The Record Newspaper 19 September 1945

90 Per Cent of Flemings Are For Parties of Left ,Aim to Precipitate Political Crisis Disruptive Minority Fears Election or Referendum

tFrom aCorrespondent Lately in Brussels.)

It is impossible not to sense acer. tain unreality or, at least, artificiality in the violent war of newspaper headlines and political orations with which the Belgian people have been afflicted on the subjectof KingLeopold's intention to return to his duties. The trams, packed with busy shoppers, workers and British soldiers, clang as usual through the cobbled streets of Brussels. Everyone seemstobe going about his businessas usual in the bril. liant sunlight: there has been no vestige of street demonstrations. How to get enough food for the family to eat "convenablement" continues to be the absorbing interestof the housewife. In the Flemish countryside, through which Ihave been cycling and travelling by "vicinal," the splendid crops of grain and the neat rows of vegetables in the patch-work quilt of little fields delight the eye. Here, too, everyone is at work, many of them weeding on and,and knees. Yet we are told by "Le I)rapeaut Rouge" that the vast majority of the people demand the abdication of the King, "IIitler's accomplice," that "he is trying to impose himself by a "coup de force," with the helpof the neo-fascists;" and that"the labouring masses will carry out in a solid bloc the orders for a general strike." Iwonder.

One thingiscertain, and that is that the Flemings now form asubstantial majority of the Belgians and that, to judge not only from the Flemish Press and reports from all partsof the Flemish provinces, but from the evidence of one's eyes and ears, 00 per cent. of therm are for the King. So, too, of course, are the much abused "bourgeotsie' and "petit-bourgeoisie" of the capital, other than the small and vocal number who hold office in the Socialist or Liberal parties,and, byallaccounts, agoodly proportion oftheCatholics of the Walloon provinces. A friend of mine wassurprised at thelarge number of portraits of King Leopold which he found displayed in the windows of houses in Liege, supposedly one of

the main centres of disaffection. In Bruges, where Ispent aweek-end in aworking-class suburb, this window display was averitable plebiscite: in the poorest streets it.was difficult to find acottage window in which there was not the familiar portrait with the legend "Wij einschen de Koning terug1 "—"We want the King back1"

It would be amistake, however, to assert that the goodpeopleof Flanders areabsorbedwiththe crisisofthemonarchv to the exclusion of other interests. They are adiligent, undemonstrative lot, heartily tired, as Ibelieve are most of their French-speaking compatriots also, of civil strife, politics and crises: they are just pulling through, after all the trials of the war and aterrible winter, toastateof reasonable prosperity and employment, and they do not want to be disturbed. Loyalty to the King has been with them, as it is with Englishmen, more ahabit than an enthusiasm, and they can hardly bring themselves to believe that those crazy politicians in BrustcN really mean to prevent the King's return, or can succeed in driving him from the throne. Some are beginning to get thoroughly tired of the whole business; and that is what the Communist and Socialist leadershave most tofear. For itis they whohave gone out of their wav to create the crisis; it is they who have opened the offensive against the accepted order of things: it is they (as they admit themselves) who are deliberately wrecking the slow economic recovery of the cnuntry for political ends, against the -interests of the very popular British Army, whose lines of communication pass through Belgium and who provide profitable employment for 100,000 men and women. It is against them, therefore, that the weary anger of all the orderly and hard-working elements of the people is gradually turning.

Meanwhile the return of the deport. ed workers and political prisoners from Germany has taken first place in the conversation of most people during the Inst few weeks, M Van Zeeland, the iligh rommisioner for Repatriation, and his staff, have worked wonders in

getting home practically all the survivor< of the 220,(W Belgians whom the enemy had removed, except about atenth of them, who remain in Russian hands. The haggard appearance of the political prisoners and their accounts of the incredible cruelties of the concentration camps have.horrified their families and friends. A cousin of my hostess in Brussels learnt, ten days ago, of the death of three of her four sons in captivity. Every day brings the black-bordered "lettres de faire part;" day after day the sad Requiem :Masses have succeeded one another in the parish churches. Iwas present at an intensely moving ceremony at Bruges, when the whole parish turned out to welcome the return. ed prisoners, and -

to conduct them, attended by solemn little girls with bas. kets of flowers, to the door of the church, where the "Mijnbeer Pastoor" and his curates came forward in their vestments to embrace them and lead them in to High Mass. Thereafter loud speakers rent the air with what, Isuppose, was music; there wasmuch drinking and merriment in all the cafes, and we ended the day with a perspiring "cortege" all round the suburb, led by the brass band from —

the local factory, the heroes of the occa. -ion being carried in three old "fiacres" bedecked with greenery.

Butin theacute political crisiswhich the Parties of the Left have precipitat\cd by their demand for the King's abdication, thelast people who are likely to be able to have anv say in the mat. ter are the ordinary citizens of Bel-

the King

glum. The party caucuses of the Communist and Socialist Parties in the rump of a Parliament elected before the war, when, of course, nobody thought of attacking the monarch, have forced the pace,andthe majority of the Liberal executive committee have joined them. It ishighly doubtful how many of the local sections of the Socialist Party in Flanders support the reckless decision of their leaders. The Catholic Partypoliticians, no very brilliant team, divided by the old feud between the adherents of the Belgian Government in London and the ma• jority who remained with the King in Belgium, are only imperfectly in touch with the vigorous new Catholic life which the moral andmaterialhardshipsof the warhave produced.* It is however, they and their press, notably "Le Quotidien" and "La Libre Belgique," that are most vocal in defending the democratic principle and insisting that the peope should be consulted in sograve an issue; but thatis precisely what the King's enemies seem mcst anxious to avoid. Oneargument, seriously repeated to me by an En,lsn diplomatic official,isthatinanelection or referendum "all the fascists" would rally to the King's side; and, of course. all but the manual workers (of whom 54,00(1volunteered early in the war to work in Germany) are "fascists,'' if they carried on with their duties or their businesses. Another argument is that the electoral registers are out of date. The main Catholic objection to these registers is that all the women of Belgium are excluded from voting. But if ageneral consultation of the whole people were really desired, it would be perfectly easy to use the ration cards of all men and women over twenty-One, as the basisof apoll.

But, according to M. Paul Struve, the distinguished lawyer,who isalegder-writer in "La Libre Belgique," "to enable the people to judge the issue fairly and express their opinion is exactly what the'Government'does not want." Ile writes:

"It is in advance of any normal expression of the national will that they want to force the King to abdicate. Thus the country would be confronted with a "fait accompli." Irresponsible elements, representing by all appearances only asmall minority, would have substituted their own dictatorship for the will of the country. Are not such tactics the characteristics of the vCry regime which patriots of all parties have been fightingso vigorously during four years of oppression>" That is avery moderate expression of an opinion which Ihave encountered' in numberless conversations.

(Continued on Page 4.)

RING LEOPOLD.

'God Forgives Sin Because oJ.the Priest's -

Absolution . .

WhyGo to ConfessionWhen Perfect ContritionWill Suffice?

Moral Certaintyof Pardon in the Sacrament of Penance

TrueSorrowRequires Reparationfor Evil.

Iwas speaking about the Sacrament of Penance, aboutgoing to Confession, last week, and Iremarked that there were four principal parts to this Sacrament: Confession, Sorrow or Contrition, Absolution, and Satisfaction. I dealt atalengthwhichmayhavebeen boring to many of you upon the first part, Confession,explainingwhatwould .have to be confessed and rwhat would not. Ialso spoke of Sorrow or Contrition, showing that it was the heart and souloftheSacrament; thatitwas absolutely indispensable, so essential, that even though, under exceptional circumstances, the confession of one's sins might be dispensed with, even though one might not have time to doanypenancesafterwards, contrition, real sorrow, was the one indispensable means of obtaining God's forgiveness for our sins.

Thethirdpartof-thisSacramentand thesecondmostimportantis theAbsolution of the priest. It is second in importancetosorrowbecause,whileby being truly sorry it is possible to obtain the forgiveness of our sins, even though we are unable to go to confession to apriest, the Absolution given by the priest, although in normal cir. cumstances essential, is, nevertheless, absolutely worthless if the penitent is not sorry—in fact it could do the sinner positive harm ifhe were knowinglymakingnmockeryoftheSacrament.

WhatdoCatholicsbelieve as regards apriest forgivingthem their sins? We believe that consequent on Our Lord's wordstotheApostles,"Whosesinsyou

shall forgive they are forgiven them, and whose sins you shall retain they are retained," all validly ordained and lawfully appointed priests have the powergiventhembyGod,throughthe imposition of the Bishop's hands at ordination, to forgive in the name of Christ the sins of those peoplq, who with sorrow make them knownto the priest. What we believe is clear enoughfromthewordswhichthepriest useswhilegivingabsolution:"MayOur LordJesusChristabsolvethee and by His authority I absolve thee from everybond of excommunication or interdict inasfar as Iam able and as much as thou needest, and now Iab. solve thee from thy sins, in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost. Amen." Does the priestforgivethe sinsordoesGod forgivethem? BothGod andthepriest, and God forgives the sins because the priest forgives them; or should Isay rather that God has forgiven them when the priest has pronounced abso. lution on the contrite penitent. The priestisan instrumentofGod'smercy. Does the sculptor or-the chisel carve the statue? Is it not perfectly true to say that the chisel does the work although, naturally, the sculptoris the prime agent? The priest, however, is morethanablindinstrument, heis an intelligent agent, like adeputy manager of afirm who, although he man. ages things with the authority of the owner,nevertheless preciselybecauseof that authority he has the power to make decisions and give judgments

which the owner will uphold because he delegated to his manager his own authority.

There is just one other point to make clear while we are on the sub. ject of apriest giving absolution in confession. Many have asked and stillask whatisthe necessityof going to confessionand receiving forgiveness fromthepriestwhen,asIhavealready inferred, aperson can be forgiven his sinsby beingtruly sorry evenwithout goingtoconfession?

There are tworeasons forthis. First, the true, perfect and complete sorrow, whichalone canjustify amanwithout. the Sacrament of Penance, is not so easytoarouse,especiallyforthosewho lead alife of considerable worldliness. Theabsolutionofapriestin theSacrament will suffice for real forgiveness even though some of the qualities of perfect sorrow are absent from the contrition of the penitent. Secondly, ChristsaidtoHisApostlesandtotheir successors that He would forgive the sins whichtheyforgaveand would not forgivethesins for which they refused absolution. This means that, in ordinary circumstances, those for whom theuseoftheSacrament of Confession is available cannot receive forgiveness of their sins, however sorry they are, unless theyatleasthave-the intention of confessing them

as soon as is reasonably possible. It may be added that, however sorry aperson may be, he cannotbe certain that hissorrowis perfect sorrow, although he is certain that he is sorry: by receiving the obsolution of the priest in the proper manner, he is morally certain that his sinsare forgiven; this certainty,tothe great disturbance of his conscience, he could nothave without the Sacrament of Penance which Christ so mercifully instituted.

The last part of the Sacrament is Satisfaction.'Beforegivingabsolution thepriest requiresfrom the penitent a promisethathewillperformsomegood worksin reparation for the evil which he did by sin. In the case of lesser faultsonly having been confessed, this satisfaction or penance, as it is called, isgenerallysome small act ofdevotion or acertain number of prayers which the penitentundertakes tosay assoon aspossible. In the case of moreserious sins, amore onerous penance will be applied, like some fasting or some external good work, or the giving of alms for the helpof the poor. Pub' lie penancesare no longer the practice in the Church, except perhaps for some extraordinary and public crime, since these serious public crimes are usually,in civilised countries at least, sufficiently expiated by the punish• meritsofthecivilcourts. Inthepast, however,when civil authority wasless and many personsof high degreewere outsideitsscope,publicpenanceswere frequent and very salutary for public morals. (A re-introduction of them wouldprobablydoalotofgoodto-day, too.) Aking or abaron, for example, may have(and often had) committed aseriouscrimeofmurderorinjustice which noauthorityexcept that oftheChurchwasin apositiontopunish. Public penances such as pilgrimageson foot tothe Holv Land,endow. mentsofhospitalsorschools,andeven

physicalpenances'✓ere imposedas,for example;the public whipping of King HenryII.ofEnglandforthemurderof the Archbishop of Canterbury, St. Thomas 'aBecket. Thesincereintention of fulfilling the penance imposed by the priest is necessary for theSacramentas,otherwise, thesorrowofthe penitentcan hardlybe considered to havebeenheartfelt.

"Ines,"Perth:

Iknowthatyouconsider no marriage ceremonylegalexcepting thatofthe Catholic Church.

A.: I'm afraid that what you know of thismatteriscompletely wrong. As hasbeenstateddozens oftimesbefore, the Church presumes to legislate in mattersofmarriageonlyforCatholics, and She declaresthat no Catholic can contract marriage validly outside the Catholic Church. Have Imade myself clear? No Catholic can contract marriage validly in the eyes of the Church except according to the rules oftheCatholicChurch. Sheexpressly statesthatshe isnotmakingmarriage laws for non-Catholics. They canget married when and how they like. If their marriagesare consideredlegalby the authorities, then will She consider them both legal and valid. But stillIamnot clear on onepoint (you goon). What is theposition ofaCatholicwho marries aProtestantinanonCatholicChurch? Is he or she still recognised as amember of the R.O.Church?

A.:-ACatholic who attempts marriage in anon-Catholic Church is excommunicated and, although he remains aCatholic and still retains the obligationsofaCatholic:,he isdeprived of all benefitsandadvantages untilhe repents and is absolved from the censure of excommunication.

You continue: Youtalkedabout the seal of the confessional; don't you thinkitisaterribleinstitution,when it'wouldallowaninnocentpersonto die,becauseofits secrecy? Yousay thatacriminalwouldn'tconfess;but Isayhewould,beingindeadlyfear, andwouldconfesstoget forgiveness, as is practised in your Church. I think that confessing to God directlyis better, with all due respectsto yourbeliefs.

A.: Apparently, you have in mind the imaginary case of aman having

WANTED TOBUT: Stoves, Wood,Gas:PlainandOldRoofIron,Coppers. Beaters.Best Prices. RingBOW.

baptisingaChildwithouttheParents'Knowledge

... ConditionsNecessaryforBaptismofAdultNon-Catholic; Is There Reason to Believe the End oftheWorld is Near?

Secrecyof the Confessional and aHypothetical Murder

committedamurderforwhichanother wasconvictedandwastobepunished. Therealmurdererconfesseshissintoa prest,who,because ofthe seal of Confession, is unable to report the matter andso the innocent man is hanged. 1'ou think that confessing the matter toGoddirectlywouldbe better.Why?

Would God report the case to the appropriate authorities so that the innocent man would be saved? In any case, itwould be quiteuselessconfessing thesineithertoGoddirectlyorto apriest in Confession unless he who confesses were sorry for his sin, and bow couldhe besorry unless he were willing to right the frightful wrong that he was doing in permitting another tosufferdeathinhisstead? The priest certainly would not, and could not, givethemanabsolution unlesshe promisedtosavetheinnocentman,and if-the real murderer were not to get absolution,whatwould be the good of confessing to apriest? He wouldbe indeadlyfear,yousay,andwouldconfess to get.forgiveness. But since he couldnotbe forgiveneitherbyGod or man unless he saves the innocent party,howandwhy wouldhecome to Confession unless he were prepared to rightthewrong?

