The Record Newspaper 05 September 1945

Chi*anqKai*mShek—Chwa'sVanoDestiny

Intimate Pen Portrait of a Appreciationof the Work of the Catholic Missions .. . UncompromisingAttitudeTowards Danger of Communism ­--

ByCASPARCAULFI'i3LD, in"The Sign.".

The thing that impressed me most about avisit with China's Supreme Commander was the contrast between what suchastate callmust havebeen like in the days of the empire, at Pekini, and the simple modernity and informalityofsuchanaudiencenowin much more democratic Chungking. During the year and ahalf of my residence at the Jesuit language college in Peking, Ioften visited the ancient home of China's emperors in the For. bidden City nearby. Walking over the white marble bridge-that curved over the moat outside. Iwould pass through the tremendous archway in theflamingredbattlements,thenalong the half-mile promenade to the throne room.-recreatingin my mind what the pageantry of avisit to the Imperial Majesty must have been like in the old clays.

Icould see the awestruck visitor from one of China'shumbler provinces being borne swiftly along the broad paths in achair, passing up the great dragon-carved stairways through mrger and yet larger halls until, stepping out on the white terrace before the great golden-tiled audience ch.rmher, he entered the presence of the Emperor sitting-on his peacock throne, andatoncebecamesoweakin thelegs that he could only fall to his knees and how his head to the pavement. That was China in her ancient days, beforethenew.

The visit which Bishop Cuthbert O'Gara, O.Y., paid on April ninth to the homeofPresidentChiang Kai-shek in Chungking, at the Generalissimo's personal invitation—an occasion on which Iwas privileged tobepresent— was the perfect contrast to the scene ihave described above. The invitation came by telephone and the visit got under way when General Wu Tehchen, Secretary General of the Kuomintang Party, had seated Bishop O'Gara, Ken McLaughlin, war photographer, and myself in his very mod. ern Buick.

We were whisked for athree-minute drive along Chungkingsupper Main

Street to the private drive that led to the

Generalissimo's home. Ken McLaughlin looked trim in his army uniform with the great insignia marked "War Photographer" on his shoulders.

Iwas clutching along white scroll which was ahand-drawnsketch of the "Gissimo" we intended to present for hisautugraph. TheBishopandIhad hunted the city for agift worthy of presenting to China's President, but finding nothing distinctive enough to offer,we went without it.

With adramaticstop the car pulled up in front of the President's home, a grey stucco building not unlike the home aprosperous doctor might have in America. Instead of broad promenades we walked up alittle hedgelined path. The only ceremonial hall we'passed through was the tiny waiting room where we deposited ourhats andcoatsandtheBishoplefthiswalking stick. At five-thirty on the dot

Visit to the Generalissimo

close-clipped and so nearly the colour of his skin that it was hardly notice• able. But the point about the Generalissimoof-whichIbecamemostconscious and which fascinated me throughout the interview was his eyes. The Gis. simo's eyes are full, live eyes, deep brownincolourandwideopen,sothat thereseems tobenolids toveil them, so continually alert and impressionable are they. His eyesspoke an inner self at the pitch of attention, de. spite hisquiet manner of sitting, with scarcely ever a gesture save to touchoncein awhileaflatgold fountain pen that just showed in his uniformpocket.

This full and smiling contemplation of his eyes was now turned upon Bishop O'Gara,and what he was saying. Protocol required that the interview be conducted in English, with General Wit servingasinterpreter: though Bishop O'Gara and Iunderstood clearly when the Generalissimo spokein Chinese, and, Ithink, the President followed most of what Bishop O'Gara said in English.

•

•

BISHOP.PAULYU-PIN aChineseBishop,attendedtheSan FranciscoConference.

we could hear the Canadian Ambassador, His Excellency, Victor Odlum, the visitor before us, making hisgood. byes.

\[vfirst glimpseofthemanwho has led China through eight years of war was of asmartly dressed, middle-aged soldier, standing at the far end of a long. Very modern, living room. We threadedourwaypastupholsteredarmchairs and sofas over the soft carpet, toreach him; and Icould nothelp re.

CHIANGKAISEES ` —"hasled Chinathrougheightyears of war."

fleeting that, save for some Chinese landscapes hanging on the walls and a few pieces of- unique Chinese-carved vases and bric-a-brac on the fireplace mantle and table tops, this was an American room.

The Generalissimo came forward to greet Bishop O'Gara, shaking hands warmly and voicing in Chinese his delight at meeting a Catholic bishop. Kenneth McLaughln and Iwere presented to His Excellency by General Wu Teh-then. \fy impressions of shakinghands with one ofthe world's great leaders was arather mixed-up jumbleofbeingconscious ofhisbrown serge uniform with its dully gleaming brass buttons, and avery kindly face above, fringed with aclosely cut crop ofsandyhairthatsuggested ahalo.

When the Generalissimo had seated Bishop O'Gara in what is the place of honour in China, the armchair at his left,and the rest of it ,

;had taken our places,Ibegan totabulateinmymind the specific differences of the genus "homo" that made up General Chiang K,i-shek. Inoticed his folded hands and habit of rolling his thumbs. I was interested'to observe the three stars on agold braid background on eachside ofhis collar that constituted hisonly insignia. Hismoustache was

The first part of the conversation was devoted to conveying to the GissimothegoodwishesoftheVery Reverend Father Provincial of the Passionists,in the nameofthe manyhundred members of thatCongregation in America. TheGissimoin turn thanked Bishop O'Gara fortheseexpressions' of good will, and wished the message tobe conveyed to Americaof hisown high esteem for the Passionists and their work in China. Bishop O'Gara likewise told the Generalissimo of the interest he had found amongst all classesofCatholicsinPresidentChiang Kai-shek's own person, everywhere he had lectured in the United States and Canada. China's Leader acknowledged this statement with the sparkle of his eyes, and the interjection,"How!" meaning "Goodl" "Good!" His replieswerespoken quicklyinfewwords, 'hut each resonant phrase a perfect and courteous summing up of his_ agreement.

At this point tea was brought by a servant boy in soldier's uniform, and placed before us in flowered Chinese cups with inverted saucers for covers. We did not sip this tea, for we knew well the canon of Chinese etiquette. When theGeneralissimoreachedforhis tea cup the interview would he over. Ken McLaughlin meanwhile had everything ready forhispictures.With theeyeofagoodphotographerhe had decidedwhatwere thehestshots; now he focussed his camera, paused long enough to catch evervbodv at rest,

(Continued on Page 13.)

.*TheCatholicAnswer'

C

EVERY SUNDAY EVENING FROM 9 P.M.

Indiscriminate or Obliteration Bombing is Immoral...

Noted Theologian States Catholic View of Atomic Bomb

All Nations Deserving of Censure Violationof Natural

Rightsof Non-Combatants

To-night Iwould like to treat at somelengthof aburningquestionthat is exercising the minds of all thinking peoplesince thefirst atomicbombwas dropped on Hiroshima some three tweeks ago. The morality of its use has since been discussed in the press of nearlyevery country, and hasgiven rise to many aheated discussion in trains and buses, in workshops and offices,androundmany afamily table.

Yet it is hardly an open question, and in order that Catholics at least may know where they stand in the matter, Iwould like to give you tonight the opinion of Australia's fore. mostauthorityonCatholicmoralteach.

ing, Monsignor Nevin, Professor of Moral Theology at St. Patrick's Col. lege, Manly.

(At the invitation of the "Catholic Weekly") he gives the following ans. wer to the question:"What should a Catholic think of the Atomic Bomb and its use?"

As Isetmyself tothis task, hesays, it looks as if the curtain is about to fall on World War II. On that fatal dayin 1939,whenthedogs of warwere unleashed on Europe, we held our breath. We peered with ghastly terror into the future. Doubtless, the most terrifying spectre that appeared on the horizon of the thoughtful was the possibility of indiscriminate bombing of the civil populations.

Today, as the war draws to aclose, that spectre is still before us,nolonger as apossibility, but as agrim reality.

Indiscriminate bombing can be said, Ithink, to have been begun systematically at Coventry-. Thenceforth with varying degrees of momentum, it in-

creasedinferocity tillaGerman broadcaster, after the bombing of Hamburg, could only exclaim: "Terror . terror... terror... pure, naked, bloody terror."

The climax w;as reached with the droppingoftheappallingly-devastating, atomic bomb on Hiroshima aweek or two ago. This startlingeventbecame head-line news of the daily secular press. Somedevoteesofscienceexulted at the discovery of one more of N'ature's secrets; therewasnoonewho did not stand aghast before the destructive possibilities of the new weapon.

As to the moral issue involved in the use of the new killer, writers were divided in opinion. Aleader-writerin the"Sydney Morning Herald," under the title"The Moral Issue of the Atomic Bomb," would seem to justify it—purely out grounds of expediency; others condemn it; the many, the silent, are, we are inclined to think, left just wondering.

The moment seems propitious for a dispassionate consideration, from the Catholic'point of view, of the whole problem. Ispeak, however, on my own responsibility, without pretence to being the mouthpiece of anyone or anything but myself. Drawing on the unchangeable principles of Christianmorality, Imerely set down what appears to me to be Christian teachingon this issue,what Ibelieve Catholic theologians will agree on, and what Ibelieve theChurchwill officially con. firm if, and when, she considers the time opportune for an official pro. nouncement on the matter.

The moral issue involved is not one

that has risen from the ruins and corpses of Hiroshima. It has existed since war began. It has been before our eyes in an acute form since the lastwar; it hasbeenemphasised to its limits in the present war. It has exercised the minds of all whose duty it is tocare for public morality,of whom the first is our Holy Father, the Pope. Itconcerns notonlythe useofatomic bombs; it concerns indiscriminate bombinginany form,the useof poison gas, or of any other lethal weapon againstnon-combatantsin timeofwar.

'And,whatIhavetosayon thisissue cannot be regarded as censuring, in particular, any of the belligerent nations involved in the present war. If anyone of them deservescensure, they all deserve it. They all have had recourse to, orwere prepared to have recourse to, indiscriminate bombing. Therefore, what applies to one applies to all.

Tobedispassionate, then,in hisjudgment, one mustnotallowhimselftobe unduly influenceii by what happened either in Coventry, Hamburg or Hiroshima. If he keeps these places in mind at all, he must not overlook, either, whatmay happen—whoknows?

—oneday in Sydney.

By indiscriminate,asopposed to precision, bombing, Imean the strategic bombing of industrial ce

nt res o

fpopulation, in which the target is not some definite military objective—factory, bridge, railway, etc—but alarge section of awhole city, including, by de. sign, the residential area of working nten and their families. And the question Ipropose to answer is this:

In modern warfare, is such indiscriminate, oras it now has rightly come to be known as"obliteration," hombing admissible at all according to Christianor natural ethics?

The question can also be put in this form:

Have non-combatants in warfare, as it is now waged, a nature-law-given right of immunity against direct attacks on their lives and property?

'fill recent limes, this right of im. manity was guaranteed them Lon paper at leastiby international late. It is not my purpose to deal with the question from this aspect. By now uceought tobe all sut3icientlw aware of the little notice that is taken of international commitments when war I)r.ks out or even when it seems ex. pedient.

In fact, the widespread disregard for such international treaties and obligations—amatter bitterly recalled frequently and recently by the present Holy Father—this disregard, I say, this international dishonesty, if Imay so describe it, is only all too symptomatic of the retrogression the modern world has made towards barbarism.

Neither, in my discussion, shall I confine myself to what the laws of humanity tell us on this problem. These are vague normsbasedmore or less on universal feelings,of what decency, fairplay, or an educatedhumansympathy demands. For instance, the use of poison gas in war is said to be against the laws of humanity, and of this, says Monsignor Nevin, from per. sonal experience in the last war, I have nodoubt.

Likewise, the spreadofdiseasegerms amongst

enemy combatants is said to be against the laws of humanity. And, if we are to give credence to what appears in the "Sydney Morning Herald,'* there is agrowing feeling in certain quarters in England that the use of the atomic bomb is inhuman, and its use a,mistake.

But,evenifwegrant,as we do,that all these things are against the laws ofhumanity,itisnotsoeasyto seeor to prove that, when used against enemy soldiers, combatants, they are against the law of nature. My purpose, on the contrary, is to try and find out what is the answer to our question from thepoint of view of the natural law, namely, from the point of view of the eternal law ofGod as im. posedon man bythe Divine Will.Considerations, based on international law, and the laws of humanity, are not excluded from my mind, but my main concern does not involve them.

Having thus cleared the ground, I propose to prove this general and unequivocal statement: Indiscriminate or obliteration bombing, as we know it to have been done in this war, is immoral, and it has violated the natural-law rights of non-combatants.

From Mount Sinai came forth one day thissolemnedict,"Thou shalt not kill." Ever since it has been funda. mental and axiomatic in morals that directly(i.e., intentionally) to takethe life of an innocent person is intrinsically wrong and gravely sinful. It is forbidden by theSupreme Rulerof the universe, God. Even thesupreme authorityin the State or in the Church has no right directly to kill aperson who,has done no wrong.

The direct killing of enemy soldiers in ajust war, however, has always Leen justified on the ground that they are not innocent, but tat least, mateei. ally) guilty. Thisdistinction between the guiltyand the innocentin war has never been abandoned by moralists, even when the terms"guilty" and "inno-cot" havebeenreplaced by thenow more commonly used ones, "combatant" and "non-comhatant"—terms which for convenience sake, I too, shall henceforth adopt.

There is unanimityin Catholic teaching to-day, as there was in the past, that it.sintrinsically- wrong, even in modern warfare, directly to kill the innocent, i.e., the non-combatants. The whole question, then, for aCatholic re-

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...

DirectKilling of the Innocent Always..Intrinsically

Wrong

Pope&Roosevelt Condemned InhumanityofAttacking Civilians

Voice of Mankind Opposes It Also Non-Military Targets Bombed

By Deliberate

solves itself into this: in acountry at war, who are the non-combatants in present-day warfare? Not an easy question to answer with precision.

\lore than one writer has endeavoured to justify indscriminate and o)literation lombing on the score that, nowadays, there arc no, or, at most, tLcre are only relativAy few non-cour l;atants in an enemy country. Hence, their conclusion, in theory and practice, that all the inhabitants in an enemy country are alegitimate target.

.1 better comment on this theory can hardly be quoted than the statement (probably inspired by the Pope) which appeared in an issue(September, 1939) of the "Osseryatore Ro. mano" to this effect:"Direct attacks on the civil population cannot be justifiedon the score that the entire civil population of anation at war has become combatant and, therefore, guilty. Even with the whole nation at war, the co-operation of the generality of men, women and childrenis not so immediate in time, place, or character as to give them the same essential status as active combatants in the field, on ships, or in the air."

An echo of this Roman statement could be heard about the same time from aman located as far away as Washington. Then—it wasbefore the United States entered the war—President Roosevelt sent these words to the ends of the earth over the air: "The ruthless bombing from the air of civilians in unfortified centres of population... which has resulted in the maiming and killing of thousands of defenceless women and children, has profoundly shocked the conscience of humanitv. If resort is had to this sort of inhuman barbarism . hun. dreds of thousands of innocent human beings, who have no responsibility for, and whoare not evenremotely participating in, the hostilities, will lose their lives."

