexampleofpolicemanufacturedcrimeasanyoneofathousandothers.Thesergeanthadinhisdistrictseveralmenwho,beingguiltyof thehighcrimeofstrivingfortheredressofIreland'swrongs,shouldbe gotridof.Atthesametime,because thewholedistrictwasactiveforIreland,itwasdesirablethatitshouldbe provedtobeacriminaldistrictin orderthattheauthoritieswouldhave anexcuseforcoercingandterrorising it-andforpunishingthemorepat- riotic.

Butunfortunately,theIrishworkers inthedistrict,intheirperversity, workedwithinthelaw.Somethinghad tobedonethen.

Thesergeant,truetothepolicein- stinct,sawitwashisdutytodothat something-eithersawitofhisown well-trainedaccord,orwasmadeto seeitbytheauthorities.

Now,inEngland,becauseitconstitutesaneffectiveaswellasanoble text,fromwhichtopreachagainstthe barbarousIrish,oneofthemostwelcomepiecesofIrishnewsisthenews ofthemaliciousmaimingofdumbanimals.This,newsalwaysassuresa shiverof shockedholyhorror,shakingthe soulsofpiousEnglishpeople whofeelcheeredatreportsofthe maimingorkillingofanIrishagitator oranIndianagitator,theblowingof Sepoysfromacannon'smouth,orat thebutcheringofwoundedSoudanese afterabattle.Sothegoodsergeant, knowinghismarketandhismarketeers,devisedasplendidconspiracyfor mutilatingdumbanimalsinhisdis- trict.Itwas,foratime,highlyeffective,provingasafeandconvenient wayforswearingawaythelibertiesof "objectionable"personsinthedistrict. Butthroughanunfortunateaccident thesergeantlethimselfbediscovered. QuietlyandquicklytheGovernment shippedhimtoAmerica,andletthelittleaffairblowover. Thisisonlyquotedasasampleof thespiritthatpermeatesthewhole EnglishmethodofgoverningIreland. Thesamespiritgoesthroughevery branchandstemofeverydepartment oftheterribleEnglishsysteminthe country.Andalltheofficialcrimesare lockedandinterlocked.Thejudiciary ispackedwithreliable,pickedmenfordoingEngland'swork-menwhohave beentestedandprovedsatisfactoryin subordinateplacesbeforebeingen- trustedwiththeirhighpositions. theThesamepackingsystemappliesto juriesinthecourts.Inanypoli- ticalcasewhereitisdesirabletocon-victandsentenceamanwhohasbecomeobjectionablebyreasonofhis tooardentworkforIrelandtrialby jury,issupposedtobeaccordedhim.ButtheBritishofficialstakecareto selectsuchajurythatthemanwill nothaveachanceintwentyofafair verdict.Fromthejurypanelthe CrownProsecutorcarefullyselectsthe trustymenfortryingthecase-andin courtgoesthroughtheformofgetting ajury,causingtostandasideevery manonallthejuryrollwhohasIrish orNationalleanings,andeveryman, evenoftheBritishgarrisoninIreland, whomightbein&neerofputtingconsciencebeforeprejudice,whendecidingwhetherornotthevictim

shouldbedeprivedofhislibertyorof hislife.

Ofhislife,Isay,becauseduringthe crisisoftheLandLeagueagitationin Ireland,whencrimeswerecommitted anditwasnecessarytomakeanexample,therewereseveralundisputed casesof crimesmenhavingbeenhungfor withwhichtheyhadnoconnection.

Ifaguiltymanwastobetransport- edorhung,thejurypackingsystem washandyandeffective.Ifaninnocent manwastobetransportedorhung thejurypackingsystemwasmore valuablestill.ACrownProsecutor's valuewasoftenratedbytheperfec- tionofhisjurypackingabilities.Thenotoriousprosecutor,PeterO'Brien, whoseperfectedabilitiesinthismatter earnedforhimhisnationalnickname ofPeterthePacker,provedhimselfof suchespecialvaluetotheBritishGovernmentthathewasraisedtothe Bench,andpushedforwardtillthe fellowactuallysatasLordChiefJusticeforIreland!ThisfellowonlyceasedtodisgracetheBenchwhenhe diedoffitafewyearsago.