Inthe extremely improbable case of his confessing his crime to the priest, and then doing nothing for his unfortunate scapegoat, things would be no worse than if the criminal had been a Protestant. AProtestant would either goandgivehimselfuphonestlyorelse lettheothermanhang. TheCatholic wouldeithergoandgivehimselfup,or simply let the fellow hang or'go and confessittoapriest. Thepriestwould urgehim togoand clear his victim, tellinghimthathewould certainlynot receive forgiveness unless he did. In thecaseoftheProtestant,thereisone chance in two that the innocent man will be saved in the second case, with theCatholic,there aretwochancesout ofthree.

:A",";ow, finally,amanonlycomesto Confession because he knows that the priesttwouldratherdiethandeliberateivbetravaconfidenceheard inConfession. Soifthecriminalintheimaginarycaseunderournoticehad theleast suspicion that he might be betrayed, he would not confess and everything would he"as you were."

The Sacrament of Confession would bequiteuseless from apractical point ofview, no one would use it, if they were not sore that their confidence would berespected,and Christ'sdesign wouldbefrustrated. Acasesimilarto that whichyoubringup isjustbarely possible and could perhaps occur once inahundred years. Thedisadvantage in this one case isoutweighed athousand foldby the immense benefits to mankind that generally and normally accrue from theuse of thisSacrament.

F.M.,Mt.Barker:

Q.: rm hereby enclosing acopy of a printedcircular which Irecently received from afriend who resides in Melbourne. What's the motive? Answerplease.

A.; This correspondent encloses a copy of an article purporting to have been printed in the Melbourne weekly paper,"The Tribune." It is simply another variation of the old chain-letter form ofsectarian attack on Catholics and their Church. These letters andspuriouspressarticles,representing

tobe forcirculationstrictlyamongCatholics, andwhichareintendedtoCon— vey the impression that Catholics are conducting asecret drive against Protestants in public positions, are now a familiar weapon of the cowardly and malicious bigot, yet new versions of these letters and faked press-cuttings are continually and, apparently,"accidentally" finding their way into Protestant hands.

Stich chain-lettersandarticlesare,of course, not of Catholic origin at all. They are just crude sectarian attacks manufacturednotforcirculationamong Catholics, but for distribution among non-Catholics. Toany intelligent person-they contain their own refutation, they are generally illiterate, and, in many cases,do not even make sense. Needlessto -

say,theallegedarticlesent you from Melbourneis acompletefabrication, and has never appeared in "The Tribune," but was quoted in anotherCatholicweekly,"TheAdvocate," as"aprimeexampleofthissort ofsectarian nonsense."

Inquirer,Perth:

Q.: Could aCatholic nurse employed inthe nurseryofanon-Catholic hospital baptise non-Catholic infants whoaresuretodie,withouttheprevious consent or knowledge of their parents?

A.: Canon750and751oftheCodeof Canon Law state that the children of allnon-Catholicswhentheyareindangerofdeathanditisprudentlyexpected that they will die before reaching theageofreason,maylawfullybebaptised even without the knowledge of theirparents,becausesodoingisareal act of true Christian charity. Catholics believe that an unbaptised child, eventhough itwillnotgotoHell,will neverthelessbeunabletogotoHeaven. To depriveachildofsuchabenefit, a benefitforthepurchaseofwhichJesus Christ came into this,world and died forus,wouldbecruelandun-Christian. The attitude of reasonable non-Catholics could scarcely be one of violent opposition. The non-Catholic parents are either good Christians, admitting thevalue and necessityofbaptism—in which casetheywillbeeternallygrateful to the zealous and kind-hearted nurse—or else they will be unbelievers who will repudiate the idea that the pouring of alittle water upon their dying child will effect its eternal welfare onewayoranother. Theymight feel it

little sorry for the nurse who, according to them, is so steeped in mediaevalsuperstitionastothink that Christian Baptism can possibly have any valuable effects, but surely they couldnotlieanythingbuttolerant and grateful to thenursefordoingwhat,in thenurse'sbelief,wouldgreatlybentfit the child—and certainly could not do it any harm.

Theattitudeofstupid and unreasonablepeoplecannever'be takeninto account and, as inallothermatters, can andshould be disregarded.

family really has aothiaj whatsoever to db with it, but the attitude of the dying patient has. Canon 752 says thatadultsmustnotbebaptisedwithout their knowledge or consent, and after they have been sufficiently instructed in the mysteries of the faith, andhavebeenexhortedtobesorryfor theirsins. Indangerofdeath,ifthey cannot befullyinstructed in the principalmysteriesof theFaith, it suffices for their baptism that they manifest in some way that they consent to it and seriously promise tokeepthe precepts of theChristian religion. Canon 752goes on to saythatifthey cannot ask for baptism, for example, if they are unconscious, but either before or whileintheirpresentstate,signifiedin some probable manner their intention ofreceivingbaptism,theymaybebaptised conditionally. The condition would be:"If you have the intention to receive baptism, Ibaptise you in the nameofthe FatherandoftheSon and ofthe HolyGhost.

Consequently, the casegiven by our correspondent is: Could or should she haptiseanunconsciousnon-Catholicpatientwhoisdying? Theansweris: It isunlawful,evenconditionally,tobaptise such persons unless it is at least probable that they have never been validlybaptisedbeforeandunlessthey have in some way manifested their intention of receiving it. In all other cases the attendant can do his or her dutybyhelpingthepatienttobetruly sorry for the sins of his whole life. By,

slowlyand carefullymakinganact ofsorrowforthe dyingmanitisquite likelythathissensesmaybesufficien4lv alert to realise what is going on. God's grace, which will certainly be most abundant at the approach of death,willdotherestandthesalvation of the patient may in thiswaybe obtained.

M.O'Brien, Hollywood:

Q.: DidPeter or ChristJesus mention Purgatoryintheirteaching?Ifso,in what chapteroftheBibleisit tobe found?

A.:NoexplicitmentionofPurgatory is found in any ofthe fourGospels or in the Epistles of St.-Peter. You surelydonot think that weare afraid tomention such afactaloud,do you? and that the belief of Catholicsin the truthandexistenceofPurgatorywould immediately begin to weaken if they should hear from some well-meaning Protestant'friend that there was no ScripturalreferencetoPurgatory?Doctrines ofthe CatholicFaitharenot so delicatelyandflimsilyconstructedthat thefirstblastofheresyispronetoscatter them. The whole history of the last1945yearshasseenasuccessionof sects opposing the teaching of the Churchof Rome. iOfthosesectsmost havedied,somearedying,andtherest willdie,buttherearenosignsofstructural weaknessordecay in theChurch from which they broke off.

Catholic believe in Purgatory becausetheChurchwhichChristfounded teaches it: aChurchwhichChrist pro mised would never fail and would never stray from the narrow path of His teaching. The fact that adoctrine is not explicitlycontained in the Holy Scriptures does not necessarily meanvery much. St.JohntheApostle and Evangelist says quite clearly that there are many savings and acts of Our Lord which have not been re. corded in the written accounts of His life.

Q.: Should she(the nurse) baptise conditionally adult Protestants patientswhoareunconscious? Itisa fearful thing to see apatient dying without awordofprayerfrom their ministerorfamily. Ifsheaskedthe familyaboutittheymightresenther interest.

A.: The matter now concerns dying non-Catholic adults, which is quite anotherquestion. Theattitudeof the

Q.: Do you believe Abraham, Isaac, andJacob arecomingbackfromthe deadtoberulingprincesintheearth, along with ancient P (parties or prophets or patriarch— cannot deciphertheword) mentionedinthe 11th. chapter of Hebrews?

A.: No, Icertainly do not believe that the Patriarchs mentioned in the 11th. chapter of St. Paul's Epistle to thellebrewsarecomingbackfromthe dyad tobe ruling princes in the earth,

andIdon'tsee how you canforcethis interpretation from that chapter. The whole fortyversesarededicatedbySt. Paul to aglorification of thevirtue of faithwhichwassonoticeablyoutetand• ing in thelivesof these great men of old. Noah, who by his faith saved hisfamily,andwithitthehumanrace, at the timeof the flood. Abraham, whowouldhavesacrificedhisownonly sonifGodhadwishedit,stillhadfaith in the promise of God that his de• scendants wouldbe asthesandonthe sea-shore. So with Jacob and Moses and David, the king, and countless others who,by their great faith,made itpossibleforthedesignofGodforthe salvation of the world slowly to develop. Such faith'istobqseennowadays, says St. Paul, in the thousands ofpeoplewho,becauseoftheirfaithin Christ, towardswhom the faith of the ancients was directed, are capable of sufferinguntold torments atthehands of their persecutors. The Patriarchs andProphetsbelievedinHimwhowas to come, whom they knew not; we havefaithinHimwhohascomeandis the fulfilment of the promise. This chapterelevenisoneofthemostbeautiful in the writings of St. Paul, and while it saysnothing about Abraham, Isaac and Jacob returning to the world to rule aiprinces,it doesinfer that they,at the last day, will be sittingin judgment upon uswho, having had somuchmore grace and so many moreopportunities,have,inmostcases, noteven approachedthegreatfaithof the Saintsof theOld Testament.

Q.:noyouthinkthatthepresentsigns ofthetimespointtothenearnessof Armageddon? ,

A.: Your pre-occupationsseem tobe predominantly eschatological, but I think that,for the present,you need havenofearsthattheendoftheworld and theGeneralJudgmentareclose at hand. Our Lord'sown prohecies regarding the Last Day are particularly clear ,andthough the part referringto tremendous warsbetween the nations could have had its fulfilment lately, therearemanyothersignsin the sun, moon and stars,with accompanying earthquakes and disturbances, which OurLord hastold us will precede the second coming of the Son of Man for the judgment ofall mankind.

Personally,Ican never understand why peopleworry so much about the end of theavorld when theirown personal end issocertain an eventinthe souncertainfuture. It isforourown death that we should try to prepare ourselves ,since at any time, by accident or through disease,we may be thrown suddenly and perhaps unpreparedly before the Judgment Seat of Christ. Ifwe are unprepared forour own personal passing from this world, then the Last Day, or the General Judgment,orAmageddon,or whatever youcaretocallit, willhaveaddedter• rors forits. Tf,on theotherhand,we live as decent aChristian life as we can, according to our lights, ourFaith assures us and our hope reassures us, that the Love ofGod, HisGrace, will not be wanting to us at the hour of our death. After aChristian death even Armageddon will have no terrors forus.

LiberalandThankful,VictoriaPark: Encloses anewspaper cutting and asks ustoexplain it. This is whatis printedonthecutting:"ThePopegave thanks

toGod that -the warwas end. ed, and expressed the hope that the cessation of hostilities would bring to an end 'every ambition of the strong, every oppression of the weak.' His Holiness spoke of the solidarity between theRoman CatholicChurch and Labour,especially in America, Canada and Britain.

A.: As Iinterpret the brief report, and Iknownothingof the speech,sermon or context from whichitwas extracted. His Holiness is thankful that peacehas returned onceagain andsin-

Communists. and Socialists Exploit Discontent Over Low Wages

Christian Trade Unions Oppose General Strike

Evidences of an_Attack Upon Monarchy as an Institution

Russia's Hand Seen in Agitation Since 1942

(Continued from Front Cover.)

Whence, then, comes the strength of the opposing side? It lies mainly in the fact that it is able to dispose of two kinds of high explosive. One is the deep andgenuine discontentof the miners, the salariedworkers and those •in the heavy industries, at their low wages compared with the cost of living(the former are 175 per cent., the latter 250 per cent., compared with the 1940 index of 100 per cent.) The other is the neurptic state of mind in Wallonia, devastated by the Rundstedt offensive. The Walloons are wak. ing up to the fact that they are now greatly outnumbered by the Flemings, with their large families, and outpaced by them in publiclife,sinceanyintelligent Fleming easily learns French, thus acquiring the necessary bilingual qualification, whereas hardly any Walloon troubles to learn Flemish. Thus the Walloons have developed aserious inferiority complex; and they-

have become easy game for the separatist propaganda which some of General de Gaulle's underlings have been blatantly encouraging (and, many assert, payingfor) duringrecent months, as a corollary of his ill-advised claim for the whole of the left bank of the Rhine. This, combined with the fact that the main centres of Socialist and Communist activity—the Mons, Char leroi and Liege coal-fields—are also ill the French-speaking areas, gives age7graphical character to the controversy which has been stirred up about the kingship. The King's second marriage, with Mlle Baels, which reduced his personal popularity throughout the country, wasmore sharply criticised to Wallonia than in Flanders, for she is of Flemish origin, ()f these two discontents the labour unrest is the more serious. It is honed that in the event of serious trouble the Christian Trade Unions, who number 300,000 members as against 450,0011 of the combined Social. 1st and Communist svndicates, will be able to keep the ports Open fdr the British. The Christian Unions also

are dissatisfied with the wage situation, but are loyal to the King, and have declared against ageneral strike for political purposes. They are, however,weak in the Borinage and Liege coal-fields, though fairly well represented in the Campine. The Communists have made considerable progress, especially among the miners, and the Socialist Trade Union leaders seem to be losing their grip. Though participating in the Van Acker Government, the Communists have followed their usual tactics of inflaming the workers to protest against that Government's courageous decision to prohibit strikes and peg wages for three months while bringing down the cost of food. They have very largely succeeded. Thus they can hold apistol at thehead oftheKingandthe nation by threatening to stop the production ofcoal,upon which the whole prospect of restarting the textile and other industries, producing the much-needed consumer goods, necessarily depends, as well as the possibility of household fuel before next winter.

Ihavefound little dispositionamong the better-informed Catholics, clergy and laymen, to idealise King Leopold personally. He has not the warmth of character of his father, his obstinacy has in the past alienated several nnt'tical personages unnecessarily, and it is commonly said that he has been "coal cntoure."

Yet for all this he has avery good record of conscientious service to the nation. His decision to remain apri. sonerwith hispeople,and the constant efforts nrhich he made by way of protest or intereessinn(as did his sister, the Princess of Piedmont), to ease the lot of those deported or otherwise ill. treated by the occupying Power, created afund of gratitude to him which none of the muck-raking of the revnhttionary Press has substantially r ,

•dueed. Still, there are Catholics, and net only those of the Left, representedin thenew anduntimely"Union i,emocratique Belge," who, putting what they believe to be the good of the nation in the crisis which hasbeen

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precipitated before their natural senti. ments,wouldacceptabdication if they thought that they could count on the loyaltyoftheSocialistsandLiberalsin maintaining the constitutional Monarchy. Unfortunately they cannot. The caseagainst the Kingproducedby "Le Drapeau Rouge" and "Le Populaire" consists only of"revelations" of one or two unimpressive letters of members of the Palace staff, which, as M. Fredericq, the King's Principal Pri. vate Secretary,pointed out recently, do not in the least engage His Ala. jesty's authority. It is, as all admit, aweak case,however much it is eked out with uncharitable insinuation and vulgar abuse. Hence the inevitable conclusion that whatisreallybeingattacked is the institution of monarchy itself: having disposed of astrong. minded King,the coast will be clear, with aboyoffifteen onthethroneand (a's the Socialists believe) acompliant Regent, to prepare the next step to wards aRepublic. 1

This conviction of the real motives at work, though denied to me by one of the Socialist Ministers, whogive me the impression of being more pushed than pulling, is strengthened by con. siderations of geography and history. Historically, the whole agitation against monarchy in Europe was started as one of the stock lines of Soviet propaganda, and consequently Communist activity,asearly as 1942. It has been plugged incessantly ever since. The "Daily Worker" and "Soviet News" "started in" on King Leopold long before the Allied invasion ofEurope, and Belgians who are internationally-conscions see the campaign,,which in fact was initiated in their country by hhe Belgian Communist Party and by no one else, as part of asingle plan. That plan has so far succeeded in excluding the King of Greece and reducing the King of Yugoslavia to impotence, while, asopportunity offers, itseeks to weaken the position of the other sovereigns. Queen Wilhelmina is attacked for leaving her country during the war,just as Leopold isattacked for remaining in his: any stick, they say, is good enough to heat the royal dog.