These two voices, coming from sourccs so far apart, from two enlightened speakers of unimpeachable character, ought to be enough to convince anyone that common sense requires,"the conscience of humanity" requires that, even in modern warfare, we cannot overlook the nature-law-given rights of non-combatants who constitute aconsiderable section of the population in every enemy country.

And abetter confirmation of this truth can hardly be-desired than that which is unconsciously supplied bythe press in each enemy-country home, when its own population becomes the target of indiscriminate bombing.

Invariably, the press in each country sent up the cry: "murder," "outrage," anditgoes togreatpains toemphasise the churches, schools, and hospitals that were destroyed, and the women and children that were killed.

Thus, unwittingly, perhaps, at times, the public voice in each country at war hasgiven expression to the belief of humanity that,in spite of the altered conditions of modern warfare, the time-honoured distinction between combatants and non-combatantss forces itself upon us.

We cannot escape it simply because it iswritten inourhearts:"Thou shalt not kill." To judge by what some persons say, and by the tray they toss about, and play with, the tern "total. war," one would think that everything hasbeen changed since pastwars.

Design...

days have adirect part in the war, whereas, in the past (when non-combatants were immune from attack), civilians had nothing to do with the morale of the army, and contributed nothing towards the wareffort.

But amoment's thought would dis. pel such an illusion. In the past, as at the present, armies had to be supplied with foodandclothing,withguns and ammunition—and who supplied them if not the civilian population?

And yet, aware of this co-operation, international law, the theologians, the Church, the"voice of humanity," re. garded such civilians as non-combat. ants simply because their co-operation wasnot,bythecommon consentofhumanity, immediate and proximate enough to have them classifiedas combatants.

When was this all changed? Who changed it? The onus of proof of a departure from the status quo lies with the one who maintains there has beenachange. So farIhavenot discovered anyone who can supply this proof,and thus Ithink Ihave sufficiently disposed of the argument based onthe"total war"premise. Commonsense alone rules it out of court. It can still furtherbe discounted by an appeal to facts.

Admittedly, the conditions of war: fare have changed; admittedly. too, this change has made it more difficult accurately to draw the line between combatants and non-combatants.

It is evident, of course, that soldiers tinder arms arecombatants. It is not so easy to classify munition workers, labour battalions, and the like. But, even if we be disposed to classify all such as"combatants," it still remains true that, even in the conditions of modern warfare, avery large section ofacountryatwar,nay,'cven thelargest section, must be classified as non. combatants.

One has only to look around him to see it—the butchers, the bakers, the candlestickmakers,thetailors,theshoemakers, the milliners, the painters, the bankers, the brokers, the farmers, the retailers, the`undertakers, the postmen, the doctors, the dentists, the writers, the priests, the nuns, the teachers, the students, the nurses, etc., etc. etc., and the old, the women and the children.

All these, the vast majority of civilian population, in the conscience of humanity even to-day, have aright to he regarded as innocent non-combatants accordingto the natural law.And isay they constitute the vast majority of the population.

In proof of this, here are the statistics as Ifind them quoted for the U.S.A. The total population in 1914 was estimated at 135 millions: the armed forces at 11 mililons. This leaves acivilian population of 124 millions. Of these, agenerous estimate placed 31 millions doing warwork and in other essential services.

civilians when apurelymilitary target was attacked, this, because their death was not intended; it was mereIv incidental to the destruction of the target.

Can thesame be saidof the deathof non-combatants killed through systematic obliteration? Evidently not, for many reasons. It never occurred to me during the war that our leaders and strategists made any bones about admitting the fact that they intended directly to kill even civilian non-combatantsinthe enemy country,especial• Iv in his big, industrial centres.

And Ifeel sure that this is the impression, too, which the ordinary, unsophisticated reader of the secular daily press grathered from the statements of our political and military leaders. And, from the way in which the strategy was carried out, this impression is only too well confirmed.

Obliteration strategic bombing involved by design, as Ihave said, the destruction of the residential area of workingmenand theirfamilies.

Now, is it possible for the leaders, who developed and imposed this strategy, to say that they intended directly to destroy the homes without directly intending, too, to obliterate the families within the homes? Psychologically -and honestly, can they make such a distinction? Idon't think so.

In thenear, as we know it to have been waged, itwould be avery unreal and casuistical distinction in the worst sense ofthe term. To say that, when dropping abomb on aman's house, I intend only to destroy the fabric and merely permit the incidental death of themanwithin thehouse,issheer nonsense. The explosive missile will not be likely to respect such afine distinction—with equal impartiality, it will destroy both the house and the man within the house.

And, when we see awhole city, like Iliorshima, destroyed in amatter of seconds, who will have the effrontery to pretend that the direct intention was to destroy the military objectives or even all the buildings, while permitting asincidental the death of, probably, hundreds of thousands of noncombatants?

The reverse is what actually hap. pened—the whole city, with its thou. sands of(military) innocents, was destroyed directly; the military objective comprised only the fractional and incidental destruction.

Consequently, Ido not see how we canescapethe conclusion thatthis new strategy, the accompaniment of modern total-war, mustbe classified purely and simply as adirect and intended slaughterof the non-combatantpopula. tion of anation at war.

AndIdo not see how we canescape being forced to pass from this conclu-

sion to the other—obliteration bombing isimmoral,intrinsically wrong,and adirect violation of the Commandment, "Thou shalt not kill." And as Ipen this statement, Iam forced to the reflection—to what asorry pass has not theabandonment of the teachingof JesusChrist,by the nationsand their rulers, brought our eivilisationl bless the word. If we want to know it, here, really, lies the basic foundation of the obliteration bomb.

Two further brief remarks: In"the foregoing Iwas concerned only with the wide issue—the moral problem ire volved in systematic indiscriminate and obliteration bombing. Ihad not before my mind the moral problem involved for an individual bombardier ordered by his commander to set out on an obliteration-bombing expedition. That is adifferent question altogether, to be solved on its own merits, and on entirely different principles.

Finally, Iintimated, in the beginning, that the HolyFather hasnotyet expressly and specifically condemned obliterationbombing. It would be unfair to His Holinesswere Ito conclude this discussion, leaving my readers undertheimpressionthatthe Popehas not sufficientlymanifestedhis mind on this question.

To remove such an impression, if it exists, from the Pope's many statement Ichoose just this one. In 1941 hesaid:"We feel obliged to state that the ruthless struggle has at times assumed forms which can be described only as atrocious. May all belligerents, who also have human hearts moulded bymothers' love, show some feelingofcharityforthesickandaged, allofwhomareoftenexposedtogreat. er and more widespread perils of war than those faced by soldiers at the front. We beseech the belligerent Powers to abstain until the very end of hostilities from the use of yet more homicidal instruments of warfare; for the introduction of such weapons inevitablyresultsin theirretaliatoryuse, ofteniwith greaterviolence andcruelty by the enemy. If already we must lament the fact that the limits of legi. timate warfare have been repeatedly exceeded, would not the more widespread use of increasingly barbarous offensive weapons soon transform the war into an unspeakable horror?"

The belligerent Powers did not care to heed the paternal appeal. We know the result.

That is Monsignor Nevan's statementof the Catholiccase,and sincehe wrote it the Holy Father has, in fact, condemned outright the use of the atomic bomb.

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Were one to credit them, one would N

In other words, only one quarter of the whole civilian population had any direct connection with the prosecution of the war. The remainder, the twothirds, according to all hitherto recognised standards—humanitarian, moral and religious—must be classified as innocent non-combatants, and, therefore, by the same standards, immune from direct attack on their lives and property. Directly(i.e.. intentionally) to kill these people cannot be called by any other name than its own— murder.

think that almost all civilians nowa-

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But does obliteration bombing involve the direct intention of killing non-combatants? In previous times moralists could justify the killing of

...Vatican Rebukes Press Agencies

•Circulation of False Soviet Charges No Amends from the News Cartels

Free&ImpartialAccesstoInformation

The Vatican is not easily stirred to replytocalculatedandbaselessaccusations,ofwhich ithashaditsfullshare during the war years. Even the persistent attacks by Russia have, over alongperiod,failedtoprovokeit. Recently, however, the"Osservatore Romano"brokeitssilencewithavigorous rebuke to the United Press and Reuter'sagenciesforcirculatingallegations againstthe HolySee madebyMoscow radio and the Russian journalist, Melnikov.

Moscow's particular line of propagandaat themomentconsistsofaccusing the Vatican of manoeuvring for a seat at the Peace Conference, acampaign from which it has not been deterred in the slightest by the considerationthattheVaticanhasneveronce madeademandforsuchaplace. The purposebehindtheassaultis,ofcourse, to ensure as far as possible that the Vatican is not invited to the conference by the Western Powers, and the attack has been pressed home by theusualmethodofaccusingtheVaticanof"Fascist"sympathiesandofhay. ing supported the regimes of Hitler andMussolini,

Spurious (Allegations.

Had thesespuriousallegations been confined in their promulgation to the 6oviet press and radio, the"Osserva. tore" would probably have taken no noticeofthem, butas theyhave been flashed throughout the world by the twoagencies, the Vatican paperhasis-

sued arejoinder and challenged the agenciestocirculateit.

"Ifitistrue,"saysthe"Osservatore;' "that—asthe Communistorgansassert —theVaticanisengagedinacampaign to secure aseat at the peace conference, let themproduce documents to proveit. Ifsupport wasgiventoHitler, was some agreement signed? Certainly there was a Concordat. But Concordats were signed with demo. cratic nationsas well; and,apartfrom this,itwastheGermanConcordatalone that was followed by aPapal docuwentof so seriousanature asthe Encyclical, Wit BrennenderSorge.''

"Help to Mussolini? There could hardly have been any, since Mussolini himselfdidnotrecogniseit. Itisalso wellknown that when Fascism was at theheightofitspower,itwascondemnxl by an Encyclical.- It is equally known that the'Osservatore Romano' itselfwasdenouncer]asanti-Fascistand that Milan radio, when in the hands of Mussolini's supporters, spoke of the Vatican's post-war plansas favouring theCommunists.

-"Did the Vatican favour theFascist nationsduring the war? Whichones, whenandwhere? Wherearethedocuments?

Ifthereever'wassuchacampaignby theVatican,letthem furnish proofs. Andunlesstheyfurnishproofs let decent people give no credence to such slanders.

"It now rests with the correct and efficient information services of U.P. and Reuter to circulate this reply to theattackswhichtheyhavepublished."

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NoAmends.

Up to the time ofwriting, the two agencies have made no move to make the amende demanded, but Moscow radio hasattempted areply. And in this reply one has an excellent opportunityofjudgingofthehonestyandof the substance of Soviet propaganda.

Themainissue, aswill beseen from above, isthe questionof the Vatican's attemptto secureaplace atthe peace conference. The "Osservatore" asked for proofs. Moscow radio has just ignoredtherequest,having,ofcourse,no proofs to give. The "Osservatore" mentioned the"\titBrennenderSorge" Encyclical.All thatthe Moscow speakerwasable tosayabout thiswas that it was a"mild" one. Yes, it was so "mild" ,

that the German Government suppressed it at once,andCatholicAction volunteers had to risk their lives and liberty to distribute it—at night and by motor-cycle—throughout the parishes. And it was "mild," Isuppose, to describe Nazism, as the late Holv Father did, as "the arrogant apostasy from Jesus Christ, the denial of His doctrineand of His workof redemption, the cult of violence, the idolatry of race and blood, the overthrow of human liberty and dignity."

On the issue of Vatican support to >Iusolini, the Moscow spokesman once again ignored the demand for proofs and merelyadded to hisfantastic alle• gationsby saying that"the Pope publiclyexaltedMussoliniasthemansent by Providence and congratulated him on the conquestof Abyssinia." Feeble Charges.

He then accused Northern Italyprelates of supporting Fascism, naming Cardinal Schuster and the Bishop of Udineasthechiefculprits. Butallhe could bring against Cardinal Schuster was the charge that"he ostentatiously tookpartinthefuneralofcriminalFascists dealt with by patriot justice."

Hehadnochoicebutadmitthathun. dreds of Italian priests have been exe. cuted or imprisoned for their support to the Resistance movement,but even thisfactheturnedasaweaponagainst the Vatican by saying that, in siding with the patriots, the clergy's attitude was "contrary to the poliev followed for 2

20 yearsby theVatican."

Finally, he accused the Vatican of persecution.

"The Vatican,"he asid,"is giving its smpathies and support only to reac. tionaries and Fascists, while all Vaticanattacksandpersecutions areagain. st democrats and anti-Fascists."

The following is the textofaresolutionadoptedbythenationsoftheAm. ericasattheinter-AmericanConference atMexicoCity,whichprecededtheSan Francisco. No publicitywas givento itintheAustraliandailypapers,which aretied up in theInternational News Cartel. .And nothing was heard of it inthereportsoftheSanFranciscoConference. The struggle for control of the newschannels of theworld is carriedonbehindthescenesandtheprospectsoffreedom ofinformation areby no means promising.

"Whereas: It is the firm desire, repeitedlyaffirmed bythe American Republics,toassure apeace thatdefends andprotectseverywherethe fundamental rights of man and permits all peopleto livefree from the evilsoftyrannp, oppression and slavery;

'Theprogressofmankinddependson thestipremacyoftruthamongmen;

"Truth is the enemy of tyranny, ahicb cannot exist where truth prevails, so that those who would erect tvrnoies are constrained to attempt it ,

suppression, or to raise barriers againstit:

"Freedom of communication of thought,oralas well as written, is the esscntial condition to the development

of awatchful public opinion through• out theworldtoguard againstany attempt of aggression;

"One of the most harmful methods that has been used by the totalitarian governments, contrary to the dictates of humanity, is to isolate their own countries from the influence of foreign information, depriving them of access to,andexactknowledgeof,theinternal situation existing in othercountries;

"Itisoneofthefundamentallessons ofthe,presentworldwarthattherecan benofreedom,peaceorsecurity,,where men are not assured of free access to the truth through various media of publicinformation.

"The Inter-American Conference on problems of war and peace recommends:

"(1) That the,American Republics recognise their essential obligation to guarantee to theirpeople free and impartialaccesstoinformation;

"(2) Thatwiththisassuranceinview theyundertake,upontheconclusionof the war, the earliest possible abandon. ment of those measures of censorship. and of control over the services of pressandradio,whichhavebeennecessary in wartime to combat subversive political tactics and espionage activitiesoftheAxisStates:

"131 That the governments of the American Republics take measures individually and in co-operation with oneanothertopromoteafreeexchange of information amongtheirpeoples;

"(4) That the,American Republics, having accepted the principle of free access to all forms ofinformation,will do everything possible to assure that when ajudicial order in the world is guaranteed, there be established the principleoffreeemissionandreception of news and information; oral or writ. ten,publishedinbooksorbythepress, broadcastby radio ordisseminatedby any othermeans, underproperresponsibility and without need of previous censorship, telegrams, or tommunica. tionsinany.?ormintimeofpeace."

Dominican Sisters Celebrate St. Dominic's Day

Ceremony of Final Profession.

According to time-honoured custom, the Feast of their Holy Father, St. Dominicwasagain celebratedthisyear luy the Dominican Sisters at"The Priory;" Dongarra, with-a High Mass. Rey. Father O'Connor was celebrant, Rev. FatherSpaindeacon,Rev. Father Schafer sub-deacon, Father,Flaherty M.C., whilst the Senior Choir from the College very ably attended to the choral portions of the Mass. Rev. Monsignor Irwin was present in the Sanctuary.