Thesystemwasthorough.Themanu- factureofacrimeisbackedbythe subornationofperjury,which,inturn, isbackedbhand-pickingthejury; andthati turnstrengthenedby Bench-packing.ThisBench-packing,bytheway,wasludicrouslyillustrated atafamousStatetrialofthenine- teenthcentury,whenthepresiding Judge,alludingtothecounselforthe defendant,letsliphismindwiththe phrase,"Thegentlemanontheother side."

Sointimate,almostcertain,isthe connectioninIrelandbetweenlawand themostterribleinjustice,thatthe Irishman,atlength,hascomeinstinctivelytorangehimselfonthesideof theaccused.

ThattheHabaesCorpusissuspend- edinIrelandwhenevertheGovernmentchooses,andmenthrowninto gaolwithoutcharge,andkeptthere withouttrial,astonishesincredulous foreigners. UnderChiefSecretaryFosterthere weresevenhundred"suspects"enjoy- inggaoltermsatonetime-without oneofthemeverhavingbeenfaced

withacharge,orconfrontedbyan accuser.Probablyseveralthousand suchsufferedgaolinthesameway, duringBuckshotFoster'sregime. Then,whenamanbecametroublesomebydoingtooeffectiveworkfor theamendingofthemiserableland laws,itwasonlynecessaryforthe landlord,ortheBritishauthorities,to procuretwomen-theymightbethe landlord'sownbailiffsorofficialsof theGovernment-togobeforeoneof theBritishmagistrates,andswear thattheyhedgoodreasontosuspect thismanwasdangeroustothepeace oftherealm.Neitherexaminationnor cross-examinationwasnecessary.No detailswereaskedorrequired.The accusedwasnotonlynotthere,butin nocasedidheknowofthesecretproceedingsagainsthim.Justthesimple oathofmentowhomoathswerea joke-theirformaloath,givenand takenwithoutquestionandinsecretsufficedtodeprivethebestandmost reputablemenintheland-alikelay andcleric-oftheirliberty.Thefirst intimationgiventheaccusedofhis 'trial"and"conviction"wasthedescentuponhishouse,oftentimesinthe deadofnight,ofanarmedtroopof police,whocarriedhimoffwithout charge,andlodgedhiminagaolcell, amongdrunksandthieves,wherehe shouldremaintillsuchtimeasit pleasedtheGovernmenttorelease him.

Thatthismethodofarrestingaman withoutaccusationandgaolinghim withouttrialisstillavaluableadjunct oftheEnglishGovernmentinIreland, andlikelytocontinueso,isprovedby thefactthattheauthoritieshavebeen usingiteffectivelyagainstworkersin theIrishVolunteersandSinnFein duringthepastfewyears.

AndthetreatmentofarrestedpoliticalprisonersbytheBritishauthoritiesisusuallyvilerthananythingthat occursinsemi-barbarousnations.

EvenasIwritethischapterIpick upanIrishUnionistnewspaper,"The BelfastDailyTelegraph,"ofcurrent date(May2$,1917),givingaccountof thetrialofanIrishNationalist,a schoolteacher.JamesJosephLaying, court-martialledinDundalkforthe crimeofbeingfoundinpossessionof arebelrevolver-fromwhichaccount Iwishtoquoteforthebenefitofthe readers,thefollowingcross-examinationofPoliceSergeantGraham: "Attorney:Youbroughttheprisoner tothebarracksatCastlebellingham andputhimintothelock-upthere?

"Sergeant:Yes.

"Attorney:AmIrightinsaying thatthatroomisninefeetbythree feetsixinches?

"Sergeant:Icannot:aythatyou arefarastraybutitismorethz.iithree feetsixinches.

"Attorney:Ithasastonefloor.wanoutanywindows?

"Sergeant:Thereisasmallopen slit.

"Attorney:Isn'titdevoidofany comfort?

"Sergeant:Thereisawoodenplank init.

'Attorney:Therearcnosanitary conveniences?

"Sergeant:None.

"Attorney:Wastheaccusedputin thatnight?

"Sergeant:Hewas

"Attorney:Andkeptthereforfive daysandfivenights?

"Sergeant:Yes.

"Attorney:Duringthattimewashe evertakenoutforanyexercise?

"Sergeant:No.

"Attorney:Wasthereanybedthere?

"Sergeant:No." Andthatisbutasampleofthe brutalsavagerywithwhichIrishpoli- ticalprisonersareandalwayshave beentreated,bythefirst,greatest,and mostgloriousEmpireonearth!