Geographically, one feels very much nearer to the great mass of Sovietcontrolled Europe and Asia when one is on the Continent than one does the other sine of the Channel. Belgian prisoners and people ofother Christian nations escaping from the Russians reach Belgium and France with very disturbing stories, and the few Russian officers attached to the Missign in Brussels are flagrantly indiscreet in private conversations, in their references to the"overthrow of the regime" as aforegone conclusion. Here is the u '

cw dominating military power of the tonliuent, apower as uncongenial in its totalitarian and revolutionary character to aChristian and liberty-loving people as was Nazi Germany; and it has adefinite policy which, so far, it has relentlessly pursued. It is quite simply, in the eyes of many Belgians and Frenchmen with whom I have talked during the last threeweeks, the policyof"divide et impera" applied to each country on the periphery of the Sovietmassinternally, and to Western Europe as anehole.

Looking round for support against this octopus, the Belgianssee only the Americans, apparently actuated alternately by naivete and opportunism, and the British, hovering between rip. peasement and occasional little spurts of independence. General de Gaulle, exasperated with London, is seen to be trying to play off the Russians against the British, as well as pursuing his own ambitions, inimical to Belgianunity,along the Rhine. The Belgian defenders of constitutional liber. ties and Christian ideals are therefore painfully conscious of the threatening international weather in which they fight their battle. The Russian Fifth Column in their midst has alreadv wonthefirst round; forithas succeeded. by exacerbatingexistingsocial and

racial differences, in dividing the country very dangerously. But the majority of the Belgians, profoundly attached to the tradition of Western Christianity and to theirpersonal freedam, thrifty, orderlyand hard-working, have along history of successful resistance to foreign tyranny and, once they are thoroughly roused,they will, Ibelieve,put upagreat fight. King Leopold,whateverhispersonal defects, is the symbol of embodiment of national unityandliberty: that is whyI can see no probability of compromise. Even if the menace of revolution, so recklessly thrown out by the Left in theirdesperateattempt toprevent the King'sreturnandtheoutburstofpopular enthusiasmwhich they rightly fear it would provoke in iBrussels, succeed with the tacit support of the Western Allies in forcing his abdication, the battle to save the monarchy will continue with greater intensity, but in less favourable circumstances under theRegency. Averybraveandkindly people has deservedabetter fate.

(* Thepre-warChamber of Deputies contained 73 of the Catholic Party, 17 Flemish Nationalists and 4Rexists; 64 Socialists, 33 Liberals and 9Communists. To-day those who voted for the Flemish Nationalist and Resist deputies.who have betrayed their country are thoroughly disillusioned and would almost certainly vote Catholic; and thephenomenalincreaseinthe number of parents who are now sending their children to the Church schools in preferencetothelayStateschools iscited as indicative of aprobableshifting of loyalties away from the Socialist and Liberal parties to the Church. This is whyCatholicobserversbelieve thatCatholic representationinanewly elected Chamber would be greatly increased, though under Proportional Representation the Catholics would not have a clear majority unless women were granted the vote. The Socialists would probably lose heavily tothe Communistst.—'The Tablet"

THE CATHOLIC ANSWER

(Continued from Page 3.)

cerely hones that the cause of future wars—ambitions of the strong and victorious nations and injustice to the wreaker nations—will not reman to vitiate the cessation ofactu:fl fighting. It wouldbe but asmall mercy indeedfor the world at large if for some peoples oppression by one neighbouring giant shouldbeexchangedmerely for the op. pression of another; for it is in such foci of infection that the poison of another war will breed,andas the first Great War developed from an assassination in the obscure town of Serajevo, and the war just over from an insignificant bit of territory called the Polish Corridor, so another war may easily be brewing for the future if the rights of those who are unable to re. sist are not respected and if the enor. mous material power concentrated its the hands of three or four nations is not used justly and tolerantly. The second part of the Pope's remarks referring to the solidarity between the Catholic Church and Labour, especially in Englishxpeaking countries, is merely the expression of afact. No world power, and who will deny that the Vatican is that,hassoconsistently championed the cause of the working man and his fundamental rights to a fair deal in the matter of conditions, hours and just wages as have the Popes. No documents have been more frequently used by those who have wished to compose charters of Libertv for the working man than the great Encyclicalsof Pope Leo XIII. and the late Pope PiusXI. .Andifthe Church is opposed strenuously to the extreme of Communism, so wasshe the first to protest against the unjust exploitation ofthelabouringman byextremeCapi. talism. This very opposition to the twoextremesshouldbe the greatest recommendation for the soberness and practicability of the Catholic solution to the Labour question,

WalgoolanBranchtoHelpProspective Catholic Settlers

Criticism of Linking-Up Large Blocks

'rhe following is a letter received from the Walgoolan Branch of the National Catholic Rural Movement:--

"OnFridaynight. 19th.inst.,weheld the second meeting of theN.C.R.M. in the O'Leary's home. Owing to the impassableconditionof the roadshere, onefamily wasunabletoattend. Be. fore ablazing mallee root fire we got solidly down to businessafter prayers.

"As Father llolohan was unable to attend owing to car trouble, Ithought it advisable, in the absence of the Leader, to leave the appointment of a .scretary to stand over. This will be rectified at the next meeting on September 14.

"As this was our first real business meeting and we were fairly well ac. quainted with the. policy of the National Catholic Rural Movement regarding farming the broad acres as against closer settlement on smaller acre

ages, etc., Iopened discussion on this question as ameans of ascertaining the general opinion of our branch on independent farming versus commercial farming as at present, the object being toget the right perspective on the question and the correct atti• tude to theaims andobjectivesof our Movement. The discussion was guided byreferences to the debtquestion and the right to security of tenure, costs, Catholic eduction facilities, and the feelings generally on the possibility or otherwiseof farmingin the,wheatbelt Ilower rainfall) as'away of life'

"You will remember how interested the late D. J. O'Leary was in the establishment of groups of Catholic settlers in suitable, well watered areas under thesystem as advocated by the N.C.R.NI. NoLetter place could have been chosenforourfirstbusinessmeeting than the Mass House of the dtrictand the home of agreatCatholic layman. Mr.O'Learyhad thesupport ofalltheCatholics here,mainly owing to the fact that Catholic educational facilities in wheat belt areas are prac. tically'non existent.'

"Butwith the introductionofaGov. ernment Consolidation Scheme, with bus services attached for conveying children to central schools, the main obstacle to farming here as'away of life' for Catholic people is on the way to asatisfactory solution.

"This aspect was discussed and all agreed that once the Education Dopartment's promise had been fulfilled and the eternal debt question solved, independent farming could he as satisfactorily introduced here—almost—as elsewhere on smaller acreages with the consequent improvement in communitylife.

"One notable advantage of farming in the wheat belt was stressed—the comparative freedom from disease among stock, particularlyamong sheep and pes. In this regard it is almost foolproofbycomparisonwiththeSouth and South-Kest areas. Also poultry raising as aside line has decided advantages here over heavy rainfall areas, provided adequate shade is provided for the summer months,

"In expressing these opinions, the membersofthegroupwerefullyappreciativeofthefactthatwehereenjoyed aplentiful—if rather expensive—supplyofwaterfromtheGoldfieldsWater Su

pply,

"As we anticipate that this matter will be discussed at the Conference, a fullreportissetasideasaninstruction todelegates.

"It was generally agreed upon that if wewere startingofflifeon the farm afresh, with the knowledge and experience we have gained here, adecidedpreferencewouldbeshownforareas blessed with ahigher and more assured rainfall, and one better suited for closersettlementinahappiercommun-

itylife,andwith the prospect ofbeing able to enjoy afew of the amenities of life.

"The following motion was then put forward and carried:

"'That as ameans of increasing the Catholic population in areas embraced by the N.C.R.M., and of assisting prospectiveCatholic settlers toselectsuitableland, each Rural Group be asked to make athorough investigation of any available propertiesopenforselectioninitsterritory, and,ifsatisfactory to furnish heftd office with the neces. sary particulars; if required,,group membersundertake to assistallCatho. lic newcomers in their respective districts on aco-operative basis, such as to drill in or work up afew hundred acresoflandasa'startoff.'

"As wehave every reasontobelieve that pests of various sortsareseriously threatening our existence, the matter was put up for discussion. By this time we had exceeded our time limit, but nobody cared.

"This year alone amatter of approximately fourteen hundred acres of crop havebeen lostin this districtby only eight farmers from the depredation of the web-worm. And north in the marginal areas the air is black withgrasshoppers,whichmayrollover us at any time. Out there also the army worm is working on aface in placesand destroyingeverythingin its path.

'The Ga-vernment policy of linking up in this area five thousand-acre blockstoone settlerperblock came in for much criticism. The upshot is that as practically all these settlers are already impoverishedby hard tilnesand severe losses, they are in possession of plants, totally inadequate to cultivate asufficient portion of their vast clear• edareaeach year; the pestsmustnaturally increase and multiply and destroy not only the unfortunate owner, butfarmlandsformanymilesaround.

"The following resolution was moved:

"'Thathead office getin touch with the UnderSecretary forLandsand advise an alteration to this excessive linking up, unless provision be made for breaking up asufficient portion each year owing tothe everincreasing menace from pests..'" The meeting closed. "(Sgd.)

VICTOR L. RENDERSON."

CATHOLIC TENNIS ASSOCIATION

The following table shows the positionsof the"A" and"B"Grade teams up to and including the round of fixtures for September 16:— 'A" Grade. P.

St. Joachim'sNo.2. 7

St. Joachim's No. 1 7

St. Kevin'q 7

St. Columba 8

Highgate . 7 "B" Grade.

St. Anthony's No. 1 8 lighgate. 9

St. Anthony's No. 2 8

St.Columba 9

St. Joachim's 9

There is one more round of matches to be played in the"A" Grade, but the results of these games will not affectthe twoleading teams.

In the"B" Grade the finals will be fought out between St.Anthony'sNo. 1and No. 2. Highgate and St. Columba's.

ThurzaBrowne, onlydaughterofMr. and Mrs. R. J. Browne, of North Perth, who made her debut attherecentCatholicBall.

Spain Proclaims Catholicism OfficialFaith

Recognition of Family and Property Rights

Papal social teaching concerning the rights of the family and the rights of the individual is re-echoed frequently in the Spaniards' Charter which has now beenpassedbythe'Cortes.

"The profession and practice of the Catholicreligion, which is the religion of the Spanish State, will be given official protection," states Article Six of theCharter. "Noonewill be molested for his religious belief and the private exercise thereof. No other ceremonies or external manifestations willbeallowedexceptthoseoftheCatholicreligion."

Other articles assert:

'"The State recognises and protects the family as a natural institution and the foundation of society, with rights and duties which come before and above all positive human law. Marriage is indissoluble. The State will give special protection to large families.

"Fathers are obliged to feed, educate and instruct their children, and the State will suspend the paternal rights of those who do not comply with these conditions in a dignified manner and will have the rights of guardianship and education of children underage.

"The State will maintain institutions created by the Church, by cor porations and private persons to sup, portandcare for the people.

"Privatepropertyasanaturalmeans for the fulfilling of individual, family andsocial aims,is recognised and protectedbytheState.

"All kinds of propertv are subordin. ated to the needs of the nation and common rwelfare,`wealth cannot remain inactive, be destroyed, or used for sinister purposes.

"TheStatewillhelpallSpaniardsto acquire the property most intimately connected with the human purpose-such as ahome, household and working utensils and so forth.

"All Spaniards have the right to work and the duty of taking part in some useful social activity.

"Workis anessentiallyhuman thing and cannot be classed as amerchandise, nor can it be subject to any transactionwhichis incompatible with the personal dignity of whoever is concerned.

"The State recognises the common contribution of technique, labour and

capital in enterprises and recognises the rights of these elements to share in the profits. The State wishes the relations between these elements to be closely upheld within a hitsrarchy, which subordinates economicvalues to those ofhumanity, the interestsof the nation and the demands of common welfare.

All workers will have State protectioninorderthattheybeensuredJust wage to give them and their families at least sufficientfor adecentdiving.

"The Spanish State guarantees support to the workers in cases of misfortune, old age,death,illness, maternity. unemployment, and any other reason covered by insurance.

"Spaniards have the right torespect fnr

their personal and family honour. Whoever offends it, whatever his positionmaybe,willbeheldresponsible.

"All.Spaniardshavetheright toeducationand instructionandthe duty of obtaining it, either from their families or from private or public schools—the free choice is left to them.

"AllSpaniardshavetherighttotake part in public functionsin arepresentative capacity through the family, the municipality and the syndicate, without prejudice to other representations established by law.

"All Spaniards can freely express their ideas so long as they do not illegally attack the fundamental prinriplesof the State.

"Within national territory the State guarantees the liberty and secrecy of correspondence.

"Spaniards have the right to choose their residence within national terri. tory.

"No one can enter the home of a Spaniard, or carry out asearch, withcut hispermission, exceptin cases and in themannerestablishedbylaw.

"NoSpaniard canbe arrested except to the cases and in the manner prescribedbylaw. Within 72hours,anyone arrested will be either freed or handed over to the legal authorities.

"No one can he'condemned except. ing in accordance with alane estab. lished lvfore the commission of the (rime and through competent courts and the examination and defence of theparty interested.

"Spaniards can make individual appealstotheHead ofState or the Cortes and the authorities."

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PopeAnticipated Discovery'of Atomic Bomb

Pontiff's Warning Echoed By Scientists

Not only the Catholic press, but some of the daily papers also, have recalled that over two years ago the Holy Father gave an explicit warning about the possibility of the invention of the atomic bomb and of the"dangerous catastrophe" that would resul' from its use, writes the London cor. respondent of the "Advocate."

The warning was given on February 21, 1913, in his address to-members of the Pontifical Academy of Science.

The Holy Father told the scientists thatithadbeencalculatedthatacubic metre of uranium oxide powder could, in less than one-hundredth of asec end, develop sufficient energy to lift amass of one thousand trillion tons adistance of27 kilometres. He then said:

"Itisof the utmost importance that such aprocess should not be by way ofexplosion,butthatitscourseshould becurbedbysuitableand testedchemicalmeans. Otherwise,there mayfollowfromit notonlyintheplaceofexplosion,but also over thewhole ofour planet, adangerous catastrophe."

The Holy Father,in his address, dis. cussed at some length the experiments thatwere even then proceeding,in the greatest secrecy, on the fission of the atom, and he reviewed the progress that had been made inthisfield of re. searchbefore the war.

Transformationof theAtom.

"The strange transfot7nation of the atom has, for many years, occupied only the investigatorsof pure science," he said. "Without doubt, the greatness of the energy which was sometimes developer) in its was surprising, but, since atoms are extremely small, it was,not seriously thought that they could ever acquire apractical import. ance. To-slay, the questionhas taken on aquite different aspect as aresult of applied radio-activity.