Following immediately after the MasswasaFinalProfessionCeremony, when Sister MaryGabriel(MissTeresa Barden) and Sister Mary Michael (Miss Patricia Ryan) made their Per. petual Vows to the brother Prioress General.

Although old in the history of the Order, this ceremony is always new and spiritually significant-to those who witness it again., In these days of turmoil and strife, it is more than upliftingtosee two younggirls,on the threshold of life, so earnestly consecrate their lives to the service of Our Divine Lord in Hisvineyard.

Asboth Sisterswere ex-pupilsof the College and had previously resided in the Diocese, the ceremonyheld avery special interest to the senior girls of the College whoattended.

Avery interesting sermon was afterwarjs preached b}- Rev. Father Spain, when he explained the spiritual meaning of the ceremony and compared it with the life of the average person in the world today.

Later the clergy and guests, Mrs. Barden, Master Teddy Barden, Mrs. Bennett and the Misses Ilovell, were entertained at adejuener by Mother PrioressGeneral and the Sistersof the Community.

Wanted :ACrusadeAgainst Hate

True Justice Distinguished From Mob Emotionalism

' BYADA\I MARSH.

[low o-trange, incomprehensible and oftenpreposterousisthismodern world of ours.

Twenty centuries of history and experience have given iteveryreason for politicaliwisdom. Long generationsof culture have enriched and tempered it. Science has built into it aformidable social excellence. The laws of all countries and all ages have civilised it—and it celebrates peace in a spiritualchaosmainlymade upoGblind hate.

The world we know emerged from the red mists of paganism those twenty centuries ago when aclear, sane Voice cried:"Love one anotherl Love your neighbour as yourself"—simple and tremendous sentences that cleansed and regenerated the earth.

'1'o-da_vitfindsitselfat theend ofits biggest and bitterest war in what Mr. Churchill admits is a condition of "frightful confusion," with totalitarian forces still bent on defying the very principles that went to war to destroy them; with small countries not only freed but actually being handed over

Corvirver-Maher V/Yed'Ahns

in chainsto powerpolitics; withmany of the"best" minds, even in the victor countries, ready to take advantage of the situation and clamp State-control on those who fought against it: while, over all, the armchair "maquis" bay like hounds across Europe calling for more shootings, more hangings and more blood.

Such is the rich harvest of our glorious progress since the day when the message of that Voice began to be stifled by the growing cult of hate.

Here Imust deal with the"Church is pro-Fascist" retort, that willarise as inevitably as pregsing Button'A, from the above remarks.

To condemn blind hate is not to be pro-Nazi. Archbishop Downey, in his brilliant Victory Day address, left us in no doubt that"it isno part of the Christian ethic to condone war criminals or let aggression go unchecked and unpunished." justice is required for the innocent who suffered, no less than to"make it clear to those ofthe earth earthy that, in their own idiom, aggression does not pay."

Hateofevil, hate of wrong doing or done is right and proper, but it must beahateinspiredbyjustice, notblind unrecking passion, which is the negation of, indeed, the destroyer of justice. "Itistrue that evilmustbe resisted and the evil-doer must be punished," declared Archbishop Williams, but, also:"No permanent peace Twill evercomefromthespiritofhatredand revenge."

He indeed,told uswhy. Blindhate istoo easy. True justice,letit be as stern as the occasion demands, calls for gravity, character, balance. This newspaper-headline-bate is vamped-up stuff, mere mob emotionalism. You can always get the crowd to shout "Barabas'1 Anybody can shout, tear downanddestroy,but tobuild strongly takes time and needs thought and responsibility.

More, in giving way to bate at this momentweareactuallysupportingone of the great forces this war set out to defeat. Hate has longceased tobe a natural human passion; ithasbecome the deliberately used toolofthosewho wanttoget"quickresults"forpolitical or social ends. You have only to enflame the mob and you can sweep away opposition with aruthlessbrutality that reason or right cannot check. Marx, Lenin, Hitler and their disciples have used this simple knowledge with amastery thathasnearlywrecked our

Awedding of interest to Goldfields people was solemnised at St. Mary's Cathedral op August S' when Monica \tay, daughter of Mrs. P. Maher, of Poulder, was married to\fr Robert ('onner, also of Boulder.

Nuptial\lasswascelebratedby Rev Father Brennan, of Osborne Park (formerly of Boulderl.

Thebride, wholookedcharming, was given awav by her brother,\Ir. Chris Maher She wore a lovely trained porn of white embossed crepe. The

veil waq held in place by acoronet of orange blossom and tiny petals of tulle. She carried asheafofexquisite roses. The bridesmaid, Miss Sheila Fitzgerald, chose afrock of fuschia crepe with matching veil of tulleand flowers. The bridegroom was supported by Lieut.\fort Ryan as best man.

Miss Moran presided at the organ, and 11isq Dunn rendered appropriate solos.

The reception was held at Keogh's Hall, where Ilrs. Maher received the guests. Rev. Father Brennan was chairman. Theusual toasts were honoured. The happy couple received manv congratulations and telegrams of good wishes, as well as ahost of beautiful presents.

Mr and \frs. Conner intend making their home in Perth.

world. And theirkind meanto go on using it—unless theworld resists.

And we can resist. We are beginning to resist: For it is also true that this"swindle hate," like all the other synthetic principles of materialism, is beingfoundout. People in thiscountry and in America are already rebelling against it Refusing tobecarried away by mere shouting, they are examining, criticising and resisting injus, tices that rely merely on mob backing In this countryone of ournewspapers has been honest and courageous enough to report that 70 per cent. pfitslettersfromreadersexpresseddisgust at a certain widely publicised "hate incident."

The native decency of,man emerging from the strain and confusions of warisregainingamorewholesomeoutlook. The Church knows this. Our Bishops know it. That is why they urgeustomakethemostofouropportunityofspreadingtheleavenofChris tian sanity among souls who, having found materialism wanting, are seeking more satisfying foundations upon which to build the new world.

Again and again they show us that this is our particular contribution to the future well-being of the world. "The campaign for world peace must begin in our individual souls," Archbishop Downey declares. "Each of us, by thinking rightly and by fearlessly making known his or herviews, can see to it that public opinion is correctlyinformedandproperlymoulded."

Mere, in fact, is our particular and personal Crusade. Let us set our faces against mob hate, let us recall the clear, sane command, "Love one another," and let each of us bind our. selves by asolemn and interior pro• mise that in our own sphere and in every way we are able, we will play our part in buildingaPeaceofjustice andcharity.

And let us not hesitate. There is no time to lose—the Crusade)

is 6 readyonthemarch. Enrol yoursoul now.

Aman returned tohisnative village after beingaway for thirty years, and knocked on the door of his sister's house.

"hallo, Mary." he said, when his sister opened the door. "I'm your bra. ther Fred."

"Well, what do you want?" she asked crossly.

THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS

"Deus Meus et Omnia."

The-ntonthly meeting of the Third (Order of St. Francis was very well attended. The Director, Rev. E. McBride, read to the assembled tertiaries the conclusion of an interesting letter from Brother Jerome, T.O.S.F.(Monsignor Hawes, at present amissionary in the Bahamas). Itgaveanaccount of the little church of St. Francis he hadjustbuilt thereandwhichisbeing donated by the tertiariesof Perth and VictoriaPark. Shouldany,others feel interested in this work details can be obtained from the Secretary of the Franciscan Club, Bon Marche Buildings, Barrack-street, Perth.

Father McBride then spoke of the Retreat to be given, commencing on the Feast of St. Francis, October 4. Furtherdetailswill appearinthese columns at alater date.

Onenewmemberwas received(Mrs. Ramsay, under name of Sister Veronica), and three others signified their wish for reception.

Father McBride conferred the Papal Blessing and gave Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.

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If

Rev. Brother O'Dowd, Superior of Castledare Orphanage, was present having been invited to speak on the comingField Day to be held there. In reference to his talk all tertiaries are askedto help on thatday,October 14, andbefore, in preparation, and should they wander down Beaufort-street, Mt. Lawley, and look into the window of D. Watt, Newsagent, 668 iBeaufortstreet, they might be tempted to take tickets in the huge six-foot Christmas stocking they will see there,as araffle tohelptheboys.

The community concert, given last Wednesday, August 29, at Highgate was very successful, and proceeds will go to increase the Third Order Stall finances. Brother tertiaries are particularlyrequested to help in the erectionof the stall, etc., on the preceding Saturday.

Bro. Prefect received satisfactory reports of the knitting guild and Franciscan Club. The President of theClub mentionedsomeinteresting"talks' that had been given at the Thursday luncheons, one especially by Mr. F. A. Atkinson, on the troublesome subject of "Gold." Another by a member (who had known him long years ago) on the Hermit, Rev. Charles de Fou. cauld.

vonel Lobstein, language master at St. Louis College, Claremont, will talk on France.

Directors Ltd. Comply strictly with every requirement of Catholic Ritual. The quiet dignity and reverence of services under competent Catholic supervision afford consolation in the hour of sorrow. Night and Day Service. Moderate Fees. 379 Hay St., Perth (near St. Mary's Cathedral). Phones: Business, B8616; Private, B8623, B5496. KNOW

HOUR FAITH SERIES

City Commercial College Sheffield House, 713-21 Hay Street, Perth

BY

of Charity Impedes God's Grace

When we ask our Heavenly Father to giveusour"daily bread," the necessary bread for the day, this embraces all the means of life here below, and all the means'in preparation for everlasting life. It means whatever He knows we may have to our temporal and eternal advantage combined; for if, in His infinite knowledge, which embraces the future with the present, the possiblewiththe actual, Ileknows that something which appears good to its would really turn out to our hurt, He will not grant it, just as we must he presumed not to include it in our petition. We get, ifnotwhat appears good, that in its stead which will be far better. If we seek first the Kingdom of God and His justice, all those other things which are in place for us will be added theretutto.

But in the fulness of our filial confidence, looking in faith towards our Father in heaven,-we cannot forget that we have had Adam for father on earth. We carry his infirmities; the divine treasure of sanctification we carry in earthen vessels. In iniquity were we conceived,and in sinsdid our mothersconceive us. Thememory of Dur failings must not be effaced from our minds. There is aholy fear inseparable from the all-holyGod. We never come pure enough before His face. And hence we entreat Him to "forgive us our trespasses;" to pardon us our sins, and we promise to do our utmost in pardoning from our hearts everyonewho has doneus wrong. Here we go even farther than apromise to help our neighbour. It is far easier for flesh and blood to go to trouble, andgreattrouble,onbehalfofonewho has done us no wrong than to root from our hearts thatfeelingofrevenge which our nature calls for from those whowe imagine have wrongedus.This shows that in our Christian regeneration we have indeed put on a new creature, and that we are now capable of crushing even some natural tendenciesin our old selves. What God has done for us by His sanctifying grace Iledesires to do for allothers, and we know not who is worthy of love or hatred. In obedience to His general dispensation, we must crush out here below all selfish hate, and so prepare with Him the consummation of frtter. nal love. If Irise from my knees after my "Our Father" with deliberate and cherished hate, or jealousy, or intentionofhavingrevenge,ahI thenmy prayer has been as that of the hypo. crites denounced by Our Lord; pretending to honour God with mylips, I havehad my heart far from Him. Perhaps awant of Christian charity accounts for most of the prayers neglected. But let us bear this golden rule well in mind: when we are most dis. turberl by temptation or passion, that is just the time in which we ought especially to fly to God in prayer. Suppose you are yen• much hurt by a slight or an injury to your character, nrin yourproperty. As adescendant of Adam, you are very naturally pained, and inclined to revenge. It is not simply a question of self-defence, which is quite lawful, norof self-vindication. You have aright to your good name and to your property. It is the spirit, the personal hate, that bitter root of malice which springs up within the heart. Well, just then, of all times, we ought to say and repeat to our Father in heaven: "Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us-" He will forgive us many atrespass for thebraveeffort we are making towardsforgiving them that trespass against us. And the temptation will subside, and we shall

taste somewhat of the delight of heavenly peace.

"God is not atempterof evils," and this declaration of Holy Scripture is self-evident. Between God and sin there is set an abyss of opposition. When weaskGod "not tolead us into temptation," we do not mean that we think it possible He should ever be the author ofsuggestionstosin forus. Weunderstandherebytheword temp. tatidh what it very often means in Scripture, namely, trial. And surely man's life in this world is a life of trial. It is alife which, from the wakinghoureach morningtillwe close our eyes in slumber at night, is con. stantly exposed to friction of all sorts anddegrees from menand things, and the various play of all human circumstance. This is our natural lot; we have to move along with amultiform life-current, which bears us on its bosom, and dashes and chafes us against countless obstacles. We have aches of the flesh and aches of the mind; and, asifoursurroundings were not enough to minister tribulation to us,we oftenemployourowningenuity in creating torments that are not the less oppressive for being but phan. toms of our own creating. Now, we all know how hard it is to be even. tempered under such astrain, and we know, too, that ill-temper is not conducive to moral or spiritual health anymore than itis to physicalhealth. But our Creator and the Creator of thisuniverseisourFatheralso, andas beloved and confiding children we ask Him tointerpose onourbehalfby His kind providence, and so combine and adjust all these pressing trials,so temper the wind to the shorn lamb, that we may not get discouraged under theirbrunt,nor weaklyget disappointed with God's promises, which has often been the bane of souls; we ask Him, in aword, to make withtemptation issue in our behalf. And God is constantlydoingsoforus. Many and manyatime we should have succumbed under trial were it not for God's protecting arm, which rescued us in time. For Ile does more than mitigate the force of trial; He actually saves us from harm; above all, Ile de. liversusfrom theever-renewedattacks of the wicked one, the primeauthorof all harm, temporal and eternal.

GraceatMeals.

It is asad pity if the time-honoured though not strictly obligatory custom of Christians, Protestant as well as Catholic, of saying"grace" before and after meals,either privately or in common, should be rapidly dying out in society.

How far it is expedient -

non-Catholic tables or in public diningrooms will depend largely upon actual circumstances. But to omit this acknowledgment of God's providence universally, on the general supposition that"people will think it so peculiar," seems to be little better than "blaming upon others'—to use the popular phrase—our own cowardly human respect. Besides, it may often happen that what will appear more "peculiar" (in aknown Catholic) is the omission. Still, there is never anv need to make the largest sign of thh Cross,that the length of our right arm can compass.

Catholic Writers'Movement Provides Intellectual Contact

Meeting the International Challenge of Secularism

"To Restore Christ to Culture"-

llyJAS.M.IYOBBIE.

ChristopherDawson,ayear or two ago, wrote aletter toSisterMaryJoseph, thefounderoftheGalleryof Living Catholic Writers,and in the letter were these words:

"The time has come for more intellectual contact between Catholics. We need an international culture to meet the international challenge of secularism."

But evenbefore this letter waswritten, Catholic writers had decided that the time had come forjust suchanintellectual contact as is mentioned by Mr. Dawson.

During the National Eucharistic Congress at Wellington, New Zealand, in 1940, ameeting was held at which many prominent Catholic writers from Great Britain,Australia and New Zealand were present. The outcome of the meeting was the establishment of the Catholic Writers' Movement (New Zealand).