O'DonovanRossa,wheninEnglish prisons,servinghislifesentence,and protestingagainsttheindignitiesto whichheandhisfellowsweresubject, frequentlyhadhishandschainedbehindhisbackfordaystogether,in solitaryconfinement.Andtoeatbits offoodthatwerethrusttohim throughthebars,hehadtogoonhis kneesandlapituplikeawildbeast!

MichaelDavitt,theone-armed,tells howheandhisfellow-politicalprisonersinEnglishdungeons,inorderto getamouthfulofthefreshairfor whichtheygasped,hadoftentimesto lieontheirstomachsonthefloorof theircellandputtheirmouthtothe slitatthebottomofthedoor.Andon passingagarbagebarrel,whenthe keeperwasfortunatelynotwatching them,theprisonersgrabbedfromit thedirtyendsoftallowcandles,and secretedthetit-bits,whichatthefirst opportunitytheyravenouslydevoured.

ThetreatmentofIrishpoliticalprisonersinEng'ishdungeonshasbeen universallysobrutal,sosavagely unhuman,somuchworsethanany- thingtheworldisawareofthatitis nowondertheseIrishmenemergefrom theEnglishdungeons-wheneverthey doemerge,incurablyinvalided,crippled,blind,andinsane.Forsomethe gaoldooropened.tothetomb.For others,farworse,itopen',;tothe madhous-.

Ontheeveofthischapter_goingto presscomesthenewsofthedoingto deathofThomasAshebyBritain's usualprisonpractices.Itisasadlyfittingclimaxforthischapter.

Thisnoblefellow,ateacher,aGaelic Leagueenthusiast,andabeloved leaderofhispeople,wasthrowninto prisonforthecrimeofwearinganIrish Volunteeruniform.Hewasapolitical prisoner-butBritainbrandedhim criminal,andorderedhimtobetreated withalltheprisonindignitiesmeted outtothelowestcriminal.Asherefusedtoobservetherulesforcriminals, andherefusedtotakefood.Hewas confinedtohiscell.Hisbed-clothes wertakenfromhim,hisbedwastaken fromhim,thelittlegaolseatwastaken fromhim.Fordayshewasleftinthat conditioninhislittle,dirty,coldcellwithoutaseattositon,withoutabed tolieon,withoutclothestopreserve tohimthevitalheat.Andmeanwhile hewasbeingforciblyfed.Whenet lengththeyfoundthattheirworkwas accomplishedthathisheartwasgiving nut,andthathemustdiewithinsome hours, andtheyhadthedyingmancarried cartedfromhiscell,andfromthe gaol,andflungintoanoutsidehospital where,inafewhours,heexpired- onlyoneotherIrishmandoneawaywith,toEngland'sglorification.

moment:iftherewerenowateronthe globe,thennobodycouldbetaughtto swim,andinthatcasewhatanumber ofpeoplewouldgetdrowned!"

Policeman:"Whatareyoustanding 'erefor?" Loafer:"Nuffink." "Policeman:"Well,justmoveon.If everybodywastostandinoneplace, howwouldtherestgetpa;;?"

ZA1V1-BUK'SWONDER. FULHEALING

AMagicBalmfortheHome.

Forthetreatmentofskintroubles andfleshwounds,everyhomeneedsa potofZam-Buk.Thisherbalbalmwith aworld-widereputationhasbrought reliefandhappinesstothousandsof skinsufferers.

Zam-Bukissomethingentirelynew, andhasnothingincommonwithordinaryointments.Thescientificmetnoa ofitsmanufactureisacompletedeparturefromold-fashionedideas.ZamBukis andahighlyrefinedvegetablebalm, containsneithercoarseanimalfats thatsoonturnrancid,noranyofthe mineraldrugsthatmakeordinaryointmentsuseless,andoftenharmful,in casesofdeep-seatedskindisease.

Zam-Bukgoestoworkquietly,soothingandpurifyingthewoundor sore,destroyingandejectingallgerms andpoisonousmatter,andfinallyhelp- ingnaturetoreplacetheinjuredor diseasedpartswithnewandhealthy skinandtissue.

Bitso'Humour

Officer:"Hangit!you'vebroughtme thewrongboots.Can'tyouseeoneis blackandtheotherbrown?"

Orderly:"Sure,buttheotherpairis justthesame."

Thecircushadcomeforitsannual visittoalittlecountrytown,andthe childrenwerewildlyexcited.Theyoung sonofanotoriouslyclosefistedfarmer clamouredtogo.

