The Record Newspaper 07 April 1949

Jugo-SlaviaPersecutionContinues

LatestreportsfrominsideYugoslaviacontinuetogiveadismalpictureofthe religioussituationinthatcountry,withscoresofpriestsarrested,manysentenced tolongprisonterms,andotherssubjecttolonginterrogationsbythesecretpolice whoattempttocoercepriestsintobecominginformersagainsttheirsuperiorsand thefaithful.

Accordingtofarfromcompletestatistics,theCommunists arrestedduringtheyear1948itt least19ReligiousSisters,40 priestsandoneBishop,theMoat RevPeterCule,ofMostar.All nunshavebeenexpelledfromall hospitalsinSloveniaTheSistersofCharityofLichtenturn havebeenevictedfromtheliving quartersoftheirconvent;the CarmeliteSisterswereexpelled fromtheirconventinLjubljana, andtheDominicanFathersand SalesianFathersfromtheir housesinZagreb.ThesanitariumconductedbytheBrothersof CharityatKardija,Slovenia,and

thelibraryoftheseminaryat Splithavebeenconfiscated, ThelatestvictimsofCommunistpersecutionaretheRevs,Alfon.,JarcandViljemSavelli, whoweretriedatCrnomelj,near MoviMesto,onchargesofcollaboratingwiththeItaliansduring thewar.Bothweresentenced todeath.Their"trial"wasconductedinaccordancewiththe customarypattern.Newspaper accountsomittedanyreferences todefencedocumentationand testimony. Asimilartrialtookplacelast monthatPtuj.nearMaribor, wheretheRev.VekoslavSkuhala

"TruthSerum"Lies

VIENNA,March2-1-(NC).-InweighingthepossibilitythatdrugshadbeenusedinthetrialofHisEminenceJosefCardinalMindszenty,theAustrianCatholic ti weekly,"DieFurche,"notesthatmedicalresearchshows thatthedrugprocess'knownas"amytalinterview"cango asfar1E:impedingthewillpowerofpersonstowhom itadministered.

TheweeklymentionstheresearchesofDr.Strotzka,asdescribedinthe"WienerMedizinischenWochenschrift"(Vienna MedicalWeekly),intotheuseof amytalinterview,alsoknownas "truthserum"or"narcoanalysis," whichwasdiscoveredbyAmericanpsychiatrists.Inthetreatment,dosagesofsodiumpenthotalandsodiumamytal,alsocalledEvipan,aregiventothesubject,and,asDr.Strotzkareports,neednonecessarilyresult inelicitingstatementsthatare objectivelycorrect.

AtLiege,theAttorneyGeneral ofBelgium,saidtheemployment ofnarcoanalysis"constituteda severeinfringementofindividual freedomguaranteedbytheconstitutionandtheviolationofa publicrightthattheStatehas torespect."

Writingin"JuristicheBlaetter,"a'Viennalawreview,aMr. Novakowskisaidthattorturecan bendthefreewill,butdoesnot suppressit,whereasnarcoanalysktransformsthehumanindividualnotonlybodilx,butalso mentallyintoamereobject.

"DieFurche"commentsthat "itisevidentthatwhenthismethodisappliedonanincreasing scale,onecanobtainthecompletesuppressionoffreewill, subservienceoftheindividualentirelydeprivedofhisfreepersonality,andtheapplicationof anysuggestionwhatsoever."

Non-Convertible

LONDON,March2-(NC).Communismisnotconvertible, butCommunistsare,Douglas Hyde,convertex-newseditorof R.itain'sCommunist"Daily Worker,"toldarallyofCatholic tradeunionistsinWales.

MostoftheCommunistsare labouringunderthemisapprehensionthattheyaredoingagood work,andtheycanbewonback tothecorrectpath,headdad.

Noonehasagreaterrightthan Christianstocampaignforsocial justice;Catholicshaveamoral obligationtodoso,hesaid Mr.Hydewasspeakingonthe anniversaryofhisresignation fromtheCommunistnewspaper.

TheVictorianStateGovernmenthasrecentlymadeagrant Hof£2,000tohelpinextensionsof DonBoscoBoys'ClubandHostel,Sydney-road,Brunswick.The Premier,Mr.Hollway,incommunicatingthenewstoVeryRev. J.Ciantar,S.D.B.,wrote:

"Iamindeedpeasedtoinform youthatagrantof£2,000has beenmadetoDonBoscoBoys' ClubandHostel,andacheque forthisamountwillbeforthcominthenextfewdays."

Mr.HolLway'srepresentative, Mr.McVilly,wasarecentvisitor totheclub,

FATHERBYRONDIfSINBRITAIN

LONDON,March24.-(NC).-

TheRev.MauriceByron,parish -priestofGoudhurst,Kent,afew miresoutsideLondon,anddirect descendantofLordByron,the poet,hasdiedofaheartattack. Hewas42yearsoldHisonly brotherisheirtothepresent LordByron,anAnglicanclergy. man, FatherByronbecameaCatholicwhenhewas16afterthefamilyhademigratedtoAustralia, wherehisuncle,SirWilliam

Campion,wasGovernorofWesternAustralia.Hestudiedin Rome,andbecameanassistant priestatSt.George'sCathedral, Southwark,London. Heworkedtherethroughout theworstdaysoftheNazirains onthecapitalandsawtheCathedraldestroyedbyenemyfire bombs.Thepoorandoldpeopleof,thedistrictlovedhim greatly.Hedidtheirshopping forthemandeventookoffhis coattopaintanddecoratetheir rooms.

wassentencedtosixyears,and theRev.FrancPlaninsekto13 yearsonchargesofaiding"ban-dits"andworkingagainstthe "popularregime"ofYugoslavia. FatherPlaninsekallegedly"confessed"hisguilt.

Thepersecutionofpriestshas reached,tparticularlyseverepro- portionsinSlovenia,where15 werearrestedduringthefirsttwo monthsofthisyearongeneral chargesof"anti-state"activities.

Nothinghasbeenlearnedof thefateoftheVery12,v.ValerianUcak,0.TeutPriorofthe TeutonicOrderinYugoslavia, incehisarrestinLjubljanaby ONZA(secretpolice)agents,

LONDON,:.:arch25-(NC)Britain'soldestBishop,theMost ittvJohnToner,BishopofDunke'd,CentralScotland,hascelebratedhis92nd.birthday.He hasbeenapriestfor67.yearsand aBishopfor35.

JugSAY 'SCRAMBLEDEGGS'

WUCHOW,China,March24. -(NC).-Seatedatbreakfastin theMaryknollmissionhere,the Rev.WilliamMorrissey,of Brooklyn,recentlyarrivedfrom theUnitedStates,orderedscrambledeggsinwhathethoughtwas perfectCantonesedialect.

However,thehouseboycould notunderstandhim.TheMaryknollerthentriedhisorderin eightdifferentChineselanguage tones.Thehouseboy'sfaceremainedpuzzled.Indesperation thenewmizsionerturnedtoaveieranmissionaryandaskedin Englishhowtotranslate"scrambledeggs."

Withoutwaitingfortheolder ntisionertoreply,thehouseboy strodeofftothekitchenand calledoutinperfectEnglish: "Oneorderscrambled."

ASurvivalOfBritish Prejudice

LONDON,March25-(NC).SrHenrySlesser,formerBritish SolicitorGeneralandLordJusticeofAppeal,andarecentconsenttoCatholicism,statedina etterto"TheLondonTimes" thatinhisopiniontheBritish s_onstitutionmayoffendthe UnitedNationsDeclarationof HumanRightsbecauseitisstill illegalinBritainforaCatholic a)becomeLordChancellor.The LordChancellorisatop-ranking memberoftheBritishCabinet, whodealswithlegalandjudicial matters.

"TheDeclarationofHuman Rights-thatnopersonshould bepenalisedbyreasonofhis :aith-shouldbringtotheattentionofParliamentandtheEngishpeoplethataloneofpublic officesinthiscountrythatof LordChancellormayyetprove tobeuntenablebyaRomanCatholic,"SirHenrywrote.

Headmittedthattheoath againstTransubstantiation-relic ofbitteranti-Catholicdays, whichtheLordChancellorshould takeonacceptingoffice-hasnot beenadministeredinrecentyears, buthedoubtedwhetherthisdiscontinuancemeantthatthequestionhadbeenclearedup.He wassupportedinthisview,Sir Henrysaid,byLordSimon,"a formidableconstitutionallawyer,"who,asLordChancellor, "gavetheHouseofLordshis viewofthepositionsomeyears ago."

(AccordingtotheCatholic Encyclopedia,theoathwasPiescribedbytheTestActof1672, whichcompelledallholdersof officeunderthecrowntomakea short "Declaration against Transubstantiation," swearing that"thereisnotanytransubstantiationintheSacramentof theLord'sSupper atorafter theconsecrationthereofbyany personwhatsoever.")

InattentionmaybringPolice Courtmention.

IntheabsenceofCardinal Mindszenty,Hungary'sBoardof Pishopsismeetingunderthe chairmanshipofArchbishop GroeszofKalocsa,whoonFebruary24celebratedthe20th.anniversaryofhisconsecration. Mgr.Groeszoccupiedthispositionduringtheintervalbetween CardinalSeredi'sdeathandthe appointmentofCardinalMindszenty.

TortureDrives PriestInsane

OSAKA,Japan,March24(NC).-TheRev.J,B.Bousquet, veteranParisforeignmissioner, whodiedinanOsakaprisonsix years'agoafterhavinglosthit mindundertortureofJapanese police,wasgivenaproperliturgicalburialhere.

Arrestedforhisstaunchoppce sitiontowhatthemilitaristscalledthedivinityoftheEmperor,FatherBousquetwassubjected tosuchtorturethathelosthis mindanddiedinsane,Though BishopPaulTaguchi,ofOsaka, waspermittedtocelebrateaRequiemMassforthedeadpriest atthattime,onlyfourCatholics couldattendalongwithsome20 membersofthemilitarypolice.

It'sCatching!

S'ENDAI,Japan,March24(Mail,NC).-Thenewpastorof SendaiCathedralhassuffered thefateofhispredecessor, FatherDeslauriers,0.P.,who wasrobbedfourtimeswhile holdingthecathedralpost.

OnthenightofAshWednesdaythievestookthenewpastor'schaliceandsupplyofvestments,thusdelayingtheopening ofLentenservices..

Hispredecessor,whoisnow ProfessorofPhilosophyatKyushuUniversity,inFukuoka,had beenrobbedfirstofhischaliceat the'cathedralhere.Nexta nocturnalvisitortookhisbicycle, thethirdhisovercoat,andthe fourthallhisvestments.

StabatMater,thehymnsung throughoutLentattheStations oftheCrosswaswritteninthe thirteenthcenturybyaFranciscan,JacaponedaTodi,who calledithis"poemoftears." Rossini,Astorga,Pergolesi,and othercomposershavesetitto music,

DR.SIMONDS[ORU.N.O.

Th..:PrimeMinister(Mr.Chifley)hasaskedfor hisGracetheCoadjutor-ArchbishopofMelbourne,Most Rev.J.D.Simonds,D.D.,Ph.D.,asamemberoftheAustralianDelegationtotheThirdRegularSessionofthe UnitedNationsGeneralAssembly,whichistoopenat LakeSuccessonApril5.

Sorreimportantmattersaffectingreligionandhuman freedomwillbebroughtupforconsiderationattheAssembl.,-,andthePrimeMinisterwantedaBishopasadvisertothedelegationontheseandothermatters.His GraceArchbishopKannixhasgladlyandgraciously agreedtoreleaseDr.Simondsforthisimportantduty.

Dr.SimondsleftbyaironMonday,28th.March

JapaneseArtistPainted MadonnaInSlacks

TOKYO,March24-(NC).-Japan'sleadingCatholicartist,TeresaKoseki,whoseMadonnapaintingshave broughtherworldfame,hasbeenforcedtotakeajob washingdishesinordertosupportherself.SheappliedforthejobattheTokyoSeminary.

MissKoseki,aconvertfromListevertopainttheBlessed northernJapan,isagraduateof theImperialArtSchool.Since herconversion,shehasconfined herworktoreligioussubjects, particularlytheBlessedVirgin. Sheisregardedasthefirstar-

Virginwearingslacks.Noirreverencewasintended-tne working-classmotherinJapan regularlywearsmanpei,aJapaneseversionofwhatAmerican womenwouldcallslacks.

TheReasonAnglicanOrdersAreInvalid

OnSundaylast,Irepliedto somequestionsfrom"Dogma," VictoriaPark,-onthesubjectof marriage,andpromisedtoanswerotherquestionswhichhe raisedassoonaspossible.The nextsubjecthementionedwas thepossibilityoftheordination ofChurchofEnglandministers beingvalid.

Hewritesasfollows:

"Anotherquestionconcerns thestatusofministersofthe ChurchofEngland.Ifthe firstbishopsoftheChurchof EnglandwereproperlyordainedbishopsoftheCatholic Church,thentheprieststhey ordained,assumingthiswas donewithproperform,must alsobeproperlyordained priestseventhoughworking intheChurchofEngland.

Andsothelineiscarriedon, makingtheChurchofEngland ministersequaltotheCatholic priests.

A.:TheministersoftheChurch ofEnglandhavebeendeclared, bytheirownleaders,bytheir ownmembers,bythemselvesas wellasbytheCatholicChurch, nottobepriestswiththepower ofofferingtheHolySacrificeof theMasstoGod.Withtheexceptionofaverysmallgroupof HighChurchmen,theministers oftheChurchofEnglanddo notbelieveintheSacrificeofthe MassandtheRealPresence,nor thattheyhavethepowerto offerthisSacrifice.Thissmall groupmaythinkthattheyare validlyordained,buttheyareno moreordainedthanistheleader ofthebandintheSalvation Armyorapreacherofsomenonconformistsectwhichdoesnot holdwithhavingbishops.

CorrectFormandIntentionLacking

nolongernecessary.Thenumherofsacramentswasreducedto two.

Themenwhoinstitutedthis newregimeinthereignofEdwardVI.andthosewhocarried itonmustbetherealwitnesses ofwhattheyintendedanddid, ratherthanthoseAnglicanswho haddifferentviewsto-day.The writingofsuchmenmustbe takeninpreferencetothewishfulthinkingofpresent-dayHigh ChurchAnglicanismIfthese menofoldabolishedtheSacramentofOrdination,andthen boastedofit,itisfutileforAngAcansofthenineteenthcenturytostrivetoprovethatit neverwasabolished.

Notonlymustthecorrect form,towhichyoureferinyour letter,beusedintheadministrationoftheSacramentofOrdination,buttheremustbeon the,partoftheordainingbishop theintentionofconferringthe sacrament,andonthepartofthe personbeingordainedtheremust betheintentionofreceivingthe sacrament.Thebishopmust intendtoimpartwhattheChurch intendstogivebyordination, andthepersonreceivingthesacramentmusthavetheintention ofreceivingwhattheChurch imparts.Itisperfectlyclear thatthebishopsofthetimebad nottheintentionofordaining sacrificingpriests,orthatthose whowerebeingordainedintendedtoreceivethepowertooffer theSacrificeofMassThis absenceoftheproperintention alonewouldrendertheordination,andconsequentconsecration,invalidandthustheline v,hichyouclaimasunbroken', severed.

ItistheteachingoftheCatholicChurchthatthereare sevenSacramentswhichhave beeninstitutedbyJesusChrist asmeansofmakingusholy. Whenthesesacramentsareadministeredintheprescribedway, theyconveysupernaturalgifts tothesoulsofthosewhoreceive them.Twoofthesacraments, baptismandmatrimony,canbe administeredbylaypeople;the otherfiverequirespecialpower intheminister.Thispoweris conveyedinthesacramentwhich soecallHolyOrders,whichnot onlymake.thepersonbeingordainedholy,asdotheothersacraments,butmakeshimcapable ofperformingactsofwhichhe wr,uldnototherwisebecapable -inparticular,ofofferingthe SacrificeoftheMass,inwhich thepriestmakesChristtobe reallypresentinHishumanity undertheappearancesofbread andwine.Thepriesthoodand itspowerscanbeconferredonly byonewhohasthepriesthood initsfullness,inotherwords,by aBishopValidlyordainedbishopsarethereforenecessaryfor thecontinuationofthepriesthoodThisisthedoctrineof theChurch.asitwasthefaith ofEnglanduntilthecomingof whatiscalledtheReformation. Then,beliefintheRealPresence ofChristintheBlessedEuchar_ istwasabandoned,togetherwith beliefintheMassasarealsacrifice.Priesthoodinitsreal sensewasthrownover,asItwas

dersasacrament.Hehadnew ideasabouttheChristianministry,andcomposedanewformto giveeffecttotheseideas.Ac' cordingtoCatholicprinciplesthe ritewhichheinstituteddidnot conveythespecialpowersofthe priesthood.Hehadeliminated fromtheformofordination everyallusiontopriesthoodor scrinceTheordersconferred byCranmer,whoWasatruebishop,evenafterhefellintoerror, havenotbeencalledintoqueston,butthosewhichheconferredafterhechangedtheform andintroducedthenewritewere definitelyinvalid.Theargumentthen'againsttheordersintroducedbyCranmercanbevery brieflysummedup.HedeliberatelyalteredtheformofconferringthesacramentofHoly Orders,thusrobbingitofallits essentialcharacter,sothatit ceasedtobethesacramentinstitutedbyChrist.Thiswasdone withasetpurpose,forCraw mer'sintentionaccordingtohimselfwastoexcludepriestlyorders,andhesucceededindoing whathesetduttodo.

thefivesectionsoftheOrthodox Churchmentionedwouldnot containeventhree-quartersofa millionofChristiansbetween them.

NotmanyAnglicanswhoknow thesectwilltakemuchsatisfactioninthesupportofsucha bodyastheOldCatholics.Re-

cognitioncamefromtheEastern ChurchesImentionedinthe yearsfollowingthefirstWorld Warwhenthepoliticalinfluence ofEnglandW68verystrongin theEasternMediterraneannd thelossofthesupportofthe RussianChurchwassoverysev_ erelyfelteconomicallythatthe Britishauthoritieshadtogrant amoratorium.Whatthesame PatriarchofJerusalemandhis synodhadrefusedsixteenyears beforetheynowinthecircumstancesconceded.Thisrather feentitestedonPageM.)

Theveryfactthatsomefew ministersoftheChurchofEnglandcenturieslater,whenthe furyofoppositiontoCatholic teachinghaddieddown,strove tobevalidlyordainedbyschismaticalbishopsoftheEastern churches,provesthattheyknew thattheywerenotvalidlyordained,and,themisrepresentationsonmattersof'doctrine whichtheymademusthaverenderedtheirclaimtoheproperly ordainedpriestsludicrous.

Asasacramentisanexternal signchosenbyGodtoimpart grace,itisclearthattheoutward formwhichheprescribedmust beused.Thesacramentisonly effectivebecauseofthesignificanceattachedtoit.Tomake anychangewhichwouldafter shesignificationwouldprevent thesacramentfromproducing itseffect,Iftheessentialrite ofthesacramentisalteredthen thesacramentisnolongervalidlyconferred.Inorderthatthe powerofthepriesthoodmayhe ,nveyeriinthesacramentof HolyOrders,theformmustex'messeitherpriesthoodorthe specialfunctionofapriest. Cranmer,theprimemoverinthe changeofreligion,believedin neither,nordidheconsiderOr-

Cranmerandhisfollowersmutilatedtheformofordination, declaredthattheChristian Churchhadnopriestsandnu sacrifice,pulleddownthealtars throughouttheland,andsetup tablesinstead.ThoughtheyretainedthetitlesofBishop,Priest andDeacon,theymadeitquite clearthattheydidnotattachto themthetraditionalmeaning, andiftheKing'sgracewaswillingtodoawaywithbishopsthey informedhimthattheywould havenoobjection.Infaceof allthis,"Dogma,"howcanyou claimthatAnglicanordersare validto-dayandthattheyhave beenhandedoninanunbroken linefromproperlyordainedbishops?

Alotofcapitalhasbeenmade fromthefactthattheCatholic Churchisnotunanimousinits condemnationofAnglicanOrders.ThefactthatcertainCatholicbodieshaveinrecentyears recognisedAnglicanOrdershas beenparadedbeforethepublic, whoareignorantofthedetails.