In apamphlet published by the New Zealand body,"Catholic Writers and Readers," by John C. Reid, M.A., the C.W.M. is explained as being "an association of Catholic writers to promote aknowledgeofCatholic doctrine and literature, and to foster Catholic thought and action," with "the development and encouragementofCatholic writing,and the counter•acting of influences which misinterpret the teaching and pronouncements of theCatholicChurch."

In order, then, to encourage Catholic writing and counteract the influences mentioned, the MINI. in New Zealand began its campaign by publishing, in additionto the above, pamphletsaslistedbelow:—

"The Soviet Dictatorship;" by Max Eastman, reprinted from the New York "Reader'sDigest."

"War and Depression," outlining the answer to such problems.

New Zealand FacesDisaster,"byRev. Father J. D. Buist, C.SS.k, from a radiosermononBirth Control,Abortion,etc.

"The Cross, the Devil, and Hitler," by "Christopher Penn," telling the story of the Nazi attempt to crush and to annihilate Christianity.

.In June, 1944, the Catholic Writers' Movement was set up in Brisbane, in the State of Queensland. It began with amembership of fourteen. By the time the first annual meeting was held in 1945, the number of members had almost reachedthe 100mark.

The C.W.M. inQueensland is busv "roundingofftheedges" of itsownor. ganisation,and at the same time enleavouring toset up the Movement in other Australian States.. Representatives working to accomplish such expansion are Mrs. A. D. Baker, in Tflsmania, and Miss Josephine Parer, in Melbourne, Victoria.

The motto of the Catholic Writers' Movement (Australia) is: "Restore Christ to Culture." Christ, as God andman,cametoearth toredeemand toestablishthegreatestCulturalmove• 7 tr

ment the world hasever known. He wasthe greatestpreacher, thegreatest teacher, the greatest philosopher, the greatest psycholobist, the greatest scientist, the greatest of the great; yet there are those who have tried to thrust Him out of their philosophy, theirscience, their teaching, their very life.

Restoring Christ to Culture, with a capital"C," isahappy taskfor all of uswho claimtobe"Catholic."

The first booklet published by the Queensland committee waswas

"Pen, title and Philosophy;' which of atalk given by the Movement's Spiritual Director, Rev. Father P. J. McGoldrick, B.A. Approximately 2,000 copies were sold.

In attempting to further the work of the apostolate, the C.W.M. has es. tablishedanannualEssayAward,competed for by literary-minded students at Catholic Secondary Schools in Queensland. There is also an Australasian University Essay Award, run in conjunction with C.W.M., New Zealand. The student writer who presents the best,of all essays runs off withaprize of£1515s., which issomething at which even ajournalist like Iwouldn't sneeze. Encouragementof young writers,then, isseen to be one of themostmissionaryof theC.)

W.M.'s aims.

Several addresses by prominent speakers are given during the year.

One, as already mentioned, was published. His Grace, the Most Rev. J. Duhig, D.D., Archbishop of Brisbane, delivered an interesting lecture on Faith and Science to an appreciative gathering. His Grace was so appreciative of it himself that he is having it published in pamphlet form. The Rev. Father 13. O'Brien,S.J., from Con pas Christi College, Werribee, Victoria, gaveone of themostdelightfully comprehensive talks Ihave ever heard when he spoke on the Poetry of Roy Campbell. The talk, highlighted by excerpts from the poetry of Campbell when ascoffer of religion and when lateraconverttotheChurch, provided as complete and.unparelleled acharacter kev as has ever been given to the public.

C.W.M. in Queensland is now preparing to launch out as apublishing firm —strictly limited—and its publication has been christened"View." A view of Literature, Artand Culture, in general. all nvith capital letters; aview of secularsubjectsas seen through the eyes of the "Romans," as we are so often called.

Associations such as the U.S.A. Catholic PressAssociation are doinggood work: but there is no world-wide cohesion. TheCatholic Press in Austra. lia needs alot of help from we "secu. larites." Therefore, at the first international Congress held after the war (sooner, if possible), the C.W.M. will set up world headquarters either in Britain or the U.S.A. The Movement, however, needs the support of readers as well as writers, no matter where they are—England, Scotland, Canada, America.

The Catholic Writers' Movement is advancing in sure stages. It receives "mostofitssupport,actively,inQueens. land and in New Zealand. And it has also been accorded notice by the Catholic PressofAustralia. And Most Rev. Dr. Gummer, Bishop of Geraldton, Western Australia, has written appreciatively of the'Movement.

But the C.W.M. will simply gallop along if it receives the support of Catholic writers and readers the world over, it will then prove to be one of the most potent factors in the renais. sance Catholic, in the implementingof themotto,"RestoreChristtoCulture."

NewbooksplacedintheLibrarythis week include:

13RICKS UPON DUST. PaulTabori. THREE MEN IN NEW SUITS. J. B.Priestley.

THE MIKADO'S GUESTS. A. Ban. croft and R.G. Roberts. SCARLET & GREY. (Letters of Army Sisters).

CAN IFORGET YOU? Anne Maybury). PARNELL. Abiography by Joan Haslip.

THEGRAND PARADE (Lancaster). And we arepleased toannounce the arrival of the following books for the Book Department:

WITHINTHE CIRCLE. Abeautiful portrait oftheArcticwithmanyfine illustrations. Something unusual. 16/Five of the popular Jeffrey Farnol books:

SIR JOHN DERING, THE LORING MYSTERY, THE MONEY MOON, ANOTHER DAY, and THE WAY BEYOND.

BRICKS UPON DUST: Paul Tabori's latest novel, is one of outstanding charm, and AlexanderKorda bought this story in manuscript in order to make the film. Price,9/-.SWITZERLAND AND THE ENGLISH. By Arnold Lunn. 24/3. Afew of H. V. Morton's old favour. ites:—

ISAWTWO ENGLANDS. 15/6. INTHESTEPSOF ST.PAUL. 16/-. MIDDLE EAST. 10/-. INSEARCH OFWALES. 16/6. THROUGH LANDSOFTHE BIBLE. 16/9.

THE WIND IN THE WILLOWS. By Kenneth Graham. Afew copies of this delightful book, large size, andillustrated. 16/9.

Also FIRST WHISPERS OF THE WINDANDTHEWILLOWS.9/6.

Alovely miniature of G. K. Chesterton's ST. FRANCIS OF `ASSISI. 3/2.

THELASTOFTHE MOHICANS.3/LITTLE WOMEN AND GOOD WIVES (Everyman's). 4/6.

PRIDE AND PREJUDICE, By Jane Austen. An ususually cheap editionwithgoodbinding. 4/6.

NEWSTOCKSOFMED1AI•: St. Christopher.... 6d. each Little Flower...... 6d.each. HolyCommunion .. .9d.each. Confirmation .. .. 9d. each. SacredHeart.... 1/6 each. Miraculous 6d.-each. And HOLY PICTURES, in delicate colouririgs, black and white and picture-prayer cards. Prices Id., 2d.,3d., and 4d. each.

MOTHER OF PEARL ROSARIES, 12/, to 18/6. MISSALS, from 2/9 to 18/-.(Sunday Missal inEnglish only).

SPRINGTUdEARRIVES.

September heralds the arrival of Spring—achange of season. For many peopleluckwill changeduringSeptember. Alucky person with aticket in the No. 275b Charities Consultation can win£2,000.

Paints!Enamelised and Aluminium, nowavailableatHassell'sStore,comer Wellington and Queen Streets,Perth,

ZIMPEL'S T'OYS—(%Bose eaA

41 Established 1574.

OfficialOrgan of the Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressall communications to the Editor, Box A35, G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH. TELEPHONE: B6950 I

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, SGI'TE\IBE-R 5, 19-15.

Ignoring Fundamentals

Perhaps one could seek no better illustration of the tragedy involved by the Secularist ideal of the separation of the spiritual from the temporal and of the exclusion of moral principles from public life and legislation, than the current discussions about disrupted marriages between Australian girls and Allied servicemen. It is considered political realism to approach social problems from the premiss: "Things being as they are." But this outlook omits two essential considerations—firstly, that most, if not all, of our social problems are essentially moral at base. and, secondly, that the attempt to deal with effects rdther than with causes is, of its nature, stop-gap legislation, and therefore ephemeral. Where a problem is basically moral, it is sorely short-sighted to essay to deal with it sheerly on the showing of its legal effects. While to ignore the radical nature of problems is to confess to ineptitude, cynicism and the failure of secular education. It is precisely the lack of fundamental principles and the courage to apply them socially, that marks off forever the politician front the statesman.

In the press reportb of discussions off

the question of uniform divorce legislation, there is not so much as ahint that any prutciple of morality is involved, nor that any uniformity is possible without equating to the lowest contnnon denominator. All this is very disheartening, although it roust be remarked that asocial stigma still attaches to divorce, even among people who do not profess the Christian doctrine regarding the indissolubility of marriage. The words of Pope Leo X111., written in 1880, are invested by modern developments with :-prophetic significance. "Divorce once being tolerated," wrote the Pope, "there will be no restraint powerful enough to keep it within the linlits fixedR

or foreseen... . So south as the road to divorce began to be made smooth by law, at once quarrels, jealousies. and judicial separations largely increased; and such shamelessness of life followed that men who had been in favouf of these divorces repented of what they Karl .tone, and feared that, if they did not carefully seek aremedy by repoaling the law, the contntonwealth it.,

elf might suffer disaster." in the present instance those who are clamouring for this further relaxation of the tnarria ,

, ,

ctie are at the same time deprecating rilything which would bring the marriage bond into conrtennpt. rttrt thev cannot horn the candle at both ends. Statistics of all countries prove beyond dispute that once the indissolubility of marriage is abandoned in principle, the conception of marriage as asacred, life-long engagement is dourly but inevitably undermined.

It is Hot :t

matter of ❑rt1CII difiicult) in these da);s to discover people who irankly regard marriage as amere experiment, acontract which may be abandoned at will. And this attitude arises logically once asingle exception is admitted against the permanency of marriage. Divorce encourages frivolous marriages, as Hollywood demonstrates all too painfully: "If people," wrote G. K. Chesterton, "can be separated for no reason, they will feel it all the easier to be united for no reason." It should also he noted that the advocates of easier divorce are invariably concerned with the plight of the "innocent party," but they do not allow their enthusiasnt to cover those most innocent parties—the children of divorce—for by no other means can the physical and moral welfare of children be so safely assured as by indissoluble marriage. Further. it would seeut adistinct national disservice at this time to seek to widen the grounds of divorce, when the birth-rate is at Fri

low an ebb, the divorce mills at such pressure, and the State wards increasing in number. This consideration, which is perhaps the least of all, may he, however, the most appealing of all to tlu—

vhnhave their nnnral code upon expediency.

Fr. Martindale's Activity During Internment

Thefirst newsof FatherC.C. Martindale, S.J., since he regained his freedom after being caught up in theGerman invasion of Denmark five years ago has reached the"Universe" from its peace-time correspondent in Glasgow, Hugh Duffy, now serving with the British Liberation Army.

Father Martindale flew to Copenhagen in 1940togive aseries of talks. Hisarrival and the comingof the Germans almost coincided.

Duffy found him in alarge room in the Convent of the Sisters of the Assumption in the capital, surrounded as

REV. FATHER MARTINDALE, S.J.

usual by heapsof books and manuscripts and with the inevitable type• writerin the centre of his table.

Ile asked numerous questions: here was anewspaperman and Father Martindalewas five yearsbehind thenews.

Writing and Painting.

Eventually, however. he answered questions about himself. His health?

'%' Isuppose unwell, but"—with a shrug of the shoulders—'well enough for practical purposes."

His health, Duffy reports, has ohviouslybeenimpaired by hisexperiences. He looks frailer; he has suffered from heart trouble. Twice, as he put it, he had to be "fished out of the pulpit." The community, mostly French nuns, have given him all the care possible.

He saw many cruelties: shooting of simple people in the streets was a commonoccurrence.

Afew copies of Catholic newspapers were very welcome to him. So were English cigarettes after the years he has spent tolerating the Danish variety.

Ile wag not subjected to any illtreatment, but the Germans imposed numerous restrictions upon him. He ached for freedom to write ashe w•ished. However, he managed to complete the manuscripts of two books. One of these has been lost: the man to whom he sent it for translation has not been seen or heard of for some time.

ACatholic magazine he conducted gave him alittle scope, though hehad to be very guarded especially when dealing, for instance, with Catholic social teaching.

Now and again as relaxation he did alittle painting. Aboxofpaintswas on atable near the window.

Ile has made many friends among the Danish people, alarge proportion of them non-Catholics.

Vigour Renewed.

One young man asked him to adopt him as his son and was vexed when Father Martindale toldhim that it was impossible.

I.'heration has renewed his vigour, the presence of British Servicemen is areal joy to him. His first thought was to arrange Mass and Ho1_v Communion for them.

Father:Martindale does not know when hewill beable to return to England,but he is full ofplans.

0e

X`RrcObiocose

ARCHBISHOP'S ENGAGEMENTS.

September 9:

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Brigid's Church, West Perth.

September 13:

ISnrolntent of members of the Holy. Name Society at Boys' Town, Clow tarf.

September 24.28:

Attend Senior Priests' Retreat at the Rerlemptorist Monastery, North Perth.

CONFIRMATION OFADULTS.

His Grace the Archbishop

A administer the ,

Sacrament of Confirmation to adults in St. Mary's CathedralonFriday,September28, at 7p.m.

Intendingcandidates arerequestedtoinform theAdministratornot later thanThursday,September27.

Candidates from outside the Cathedral Parish will be required to furnishletters from their own parish priests.

Living With the Church

September 9—Sixteenth Sunday after Pentecost. (Green): Massproper. 2nd.prayerofSt.Gorgonius. 3rd. prayer "A cunctis." Creed. Preface of the Trinity.

September 1"t. Nicholas of Toles, Lino, iConfessor.(White.) Mass "Justus."

September 11-33. Protus and Hyacinth, Martyrs (Red). Mass "Salus autem." lst. prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer "Acunctis." 3rd. prayer at choice.

September 12—The Most Holy Name of Mary (White): Mass proper. Creed. Preface of the Blessed Virgin.

September 13—Feria (Green): Mass of the Sunday. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer"Acunctis." 3rd. prayer at choice.

September 14—The Exaltation of the Holy Cross(Red) Mass proper. Creed. Preface of the Cross.

September 15—The Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin(White): Mass groper. Stabat Mater. Creed. Preface of the Blessed Virgin.

;APPLICANTS FORADMISSION TO THE SEMINARY.

Those who hope to enter ,

St. Charles' Seminary nest year to begin theirtraining forthePriesthood, should send their application to the Very Rev. Rectorim. mediately. Thenumbertobeac. cepted will necessarily be small, and other things being equal, applications will be considered in the orderof receiving.