"0dad,"heexclaimed,"gimmethreepencetogoandseethecircus!"

`What!"gaspedthefarmer."Thrippence?Why,onlylastmonthIletyou gouptoFarmerHiggs'sfieldtosee theeclipseofthemoon.Myboy,do youwantyourlifetobeoneperpetual roundofpleasure?"

"YourHonour,"saidthearrested chauffeur,"Itriedtowarntheman, butthehornwouldn'twork."

"Thenwhydidn'tyouslackenspeed ratherthanrunoverhim?"

Alightseemedtodawnontheprisoner."That'soneonme,"heanswered. "Ineverthoughtofthat."

"YourHonour,"informedthepoliceman,ashepointedtotheprisoner,"he refusedtorisewhilethebandplayed 'TheStar-SpangledBanner.'" "Ididnotrecognisethetune,"explainedtheculprit,hastily. "Now,mydearman,"saidthejudge sympathetically,"letmewhistleitfor you,sothathereafteryoumaydistinguishit."

Thejudgewhistledthemelody,and theprisonerlistenedintently.

WhenhisHonourhadfinishedthe defendantexclaimed,generously."Your Honour,ifthebandhadplayedthe tuneasyouwhistleditIwouldnotbe hereto-day." "Discharged,"interruptedthewellpleasedjudge. "Butthebandwould,"concludedthe maninanundertone,ashehastilyretiredfromthecourtroom.

Lysander,afarmhand,wasrecountinghistroublestoaneighbour.Among otherthingshesaidthatthewifeof thefarmerwhoemployedhimwas''too closeforanyuse."

"Thisverymorning"saidhe,"she askedme,'Lysander,doyouknowhow manypancakesyouhaveetthis mornin'?"

"Isaid,'No,ma'am,Iain'thadno occasiontocount'em.' "'Well,'saysshe,'thatlastonewas thetwenty-sixth.' "AnditmademesomadIjestgot upfromthetableandwenttowork withoutmybreakfast!"

Acertainlecturerisreporteritohave passedthebeetIrishbull.Hewaslecturingtohisstudentsuponthegrea', importanceofwaterinoureconomy, andwishingtoillustrateitbyavery strikingpicture,heremarked: "Gentlemen,justconsiderfora

Zam-Bukistheembodimentofa newscientificidea.Itistheonesafe andever-readyhealerthatmakesfor theimmediatealleviationofpain, givesprotectionagainstgerm-infection andblood-poisoninacutorsore,and ensuresrapidandcleanhealing. Soothing,antiseptic,andgermicidal, Zam-Bukisinvaluableforeczema, ringworm,badlegs,pimples,blotches, poisonedsores,piles,abscesses,and soreandinflamedconditionsofthe skin.Zam-Bukissoldbyallchemists andstoresat1/6and3/6apot.

OARFORHIREDAYORNIGHT, Telephones: Residence,A3076;Rank,£4720.

A.CARSON (OarNo.397).

Rank:St.George'sTerrace. Residence,21Harleystreet,Perth.

WANTEDATONCE

APEACEOFFERING.

50,000SHILLINGS FORTHESACREDHEART CHURCH,ROSS,TASMANIA.

Thiscrime-whichmaywellseem unbelievabletosomereaders-wasnot committedinBelgium-norinthe SouthSeaIslands.Butintheheartof theEmpiremostrenownedonearth.

ByMarls'J.Kirkham.

CHAPTERLV.(continued).

Thehourofpartingcamealltoo soon.RichardandMr.Lowehaddriven offinthetax-cart.Dr.KielyandEva werealreadyseatedinthecarriage; whileGracehadrunbacktocomfort EllieandWillie,whoweresobbing violentlyuponthestairs.Mrs.Kearney wipedthetearsfromhercheeks;and, thoughMarysmiled,itwasplainthat tearswerethreateningtosuffusethose mildblueeyes,asGracekissedEllie, andtoldhersomewhatreproachfully nottocry,fordidn'tsheknowthey'd soonmeetagainattheconvent.And, inthemeantime,wasn'tsheleaving herherjay?Buttheallusiontothe convent,howevercomfortingtoEllie, hadaprecisely'contraryeffectupon herbrother,andchangedhisblubberingintoaloudroar..

"Come,Grace,"saidherfather,"we havenotimetolose."