"It is now established that in the disintegration which an atom of uran. itun suffers when it is bombarded by neutrons' there are released two or three neutrons each of which shoots off on its own to meet and split another atom of uranium.

"In this way the effect is multiplied, andsoit happens that the continually growing impact of neutrons on atoms of uranium increases, in abrief passage of time, the number of released neutrons and, in proportion, the sum iota] of energy which can be develop. ed, so that the whole force reaches unimaginable proportions."

It was at this point that'the Pope, as quoted at the outset, warned the scientists of the, catastrophe that would follow- should the fission of the atom take an explosive, instead of a controlled, form.

Scientists Horrified.

In the light of the Pope's address to the scientists, thete is particular interest in the A.A.P. report published in the Melbourne "Argun" on September 3, under the heading."Atomic Bomb Scientists Horrified: Wrongly Used."

The report says:

Seventeen of the scientists whohelp• ed tocreatetheatomicbomb,andwho are still engaged upon atomic experiments for peacetime useof atomic energy, said they were horrified by the tragicusemadeof theirdiscovery,says "Herald-Tribune's" correspondent in Chicago.

Dr. Samuel Allison, the spokesman, ,,

howasamongthosewhodirectedthe first atomic explosion in New Mexico. said that all the scientists concerned realised that their effortsmight shortenthewar: buthehadhopedthatthis could have been done merely bydemonstratingthat U.S.A.possessedsucha weapon, for example, by dropping the t>nmb on an unoccupied island or in Tananese home waters.

The scientists were now desperately tryingtoreturn tofreeresearch.

"We have been virtually locked up ever since we started," he said,"and we don't like it. We scientists will not workonany study where free dissemination of knowledge is forbidden. There isno realsecret about the creationofatomicenergy. Much aboutit was printed in Russia long before we released it. Our only secret is the bomb'scapacity.

"If stiff censorship ismaintained we will begin an elaborate study of the colours of butterflies."

Mr. E. Stettinius, former U.S. Secretary of State, at apress conference in London, said that the whole question of placing the secret of the atomic bombin the hands of the United Naa tions was under discussion. He did not

think-

that, in view of the advent of the atomic bomb, there would be any alterations in the basic United Nations charter signed at San Fran. cisco.

The Military Staff Committee wo.tld meet soon after the establishment of the Security Council, and would deal with anything having to do with the use offorce.

HolyFatherWeighs ProsandConsof Movies

it is for public opinion to support every effort for clean films, said the lloly Father recently.

His Holiness was receiving in audiencethemotion pictureexecutive committee of Hollywood now touring Europe. It included big names in the film world.

"Wee see, gentlemen," said His Holiness in English,"that you are members of the motion picture executive committeeofHollywood,and in receiv. ing you most cordially we cannot re-_ press the thought that comes at once toourmind—the thought of the social responsibility that office places upon you in your country and, in fact, in theworld,forHollywoodisknownoutside America.

"Onewonders at timesiftheleaders cf the motion picture industry fully appreciate the vast power they wield in affecting social life, whether in the family or the larger civic groups.

"Bad Conversation."

"St. Paul was quoting an ancient Greek poetwhen hewrote tothefaithful of his Church in Corinth that'bad conversation corrupts good manners.' 'Chat was true then is no less true, because human nature changes little with the centuries.

"And if it is true, as it is, that bed conversation corrupts morals, how much more effectively are they corrupted by had conversation when ac. companied by conduct, vividly depicter), which flouts the laws of God and civilised decency.

"Oh, the immense amount of -

good the motion picture can effectI That is why the evil spirit,alwaysso active inthisworld, wishes topervert thisinstrumentforhisown impiouspurposes. And' it is encouraging to know that your committee is aware of the dan. ger and more and more conscious of its grave responsibility before society andGod.

"It is for public opinion to sustain wholeheartedly and effectively every legitimate effort made by men of in. f,

erity and honour topurifythe films andkeepthemclean,toimprovethem end increase their usefulness.

"It has been apleasure for us to (welcome you here and to give you this assurance of our keen interest in pour work. We-pray that God'may prosper it for the greater good of young and oldeverywhere."

H.A.C.B.S.

Living With the Church

September 2S--Eighteenth Sunday alter Pentecost. (Green): 1lass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Linus. 3rd. prayer of St. Thecla. Creed. Preface of the Trinity.

September 24-Our Lady of Ransom (White): prase"Salve." 1st. prayer of the Proper. Creed. PrefaceoftheBlessedVirgin. &ptember 25-Feria (Green): Mass of the Sunday. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer"Acunctis." 3rd. prayer at choice.

September 26-85.Cyprian and Juanita, Martyrs (Red): Mass'Salusautem." 2nd.prayer"A cunctis." 3rd. prayerat choice.

September 27-38. Cosmae

and Damien,Martyrs (Red): Mass proper. 2nd. prayer "Acunctis." 3rd. prayer at choice.

September 26--St.Wenoeslaus, Martyr Mass "In virtute." 1st. prayef• of the Proper. 2nd. prayer"Acunctis." 3rd. prayer at choice.

September 29--3t,,Michael,Archangel (White): Massproper. Creed. Common Preface.

CatholicTeachers' Guild

The usual monthly meeting of the Guild takes place on September24 at sp.m.at Bacton House, Hay-street.

The Junior branch still continues to meetfortnightlyatSt.Therese'sSchool, Nedlands. We hear that more new members have joined their ranks.

Annual Retreats. Thesegreatannualspiritualeventsof the Society were ag-in successfully held on the Sth. and 9th, inst. The Retreat for women was held at the Sacred Heart Convent, Highgate, and was conducted by Rev. Father Sexton, CSS.R., and the Retreat for men at the Redemptorist Monastery, by Rev. Father Ferguson, C.SS.R. Both Retreats were well attended, the re. treatantsbeingmostlyyoungmembers. The Society expresses its most sincere thanks to Fathers Sexton and Ferguson, and to the Rev.)Mother Provin. cial and Sisters of the Sacred Heart Convent, and the Very Rev. Rector and Fathersand Brothers of the Mon. astery,forthe very greatkindnessand hospitaityextendedby them tothe retreatants.

District BoardAnnualVisit to Holy RosaryBranch,ShentonPark.

Adelegation of the DistrictBoard, comprising Bros. D. Felton, G.V.P., J. Edwards, C,S., A. T. Willett, G.W., T. I Ilynes, R.G.T., L. M. Goerke„ and J. W. Wall, D.B.M., visited Ilolv Rosary Branch on the 7th. inst. Theywere welcomed by awell atended meeting, presided over by Bro. D.

J. McGerr, P.P. The Society was honoured by the presence of Rev. Dr. Collins, who delivered an interesting and encouraging address, -

in which he expressed appreciation of the help givenbythebranchinconnectionwith parish activities. One new member wits initiated. During the year 18 new members were initiated and generallv the branch is in a.9tatisfactory condition.

,St. Mary'sBranch, Leederville.

The meeting held on the 12th. inst. was disposed of quickly to enable members to attend the inter-branch socialat'Midlandjunction. One nomination for membership was received. Arrangementswere madefor the interbranchsocialtobeheldafterthemeeting on Wednesday next, which will commence at 7.30. Acordial invitation is extended to the members of every branch and theirfriends to be present at the social. A preliminary discussion took place on the intended celebration of the silver jubilee of the branch,which was established on Feb• ruary27, 1921. It is intended to cele• brate the silver jubilee in April, 1946.

The branch has fixed as an objective to be achieved by the time the celebration is held, the increase of membership from its present strength of 335 to 400. Thebranch was well represented at both retreats. Every member who can possibly do so is requested to attend the social on Wednesdav next.

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Racina Selections

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BELMONT.

Saturday, September 22, 1946.

Distance Trial Handicap: Teatic, 1; Avrhoy. 2: Our Bing, 3.

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Beaufort Purse(2): Easyw•alkin, 1; Venstage, 2; Tresigne, 3.

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City Commercial College

Netherlands East Indies Morotai,.

Sir,-Isubmit here an extract from an article published n"Table Tops," a newspaper set up and printed by the First Australian Press Unit,A.I.F., for the Australian Military Forces abroad.

It was my very good fortune to be_ present at the undermentioned ceremony ,and Iwas greatly impressed both by the attendance and the devo. tion dispayed not only by the men of the 7th. Division, R:AX, U.S. and Netherland Forces, but also by the numberofChineseandIndonesiancitizens. Thearticlewaspublishedunder the heading,"Balikpapan High Mass Colourful;" and dated Monday, August 21st.:

"Balikpapan yesterday afternoon sawprobablythemostcolourfulchurch service in its existence.

"On the beach opposite the ruins of the European Club, aRomanCatholic Solemn High Mass of Peace and Thanksgiving for Victory was celebrated by Allied Chaplains in the presttnce of 2.000 Dutch, Chinese, Indon. esians, Americans, and Australian men and women of the Services.

"Before a newly erected theatre stage green-clad Australian soldiers and grey-clad Australian nurses were seated before squatting Indonesian women in sarongs with babies, and prim Chinese women in European clothing. The stage twas hung with Australian, British, U.S., Dutch, Chin• ese andother United Nations' flags.

"On the stage Senior Chaplain C. Cunningham, 7th. Division, conducted the service as celebrant, with the assistance of Chaplain G. C. McMullen (U.S.Navy),Chaplain Somhart (Netherlands East Indies Froces), Chaplain Stanley Skehn (7th. Division), and a choir of local civilians.

"Chaplain McMillen preached the sermon, in which he paid tribute to theservice of all Allied arms.

"'There isalongwarbehind us; he added. 'The road to peace has been hard and long, but now we hold the

position of conquerors and in Manila, torn by that same war, the Japanese w_ill come toheel."'

Ishould like to add that Chaplain McMillen placed special significance onthe fact thatJapan'ssurrenderwas carried out on the Feast of the AssumptionofOur Lady.

The civilian choir consisted of In. donesians, avho gave asplendid rendition ofthe"Kyrie," the"Gloria in Excelsis," the"Credo;' and the "Sanctus." Several hymns were also sung in their native tongue and the troops concluded the occasion by singing "HolyGod, WePraiseThy Name."

Thefact thattheIndonesian attendance wasstrong givesushope for the future. The Missions in the N.E.I. havesuffered terriblythroughthiswar, and it is heartening to find the Faith still burning brightly after more than three years of Japanese domination, andpersecution.

Not farfromthe sitewherewe bowed our heads in thanksgiving and adoration lies the beachhead where ourtroopslanded tostorm theheavily defended Parramatta Ridge,and only ashort distance from here is the SecondAustralianBeachGroupCemetery, the resting place of ourglorious dead.

Many of your readers are probably relatives of men who were in the Bal. ikpapan campaign, soItrust that this lettershould proveofinteresttothem.

-Yoursfaithfully,

SIGNALMAN

MALCOLM YOUNG, R.A.N.R.

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Qualifving Race(2): MyGrattan, 1; Derby Sheik, 3; Golden heather, 3.

Qualifying Race (31: Bingen's Pic, 1; Corsair, 2; Direct Sheik, 3

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Established,1874.

OfficialOrganofthe Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressall communicationstothe Editor,BoxA35,G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH.

TELEPHONE: B6950.

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEDIBER 19, 1945.

The Almighty State

Opposition to the encroachments of the State implicit in Socialismariseboth from the natural lawand from the Christianconcept of the nature an([ dignity of man. The utudertt State tends moreand more to ignore the fact that men as individuals have intrinsic worth andcertain irrefragable rights which cannot beabrugated or arrogated by the State.' It may quite bluntly be said that the modern State is an intolerable.busy-body, interfering un° warrantably in athousand things in which it.has no conceivable business to meddle, and neglecting amultitude of affairs in which it shoal! very propetly be engaged. State interference in educa-. tion, in keeping it on the basis of being free, secular and compulsory; meddling about with marriage, and condoning amerely civil contract between Christian parties; tinkering with valid marriages and pandering to pagan softness with absurd and inuuural divorce laws; the impertinence of the census questionnaire—these are but afew indicationsofan alarming general tendency. In Russia the State attempts tosupply for the family and forpersonal ownership of property; in German y

it has interfered with the procreative rigts of individuals by sterilisation and by asystem of obligatory medical certificates for marriage.

•

There is, at this historical moment, arather desperate need of some clear thinking and straight talking about the respective rights of the State and of the individual. The State has no sort of supreme control over the lives of its subjects. The State derives its civil authority indirectly from God through the will of the people. Hence, in so faras State enactments harmonise with the natural and revealed law, they are just and have abinding moral claim on the obedience ofcitizens. But the individual also has rights which are not derived from the State, but dhich arise outofhisnature as aperson possessing intrinsic worth. lu point both of time and authority, these rights, which are necessary for the well-being of

.the individual, arc prior to those of the Statc. Since the State did not confer them, it cannot lawfullf take them away nor seriously impede their exercise. But the modern State. proppedupasit isby thedecaying principlesofLiberalism, istending more towards sentimentality and less towards philosophy. And sentimentality, which is akind of false and flabby loyc. changes rapidly under criticism and rebuke to aland of highl y strungtyranny, which iscalled in theorthodo x

bo o

ks o

feconom

ics "strict internal contrnl." But no shuffling system of nomenclature can conceal the fact that our already diminished libcrh- is in danger of disappearing completely. For we have not destroyed tyranny;we have merelychanged its name.

Theimmediate problem of balancing the respective rights and duties of the State and the individual lies in the fact that the re storation of human liberty through the distribution of property seems to pustulate apreliutivary measure of socialisatiun. This is the enigma, we must temporarily strengthen the already brutal ann of theState that finallywe may break it. Socialism asapermanent future regime is repugnant to the whole gamutof Catholic social ideas. Yet it scents tosome the onlywayof remedyingthe iniquitous laissez-faire of industry. A readjustment, to some degree,of thebalanceofpower mightbe achievgd were not the State such an infernal usurper. The general principle is that the State should mind its own business. There are numerous concerns in which it at present meddles, but in which it has actually- none or very little jurisdiction, Even in its proper sphere it often seems incapableofefficient management. Letthe Statevacate thefields of marriage and education. for instance, and busy itsrlf yyith the regulation of industry. Catholics, so far from supporting the Totalitarian State, will fight to the last ditch to prevent its further usurpation of personal rights. There will never be atime when Catholics will render to Caesarthe things that are theirs,and, still le-s, thething= th;tt are God's.

Reception Ceremony at Fremantle

ParentsAskedto FosterVocations

The ceremony of Religious Reception tookplace atSt.Joseph'sConvent onThursday,September 6,followed by IIoly Mass and Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.

Very Rev. Father Haugh. O.M.I., officiated at the ceremony, assisted by Rev. Dr. Kiernan and Father Conway. O.M.I.

Miss Mary Piggott, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Piggott, of Pemberton, received the Holy Habit and the name of Sister Mary Bernardine.

When addressing the novice, Father Haugh said that the Archbishop had asked him to express his apologies for

APPLICANTS FORADMISSION TO THESEMINARY.

Those who hope to enter St. Charles'.Seminary neat year to begin theirtrainingforthePriesthood,should send their application to the Very Rev. Rector immediately. Thenumbertobeaccepted will necessarily be small, and other things being equal, applications will be considered in the order of receiving.