To enter the Seminary a boy must have completed his First Year Sub-unior or 7th. Standard; he must be in good health, and mothavetheapprovalofhispar. ents and of his Parish Priest. Every intending Seminarian, whether he may have spoken about the matter to one of the priests or not, must make his applicationinwritingas soonaspossible,

le

SOCIAL JUSTICE

1945 Statement Deals With the Land

.Increasing Public Interest in Catholic Social Ideas

The coming of peace, with its problems of rehabilitation, underlines the SocialJusticeStatementfor 1946

—pub lication of which is announced by the National Secretariat of Catholic Ac-tion. Social justice Sunday will be observed throughout the Archdiocese onOctober7. The themethis yearis "The Land," which—as the sub-title declares—is everybody's business and notjust the fanners.

Each of these Statements has been similarly apt in its referehce to the vital issue of the yearin whichitwas issued. "Justice Now" dealt with the fundamental question of an adequate livingwageas thebasisofalleconomic reform. "For Freedom," with tha threats to democracy under the stress of aworld(war. "Pattern for Peace" laid the foundations of aconstructive, practical and broad structure of reformforabetterAustralia. Lastyear "The Family" brought vividly to the public mind the ravages caused to _home life by the war and set out a definite programme for dealing with our grim population problem.

These Statements—which, in their way, are unique in the English speaking world—have attracted wide interest. "PatternforPeace,"forexample, receivedgenerouspraiseintheEnglish, American, and Canadian Catholic press. There has now come to hand astriking tribute to "The Family" from Father Archambault, S.J., the re. , nowned Canadian Jesuit authority on socialreform. Inareviewofthebest work done for the Family in 1944 throughouttheCatholicworld hesays:

"Themostinterestingandthemost practical documentwe have read nn this subjectcomes to us from Australia. It is published by the National Secretariatof Catholic Action. Thisorganisationisveryactive. Pre• pared as aresultof study and deep thought,ft isadapted to the institutions of that country and meets its needs.

Thedecline inpopulationisserious in:\ustralia. Avigorous pamphlet entitled"ExitAustralia,"by Rev. C. Mayne, S.J., sets out the actual situationand thenshowsthecausesand remedies. Thebirth-ratewas42 per thousandiniS60,ithadfallenin 1940 to 19 per thousand. At this pace the country will soon be marked off the map of the wtorld: EXIT Australia.

Rut aCatholic patriot will not accept this conclusion. Australia must live, flourish, prosper. The source of theevillies in the family. That is where efforts must be concentrated. All resources must be combined: individuals, public opinion, theState, religion. Thenthe family will rise-again. It will recover its former fruitfulness. It will live once more ahealthy and prosperous exstence. Atthe same moment the nation itself will rise again.

This lament has notbeen in vain. Catholic Action was one of the first organisationstoreact. ItsResearch Committee prepared an important declaration,"The Family," Social Justice Statement for 1914.

Approved by the Episcopal CommitteeofCatholicActionandwidely distributed, this document has bor.

OUARANT' ORE

Sunday: SEPTEMBER, 2nd—QUEEN'S PARR: Forty Hours' Prayer(7th-9th).

SUNDAY

peril. The growth of our population —our greatest problem—depends on our having as large and flourishing a rural community at possible. Decentralisation,transport, housing, foreign policy, are all entangled(with our immediate decisions on rural policy.

3rd—GUILDFORD:One Dayof Exposition.

rowed many ideas from Father Mayne's study and presents, as it were, the Code of the Australian Family.

The first lines show clearly the position taken up:"Australiawillbe astrong and prosperous nation to the extent thatitsfamily is healthy and solid."

Then follow six pages giving acompletesummary oftheStatement.

Australian Catholics have shown theirinterest and pride in these Statements by purchasing some 650,000 copies of them, and the Publications DepartmentoftheNationalSecretariat has difficulty in coping with the increasing demands for its various productions. Father Mayne's"Exit Australia;"Mr.ColinClark's"Propertyand Economic Progress"; Mr.Maher's"SelfGovernment for Industry;" and Mr. Santamaria's"The Earth Our Mother" are insteadydemand.

Nor are Catholicefforts confined to buyingthe pamphlets andbooks. The youthmovements—theY.C.W.andthe N.C.G.M.—aretakingastheircampaign for 1945 the Family' Statement, are educatingsome 12,000 young men and girls in its principles and their practicalapplication to youth to-day. The studentsinourSecondarySchools—following astudy programme prepared by the National Secretariat at the request of the Catholic educational authoritiesin several dioceses—are gaining asound knowledge of these essentials of Christian social justice.

Thankstothesplendidleadgivenby the Australian Hierarchy and to the generous assistance of the clergy, this nation of ours is thoroughly aware of the fact that its Catholic citizens are second to none in their zeal for sound and lasting reforms and have abalanced, comprehensive programme to guide and inspire them. No Communist can say that"the Church has nointerest in the welfare of the workers." And,as this1945Statement demonstrates, Catholics have an equally precise and vigorous programme for the bringing of anew and better way of life for the man on the land.

The sudden coining of peace has raised forall ofusthe questionofhow the hundreds of thousands of men in thearmed forces andin war industries are going to make aworth-while living in the coming years. Industry v.-ill gladly absorb many, but only ahuut 23 per cent. of all workers are normally engaged in manufacture and there seems little prospect of arapid growth in our markets for secondary pnxluction. Buildingand various tertiary industries will take increasing), large numbers, but not everyone is eutlicientl%skilled forsuchoccupations, which usually require lengthy training and experience.

Moreover, many servicemen who have tasted the pleasures of the open country want to settle on the land rather than on aclerk's chair. The natural spirit of enterprise and independence among Australiansmakesfor astrong desire to have one's own property and amoderate income. \fan% other men forced off their properties by war-timedifficulties have not found pleasant afactory job and boarding. house regime, and will gladly go back on the land.

The 1945 Statement tackles boldly the whole question of landsettlement. It points out that every criticism of Australia must now be vitally concerned with the future of the farmer. If rural life remains precarious and meagre, if the drift to the cities continues, our whole national future is in

So this Statementdeservesthe most careful reading by city business men, lawyers, public servants, factory workers andbank clerks—in-fact, by every taxpayer. Thenationhastomakeup its mind about what it is to do with the land. It has to balance social and economic arguments and decide big issues. The Statement sets out solid reasons forencouraging men and women to take part in community ventures of self-contained farms—properly planned and controlled like manycommunitiesinEurope and America. It sets out the philosophy of the land as a "way of life"=giving rise to astrong and vigorous family life, an increasing birth-rate, astable existence—developingqualities of courage and endurance which are essential to aprogressive nation, Some people may notagree with all theconclusions —and it is not demanded that they should—but they will find it vigorous,

OCT. 7

forthright, well-reasoned—written is popular,tersestyleanddeserving their fullest attention and study.

It recognises economic facts, but it also demands that those now on the land should be protected against insecurity and that those who wish to adopt farming as their way of life should be encouraged to do so. Its salesshould surpass even the high figures achieved in its five famous predecessors.

HIGHGATE HILL

TheannualParishBridgeandRummy EveningwilltakeplaceintheHighgate Parish Hall on Thursday evening,September27. Asthe proceedsareto assist in reducing the hall debt, all parishionersandtheirfriendsareaskedto attend. There willbeBridge,Rummy, andEuchre,andprizesforall.

Theraffle,whichconsistsofalounge chair, valued at£8, English china teaset,200 CravenAcigarettes, and ham, will be drawn that night. Tickets maybehad from FlorenceGepp,junr., in Piccadilly Arcade, where the teaset isonview.

Y.C.W. CARNIVAL DANCE

Highgate Parish Hall, Friday, September 14 GOOD FLOOR' SUPPER, E`CCELLENT ORCHESTRA. TICKETS, 2s.

J. CUNNINGHAM

Painter and -

Renovator SatisfactionGuaranteed. TownorCountry.

Quotes Given. Write:BOX 20,P.O., SUBIAOO.

SPECIAL INFORMATION

Research has demonstrated the TOWEL as the best material for absorbing moisture after washing,

or bathing. Acting on thi: proved fact. British manufacturers produced the

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6Layette Coupons.

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66ST.GEORGE'S TERRACE, PERTH, SPECIALISINGINCHILD STUDIES&WEDDINGS Ring B8841 for appointments.

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.ALBANY.

J.NEILSON, Optician

S. DA_NNELL, F.S.M.C.(London), -W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST, Tel,: B2014. 16 PLAZA ARCADE, PERTH.

BRYANT & WATERS, 80 to90STIRLING ST.,PERTH. WOOD &COALMERCHANTS.

Orders Promptly Attended To. 'Phone: B3938.

S. BEECROFT - Butcher

181 Rokeby Road, Subiaco.

Only Prime Fresh Killed'c..ea: Scld 'Phone W1373.

SUNBURY.

LAND and ESTATE AG3NT, G. H. TEEDE. 'Phone 31...... Private 267 SMITH'S BUILDINGS, WELLINGTONST., BUNBURY. Businesses,Farms,Hozoo,Land For

two. , PATRONISE OUR ADVERTISERS.

H. C. Prior Funeral Director

ALBANY (Eatablshed 1971). Private Mortuary. MotorVehicles, Charges Moderate. 'Phone 715. Albany, Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts.

KALGOORLIE.

J. W. SHEEHAN, PRIMEBEET BUTCHER, HANNAN ST., KALGOORLIE. MARITANA STREET.

Tel.438.

............ Tel.438

ALEX RODOREDA

Turf Commission Agent 607 HAY STREET. AGENT FOR W.A. CHARITIES. Ring B5841 and B5236.

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New Shipment .. .

Rosary Beads

NOW AVAILABLE.

No. 1,-Black Wood Beads, oval shaped, 18in.long••....... 3/-

No. 2.-Black Composition Beads, round shaped, 13in.long.... 5/6

No.6.-BlackGalaliteBeads, oval shaped, 17in. long........ 12/6

No. 3.-White Glass Beads, round shaped, 14in. long........ 5/6

No, 4.-White Glass Beads, round shaped,l6in. long........ 8/6

No. 5.-Coloured shapedGalalite Beads, 17in. long (colours, red, blue, yellow-and black)..........••

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No. 7.--Oval shaped Pearl Beads, 15in.long ........ ...... 13/6

No. 30.-Round shaped Pearl Beads, 14in, long.......... 18/6

No. 56,-Oval shaped Pearl Beads, l6in. long........••.. 19/6

No.34 -Round shaped Pearl Beads, 15in. long........•• 25/-

itOSARY CASES.

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775 HAY STREET, PERTH (opposite Fay and Gibson).

HOLY NAME SOCIETY

•Members of the aboveSocietyare requested to pray for the repose of the souls of the following members, who have died recently:

J. QMfinihan: Cathedral Branch.

H. Landwshr: East Victoria Park Branch.

M. J. Sraninan

:Boulder Branch.

May their souls rest in peace.

This Sunday, September 9, is Holy Name Sunday, and allmembers)arereminded to carry out the rules of their membership, by receiving Holy CommunionattheHolyNameMassandby attending the eveningmeeting of their branches.

Members will be pleased to learn that anew junior branch of this Societywill shortly be inauguratedatClon-

C L ON T A R F

H.A.C.B.S. .

Distiict Board Visits to Branches.'

On August29, adelegation from the District Board visited St. Mary's Branch,at Leederville.TheGrand Presidentandhisfellowofficersweregreetedby asplendid meeting, composed predominantly .

pf youngboysandgirls. The president, Bro. L. Harris, extendedacordialwelcometothevisitorsand the secretary gave aninteresting-and detailed report as to the branch's position'and progressduringthe year.This showed that the membership of the branch increased by 21 members to • &M. The Grand President, during an interesting address, congratulated the branch on its very satisfactory position and commended the officers and members for their constancy and enthusiasm. Bro.J. Wall,D.B.M.,made aninteresting speech, dealingprimarily with the social aspect and the import- , ant matters of the quarterly Communion and annual retreats.•Avote of thanks, moved by Bro. George Creigh. ton, andseconded by Bro. H. E.Neill, brought one of the branch's very best meetings to aclose, after nvhich the visitorswereentertainedatsupper.

St. Mary's Branch, Leederville.

tarf Orphanage. HisGrace the Archhishop will perform the ceremony by installing the boys as members at 7.30 p.m. on Thursday, September 13. Members of the Diocesan Union Council will be present at Clontarf for the installation. Invitations have also been mailed to the secretaries of all metropolitan branches, requesting them to make efforts to secure the at. tendanceof their delegates. Theboys have carried out, so sincerelyand zealously,therules oftheir probation that they merit the moral support of the presence of senior members. All will ioin in expressing the hope that the boys will prove faithful members of the Society, that they will transfer to senior membership when they,leave Clontarf to enter the world, and that they will reap many blessings and indulgences as the fruit of membership. Illustrated on this page is the design of abanner which is being so kindly donated to Clontarf by Mr. E. O'Nlahoney, minute secretary of the Perth Diocesan Union Council. It is hoped that the banner will be com. pleted in time to enable it to be used atthe opening ofthebranch. Acopy of the banner, in colour, will be available for inspection by delegates at the nextquarterlymeetingofthe Diocesan Union. The design is recommended to any branches who do not possess a banner.

The next quarterly meeting of the Perth Diocesan Union will be held in theCollegeTheatre,Christian Brothers' College, St. Georges Terrace, Perth, at 8p.m. on Monday, September 17. All branches are requested to send delegates, and all members, seniorand jun• ior, are invited to attend. The Chaplain and Holy Name members of the U.S. Navy have been invited to the meeting, and it is hoped that'They will he able to accept the invitation. Efforts,arealsobeingmadeto secure.., guest speaker to address the meeting after the close of business.

The annual Spiritual Rally will be held in St. Irary's Cathedral on Sunday,(October 28, and will take much the same form as during recent war 'ears. It is trusted that all branches willwork hard and earnestly toensure the success of this year's rally, which can be our best means of offering to Christ the King, on the Feast of His Kingship, our sincere and humble thanks for Hismerev to us inbringing to aclose the terrible war through

At the meeting held on Wednesday. August 2„ the president, Bro. L. Harris, presided over avery fine attend ance of members. Miss Rona Landquist was admitted as abenefit member and initiated andwelcomedby the GrandPresident. Itwasthe occasion of the annual visit of the District Board,which wasrepresented byBros, T. R. Walker, G.P., D. Felton, G.V.P., J. Finnegan, P.G.P., J:Edwards, G.S., A. J. Willett, G.W., L. M. Goerke, D.B.M., andJ. Wall, D.B.M.The membersgave tothe visitinggrand officersaveryhearty welcome and manifested their appreciation of their presenceby frequent applause. The branch expressesitsthankstotheladymembers for providing avery nice supper after themeeting. Agoodattendanceisdesiredat the meetingonWednesday, at whichimportantmatterswillbeattendedto.

whichwehivepassed: Finalarrange. ments for the Rally will be made at thequarterlymeeting.

Another important matter set for discussionatthe meetingwillbean organised method of extending awelcometomemberswhohave been serving in the Fighting Forces, as they become discharged and ameans of ensuring their return to full membership of our Society.

Since the last quarterly meeting a new branch has been established at York, and the newly formed Donnybrookbranch has completed probation and willsend its first report as afull branch this month. These items will be amongst interesting details to be submitted to the meeting in the quarterly report of the General Secretary. Enquiries concerningthe Holy NameSociety will be welcomed by the General Secretary, Mr.E.J. Farmer,whose address is 45 Leonard-street, Victoria Park.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest for work in Western Australia? Make aregular annual contribution to help an indigentstudent.

Catholic Social Guild!