Intheyear1922theChurchof Constantinople,intheyear1923 theChurchofJerusalem,the ChurchofCyprusalsoin1923, theOldCatholicsin1925,the ChurchofAlexandriain1930, andtheChurchofRumaniain 1936,allofthemschismatical, conditionallyrecognisedtheval-, idityofAnglicanOrdersThis listoffivesectionsoftheOr thodoxChurchandthesect knownasOldCatholics,wholeft theCatholicChurchafterthe VaticanCouncil,soundsveryimpressive,butitmustberecalled thatmostofthosebodiesare verysmall,eveninsignificant. Forinstance,.therearefouror fivetimesasmanyCatholicsin manydiocesesoftheCatholic Churchasthere'areOldCatholicsinallEurope,andfourof

W2406.

EASTERINOTHERLANDS

EasterIn U.S.A.

ThisEastershouldhaveaspecialsignificanceforthosewho aresofortunateastoliveinthe UnitedStates.Whileinother landsEastertraditionsmayhave tobeforsakenorkeptinabeyanceforpurelypoliticalreasons, inourownlandandthroughout theAmericaspeoplearefreeto observe,thisgreatfeastinallits radianceandglory.

ThebrightnessofEasterjoy hasilluminedalmosteveryland; butifsuchajoyistocontinue, thepeoplesoftheworld-all peoplesinalllands-mustbeenabledtocelebratethisgreat feastinfullpoliticalfreedom. ThisEaster,weshoulddedicate ourselvesanewtothiscauseand prayandstrivethatfreedombe keptaliveamongallmankind.

Aschildrenwebecameso familiarwithEasterjoysand tradtionsasprastisedinour ownland,thatasadultswetend toforgetthatourcomparatively youngcountryowesaspecial Easterdebttoolderlands.We owemuchtothesecountriesfor ourblessedheritage,andwe shouldbeeveralerttocounteractingtheenemiesofallChristianjoy,whethertheseenemies workintheopen,asabroad,or moresubtly,asinourowndear land.

TwoPopeswerenamedPaschal,thenamedesignatingEasterintheearlydays,derivations ofwhicharestillusedinLatin countries."JoyousSunday"is anothernameforit,becausethe liturgyforEastersymbolisesunboundedjoy.

HoldYear,1950

TNfAUSIRAIA PILGRIMAGEFOR ROME

WilldepartMAY,1950

ReturnSEPTEMBER, 1950

THEPILGRIMAGEWILL

COVER-

Rome12days.Lisieux1day.

Lourdes3days.Florence1day

Fatima2days.London12days

SupplementaryTraveltoEire andotherpartscanbearrangonreturntoLondon.

Thos.Cook,inconjunction withNationalOfficewillarrangealltravel.

InclusiveFarefortraveland accommodationfrom£425 (Aust.)

BOOKINGSandRESERVA-

TIONSmustbemadeEARLY.

ApplytoyourDiocesanDirector,CatholicMissions.

WESTERNAUSTALIA.

Perth:Rev.C.Stinson,CatholicMissionsOffice,81St. George'sTerrace,Perth.

Geraldton:VeryRev.B.Gallagher,Ph.D.,ThreeSpring.

Kimberley:MostRev.Otto

Raible,DD.,P.S.M.,Broome

NewNorcia:Rev.D.A. Tahau,O.S.B.,NewNorcia.

OrNationalOffice:175ElizabethStreet,Sydney.

Hungary

England

HungariansintheUnited Statesfollowacustomoftheir nativeland.OnEasterthey takebasketsofmeat,eggs,and breadtochurchtobeblessed. AnoldEasterMondaytradition inHungaryalasfortheboysto duckthegirlsinfountainsor brooks.Inrecentyearsthe girlshavereceivedgentlertreatment:theboysmerelysprinkle themwithperfumedwater,intendedtokeepthemfrom"witheringaway."

Onceitwascustomaryin EnglandtopassaroundahandballduringtheEasterservice. Theprobableexplanationfor thisisthatinthosedaysLent wastrulya.penitential.season whenthefaithfulmarkedthe beginningofspringand,therefore,oftheseasonforoutdoor sports.Infact,theseasoncommencedwithagameofhandball, inwhichthereweretwelveparticipants,honouringthetwelve Apostles.

0111111141k:ImiussusadinssitssoIcissoissurArammossirioranismtivolfan1:041111111141140

SeasonOfPeace

BySISTERMARYANNA,O.P.

(WrittenforN.C.W.C.EasterSupplement).

Thisistheseasonofpeaceandofcalm,exultation: Nowaretheantiphonsjewelledwithalleluias, Andonouraltarsthetapersaretippedwithastarglow Gentleasthatwhichoncesilveredatombinagarden.

Hyacinthsblossomlikeincenseupcurlingtoheaven; Fieldsfulloflily-folktrumpetthatChristisrisen.

Yetinoursoulsthereisbroodinganuneasysadness.

Deepinthemindofmankindtherearequestionsunanswered;

Whereisthepeacethatwaspromised,thepeacethatwas paidfor

Dearly.sodearlyinsudden-spilledlifebloodoflovedones?

Winningthewar,haveweforfeitedpeaceinourtriumph? IsitthePassionstill?Whencomestheworld'sResurrection?

Onlywheneachinhisheartwillmakepeacewithhis neighbour;

OnlywhenallmenareviewedintheMysticalBody, BrothersinChristandasmembersoneofanother.

Thenshallthestonerollhackfromthetombofsorrow, ThenshallwerisewithOurSaviourintriumphand

`VillageOfSt.Francis'

HOUSINGFROJECT

(N.C.W.C.NewsService).

ROME,March17.-Laying ofthefirststoneinthevillageof St.Francishousingprojectfor thedestitutehomelessofRome lastSundaybroughtoutthefact thatwithinaweekoftheopeningofthefundcampaignforit, popularsubscriptionshadmatchedtheoriginalgiftof50million lire(about80,000dollars)made ayearagobyHisHolinessPope PiusXII. Thecampaignhadbeenopened bytheJesuitorator,theRev. RiccardoLombardi,inanaddressonMarch6,whenhedescribedtheplightofRome's homeless. Milanhastakenuptheidea, andalreadyhasbroke:*ground onasimilarproject,while Naplesispreparingacampaign forthesamepurpose.

FatherLombardi,inhisaddresshere,outlinedtheterrible conditionsinwhich1,400homelessfamilies,about8,000persons,areexistinginandaround Rome.Theyarehuddledin ruins,eveninarchaeologicalexcavationsintheRomanForum;

CARMELITECARDPARTY.

Aspreviouslyannounced,the partyhasbeenarrangedforFridaynight,22nd.April.The SistersofMercyareagainlendingtheroomsattheCollege, VictoriaSquare(entrancefrom HayorGoderichStreets).Will ladiespleasebringsomesupper? CountryfriendsoftheSisters note:Raffleticketsinthebeautifullyworkedluncheonsetare stillavailablefrom MissA. Chesson,406CharlesStreet, NorthPerth.

inimprovisedlean-tos,andin cavesinthehillsinandaround thecity.

TheVillageofSt.Francis,a completelynewvillage,isthe ideaofasmallgroupofconstructionmen.Itwillcontain about100individual'housing units,eachhavingfourapartmentsofthreerooms,kitchen, bath,aplotforagarden,anda privateentrance.

Aquadrangularareainthe centreofthevillagewillaccommodateachurch,aschool, marketsandapiazza.Around thisthehomeswillbebuilt.

ThecityofRomehasdonated thelandfortheproject,andwill alsoprovideforpublicfacilitiessuchaswater,lightingand paving.Uponcompletionthe projectwillremainmunicipal property.

LanguageOf ChristAtMass

LONDON,March17.-Strange languageswererecentlyheard intwoBritishCatholicchurches. MassintheMaroniteRitewas celebratedatSt.Anne'sCathedral,Leeds,Yorkshire,byMsgr. MichaelRajji,Archivistofthe PatriarchateofLebanon,-whois inthiscountryforresearch workinSyrianmanuscripts. Syro-Aramaic,thelanguageused fortheMass,is,accordingto tradition,thatusedby,Christ.

AsermonandhymnsinGaelicwereheardinLondonatthe annual serviceatCorpus Chri7;.:Church,MaidenLane, 1,-stofftheStrand,Thehymns weresungbythechoirofthe GaelicLeague,whichorganised theservice.

Swiss Easter

Nocountryhasamonopoly onthetitleEaster-minded,but certanlynocountrygivesitself motecompletelytoEastergladnessthanlittleSwitzerland. FromPalmSundayon,Holy Weekobservance,climaxedby Easterjoy,ischaracteristicofall sectionsofthecountry.

Animportantanddistinctive ritualinthemoreCatholicregionsofSwitzerlandisthe blessingofthefireonHolySaturday.Thisisparticularlytrue atCaronaandelsewhereinthe Italian-speakingcantonofTicino. Sinceabigpileofashesisrequired,thebonfireateachchurch doorhastobeofverygenerous proportions.Afterthefirehas dieddown,villageboyscollect theashesanddistributethese amongthehouseholdersasa treasuredguaranteeagainstdisastertothehomeuntilthenext HolySaturdaycomesaround.

Distributionof'Easterbread" i;adistinctivefeatureofthe tinyvillageofSavieseabove Sion,intheValais.Inthis primitivemountainfastness whereallyearroundthepeasantseatdarkbread,agenerous sliceofwhitebread,accompanied byaglassofhome-madewine, istheproperEasterrefreshment offeredtovisitors.Thisancient traditionissymbolicofthebread andwineoftheLastSupperand thedailysacrificeoftheMass. Mysteryplays,datingfrom theMiddleAges,areenacted ithtruereverenceandsolemnityonGoodFridayinmany partsofSwitzerland.

Poland

Oneofthemostcharming Eastercustomstobefoundin EuropeisPolish.Itisanold superstitionamongthepeasants thatanotherworldexistsbeneaththeearth,oneinwhichthe sunnevershines.ForthatreasonPolishchildrenthrowcoleuredeggshellsintothestreams tolettheinhabitantsofthat gloomyunderworldknowofthe comingofspring,

British Helicopter

World'sFastest,andCombines ComfortWithSpeed.

Britishaircorrespondentswho recentlyflewintheFaireyGyrodyne,describeitas"oneofthe mostcomfortableofallaircraft atcruisingspeed."

Themachineisstatedtohave cruisednear100milesperhour withlittlenoiseandscarcelyany vibration.Abovethisspeedthe noiseincreased,butitwasstill nomorethaninanordinary aeroplane, Easeofcontrolisclaimedto begreaterthaninotherhelicopters,sincetherearenoadditions tothenormalaeroplanecontrols ofstick,rudder,pedalsand throttle:Duringthedemonstrationflightthepilotshowed thattheaircraft,onceonthe course,wouldflyeitherhands offorfeetoff.ThisGyrodyne, whichisBritishdesignedand built,hasaseatingcapacityfor four.

ByFRANCISGILBERT

Repentance

Theseverepenaltywhichwas recentlymetedouttotheLondon"DailyMirror"foritscon-. temptofcourtintheHaigh murdercase,shouldservetoinstilasenseofcaution,ifnotof responsibility,intothosepublic organsofsensationalism.What

thesordidnews-sheetsfailtorealiseisthateachandeveryfailureinthedirectionofself-disciplineaddspowerandcogency tothecaseforexternalcontrol offreedomofexpression-acontroluponwhichthemodern power-crazedStateisonlytoo readytoseizeonthefrailest pretext,Theplainmancan seeveryreadilyhowtheabuse offreedominthisinstanceactuallyimperilsthelifeofaman bycreatingsuchgeneralnausea andprejudicethatitwillbe

AtLeisure

extremelydifficulttoensurehim afairtrial.Itiscomfortingto knowthatanewspaper,nomatterhowwealthyandinfluential, cannotgetawaywithanenormityofthatcalibre. WhatIwanttodiscusshere, however,arethesocialsinswith whichthepressofourtimescan anddoesgetaway.Ihavein mindparticularlythecaseof Spain,wheretheBlackLegend isshowingnosignsofabatement,despitetheobviouspoliticalnecessitiesofthepresentand future.Notevenintheheatof ourcoldwarwithRussiadoes thePressoftheworldapproach thehysteriaandfull-blooded hatewhichbysneeringinunendo andcynicalcommentitstill bearsagainsttheSpanishnation. Thischurlish,dull-wittedandut-

PainterandRenovator

A.J.Cochrane&Son

SBULWERAVENUE.PERTH 'PHONE:B8912,

terlyunreasoningprejudiceis,ofouslyinsultedinthecouncilsof ccurse,partofalong,eviltradi-U.N.O.(withagoodshareofigtion.Butitsimmediatecause-nominyforourowncountry)ap tionwouldseemtospringfrompatentlytopleasetheSoviet. agiganticpridewhichvaguelyFurthermore,itsrecordofpusilsensesithasmadeagargantuanlanimityandfeeblenesscould mistake,butwillnotretractit,scarcelyappealtothevirile,uncomeHellorhigh-water.ThecompromisingSpaniard,Most moralweaknessofoursystem,importantlythesigningofthe however,isthatnothingcanbeAt,anticPactamountstoacondonejuridicallytopreventthefessionbytheBigPowersthat calumniationofawholepeople.U.N.O.hasbeenwrittenoffasa Thereisnopracticalredressdeadloss.Face-savingwillenagainstthegenocideofslanderyuleitscontinuity,butitismore onanationalscale. thandoubtfulthatanythingcan Therewasanunpleasingex-breatheintoitthebreathoflife. ampleofthisintheweek-endFrancomaybechafingaboutthe press,entitled"CocktailsFailtoabsenceofforeignambassadors, ClearFranco."AccordingtothebutunlesstheenemiesofSpain pulpartistwhosentthescreed,arepreparedtosendmenwith theSpanishEmbassyinWash-somecomprehensionofthesoul ingtonhasbeenentertaininglay-ofEurope,IfancySpainwillenishlywiththeaimofwinningAm-duretheirlosswithouttoomuch ericanfavourfor(1),repealingheart-burning. theU.N.O.banonhavingambas-Fromthepracticalpointof sadorsinMadrid,(2)toobtainaview,onemightthinkthatthe bigAmericanloan,and(3)toanti-Communistblocrepresented securemembershipinU.N.O.IbytheAtlanticPactwouldacratherthinkthatrecenthappen-tivelyseektheaidandcomfort ingsindicatethebootisontheofEurope'ssaviour.Thanksto otherfoot.WhateverwooingFranco'sgallantinitiative,Ets. hasbeengoingonplacesBritainropeandtheworldweregranted andAmericainthemalerole,a10-yearrespitetoorganise andbeitsaidtothecreditofagainsttheworldconspiracy theUnitedStates,itspoliticianswhichheoverthrewinSpainin havebeenmoremanly,ifnot1939.ByitsattitudetoFranco moremasculine,thanthepressofalargesectionoftheworld's theworldinSpain'sregard.pressisobstructingtheunitsof Aboutcurrentrumours,however,treemenagainstMarxisttotaliIthinkitonlyfairtonotethattarianisni.Itisallthesnore Francohasahealthyapprehen-extraordinarywhenweconsider donoffallingintothehandsofhowbothMr.Churchillandthe internationalusurersthroughcon-tePresidentRooseveltacknowtractinganexternalloan.CerlodgedtheWesternPowers'elan tainlyhehasmorethanoncere-mousdebttoSpainduringthe jectedthesuggestionofraisingrecentwar.Itistimethatthe foreigndebits,andhissuspicionspressconfessedmanfully'.tits havenotbeenallayedbythefactpastmistakesandpermittedtt'e thatthepeoplemostanxioustopoliticianstherebytosaveface lendhimmoneyhavebeenhisandtochangeapolicywhichis avowedenemies. plainlyinimicaltoourmostvital

AsforSpanishambitionstointerests.Ifthecoldwarshould jointheUnitedNations,thisIthawwewillneedSpain,anddedon'tthinkcanbetreatedseri-spiteourstupidities,Spainwill ously.Spainhasbeengratuit-bewithusinthecrisis.

Law.Itisimmoraltotorture prisonersofwar,butitisperfectlegitimatetodecimatethe Japanesepopulationbyfoisting contraceptivesonthem.Not averyprettyorlogicalpicture! Fromthemilitarypointofview itmustseemtotheAsiaticthat werelyonouratombomb.From theeconomicpointofview, itisplainthatayefear competition.Indeed,British andAmericanmanufacturers arealreadysquealingabout unfairCompetition.Imaybe oldfashioned,butitseemsto metobeanunfairbusinesspracticetosetoutdeliberatelytoreducethenumberofproductive workersinarivalnation,SurelyourmuchvauntedtechnoloOcalsuperioritycandevisemore decentmethodsofremaining cockofthewalk.

putitisparamotintlyfrom theviewpointoftheChristian missionarythatwemustview thisdiabolicalofficialproposal.It isenormouslydishearteningto thosewhoaresincerelyendeavouringtoremovetherootcause ofJiapanesemilitarism-their paganism-tofindthatourown neopleareproposingtodebaseit stillfurther.

Giventheopportunity,the TapanesewelcometheFaithof Christ,and,asSt.Francis Xavierproved,clingtoitwi.himpressivetenacity.Itismonstrous thatweshouldtolerateanysugsestionofdestroyingthenatural moralityofapeople,forthatis thefoundationonwhichthe Christiansuperstructureistobe built.Itisnotalessevildesignthanifweshouldpropose tokilloffdirectlyeverytenth Japanesebaby.TheJapanese areadmittedlynosaints,butat 'easttheirhighbirth-rateamong adverseeconomicconditions nointstosomebasisofnatural moralityandemphasisesbycontrastthehypocriticalpretexts putforwardforourowndebase-

ShapeOfThingsToCome

Mr.Chifley'srecentwarningto thenationaboutapossibleslump inthepricesofwheatandwool, consideredinconjunctionwith hisearlierpredictionsaboutthe "mobilityoflabour,"serveto confirmanuneasethatisinthe mindsofmanyto-daythatwe andtheworldatlargemaybe headingintoanother"depression."ThebasisoftheAastres lianeconomystillrestsonthe valueofourexportsofprimary products,anditisperfectlyobviousthatthefantasticpricesof thepastfewyearscann,tindefinitelypersist.Indeedthere sreevensomemoralcons,derationsaboutourprimaryproducersgrowingrichattheexpenseofhungry,strickenpeople. Furthermore,itisgenerallyconcededthattheUnitedStates holdthekeytotheworld'seconomicposition,andfallingprices, combinedwithmountingunem ploymentfiguresare,inanyestimate,notreassuring.

Forthosewho.rememberthe grimyearsofthe'twenties,-the prospectofanother"depression" willbeahauntingspectre.Yet itiswelltorealisethatthe structureofmoderncapitalistsocietyisessentiallyunstable,and thatweshouldneverlendourselvestotheillusionofinevitable progresswhichusedtodominate theliberalphilosophy.However,thereisreasontoanticipate thatowingtothesoundfinancial administrationofthepresent Government,theeconomicimpactofa"depression"couldto

someextentbe"cushioned."Certainlyitneednottakeusunawares.Thelesseningofoverseasborrowing,andhenceof crushinginterestburdens,has beenlargelymitigatedbythe susotitutionofraisinginternal loans.Byvirtueorcontracts withBritain,thecommodity pticesofprimaryproductshave beenstabilised,whiletheremarkabledevelopmentofsecondary industryinthepast20yearshas lentoureconomyasalutarydiversification.

However,whatevercanbe donebywayofprudentforesight,aneconomicrecession wouldhitushardallthesame. The"if"and"when"ofitsoccurrencewilldependontheabilityorAmericatoemergefrom itsinflationaryspiral.Buttwo verygraveconsequencesarelike lytoemergeifandwhenthe crashcomes.Itwouldgreatly stimulatetheRussiancaseagain. stcapitalismandwouldweaken theinternalresistanceofthedemocracies.Moreover,itwould havetobemetbymorestringent domesticcontrols,suchasthedirectionoflabour,alreadyforeshadowedbythePrimeMinister.Theseareprospectsquite asuninvitingastheactualeconomichardshipstobeanticipated, Thereisonlyonealternativetorestoreproperty-butIfearit isbothtoolateandtoorevolutinaryforthepresent.Itmay bethattheCatholicopportunity tobuildwillcomeonlywhenSocialismhasbeentriedandfound intolerable

FiendishPlotAgainst!apan

AccordingtoPressreports, Dr.WarrenThompson,adviser onpopulationtoGeneralMacArthur,hassubmittedareport recommendingtheintroduction ofbirthcontrolintoJapanasa meansofcheckingthatnation's naturalrateofincrease.We growwearyofpointingoutthat thequestionofpopulationisnot primarilyastatisticalorpolitical one,butamoralissuewherein whateverisproposedmustmeasureuptothedesignsofProvidenceasrevealedbytheNaturalLawonthelowestlevel.Isit notoddthatourbasicobjections

tothewartimeconductofthe Japanesewerethatitwassubhuman,andyetnowresponsible PartiesamongtheOccupation Forcescancalmlyrecommend policieswhichareunnaturaland aspaganasanythingthatcanbe foundintheOrient.