To enter the Seminary a boy must have completed his First Year ;Sub-unfor or 7th.Standard; he must be in good health, and musthavethe approvalofhisparents and of his Parish Priest.

Every intending Seminarian, whether he may have spoken about the matter to one of the priests or not,must make his applicationinwritingassoonaspossible.

being unable to be present for the ceremony that morning. He asked him to convey to the newly-received his best wishes and congratulations, and he(Father Haugh) joined with His Grace in congratulating the Sister who had been received that morning.

Unfortunately, owing to war conditions up to now (that is during the past five or six years), the vocations received were very, very few. but now that home life would be restored to normal,he teas sure thatparents,show. ing good example and encouragement, would help to sow and to foster the seeds of avocation here and there throughout the diocese. The religious life was hard in one way anti easv in another; the young girls of these days found it hard to renounce what most young women longed for—the glamour of the world. butitwouldbe seen that the glamour soon faded. and those Imes brought entanglements, whereas she nvho became areligious was freed from all such worldly cares. God would give her agenerous heart to overcome every temptation and ahapniness that was nevertasted by people in the world, so he hoped that the religious life which the Sister began that day would be crowned with success.

Shett'asonlystartingthe apprenticeship of her religious life, and if at the end of one year's novitiate her super. iors considered her worthy she would be admitted to the vows and become the affianced brideofChrist. liehop. ed that her efforts would be crowned with success. God would give her every grace for that purpose. He wished to congratulate the parents; it showed that they in their generosity gave theirdaughtertoGod,asign`that was not often seen in Australi a

to. day. Parents did not foster voca. tions: that was why he congratulated the parents in giving their girl toGod. Ile wouldreward them for thegeneros. ity of the sacrifice they had made. After the ceremony the priests, rela. tives and friends were the guests of the Sisters.

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AROHBffiHOP'S ENOAGZMZI16.

September 24-28:

AttendSenior Priests' Retreatatthe Redemptorist Monastery, North Perth.

September28-

7p.m.: Administer the Sacrament of Confirmation to adults at St. Mary's Cathedral.

September30-

8.45 a.m.: St. Jerome's Church, Spearwood: Preside atHigh Masson the occasion of the celebrationof the Titular Feast.

3.p.m.: Attend Eucharistic Procession at the Home of theGood Shepherd, Leederville, on the occasion ofthe close of the Forty Hours' Devotion.

October9(Feast of LittleFlower):

7a.m.: Celebrate Massat Carmelite Monastery, Nedlands.

9a.m.: Preside atSolemnHighMass at Carmelite Monastery, Nedlands.

2.15 p.m.: Attend Annual Sports at St. Charles' Seminary, Guildford. October 7— St.Therese'sChurch,Gwelup:Attend celebration ofTitular Feast.

October8-

8.30 p.m.: Attend opening of Junior Priests' Retreat at Redemptorist Monastery, North Perth,

October14-

3.30p.m.: AttendAnnualGiftDayat C'astledare junior Orphanage.

7.30 p.m.: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at the Church of the Immaculate Conception, East Fre. mantle.

October 15(Feast of St. Teresa of Avila):

3.30 p.nt.: Attend solemn celebra. tions of the Feast at the Carmelite Monastery, Nedlands.

October 18, 7a.m.: Celebrate Mass at the Home of the LittleSisters,Glendalough, on theoccasion oftheobservance ofthe anniversary of the Consecration of the Chapel.

October21 (MissionSunday)-

11a.m.: PresideatSolemnHighMass at St. Mary's Cathedral, October 248p.m.: Cathedral Hall: Officialopen• ing of Bazaar in aid of St. Francis Xavier's Church, East Perth. October28 (Feast ofChristthe Bing) 11 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral: Pon. tificate.

3pm.: Attend Annual Eucharistic ProcessionandDiocesan Rally of the Holy Name Society, at Aquinas Col. lege, Mt. Henry.

OUARANT' ORE

Sunday:

SEPTEMBER: Sth—GOOD SHEPHERD CONVENT: Forty Hours' Prayer and Procession of the Blessed Sacrament (28th-30th).

OCTOBER: let—NEDI.ANDS: Forty Hours'Prayer (5th-7th).

2nd—SOUTH PERTH': Forty Hours' Prayer(12th-14th).

3rd—BASSENDEAN: One Day of Exposition.

CONFIRMATION OFADULTS.

His Grace the Archbishop will administer the Sacrament of Confirmation to adults in St. Mary's CathedralonFriday,September28, at7p.m. Intending candidates arerequestedtoinform theAdministrator not latrr thanThursday,September27. Candidates from outside the Cathedral Parish will be required to furnish letters from their own parish priests.

Ozana*mSunday 'Opportunities for Laity in Christian Charity

Ozanam's Example of Zeal and Generosity

Last Sunday was observed throughout the Archdiocese as Oze,n&mSunday, andreferences tothelifeandwork of thisgreatFrenchman and to the St.VincentdePaulSociety,which he founded, were made from the pulpits. Preachingat theMiss&CantatainSt.Mary's,

Cathedral, Rev. Father Donnellyspokeasfollows:—

..

If Ibelieved as you believe," said a well-known Agnostic, addressing someChristiansofhis acquaintance,"I would go round the world proclaiming the folly oflivingas you live." Strong words,mydearbrethren,andalas! not wordsthatcan safelybeignored.They are words that should sink deep into the heart of every Christian man and Christian woman. They are addressed not to those who with the smug hypocrisy typical of their kind professtobeChristianswhilein theirconduct they differ in no wise from the theself-confessedenemiesof ,

God.They are addressed to ordinary Christian men and Christian women, young and old, who have so many opportunities for doing good yet profit by so few of them. Haw little is effected anywhere in comparison with whatmight beaccomplishedeverywhere ifall were imbued with the spirit of the faith -which they profess with their lips.

Think of the numbers of neglected and ill-instructed children indanger of being lost to the Church, the sick in hospitals, to whom a friendly visit would be aray ofhope; the orphaned children, whose little hearts are hnnery for someone's affection; the number of unfortunate, suffering tempted and friendless persons in need of aid andencouragement lestthey give way to despair in God's Providence. Ina word. what an amount of good is to be done, which the laity mightdo and which they have no valid excuse for not doing.

Somepeople seemto thinkthattltey dotheir dutybycontributingan alms tosomecausetowhich theirattention is drrnwn. They do not want to be troubled further. They will give a little money, but they will not agree to give alittle of their time. Thev want all their time for themselves. flow unlike they are in spiritto Frederick Ozanam, that illustrious Frenchman, whose memory we recall to-day.'

France produced many an impious knave in the past hundred years, Including We Premier who forty years or so ago boasted that he would put out the lights of Heaven. Hom•ever, itis to her credit that she produced, too, and in the same period, as fine a list of Catholic laymen aseveradornrd the pages ofChurch history. Icfany aname springs to mind: Professor Ampere. Louis Pasteur, Marshal Poch, and ahost'of others, and in the vanguard of that glorious army, towering bead auul shoulders above the rest, thatgreat apostle of Christian charity, Frederick'Ozanam.

body except himself. Ile was not ashamed to defend his religion, nor to speak of religious things, and in spite ofhislonghoursofstudyandlecturing as Professor of Foreign Literature at the renowned Sorbonne University, there flowed from his pen aconstant stream, of articles, pamphlets, and I.00ks in defence of Christianity.

Frederick Ozanam died before the completion ofhis41st, year. Ashort lifeonemightsay,cutoff initsprime, with its great work yet to be done. But there one woulderr. Forwe remember Frederick Ozanam to-day not forhis fameasaprofessornor mainly for his ability as adefender of the t'bnrch, but because, imbued with the spirit of Christian charity, he saw Christ in his fellowmen, and founded theSt.Vincentde PaulSociety. Under his guidance and inspired by his zeal the Society spread to all parts of the ld—ind is to-dav amagnificentliving monument to his memory, while millionsof peoplefrom hisdav toours havehadgoodreasontoblesshisname and thank Godfor hislifeandwork.

The success of Ozanam's great un• dertakingKvasduein nosmallmeasure to the fact that he never asked anyone to do what he was not prepared to"anddohimself. Iledidnotconsider himself too cultured to associate with the poor and lowly, nor did he ­v that coming from a professional family hewould not understand their outlook and mentality. Neither did he consider himself too busv. As the youthful Professor of Foreign Literature at the Sorbourne, he must have beenabusyman,stillhewasfrequenth• toheseenclimbingthericketytene. ment stairways in the Paris slums or visiting the convicts in their prison cells.

Men like Frederick Ozanam are neededintheworldto-day. Weneed but read the Press to realise that ,man's attitude to his fellowman has not changed much in the past ninety or ahundred years, since the days of the chain-gangs, the floggingpost, and the convicts. To-day, as in Ozalam

grimagemay not be tried before an enemy court, but they will stand trial before the bar of history and, more important indeed, they will stand one day before theJudgmentSeat ofGod, and, as in the daysof Herod of yore, thebloodoftheinnocentswillcryunto heavenfor vengeance.

Yes, disciples of Frederick Ozanam are needed in the tworld to-day, men of strong faith, unflinching courage, and boundless charity, Christian men whoare preparedtoplayaman's part in asserting Christian principles, for if

they are not forthcoming and in sufficient numbers the world will one day pay afearful price. So, while witk pride we pay tribute in ourchurches this morningto thememoryofFrederick Ozanam, and pray to see the day whenhisnamewillbeinscribedinthe illustriouscalendarofGod'sSaints, let us pray, too,thathissplendidexample mayexert asalutary and ever-increas. ing influenceonthelivesofChristians, youngandold,encouragingthem tobe followersofChrist,notmerrily inname but in deedand in truth.

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Impressive Confirmation Ceremony .at West Perth

Shedding Children

from Vices of To- Day

s day, the sufferings of the poor, the homeless and thehungryareregarded by many with indifference. Unlike Frederick Ozanam they fail to see Christ in their fellowman, especially when he speaks aforeignlanguage, or has perhaps a darker complexion thantheirown. "Thetitleofthepoor to our commisseration," said Ozanam, "is theirpovertyitself. We arenot to inquiretowhatpartyorsectorraceor nationtheybelong."

Ozanam as aCatholic attempted to do his share in the Catholic work of his day. Ile did not stand by with folded arms saying nothing could be done to counteract the influence of it religious men. He did not give himself up to alife of pleasure, satisfied tokeeptheCommandments,berespect. able, and save his soul in the most suitably fashionable way. Ile didn't think that the defence of religion and the Church was it

matter for every.

Catholic Broadcasts

October7—St.Mary'sCathedral: 11 am.: \fissa Cantata. Preacher: Rev. K. Slowey.

..October 21 (Mission Sunday)—St. Mary Cathedral: 11 a.m.: High:class. Preacher; Rev. 1. 1. Rafferty.

November 4—St. Mary's Cathedral: 11 a.m.: Missa Cantata. Preacher: ARedemptorist Father.

November18—St.Patrick's,Fremantle: Preacher: An Oblate Father.

We need menofOzanam's calibre in the world to-day.men who ire prepar• cd to assert Christian principles, men who have the moral courage to speak out and declare that starvingchildren should get preference even over hungry children, whether they ha;I from Paris, Brussels, Athens or Calcutta, or even if they have had the misfor• tune to be born amidst the shambles that were once German cities. How can anv Christian man or woman, desirousof ajust and lastingpeace, gaze out uponthe jungle that isEurope to. dav and not be sickened with disgust attheprospect?

We read of the activities of men whosesoleideaofpeaceisthepeaceof the looted gravevard,and not thatexpressed in the Christian sentiments of the Atlantic Charter, that worthy successor to President Wilson's Fourteen P,rnts. We read of twelve million wretched civilians, men, women and children, evicted from their homes end their means of livelihood, to die of starvation by the roadside orwend their way towards the ruins of what were once cities, The monsters responsible for the ghastly pil.

OnSunday,September.9,averylarge congregation assembled at St.Ilrigid's, West Perth, to witnessthe administra. tion, by His Grace the:Archbishop, of the Sacrament ofConfirmation. The preacher for the occasion was Rev. Father Donnelly. who addressed afew impressive wordstothe'children about to be confirmed. He asked them tocomeinspiritwithhim tothe city of Rome as it was in the early Christian era, to pass through the streets, leaving the large and imposing buildings behind, and to enter the arena, wheresandswereoften crimsondved with thebloodof manymartyrs. \Chence did these courageous and faithful souls derive their fortitude? From no other source than the Holy Ghost, Who wastocome to them and fill them with the strength needful to fight their life's battles, and be strong in the temptations that would un. doubtedly beset them. The true sol• dier was one who not only acted on the defensive, but who went forward to the attack toarrest the progress of the foe. So must they act; strong with the strength of the Holy Spirit, they would endeavour not only to keep God'slawsthemselves, but to in. duce others to do the same.

At theconclusionofthisexhortation, the children advanced to the altar rails, each accompanied by his or her particular sponsor. Approximately 120 were confirmed. The sight was one that made adeep impression on the congregation, asmost of the recipients of thisbeautiful Sacrament were very young, and on their youthful faces shone the purity and unsullied loveliness that form the peculiar charm of childhood.

When all had been confirmed, His Grace addressed the large assembly. Ile appealed to them todo their duty as parents and to shield their children from the vices so prevalent in these our days. Ile besought them to set theexampleofattendanceatMassand the Sacraments, taking their children with them, and thusmaking sure that their religious obligations were fulfilled.

Asthe CanonicalVisitationhad been held during the previous week, the

Archbishop expressed himself well pleased with thespiritualandfinancial state ofthe parish,aswell aswith the care of the sacred vessels, vestments, and everything required for the use of the altar. He congratulated the parish priest, VeryRev.Father Reidy,andhisassistant, Rev. Father Scully, on the excel. lentstate ofaffairsinWest Perth; the Sisters, on the grand work they were doing for souls. in both High and I'rimary schools; the people, on the meticulous precision and order that prevailed during the ceremony he had just performed. He madeafinal appeal to parents to encourage religious vocations among their children, reminding themof the honour conferred on them by God in making choice of amember of their family for His religious family.

His Grace then returned to the altar, which was beautifully and artistically adorned, for Solemn Benediction, Hewasassistedby Rev.Fathers Scully and Donnelly, as deacon and sulrleacon, respectively. Father Raffertyacted asmasterofceremonies.

THE REV.FATHERTHOMAS KENNY. R.LP.

By-cabletohissister,SisterM.Clare, St.Gertrude'sCollege, New Norcia,the news of the death of the Rev. Father Thomas Kenny recently in England hasarrived.The remainswere brought to Ireland and buried in Glasnevin Cemetery•, Ireland. R.I.P.

AQUINAS COLLEGE PROCES. SION TO BE RESUMED.

His Grace the Archbishop has announced that the Annual Eucharistic Procession and Diocesan Rally of the Holy Name Society, atAquinasCollege,whichmarked the solemn celebration of the Feast of Christ the living in pre• war years,but which had to be discontinued owing to war-time difficulties, will be resumed this yearonSunday,October28(Feast ofChrist theKing). Detailswill be announced later.

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Twenty,First BirthdayParty.

Ninety guests assembled at the "Troc" on Friday evening, atthe,invi• tation of her father, to celebrate the coming-of-age of hiss Dolores Ardagh HersisterJessie(Mrs. BillHoran) acted as hostess andwelcomed the many old friends,including the Mayoress of Boulder,Mrs.J.Teahan. Rev,Father Carolan proposed the toas tof the guest of honour. Mr. Mack Dillon proposed the toast of"The Family," and reallyexcelled. Mr.Guthrie Ardaghresponded. Alovelysupper was served and numerous beautiful presents received,including the famous "key of the door."