1

THE ENQUIRY.

The formation of Catholic Action leadersbythe Enquir

ymethodsmeans that the work of formationis accomplished,in great part, by the leaders themselves. The roleof the priest is to,impart the necessary spiritual formation, to help and to advise. For the rest the leaders are encouraged to run their own movement and their own meetings. Of course it is clear that,inthebeginning, alargemeasure of guidancewill benecessary;but experience hasshown that thisguidance isbestgivenbycarefultrainingof the head leader outside the group meetings. If he is given asolid spiritual and intellectual formation, he will in turn guide the other members of the group i❑ conducting their own meetings.

The Preparation.

Thesubject of the Enquiry isgiven outtoagrouptowardstheendof the meeting. It is desirable that it be given careful consideration before. hand,at leastby thespiritualdirector and the head leader,so that the purpose of the Enquiry, be understood clearly. Moreover, the subject, prepared as it is by the Headquartersof the Movement, may need adaptation to local reds. At least the head leader musthave'aclear idea ofwhat information is required, and must be able to make this clear to the other leaders also.

When the subject of the Enquiry is given out, the leaders should note down the questions they are to ask, and theaim ofthe Enquiryshouldbe explainedto them. Inthe.beginning it -

will be necessary, no doubt, to tell them where togo in thesearch ofinformation andhow to put their questions.

Nodoubt,also, therewillbedifficul• ties to be overcome at first. The leaders will be inexperienced and pos. sibly hesitant and shy. They must notbe surprised or discouraged if the first few meetings are not very successful. Fidelity to the method will bringits ownrewardinduecourse.

Thus far thesubjectof the Enquiry has been set; a problem has been markeddownforsolution. The next stepisfortheleaderstomakecontacts andgatherinformation. Theywillreturn with that information. When they do the time isripe for the next step,Judgment of the Situation.

Racing Selections

By "THE HAWK."

BELMONT.

Saturday,September 8, 1945.

C'ranbrook Maiden: Austerity Maid, 1; Easywalkin, 2; Dab Chick, 3.

Jardee Purse: Decima, 1; Teatic, 2; Flaming Rush, 3.

Cuballing Purse(1): Vleige, 1; Ilarmian, "_:

Panvan,3.

Cuballing Purse(2): Venstage, 1; Tresigne, 2; King Mac, 3.

Donnybrook Handicap: Sir Agrion, l; Threat,2; St. Peter, 3.

Pingelly Trial: Pan Pacific, 1; Nfel`lnlo. 2: Shadv Girl,3.

Wagin Welter:Pantive, 1; Vleige,2: Olyokoe, 3.

Trotting Selections

W.A.Breeders' Handicap: Airway,1; Gold Branch, 2; David Wood,3. Plympton Handicap: Direct Sheik, 1: Alibi, 2; Flora Lady, 3. Palmyra Handicap:Bingen's Pic, 1; Miss Copper,2: Black Earl,3.

Beaconsfield Handicap: Royal Chatter, 1; Padlock,2; Vantage, 3. Richmond Handicap: Nice Vin, 1; Kolector,2: WiseGeneral,3. Coogee Handicap: Logan Sheik, 1: Ruling\Maid,2; AlmaDonald,3. Fremantle Handicap: LittleSheik, 1; Idolect,2: Kato,3.

Canteen.

19.

PhvllisDean:Wednesday,September 19

Dunleavy: Thursday, September 13:

Friday, September21.

General meeting,.Monday, September 10. Cottesloe Branch are hostesses.

Asusual,theLeague,underthesupervision of Mrs. Davies, will conduct the afternoon tea atCastledare on October 14. All members are asked to assist andthehelpofourjuniormembersand friends will be very welcome. Donations, especiallyofcakes, will be gratefully received.

Nearly 3,000lb.of clothing have been sent to U.N.R.R.A. by the League, but more is still required. Members are at the rooms sewing and packing every Wednesday.

Highgate Hill Branch.

The monthly meetingwill take place as usual in the Parish Hall on next Thursday,September13,at3p.m.

CASTLEDAREFIELDDAY

The Annual Field Day in connection with Castledare Boys' Home will take place onthesecondSunday in October (14th.),underthepatronageandinthe presence of HisGrace the Archbishop. The stalls already arranged will be conducted by the following groups:

Third Order of St. Francis, Hibernian Society, Catholic,Women's League, Catholic SocialGuild,St.Vincent de Paul Society,Mr.Tom Perrott'sPrizePacket Stall, and Catholic Women's League,of Fremantle. Each stall will have the usual attractions,andtheCarnival will heenlivenedbyselectionsfromtheVic. toria'I'arkCitizens' Band.

Transportarrangements willbemuch improved this year and several buses will leave from the Welshpool-Albany. road tram terminus.

Tel.:

Personal.

The Misses Nance Carroll, Joan Dunne and Tess McLernon have returner! to Perth after brief visits to theirhomes.

Mr.and\Irs.W. Willcocks(formerly Louie Mitchell) were passengers on Friday'sexpressforPerth. They were married with'Nuptial Mass thatmorning. The school holidays have coincided with good weather and local school children have had quite acontingent of companions from boarding schools all over the State.

Sacred HeartMeeting.

TheranksoftheSodalitvgainedfive newmemberson Sunday evening.The Spiritual Director, Rev. Father L. MeSweeney, congratulated and welcomed them at thewell-attended meetingimmediately afterwards.

CupNight Dance,

Cup night promises to be ahappy one for the young folk of the parish (in fact all dancers), as their next dance night falls nn that evening. In consequence arecord crowd is expected at St. Marys Hall.

St. Marys Parents' and Friends' Association.

Memberswillmeetat theConventat 3.30 p.m.on Sunday afternoon for the monthly meeting. All members are requested toattend.

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ST. ILDEPHONSUS' COLLEGE

NEW NORCIA

CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS.

Oatholic boys regommended on thescare of character by their Parish Priest, and ready to commence atleast Sixth Standard or arrival, can be now enrolled for commencement in February, 1946. Application should be made at once. Acceptanceduring 1945is nolonger possible. For Particulars Apply to-THE BROTHER DIRECTOR,

CHLISTIAN BROTHERS,MT. HENRY. ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A.

AQUINAS COLLEGr

TELEPHONE: KM820. FOk BOARDERS AND DAY STUDENTS, BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS. Beautifully Situated,overlooking the river, near the new Canning Bndge. For Particulars apply toThe Prindpal,Aquinas College,()-nirugParade,Mt.Henry

Hibernian-Aus'•'--alasian Catholic Benefit Society

iscriminations

LONDON WALL."

„

AREPERTORY ]FAILURE.

The current Repertory Club production of John Van Druten's "London Wall"doesnot impress. Itisdifficult to imagine the play impressing under any circumstances,as the story is ex• ceedingly humdrum and the dialogue tweak; but with the added disadvantages of mediocre castingand direction, the Repertory version becomes easily theClub'sworstofferingfor sometime.

Theproductionhas many disappointing features, but perhaps the greatest disappointment of all occurs at the final curtain,when, after patiently tosee whatwill happen toMissJanus, the principal character, we find oursel. vesaseffectively"gypped" as she was jilted. Miss Janus, played by Isabelle Moulsdale, is afrustrated typists of ten years'standing. She isdesperately anxious to get married, but is unable to bring her man up to the scratch. It is apparently not essential that she should be in love with her life partner, but at least he must be of abetter type than one Brewer, whoworkswithMissJanusintheoffice ofMessrs.Walker,WindermereandCo., solicitors, in London Wall. As types go, they don't come much worse than Mr. Brewer. Hehasattempted to seduce each of the office girls in turn (there are four of them), and when the play opens we findhim turningon the charm for the benefit of the most

recent addition to the staff, an un. spoiltjuniornamedMissMilligan(ShirleyGeddes). The story from then pn is largely concerned with the efforts of Miss Janus toplant the seedofwisdominthe youthful heart of Miss Milligan, with various other people walking through and confusing the issue with talk of wills, briefs, and the private lives of divorcees. Eventually we come into the clear with Miss Milligan amodest beneficiary under the will of agenial crank (Muriel Wieck), and restored to the innocentaffections of ayoung man of her own age and class.'But what of MissJanus? We still don'tknow. The authorevidently decided he would write a sequel about that.

The play failsfor the-very good reason that it is not aplay at all. If I were asked to explain myself further, Iwould begin by repeating that each production of aplay is the whole play and must be judged on its merits. There is no single, unalterable play called"London Wall"; there are as many plays of that name as there are productions of it. It is therefore no argument-to say that "London Wall" must be agood play because it had a successful run in London or elsewhere.

It is possible that another production of"London Wall"might,with astrong injection of the dramatic element, be entitled toconsideration asdrama; but there was no drama in the'showIsaw at theRepertory. Itwasjustastory,

CathearallY.C.W.

The second of the series of dances washeldintheCathedral HallonWednesday night,whenagood crowddancer) to beautiful music supplied by a three-piece orchestra.

The hall, which has just been painted in pleasing colours, and the new lighting was appreciated and admired by all, and this, combined with an excellent floor,made the dance the event of the week.

Boys, don't forget that this is your dance. Don't sit around in groups; remember that the young ladies come to dance and not to be admired at a distance.

Admision is by invitation,so please contactoneof theboysif youomitted to get yours for the nextdance, which will be heldon Wednesday, Septeaber 19, starting at 8p.m. sharp.

If you are interested we will run a learners' class on Sunday nights after Devotions,but in thisweask yourcooperation. This must not develop into aSunday night dance. Those who can dance are expected to help those anxiousto learn.

There are still vacancies in the Club andtherooms are.open each night. So come along and be one with theboys.

Catholic Broadcasts

September16--St.Mary'sCathedral:

7.30 p.m.: Sermon and Benediction. Preacher Rev. H. Brennan.

October 7-St. Mary'sCathedral:

11 a.m.: Missa Cantata. Preacher: Rev. K. Slowey.

..October 21 (Mission Sunday)--St.

Mary Cathedral:

Il a.m.: High Mass. Preacher: Rev. J. J. Rafferty.

rather incoherent,told in words and actions. Scenes that, conceivably, might have been dramatic,were robbed of whatever power they might have had by the failure of the action toworkupto•arealcrisis. MissJanus, sobbing on the stage because she thinks she has wasted ten yearsof her life and may not now have achance to marry, is not in itself atragic happening. If the audience has not been made to feel that here lies tragedy, then it cannot be claimed that the scene is tragic; it might be ridiculous, or itmight be unbearably sentimental. Similarly, comic lines, smart replies, knowing looks, etc., do not constitute drama.

"London Wall" is poor entertainmentfromany angle,butitslowmoral tone would alone be'sufficient to con. demn it from the Christian standpoint. The script abounds in suggestive lines aimed at tickling the sensual palate, and it is greatly to be deplored that the play-reading committee of the Re. pertory Club, by its selection of this type of play, could publicly give sanction to the loweringofthe standardof public morals. Too much claptrap is heard about realism and not enough plain talking about the traditional decencies. Fashionable people pretend to despise the scurrilousscandal sheets that parade the intimate details revealed in the divorce courts, but for the second month in succession one may go to afashionable theatre in Perth and see virtue mocked. The pity of it is that young people with receptivemindsarenotonlyfreetojoin the audience,butare actuallyincluded among the players.

With regard to the acting, perhaps the most convincing characterisation was the interpretation given by Shirley Geddes of an impressionable adolescent girl anxious to have agood time but not fully conscious of the danger of consorting with aman like Brewer. The portrait was true. Master Bruce Chipper scored aminor success as Burkinshaw, the precocious office-boy. Isabelle Moulsdale and Muriel Wieck worked with sincerity, and the remaining girls, Llona William-and Noela Boardmen, were adequate in supporting roles. Chris. Wilson, Arthur Johnson, and Ron Monkhouse completed the cast. "London Wall" was produced by Nancy Newton-Hill, and will continue on Fridays add Saturdays until September 15. -DE GUSTIBUS.

DEATHS

DON1'LING-Of your charity, prayfor the repose of the soul of Thomas Dowling, who died at Maylands on August27, 1945.

Sweet Jesus, have mercy onhissoul. Not my (will, 0Lord,but Thine.

-Inserted by his fond wife, Lena, dear son, Ray, daughter-in-law, Beatrice, and baby. Pat.

+ IN MEMORIAM - +

BOLTON.-In loving memory of our dear son and brother, William Pat- . rick, who died September 11, 1941. Neverforgotten,dearBill,byhislovingmother,father,sister.

0, Merciful Jesus, have mercy on his soul.

HASTIE, Peter Douglas (Flight-Sergt., R.A.A.F.).--Ofyour charity,prayfor the repose of the soul of Peter, who died in air operations on September 9, 1943.

Always remembered by his parents, brothers and sisters.

Notmywill, 0Lord,butThine.

HOLT.-In loving memoryofourdear husband and father, Robert Warner, who died September 7, 1943.

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on his soul.

-Inserted by his wife and family.

KINGDON.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthe repose of the soul of Mrs. Agnes Kingdon, who departed this life on September 4, 1941.

0,Sacred HeartofJesus,havemercy on her soul.

-Inserted by Jack and Connie.

LONG.-Of your charity, pray for the reposeofthesoulofMaryLong,who died atAyr,Queensland, on September8, 1942.

Eternal rest grant to her,OLord.

-Inserted by herlovingfamily.

McKINLEY.-Of your charity, pray forthesoulofPatrickMcKinley,who died on September 7, 1943.

0„Merciful Jesus, havemercy on his soul.

-Inserted.by his loving (wife, Beatrice, and daughter,Noreen. O'DEA.-Of your charity, pray forthe repose of the soul of Mary EllenO'Dea, who died on September 3, 1944.

-Inserted by her loving husband and family

WANTED TO RENT.

Wanted urgently, by lady with girl, 8years, attending Brigidine Convent, Wembley, and baby, three months; husband returning from war service two rooms,unfurnished or partly furnished, with use of kitchen. Apply to F. B., thisoffice.

Doyouwishto helpeducateapriest for work in WesternAustralia? Make aregular annualcontribution to help sn indigent student.

LATE MICHAEL O'DL, JOSEPH O'DEA, Founder Priucipsl.

Chiang Kai-Shek—China's Man of Destiny

then touched off the bulb that bril. liantly lighted the scene for aflash. TheGeneralissimo would look at Ken as each bulb(went off, but the flicker of his eyes away from Bishop O'Gara and General Wu was only for amoment. Hispicturesdone, Kenchosea chairat thefar end of thelivingroom andsatdown,but thiscausedtheGeneralissimo to interrupt the conversation for aminute until he had persuaded Ken in

amostfriendly way to comeandtake an armchair near him.

The talk between President Chiang andBishopO'Garahad now turned on more general topics, andChina's Presi. dent was paying an unbelievably kind and well-informed tribute to the work carried on intheYuanling,Hunan, Catholic Mission under Bishop O'Gara's -

direction for the assistance of war. stricken Chinese. He said in words that ranglike abell,"Iclearly understand and deeply appreciate the sus. tained•relief done by the Catholic Fathers and Sisters of the Yuanling Mission formycountry'speople, andin their name Iexpress my gratitude."