Ofcourse,whatconfusesthe contemporarynon-Christianis theviewthatevilandcrueltyare synonymous.(Itisaview commonlyexpoundedlocallybeProfessorMurdoch.)Itsappar_ entcorollaryisthatwhatever canbedonepainlesslycannot possiblytransgresstheMoral

STPATRICK'SDAY,1949.

InDublinthePresidentand Mrs.0'KellyattendedSolemn HighMassatthePro-Catheqlrtd. atwhichHisGraceMostRev. Dr.J.C.McQuaid,Archbishop ofDublinandPrimateofIreland,presided.

TheTaoiseachandthemembersoftheGovernment,theParliamentarySecretaries,andMr. deValeraandMr.FrankAiken alsoattended.

InLondon,HisExcellency ArchbishopWilliamGodfrey, ApostolicDelegate;theHigh CommissionerforIreland,Mr. JohnDulanty;LordParkenham, BritishMinisterofCivilAviationandauthorof"Peaceby Ordeal,"andMr.'ComptonMackenzie,wereamongsttheguests ofhonourattheNationalUniversityofIrelandClub'stwentiethannualcelebrationofSt.Patrick'sDay,heldatGrosvenor House,ParkLane.Thetoast of-Ireland"wasproposedby ArchbishopGodfrey.

NewYork'sIrishcitizens marchedproudlyupFifth AvenueintheirtraditionalSt. Patrick'sDayparade.The"luck oftheIrish"waswiththem,for theirmarchedbeneathclear, sunnyskies,accompaniedby skirlingpipesandthrobbing drums.

ThousandsmassedonFifth Avenueandinsidestreets, scraperwindowswerecrowded wthotherwatchers,whotossed outwhitecloudsoftornpaper. Allmarchersandmostbystandersworeatleastatouchof green.

The"NewYorkJournal-American"proclaimedinagreen-ink headline:"80,000IrishMarchToDay."

CardinalSpellman,Archbshop ofNewYork,andagroupof Catholicclergysatinarmchairs onthestepsofSt.Patrick'sCathedralwatchingtheparade.A reviewingstandwaserectedfartheruptheAvenue.

Itisestimatedthat1,750,000 personssawtheparade.Grand MarshalJ.A.Coleman'said: "Thisisundoubtedlythebiggest daywehaveeverhad."

TheIrish,longdominantelementinBoston,alsomarched.

Soaringabove15,000marchers were18long-rangejet'planes, threesuperfortresses,and60 otheraircraft.MayorJamesM. Curleyreviewedthemarch.He alsosentgreetingsbytransatlantictelephonetoMr.Costello.

InMontrealmorethan76,000

Irish-Canadiansandfriends throngedthestreetstowatch 10,000marchersinthecity's greatestSt.Patrick'sparade sincetheeventwasinaugurated in1824.

Theparade,ledbymilitary bands,consistedofpolicedetachments,Irishsocietiesand

RompromIreland

ganisations,anddetachments corntheCatholicparishes, BritishandAmericanairlift 'planesflewinshamrockforthe Irishcommunitycelebrating theirfirstSt.Patrick'sDayin blockaded,Berlin.Althoughthere arefewerthan30Irishcitizens intheGermancapital,thereare anestimated300Irish-AmericansservingwiththeU.S.forces. AspecialMasswascelebrated.

PLANTORECALLEXILED WORKERS.

ThattheDepartmenthadbeen consideringaplanforencouragingskilledworkerswhohademigratedtoBritaintoreturnto irelandwiththepromiseofcontinuousemployment,wasstated byMr.T,J.Murphy,Minister forLocalGovernment,whenhe openedaschemeofnon-municipalhousesatBohorbue,North Cork.

IRISHMINISTER'SVIEWS ONSOCIALSERVICES.

Socialserviceswerenotgoodin themselves,Itwasabetter idealforthebulkofthepeople toworksothattheirwagesand themoneyreturnedfortheirserviceswouldbeputatsucha heightthatpeoplewouldbeenabledandexpectedtosavein o.dertoprovidesuchservicesfor themselves.

Thesearethepersonalviewsof Mr.McGilligan,Ministerfor Finance,asexpressedatajoint discussionbytheInstituteof ust Accountants (Dublin Group),andtheCharteredInstituteofSecretaries(Eire Branch)on"StateControland Expenditureinrelationtonationalproductivity."

Mr.McGilligansaidthatsome socialserviceswerenecessary, but,ingeneral,iftheidealhe suggestedwasnotaccepted,the workersinthiscountrywould losetheirindependence.It shouldalsoberememberedthat, despitethesurrenderofhisresponsibilitiesandindependence, theworkerwould,intheend,be payingforthoseservices.

ST.FRANCISXAVIERCRUCIFIXINDUBLIN.

AcrucifixwhichSt.Francis Xaviercarriedwithhiminthe Nastwasraisedinblessingover thehugecongregationwhichattendedtheNovenaofGraceof St.FrancisXavierinSt. Michan'sChurch,Dublin,where thisNovenabeganovertwohundredyearsago.

Rev,PatrickDoherty,S.J.,who conductedtheNovena,gavethe blessingwiththiscrucifix,which wasbroughtfromFrancein 1763byaFatherMulkall,SJ,

RYANANDBURNS OPTOMETRISTS 'AND OPTICIANS

37WILLIAMST.,PERTH(NexttoA.M.P.)

M.P.RYAN,W.A.O.A.(Dip.).

W.A.BURNS,F.S.M.C.(London). FORAPPOINTMENTS,'PHONEB2080.

VISITMIDLANDJUNCTIONTHURSDAYS.

APPOINTMENTSATWRIGHT'S,CHEMIST. s

assistantpriestinSt.Michada, whobestoweditonthePresentationConvent,George'sHill, Dublip,whereitispreserved.. Thecrucifixwasexposedat theshrineoftheSaint,wherehis picture,paintedbyacelebrated artistoftheparishnearly150 yearsago,hasbeenrecentlyreplaced.

RADIOTRIBUTETODR. MANNIX,

"Amongstthechampionsof ourlibertiesatthebarofworld opinion,historywillrecordnone soelficientry,nonesocourageous, astheArc.hbishopofMeloburne," saidRt.Rev.MonsignorA.Ryan, D.D.,D,Ph.,Queen'sUniversity, Belfast,whenhepaidtributeto thegreatIrishprelateina1....1k iromRadioEireannintheseries "MaynoothMen,"onHisGrace MostRev.Dr.Mannix,ArchbishopofMelbourne.

DescribingDr.Mannixas/Jaynooth'sgreatestlivingson,MonsignorRyantracedHisGrace's earlycareerfromthetimeheattendedtheChristianBrothers' SchoolinhisnativeR1thluire, Co.Cork,untilhewasappointed PresidentofMaynoothCollege, apresidencywhich,hesaid,was outstandinginthecollege'shistory.

In1912Dr,MannixwasnominatedbythePopeasCoadjutor toArchbishopCarr,ofMelbourne.OnEasterSunday,1913, heenteredMelbourneforthe firsttime,andonthatdaybeganoneofthemostmemorable episcopatesofthemodern Church,anepiscopatewhichhas continuednowfor36years,and stillflourishedwithundimmed vigour,MonsignorRyansaid.

N.S.W.AGENT-GENERAL PRAISESIRISHEMIGRANTS.

SpeakingattheKnightsofSt. Columbadinnerattheirc.ubin LandsdowneRoad,London,Mr. J.Tully,Agent-GeneralforNew SouthWales,saidthathaditnot beenfortheIrishemigrants,tl.e CatholicFaithwouldnothave beanasstrongasitwasto-day nAustralia.

NewPowerUse

ForPeat

ThevastpeatbogsofScotland maysoonbecomeagreatnewreservoirofpowerforindustry andtransport.Research.now indicatesthatpeatmayprove idealfuelforgasturbineengines.

Thisdiscoveryalsobrings otherimportantdevelopmentsin itstrain.Theremovaloflarge quantitiesofpeatforfuelmay el-ablewidestretchesofhithert, unproductivegroundtobetransformedintogoodfarmingland. Thescientistswhoevolvedmany ofBritain'singeniouswartimeinventionsarenowworkingonplansforamonster plough,capableofclearingseveralhundredfeetofpeatbog eachday.

Theploughwillbeworkedby agasturbineunitwhichwillitselfusepeatasthefuelforprovidingthenecessarypower,Its bladeswillliftpeatinsix-foot slices,crushit,andthenburnit. Thehotairandsteamproduced byburningpeatwillthenbeconvertedintoenergy.Thiscan alsobeusedforgenerating lightbymeansofaconnecting wiretoanoverheadcable.

BRITISHFOURJETENGINE AIRLINER

OntheBritishlongdistance airroutesistheTudorEight, nowintheexperimentalstage. Claimedtobethefastestairliner-ithastownat430m,p,h. -thisBritish-builtfour-jetmachineissoontoundertakeflights atanaltitudeof4'4,000feet,or approximatelyeightmiles.

SCHOOLSANDCOLLEGES

LORETOCONVENT"OSBORNE" CLAREMONT BOARDINGANDDAYCOLLEGE.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmodernlinesinall branchesofstudy.Thepupilsarepreparedforallexaminations.TheSchoolis.beautifullysituatedbetweenOceanand River,inextensiveground!,withfineplayingfieldsandprivate SwmmingPoolinRiver.

Telephone:F2135. Apply-MOTHERSUPERIOR.

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ST.ILDEPHONSUS'COLLEGE

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BoysacceptedfromSixthClasstoLeavingCertificate EarlyApplicationissuggestedfor1949

ForProspectusandforcondittonsgoverningenrolmentwrite'o: THEBROTHERSUPERIOR

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Teleg.:"Millars'Timber." 'Phone:BA4141. PromptAttentionandService. BranchesatPrincipalCountryTowns.

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FUNERALDIRECTORS

DOALBANYROAD, VICTORIAPARE

33CAN"ZINGHIGHWAY, :.ASTFREMANTLI

HolyWeekCeremonies

ListOfSacredMinisters

PALMSUNDAY:

10.45a.m.:SolemnBlessing ofthePalms,followedbyHigh Mass.

HisGracetheArchbishopwill solemnlyblessthepalmsand presideatHighMass.

Celebrant:VeryRev.Dean Rafferty,Adm.

Deacon:Rev.J.Hogan.

Sub-Deacon:Rev.M.Ryan. AssistantDeaconsatThrone: RtRev.MonsignorMoss,Rt. Rev.MonsignorKennedy.

AssistantPriest:Rev.J.O'Farrell.

DeaconsofthePassion:

Christus:Rev.D.F.Bourke, C.M.

Narrator:Rt.Rev.Monsignor

Goody.

Synagogue:Rev.TPrendiville.

7.30p.m.:Devotions.

Preacher:VeryRev.J.P.Wilkinson,C.M.

SPYWEDNESDAY.,

730p.m.:Tenebrae.

Presiding:HisGracethe Archbishop.

Chanters: Rev.T.Ahern;Rev.J.McGillicuddy.

Lamentations:

1.Rev.T.Prendiville.

2.Rev.C.Stinson

3ReV.J.McGillicuddy.

Lessons:

4.ReV.T.Ahern.

5.Rev.M.Byrne.

6.Rev.J.Depiazzi.

7.Rev.M.McKeon.

8.Rev.J.McNamara.

9.RevK.Duffy.

ChoirforTenebrae:

SpyWednesday. Preacher:OblateFather.

GOODFRIDAY:

10am.:MassofthePre,sanctified.AdorationoftheCross. Presiding:HisGracetheArchbishop.

Celebrant:Rev.J.Hogan.

Deacon:Rev.C.Stinson.

Sub-Deacon:Rev.T.Ahern

AssistantsatThrone:Rt.Rev. MonsignorMoloney;Rt.Rev. MonsignorMoss.

AssistantPriest:Rt.Rev.MonsignorKennedy.

Lector:Rev.KDuffy.

Deaconsof.thePassion:

Christus:Rev.D.F.Bourke, CM. Narrator:Rt.RevMonsignor Goody. Synagogue:Rev.T.Prendiville

Sub-DeaconandCross-Bearer: Rev.J.J.McGrath. Preacher:Rev.J.McNamara. 3p.m.:StationsoftheCross. Preacher:RedemptoristFather. 7.30pm.Tenebrae.Ason SpyWednesday.

Preacher:RedemptoristFather.

HOLYSATURDAY:

8.30a.m.:

BlessingofPaschalFire. BlessingofPaschalCandle. ChantingoftheProphecies. BlessingoftheBaptismal Font. ChantingoftheLitanies.

HolyMassandVespers.

TheCeremoniesbytheVery Rev.RectorandStudentsofSt. Charles'Seminary.

EASTERSUNDAY:

TAYLOR(neeWright).-On April1st.,atSt.JohnofGod Hospital,Subiaco,'toFrancesandAllan-adaughter (Helen).Bothwell.

DEATHS

HORNE.,Elizabeth.-'On5th. April,at80BennettStreet, belovedwifeofthelateMorrisHorne,lovingmotherof Rose(SisterGertrude,Coolgardie),Elizabeth(Mother Dolores.Attadale),Alice, Mary(Mrs.Swan),Josephine (Mrs.Keyser);sisterofRose (SisterMaryJoseph,Coolgardie),mother-in-lawOfDon andRay,lovingMa-maof Elizabeth,Rosemary,Valerie, andVernonKeyser,andFrancisandSusanneSwan, JOHNSTON,-OnMarch26th., 1949,suddenly,BridgetCatherine,dearlybelovedwifeof CharlesWalterJohnston,lovingmotherofMary(Mrs.K. D.Heenan,CityHotel),Bar bara(Mrs.H.Hooper,Waterman'sBay),Ursula(Mrs.L. J.Keating,Wembley),Edeline (deceased),Jack(Kalgoorlie), Imelda(Mrs.E.Lennon,Kalgoorlie).RIP.

JOHNSTON.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthesoulofBridget Catherine,whopassedaway suddenlyonMarch26,1949. MostSacredHeartofJesus, havemercyonhersoul.

-Insertedbyherlovingdaughter,Ursula,fondson-in-law, Lenandgrandchildren,Gabrielle,MichaelandPauline.

FORSALE

Mt.Hawthorn:AttractiveBrick, TileHouseonbusroute.Expensivemodernfurniture. Vacantpossession.£3,000.

Nedlands-Claremont:NiceBrick TiledHome;highpositiOn;5 rooms,S.O.,garage.£3,600. Withtenniscourtonseparate blpekifdesired;V.P.

Mt.Lawley:Goodlocality.Brick Tiled,5rooms;S.O.Furnished,refrig.,piano,carpets,etc. £4,250;V.P.

Mt.Lawley:Selectposition,7 rooms;excellentcondition. Withfurnishings.£4,000.V.P.

EastFremantle:LargeModern Home.3bedroomswellfurnished.£3,800.V.P.

Farmlet:Smallproperty,few acresverygoodsoil.Furnishedhouse.Thisiscloseto transporttocity.£2,000.V.P.

TenantedHouses:Ifyouare rentingahouse,youcanexchange;considerthesehomes -forsale:Mt.Lawley-Maylands, onbusroute;high;faces park;5rooms,garage,£1,800. NorthPerth,5roombrick,on busroute.£1,350.Leederville,LoftusStreet,close church,4roombrick.£1,500. Leederville,nearstation,4 room,J.W.B.£700.Claremont,oldJ.W.B.;letat15s. £550.

MixedBusiness:SmallMixed Business;showsteadyincome. V.P.of3roomaccommodation. £1,200,includingstock.

44; t01 'OPTICIANS

PiccadillyArcadePer Jobe wA.eA.M Ex-MarisFBros! Siuded Tel.87988

th r.

SOUTHERNCROSS

ACCOUNTANCYCOLLEGE

ClassRooms:3rd.Floor, CHANCERYHOUSE, 3HOWARDSTREET,PERTH.

ENQUIRIES:708,C.M.L. BUILDING,55ST.GEORGE'S TERRACE,PERTH.

PHONES:B7510,WM1913.

Revs,T.Ahern,J.Bourke,M. Brennan,H.Brennan,M. Byrne,J.Depiazzi,K.Duffy, J.Fitzgerald,J.Griffin,J. Hogan,A.Johnston,RKelly, J.McGillicuddy,M.McKeon, J.McNamara,E.McSweeney, J.O'FarrellV.O'Sullivan,T. Prendiville,JRafferty,M. Ryan,S.Sorohan,C.Stinson.

Preacher: Rev.E.Sullivan.

HOLYTHURSDAY.

6.45-8.30a.m.:HolyCommunion

9.30*a.m.:PontificalMassand ConsecrationofHolyOils.

Celebrant:HisGracetheArchbishop.

ArchdeaconandAssistantPriest: Rt.Rev.MonsignorKennedy

DeaconsatThrone:Rt.Rev. MonsignorMoloney;Rt.Rev. MonsignorMoss.

DeaconoftheMass:Rev.J. Hogan. Sub-DeaconoftheMass:Rev.J O'Farrell. PriestsoftheHolyOils:

Revs.J.Fahey,J.McCormack, P.Carmody.G.O'Callaghan, E.Collins,J.Lynch,E.CaroIan,E.Sullivan,Oblate Father,RedemptoristFather, JesuitFather,andVincentian Father

DeaconsoftheHolyOils:

Revs.F.O'Connor,F.Ryan,C. Stinson,J.Brosnan,E.McBride,T.McCaul,J.Murphy.

10a.m.:PontificalHighMass.

Celebrant:HisGracetheArchbishop.

Deacon:RevJ.Hogan.

Sub-Deacon:Rev.J.O'Farrell. AssistantsatThrone:Rt.Rev. MonsignorMoss;Rt.Rev. MonsignorKennedy. AssistantPriest:VeryRev.J.P Wilkinson,C.M.

1.HolyWeekMusicwillbe underthedirectionofRev.A. Lynch.

2.Ceremonieswillbedirected byRevs.RKellyandJ.Depiazzi.

3.TheMinistersoftheHoly Oilswillvestasfollowing: Priests:Amice,Alb,Cincture, StoleandChasuble.

Deacons:Amice,Alb.Cincture,StoleandDalmatic. Sub-Deacons:Amice,Alb, CinctureandTunicle.

ALLwillbringtheirownvestments,andvestbeforeHoly Masscommences.

4.OnHolyThursdayall PriestsandMinisterswillassembleintheChapterHalland goinprocessiontotheCathedral.

5.MorningCeremoniesinthe parishesshouldbeoversufficientlyearlytoenableallPriests toattendtheCathedral

6.OnlythosePriestsselected fortheChoirareexpectedtoattendTenebrae.

POWLANDS-Ofyourcharity, prayforthereposeofthesoul ofEllenorElizabeth,whodied March22,1949,belovedwife ofthelateGeorgeRowland, motherofEllen(deceased) andSophie(Mrs.V.Skeet), grandmotherofVictoriaand Richard.R.I.P.

÷INMEMORIAM÷

BROPHY.-Inlovingmemory ofourdeal...I-teddy,whopassed awayon14th.April,1948. SacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhissoul. -TomandGwenWhitely. FITZGERALD,A.M.-Sacred tothememoryofourdear wifeandmother,whodepartedthislifeon9th.April, 1944. Mayherdearsoulrestin peace. -Insertedbyherlovinghusbandandfamily.

JAMES,NoraMary.-Inever lyingmemoryofourdear mother,whopassedaway April9th.,1941,lovedmother ofUrsulaandPat,darling NanaofNeville,Michaelani Pat.Restinpeace.

JONES.-Sacredtothememoryofmydearlybelovedhusband,Daniel(Dan),whodepartedthislifeApril8th., 1937,esteemedfriendofTom Knox.R.I.P. -InsertedbyGertrudeJones.

DairyFarm:Busselton,247 acres.Good4-roomhouse;4 wells,2windmills. 50head ofcattle,includingpedigree stock,4unitmilkingmachine;180acrespasture;cloverthroughwholeblock. £4,400,orvaluation, TennisCourts:G.E.Highway. Investmentreturning£6week for£1,400. CityMillinery:Wellestablished hatrenovationservice.Large profits.Goodstockonhand. £1,250.

Dressmaking:Shop,furnished accommodationandplant,for £750.Establishedconnection. TeaRooms,Confectionery:Probablythebestbusinessofits typeinthemetropolitanarea. Monopolytrade,Takings£160 week.Grossprofits501..r cent,Smallaccommodation. Largeshop,mostattractively fitted,withrefrigerationand showcounters.£3,000.