Legion ofMaryO1uia.

Membersare reminded ofthealtered time,place and dateofthenextmeeting which will be held in St. Mary's Hall at 7.15 sharp on Friday evening, September 28.

BazaarforSisters of St.Joseph.

Members of St. Mary's Parents' and Friends' Association are organising a Bazaar, tobeheld on Thursday evening, October 11,at St. Mary's Hall, to assistthe SistersconductingSt'Maw", School. '

Last year's function of the same naturewasabrilliantsuccess,anditis hoped by the gommittjee that this year'seffortwillbethesame.

Stallsofuseful and fancy goods, all couponfree,will be ondisplay. Cakes, groceries,andcool drinks will be offered in abundance,and supper will also be obtainable at Is. No charge will be made for admission. although all the usualadditional attractionswillbe offered for the enjoyment of patrons. Remember the date: Thursday, October 11.

Requiem Masses.

Two Requiem Masses were celebrated on Monday morning last at $I. Marv's, thefirstbeing for the-late Pat J. Condren. who was tragically killed in amine accident,and thesecondfor the late Catherine Cadby, of Davyburst. R.I.P.

"TheTuesday Night."

Nfanvoldfacesareseen attheTuesdaynightdance nowadays.Boys and girls home on leave, etc., come along to renew acquaintances, and are delighted tofind"thelearners"stillgoing strong.

Carnival.

The C.GM, members were responsible for the very successful Carnival held onCup night. Their own funds willbenefit..

H.A.C.B.S.

Members of the Society are remin,l ed that thenext,meeting will be held on September24.

Personal.

Dr. Gelle, of Perth,paid his annual visit to Kalgoorlie during the month.

Mrs.BobHartley, of Inglewood, and Mrs. Downey, of Kalamunda, met many goldfields friends during "the Round." They staved with the George O'Callaghans.

HIGHGATE HILL

Catholic 'Social Guild

•

The Enquiry.

When the leadershave gathered all the information available about agivenproblemitistimetoco-ordinatethe facts. That completes the first part of the Enquiry the"See"part. The factsgatheredbytheleaders are pooled and analysed and asummary of themispresentedtothegroupforcon. sideration.

Judge.

It is not enough merely to gather the facts. Theymustbe judged, and judged in the light of Catholic principles. Is acertain state of things right or wrong? Did Our Lord say anythingabout itintheGospels? Has there been any pronouncement on the point by the Church? How does the matter stand in thelight of the spirit of theMovement?

Now an importantpointemerges. It is this: Tojudge afactin the light of Christian principles, aman must him• self clearly understand Christian principles, and so it is that the Catholic Action leader acquiresaCatholic mentality. That he should need to acquire it is-not strange in the light ofexperience: thereareplentyof men sufficiently well instructed, in their youth, in the Truths of Religion, and faithful to religious practice who, nevertheless, have not aCatholic mentality. The things they hear about them, thebookstheyread, theireveryday associations influencetheirway of thought,andtheopinionstheyholdon manv subjects are definitely not the opinionswhich spring from aCatholic phiosophyoflife.

There is also another point to be noticed. The Catholic Actionist sees how the religious truths that he learn• ed inanabstractwaycan and should be applied to life. To quote from "The Enquiry" (Mayne, S.J., and Mitchell):"Gradually thedivorce between religion andlifeisovercome, for lifeis taken apart piece by piece to be reassembled in the lightof the teaching of Christ. All thisis accomplished in avivid and interesting way."

Then, again, the"Judge" partof the Enquiry ismostimportant. Thesituation must be judged before any action is proposed,because there will be tendency to jump straight from what has been Seen towhatmust be Done. That'tendency must be checked until the leaders know not only what is wrong but also why it isivrong, and until they understand the correct motives for the actiontheypropose to take. And here the help and guidance of the priest is invaluable: he will not onlypointoutwhat Christian principles are involved, but also help the leaders to apply them to the problem under discussion. The leaders themselves will make the particular judgmept, but the priest helps and guides them. Then, when the situation has been viewed and judged the time comes for Action.

Again Pre-War Quality Roof Paint, 28/. gal. Copper Grates,4/. Half sell's, 689 Wellington Street.

Tel.: MU149.

ARTHUR E. DAVIES & CO.

funeral

PERTH:

Or. Beaufortand Bulertr Streets. B%W.

Directors anb Embalmers

CLAREMONT: Opposite RailwayStation. F2177.

FREMANTLE: 88Market Street. LIM.

PARTNERS: WALLA•CE A. H. GREEN & GEORGE B.COCKERILL.

-On Tuesday,October 16,aChildren's Plain and Fanev Dress Ball will be held in the Perth Town Hall at7pm. Manv good prizes ncill he given for various costumes. There will also be refreshments and the tickets are 1/6 each, and can be obtained at the Sacred Heart Primary School. The proceeds of this function are for the parish funds, Highgate.

LOOKING FORWARD.

Pegple withlotsofmoneycanafford to look back. Others must look forward. Buvaticket to-dav in the No. 27Sb Charities Consultation and look forward to winning the first prize of £2,000.

Y .

C.

W ACTIVITIES

HIGHGATE.

The general meetings of the Iligi,I

ate Hill Branch of the Y.C.W. was held in the Parish Hall, HaroldSt., on TuesdayeveningsatSp.m. Afterthe meeting the members take part in the following sports: Table tennis, deck tennis, quoits, badminton, boxing, wrestling, jujitsu, tumbling, general 1'.T., darts, and indoor hockey. We are fortunate to have as P.T. instructor Captain T. Millen, A.LF., who has also helped us in obtaining sporting equipment,

We hope in the very near future to start classes forthose interestedin Ra. dio and Engineering. We.have purchased aquantity of radio material and anoldmotorbikeforthispurpose, and are(low(waiting for asuitable instructor. If anyone would be willing todedicateanhouraweektothispurpose he isrequested tocontact Father tsrcnnan('B78fi6).

Doctor P.. I. R'heeler has kindly offered his assistance in trainingsome of theladsin theprinciplesofArmy First .lid. Any Y.C.W,memberdesiring to take part in this course is asked to contact the Secretary(Mr.G. Lyons).

Dancing classesare held every alternate Thursday at8p.m. in the Parish Hall, and membership tickets may be obtained from the Branch Secretary. We would like as many as possible to ronie along,and also urgently require the help of teachers, both male and female. Atpresentwearedoingmodern dancing,and willdo old-time when this is mastered.

Cricket and Softball practice is held every Sundaymorningin Forrest Park foil Walcott-street), commencing at lU a.m. All Y.C.W. members are in. vited, espeyall) those of our Region, as we hope to be able to field avery good team.

On :August 26, avery successful picnic and hike was run by the members of thisbranch,togetherwith girlsfrom the('G.m. We hired the Diesel and aboutSO took part. One of the high. lights was community singing to the bright tunesof aguitar and piano accordcor.. Ali had avery happy day , and we arelooking forward toanother in acoupleofweeks' time.

The Carnival Dance held on Friday, September 14, was agreat success, approximatelybetween ISOand200being inattendance. The hallwasgailydecorated, and contributed to the gaiety of the dance. We wish to thank all thosewhohelpedtomakethisfunction asuccess.

CLAREMONT BRANCH.

Theentertainment committee of this branch are losing no time in making the fortnightly dances highly popular, andwearehappyto saythat wehave the pleasure of entertaining happy voting people from Perth, Subiaco, Nedlands, Cottesloe, and Fremantle.

Be in the fun,and find outforyour. selfall aboutourexcellentfloor,music, supper, and prizes.

Note date of next dance: Saturday, September 29.

Wehope to have theTennisClub in frill swing in the near future, and would like everyone interested in the game to hand in their names as soon as possible.

FREMANTLE BRANCH.

The meetings of the Fremantle Branch are held on Monday nights at 745 p.m. With atotal of about 70 members our numbers are steadily increasing.

The recent visit to the Subiaco Branch proved to beavery enjoyable evening. The time was spent with competitive games in table tennis, quoits,darts,basketball, andfinallyan excellent supper.

Though the competitors from this (Continued footofnextcolumn.)

Randolph Knapp

Catholic Girls' MOVEMENT

C.G.M.

Headquarters and Club Roams: Bank of N.S.W. Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7.10, First Floor. TELEPHONE: B4836.

•

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES , MONDAY:

Shorthand:5.15p.m.

Literary: 8p.m.(fortnightly).

TUESDAY:

Physical Culture: 6.45 p.m.-7.45 p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m.

Choirand Orchestra: 8p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

THURSDAY:

Mass: 8a.m.

Exposition: Allday.

Benediction: 5.15 P.M.

Liturgy: 8p.m.

Dancing 'lasses:4o.m.(fortnigh6y).

FRIDAY:

Lectures: 8pm. (fortnight' ,

'.

SATURDAY:

Kalamunda Busy Bee, 1.15 p.m. bus. Basket Ball.

• BASKETBALLDANCE.

Onlv one or two matches remain to be played before the close of the has• ketball season. Presentation of the trophies to the winning teamsand the fairest and best played will he made atadancetohe heldon October10in theCathedralHall. Dancewillberun by the Basketball Association, but is open to all membersof the Movement and their friends.

SOFTBALL.

Now that the basketball season is over, we will be starting our summer sport—Softball. Last year this new sport,introducedbytheAmericans,was extremely popular and several good matches were played against outside teams. The Y.C.V. alsohave ateam and played against us, but we aren't mentioning the scores. Perhaps if they challenged us again this year we will regain our lost prestige. So all the old softball fans, and any new members interested, would you please seeMaryConnor,whoisorganisingthe teams this year.

LITURGY.

Meeting night of the LiturgyGroup has been changed from Thursday to Tuesday night. Talks are given by our Spiritual Director, and any girl who has attended aweek-end confer. cove at Marian Lodge should realise the value of these talks. If you are ;nterested, you van --see Margaret Kenny about joining theGroup.

CANTEEN DATES, fG.M Group: Monday, October 1. Undernocircumstanceswillagirlbe admittedtoCanteenwithoutherbadge.

branrh were notvery successfulin the recent boxing tournament held by the Amateur Boxing Association,it ishoped they will do better in the coming championships.

SOCIAL CALENDAR.

Highgate:

September 20: Old-time and modern dancing class, at Parish Hall, Harollstreet, at 8p.m

September24: Y.C.V.Dance,at Parish Hall,Harold-street.

Cathedral:

September23: Dancingclass,at Ca+hedral Hall.

Claremont: _

September 29 Y.C.W. Dance, at Parish Hall, Reserve-street, Claremont.

Flue Pipes for Stoves,Bath Heaters, Rid Paving and Green House Paints. Hassell's,559WellingtonStreet.

CENTRALCATHOLIC LIBRARY- 36PIERSTREET,PERTH

Weannouncethefollowing new arrivals inourLibraryandBook Departmeat:

LIVING BIOGRAPHIES OF FAMOUSMEN (thelivesandadventures of 20 outstanding personalities, including Marconi, Caruso, Disraeli, Marco Polo. Paderewski, Goethe,Cellini, Shakespeare, etc, etc.).. 16/6.

GREAT SYMPHONIES (how to recognise and remember them). The worksof Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Schumann. Price 8/6.

WHEN THE BLOOD 'BURNS. A novelbyalocalwriter,AlanChester, This isastory ofthe Flying Doctor Service. 8/6.

BENEATH SOUTHERN STARS. By II. Williamson Ross. 7/6.

WESTERN :AUSTRALIA IN THE MAKING. Further editions of Cyril Bryan'sinteresting work. 5/SEAMANSHIP—asoftcover booklet, especiallywritten forSeaScoutsand yachtsmen. Gives all information about local conditions. 1/-.

THE MIKADO'S GUESTS. One of the most interesting books written on thesubjectofourmen whowere prisoners inJapanese hands. 4/6.

WE OF THE NEVER NEVER. By Mrs. Aeneas Gunn (soft cover edi:ion). 1/9.

DIG. ByFrankClone. 1/9.

DARK OUTLAW. By Frank Clone. 1/6.

JOURNEY AMONG WARRIORS. By Eve Curie. 17/0.

LASSIE COME HOME. By Eric Knight (the author of"This Above All.") 9/-.

New supplies of THE SUNDAY MIS. SAL at pricesfrom 2/9 to 18/-.

The First ofour New Supplies of:— IMITATION OFCHRIST

THT FOLLOWING OFCHRIST, CHILDREN'S PRAYER BOOKS and PRAYER BOOKSFOR THOSE WHO NEED LARGE TYPE, TREASURY OF THE SACRED HEART, have now been received.

By joining our Library you may read all the books which we procure from time to time, many of them too expensive for you to purchase, perhaps,butthereisnoneedtomissreading all'the latest and best of modern writers.

Our subscription rates are the most reasonable in Australia:

City: 10/- year, 1book. 12/6 year,2books. 7/6 half year. 4/- quarter.

Country: 1:1/15/--,1year,for4books. it.6months, for4books. We pay freight on outgoing parcels.

Just landed,new Gas Fires and_ Room Heaters;also Enamel Sauscs• pans. At•W.A.StoveCo., Perth.

Loreto Convent "Osborne" — Claremont BOARDINGAND DAY0OLLEGE.

theSchoolprovidesasoundeducation on modern lines in all branches of study. The pupils are prepared forallexaminations. TheSchoolis beautifully:;ti:ated between Ocean and rover, in extensive grounds, with fine playing fields and private Swimming Pool in River.

Telephone: F2135. Apply— MOTHER SUPERIOR.

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— PERTH.

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PUPILS PREPARED ALL EXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORI SCHOOL FOR YOUNG CHILDREN. For Prospectus apply— REV. MOTHER PRIORESS, Phone: B3810.

ST. ILDEPHONSUS' COLLEGE

NEW NORCIA

CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS.

Catholic boys recommended on thescore of character by their Parish Priest,and ready to commence atleast Sixth Standard or arrival, can be now enrolled for commencementin February, 1916. Application should bemade at once. Acceptanceduring1945is nolongerpossible.

For Particulars Apply to—

THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

CHLISTIAN BROTHERS,MT. HENRY.

ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A. AQUINAS COL.LEGr

TELEPHONE:MUIM.

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Strength and Beauty of the Hail Mary

Heaven -

and•Earth Composed Our Best-Loved Prayer

"The Hail Mary" takes its name from thehappytidingsbrought bythe angel Gabriel to the Blessed Virgin Maryconcerning theIncarnationofthe Son of God. It commemorates the most important embassy which ever took place—an embassy sent by the King of kings entrusted to one of the chief princes of His heavenly court, and directed, not to an earthly potentate, but to apoor unknown maiden who, being endowed with angelic purity and being in asupreme degree humble and God-fearing, was greater in Ills eyes than the most powerful monarch in the world. By choosing apoor virgin for the accomplishment of the greatest of Hi; mysteries, God clearly shows that earthly dignitiesare ofnoconsideration with Him,and that perfect humility and sanctity alone constitute true greatness. The Omnipotent can do all things without the concurrence of creatures; nevertheless in His exterior works Ile most commonly uses their co-operation. His will has been revealed to men by the intervention of Ills prophets, and He honoured many of the ancient patriarchs with commissions of vital mo. merit. When the Second Person of ,e Blessed Trinity became man, Ile was pleased to be born of a woman,

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'Phone B5824.