Shehadherfootuponthestep,when shestopped.lookingquitesad,with herlipscompressed,andhereyesbent ontheground.Theywereallsurprised; andherfatheraskedwhatwasthe matter.ButGracemadenoreply. Turningroundshewalkedslowlyto Hugh,whowasstandingwithfolded armsbesidethedoor,an.:heldouther handtohim.Shehadforgottenhim. Shehadsaidgood-bye,overandover, toeveryoneelse,butneverthoughtof Hugh.Andnowhelookedatherasif hedidnotknowwhatshemeant.

"Good-bye,Hugh,"saidshe.

"Oh,good-bye,"herepliedwitha start,takingherextendedhand.And therewassomethinginhistonethat madeMarylookathimwithsurprise. Sheobserved,however,thathelaughed asheledGracetothecarriage,and handedherin.

Theyaregone-Grace,Richard,Mr. Lowe,andall.AndMarydoesfeel lonely;andfeels,too,thatshemust tryhardtokeepupherspirits,orthey willinevitablybreakdown.Well,that intelligenceinhersisterAnne'sletter hasremovedoneindefiniteuneasiness fromherheartatallevents.Theway isclearbeforehernow,andnotclouded byhope-ahopefromwhichsheshrank asfromasin,andstrovetobanish fromherheart;butwhichwould, nevertheless,returnagainandagainto disturbandtroubleher.ThankGod! thatisallovernow.

"HowIshouldliketobeabletocall suchnobleoldtreesasthosemyown," Graceobserved.

Evaadmiredthetrees,too,andthe undulatinglawn,andthewoods around,butshecouldnotseewhat gooditwoulddohertobeabletocall themherown.

"ItmustbethatMr.Kearneywas rightlastnightwhenhesaidtheold gentlemanwouldbeoutwithhis houndsto-morroworafter.Thereis thehornsounding,"saidMr.Lowe. "Yes,Icanseethepack,andthe huntsmanmountedbeforethedoor, fromwhereIam,"returnedRichard Kearney,whohadwalkedonalittle furtherthantherest.

TheywereintheavenueatWoodlands,waitingforDr.Kiely,whohad walkedontoseehispatient,leaving hiscarriageataturnintheavenuenot farfromthehouse,thoughnotinview ofit.RichardandMr.Lowewalkedin fromtheroad,andwerenowchatting withtheladiesinthecarriage. "Iwonder,ifheberecovered,why papaisdelayingsolong,"saidGrace. "Canyouseepapacoming,Richard?" "No,he'snotcoming,"returned Richard."There'ssomethinggoingon Ican'tmakeout.Thedoctorisstandingwithseveralothersnearthe hounds;butIseenoonemounter'.but thehuntsman."

"I'llwalkdownandsee,"saidMr. Lowe."AndperhapsIoughttobid Mr.Somerfieldgoodbyeafteraccept- ingofhishospitality."

Dr.Kielywasastonishedtofindhis patientinachaironthelawn,propped upwithpillows.Hisson,atall,cadaverous-lookingmanwithgrizzledhair andbeard,stoodononesideofthe chair,andasaintly-lookingthough somewhatspruceyoungclergymanat theother.Twogracefulyoungladies stoodalittleapart,lookingverysad andinteresting,butnotaltogetherobliviousofthehandsomeyoungclergy- man'spresence.

"Blow,Rody,blow,"mutteredthe pooroldinvalid.Andthehornsounded, andthewoodsgavebacktheecho.

"0sweetWoodlands,mustIleave you?"exclaimedtheoldfoxhunterin tonesofthedeepestgrief.

"You'regoingtoabetterplace,"said theclergyman,impressively. "Yoix!Tallyho!"criedtheinvalid, faintly."Blow,Rody,blow."

"Don'taxme,sir,"returnedthe huntsman,afterputingthehorntohis lipsandtakingitawayagain;"my heartisreadytoburst."

"0sweetWoodlands,mustIleave you?"hismasterexclaimedagain. 'Mydearsir,"theclergymanrepeated,stoopingoverhimandplacinghis glovedhandgentlyuponhisshoulder, "mydearsir,youaregoingtoabetter place."

Theinvalidturnedroundandlooked earnestlyintotheyoungclergyman's face,asifhehaduntilthenbeenunconsciousofhispresence.

"You'regoingtoabetterplace;trust me,you'regoingtoabetterplace,"the clergymanrepeatedfervently.

"Ah!"repliedtheoldfoxhunter, withasorrowfulshakeofhishead,and lookingearnestlyintotheparson'sface-''ah!byG----,Idoubtyou!"