J.ALEXANDERHUNTAND YOUNG, THEEYESOFREALESTATE.

81St.George'sTerrace. TEL.B8816.

WANTED.

YoungCatholicServiceman, permanentArmy,withwife andtwoyoungchildren,desperatelyrequirehouse,tobuyor rent,inSubiaco,ShentonPark, Leederville,orindistrictssurroundingKarrakattaCamp.Can somekindCatholicpersonhelp us.Box597,thisoffice.

4' 4 4

FEESREASONABLE-NO

Principal:

J.R.COLBERT,A.F A.C.A.A.,

SAFETYSLOGAN

Asafetysuggestionnowis betterthananaccidentreport later.

Sub-DeaconsoftheHolyOils: Rev.E.McSweeney,J.Walsh MDelahunty,H.Brennan,J. Fitgerald,.E.McKenna,E. Rogers.

Sub-DeaconCross-Bearer: Rev.M.McKeon. 7.30p.m.:Tenebra.Ason,

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgent

802HAYSTREET.

AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES. RingB5841andB5236.

VACUUMCLEANERS

POLISHINGMACHINES,ETC bytheSpecialists.

ALLENANDGRANT

873aHAYSTREET,PERTH.

YourRequirements,whetherNewSalesorRepairs,canbe EfficientlyAttendedTo. 'PHONE:BA2150.

7.Priestsappointedforany functionintheCathedralmust provideasubstituteifunableto attend.TheM.C.shouldbe notifiedofanysuchchangeof Ministers.

8.Thefollowingwillprepare anddispatchtheHolyOils: Rev.FathersT.Ahern,J. Bourke,JMcGillicuddy,J. Doyle,J.Depiazzi,J.Murphy,J. Hogan,P.Carmody.

9:Confessions:

SpyWednesday:12to1p.m.; 4to6pm.;andafterTenebrae.

GoodFriday:AfterStations andTenebrae.

HolySaturday:12to1p.m; 4to6p.m.;and7.30p.m. onwards.

HisGracetheArchbishoprenewsforthePriestsoftheArchdiocesethefollowingfaculties grantedtohimbytheHolySee:

1.Thefacultybywhichpriests, fortheconvenienceofthe faithful,areobligedtobinate onPalmSunday,mayomitthe readingofthePAssionatthe SecondMass.

2.Thefacultybywhichpriests areauthoriedtoomitthe readingofthePropheciesin theMassonHolySaturday.

KINSELLA.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthesoulofJohn Kinsella,diedApril8th.,1941, SweetJesus,havemercyon hissoul. Alwaysrememberedbyhis lovingwifeandfamily.

McCAFFERTY,-Inlovingmem-. oryofmydearAuntSusan McCafferty,whodepartedthis lifeonApril11th.,1939.R.I.P. QueenoftheMostHolyRosary,prayforher. -Insertedbyherfondniece andfamily.

REBBECHI.-InlovingmemoryofLouisRebbechikilledin actioninFrance,April6th., 1917. -Fromhisparents,sisters,and brothers.

RUSSELL-InmemoryofMrs P.J.Russell,ofKalgoorlie, whodiedApril13th.,1941. Mayhersoulrestinpeace. Rememberedbyhersonand daughters. SAVAGE.-Prayfortherepose ofthesoulsofAnnieO'ConnorSavage,whodiedMarch 30,1944;andJohnSavage, diedMarch5th.,1917. Eternalrestgrantuntothem, 0Lord,andmayperpetual lightshineuponthem.

Businessexecutiverequires flatorhouse,furnishedorunfurnished;suitablethreeadults; cityorsuburbs;references;rentalquarterlyinadvance.Apply toBox590,thisoffice.

ACCOMMODATION.

YoungRCmigrantcoupleand twochildren,separatedowingto lackofaccommodation,require suitableaccommodation,cityor suburbs.ApplytoBox568, this°tee.

Twobusinessgirlsrequire furnished-flatorbed-sitting room,withusekitchenandconveniences;urgent.Box696,this office.

BOARDANDRESIDENCE.

Gentlemanrequiresboardand residencewithprivatefamily; vicinityCottesloe,Claremont,or CanningBridge;ownlinensupplied;willingpayupto45s,per week.RingMcCarthy,B3039, orBox598,thisoffice.

ACCOMMODATIONOFFERED

NorthPerth,nicelyfurnished D.B.SR.,ownkitchen;suit businesscouple;garageavailable.Box698,thisoffice.

FromCrossToCrown

.TheChurchHefoundedaccompaniesitsLordand MasterasHeenterswithtriumphintotheHolyCityto thetumultuousacclaimofaseeminglyenthusiastic,loyal anddevoutmultitude.Afewdayslaterthesamefickle, confusedcrowdwhichhadstrewnpalmsbeneathHisfeet tothe'accompanimentofregal"Hosannas"willcryfor HisbloodbeforethePretoriumofPilate.Perhapsin thistreacheryofthehumanheart,morethaninthephysicalagonyofthePassion,istobefoundthechieftormentofChrist'ssavingdeath.Certainlyintheheavenlyvisitationsandwarningsmadeinmoderntimes,this motifrunsthroughoutwithacompellingconsistency "Behold,"saidtheCrucifiedChristtoSt.MargaretMazy, "theHeartwhichhassolovedmenandhasreceivedin returnnothingbutcoldnessandingratitude."Similarly, atFatima,OurLadywarnedthechildrenthattheworld shouldceasefromoffendingHerDivineSon,"Whois alreadytoomuchoffended."Alwaystheplea,thedemandisforpenancefortheperfidyofthefriendsofGod.

Likewise,theChurch,mirroringinHerlifewithuncannyfidelitythepathtrodbyHerFounder,hasknown thosebrilliantyearsoftriumphwhenallEuropewasin fealtytotheKingshipofChrist.TheCatholicFaith dominatedthelivesofindividuals,guilds,cities,andEmperors.Therewas,also,ofcourse,miseryandsin,but miseryalleviated.bysocialcharityandtheaspirationsof justiceandsinforthemostpartrepentedof.ThesplendouroftheMiddleAges,however,passedawayalltoo soon,andtheChurchenteredintothedarknightofthe Reformation,theshadowsofwhichyetlurkinevery cornerofthemodernworld.But,terrible,aswerethe lossestotheFaithinthatperiod,worsewastocomein ourtimewhenthechallengetotheauthorityofthe ChurchchangedtoachallengetotheauthorityofGod Himself.Atheism-bothpassiveandmilitant-isrampantonahithertounprecedentedscale.Itseffectsare everywherepatentinthedecayofrationalsocialandpoliticalo;ders,andthesubstitutionofnewandgrotesque tyrannies.Inaword,theChurchismovingwiththe sufferingChristfromGethsemanetoGolgotha. a

But,asinthecaseoftheRedeemer,itisthedefectionofthefaithfulmorethantheobduracyofthepagan whicohisthechiefsourceofanguish.Thetwo,ofcourse, areinter-related,forthescandalswithintheChurchare thereasonandthepretext,seizeduponbythepaganfor remainingoutsidetheFold.OntheeveofPassionWeek thisyear,theChurchmaywelluniteallitsmemberswith thegreatrecurringmysteryofthePassionofChrist,for HisSpouseisalreadyfaradvancedalongthesamedolorouspath.Poland,Hungary,Roumania,Yugoslavia, EasternGermany,theBalticStatesandChinaalllie undertheheelofaruthlessandgodlesstryrannywhose firstconcernisthe"liquidation"oftheChurchtowhich Christpromisedimmortality.Andtheonslaughtsof passiveatheismincountrieslikeourownarenottheless seriousbecausetheyareinsidious.FOrastheChurch lostgroundinonequarter,itmightbehopedtherewould beareactionoffervourinplaceswheretheFaithstood firm.LetthisbeourprayerintheheavydaysofPassionWeek,thattheChurchofGodmaysosufferasto meritagloriousResurrectionby,with,andthrough ChristOurLord.

Damp

aSpeciality.

WATERANDWEATHERPROOFTREATMENTin Aluminium,Red,GreenBrown,andBlack. ROOM6(Basement),C.T.A.BUILDINGS, 69ST.GEORGE'STERRACE,PERTH,W.A.

TELEPHONE:B2206.

TheArchdiocese

Archbishop'sEngagements

April10th.(PalmSunday);

11am.-St.Mary'sCathedral: Solemnlyblesspalmsandpre sideatSolemnHighMass.

April13th.(SpyWednesday):

7.30p.m.:PresideatOfficeof Tenebrae.

April14th.(HolyThursday):

9.30a.m.-St.Mary'sCathedral:Pontificate. 7.30p.m.:PresideatOfficeof Tenebrae.

April15th.(GoodFriday):

10a.m.:PresideatMassof Presanctified, 3p.m.:AttendStationsofthe Cross. 7.30p.m.:PresideatOfficeof Tenebrae.

April16th.(HolySaturday):

8.30a.m.-St.Mary'sCathedral-PresideatHolySaturdayCeremonies.

April17th.(EasterSunday):

10a.im.-St.Mary'sCathedral -Pontificate.

April24th.(NewmanSunday):

8a.m.-St.Mary'sCathedralcelebrateMass.

May4th.: 12.30p.m.:AdminsterConfirmationandattendcelebrationsontheoccasionofthe FeastofSt.Joseph,atthe LittleSistersofthePoor, Glendalough.

NEWPRESBYTERY.

Rev.Father31cCau1has recentlyacquiredapresby_ teryatBassendean.The addressis15ParkerStreet, Bassendean.

LENTENSERMONS.

Rev.FatherWilkinson,C.M, M.A.,H.l)ip.Ed.,RectorofSt. Charles'Seminary,willcontinue hiscourseofLentensermonsin theCathedralonSundaynight. Thetitleofthesermonwillbe: "OurLordandOurKing."

MassTimeTables

ROTTNEST.

MassonailSundaysandHolidaysofObligationuntilfurther notice.FortimesofMassesvisitorsarerequestedtoenquireat theHostel.

SCARBOROUGHPARISH.

Scarborough:8am.

NorthBeach:FourthSundayin month,7a.m.AllotherSundays,9.15a.m.

ROCKINGHAMPARISH.

SundaysUntilFurtherNotice.

SafetyBay:7.30a.m.

Rockingham:8.30a.m.

VICTORIAPARK.

MasstimesatSt.Joachim's Church,VictoriaPark,havebeen alteredto7,8,9,and10am.on Sundays.

BELMONTPARISH,

Belmont:7.45a.m.

Rivervale:7.30and9.30a.m.

Carlisle:830am..

Exposition

PublicExpositionoftheMost BlessedSacramentiskeldinthe Cityonthefollowinggays:-

TUESDAYS:

ChildrenofMaryChapel,Vic toriaSquare.Masscelebrated 8a.m.,concludingwithBenedictionat5.15p.m.

PublicRosaryrecitedat12.30 and1.30p.m.

THURSDAYS:

LegionofMaryRooms,65St. George'sTerrace(overBank N,S.W.).Mass,8a.m:Rosary, 2p.m.;Benediction,5.20p.m. (Rosaryreciteddailyat12.30 and1.30p.m.).

LentenRegulations,1949

SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFAST ANDABSTINENCE.

1.OnFASTdays,thoseboundtofastareallowed onefullmealatmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition, theyareallowedtwolightmeals-oneofabouteight ounces,andtheotheroftwoorthreeounces.Anykind offood,andhenceevenfleshmeat,maybeusedatall threemealsprovided,atthetwosmallmeals,thelimitof eightandtwoorthreeounces,respectively,benotexceeded.

2.OnABSTINENCEdays,fleshmeatandmeatsoup aceforbidden.

3.Lardanddrippingmaybeusedondaysofabstinence,providedtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

4.Friday,unlessitbeaHolidayofObligation,isa dayofabstinence.

5.AshWednesdayandtheFridaysinLentandEmberWeeksaredaysoffastandabstinence.

6.Mondays,Tuesdays,Wednesdays,Thursdaysand SaturdaysinLent,andtheWednesdaysandSaturdaysin QuarterTensearedaysoffastwithoutabstinence.

7.ThereisnofastorabstinenceonSundaysorHolidaysofobligation.

8.St.Patrick'sDayisexemptfromfast;ifitfalls opaFriday,itisnotexemptfromtheabstinence.

9.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyearare boundbythelawofabstinence.

10.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyear areboundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetohebound byitwhentheyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

11.Thosewhoareindelicatehealthorwhoareengagedinexhaustingwork,arenotboundtofast.Ofcourse, .hosewhoareseriouslyillarenotboundbyeitherfastor abstinence.

12.OntheclaysmentionedinNo.6,thosewhoare notboundtofastarenotlimitedbythelaweitherastothe qualityorquantityofthefoodtheywishtotake.

13.TheLentenFaAtandAbstinenceceaseatnoonon HolySaturday.

Archbishopof ofPerth.

PAINTER&RENOVAFOR HALLOVE

26TEMPLESTREET,VICTORIAPARK. 'PHONE:M1805.

VITALWORK PEOPLE'SSAVINGS

FORTHE

ByDr.BRIAN (ProfessorofEconomics,

Themainpurposeofasavings campaignIstopersuadepeopleto buyfewergoods,oratanvrate riottobuymore.

"Butwhatisthepoint,'itmay oeargued,"ofcuttingdownpricatepurchases?Theconsequence willsimplybethattheunfortunateworkers.whousedtomake ',hegoodsnolongerrequiredwill nowbeoutofemployment."

Thisargumentwouldhavebeen validenoughinthe1930's,when therewerenotenoughjobstogo round,andwhenourdutytoour fellowswastospendmoreandkeep theminwork.Theargumentis wentruetodayifpressed-toan absurdextreme.Ifforinstance weallmadearesolution,andheld toit,thatin1949wewouldspfnd onlyhalfwhatwedidin1948,the resultofourself-denialwouldbe widespreadandquiteunnecessary inemployment Inpractice,however,thereis nottheremotestchanceofthe rateofprivatespendingbeingcut oyhalf.Eventhemostsuccessfulsavingscampaignwouldnot leadtoacutofasmuchasone quarter.Indeedwecantodaybe absolutelysurethatthemaximum ittthatisconceivablypossible, farfromleadingtounemployment, wouldsimplyreleaseresources whichareurgentlyneededfor workofthehighestnationalimaortance.

Duringthewarwewereurged cosavetoreleasemenforthe fightingservicesandbothmen andmaterialsforthemanufactureofmunitions.Todaythere isworkofequalimportancetobe done,inmaintainingandadding tothiscountry'scapitalequipment,t,roadsandrailwaysitsfarms

with

TEW UniversityofAdelaide) andfactories,itsminesandpower stations,and(mosturgentofall) itsdwellinghouses.Ourcapital equipmentwasseriouslyneglected duringthewar.Repairandmaintenanceworkofallkindswassuspended,obsoletemachinerywas nutreplaced,powerstationswere notextended,andhome-building virtuallyceased.Thislongneglect mustnowbemadegood.orour standardoflivingwillsuffer severely. Butourinterestswouldbebest servednotmerelybycatchingup arrears,butbyproducingnew goods.oroldgoodsbyimproved methods.Ithasbeenthepolicy oftheFederalandStateGovernmentstosponsortheintroduction ofnewproductsandnewprocesses inAustralia,butthisinvolvesmore factories.moremachines,and thereforemorelabourandmore materialswithwhichtobuild them-labourandmaterials whichatpresentareindesperately shortsupply. If,therefore.werespondtothe nationalcallforincreasedsaving andbuyless,themaineffectof ouractionwillbethatthematerialswhichwouldhavegoneinto thegoodswenowrefrainfrom buyingwillbedivertedforusein theproductionofessentialcapital equipment.suchasmachinery powerstations,houses,andthe like.Someadaptationtothenea conditionswouldbeneeded,but notsuchaswouldcauseappreciablehardship.Byourgreaterrestraintinspendingweshallcause harmtonobody.Insteadweshall beenablingthecountry'scapital equipmenttoberehabilitated morerapidlyandtobeimproved andextendedforourowngreat benefitinthefuture.

_ThePassoverAndThe

typomwamosB_ChristianLamb

THEfortyyears'banishmentoftheJewsin Egypt,asnarratedinthe OldTestament;though primarilyaruthlessattack byPharaoh(RameeesII.)on thefundamentalfreedoms,religiousandcivil,ofIsrael,maybe lookeduponinthelightofsubsequentevents,asthepreludeto thewondersofthePassover,the crossingoftheRedSea,and, eventually,thefixingofthe ChristianEaster.

Morethanapassingwrongto beforgotten,theenforcementof hardfieldlabourontheJews duringtheseprotractedyears, andthereducingoftheirnumbersbyorganisedinfanticide, werestandinggrievance4desperatelycallingforthejust, thoughlongdelayed,vengeance of"the14th.dayofNisan (Mitch).Atmidnightofthat day,thedestroyingAngel"passedover"thehousesoftheIsraeliteswhosedoorpostsweremarkedwiththebloodofthepaschal lambthatwaskilledearlyin thatevening,butfelluponand slew,thefirstbornofeach Egyptianfamily,Pharaoh'sfirst hornincluded.Andherehistoryironicallyrecordstheapplicationofthetalion-alawtohe enactedbyLeviticusagainstthe Jewsthemselves.

Onthefollowingmorning,the 15th.Nisan,afterthelambhad beenroastedandeatenataceremonialmeal,theexodusto

MountSinai-adistanceofsome twohundredmiles-began,The Angelofthepreviousnight fromanavengerbecameaguidingstar.Hiswingsresembled twoshaftsoflightilluminating therouteatnightandshading thewayduringthedayfrom theburningAfricansun.UndersuchabenignguideMoses, theLiberator,advancedbyland, andinordertoavoidcontact withtheEgyptiantroopswho wereocupyingtheMediterraneancoast,hewasforcedupon theGulfofSuezintheRedSea, whosewaters,atthecommand ofhisprayerfullipsandoutstretchedhands,weredivided andwalleduptoright-andleft, thusallowingtheforcesofIsrael, theirchildrenandcattleand sheep,towalkthroughonthe drysea-path.TheEgyptians pursueddownthesametrack, butthesearecededtoitsnaturallevel,entombingforeverbe. neathitsmightywatersPharaoh'schariotsandhorsesand horsemen.Wehearoftouristrecordsextollingthepyramidsasamarveloftriangulararchitecture.I believethatthecrossingofthe RsdSeawhichinspiredMoses' Canticle,thegreatestofepic poems,deservesalsoaspedal pageinhistory. ThewonderofthePassover foundexpressioneveryyearat amemorialfeastbeginningwith theslayingandeatingofthe lambintheeveningofthe14th.

China'sDiplomatic ApostleInEurope

ByRev.PatrickO'Connor (Correspondent,N.C.W.C.News Society).

SHANGHAI,March17.-Hovt aChinesefoundhimselfserving asamessengerofChristianityto EuropewasrelatedbyDr.John Wu,formerChineseAmbassador tctheHolySee,inaninterview here.OneoftheleadingjuristsandscholarsinChina,Dr. Wu'enteredtheCatholicChurch in1937.

"Inthepasttwoyears,ProvidencehasledmeintosomethingIhadneverdreamedofanapostolateinEurope,"hetold me "Ireceivedinvitations, whichIcouldnotrefuse,tolectureinItalyandFrance."

InParislastyear,theInternationalCongressofModern Literature,sponsoredbythe UniversityofParis,electedDr. Wuhonorarypresident.Atthe endoftheweek'ssessions,he toldtheassembly:"Literature withoutreligion-withoutthe loveofGod-hasnopermanent value.Unlessitsstartingpoint istheDivineSourceofallbeauty, goodness,andtruth,itcannot last."Thenheexpoundedthe significanceofthemodernSaint whosewritingshadinfluenced himpersonally,StThereseof Lisieux.

"AndIwasspeakingalmostin theshadowofVoltaire,"herecalled,withhisquietsmile.

WhileinRome,Dr.WufinishedhisChinesetranslationof theNewTestament,tobepublishedthisyearbytheCommercialPressoneofChina'slargestpublis5ersThebookw;11 havetherarefeatureofaprefacebyHisHolinessPopePius XII.intheformofanautographletter.

Dr.Wu'sbooklet,"FromConfucianismtoCatholicism,"alecturegiveninRome,hasbeen translatedintofourlanguages. HisearlierbookonthespiritualityofSt.Therese,"TheScience ofLove,"hasbeentranslated intotwelve.

BorninNingpo60yearsago, Dr.WustudiedatSoochow University,aProtestantinstitu-

Nisan,andcontinuingtillthe 21st.ofthesamemonth.