DEATHS

RYAN­•On September 11, result of aircraft accident, Wing Commander James Ryan, dearly loved husband of Joanne, father of Anthony and Peter, loved son of the late Denis and Mrs. At. Ryan ,loving brother of Pat (A.I.F.), brother-in-law of Enid, fond uncle of Helen; aged 28 years. Requiescat in Pace.

RYAN -OnSeptember11,resultof an aircraft accident, James Ryan (Wing Commander, R.A.A.F.), dearly loved nephew of Kate McGovern. R.I.P.

our

although He could have taken nature upon Himself without the cooperation of any creature. In the choiceofthemaidenwhom Hedeigned to raise to this most sublime of all dignities, He selected her who,'by the riches of His grace and by her virtues,wasofallhuman beings the holiest and the most perfect. The subjectmatter of the archangel's embassy was as extraordinary as the persons concerned in it. It was the divine purpose to giveto theworld aSaviour, to the sinner avictim of propitiation, to the just amodel, to this virgin— who should remain avirgin—ason, and to theSon ofGodanewnature, a human nature, capable of suffering pain and death, in order that He might satisfy God's justice for our transgressions. The HolyGhost, who was to her in place of aspouse, was not content with rendering her body capable of giving life to a ManGod, but enriched her soul with fulness of grace,that there might be asort of proportion between the cause and the effect ,and that she might be the betterqualified to co-operate in this mystery of sanctity.

The angel begins his address.with "Hail! full of grace," If the grace of God so upraises its recipient that the soul dignified with the lowest degree of sanctifying grace is greater than any earthly prince, what shall we say or think of Mary, in whom fulness of gracewas only apreparationfor what was now tocome to her? Canwebe surprised at the treasures which God so liberally bestowed, when we consider the purport of the angel's next words: "The Lord is with thee"? He is to be with her in amanner more intimate, more perfect, and more div ine than He ever was orwill be with anv other creature. He is with her not onlyby His essence, His presence, andHispower: Heisthuswith all His creatures. He iswith hernotonlywith Hisactualgrace,touchingherheartand

MEN'SWEAR

SUITS. OVERCOATS, SPORTS COATS, TROUSERS, UNDERWEAR, HATS, SHOES, Etc....

enlightening her understanding: He is often with the sinner in this way. He is with her not only by Hissanctifying grace, making her pleasing in His sight: He is present in this manner with all the just. Ile is with hernot only by aspecial protection guiding her in His ways and leading her securely to salvation: He does thisfor eachoneofthe elect. Heiswith her, Andwithheralone,inanineffablemanner, by asubstantial and corporeal presence: in her, and of hersubstance, is thisday formed Hisadorable Body: in her He reposes for nine months, with His whole divinity and humanity. No tongue can tell the blessings which must have flowed in upon her during those nine months, or the honour which is due to one so nearly allied to our great Creator. What intercession can be so powerful as that of the Mother of divinegrace?

Regarding the phrase: 'Blessed art thou among women": "Through her," says St. Proclus,"all women are blessed.... Eveishealed..'..Mary isvenerated as becomes the Mother, the handmaid, the cloud, the bridechamber, the Ark of the Lord There. fore, we say, Blessed art thou amongst women, who alone bast foupd aremedy for Eve'ssorrow, bast alonewiped away the tears of that mourner, bast carriedthepriceoftheworld's redemption, bast received the treasure of the pearl in trust" in the next ejaculation—"And blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus"— we find the all-sufficient reason for the honour we pay to the Mother ofGod. Mary is worthy of praise and love abovealltheangelsandsaints,because of the mighty mystery,wrought in her by the Holy Spirit. All her glory is reflective. Like the moon, she hasno lightofherown,butreflectsthe warm, life-givingraysofthesun. Blessed indeed is the fruit of her womb for by Himandwith HimandinHim we are redeemed from the sin of'Adam and fromourown sins.

This lovely prayer, composed by the Archangel Gabriel and Saint Elizabeth, underthe inspirationofthe Holy Spirit, closes with apetition added by the Church: "Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners now and at thehourofourdeath. Amen."

The Church, Christ's mystical Body, places all its members under the protectionofherwhoso faithfullyfulfilled the role of Motherto the Head of the. Church. Realising the frailty of hu• man nature,it seeks the Grace ofGod from the Mediatrix of all graces for everymomentofevery day forall our needs of body and soul. But above all it seeks the grace of dying well, it asks the grace of final perseverance. And it is part of our Faith and the basisofourhope thatthispetition sin. cerely and often made will not fall unheeded on theears ofOurLordor His Blessed Mother.

Y.C.W. ANNOUNCEMENT

Ageneral meeting of all the young men oftheCathedral Parish (including St. Patrick's and St. Francis Xavier's districts) will be held in the Cathedral Hall on Sunday, September 23, at R p.m. sharp. The .business of this meeting is to discuss the formation of abranch of the YoungChristian Work• ers' Movement. Alivelydiscussion is anticipated on its social activities as atpresentconducted,andon future developments. Every youngman in the parish is urged to attend and to express his views.

PERTH FISHERIES

►T. IN MEMORIAM ►Ti

CAMPBELL, Florence Ethel—Wife of Joseph Robert, fond motherof Joan, Colin, Jean.Keith and Donald, died September 25, 1944.

On her soul, sweet Jesus, have mercy.

DOYLE.Min loving memory of my dear uncle, who died on September 21, 1939. R.I.P.

—Inserted by his nephew, James Doyle Crozier.

GI11BLETT, Thomas (A.I.F.Commando).—Treasured and loving memories to-day and always of our dear Tom,killed inactioninNewGuinea, September 19, 1943.

SacredHeartofJesus,havemercyon hissoul.

—Inserted by his loving parents, sistersandbrothers.

IIASSELL.--40f your charity, pray for the

soul of Percival William, killed in action, September 20. 1917. Remembered by his loved brother and sisters.

O,SacredHeart ofJesus,havemercy on hissoul.

HASTIE.—Of your charity, pray for thesoulofThomasLittleHastie,who diedat Bunbury,September23, 1944, beloved husband of Margaret, dear fatherofTres (Mrs. Lanigan),fatherin-law of Bob.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on hissoul. e

LILLIS—In loving memory of our darling mother and grandmother, Bridget,whopassedaway September 19, 1939.

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on hersoul.

—Inserted by her loving daughter, Ann, son-in-lane Bruce„ grandchildren, Marlene and Kevin.

O'CONNOR.—Of your charity, pray forthe reposeofthesoul ofWinifred Kathleen, who died September 24, 1943.

Immaculate Heart of Mary, your prayers for her extol. \lost Sacred Heart of Jesus, have 4 mercyonhersoul.

SITUATIONS VACANT.

SeniorGirl, for Printing Factory; ex• perienced in use of Folding Machine, Insetting, Bookbinding, etc. State award rates. Apply National Service Office, Wellington.street, Perth.

Wanted boy (just left school preferred) for country Store; good Catho. lic home. Apply Grocer, this office.

Good home offered elderly lady, in return for company; references exchanged. Apply Mrs. Foley, Pinjarra.

THE BIG STORE FOR MEN AND BOYS. CENTRAL HAY s

TREET.

tCn WF,LLINGTON ST.. PERTH rISH AND POULTRY SUPPLIED. Wholesale and Retail.

Phone: B5992. City Deliveries, Couatry Orden Catered Tar.

Why League Dropped •Liberty ofConscience

(By Thomas E. Kissling, Staff Writer,N.C.W.C. NewsService.)

It isinterestingatthistime torecall the happenings in regard to religious freedom and liberty of conscience at the Paris Peace Conference, in Febru. ary, 1919, when strong efforts were made to include areligious freedom clausein theproposedCovenantofthe LeagueofNations. Fewperhapsknow that such aclausewas proposed, and that it was in fact the only article dropped from the originaldraft of the League Covenant. Alook at the record, the official"Minutesof the Commission on the League ofNations," revealsthe proposals,thediscussionsand the reasonsadvancedagainstthereligiousiberty clause.

The DraftCovenantwas usedasthe basis for discussion by the Commission. Article XIX, the so-called religiousfreedomclause,waslaterchanged toArticle XXI. Itread:

"The HighContracting Partiesagree thattheywillmakenolawprohibiting orinterferingwith thefree exercise of religion, and that theywill in no way discriminate, either in law or in fact. against those whopractiseanyparticular creed, religionor belief whosepractices are not inconsistent with public orderorpublicmorals."

Debate on Clause.

Much of the debate concerned the wording of the clause. Lord Robert Cecil, Britain's delegate, endeavoured toamend thewording of the original draft sD

that the Executive Council would be authorised to settle disputes over religious freedom. President Woodrow Wilson offered asubstitute wording, and along with Col. Edward M.House,advocatedsuchanarticle as ameans of preventing religious persecutions. They were opposed by the delegates from France, Belgium and Italv and Portugal, who contended that it was too difficult to word the clanse so as not to conflict with the constitution of certain countries, and that it might be usedby political parties against governments in power.

The debate continued, with M. Leon Bourgeois of France declaring that the clause only confirmed the principles laid down in the declaration on theRightsofMan. The FrenchDele. gation thought also that Article XI,

which mentioned internal-troubles which threatenedthepeace,wouldpro. vide for the cases foreseen in the pro. posed article. M.JaymeBatalha Reis, of Portugal, said that his long residence in eastern Europe convinced him that conflicts which were supposedto be religious were usually racial.

Baron Makino, of the Japanese delegation,urgedthat thequestionofrace equality shouldbe includedalong with religiousliberty. Hisproposedamendment,guaranteeingequal treatment to alien nationals of States that were membersoftheLeague,wassupported by the Chinese delegate, Mr. Koo. LordCecilremarkedthatthematterof racial equality was highly controversial and thought it would be wiser to postponeits examination.

Article = Dropped.

M. Veniselos, of Greece, voiced the opinion that questions of race and religionwould certainlybedealt withby the League in the future, and that it wouldbe wiser forthe moment notto allude to them. Several members of the commission took the same view and urged that Article XIX be dropped. And it was dropped, Colonel House reserving the right of President Wilson, who was not present, to raise thesubjectagain.

Although the proposal for areligious freedom and liberty of conscience article was regarded as "quite sound, even desirable," the subject was not raised again. The article was the only onedropped from the original draftofthe Leagueof NationsCharter.

An interested by-stander in Paris at the time hasleftus an account of the demise of the Article. Writing in 1439, in hisbook,"The Bishop Jots it Down," the Most Rev. Francis C. Kelley, Bishop of Oklahoma City and Tulsa,observes:"It was heldby some that the liberty of conscience article would( have beeqfatal to the League. The exact contrary is true; it might have saved the League. The first blow giventhe League was the refusal ofthe United States toenter it. One of the arguments in support of that action was based on the fact that the Covenant did not safeguard liberty of conscience."

Cardinal Bertram Dies in Breslau

Cardinal Adolf Bertram, Archbishop of Breslau,(lied onJuly 13at the age of SG.

Nis Eminence was in Breslau when the Russian troops surrounded the city in the closing months of the war. From that time untilhisdeathnothing yeas heard ofhim.

Germany usually has four of its Archbishops in the Sacred College. Now there is only one, Cardinal Faulhaber, Archbishop of Munich.

There are now only 39 Cardinals, leaving31vacanciesinthe SacredCollege

The Nazis regarded Cardinal Bertram as one of their strongest opponents. Thev tried to get him out of his see and sent Herr von Papen, a Catholicandformer Chancellor,to persuade him toresign.

His Eminence was made aCardinal "in petto" by Pope Benedict XV. in the second year of theGreat War. It

was not until theendof 1919 that his appointment was announced and he received the Red flat.

Priest for nearly 64 years and Bishop for nearly 39, he was regarded as the foremost promoter of Catholic Action in Germany.

As President of the Fulda Confer. ence--the annual assembly of the German Hierarchy--Cardinal Bertram sentawarmmessageof thanks toCardinal Hinsley in 1936 in response to a letter from the Hierarchy of England and Wales expressing sympathy with their German colleagues"in the very trying circumstances which confront the Catholic Faith."

0th. yearthatsomereliefwasbrought tohim bythecreation, underhis guidance, Printing HousesofA. D.SCOTT FOR FINE PRINTING Service Printing Co. CITY AND SURBUR +n% PKINTiNG,

of the diocese of Berlin. 4, LINOCRAFT POSTER STUDIOS. RAINBOW HOUSE. 03-7 RAY ST.(EAST, PERTT. Serving All Colleges' Printing Requirements. Telephone B9901 Q lines) Res. U2389

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Hotel and Accommodation Guide

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'Phone: B3418.

Wembley Hotel

FirstClass Accommodation.

M. CRANLEY, Proprietor. COUNTRY.

DUKE OF YORK HOTEL, NARROGIN. Reconditioned and Refurnished, New Lounge, Dining Roots, and Commercial Roots. ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth).

GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR&GARTER HOTEL, Cur. HANN.,N & NETHER. COTT STS., KALGOORLIE.

BERTSTARR

.... Proprietor.

'Phone 13... ...... Box 194. AUSTRALIA HOTEL, KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St. Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooms.

Refrigeration Throughout. Only Lock-Up Garages in the CentreofTown. M.J.DILLON,licensee.

FREEMASONS HOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent Cuisine. Amatice Refrigerator Installed Old and New Friends are Cordially Welcomed. MRS. E. WING, Proprietress.

STAN. O'BRIEM COURT HOTEL PLIT1I.

'Phone: 134261.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE.

Overlooking the Ocean.

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Moderate Charges.

M. BYRNE (Late of Grand and Shamrock Hotels, Boulder).

VICTORIA HOTEL, HAYSTREET, SUBIACO.

Renovated Throughout. Essence of Comfort. W.

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I

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"You told me this duck you were given was afarmyard one," the housewife said to the soldierbilleted onher.

"So it is," replied the soldier.

"But I'm sure it'sawild one." the housewife insisted. "I've just found abit of shot in it."

"No,truly,ma'am, it'sfrom the farm all right. That shot was intended for me, not the duck."

Asoldier,afterplacingsomeflowers onagraveinacemetery,noticedan old Chinaman placing abowl of rice on anear-by grave.

"What time do you expect your friend to come up and eat the rice?" asked the soldier.

The old Chinaman replied with a smile:

"Same time your fliend come up to smell flowers."

Another plumber joined the Royal Engineers, and was immediately given atest—the making of ajoint,for a lead pipe.

The senior N.C.O. sent awritten report of the test to the Commanding Officer. It read: "Joint very well done."

Next day the man was given ajob in the off

icers' mess.

The sailor wasrecounting to agroup of admiring relatives his hair-raising experiences afterhis shiphadbeen tor. pedoed.

"An' as Istood on deck," he said dramatically, "Isuddenly sees ator. pedo headin' straight for usl"

"Oh, dear!" granny interrupted. "I do hope you founditwasoneof ours."

"Now, children," said the teacher, "an anecdote is aword meaning a short, funny tale. Bobby,writeasentence on the blackboard containing that word."

Bobbymarchedupto theblackboard, and after amoment'shesitation, he wrote: "A rabbit has four legs and an anecdote."

Thelandladystopped the new lodger onbisway to the dining-room.

"How did you sleep lastnight?" she asked. "I'm afraid the bed in No. 13 is atrifle hard."