Theparson'slookofconsternation broughtagrimsmileintothehard featuresofMr.SamSomerfield,ashe adjustedhisfather'snight-cap,which wasdisplacedbytheefforttoturn roundtolookathisspiritualdirector.

Thedyingfoxhunterseemedtodrop suddenlyintoadoze,fromwhichalow fretfulwhinefromoneofthehounds causedhimtoawakewithastart. "PoorBluebell;poorBluebell,"hemurmured.Thehoundnamedwaggedher tail,andcomingclosetohim,looked wistfullyintohisface.Thewholepack followedBluebell,wavingtheirtails, andwiththeirtrustfuleyesappeared toclaimrecognition,too,fromtheir oldmaster.Buthisheaddrooped,and heseemedfallingasleepagain.He rousedhimself,however,andgazed oncemoreuponthefinelandscapebeforehim,andagaincalleduponthe huntsmantosoundthehorn.The huntsmanputittohislips,andhis chestheavedashelabouredforbreath; butnosoundawoketheechoesagain.

"GodknowsIcan't,sir,"hecriedat last,burstingintotears.Thehuntsman'semotionmovedthetwoyoung ladiestotears,andtheycamenearer totheirgrandfather'schair,'andlooked anxiouslyintohisface.Dr.Kielylaid hisfingerontheoldman'swrist,and turnedtowhispersomethingtohis son,whowasstandingbythechair. Butthedoctordrewback,asifthe eyeofamurdererwereuponhim.Mr. SamSomerfield'sfacewasashypale andhislipslivid,whileabalefullight glaredfromunderhisshaggybrows, whichweredraggedtogetherinbalefulfolds.Hisdaughters,too,wereterrified,andwonderedwhatcouldhave broughtthatshockingexpressioninto theirfather'sface.Butguidedbyhis eyestheyturnedroundandsawthat Mr.Lowewasstandingnearthem: thentheyunderstoodthatterrible look.

Theyounggirlsgazeduponthe woodsandgrovesandunaulating meadows,justastheirgrandfatherhad done.Andtheexpressioninthebright eyeofyouthandinthedimmedeyeof agewasthesame. ".Ah,"saidtheyoungergirl,asher sister'seyesmethers,"itisasweet place."

Turnround,youngladies,andlook throughthatarchedgatewaytoyon slopinghillside,speckledwithwhite sheep,uponwhichthesunshinesso brightly.Thereweremanyhappy homesalongthatgreenslopenotmany yearsago.Thereisnotonenow.You rememberthelastofthem-theold farm-houseinthetrees,withitscluster ofcornstacks;andthesquareorchard, thatlookedsoprettyinthespringtime;andthenarrowboreenleading totheroadbetweentangledwildroses andwoodbines?Yourememberthe childrenwhopeeredshylyatyoufrom undertheirbrownarmswhenyourode byuponyourprettyponies?Yourememberwhatarageyourpapawasin whenthemanwholivedthererefused togiveuptheoldlease;andhowhe sworewhentheoldleaseexpired,and

the"scoundrel"-thatwasthewordrefusedtogountilthesheriffandthe policeandmilitarydrovehimaway? Tobesure,hisfather,andgrand- father,andgreat-grandfatherhadlived therebeforehim.Hepaidyourpapa fiftygoldguineaseveryyear,andwas willingtopayhalfasmanymoreifhe wereallowedtotoilontheretothe endofhisdays;thougholdpeople rememberedwhenthatproductive littlefarmwascoveredwithfurzeand briers,withpatchesofgreenrushes hereandthereinthe.narshyplaces. Well,heshouldgo;andthechildrenbutwhatdoyoucareforsuchthings? Wemerelymeanttoremindyouthat, tothatpoormanandhiswifeand children,theirplace,too,was"asweet place."

"Isuppose,"thoughtMr.SamSomerfield,"hecameherepurposelytowatch tillthebreathisoutofhim,inorder thatImaybehuntedwithoutan hour'sdelay."Thenfixinghiseyes upontheoldmanwithalookinwhich pityandhatredseemedblended,he continued:"Whatrighthadhetotake suchalease?Hecaredonlyforhimself.Whywasn'titmylifehegotit for?Hemighthavedied,anddiedan oldman,twentyyearsago.AndI wishtoheavenhediddietwentyyears ago,beforemyheartwasrootedin it."