Thatthereisachronological connectionbetweenthePassover andtheGoodFridayobservance isquitecertain.Thedeathof Christhappenedonthe15th.

Nisan(Friday),thefirstdayof theJewishfeast.Therefore thefirstconvertsfromamong theJewsfoundnodifficultyin exchangingthefeastofthedeath ofthePassoverlamb.forthe deathoftheGospelLamb-the shadow(forthereality.

Adifficultysoonarose,Owing tothediversityofcalendarsthe Paschalfeastdidnotagreeasto itsdateinEastandWest;for whereasthemonthsandyears oftheSemiticCalendarwae lunar,thoseoftheRomanor JulianCalendarwereregulated bythesun.

ForawhileEasterwaskept, thoughnotgenerally,withthe Jewsonthe15th.dayofthe, moon,nomatteronwhatdayof theweekitfell,untilitwas soonrealisedthatfromaChristianviewpointSunday,theday oftheResurrection,formedthe chieffeatureofEaster.

InthefinalsettlementofEasterChristianitydidnotoverlook theclaimsoftheirJewish brethren.Asaresultofacompromise,Easterwasfixedonthe firstSundayafterthefullmoon afterthespringequinox.This compromiseexplainsthemovablecharacterofEaster.

matexpectstohavehisfamily photographedwiththePope,the situationwillbeimpossible."

tion,andwonhisPh.D.atthe UniversityofMichiganHetook post-graduatecoursesatthe UniversitiesofParisandBerlin, andfinallyatHarvardLaw School.HebecameaProtestantinhisstudentdays.Hewas chairmanoftheForeignAffairs CommissionofthenationalLegislativeYuanwhenhebecamea Catholicnearly12yearsago. HeisnowrevisitingChinafor thefirsttimesincehewentto RomeasMinistertotheHoly Seein1946.

Dr.Wuhas13childrenand fourgrandchildren.Madame Wuand12ofthechildrenwent toRomewithhim.

Soonaftertheirarrival,the Holy'Fatherwasphotographed seatedwiththefamily.When Msgr.GiovanniB.Montini,substituteVaticanSecretaryof State,suggestedthatthisphotographbetaken,Dr.Wuhesitated "TheHolyFatheristoo busy,"hesaid."Ifeverydiplo-

MonsignorMontinidismissed theobjection."Don'tworry," hereplied"Anyotherdiplomatwillhavetohaveatleast13 childrenbeforehecancitethe precedent!"Theuniquephotographwusreproducedthroughouttheworld.

Acustomprevalentinolden timeswasbasedonthepopular beliefthatthesunthricedanced onEasternmorn.Atsunrise thepeoplewouldwatchthereflectionofthesunintheflowing watersofastream,orinawell, ormorefrequentlyinabasinof water.Ifthesunseemedreluctanttoperform,someone mightgivethebasinashove. And,lo!thesundiddance'and everyonewashappy-andconvinced.

FriarsWhoRivalled

Polo

T)AYtherearefew ;pacesleft"blankonthe nap,"Littlebylittlethe eas,themountains,and theriver-valleyshavebeenforcedtosurrendertheirsecretsto intrepidexplorerswhocould neverresttilltheyfoundout whatwasoverthenexthillor aroundthenextbend.

Intheannalsofexploration thenamesofCatholicpriests andbrotherswhotooktheir MasteratHiswordwhenHe said,"Teachallnations,"loom large,

Sevenhundredyearsagothe knownworld-knowntoEuropeans,thatis-comprisedlittle morethanmostofEurope,the Mediterraneancoasts,andsome ofthenorth-westerncoastof Africa.True,Asiaticmerchants broughtcaravansofsilksand spicesfromtheEast,butEuropeanshadnofirst-handknowledgeoftheseregions.

Iftheaveragepersonwere askedwhowasthefirstEurd` peantotraversethetracksof TurkestanandTartaryandCathay,hewouldsurelyanswer "MarcoPolo."YetPolo,and hisfatherbeforehim,owemuch totheFranciscanFriars,who blazedthetrailtoKarakorum.

TravelrThroughRussia.

In1245,inpursuanceofaresolutionoftheCouncilofLyons, InnocentIV.decidedtosendan embassytotheKhanofthe Mongols.Forthisassignment hechoseaFranciscan,Johnof PianoCarpini,whowithStephenofBohemiaandBenedict ofPoland,setoutin1246.The threefriarstravelledthrough Russia,sufferingseverehardships onthewaypassedoverhigh mountainsandbygreatlakes, tilltheyreachedKarakorum, thecapitaloftheGreatKhanof theTartars.Heretheywere inhospitablytreatedbythe "KhanofKhansandEmperorof allMen,"towhomtheircredentialswereaddressedAtthe firstopportunitytheygladly returnedhomeandreachedKiev inJune,1247.

Fromadiplomaticpointof view,theirmissionmayberegardedasafailure.Fromthe pointofviewofgeographyand exploration,however,theirmissionwasanimportantsuccess.

FriarJohn,whosubsequently became:archbishopofAntivan inDalmatia,wroteanaccountof histravelswhichwastobethe

*ByJames

Inspirationofmanytravellersin theyearstocome.

TravelogueonSyria. Afewyearslater,theFranciscanswereagaininKarakorum.St.Louis,KingofFrance, wasseekingMongolaidtocombat andthemenaceoftheSaracens, hesentaFranciscanmission toconverttheGreatMongoland disfollowers.FriarWilliamof RubnIckwashischoice.Ac-

,:ompaniedbyFriarAndrewand Friar liubruckBartholomewofCremona, travelledviatheCrimea,pasttheCaspian,pastLakesBalkashandAlaKultill hereachedtheGreatKhan, Sartch,inthewinterof1253.

Oncemore,nowelcomeawaited thefriars,and,havingbeendetainedforsixmonths,theywere orderedtoreturn.Twoanda halfyearsaftertheyhadstarted theirjourneytotheEast,they arrivedinSyria.

WilliamofRubruck'sreport totheKingontheresultofthe riission,isthetravel-masterpieceoftheperiod..Itisinformative,factual,andobjective.It treatsnotmerelyofthephysi- calfeaturesoftheregionsvisited,butalsooftheeconomyand socialorganisationoftheTartars.Itestablishesforthefirst timethattheCaspianSeaisan inlandlake,notaninletofthe Arcticaswaspreviouslythought.

Hisexplorationsover,hereturnedtothe-observancesofhis Orderasthoughhehadmerelyvisitedaneighbouringvillage. Thesedauntlessfriarspioneeredatrailwhichwastobeof greatvaluetothePolos,father andson.Laterfriarswereto makeitalmostabeatentrack, ToXanaduofKublaiKhan.

ThenextgreatFranciscan missionaryexplorerisJohnof Montecorvino.TheHolySee havingcommissionedtheFranciscanstoworkfortheconversionoftheTartars,theOrder wasdeeplyinterestedinthe East.ReportsreachedEurope thattheGreatKhan,thenno otherthanthefamousKublai KhanwhomColeridgehasmade knowntoeveryschoolboy,was favourablydisposedtowardsthe Christians.Accompaniedbya Dominican,JohnofPistoia,and bygmerchant,Montecorvinoset out,andtravellingthrough India,rea)chedCambaluc(i.e Peking)in1294.KublaiKhan haddied,butFriarJohngoton withthejob.By1305hehad builttwochurchesinPeking,to-

FURNITURESPECIALISTS

35

SupervisedbyLenHarris.'Phone;B7658.

SherwinWilliamsPaint

ITHASBEENPROVED

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203-209

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gatherwithworkshopstoemploy200,andanorphanageto house150boys.Meanwhilehe hadtranslatedtheNewTestamentandthePsalmsintoChinese Inbetweenhismissionaryac- tivities,hefoundtimetogive valuablereports,inhisletters tohissuperiorsandtohis friends,onthelivesandconditionsofthepeopleamongwhom heworked.

MissionaryandExplorer.

In1308threeFranciscanbishopsarrivedtoconsecrateMontecorvinoArchbishopofCanbaluc,Ofamissionofseven Franciscans,thethreewereall whosurvivedtherigoursofthe journey.ThenewArchbishop orgamwdhisarchdioceseand ruledittillhisdeathin1328. Whenhediedheathenand Christianalikeacknowledged himasaint.Geographersstill acknowledgehiseminenceasan explorerandobserver.

Oneofthebishopswhoarrived toconsecrateMontecorvinowas AndrewofPerugia.Forten yearshelabouredinPekingand Zayton(i.e.,Chuan-Chow),Unfortunatelyherefusedtorecord theadventureswhichmusthave befallenhimandthe(then)incrediblesightshemusthave seen. In1329amissionarypriest namedJordanwroteabookentitledMirabilia.Initthetitsr yellerdescribesthebanyantree, theParseereligion,thecustoms ofthecommunitiesinwhichhe worked,thewomenworkingthe river-boats,thecock-fighting. HedealsalsowithArabiaand "ThirdIndia"-EastAfricabuthisknowledgeofthelatter isnotfirst-handantiiscorrespondinglyinaccurate. MysteriousCathay.

ConterriporarywithJordainus wasthemissionaryOdoric. .1316heleftConstantinoplefor China.Hetravelledoverland toOrbuz,viaTabrizandBagh- dad,andthencehesailedto TananearBombay.Onhe wenttoMalabar.Ceylon,Ma- dras,Sumatra,Java,CochinChina,andsotoCanton.He touredpartofChina,sailedon theGrandCanal,visitingNankingandPeking,wherehepass- edthroughOrdosandShensito Tibet,wherehevisitedLhasa. HewasthefirstEuropeanto describethatcityofmystery, andthereligiousritesofthe peopleofLhasa, TheRoofoftheWorld.

Crossingthe"Roofofthe World,"hepassedthroughKabul andreturnedhomewardsthroughPersia.Hisaccountsofhis travelsmakelivelyreading.He diedin1331.

Thelastofthisgroupofex- plorer-missionarieswasFather Marignolli.Travellingoverland fromFrancetoChina,ajourney, v.hichtookfouryears,hereachedPekingin1342.Fouryears hestayed,andthentravelled'to Zayton,wherehesailedforIndiatotrytolocatethefour riversofParadise.Hisidentificationsareabitvague, Returninghomewards,hisobIservationsonOrmuz,Baghdad andJerusalemareofmorevalue tothegeographer.Hereached Avignonin1353,fifteenyears afterhehadleftit.

Suchistherecordofanheroic handofmissionarieswho,more orlesscontemporaneous,with MarcoPolo,visitedtheplaceshe visitedanddescribedtheplaces hedescribed.To-dayeverychild isfamiliarwiththenameof Polo;fewhaveheardthenames ofthosewhofrom1250to1350 brought"goodnewsofpeace" fromtheCaspianSeatoCathay.

Easterisdoubtlesstheoldest Christianfeast-asoldasChristianityitself-butthedateofits introductionhasneverbeenauthenticated.

STANO'BRIEN, COURTHOTEL, PERTH

'Phone:BA4261.

VICTORIAHOTEL

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FriarsWho.Rivalled Polo

T)AYtherearefew >pacesleft"blankonthe nap,"Littlebylittlethe eas,themountains,and theriver-valleyshavebeenforcedtosurrendertheirsecretsto intrepidexplorerswhocould neverresttilltheyfoundout whatwasoverthenexthillor aroundthenextbend.

Intheannalsofexploration thenamesofCatholicpriests andbrotherswholooktheir MasteratHiswordwhenHe said,"Teachallnations,"loom large,

Sevenhundredyearsagothe knownworld-knowntoEuropeans,thatis-comprisedlittle morethanmostofEurope,the Mediterraneancoasts,andsome ofthenorth-westerncoastof Africa,True,Asiaticmerchants broughtcaravansofsilksand spicesfromtheEast,butEuropeanshadnofirst-handknowledgeoftheseregions.

Iftheaveragepersonwere askedwhowasthefirstEur* peentotraversethetracksof TurkestanandTartaryandCathay,hewouldsurelyanswer "MarcoPolo."YetPolo,and hisfatherbeforehim,owemuch totheFranciscanFriars,who blazedthetrailtoKarakorum.

Travel,ThroughRussia.

In1245,inpursuanceofaresolutionoftheCouncilofLyons, InnocentIV.decidedtosendan embassytotheKhanofthe Mongols. Forthisassignment hechoseaFranciscan,Johnof PianoCarpini,whowithStephenofBohemiaandBenedict ofPoland,setoutin1246,The threefriarstravelledthrough Russia,sufferingseverehardships onthewaypassedoverhigh mountainsandbygreatlakes, tilltheyreachedKarakorum, thecapitaloftheGreatKhanof theTartars.Heretheywere inhospitablytreatedbythe "KhanofKhansandEmperorof allMen,"towhomtheircredentialswereaddressedAtthe firstopportunitytheygladly returnedhomeandreachedKiev inJune,1247.

Fromadiplomaticpointof view,theirmissionmayberegardedasafailure.Fromthe pointofviewofgeographyand exploration,however,theirmissionwasanimportantsuccess.

FriarJohn,whosubsequently becameArchbishopofAntivan inDalmatia,wroteanaccountof histravelswhichwastobethe

*ByJamesDillon

'inspirationofmanytravellersin theyearstocome. TravelogueonSyria.

.Afewyearslater,theFranciscanswereagaininKarakorum.St.Louis,KingofFrance, wasseekingMongolaidtocombatthemenaceoftheSaracens, andhesentaFranciscanmission toconverttheGreatMongoland oisfollowers.FriarWilliamof Rubnlckwashischoice.Ac,:ompaniedbyFriarAndrewand FriarBartholomewofCremona, RubrucktravelledviatheCrimea, LakespasttheCaspian,past BalkashandAlaKultill hereachedtheGreatKhan,Sartch,inthewinterof1253. Oncemore,nowelcomeawaited thefriars,and,havingbeendetainedforsixmonths,theywere orderedtoreturn.Twoanda halfyearsaftertheyhadstarted theirjourneytotheEast,they arrivedinSyria. WilliamofRubruck'sreport totheKingontheresultofthe mission,isthetravel-masterpiece oftheperiod,.Itisinformative,factual,andobjective.It treatsnotmerelyofthephysi- calfeaturesoftheregionsvisited,butalsooftheeconomyand socialorganisationoftheTartars.Itestablishesforthefirtt timethattheCaspianSeaisan inlandlake,notaninletofthe Arcticaswaspreviouslythought.

Hisexplorationsover,hereturnedtothe-observancesofhis Orderasthoughhehadmerely visitedaneighbouringvillage. Thesedauntlessfriarspio- neeredatrailwhichwastobeof greatvaluetothePolos,father andson.Laterfriarswereto makeitalmostabeatentrack, ToXanaduofKublaiKhan.

ThenextgreatFranciscan missionaryexplorerisJohnof Montecorvino.TheHolySee havingcommissionedtheFranciscanstowssrkfortheconversionoftheTartars,theOrder wasdeeplyinterestedinthe East.ReportsreachedEurope thattheGreatKhan,thenno otherthanthefamousKublai KhanwhomColeridgehasmade knowntoeveryschoolboy,was favourablydisposedtowardsthe Christians.Accompaniedbya Dominican,JohnofPistoia,and byamerchant,Montecorvinoset out,andtravellingthrough India,reachedCambaluc(i.ePeking)in1294.KublaiKhan haddied,butFriarJohngoton withthejob,By1305hehad builttwochurchesinPeking,to-

FURNITURESPECIALISTS

35

SupervisedbyLenHarris,'Phone:B7658.

Sherwin.

Star

getherwithworkshopstoemploy200,andanorphanageto house150boys.Meanwhilehe hadtranslatedtheNewTestamentandthePsalmsintoChinese Inbetweenhismissionaryac- tivities,hefoundtimetogive valuablereports,inhisletters tohissuperiorsandtohis friends,onthelivesandconditionsofthepeopleamongwhom heworked.

HOTEL

MissionaryandExplorer.

In1308threeFranciscanbishopsarrivedtoconsecrateMontecorvinoArchbishopofCanbaluc,Ofamissionofseven Franciscans,thethreewereall whosurvivedtherigoursofthe journey.ThenewArchbishop organisedhisarchdioceseand ruledittillhisdeathin1328. Whenhediedheathenand Christianalikeacknowledged himasaint.Geographersstill acknowledgehiseminenceasan explorerandobserver.

Oneofthebishopswhoarrived toconsecrateMontecorvinowas AndrewofPerugia.Forten yearshelabouredinPekingand layton(i.e., fortunatelyChuan-Chow),Un herefusedtorecord theadventureswhichmusthave befallenhimandthe(then)incrediblesightshemusthave seen. In1329amissionarypriest namedJordanwroteabookentitledMirabilia.Initthetrar. yellerdescribesthebanyantree, theParseereligion,thecustoms ofthecommunitiesinwhichhe worked,thewomenworkingtheriver-boats,thecock-fighting. HedealsalsowithArabiaand 'ThirdIndia"-EastAfricabutMsknowledgeofthelatter isnotfirst-handandiscorrespondinglyinaccurate. Myste51,ousCathay.

ConteniporarywithJordarnus wasthemissionaryOdoric.Ia .1316heleftConstantinoplefor China.Hetravelledoverland toOrhuz,viaTabrizandBagh- dad,andthencehesailedto TananearBombay.Onhe wenttoMalabar.Ceylon,Madras,Sumatra,Java,Cochin China,andsotoCanton.He tcuredpartofChina,sailedon theGrandCanal,visitingNan- kingandPeking,wherehepass- edthroughOrdosandShensito Tibet,wherebevisitedLhasa. HewasthefirstEuropeanto describethatcityofmystery,andthereligious.ritesofthe peopleofLhasa, TheRoofoftheWorld.

Crossingthe"Roofofthe World,"hepassedthroughKabul andreturnedhomewardsthrough Persia.Hisaccountsofhis travels diedmakelivelyreading.He in1331.

Thelastofthisgroupofex-plorer-missionarieswasFather Marignolli.Travellingoverland fromFrancetoChina,ajourney whichtookfouryears,hereachedPekingin1342.Fouryears hestaved,andthentravelled-to Zayton,wherehesailedforIndiatotrytolocatethefour riversofParadise.Hisidentificationsareabitvague, Returninghomewards,hisoblFervationsonOrmuz,Baghdad andJerusalemareofmorevalue tothegeographer.Hereached Avignonin1353,fifteenyears afterhehadleftit.

Suchistherecordofanheroic handofmissionarieswho,more orlesscontemporaneous,with MarcoPolo,visitedtheplacesbe visitedanddescribedtheplaces hedescribed.To-dayeverychild isfamiliarwiththenameof Polo;fewhaveheardthenames ofthosewhofrom1250to1350 brought from"goodnewsofpeace" theCaspianSeatoCathay.

---Easterisdoubtlesstheoldest Christianfeast-asoldasChristianityitself-butthedateofits introductionhasneverbeenauthenticated.

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HOTELPERTH.

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turiminations

SuccessOf "LaTraviata"

demonstrationofthenightwas thatprovidedbyafull-grown whitehorsewhichtappedonthe sawdustthecorrectanswersto anumberof-questionsfiredatit bytheringmaster."Howmany beerswouldIlike?"'quoththis worthy;andbackcametheanswe,tothetuneofthirteen-a roundnumberwhichmetwith agreatdealofpopularapproval onthiswarmandthirstynight. Thehorseobliginglycountedup toanynumberundertwentyon thesay-soofanyboyintheaudience.Then,athismaster's bidding,hegallopedaroundthe arenauntilhecametotheprettiestfaceorthedirtiestfaceor theugliestface(boysonly),and socompletedaverysatisfactory performance.

LIBRAJIYNEWS

RecentbooksnowavailableforReaders: THENIGHTCLOSEDDOWN.ByFrederickThwaites. AnAustralian-Javastory,intheusualThwaitesstyle. Interestingandtopical.

SHACKLETON'SARGONAUTS.ByFrankHurley.An accountofthe1941expeditiontotheAntarctic.Frank HurleywastheofficialphotographertotheExpedition, andhisphotographsformaseparatestory-in-pictures tothebook.Arareandfascinatingbookofreallife adventure,whichisinbigdemandbybothyoungand oldreaders

BOTHYOURHOUSES.ByPhilipGibbs-Hisnewest bookdealswiththeproblemoffraternisationinoccupiedGermany.Thisbookislikelytobecomeoneof themostpopularbooksyetwrittenbythisfamous author.

Twelvenew"Westerns"alsoincludedthisweek.