Then in detailed explanation he re-peated to General Wu his awareness of the medical care and sustenance given to 200,000 transient refugees in the Yuanling district, of the shelters built for 3,000 refugees who resided for many months in the Western Hunan area, of the hospital work done and the medical treatment given to 70,000 Chinese soldiers; of the schools maintained, and of all the work done at —such sacrifice and cost by the Fathers andSisters. His acknowledgmentwas warm-hearted and direct, and he wished his appreciation to be conveyed to all those Missionaries and their friends whohadsponsoredandcarriedthrough such awide programme of assistance toChina.

The nearly half-hour-long conversation touched on many points, such as the need for replacing missionary per.eonnel, and BishopPaul Yu-Pin's coming visit to the San Francisco Confer. ence. But one remark elicited an un• expected and surprising response from the Gissimo. Ionce read of aphotographer who got most natural like. nesses of his subjects by saving akey topic of discussion in which he knew his client was interested to surprise him with just before he snapped the _shutter. The key word that showed the Generalissimo to us in his most interesting and dynamic manner was stumbled upon quite by accident, and it was "Communism."

Bishop O'Gara was saying, in English, that the Catholics of America praised President Chiang for his un-

yielding stand against Communism.

The Gissimo picked that word right outofthe Englishsentence. Hiseyes snapped. He leaned forward in his chair. His hands unfolded and restedon thearmsofhischairwith closed fists. Hisface lighted up with animation, and there came overhimfor two or three minutes the gleaming purpose of agreat leader who knew his pea ple'sdangerandmeantnocompromise. His words tumbled from hislips as he spoke to General Wu and said,"Tell the Bishop that Ifully realise the significance of the- twenty-six million united Catholic bloc in the United States and Canada opposed to Communism." The uninformed attention which the world has recently paid to the Communist organisation in Yenan was too recent an experience for the Generalissimo not to have carefully checked in his mind where he could look for sympathy should foreign publicopinion get out of hand.

Afew moments later the Generalissimo looked at aflat gold watch on his wrist, found the time to be three minutes to six, touched his tea cup to his lips and the interview was over. We all stood for aminuteforaformal picture, then the Gissimo bade us a most cordial good-bye, and we shook hands with him again and left.

The hall outside was filled with a dozen officers waiting to begin aconference with their Supreme Comman• der. We just had time to press into the hands of Colonel Pee Tsong-tan, the Generalissimo's personal secretary, the scroll on which was the handdrawn portrait of President Chiang in blue uniform, with arequest that the President autograph it for us at his convenience, as we wished to hang it in the reception room of-the Bishop's houseinYuanlingforallourChristians to see., Then we departed.

Two days later we received aletter from the Colonel about the portrait. The drawing was such an unusual picture oftheGeneralisimo, so well done, that the Gissimo had expressed ade. sire to keep it himself, and asked the name of the artist, promising to send us another hand-autographed portrait in place of the one hekept. This unexpected compliment to our choice was agreat surprise to us, and Bishop O'Gara replied that nothing would do him greater honour than to have the Generalissimo retain the portrait. So afterall ourvain search for asuitable gift'we succeeded in giving President Kai-shek agift he really valued; and as an unexpected by-product of our visit we had launched ayoungChinese artist on apromising career.

JoeE.BrownRefusesto'fellIndecentJokes

Troops Applaud Comedian's Rebuke.

,Joe E. Brown,movieactorand comedian, who lost ason in the war, was emertaining alarge groupofAmerican soldiers on an airstrip on the tip of . Nv

Guinea when ayoungGI requested him to tell adirty joke, he relates in his recent book, "our Kids and \line," achapterof whichiscondensed -in the June issue of the U.S. Catholic Digest.

"Ithad been alongshow;"he writes, "for those kids were simply starved forsome fun. Everytime Igot ready to stopthey'd screamandapplaud and make wego on.

"'Listen, you

silly jerks; I said, 'that's all Iknow:

"They kept up the racket, and then ,therewasalittleslitofsilenceandway backontheedgeofthecrowdayoungster shouted:

"'ey, Joe, tell us some dirty stories.'

"You could have heard apin drop. The kidslooked atme. Istood there aminute and then Ijust forgot Iwas acomedianandtoldthemjustwhatI'd havesaid to my own sons:

Old clothes needed by the Society 'it

fSt. Vincent de Paul for distribution to the poor. Parcels may be left at"The Record" Office, 450Hay-street, Perth.

Never Had to Stoop.

"'Listen, youkids. I'vebeenonthe stage since 1was 10. I've told all kinds of jokes to all kinds of people. ButI'mproudthatinallthattimeI've never had tostoop to adirty story to get alaugh. Iknow some dirty stories, kids. I've heard plenty,of'em in my life. But Imade arule a long timeagothatI'dnevertellastorythat Iwouldn't want my mother to hear me telling:

"Then the applause carne. The biggest, noisiestgale of hand-clapping I've rver heard anywhere. Itavent onand on. Andtheyoungsterwhohadasked forthedirtystorywasapplaudingwith tht restofthem.

LettersFromParents.

"It didn't end there, either. Archhishop Spellman (of New York) says thatwithin two weeks he heard about itin North'Africa, half-wayaround the world. Then letters began coming to me from parents. Igot abig folder ofthoseletters. Theymadethewhole trip worth doing. There were simple letters carefully spelled out on ruled paper and typewritten letters from prominentmen. Somepeople sentme the boys' own letters and more than one said:'I'm going to pray for you every night for what you've done for rnv hoy.

CHURCH METAL FURNISHINGS MADE OR RZPAMZD.

Flynn & Flynn GENERAL ENGINEERS.

TEL.: B7098. 449 MURRAY STREET, PERTH.

—Washdays are Easier , Relax Soap will takethehard work out of wash days for YOU. Relar.isgentleonthe fabricandyourhands;washes clothes asnowy white; and NO hard rubbing is neces• sary. Alwaysuse RELAX in YOUR washtub. (Obtainable in three sizes.)

MADE IN W.A. BY WESTRALIAN SOAPS LTD.

AustralasianCatholicAssurance

Co. Ltd. THE "A.C.A."

A.C.A. BUILDINGS, KINGST.,SYDNEY. ASSETS EXCEED £1,750,000.

ALLCLASSESOFLIFE AND ENDOWMENT ASSURANCE POLICIESTRANSACTED.

SAFEGUARD THE FUTURE

BRANCH OFFICES TN ALL STATES Offiice: "WAPk\'1CK HOUSE;' ST. GF.GRGE'STERRACE,PERTH I.

ENGELBRECHT, Resident Secretary.

Hotel and Accommodation Guide

On the Road to City Beach.

'Phone:B3418.

Wembley Hotel

FirstClass Accommodation.

M.CRANLEY",Proprietor: COUNTRY.

DUKEOFYORKHOTEL, NARROGIN.

Reconditioned and Refurnished, New Lounge, Dining Rooms, and Commercial Room. ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth). GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL, Cnr. HANN.,N & NETHERCOTT STS., KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR

.... Proprietor.

'Phone 13... ...... Box 144. AUSTRALIAHOTEL, KALGOORLIE.

'C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St. Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooms.

Refrigeration Throughout, Only Lock-Up Garages to the Centre ofTown. M.J. DILLON,licensee.

1

FREEMASONSHOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent Cuisine. Amatice Refrigerator InstaBW, Old and New Friends are Cordially Welcomed. \IRS. F. WING, Proprietress.

STAN. O'BRIEN, COURT HOTEL PERTH.

'Phone: 134261.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE.

Overlooking the Ocean. SuperiorAccommodation. Moderate Charges.

M BYRNE (Late of Grand and Shamrock Hotels, Boulder).

VICTORIA HOTEL, HAYSTREET, SUBIACO. Renovated Throughout. Essence of Comfort. W. F. ARTIS, Proprietor. (Lateof BalmondHotel,Vic.Park)

KEOUGH'S for

thrill you.

Felt is another exciting medium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity . It is on sale in Foy's Homecraft Section in maify lovely colours. Here is agrand opportunity for you to save money by making your own Christmas gifts this -

year.

***Smilea

Two dairies were engaged in an advertising war. One of the companies engaged adaredevil racer to drive a car around the town with large placardsreading:—

"This.Daredevil Drinks Our Milk:" The rival company came out with placards, twice as large, reading:—

"You don'thave to be aDaredevil to Drink ourMilk." r * + *

Pointing to St. Paul'sCathedral, the LondonersaidtotheAmerican soldier: "Here is afine example of Wren's work."

"Gosh!" exclaimed the American. "Those dames are a mighty clever bunch."

Jones had started country travelling foranewfirm,anddepartedfromLon• don in high spirits.

His letters to the firm during the first week were full of hope and pro. mise. There were chances of orders here,there,andeverywhere,buthehad not got them yet. Ile told the manager in each letter that the promises were feathersinhiscap.

Eventually he ran short of money and wired for some to pay his fare home.

Ilereceivedthereply:"Ineachletter you say you have earned another feather. String them together and fly home." r • •

"Igot my start in life through picking up apinthestreet;"said thewealthyman. "Iwasrefusedemployment by amerchant,and on my way out I sawapin. I—" "

Yes, Iknow,"said the youngman he was addressing,"you pickedit up; the merchant was impressed by your carefulness,called you back, andmade you head of the firm. Ihave heard of thatboy so often."

"No," repliedthesuccessfulone with asmile. "Isawthe pin, pickeditup, and sold it. It was adiamond one."

* r +

Mr. Brown was at breakfast one morningwhenhewas astoundedtosee in the paper an announcement of his death. He rangup hisfriendSmith.

"Hello, Smith," he said,"have you seentheannouncementofmydeathin the paper?"

"Er—yes;" replied Smith,"where are you talkingfrom?" + * r

"What happened to your nice lodger, errs.Brown?"

"Oh, Ihad to get rid of him. He toldmehewasaBachelorofArtsfrom Cambridge ,andIfound hehad awife and family inNottingham."

An old-timer from the'Alberta foothills was uridergoing amedical examination. Amazed tofind the oldman msuch excellent condition,the doctor asked,incredulously,"Howolddidyou say you were?"

"Eighty-seven," was the firm reply.

"In all my years Ihave never seen amaneven fifteen yearsyounger than you in such perfect condition. To what do your attribute such long life and goodhealth?"

"Well,whenmeandmywifegotmar. ried we made asort of an agreement not to argue. If she ever got angry shepromisedshewouldn'tsayanything but just go hack to the kitchen until she calmed down;and if Iever got mad Iwasn'ttosayanything butjust ,calkout intothebackyard and—"

"Yes;" interrupted the doctor,"but what has thatgottodo withit?"

"Well;" drawled the old man, "as a result of that agreement Ireckon I've led what you might call somewhat of an outdoorlife." * + r

"Would you advise me to marry a beautiful girl or asensible girl?"

"I'm afraid vou' ll never be able to marry either, old man."

"Whv not?"

"Well, a beautiful girl could do better,and asensible girl would know better."

The theatrical producer was giving anauditiontoamanwithanew-act.

Producing apuppy from his pocket, themanplaced it onthepiano,whereupon the puppy calmly proceeded to play part of one of the operas.

"Wonderful!" exclaimed the producer. "I'll give youf200aweek for that."

"But that's not all," said the man, producing from another pocket aparrot,which,perched on the piano, sang an aria from the operato the puppy's accompaniment.

Almost speechless by now, the producermanaged tobringoutanofferof "£400aweekforthat"

"Er—er," said the man, nervously, "beforeyoudecide,Imusttellyou this act's abit of acheat. You see, the parrotcan'tsing. Thepuppy's aventriloquist."

Along the country road walked a man and awoman. The latter was bullying the weak little fellow who trudged in front of her with downcast head.

Suddenlythewomanturnedand saw' abull racing down the road behind them. She took refuge in the hedge, but her companion kept on, unconsci, ous of everything but his woes. The bull caughthimupand senthim spinningintoamuddyditch.Thenitcon. tinuedonitswildcareer.

As he crawled out of the mire, he saw his wife coming towards him. Phrekinz up alittle courage,he whimpered:"Maria,if you hitme like that again you'll really make me lose my temper."

Aman asked aScots fellow-traveller for the time as they were journeying by train from North to London.

The Scot looked up from his book and replied:"You only want toknow the time to get into conversation with me,and ifwegetintoconversation we shall become friendly, and when we get to London you'llaskmetohave a drink,and I'llaskyoutohaveadrink, and we'll haveanotherdrink,andthen Ishall ask you to lunch,and youwill visit my house,whereIhave abeautifull daughter; and you will visit my -. house again:and one day you'll come andaskmeifyoucanmarrymydaughter—andwhyshouldIgivemyconsent to aman who can't afford to buy a watch?"

A little girl went on avisit to her grandparents,and on the first evening theywere tellingherthestoryofNoah and the Ark.

"Were You in the Ark, Grandpa?" she asked.

"Why, no, child!" was the reply.

"Then why weren'tyou drowned?" sheasked.

Alittle later she said to her grandmother: "The story says they went into the Ark two by two,doesn't it, Grandma?"

"Yes, darling," was the reply. The girl gazed intentlyat her.

"Who went in with you, Grannie?" she asked. + * + +

They were engaged to be married, and be was relating his former adventures in Africa.

"I had to hack my way;" he said, "through almost impenetrable jungle, chopping,slashing at thick undergrowth and trees"

"Oh.Georgel" saidshe. "You'll do fine when you have to,geed the garden!"

• + r r

Donovan's wife was suing her hnsband for maintenance. After hea-•ng both sidesof the case, the magistrntes consulted. Presently

thechairman of thebenchaddressed Donovan.

"Wehavedecided;"hesaid,"toallow your wife tenshillingsaweek." .Donovan beamed back at.him and said. "Why,shore, and that's very generous of you. I'll seeifIcan add abob or two now and again."

Wednesday, Septemberb, 1945.

Dear Cornerites,Springtime is here again, and winter hasgonefor another year. Springtime isjust theseason to make up feel bright and energetic, for it's such arelief after the dreary winter. In fact,children,it'sjust the season to get energetic with the prick cards. In my office Ihave anice • stack of prickcards,allnewand shiny, and just longing to earn pennies for the Bushies' Cause. Of course, they need the help of some of you. Some of you are already helping to the utmost, but I'm'sure there are some of you who could do something for their little bush cousins, in the way of filling acard or two. Shall I reserve that stack?

AUNT BESSY.

PEN FRIENDS.

Marion Foster, of 43 Charles-street, Midland Junction, would like a girl pen friend,aBushie,agedabout twelve Mahogany .

Creek.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am returning my card with apostal note for two and sixpence. Last Friday we had a very interesting lesson on the wireless about flax, after which we had aquiz on past lessons, also the lesson we had just heard. Tenquestionswere asked. Ihad five correct,which was not very good. Someofthechildrenhadseven, others eight orninecorrectanswers. I did not tell you very much about myself in my firstletter,so Iwill tellyou more now. Ihave one grown-up sister and three grown-up brothers. I was seven years old when we came to Mahogany Creek in the month of February, and until this year Iwent to Mundaring State School. On Sunday when there is Mass in our pretty little church, mother andIgoup to the car withMr.deGrancy. Now,Aunt Bessy, Iwill tell you something about our house. It stands on the top of ahill ,and which ever way you go you have to climb ahill. It is a one-storey house and is made of wood,and has a back and front verandah. In Spring most of the bush isbright with pretty orchids and other wildflowers, such as hovea and leschenaultia. Some ofthe orchidsare bird, snail and praying virgin. This makes-avery pretty surrounding for the house, When I write again Iwill tell you some more •ahout myself.—Yourloving niece, ANN MORROW.