Anoldblindhound,lyingonamat nearthedoor,raisedhishead,andutteredalongdismalhowl.Thewhole packtookupthecry;and,asitpassed likeawailofsorrowoverthehills, theoldfoxhunterfellbackinhischair -dead!

Thehuntsmanthrewhimselffrom hishorse;and,withthehelpoftwo orthreeotherservants,carriedhisold masterintothehouse. "0papa,poorgrandpapaisgone!" theyounggirlsexclaimed,flinging theirarmsroundtheirfather'sneck. Hebentdownastheyclungtohim, lookingquitehelplessandstupefied. But,whenhesawthehorsefromwhich thehuntsmanhaddismounted,walk toasquarestoneneartheendofthe house,andstandquietlybesideit,and thoughtthat"oldSomerfield"would nevermounthishunterfromthat stoneagain,thetearsrandownhis hard,yellowcheeks,andfelluponhis children'shair.

ThedoctorandMr.Lowewalked backtothecarriageinsilence,much affectedbywhattheyhadseen. "Doyouthinkherhandsome?"

Richardasked. ''Notvery,"wasMr.Lowe'slanguidreply."Icouldneveradmiregirlslike her.Thegirlthatcalledyoutoseeher fathertheotherdayisbyfarapret- tiergirl."

"Yes,NancyHoganisdecidedly handsome.YetHughthinksI3essy quitecaptivating.Curioushowtastes willdiffer."

TheyhadstoppedtosendTom MaherintooldPhilMorris'sfora light,andBessycametothedoorwith hersewing. "Graceiswonderingwhywehave stopped,"saidthedoctor."Shewill breakhernecktryingtolookroundat us.ButI'llblowacloud,"headded,as TomMaherpresentedhimwithabit ofburningstick;"thatwillenlighten her."

Gracehadherheadoutofthecarriage;butitwasnotofthemshewas thinkingatall.Shecaughttheoutline ofaman'sfigureonthehillabovethe fort,andguesseditwasHugh,watch- ingthecarriageaslongastheywere withinview. "Ah!itcamefromhisheart,"said shewithasigh. "Whatareyousaying?"Evaasked. "Nothing,"wasthecarelessreply.ShewasthinkingofHugh's"Goodbye." AndHughdidwatchthecarriageas longasitwasinright;butthenhe hadcomeupthehilltolookatthe hoggets.Andashiseyeresteduponthelittlehouseamongtheoldwhitethorns,hewishedhehadanotherexcusetofollowthewindingfootpath, andhaveachatwitholdPhilMorris abouttheyearoftheHill,andlisten tohisspeculationsonthechancesof having"anythingdroll"inthecountry beforehedied.AndasHughthought oftheold"croppy,"hesawinfancy hisbrightlittlegranddaughter,asshe flittedlikeafire-flyaboutthehouse, whenheusedtoruninforshelterfrom therain,someyearsbefore.Andashe wentonadmiringBessyMorrisretrospectively,hehappenedtoputhis fingerandthumbintohiswaistcoat

pocket,andfeelingsomethingsoftand silky,tookitoutandlookedatitin greatsurprise.Itwasalongshining lockofhair.Afterthinkingforamomenthelaughed;butthatsoftlight whichhissisterMarysometimes noticedcameintohisdarkeyes.And Mr.HughKearneybegannowtocall upavisioninthefuture,asamoment beforehehadcalleduponeofthepast. Solongashegoesonlooking"before andafter"inthisfashionheissafe enough.Butifonedayheshouldfind "thefancytrue,"howwillitbe?He toreofftheblankleafofaletter,and aftercountingbackwardsonhisfingers,"Monday,Sunday,Saturday," wrotethedayofthemonthandthe yearuponit. "Iwonderwhatsortshewillbeina fewyearsmore?"hethought,looking againattheshiningtresswhichhehad playfullycutfromGrace'sheadthe morningofNedBrophy'swedding. Then,alatheDeanofSt.Patrick's,he wrotethewords,"Onlyagirl'shair," and,foldingitupcarefully,placedit inhispocketbook,andreturnedhome withoutthinkingagainoftheoldrebel andhisfascinatinggranddaughter,who atthatmomentwasjustafterbeing mademiserablebyagood-natured friend,whohadwalkedthreemilesfor thesolepurposeoftellingherthatshe was"inashow"onaccountofthe dragoon'svisit. (Tobecontinued,)

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