SUBSCRIPTIONRATES: Cit):2hooks 17/6year. Country:Yearly35/.. Ihook 15/-year. Sixmonths 20/-

CENTRALCATHOLICLIBRARY

36PIERSTREET,PERTH TEL.85754

CHURCHVESTMENTS

WorthyEffortBy W.A.OperaSociety

"LaTraviata,"atHisMajesty's,wasasplendidspectacle, aninspiringfeastofsonganda moderatelysuccessfulventure intothefieldofdramaticart. Ihavemadethepointpreviouslyinthesecolumnsthatwith operaonemustbearpatientlyif oneorotherofthecomponent partsdoesnotshowuptogreat advantageItwouldindeedbe asingularachievementifthe combinedartsofmusic,colour anddesign,song,dancingand drama,couldbeweldedinto suchapleasingharmonyasto maketheminseparableinthe finalanalysis.Yetthatisthe idealtowardswhichopera strives.Weareremindedthat theessenceoftheidealisthatit isunattainable. ThemainstrengthofthisproductionbytheW.A.OperaSocietywasitssuperbmounting. Fewcompanies,weliketothink, wouldbecapableofdoingbetterinthisregard.Thescenes andthescenerywereallthetime enchanting.Statelyballrooms withmarblestaircasesviedwith :ichpanoramicbackgroundsin delightingtheeye.Thefrockingwaslovely,thelightingbrilliant. Thesingingwasquitesatisrying,andinthecaseofRonald Dowdexcellent.Heundoubtedlysuppliedthestrongarmthtt heldtheshowtogether,andif hisactingcouldhavematched hissinging,hisperformance wouldhavetranscendedanyindividualartisticachievement Perthhasknownforsometime. Asitwas,heseemedtowaste goldenopportunities.Hesang withthrillingtoneandperfect enunciation(indeed,inthislatterregardheshoweduptherest ofthecast);onlyoccasionally didhegiveevidenceofstraining intheupperregister.Facially, hewasoftensuitablyexpressive;butinhismovementshe

wasstiffanduncomfortable.He sangsolosthatbroughtforth thunderousapplause,andat timescombinedwithFlora Nowotnyincharmingduets.

Thereweremonkeys(riding onhorses,ofcourse)andShetlandponiesthatjumpedoverobstacles,andawhippetthatleapedamazingly,andasmallblack horsethatrefusedtoletanyof theyoungstersridehim(several bitthedustintheattempt)and,ofcourse,therewasayodellingcowboy.Therewerecorn-

MissNowotny,theotherprincipal,madegallantvocalefforts andmovedwithmuchfreedont Sheproducedroundedtonein themiddleregister,butwasdeficientinaltitudeandcareless efenunciation.Ididnothear RhodaAllen,withwhomMiss Nowotnyalternated, Oftheothersingers(oneor twoofwhomwerefranklydisappointing)AlbertChappelle mademostimpression;andhis actingwasthebestofthenight. Aspecialwordofpraiseisdue to,themusicaldirector,Dr.ans Eriner,andhissmallbutvery capableorchestra.

Ithinkthecompanymadea mistakeintakingpreviousnewspapercriticismso muchto heart;andinanyeventitwas hadpolicytokeepcomplain.ng aboutitateverycurtaincall. Thisseemedtometobenotonly badpolicybutbadform.Surelythecompanyisbigenoughto takecriticism.Surely,too,itis realisedthattheshowisnot abovecriticism.Wherearethe voicesinPerththatareequalto theenormousdemandsmadeby opera?Wherearetheactors, too,whocanatthesametime singatthehighestlevel?If thecompanyhadnotmadeso muchofthecriticism,manypeoplewouldstillbeunawarethat anythingevenfaintlydisparaginghadbeensaid.Itisbestto letsleepingdogslie.

OldRepertoryidentities,Beryl SewardandKirkHearder,were prominentlyconnectedwiththe production.MissSewardwas overallproducer,andMr. Hearderwasstagemanager. Wewantmoreopera. -DEGUSTIBUS.

GoldwynBrothers CircusAndZoo

Areviewof"HereUnder Heaven"(IndependentPlayers)hasbeenheldoveruntil nextweek.

petitionsforboysandclowns, andawaltzingelephant,and moreclowns,anddare-devilfeats andcomicinterludesandropespinningandjugglingand clownsagain.Theonlythings ofimportancemissingfromthe arenawerethe.eaged)ions,whose roarsnearbypunctuatedthe evening%performance.They wareunabletoappearbecause theyhadlatelydamagedthe safetycagepreparedfortheir usewheninthemarquee.

Altogetheritwasajollyenjoyableshow-thoughnot,perhapsbuiltonthemajesticlines ofthecircusesofyesteryearandwhenmireemergedatlast fromthe"BigTop"andsavouredthescentof"hotdogs"and heardonceagainthecriesofthe hawkersofvariousknick-knacks andgewgaws-well,itjustseemedlikeoldtimes!

-DEGUSTIBUS.

41.41,..............41NINP414.0

RACINGSELECTIONS

Saturday,April9,1949. PickeringHandicap:Radiant Stream,1;HeartsAflame,2; BlueCheetah,3;StarChief,4. BickleyHandicap:Jesting,1; Statuette,2;Caisceen,3;Lord Nelson,4. WallistonHandicap:Bulera,1; Wanetsie,2;ThanksLovely,3; Blaxland,4. WittenoomStakes:Victory Lad,1;Mafelda,2;LadyLucia, 3;Garawind,4. MahoganyWelter(2):Melody Girl,1;Baffle,2;Ormic,3; Belair,4. SwanViewHandicap:Mafelda, 1;Carrageen,2;Leopold,3; ScottishLaw,4. MahoganyWelter(1):Sansoval,1;CapeHelles,2;Lord Wold,3;Blaxland,4.

"MemoriesCrowded InOnMe

LastweekIwenttothecircus. Im,ssstconfesstoacarrainexhilarationofmindasI drewnearthebizarreandbusy scene.Memories,vagueand shadowy,crowdedinonmeasI approachedthe"BigTop."Murkilyvisiblewastheentourageof smallertents,wagonsandcages, tetheredponies,ropesand stakes,hurryingpatronsand gapingidlers.Itallseemedso familiar;yetIcouldnotrememberWhenwaslastatacircus.

ofplacesandatallsortsofqueer angles.Somestoodupright, somesatside-saddle,someswung roundthegirthandothers swungonthetail.Itwasa non-stopmerry-go-roundoffun andfrolic,andeveryonelaughed heartily-thechildrenmostof all,addingafewshrillwhistles andcat-callstotheirapplause forgoodmeasure.

Whatastrange,nostalgiathe circusbringswithit!Hereis somethingrisingoutofthedim mistsofthepast;andjustas Phoenixrisesfromhisashes,so doesthecircuscometolifewhen theringmastercrackshiswhip andtheshowbegns.

GoldwynBros.wereontour inW.A.forthefirsttime.The openinggambit,wasacavalcade ofhorsesriddehandpesteredby atroupeofclowns.Theybestrodethehorsesinallmanner

Specialtyactsfollowedin swiftsuccession.Therewere walksontheslackwireand walksonthetightrope-not merelystraightwalks,butdaringdancesandotherintricateexhibitionsofbalance.There wereacrobaticfeatsonthemat, andgymnasticmarvelsonthe trapezeandverticalpole.There werephysicalfeatsthatmade youdrawyourbreathinquici.. ly;andallthetimetherewere thegayandfoolishclowns,and theremarkablyintelligentanimals. Isupposethemostpopular

TROTTING!ELECTICNS

Breeders'Handicap:Broadacres,1;BellaDixie,2;Mavista Derby,3. EasterHandicap-

FirstDivision:Marchalong,1; MissAudrey,2;HappyBint,3,

SecondDivision:CopperBar, 1;GallantCross,2;MeteorGirl, 3.

ThirdDivision:PrinceTingle, 1;Kulin,2;BattleSong,3.

FourthDivision:Novonia,1; EarlRibbon,2;Jewel'sHeir,3.

FifthDivision:HildaGrattan, 1;PatriciaGail,2;RoyalChatter,3.

SixthDivision:GayMonarch, 1;GallantChief,2;Cloudwood, 3.

I 41,

5thAnnualYouthConference

Y.C.W.

f>N.C.G.M.Meet

Sincetheestablishmentofthe CombinedY.C.W.andN.C.G.M. ConferencesinthisStateearly in1947,anappreciableamount ofgroundhasbeencoveredby bothMovementsattheseConferencesinthestudyofthebasic principlesofCatholicActionand theirpracticalapplication.

ThefifthsuccessfulConfer) encewasheldonthe27th.March last,intheSacredHeartSchool, Highgate,withapproximately 120memberspresent.Many branchchaplainswerealsoinattendance.

TheConferencewetsopenedby Dr.E.Sullivan,DiocesanChap0lainofbothMovements,at11 a.m.Doctorwelcomedallpresentandexpressedthehopethat theConferencewouldbeequally asbeneficialashadbeenthe precedingones.

MaryConnor(DiocesanPresidentoftheN.C.G.M.)thanked Doctor,andinturnintroduced EileenRowbottom(President, ShentonParkN.C.G.M.),who gavethefirstpaperoftheConference,"FormationofCatholic ActionLeadersThroughAction," whichclearlysetouthowleaders actuallytrainthemselvesthrough action,undertheguidanceandinspirationofthechaplainand presidentoftheirgroup.

Attheconclusionofthepaper tendiscussiongroupleaderswere appointed,andwiththeirgroup membersformedthemselvesinto groupstodiscussthevarious pointsoutlinedinthepaper.

Halfanhourwasallowedfor discussion,afterwhichallassembledonceagainintheconferenceroomtohearthediscussion leadersgivethefindingsoftheir groupsregardingthepaper`

Duringthereadingofthesereportsafindingscommittee,consistingofMaryConnorand ThelmaMurray,drewupacorn-

RecitalFor Religious

Weare'advisedbyhismanager,Mr,A.D.M.Longden,that thefamouspianist,Aleksandr Heimann,whoisshortlytogive concertsinPerth,hasofferedto giveaspecialrecitaltotheReligiousoftheArchdiocese.This willbearrangedshortlyafter Easter,andtheplaceanddate willbeannouncedinthesecolumns.TheNunsandBrothers ofallOrderswillbeinvitedto therecital.

Wm. *A. YOUNG FAMILYBUTCHER

CornerIOHN&FFIZGERALD STREETS.PERTH.

FORQUALITYMEATYOU'LLLOVETOEA7 'Phone:B2621.

RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.)

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12ATWELLARCADE, FREMANTLE-L1582.

B.BEECROFT,Butcher 181RokebyRoad,Sullins.

OnlyPrime,FreshKilledMen' Sold Phone:W187l-

pletelistoffindings,whichwas readtothemeetingbyDr.Sullivanattheconclusionofthereportsbydiscussiongroupleaders.

Theconferencethenadjournedforlunch,

Theafternoonconferencewas openedbyTerryDaly(Diocesan PresidentoftheY.C.W.)at2 p.m.,whointroducedRonGrant (President,FremantleY.C.W.).

Rongaveanexcellentpaperon "FormationofGeneralMembers forCatholicActi(!)nThroughthe MonthlyGeneralMeeting,"which explainedwhyandhowthe monthlygeneralmeetingshould beusedtoformthe.generalmemberstocarryouttheWorkof CatholicActionists.

Thesameprocedureofdiscussionbythoseinattendancefollowed,asinthemorning,nd manygoodpointsandpractical conclusionsarrivedat,werelistedbythe'findingscommittee,for thisconferenceconsistingof TerryDalyandRogerRyan,and readbyDr.Sullivan,

Theconcludingpaperofthe conferencewasgivenbyVery Rev.Dr.E.Sullivan,whochose ashissubject:"Vocationtothe LayApostolate."

TerryDalythenconcludedthe conferencebythankingtheSistersoftheSacredHeartHiga Schoolfortheirgenerosityin makingavailablethebuilding andgroundsfortheday.

Themeetingwasaskedtocarry withacclamationtheirthanksto theHighgateBranchofthe YC.W.andN.C.G.M.fortheir workintheorganisationofthe eenferencetDr.Sullivan,ChaplainoftheConference,andthe twomemberswhopreparedand deliveredthepapers.

RosaryandBenedictionin theHighgateChurchfittingly broughttoacloseaveryfruitful andsuccessfulconference.

ClontarfField Day

Arrangementsarewellin handfortheFieldDay,tobe heldatClontarfOrphanage,VictoriaPark,onSunday,8th.May.

Alltheusualactivitiesandentertainmentswillbeprovided, togetherwithseveralnewnoveltiespresentedbyMr.Isla, AnartunionofaManchester Parcel,tothevalueof25 guineas,should attractall thriftyhousewives,andbooks areavailablefromBrotherCrowleyandG.andV.Younes,49 WilliamStreet,Perth. Afrequentserviceofbuses willleavetheoldG.P.O.from 12.30p.m.

Therewillbethreespecial MetrobusesrunningfromFremantlestraighttoClontarf,at 1p.m.,1.30p.m.,and2p.m RivertonbuseswillgiveafrequentservicefromtheVictoria Parktramterminus.

Thegroundsareinexcellent condition,andintendingpatrons areassuredofahappyafternoon.

SincetheCouncilofNicein 325,Easterisalwaysobserved onthefirstSundayfollowing thefirstfullmoon,afterthevernalequinox.Itmaycomeas earlyasMarch22andaslateas April25.

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H.A.C.B.S.

OurLadyHelpofChristians Branch,EastVictoriaPark.

Bro.Greenwoodpresidedover averywellattendedmeetingon Tuesday,March29.

Our"B"gradebadmintonteam willbeplayingatSt.Brigid's onMonday,April11,andour "A"teamathomeonournext meeting,Tuesday,April12.The meetingwillstartat7.30p,m. sharp,andrefreshmentswillbe appreciated.

Ourtennisclubisprogressing favourably,andmembersareremindedthatplaytakesplaceon SundayafternoonsandWednesdayeveningsinBishopgateSt,, Carlisle Bros.GardandFirthwere dulyreceivedintothebranch andwelcomedbythepresident.

Awelcomewasextendedto Sr.V.Egan,whohasjustreturnedfromtheEasternStates, andtoBro.Courtney,whohas beenawayforsometime.

Remember,ournextmeeting willstartat7.30p.m.sharp. CharityticketwaswonbyBro, J.McCarthy. St,Joachim'sBranch.

Ourlastmeetingwasheldon the31st.inst.

Weextendoursytapathyto Sr.S.O'Neil,inherrecentsad bereavement.

Sickpaywaspassedforfour members.WetrustthatBro. W.Mottramwillsoonbeingood healthagain,alsoBro.J.Tully, whohasbeenillforsomeweeks.

Weextendourgoodwishesto Sr.BettyAustin,whobecame engagedrecently,andalsoto Sr.BerniceKellyandBro,P. Wooltorton.whohaveannounced theirengagement.

Sr.MaryJessopisholidaying intheEasternStates,andwee wishheraverypleasanttime.

WearepleasedtoseeSr.MargaretClarkbackafterherholidayintheEast.

Membersarenotifiedthatour nextmeetingwillstartat7.50 p.m.Membersofthebadmintonteamareremindedthatwe playHelpofChristians'Branch onApril12th.

CatholicWomen'sLeague

Thegeneralmeetingwillbe heldonWednesday,April13,at 2p.m.Themembersofthe Cottesloebrancharehostesses thismonth, Themonthlybridgepartywill beheldonThursday,April28, at2p.m.,attheRooms,Nestle House.

ArchdioceseOfPerth PropagationoftheFaith,Holy Childhood,andRansomListsfor March,1949,

No.ofRansoms.

St.Theresa'sPrimarySchool, Nedlands 20

SacredHeartJuniorHigh School,Highgate 20

HolyChildhood, £a.d.

St.Anne'sSchool,Harvey

St.Theresa'sPrimary School,Nedlands 1100

Total £1.100

ANICEDISCOVERY.

In1492Columbusdiscovered America.In1949youcanwin £3,000in"Charities,"Tryyour luckto-dayintheNo.474CharitiesConsultation.Prizemoney totals£6,630.

ShortySez:Ifyoutakea chanceyoumusttaketheconstquences.

"ReturnoftheBadMen"has enoughbadmeninthecast,to stockayear'soutputofwesterns.ItincludessuchsemilegendarydesperadoesasBilly theKid,WildBillDoolin,Wild BillYeager,TheArkansasKid, Cole,JimandJohn'Younger, Emmett,BobandGratDalton, andtheSundanceKid.Unfortunately,itturnsouttobea caseoftoomanycrooks;most ofthesevillains,thoughfairly wellcastandreasonablypictur ague,merelygetinthewayof eachother'svillainy.

Theonlyheavywhothrows hisweightaroundtoanyeffect istheSundanceKid(Robert Ryan,athoroughlyhissablevillain).HekillsagoodIndianin coldblood,murdersareformed she-banditnamedCheyenne (AnneJeffreys)whenhecan't persuadehertoswitchbackinto banditry,andfinallymeetshis matchinaprotractedbare.fieted boutwiththeU.S.marshal (RandolphScott)aftershooting itoutunsuccessfullyinalonely building.Thelocale:theboom townofGuthrie,andtheghost townofBraxton,justbeforeand afterthe1889landrushinto OklahomaTerritory.

Thesetdesignersandcameramanshowanunusuallyvivid senseofperiod,place,mood,and theimmediate,livingmoment. Asaresult,someofthepicture seemstobehappeningforthe firsttime,whereastherunof moviesaremereillustrationsof whathappenedinascript.But inspiteofallthehistorythat leaksinaroundtheedges,thisis essentiallyaroutinewestern, easyenoughtotakeandjustas easytoletalone.

Sharpestdeparturefromwesternformula;old-timerGabby Hayesasabankpresident. (Ambassadors,)

"YouGottaStayHappy."

e

Theadroitandwell-acted comedyof"YouGottaStay Happy"flowsfromatainted source.Startingfromadull, dispiritinganddebasedconcept ofmarriagethefilmdeliberately setsouttostimulateanunhealthyawarenessofthephysicalaspectofsexualrelationships. Muchofthehumourblatantly reliesforitspunchonimmoral sexovertones,thinlydisguised byatokenadherencetopro- priety.

Thedangeristhatthecasual observermaybedruggedinto tacitacceptanceoffundamental falsehoodbythesoothingopiates ofslickphrasesandcharming personalities.Thepersuasive linesofapracticalscriptwriter, theelfingaietyofalovelyJoan

Fontaine,andthedrywitofa homespunJamesStewartcan colourfoolishorunworthyconductwithsuchalluringrainbow tintsasarescarcelytobemet' withinreallife.

OnceagainHollywoodassures usthat.thereisasoul-mate,but onlyone,infact,"theone,"for eachofus,andthatthereisa simpleandinfalliblewayof knowingwhichoneis"theone."

Thistimethemagiclitmuspaper turnsouttobethefirstkiss.If itmakesyoushout"you'rethe one,"well,thereyouare,andif itdoesn't,well,thereyouare again.Whataboomthisstartlingnewswillbetotherestless hordesthatburstoutofthedivorcecourtdoorseagertorenew theirinterruptedsearchfor"the one."

Itistobehopedthatthe bubblingvitalityofEddieAlbert issoonletlooseonmorewhole-omematerial.

Thefilmisnot generalexhibition.

suitablefor (Piccadilly.)

,o

OrdersPromptlyAttendedTo

CLONTARFBOYS'TOWN VICTORIAPARK.

ANNUALFIELDDAY

SUNDAY,8thMAY11949

SpendthisdayatClontarf.EnjoyYourselfinHelpingaGreat Work GovernmentBuses,every16minutes,from12.30,PerthtoClontarf;RivertonBuses,atregularintervalsfrom1p.m.;Victoria PastTramTerminustoClontarf;MetroBusesat1p.m.,130 p.m.,and2p.m.,FremantletoClontarf. DONATIONSSOLICITED.