"Oh, it was right," the lodger answerediwarily. "Igot up every now and again during the night and rested abit."

Ile was abore,and heartily disliked. Rushing into the club secretary's room and fumingwith rage,heshouted, "I've just been offered £20 to resign. What shall Ido?"

I

The secretary wasquitecalm, and replied:"hold on for abit. You'll probably get abetter offer."

In atown in the wild and woolly West, aboy reached the age of four. teen without ever having spoken a word. Oneday hewasloafingaround the corral where they were branding calves, and somehow, managing to get in the way of the man who nvas handling the branding irons, he got burned pretty badly on the seatof his pants.

Ashe felt the hotiron, thedumblad shouted, "Ouchl"

There was terrific excitement, and the man whto had burned him cried: "A miracle! Dummy talkedl Ile's found-his voiceI"

The mistress was instructing hernew parlourmaidinher new,duties.

"Remember," shesaid,"Iexpect you to be very reticent about what you heartwhenyou are waiting a1table"

'+certainly,ma'am;' replied the girl. Thenshe added hopefully:"May Iask will there be much to be reticent about?"

Averysmall boy had declinedprunes so vociferously as to raise the whole matter to one of disciplineratherthan apardonable foible. His mother told him that God would probably be displeased at his disobedience.

Later in the evening there came a heavythunderstorm,andmothergraspedthis opportunityofgoingupstairs to heal the breach. She found the tiny mutineer standing in front of the window in an attitude of disgust.

"Huhl" he said, defiantly, as aterrific peal of thunder shook the house, "all this fuss about four prunes."

The boy violinist, playing at aprivate musicale, was renderingadifficult concerto, which contained some particularly long rests for the soloist.

Duringone ofthese intervals, akind. ly dowager leaned towards the artist and inquired loudly:

"Whydon't you play something that you know, my boy?"

It was the Englishman's first visit north of the border and as he waited on the station platform for aconnection he whiled away the time asking the porter questions.

"I suppose you have aprovost in this town?" he asked.

"Aye," replied the porter.

"Does he have insignia like our mayors?"

"Does he have what?"

"Insignia. For instance,does he wear achain?"

"A chain!" exclaimed the porter in astonishment. "Na, na, he gangs aboot loose. But dinna be feared o' him; he's quite harmless."

A party of British journalists was on avisit to Canada, where they were taken on atour of the biggest farms. At one farm, two of the contingent from Scottish papers drove up to the gate and were at once recognised by the farmer, whohadworkedwith them many years before on the pme newspaper before he had emigrated to Canada.

The visitors looked-round, and then remarked: "You've got afine show of cattle."

"Thousands,"repliedthefarmer.

The farmer grinned.

l

"I suppose you require aterrific extent of land to graze them on?" I

"Oh, nol" he explained. "You see, I've trained them well. They simply walk up to neighbouring farms, say 'Press,' andgoright.in1

A firm of shadv brokers was prosecuted for swindling. In acquitting them, thejudge said, severely: "There is insufficient evidence to convict you, butifanyone'rwishes toknow myopinion of you Ihope that they will refer to me."

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But the lad spoke again.

"Miracle nothing!" he said. "Ijust never had nothin' to say before,"

"Darling," said Mr. Newlywed, dur. ing tea,"did you make these cakes all by yourself?"

"Yes, of course, sweetheart," she re. plied. "Were you going to tell me they are just like the ones your mother used to make?"

,.

As amatter of fact, Iwas."

"Really, dear. How lovelyl"

"Yes,"hemurmured- "And—Idon't think Imentioned it to you before— but that's why Dad left herl"

Afterwards the firm's advertisements appeared in every available medium with the following well displayed: "Reference as to probity by special per. mission, Mr. Justice Blank, Judge of the High Court."

Old Jenkins was mad with rage. Fer twelve months he had taken the plate round at the local kirk every Sunday. Now someone else had been asked to perform the ditty.

"I consider Ihave been grossly insulted," he said to afriend.

"But,"said the latter,"Idon't think there is any had feeling towards you."

"I don't know about that," roared Jenkins, "but it looks very suspicious. The fellow they have asked to do the job has only got one arm."

DearCornerites,—Whatdoyouthink ofour new raffle? Ihope you all intend to buy (or better, have already bought) aticket for the Bushies' Pause. The prizes are lovely, and I can just imagine the delight of the lucky littleboys andgirlswhowillwin them.

Iam sure this raffle will be just as successful as Ipst year's, Weause, I know all my Corneriteswillbeanxious to have aticket, and some of you might even like to write for abook of tickets tosell. Thereareonlyten in abook, so it wouldn't be much of a task.

Isn't the Spring weather lovely? On these beautiful sunny mornings Ifeel that I'dlike to wander around in the bush, pick flowers, and be absolutely lazy. Isn't it apity we all have so much work to do)

AUNT BESSY.

* * * *

Armadale.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find M for the Bushies, in honour of theSacred HeartandOurLadv.

THANKFUL.

DearThankful,—Youcan'tguesshow grateful Iam for your kind donation. Iamsure you will receive yourreward for your kindness.

AUNT BESSY.

Dumbleyung.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—This is the first time Ihavewrittento you.' Iliveon afarm and we have cows, sheep and horses,and alsosome fowls. Ireadin "The Record" about the cards, and I would like one, and would also like to be one of your nieces. It has been ratherwet uphereand there areholes all over the road. Iwill like writing to youand willsend youaletterevery now and then. Iam nine years' old and Iam lucky, because my birthday wasonVE-Day. Iam inIIIClass I cannotgo to school on account of the roads and the rain, and Iam now on correspondence We havegot apiano Iam learning to play. Ihave got a hike and Dad had tomake anew seat for it for the otherseat was awful. I mustsaygood-bye now, Aunt Bessy.

MARGARET WEST.

Dear \largaret,—I'm very pleased to welcome you to theCorner. I'm sure I'llbe looking forward to hearing from youeverynowand then. Isn'titacoincidence, Margaret, because my birthday was on VE-Dap, too. So perhaps we'll have aholiday now whenever we have abirthday. Do youusually ride your bike to school when the roadsare good,\largaret: Ihopethe new seat's comfortable,

AUNT BESSY.

Forrest-street, Kellerberrin. Dear Aunt Bessv,—This is to let yon know thatourprickcardshave not yet

Leuao/md(,,

Boltle

ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS. f s, d.

3 0 0

5 6

5 0

arrived. Iam enclosing apostal note for two and sixpence for five tickets in theraffle. Would you please enter them as"The Donovan Family," Kellerberrin. Haven't we had awonderful victory? There was agreat cele. bration here.' We had avictory car. nivalon thelawns forthechildren. I went as aRedCross Nurse and won a shilling. Some of the grown-ups were in fancy dress, too. There was abarbecquesupperonthe lawnsandVeronica and Igrilled ourselves achop. We also had coffee and cool drinks. We hope to have our Daddy home again soon now that the war is over. Our Uncle is on the way home from England. Wearelookingforwardtoseeing himagain,andalsotomeetingournew Irish Aunty, as he was recently married in Dublin. However, he is not able to bring the bride with him, but shewillcomeas soon aspossible. We are now enjoying afortnight's holiday, and the Bushies are having their holiday school at the Convent. To-day were took some flowers over to Sister and the Bushies thought we were four new ones. Imust tell you about our sweetpeas: they are six feet high, and some of the stems are eleven inches long and have three flowers on. I must say good-bye now.—Your loving niece,

.MARGARET DONOVAN.

Dear \largaret,—I don't know what could have hag)ened about the tickets this time. The Wet Blanket saysshe distinctlyrememberspostingthem,and though she fallsdownonthe jobsometimes, I'm sure they were posted this time. However, she's sent you acouple more to be on the safe side. I think she posted them with your five tickets. The Victory Celebrations were wonderful, weren't they? How nice to be able to look forward to seeing your new Aunty from Ireland. Iexpect she is looking forward to seeing Australiaand all her newrelationstoo. Iam very jealous of your sweetpeas, \largaret. When Ilived in the country Igrew some beautiful ones.(They must have been just like yours.), and thisyear Iplanted some more. They're very disappoingting, though, and I won't tell you their height for fear vou'll laugh at me like the Wet Blan. ket does. I'll have to lay the blame on the Perth soil.

AUNT BESSY. * * * r

CrassVallev.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am sendingyou lack the prick card, as it is filled in. Last SaturdavIwent to Northam with \lum and saw apicture called"Springtime in the Rockies." There hasbeen quite alot of rain here; it has clone a lot of good to our garden. Our fowls laid twenty eggs on Monday and thirteen on Tuesday. We have some,turkeysand littlechickens. \lum ismaking bread and buns to-day and also it yeastcake. \largaret isgoing tosend you alot of stamps soon. We have gotanicevegetablegarden.—Yourloving niece, LOTS RYAN.

Dear Lois,—Thank )-on very much. Did you enjoy the picture you saw in Northam? Ihaven't seen that one.

Ilow many fowls have you get, Lois? Then I'll he able to tell you whether they're good layers or n6t. Tell Mar. garet I'm very pleased to hear shers saving some stamps forme. AUNT BESSY. s r r

Gingin-road, Upper Swan.

DearAunt Bessy,—I have filled my prick card and world like another. I am ten years ofd and in IV Class. I amsending thecardbackwiththisletter. Ihave got two sisters and three brothers,Don, Pat, Ian,Bill and Kathleen. The flood has been coming up again. Iamthe youngestboy. Iwill close now till next week,—Yourwouldbe nephew, BRIAN.

DearBrian,—Iexpect youhave your prick card by now. Thanks ever so much forfilling the lastone. Do you ask anyofyourbrothers andsisters to help you collect the pennies? What subjects do you like best at school,

Brian? I'mhopingyou'llwrite tome again soon. AUNT BESSY.

14 Tuart-street, Sunbury.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please findthe ticketsand5s. P.N. Withlove.

THELMA FRAYNE.

Dear Thelma,—You certainly got your tickets sold quickly—Ithink I'll have to consider making you. "Aunt Bessy's Agent" for Bunbury. AUNT BESSY. e • e •

86 Kalgoorlie-street, Mt.'Hawthorn.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am returning the prickcardrwith2/6. Ihave had another3s. given to me,soIwill send it with this letter. Will you please send meacard for 5s. Iwill ask for

abookof raffleticketsat theoffice. I passed my term exam.in August this year. We also had our prize giving for last year's final termexam. Igot two prizes,one for Christian Doctrine and the other for being second in the class. We are j

on holidays for Oise week now.

JOE SUTHERLAND.

Dear Joe,--It'svery nice of you to send the 3s. that was given to you. Thankyou verymuch. Iexpectyou'll be able to sell the raffle tickets quicklywhen you get theb6ok. Lastyear all the tickets avere sold and requests were received for many more. Congratulations, Joe, for winning two prizes. flow did youenjoy yourholidays? AUNT BESSY.

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Newman'sVisionofPeace

Devotionto theOlessedSacrament and Our Lady

Matt Talbot oncewrote"The Kingdom of Heavenwaspromised tothose who have the spirit of little children." That spirit of little children is the characteristic note ofall who enterfor thefirsttimeintothejoyofOur Lord and take Himfor theirtrue Shepherd. Newman before his conversion and reception into the Church on October 8, 1845, was anxious, perplexed and lonely. Hewasseekingforrichpearls and had not yet found hisheart's desire. After be had knelt at Father Dominic Barberi's feet on that cold, drenching night in thepoverty of Littlemore,anew character comes over his life. There is awarmth andfeeling of.spring not known before.

In his new life, while still at home in England,Newmanfound theMaster Whomhehadlovedfor solong. Remember that he wasnowin his fortyfifth year,and remember, too, the many thingssaidofhimby thosewho meant no harm butunderstood so little; remembertheyearsof prayerand self-denial, of purposely sought obscur• ity and retirement, andone canunderstand how sweet itmust have beento hearOur Lordcallhimbyname.Who canforget that sentence in aletter to his friend, Henry Wilberforce, written afewmonthsafterhiscomingintothe "OnetruefoldoftheRedeemer"?

"I am writing next room to the Chapel. It is such an incomprehensible blessing to have Christ's bodily presence in one's house, within one's walls, as swallows up all other privileges and destroys, or should destroy, 9everypain. Toknowthat He isclose by—to be able again and again throughthedaytogoin toHim...:'

Again, inaletter from Milan, onhis journey to Rome after leaving Littlemore, he says, on September 24, 1846: "I could go into this beautiful Church (S. Fidelis'),with its polished tall pillars, and its smiling winning altar, all day long without tiring. And it is socalm ... thatit isalways,arest to themindto enterit. Nothing moves there but the distant glittering lamp which betokens tht: Presence of Our Undying Life, hidden but ever working;,thoughenteredintoHisrest."

Then, with Himself, Our Lord gave Newman and his companions everything else. They found warm, loving hearts among the English Catholics,in Dr. Wiseman and the friends4vhowelcomed them in their visits to the cen. tresof the Faith, at Oscott, and Prior Park and Old Hall Green. Everywhere Newmanspeaksofbeingreceived with the "most unaffected single-hearted kindness," and at Maryvale they continued for atime the life of prayer :vulstudywhichhadbeentheirwayat Littlemore. Leaving Littlemore may indeed have been likesetting out into somenewsea,buttheyhad with them after the long night, the fulnessofthe "blessed vision of peace:' Catholic France and Catholic Italy were no longer strange to them, but apart of that which would be theirs forever Every devotion was away of grace. Ambrose St. John tells Dalgairns the story of the journey from Langres to Bescancon and onwards, and mention, how,"Newmanand IstoppedataCrucifix and gained an Indulgence Ihope, which was written up in German on Domestic ProblemsSolved: By 6merlanBlueFlameStoves, AtW.A.Stove Co.,WellingtonstreekPerth. BW.

theCross." In Paristhey had visited the Jesuits, and Newman describes a new and beautiful experience. "We were ushered in, as into adrawingroom,,into so green and beautiful a garden, with refreshing trees on the lawn, and quiet figures stealing along the walks saying their office."

While in Rome, Newman's letters are full ofdescriptionsof the churches and the religious houses. He notes with joyhowtheysawthe Pope "and stood quite close to him," and how theyvisitedthis shrineandthat. They saw the relicsoftheSaints—where St. Ignatiusof Loyolasleptand where he wrote his Constitutions; their minds were filled with thoughts of St. Philip Neri and St. Francis Xavier and, way back across the years, those martyrs and first followers of Our Lord sleepingin theCatacombsand great Basilicas.

What they would do in the future wasnotclear. Whethertobe Orator. lans,or Dominicans, PassionistsorJesuits; this took time to decide. But for the present there was certainty and confidence of being able to do something, if only asmall thing, for, the Church in England.

The days at Propaganda passed in quiet study. Newman had "turned schoolboy" again. Every want was anticipated. Friendscame from England from time to time. The very architecture was asource of rest and consolation. The classical stvle,"those delicate yet rich interiors, which are like the bowers of paradise," seemed to Newman to be specially suited for the old and those who have seen enough of sorrow. When they were at Mass it was awonderful sight to see students from all over the world giving thePax.

"It is like Pentecost come again.

And some of them may, for what one knows, be martyrs....

Hisown firstMassheofferedon the Feast of Corpus Christi in 1847, and first in England on Christmas Day of the same year. His Holy Communion had already made him one with Our Lord. Now it would be fitting forhim to drink ofthechalice of Our Lord's Passion.

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