Dear Ann,—Iliked your descriptive letter. It was interesting indeed. The wireless lessons are interesting, aren't thev? Perhaps you will get more of the quiz questions right next lesson. How many do you generally pass? Your house must look •

very pretty, especiallyin the Springtime. Do Von know,Ann, I'vebeenlooking fora bird orchid for quite a long time. \Chen Iwas alittle girl Ihadacollection of orchids, but Inever managed to find abird orchid. Iwill have to visit Mahogany Creek this Spring, won't I? AUNT BESSY, 41 Loton-avenue,\lidland Junction.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am writing to ask ifImayhave aprickcard, please? w

Lemomide Bolt1v

ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS. £ s. d.

Irish Mother....:....... 110 0

Anonymous .. ..... . ...... 10 0

B. D................. 5 0

Ron.................. 2 6

Francis Gibb............ 2 6

Anne Morrow .. .. .... .. .. 2 6

Margaret lfarkham........ 2 6

Marion Foster .... ...... .. 2 6

Terence Gleeson.......... 2 6

]'.amCusack .............. 2 6

St. Thomas' Kindergarten In. fantsand Standard I.Girls 2 6

St, Thomas' Kindergarten Infantsand StandardI.Boys 2 6

Frank O'Connell.......... 2 6

Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Heaters. Stocks of Paints, Varnish, Caleomine Elassetl's Stores, Pertb,.. B6307.

Iwrote some weeks ago but Idid not post my letter; Imean to be sure to post this one. Iam eleven years old and in Fifth Standard. Ihave alit. tle sister named Wendy. She is a funny little soul. When she tries to make the Sign of the Cross she says only Father, Son, Holy Ghost. Mum says that she doeswell, for she isonly two and ahalf. Iam not aCatholic, but Ilearn tosaymyprayers withthe children and. teach them to Wendy. Thisis all for this time, Aunt Bessy. Love to you and the Bushies.—Your loving niece,

MELLIS GRANT.

Dear Mellis,—I'm glad you did finally get the letter to me, and Iexpect you will have received your card a couple of weeks ago. Wendy sounds adear little girl. Ihave added her name to my list of nieces. Whenshe is sixor sevenand haslearnt to write, Iwill expect to hear from her then. AUNT BESSY.

Perth.

W ,

Dear Aunt 'Bessy,—Please find enclosed thirty shillings fur the Bushies, for favour received through St. Anthony. Please pray that Imayget a special favour in November. Wishing for the bestofluckfor your Bushies.— Yours sincerely,

IRISH MOTHER.

Dear Irish Mother,—Iam sure your favour will be granted. I sincerely hope it is. Thank you, indeed, for vour kindnessin donating so much to the Bushies'Cause. AUNT BESSY. * * * *

Boulder.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find small donation, in thanksgivingto Our Lady Help of Christians for favour received.—Yourssincerely, B. D. Dear B. D.,—Imust thank you for your donation. It is'welcome indeed. AUNT BESSY.

f • f 491 Beaufort-street, Perth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am enclosing a prick card with apostal note for 2/6. Would you please send me another prick card, as Ihope to fill it much quicker than the last one. Best of luck to you and the Bushies. Here isalittle pieceof poetry which Imade up myself.—Your loving nephew, FRANCISGIBB.

Little Tommy Tadpole, Had lost his little tail.

Little Tommy Tadpole Began to weep and wail.

Hismother didn'tknow him

Whenhe leapt upon alog, Because Mister Tommy Tadpole Was Mieter Tommy Frog.

Dear Francis,—Thanks very much for your prick card, and also for your little poem. Ithink it's very nice, Francis. You mustpyrite anotherone about Aunt Bessy,and senditin. AUNT BESSY, Pechey-road, Swan View.

help the little children who live along way from church and convents. 1 pray for them and the Missions every day. Mypet cat issick. Hisnameis Peter. Thisis all. Lotsoflove from PAM CUSACK.

Dear Pam,—Ihope Peter is better now. What colour is he, Pam? Thank you for filling the card. The Bushies will be so pleased. They won't mind so much having to live a long way from church when they ha ,

,e kind little girls and boys like you to helpthem. AUNTBESSY. * * * rt

St. Thomas' School, Claremont.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Erma Bradley and Iam writingfor the little girlsin our ,

room. Wehave filledacard,and if you send four more cards we will fill them, too. We havefun in trying to getmore penniesthan theboys. We had the Elocution and Music exams. last week and all passed. Good-bye. With lots of love from your little niecesin the Kindergarten Infants and Standard I.—ESMA BRADLEY and PATRICIA SINCLAIR.

Dear Esme and Patricia,—I'll post you four more cards to see if you can beat the boys. They seem to have some secret way of collecting their pennies. How do you get yours? Congratulations on the exam. results, rhildren. AUNT BESSY. : s • *

St. Thomas' School; Claremont.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I was glad to read your nice answer to my last letterin"The Record." This time Iam writing for the boys in our room, because Iam the eldest. Iwill soonbe seven. Sister said we boys are just asgoodas thegirlsforgetting pennies for the littlecountrychildren. Butwe are not going to tell the girls how we get our pennies. Iwish my Daddy could come home. He is a soldier. Good-bye from us little boys.

JAMES HORROCKS.

DearJames,—Thank you, boys, for your good work. Will you tell me how you get your pennies some time, James. Ithink your Daddy will be home soon now„and won't you be pleased then. AUNT BESSY.

159 York-road, Midland Junction.

Dear Trevor,—You don't need to go to such trouble about the stamps. You needn't evenbotherto makethem into bundles of 100. Just put them in a box or packet asyou collectthem and when yougetenoughjustpostthemin to me. Bill has attained agreatage, hasn't he? Have you tried giving your chooks "pick-em-up" yet? We give it to our fowls and they seem to like it very well. Ihope yours will start laying againsoon.

AUNT BESSY.

43 Charles-street, Midland Junction.

Dear Aunt Bessy;--I arh returning the prick card and apostal note for two and six. Iam sorry Idid not sent it before, Aunt Bessy. What do you think about the good news; it is exciting, isn't it? Ihope my Daddy willbehomesoon. Heisluckyhehas not been away overseas, but he's far enough away Ithink; he is at Nun. garin now. Idon't think Itold you Ihave two brothers and two sisters. One brotheris14and theother,whois 9, is atwin to Audrey, my youngest sister. Ialso have amarried sister. She has not long had a baby girl, whose name is Carol Rose. Iam in the Legion of Mary at school, and I like it very much. Well, AuntBessy„ will you please sendme the nameand address of agirl Bushieaboutmyown age, twelve years? Imust closenow: —Your lovingniece, MARION FOSTER.

Dear Marion,—Iwas interested to hear about your brothers and sisters. PerhapstheboysandAudreywillwrite tome sometime. I've putyourname in the pen-friend column. I expect you will get an answersoon.

AUNT BESSY.

27 North-street, Midland Junction.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am returning the prick cardand postal note. Ireceived the name and address of the pen-friend on Friday afteroon. Thank you very much. To-night Iam going to Father's community concert; it has on the posters that Dawnetts and her wonderdogsare giving an item,which is very good. Please, Aunt Bessy, may Ihaveanotherprick card? That is all Ihave to say this time, Aunt Bessy.—Your loving niece,

MARARET MARKHAM.

Dear Margaret,—You are aquicklit. tle worker, and Ihope you'll have the samesuccesswiththenextone. When you next write I'd love to hear how you enjoyed the concert. Have you heard from your pen-friend yet?

AUNT BESSY.

St. Thomas'School, Claremont.

Dear Aunt Bessy,-1 hope you are well. Iwas sick the other day. I made my-

first Holy Communion on August 15, and we had avery happy day. My mother and father came to see me. The breakfast was beautiful. We had eggs with angels painted on them. Iam sending my prick card back, and will you please send me another?

0

Love from

TERENCE GLEESON.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—1 meant to send my prick card back earlier, but Ihave keen sick with the'flu. One of our boys, Gordon Pike, has some boxing gloves and we have been having some fun learning to box. We take it in turns during play; he picks the ones to tight. Two boys to-day put on a good fight. Another boy and myself didnotput muchinto it andendedby W

Dear Aunt Bessy,---About the stamps. Wouldyou like us to mount them on sheets of paper as we do to put them in an album, or would you prefer us to make them into bundles of one hundred? We easily have five hundred stamps by now in the box. You were asking me about my cockatoo. His name is Bill and he was thirty-nine last Monday week. We have lost three canaries since Ilast wrote to you. Our fowls are not layin; vet. Ithink the weather is too cold for them. My cousin said that he gives his fowls "pick-cm-up" and they lay well. Thank you very much forsending the address of apen-friend. Iam anxious to write to him as soon as possible. Iam now busy getting my second prick card filled and have nearh• finished it. Last Thursday nearly all the school went to the Cathedral tosing the Mass,and the Archbishop said the singing was beautiful and thanked us for coming. It was, of course, an honour for us to be able togo. We,were lucky in gettingsuch agood place right up in front.—Your loving nephew, TREVOR MARSHALL.

Dear Terence,—Thanks very much for filling the card, and I'll post you another straigjtt away. It must have beenahappydaywhenyoumadeyour first Holy Communion. Well, Terry-, Ihope you'llwrite tome again soon.

AUNT BESSY.

(Continuedon BackCover.)

ing adraw. Imust close now.— .1m

111 loving nephew, RON.

Dear Ron,—I'msorry tohearyou've beensick,butIexpect your'flu isjust abad memory now. The boxing sounds very interesting. Actually I have never seen any fights, butIhave alittle friend who is avery enthusiastic boxer and he tells me all about it.

AUNT BESSY, • f * t

St. Thomas' School, Claremont.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I have filled my card. Ilike saving my pennies to

A_DVtRIISERS

—THE— Busbies' Corner

(Continued from Page 15.)

"Brookmeyer;" Namban.

Dear Aunt ,

Bessy,—How areyouand the Bushies? Idid not write before because Ihaven't received my prick card. I'm sending sixpence instamps to you for aticket in the raffle. We had too much rain up here and some of the crops are nearly washed away. Wehavehadfloodsandfloods. Have youhadenoughraindownthere? Isn't itgreatthe warisover. We hadtwo days' holiday for that There were plenty of celebrations up here. We went to Victory Sports on Thursday andhadgood funrunningand playing games. Roy isnot home yet, but we hope him to be home any day. His wife, Rhoda, is not coming out till about Christmas time. My cousin, Anne, is coming up for the August holidays, and Iam soglad. Mysister Mavis is coming home soon, too. On the28th.of lastmonththe Mooragirls gave abasket ball concert in Wath. eroo, Iliked it very much. Ican't think of anything else.—Your loving niece,

BERYL FITZGERALD.

Dear Iatricia,—It's quite a long while since Ihad aletter from Bun. bury, so you're very welcome to the Corner. The weather has been.very badeverywhere,hasn'tit,Patricia; and Perth is no exception. Idohopeyou will be successful in your exams. and keep up the good reputation of Bunbury. AUNTBESSY.

s e

55 Old York-road, Greenmount.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I would like to be one of yourCornerites, Iam eleven years old and in Fifth Standard. I gotoSt.Brigid'sSchool,MidlandJunction. As Ilive inGreenmountIhave to come to school by the bus every morning,and these morningsit isvery cold. What Ilike best at school is spelling,andarithmeticwhenitiseasy. Wouldyoube kindenough tosendme aprick card? Are you interested in boxing, Aunt Bessy? Iam aboxer, andhavebeenuptoGeraldtonandCollie boxing. Iwon my fight at both places. Igo with the Police Boys' Club.—Your loving nephew,

GORDON PIKE.

Dear Gordon,—Iheard about you from one of my nephews, and also about yourproficiencyinboxing. Perhaps,Gordon, whenyougrowupyou'll be achampion. Iwill have to follow your career, then,and I'll be able to say proudly,"Oh, Gordon'sone of my nephews!" Ispent afew days at Greenmount last week, and thought it avery pretty place, particularly with thosekangaroopawsyouhaveupthere.

AUNT BESSY.

, .AUNT BESSY. ,

Dear Beryl,—These errant prick cards! However, you'll have your card by now, Ishould think, and the raffle ticket also. The Victory was celebrated'verywellinPerthas wellas in Namban, Beryl. We've also had theraindown here. It's nice to hear thatyour family willsoonbe reunited. It will be agreat day for you when you are all home togetheragain, won't it -

St. Thomas' School, Claremont.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—This is my first letter to you, and Iam pleased to enclose two shillings and sixpence for the Bushies. Iam in Standard IV. and Iam fondofstudy,but Iamalso asportsenthusiast. Mybrotherplays for Christian Brothers' College, St. George's Terrace.—Your would-be nephew, FRANK O'CONNELL.

Dear Frank,—Thank you verymuch for the two and six. What sports do you play, Frank? It is avery good combination being fond of both study and sports, and Ihope you'll keep it upthrough yourschoolcareer.

AUNT BESSY. * * * *

49 Beach-road, Bunbury.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Afterreading the lettersin"The Record,"whicharevery interesting, Iwould like very much to become amember of the Bushies' Corner. Iam ten years of age and in Fifth Standard. Ihave two sisters, Leonie, whois six, andValerie, who is thirteen. The weather has been very bad here in Bunbury, and has not shown any sign of clearing up yet. I wouldlikeyoutosendmeaprickcard. Iam going to take two music exams. after the August holidays, and would like you tosay aprayerfor me that I may pass, please.—four affectionate niece, PATRICIA BARRY.

Domestic Problems Solved: By Lineri canBlueFlameStoves, AtWA.Stove Co., Wellington-street,Perth. B6107.

F. HUFNFR

28MABELST.,NORTH PERT11

TUNES AND REPAIRS PIANOS ANDORGANS. 'Phone B504.

Dear Aunt Bessy,Enclosgd find£1, in honour of the Sacred Heart, for favourgranted.

Dear Anonymous,—Many thanks indeedfor your kindnessinremembering the Bushies' Corner, We are in sore needofsuch helpersjustatpresent, so we are doubly grateful to you.

AUNT BESSY.

• e • •

THE DEBUTANTE.

(By an Ex-Pupil of St. Joseph's, Fremantle.)

Radiantly happy and bright She stood, the admired of all, Gowned in her shimmeringwhite, Arrayed foilher "coming-out" ball.

Amaiden of seventeen summers, So sweet in her youthful grace, _ joyful anticipation. Transformed with beauty, her face.

Iler dark eyes danced and sparkled, Heryoungheartthrilledwith delight As she entered the brilliant ballroom, Festooned avith flowers and light.

Afew brief hours it lasted— Musicand danceand fun; But her heart was strangely heavy, When the last gaywaltzwas done.

Are all earth's joys so fleeting, So transient and so vain? Willpleasure send us greeting Only to cause us pain?

Then in her questioning heart she heard Avoice, so low--divine— Whispering its secret words of love, "Thy heart,'Ochild, is Mine."

She listened in awesome rapture, And answeredin accentsfine, "Since Thou, my Lord, haschosen me, "Lo! Iam ever Thine."