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[VIEWPOINTI

Oflatetherehasbeensome discussion-onemightevensay acrimoniouswrangling--concerningthefunctionofthecritic. Itappearsthatsomeonehas troddenonsomeone'scorns. Being,foronce,happilyoutside thequarrel,Iproposetomakea flewpersonal observations; thoughIamawarethatthis smacksstronglyofstickingone's neckout. Itissaidthattherearetwo sidestoeveryquestion.The protagonistsinthepresentinstancemaybetakenastheartist andthecriticInanarrower sensetheymayberegardedas theamateurstageartistandthe journalistcritic. Noweachofthesegentryhas limitationsimposedonhimby reasonofhisposition.The amateur,howevermuchofan artisthemightbe,isoftende-. barredfromgivingofhisbest becauseeitherhehasn'tgotshe moneytoputona"crackerjack" show,orhasn'tgotthestage,or hasn'tgotagoodenoughsup. portingcast,orsomeequally validreasonintervenes.I've seenamateurshowsbroughtto thebrinkofruinbylast-minute

Conductedby DEGUSTIBUS

professionals,andmustthereforelookforwardtoafutureof continualfrustration.Norisit alicenceforthecritictodeclareopenseasononamateurs. Whenhehasappraisedamateur effort,notagainstsomehazy screenerectedespeciallyfor theminhisownmind,butin termsofuniversalvalues,then hestillhasanobligationtodisciplinehiswritingwiththevirtueofcharityandtemperhis judgmentswithdiscretion.This shouldbethe"let-out"forthe amateur,ifheneedsone.Ifhis workisnotuptostandard,it seemstomethattheproper courseforthecriticistosayso inasmildamannerashemay, withouteithersacrificinghis ownintegrityorundulywoundingthesensibilitiesoftheartist. Hereiswhereaheavyresponsibilityliesonthejournalist critic.Ifheistobeacritic, andnotmerelyareporter,he mustrecordhisimpression's faithfully;yethemustbeacutelyconsciousoftheeffectofhis "write-ups"'onboththeartist andthegeneralpublic.Obviouslyheshouldbeamasterof words,instinctivelyawareof

TheFunction OfTheCritic

St.Ildephonsus' College

OnSaturday,April2nd.,a partyofOldBoysarrivedtotry issuewiththeCollegeXLNext morningthetossfavouredthem, andtheybattedfast,gaining3 for104bylunch.Thiswas duemainlytoavigorous68from MauriceMaherandasteady28 fromGeorgeJeffs.Butthe earlypromisefaded,andall wereoutfor161.WilliamGaynor,MauriceFlynn,PatConnaughtonandVestyByrneall addedusefulscores.Best bowlersfor wereWesley Miller(5for51)andIanBarrett (3for24).

OpeningbatsmenforS.I.C. playedcautiously,andafine partnershipbyNoelBlake(64 notout)andBarryShine(19), pavedthewayforfinalvictory. A:stumpsS.I.C.hadscored4for for174,andsowonacomfortablevictoryovertheOldBoys' team,BestbowlersfortheOld BoyswereGeorgeJeffs(2for 23)andMauriceMaher(1for 26). Atthedinnertenderedthe team,KevinByrneexpressed theirpleasureatthebriefvisit, andBrotherLucianDirector, voicedthethanksofallfortheir pontaneouslyorganisedvisitto theCollege.

CricketAt Aquinas

WeSolicitaTrial fromallReligiousInstitutions

Noordertoobigortoosmall. Wecansupplyeveryneedifatallmanufactured.

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defectionsamongthecast,by poorattendanceatrehearsals,by unsympatheticandunintelligent production.Onanyoneofa numberofcountstheamateur whofeelsthathehasbeenharshly.dealtwithbythenewspapers maymakeacomeback;andthis makesgoodlisteningforquite anappreciableportionoftne generalpublic.Thereareplenty tosympathisewithhim,"Why," theycry,"shouldapraiseworthy venturelikethisbestrangledat birth?Monthsofhardwork undergreatdifficultieshave beendisregarded.Whyshould amateursbetreatedasthough theywereprofessionals?'"

theiremotivecontent-themore sobecausehehastocompose rapidly,inordertobeattits "dead-line,"Thisspeedofwritingisoneofthelimitationsimposedonthejournalistcriticby virtueofhisposition. Ithasbeensometimesargued astowhethernewspapersintend to"report"aperformanceor genuinelycriticiseit.Thisisa pointwhichshouldbeclearedup intheeditorialoffice.Plainly thereisadifferencebetweena reportandacriticism,andno criticalwordsorphrasesshould beallowedtooccurinmatter whichpurportstobesimplya report.

Why,indeed,ifnotforthe verygoodreasonthatamateurs wishtobetreatedlikeprofessionals;otherwisetheywould notaskfortheirworktobereviewed.Noamateurbodypresentingitselfforcriticismthinks consciouslyintermsofaspecial tertainmenttobemetedouttoit. Inhishearteveryamateurartist likestothinkofhisworkbeing judgedagainstprofessionalstandards;andifhewillthinkalittlemoredeeplyaboutit,hewill realisethatitisnotreallya questionofamateurismversus professionalismatall,buta questionofartversuscriticism ofart.

Imeanthatthereisnotone standardfortheamateurand anotherfortheprofessional;becausetheyarebothonthesame track,bothaimingatthesame goal,andwhoshallsaywhere, intermsofartistry,amateurism leavesoffandprofessionalism begins?Inmyview,criticism, tobevalid,mustbewholeand entireinitscharacter,thehonestopinionofonepersonbased onhisconceptionsofwhatis goodandacceptableinart. Oncehebeginstosetanartificial standardofachievementforthe amateurandanotherfortheprofessional,hedestroysthevalidityofhisopinions;heisnolongeracriticatall;logicallyhewill proceedtoformulateotherstandardstosuitvariousstagesof progressamongamateurs,and thushewilldescendintobanalities Thisisnottosaythatamateurs,becausetheyworkunder greaterdifficulties,cannever hopetoproduceanythir.gto comparewiththeworkofthe

Thereremainsonelastcomment.Totheamateurwhohas beenstungbyacritic,letme say:"Don'twhine!"ComplainingonlyresultsinlossofdignityMoreover,itoftendirects undueattentiontothecritic's attack.Manypeoplewould neverhavenoticedthecritical remarks,perhaps,butforthe "stormina.tea-cup"whichfollows.Complainingwillnot remedythematter,Criticswill goonsayinguncomplimentary thingsfromtimetotime,andit isgoodthattheyshouldwhm thespiritmovesthem;forwithoutcriticismtherecouldbeno art.

SAFETYSLOGANS

OnWednesday,30th.March, AquinaswasdefeatedbyScotch Collegeinthefinalgameofthe firstroundoftheDarlotCup competition.Scotch,batting first,compiled122,GarrettCullitysecuring5for31,Tomleankevich3for21,andPercyJohnsonfor33.Dry,scoring62, wasmainlyresponsiblefor Scotch'stotal.Inreply,Aquinas onlymustered62,RayLaurie scoring16.

TheAquinassecondsshaped poorlytoscoreonly32,inreply toScotch's113.

TheCollegethirdelevendismissedScotchfor55,LaurieEdwardssecuring4for10,Paul Leeson2for14,MauriceCullity 2for9,andBasilChristie2for 1.InreplyAquinasscored60 forthelossofonly4wickets, MaxCow'cherscoring13;Basil Christie11,andBernardScahill 10.

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Treateveryfirearmasloaded, evenwhenyouknowitisn't.

633HAYSTREET (nexrAmbassadorsTheatre), VINWHITE,PROPRIETOR.

DearCornerites

Nextweekourmindswillbe occupiedwiththesadthoughts whichalwaysarisewhenweconsiderOurLord'sPassion,For thosewhoattendtheceremonies ofthelastthreedaysoftheweek therewillbeeveryopportunityof followingeachofthesufferings whichOurLordenduredforthe atonementofoursins.Itwould bewelltoaskOurLadytobe withusduringthedevotionsin orderthatwemayrealisemore fullytheintensityofthoseterriblesufferings,andhaveher helptoshowourcompassionand increaseourdesiretosufferwith JesusandthusreturnHimlove forlove.

"HolyMother,piercemethrough, Inmyhearteachwoundrenew Of'mySaviourcrucified."

AUNTBESSY,

SchoolsBuiltOf Aluminium

Schoolswithbuildingsofaluminiumarebeingconstructedin Britain.Thefirstthreeofsuch schoolswererecentlyopenedin Bristol.:Theyareconstructed bytheBristolAeroplaneCompany,andalreadytheyhaveon theirbooksordersfor192more aluminiumschoolstobebuiltin Britain.

TheBristolschoolswereconstructedinninemonths.3ecauseofBritain'sgreatschool buildingprogramme,prefabrica tionofmanykindsisbeingused tospeedupconstruction.Buildinginaluminiumisoneofthe methodsdevisedbybuildersand engineers.

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TOSommeOf OurLaoti.

waswell-nighbrokenatthe thoughtofallherDivineSon suffered.ShesawHistender Bodytornwithcruelscourges, HisadorableHeadcrownedwith

BodywasnailedtotheCross. ShealsoheardherbelovedSon beingmockedandJeeredateven whenHehunginaognyonthe Cross. Nooneknewbetterthanshe lidthatHiswholeLifehadbeen onelongseriesofactsofloving :indnesstowardmankind.His

thorns,thesacredBloodflowing instreamsfromeverypartof hisPerson,HisbareandbleedingFeetstumblingunderthe weightoftheheavyCross.She alsosawthemarksofhunger, thirst,weariness,andintense weaknessonHisdelicateFrame, HisbeautifulEyesfullofBlood, HisCheeksdisfiguredwith bruises,filthywithspittle,swollenwithblows,HisHairmatted withBlood,andHisgarments dyedredfromthecopiousflow ofHissacredBlood.Sheheard thebrutalcriesofhisownpeoole:"AwaywithHim,crucify Him!"andtheheavyblowsof thehammer,asHismangled

.4ttntBessy'8

6.2LETTERBOX

Kalgoorlie.

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefind enclosed£1,fortheBushies' Scheme,inhonouroftheSacred Heart,forafavourIreceived. WisllingyoueverysuccessYoursfaithfully, AFRIEND.

DearFriend,-Manythanks foryourgenerousdonationto theBusbies'Corner,forwhich,I amsure,theSacredHeart

dayshadbeenspentintheserviceofthesuffering,healing theirwounds,forgivingtheir sins,and,ineveryway,soothing theirsorrows.Whatareturn Hereceived!

OurLadywouldliketosee youtryingtotracetheimage ofthegentleJesusonyoursoul. YouarelikeHimwhenyoushare yourlunchwithsomeother childwhohasnone,forinstance, andwhenyoudocheerfully somethingunpleasantyouare toldtodo.

"MotherofSorrows,helpme tobecomemoreandmorelike yourgentle,lovingChildeach day!"

THEEASTERWINDOW

Eagerwasalmosthere,and AmandaFreemanstillhadno ideaofwhattoputinthewindowofherlittlegiftandart shop.Lastyearshehadarrangedatemptingdisplayof UkranianEastereggs;theyear beforeshehadtobecontentwith bunnies.Unfortunately,au-thenticUkrainianEastereggs wereunobtainablethisyear;and somehowsheshrankfromthe ideaofresortingtobunniesagain -socommon.Besides,halfthe littleshopsonCentreStreethad alreadybrokenoutintoarash ofEasterbunnies.

Ifonlyshecouldthinkof somethingpeculiartoEaster thatwouldstillhaveaunique, individualflavour-astrikingdisplaythatfairlyreekedofEasterandwouldcompelpeopleto stopandstareatherlittlewindowand,perhaps,evencomein andbuy.Butwhatcouldthe dear,stupidpublicassociatewith Easterexcepteggs,bunnies,flow_ ersandcrazyhats?Andthose thingshadbeendonetodeath.

Onegrey,dismalmorningas Amandasatatherdeskandpondereduponthisknottymer chandisingproblem,thelittle bellonherdoor,toolongsilent, tinkledpromisinglywiththeentranceofacustomer.

FatherDonnellyentered,carryingalarge,flatpackagerather gingerlyunderonearm.He wasayoungpriest,newlyarrivedatSaintAnne's,thesmall CatholicchurchtuckedinbetweenthetenementbuildingsbehindAmanda'sshop.

AmandapassedSaintAnne's practicallyeverydayofherlife, andyetshehadneverentered itBornofamotherwhomshe couldscarcelyremember,andan agnosticfather,shehadlived withoutareligionofanydescriptionforherentire56years.

Andsoshewasabitdrystified tofindFatherDonnellywaiting patientlyinherlittleshop.She hadafleetingimpressionthathe hadcomenottobeservedbut toserve. 'oyou,"hedemanded,intrepidly,"framepiatures?" ''Why-yes!"gaspedAmanda, overcomebyhisbuoyanttones. Framingwasaservicethatwas scarcelyeverrequiredofhrf. "Good!"boomedFatherDonnelly. Heseemedinclinedto bequick'andnervous.Amanda, whohadalwayssufferedfrom

hisswifthandspeeledoffadozen brown-paperwrappers.Shedid notknowwhy,butshehada madfeelingthathewasaboutto showhersomethinginfinitely precious-anewlydiscovered VanGogh,perhaps,oranoriginalRenoir.

Andsurelyenough,theyoung priestpausedreverentlywhenhe cametothe.linalwrapper.Then heremoveditgently,lovingly, tenderly,andheldhispictureup forhertosee. "Oh,"criedAmanda,instrickentones,"Oh,no!"Andshe

itmakesnosensetome-nailing amantoacross.That'swhy ithurtstolookatit.I-Ican almostfeelthosenails."

"Hefeltthem,"theyoung priestretortedsadly."AndHe didn'tneedto.Hecouldhave commandedahostofangelsto comeandsaveHimfromman's inhumanitytoman?

"Then,whyinHeaven'sname didn'tHe?"criedAmandaangrily. Unexpectedly,FatherDonnellysmiledather."Icansee thatyouwoulddothingsdiffer-

Amandawasinaquandary aboutsomething differentforherwindow'decoration something thatwouldattractcustomers shewasina worsequandary,butdidn'trealiseit until FatherDonnellyhappenedalongwithhistreasure

herownnervoushaste,noticed thisinstantly.Buttherewas alsoapowerfulcalmabouthim whichseemedtoguidehisevery action.Helaidhislarge,flat parceldeftlyonatableandbegantountiethestring.

"You-youhaveapicture?" askedAmanda,timidlyandsuperfluously.

"Yes-Ihaveapicture."

FatherDonnellysmiledatherabig,confidentsmilethatseemedtodescendonherfromasuperiorheight.Shewaited,al mostwith*baitedbreath,while

turnedherheadaway.

Itwasastartlingpaintingof theCrudfixionbysomeunknown artist.Whatpaintshadbeen usedwerenotquitecertain,and whiletherenderingwasobviouslyofrecenttimes,there%ad beennoattemptatwantonindividualism.Ithadbeenfaithfullydone:thecrosswastrue, and-thebodyofthedyingSaviournaileduponitwastrue. Bloodcreptfromthecruelholes inHishandsandfeet;uponHis facegentleresignationhadjust replacedunspeakableagony.The headdroopedcompliant's.The crosswasvividandbrutal againstastormysky.

No.2ortheSeries

-TheProductionorBeer

MaltismodebywettingBarleyand spreadingitonthemoltingfloor. Germinationoccursondtheprocess iscontrolleduntilthedesiredgrowth isottoined.Thegroinisthendried orkilnedandstoredforuse.The Maltsterhastobehighlyskilledand trained,foroilthewondersondComplexitiesofthestoryofLifeitself oreinthisprocess Themein changeisthealterationofthegrain contenttoprovidefoodfortheyoung plant,whichneedseasilyassimilated' foods,henceMoltExtract,beingso nutritious,isgiventoInfantsand

Invalids:MoltistheBasisofBeer. Insertedasamatterofpublic InterestandinformationbytheSwan BreweryCompanyLimited,makersof SwanLager. It

entryifyouwereGod,"besaid. Amandahadthegracetofeel abashed."Well,perhaps 1 would,"shemurmured,rebelliously,butwithdowncasteyes. "PerhapsIwouldnotletpeople diebyinchesofcancer,PerhapsIwouldnotletayoung soldierlosebotharmsandboth legsinthewar.Andneither wouldyou,"shefinished,staring hotlyathim.

"Nomancouldsurvivewhat Hesuffered,"counteredFather Donnelly,''andhopetosave btharmsandlegs."

ForamomentFatherDonnellywaslostinraptcontemplation;butpresentlyhereturnedtoAmandawithalookof bothsurpriseandunderstanding.ForAmandaFreeman,to alloutwardappearance,seemed tobeabrittle,foolish,worldly, middle-agedwoman.Herhair wastossedinariotofyouthfulcurls,herlipsandherfinger

By DorisOverland

tipswerebrightscarlet,andher small,taut,wearyfaceseemed jadedandhopeless.Butnow herdarkeyeshadcomealive, andtheyburnedwithacurious, halffearfullight-alightthat Amandaherselfdidnoteven knowwasthere.

"I-1amsorry,"shefaltered, "butIcanneverbeartolookat aCrucifixion,It'ssobrutal! Thosenails."

"ThenyoulovethisMan?"

askedFatherDonnellygently.

Amandastaredathim.

"I-Idon'tknowwhatyou mean."shegasped.Butbefore thepriestcouldspeak,asudden, fierceloyaltytotheirreligionof herfatherinflamedher,andshe addedquickly:"Itwasallso longago.Howcananyone know?"

"Youseemtoknowwhenyou gazeuponthis,"saidFather Donnelly,indicatinghispicture.

Amandaturnedmournful browneyesuponhim.

"ButHewasGod,"retortelAmanda,ratherbitterly. "NothingcouldhappentoHim."

"HewasalsoaMAN,"remindedFatherDonnelly,gently, "andagreatdealcouldanddid happentoHim. shedreal blooduponthatcross-andunderthescourgegreatwounds wereopenedinHisFlesh.You knowhowtheRomanscourge wasmade,doyounot?"

that?"askedFatherDonnelly mildly.

"Well,hewasn't,"defended Amandahotly."Hewasthe kindest,dearestsoulinthe woad.Hebroughtmeupon Dickens,theBiomes,Hugo,Darwin,andOliverWendellHolmes. Hecouldneverbeartoseealivingcreaturesuffer.Heendowedpoorstudents,hesaved widows'holiesfromthebank, heboundupthewoundsofdoss andcatsandsetrobins'wings. Hebelievedinman'sessential goodness,andhereallylivedhis creed."

"Doyouthinkhewantedyou tomakeareligionofhim?"askeaFatherDonellygently.

"Oh,norAmanda'stonewas explosive."Hewouldhave beenhorrified!"Suddenlyshe lookedabashed."ButIsupposeIhave-inaWay.Inthis meanworldofpratinghypocrites,somehow,allI.canbelieve inismyfather."

FatherDonnellyturnedback tohispicture-asiftofind strengthintheoutstretchedarms andthethorn-crownedhead.For amomenthecoveredhiseyes withhishands,andthenhe spoke-swiftlyandsharply.

"Intheprideoforiginalsin weresentthisMan,"hesaid. "Weaskourselvesjealouely: 'WhyshouldHebeGod?'We giveallsortsofnoblemotivesto ourresentment.Butthesin remains. WeresentHimbecauseweknowthatHeisGod, andthatwecanbeperfocted onlyinHim.Butwewould ratherhaveourperfectionin ourselves"-andheretheyoung priest'slipstwistedwithbitter mockery-"inourownkind, noh:e,self-sacrificingselves" Amanda'sdarkeyesbecame suddenlywisewithunderstanding.

"-Youhaveshownmemyself, Father,"sheconfessed,"only yousaid'we.'Whydidyou?

Surelyyouare-notlikethat"

"SaintPaulsummeduphis life,"smiledFatherDonnelly, "bysaying,'Ihavefoughtthe goodfight.'Hewouldnothave saidthatiftherewerenotsomethingtofight."

"Wasit-wasitaRoman scourge?"falteredAmanda. 'SomehowIhadmove:thought ofitasbeingaRomanscourge." "Itwasnotunlikelyformen todieundertheRomanscourge," saidtheyoungpriest."The scourgealonewouldbehardlya mercifuldeath.Yes,Hewas human,andHeknewpain."

"Hewas?"Amandascanned hervisitor'sfacewithanxi'us eyes."IthoughtHewassupposedtobeGod. Ithinkthat's whyIalwaysresentedHim--a little."

"Youdon'tthinkit'spossible then,"questionedFatherDonnelly,keenly,"thatHecouldbe bothGodandMan?"

Amanda'sheadturnedslightly tooneside-asifshewerequestioningsomehiddenbeingwithinherself.

"1don'tknow,"sheadmitted softly."WhenIwasavery smallchild,mymothertoldme abouthowtheBabyJesuswas borninastableandabouta marvellousstarwhichledthe shepherdsandthewisemento Him.ButIrememberaslittle aboutitasIdoaboutmymother. ShediedwhenIwasseven.After thatmyfathertookmeonhis kneeandtaughtmethatThere wasnoBabyJesus,Hecalled itacharmingsentimentalstars aboutthebirthofagreatre'iaiousleader. Isupposeyouthink hewasaterribleman?"

"IwishIcouldhaveafaith likeyours,"she'oldhimwetidy,"afaiththatwouldmakeit easyformetobelievetheimpossible.Butthereistoomuch terrorandsufferinginthe world.Itmakesnosenseto me."

"Butthismakessensetoyou," remindedFatherDonnelly,turningagaintohispicture.

"If,indeed,ithannened-and Isupposeitdid,"highelAmanda."It'sjustanotherinstance ofman'sinhumanitytoman.No

"Now,whyshouldIthink

Atthispointtheyoungpriest seemedabouttoleaveasabruptlyashehadcome, "Iwish,"saidAmandabravely,"thatwemighttalkagain sometime."

"Thenweshall,"saidFather Lonnelly.

"Fine!"Amandafollowedhim tothedoor."I'lldoagoodjob foryou,Father."

"Ofthat1amcertain."Father Donnellybowed,openedthe door,squintedatthesky,casuallyremarkedthatitlookedlike rain,andwasgone.

Amandaframedthepicture thatveryafternoon.Withgreat care,evenwithreverence,she placeditinasimple,burnished goldframe-nottoowide,not toonarrow,andnottooglaringlygold.Thenshecarrieditto herbareshowwindowand placeditinthecentre.Oneither sideshearrangedtwowhitecandlesinpolishedwoodencandlesticksthatwerenotforsale.

Andassheworked,shetalked toherself, "FatherDonnellywon'tmind," -hetoldherself,happily..."Even ifhedoes,hewillforgiveme.It willhelikeawaysideshrine. Peoplewillstoptolookin-not tobuy,huttorememberhow terriblyGodsufferedforus.And perhapsthosewhoarelikeore'isinginadarkcloudofpride andignorance-willcomeouta littleintotheilaht-ancl--and 'tetnearertoHim."

Roadsafetymeanyoursafety.

theCatholicAnswer

takesfromthevalueofrecognitionAlsoitistoberememberedthatstatementsofdoctrineweremadetosomeEastern churcheswhichwerevehemently rejectedasnottheteachingof theProtestantChurchbyim portantsectionsofAnglicansin England.TheRumanianrecognitionofthevalidityofAnglican Orderswarsobtainedonconditionthattheteachingofthe ProtestantChurchwassuchas wasrepresentedtothembythe delegates, SincetheAnglican delegatesAllowedthemselves seriouslytomisrepresentthedoctrineoftheChurchofEngland, therecognitionwasnotofmuch valueTheseandmanyother pointspresent-dayAnglicans eitherdonotknoworconvenientlyforget.Allthingsconsidered,donotthinkthattherecognitiongivenbythebodies whichIhavementionedshould giveanycausetodoubtthe soundnessofthejudgmentgiven thatAnglicanOrdersareinvalid. Youmustremember,"Dogma," thattherearefarmoreAnglicansinagreementwithCatholicsonthisveryquestionthan thereareindisagreement.The vastmajorityofAnglicanshave nobeliefintheRealPresenceof ChristintheBlessedSacrament, hencenobeliefintherealsacrificeofChristastheVictim, hencenobeliefinarealpriesthood.Theyare,therefore,in perfectagreementwiththeCatholicviewofthestandingof theirministers.Therearesome Anglicanswhorejectthebelief thataSacramentoftheBlessed Eucharistwaseveninstitutedby

(ContinuedfrontPageC.)

PenanceAppeasesGod's Justice

Christatall.NoAnglicanis boundtobelieveinthenecessityofepiscopacyandepiscopal ordination,whichisleftanopen questionintheChurchofEngland.Theresultofthisisthat theyoftenhaveassignedequal validitytotheordersofnonepiscopalbodies.Thesearenot theviewsofasmallbandof LowChurchmen,buttheopinion ofnotonlyprominentmenin theChurchofEngland,butof themajorityofthesewhocall themselvesProtestants.The ArchbishopofCanterbury,when addressingthedeaconesseswhom hehadjustordained,saidto them."Youareordainedwomen inpreciselythesamesensein whichIamanordainedman."I donotthinkthatthereisanythingtobegainedbygoingfurtherintothissubject.Asa High-Anglicanyouareentitled toyourownopinion;butitis hardtounderstandwhyyou shouldbesodispleasedwithus Catholicsforholdingthatthe ordersofyourclergymenare completelyinvalid,whenso manydistinguishedmembersof yourownChurch,withwhom youareinunion,shouldhave heldthattherewasnotthe slightestclaimtojustifyyouin savingthatyourministerswere equalintheirpowerstoCatholic Priests.

SlightDifferencesBetween TwoChurches

Youwrite:

"TheonlydifferenceIcansee betweenthesetworeligionsis thattheChurchofEngland willnotrecognisethePope, whiletheCatholicChurchacknowledgeshimasthesuccessorofSt.Peter."

"CatholicsdisclaimtheChurch ofEnglandbecauseitdoesnot submittothePope.Yetwhy dotheynotdisclaimthechurchesoftheEasternRites? Thesechurchesarerecognised bytheCatholicChurchasdescendedfromtheApostlesand ashavingdivinecommission toteach;theydonotacknowla ledgethePope,sowhyare theynotcutoff?'

A.:JustastheCatholic Churchcannotacknowiledgeas marriedthosewhohavenever gonethroughthecorrectform ofmarriage,justasshecannot recogniseasbaptisedthosewho havehadashowerofrosepetals pouredovertheirhead,aswas thepracticeofoneChurchof Englandministersomeyears agoinSydney,soshecannotrecognisetheordinationoftheministersoftheChurchofEngland asvalidwhentheessentialform, aslaiddownbyChrist,hasbeen changed.

YousaythatyouseenodifferencebetweentheChurchofEnglendandtheCatholicChurch, exceptthatoneacceptsthePope andtheotherdoesnot.You wishasaresulttoplaceyourselfonthesamefootingasthe CatholicChurch,Youcannot knowthedifferencebetween schismandheresy.TheSchismaticalChurcheshaveretained theentireteachingofChristOur '11 Lord;theybelieveinandadministerthesevensacramentswhich Christinstitutedandhavethe righttodosobecausetheorders conferredontheirpriestshave comedownfromvalidlyconsecratedbishoptopriestfromthe timeoftheApostles.

Howcanyouclaimthatthere isnodifferencebetweenthemin-

TennisRacquetsRestrungbyex pertsatWimbledonSportsDepot 14BonMarcheArcade.

istersoftheChurchofEngland, and,ofcourse, the ministersoftheHighChurch section,andthepriestsoftoe CatholicChurch,wihen,inpoint offact,yourministersarenot validlyordainedandourpriests are.Ifthechurchtowhichyou belongnotonlyrefutesthedivineauthorityofthePopebut quitewronglyclaimstohavethe powertochangebreadandwine intotheBodyandBloodofthe Lord,apowerwhichthemajor its'ofyourchurchdenies,ifyou makeconfessionofsinoptional anddenytheSacramentofExtremeUnction,surelyyourministerscannotbecalledpriestsof theChristwhoinstitutedseven sacraments.

TheHighChurchAnglican claimisludicrousandimpossible. Youarenot,asyousay,justpeopleseparatedfromtheCatholic Churchbyschism,bybeingunwillingtoacknowledgethePope astheVicarofChristonearth, hutpeoplewhorepudiatemuch ofChrist'steachingandlay claimwithoutvalidorderstoadministertheSacraments.Your ministersarenotpriestsinthe strictsenseoftheword;theyara justlaymenwhohaveundertakentopreachandinstructand havenomorespecialpowerthan themanin.thestreet.Whena HighChurchmansaysthevoords f consecration,hemightjustas wellsay"OpenSesame,"for,not havingbeenvalidlyordained, whateverwordsheuseswill havenoeffect.Theoutcomeof thisisjustasineffectiveaswould betheeffortsofamantoopen hisfrontgateeverymorningby somemysticalformularather thanbyhand.

Twonderwhyyouchosethe nom-de-plume"Dogma,"when everythingyousaidwassounsounddogmatically.Thepositionyousuggestisimpossible, IfyouacceptastruththepronouncementsnotonlyoftheCatholicChurchbutthoseofthe highestauthorityinyourown }lurch,youasaHighChurchmanmustseethatyouareliving inafool'sparadise,sinceyour ministershavenottheshadowof aclaimtobesacrificialpriestsof God.

WithoutthepolitenessofDear Father,orthesuggestedimpolitenessofDearSir,thenextletterbegins:

"IsittruethatifCatholicsdo noteatfishonFridaysthey commitasin?IsthatbecausetheApostleswerefishermen?itseemssillytome.

(Signed)'Fishy,'WestPerth."

A.:NoCatholicsarenot boundtoeatfishonFridays;Catholicsareneverboundtoeat fish.Thereis,however,alaw ofabstinencewhichforbidsthem toeatmenonFridays,andthat isprobablywhatyouarethinkingof.Asforthereasonfor thislaw,Iamafraidthatyou illashavetogomuchdeeperthan thefactthatmanyoftheApostleshappenedtobefishermen. Abstinencefromcertainfoods andfastinghasafarmoreseriouspurposethanthatwhichyou suggest.Adam'sdisobedience toGodhasrenderedallmen liabletothenecessityofappeasingthejusticeofGod.Tomeet thisneednaturehasdictatedthe necessityofpenance,andpositivelegislationhasdetermined thewaysandmeanswhereby thisnaturalobligationistobe carriedout.

Wehaveplentyofevidenceof theexistenceoffastingandabstinenceintheOldTestament. Therewerelawsregardingspecialdaysoffastandabstinence, aswellasgenerallawswhich forbadetheIsraelitestoeatof sarticularkindsoffoodatany time.Certainclassesoffood werecompletelybanned.The OldTestamentalsoprovidesus withnumerousexamplesofmen andwomenwhoinaspiritof penanceimposedonthemselves longandarduousfasts,orofoccasionswhenageneralfastwas Imposedinordertoappeasethe angerofGodcausedbythesins andwickednessofthepeople.

IntheNewTestamentweread ofChrist'sfastinthedesert.He abstainedfromallfoodinreparationtoGodforthesinsof mankind,andasanexamplefor ustofollow.Inimitationof Christ,His practisedfollowershavealways fastandabstinence, notonlyinaspiritofpenance, butasSt.Paul,whenwriting totheCorinthians,saysasa necessity,"foreveryonestriving togainmastery."Satisfaction forsinisamatterofprimary importanceinthemoralorder; asabstinencecontributesn smallsharetothisend,theob sea-stanceofthelawsregardin thismatterarebindinginconscience,or,aswesay,bindir. underpainofsinunlesstheper sonislegitimatelyexcusedfo onereasonoranother.

Well,"Fishy,"Iamsorrythaallthisseemssillytoyou;tha theneedwhichmenofeveryag havefeltofmakingsatisfactio toGodfortheinsultsoffered Him,shouldappeartoyoutob silly.However,Ithinktha youwerejusttryingtobefunn atourexpensewhenyousug gestedthattheonlymotiveCa tholicshaveforabstainingfrill tseatonFridayswastopro,ici amarketforthefishtheApo tiescaught.Iamafraidtha thesepoormendidnothavever muchtimeforfishingafterth Ascension.

Averyinterestinglittlepoin whichisworthmentioning,nos thatweareonthesubjecto fish,isthis:QueenElizabetho Englandmadealawobliginghe subjectstoeatfishtwodays week,andthiswasnotwithth objectofdoinggoodtoth.i souls,butrathertohelpthefish ingindustry,whichatthetim wasinaverybadway.Thu doesnotseemsillytome,thoug itmusthavebeenabitfishyfo thepeople.

SAFETYSLOGAN. Straightthinkingwillpreve mostaccidents.

306

EntireVillageSeeksfaith

ByWILLIAMA.KASCHMITTER,M.M. (Correspondent,N.C.W.C.NewsService).

KOYTO,Japan,March24.-Whatmaywellbeone ofthemosthopefuldevelopmentsfortheCatholicChurch inJapantookplaceinthevillageofSaga,north-westof Kyoto,whenrepresentativesofeachofthevillage's570 familiesattendedMassforthefirsttimeandpromisedto studytheteachingsofChristianity.

Itallstartedsomemonthsago whenaSagafarmer,Mr.Takahashi,visitingYyoto,wasinvited byaDr.Takagi,alsoanativeof Saga,toattendalectureby Msgr.PaulFuruya,Prefect ApostolicofKyoto,beforea groupofphysicians.

SoimpressedwasMr.Takahashithathethoughtitwouldbe awonderfulthingifhiswhole villagewouldlearntopractise theChristianreligion.ReturningtoSaga,hetalkedmatters overwiththevillageelders,and

thevillagefinallyvotedtoinvitearepresentativeoftheCatholicChurchtocomeandteach themthedoctrine. Becausethevillageissitue edintheDioceseofOsaka,the peopleweretoldtoapplyto BishopTaguchiforateacher. TheBishophimselfdecidedto saythefirstMassandpreach thefirstsermon.Thevillage elders,realisingthatnoteveryonecouldgetintothebuilcs'ng, arrangedtohaveatleastonerepresentativefromeachfamily

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present.Otherscame,however, makingatotalof800personsat theMass,amongthemtherepresentativesofthreenewspapersarmedwithcameras. BishopTaguchi'ssermonwas followedbyabriefaddressgivenbythenewly-appointedpastor,FatherItakura. Thevillagehaspromisedto placeahallatthedisposalof thepastorandtobuildachurch later.

NewBishops ForChina

BishopAsksFor QuidProQuo

AMMAN, Trans-Jordan, March25-(Radio,NC).-After visitingBeyrouth,Baalbek,and bamascus,BishopLouisKerkhofs,ofLiege,Belgium,hasproceededtoPalestine,where,itis learned,hewillseekJewishconsentforthereturnofArabrefugeestotheirhomesinreturn forhisservicesinthesavingor manyJewsfromtheNiziato BelgiumduringthelastWorld War, Earlier,onhisarrivalinAmman,BishopKerkhofswasdecoratedbyKingAbdullahttith theTrans-JordanStarofthe FirstClass,inrecognitionfor BelgianreliefinGalilee.He thankedKingAbdullahonbehalfoftheBelgianGovernment forhisaidtotheBelgianrelief mission.TheKingalsodecoratedmembersoftheprelate'ssuite, AcustomofOrthodoxRussianswastogoinprocessionto theircemeteriesonthesecond SundayafterEasterandplace Eastereggsonthegraves.

NANKING,March26-(NC). -Theruggedterritory*ofWest. ernYunnan,crossedcountless timesduringthewarbyAmericanairmenflyingoverthe Hump,hasbeenraisedtothe statusofadiocese.Named afterTab,itsprincipaltown,the newdioceseincludednearlyhall ofYunnanprovince,wanthe Burmaborderforitswestern limits.TheMostRev.Lucien Lacostehasbeennamedfirst BishopofTali.Aboutone-fifthofthe7,000,000populationofTalidiocese areLobos,aboriginaltribesmen distinctfromtheChinese.ThousandsoftheLahutribe,mountain-dwellers,whotakereadily toChristianity,arereportedto beunderinstruction.

TheMostRev.JosephMaggi, oftheMilanForeignMissions, hasbeenconsecratedasfirst Bishopofthenewly-createdDioceseofHanchung.'thediocese, insouthernShensiprovince,has 18,000Catholicsinatotalpopulationof1,500,003.

BishopMaggi,51yearsold, andinChinafor27years,isa nativeofthedioceseofBergamoinItaly.

SeriousJobOf GuardingPope

ROME,March22-(NC).HisEminenceAdeodatoGiovanniCardinalPiazza,Secretary oftheSacredConsistorialCongregation,whileaddressingthe PalatineHonourGuardinasermonduringtherecentPapal jubilees,wasquotedassaying thatthedutyofservinganddefendingHisHolinessPopePins XII.isaseriousoneinthese times,andadding: "Itiscertainthatthepresent persecutorsoftheChurch,who murderpriestsandputCardinalsinchains,wouldn'tstop shortofmorehorrendouscrimes againsttheverypersonofthe VicarofChristhimself."

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OxfordCatholic Undergraduates

LONDON,March25-(NC).CatholicundergraduatesatOxfordUniversitytotal508,the University'sCatholicAssociationhasannounced.Average attendanceatthespecialundergraduateMassonSundaysis 350.Theassociationisappealingforfundsfortheirnew chapel,whichwasopenedlast year.

MeetsParents OfFatimaSeers

LISBON,Mara21-(NC).-DuringthefewdaysspentIn PortugalbeforegoingtoRome foranadliminavisit,Bishop JamesAMcFadden,ofYoungstown,U.S.A.,offeredMassinthe ChapeloftheApparitionsatFatima,andspoketotheparents ofJacintaandFrancisco,two ofthechildrenwhowitnessed theFatimaapparitionsandlater died.

PakistanAdmitsAllah

KARACHI,Pakistan,March 29-(NC)).-AnacknowledgmentofthesovereigntyofGod andaguaranteethatreligious minoritiesmayfreelypractise andprofesstheirfaiths,arecontainedinaresolutioninthe ConstituentAssemblyhere.The resolutionswhichembodythese objectivesinthefutureConstitutionofPakistanwereintroducedhyPrimeMinisterLiaquatAliKhan.

"InthenameofAllah,the Beneficent,theMerciful,"theresolutionbegins:

"Whereassovereigntyoverthe entireuniversebelongstoGod Almightyalone,andtheauthoritywhichHehasdelegatedto theStateofPakistanthrough itspeople,for.beingexercised withinthelimitsprescribedby Himisasacredtrust.

"ThisConstituentAssembly, representingthepeopleofPak-

istan,resolvedtoframeaConstitutionforthesovereignindependentStateofPakistan, "Whereintheprinciplesofdemocracy,freedom,equality,toleranceandsocialjustice,asenundatedbyIslam,shallbefully observed.

"Whereinadequateprovision shallbemadefortheminorities tofreelyprofessandpractise theirreligionsanddeveloptheir cultures.

"'Whereinshallbeguaranteed fundamentalrights,including equalityofstatus,ofopportunityand,beforethelaw,social, economicandpoliticaljustice, andfreedomofthought,expression,belief,faith,worshipand association,subjecttothelaw andpublicmorality.

"Whereinadequateprovision shallbemadetosafeguardthe legitimateinterestsofminorities andthebackwardanddepressed classes. ."

CatholicPress ToMeetInRome

ByDR.FRIEDRICHFUNDER (Correspondent,N.C.W.C.News Service).

VaticanInformationService saidlaterthatthewarningcame amonggeneralremarksconcerningthepresentsituation,and werenottobeinterpretedala specificalertingofthePalatine Guardagainstanyattempton theHolyFather.

NamedHigh CourtJudge

TRIVANDRUM,Travancore, India,March24-(NC).-The formerSecretary-Generalofthe All-MalabarCatholicCongress, MatthewMuricken,hasbeenappointedajudgeoftheTravancoreHighCourt.Thenew judgeisofaSyrianCatholic family,whichhassuppliedthe Churchwithseveralpriestsand religious.

VIENNA,March18.-TheInternationalBureauofCatholic Journalists,whichmeton28th. ult.,atLucerne,Switzerland,was calledontopreparetheground foranInternationalCongressof theCatholicPresstobeheldin thesummerof1950inRome.

A.plansubmittedtotheproposed1950congressofnewspapermenfromallover:he worldcalledforthecreationof aninternationalorganisationof Catholicjournalists,which,superimposeduponthevariousnationalassociationsofthatkind, wouldpromotetheco-operation oftheCatholicpress,ofall countriesonessentialquestions ofthetimes,and,inparticular cases,co-ordinateitsefforts-A draftconstitution.fortheprospectiveinternationalorganisationhasbeenpreparedforconsiderationbytheLucerneconference,thoughthefinaldecisionwillhavetobetakenby nextyear'scongressinRome.

InthepasttheInternational BureauofCatholicJournalists hasrenderedusefulservices,but

underpresentconditionsabody comprisingonlyindividualrepresentativesoftheCatholic pressofvariouscountriescan nolongermeettherequirements. GiganticforceshavebeenmobilisedagainsttheChurch,itis pointedout,forceswhichhave notonlysuppressed,inmany countries,allfreedomofthe press,butwhicharealsointerferingmoreandmorewiththe personallibertiesoftheCatholicjournalist. Thereis,therefore,anurgent needtoclosetheranksofCa.tholicjournalismandforthe establishmentofaworldorganisationforcommondefence, whichcanbeobtainedonlyby theparticipationofallactive journalistsofCatholicconvicticins.ThedeliberationsoftheLucerneconferencewillprobably hefollowedbyapublicdeclarationunderthemotto,"Freedom ofthePress."Recentevents werediscussedwithreference'o thatmotto,andanappealwill headdressedtotheCatholic sorld,stressingitsduty,inthis hourofdanger,toassisttheCatholicpressinthefulfilmentof amomentoustask.