The Record Newspaper 22 August 1945

Church h Italy Has Emerged From War Stronger

Invaluable Part of Archbishops in HolyFather Enjoys

Enormous Prestige, POPE'S SUPRA-NATIONAL AND WORLD-WIDE ACTIVITY

By DOUGLAS WOODRUFF.

The Church in Italy has emerged from the national ordeal very much stronger. The Cardinal Archbishops of the great northern cities, of Florence and Bologna,' Venice, Milan, Genoa and Turin, played highly invaluable parts in the final critical phases, as did the Archbishop of Ferrara. Mgr. Bovelli, who received aparticularovation. Theauthority ofCardinal Schuster is to-day very high in a city which has had for solong its tradition of militant anti-clericalism, to which the Repub l

ican Fascists devoted agreat deal of Aention, Mussolini remembering his anti-clerical Socialist vouth of thirty to forty years ago.

When the bodies of Mussolini and his associates were treated with adegradingbarbarity inthe Piazzo Loreto, the' Cardinal interyened as soon as he heardofitandthreatened tocome and take the hodies down with his own hands. It is an illustration of the historic position held by the Archbishop as an institution that the final negotiation between the Republican Fascists and the Committee of Liberation took place in his palace, which ryas felt by both parties to be aplace where they could meet,as in asanctuary. In all these cities the inhabitants know very well that it was ex. ceedingly useful that there existed such people as their Bishops, to facilitate negotiations which have preserved many buildingsand lives. There is a consciousness of the direct continuity with the great Bishops of the Dark Ages; and the more violent and bar. barons the politics of the twentieth century become the more important it will he that this office Shall continue, for its civic advantages, which, al. though altogether subsidiary to the main end,can be ofthegreatest social value. When Ivisited these Archbishops' palaces(Idid.not reach Venice or Turin) In themiddleof)fav, theywere humming with anew good work, the business of sorting out and repatriating the refugees. The pillars in the courtvards and the baTustrades. had many notices asking for nerds of this or that Italian, aprisoner of war or a worker taken toGermany,eachdiocese doing for its own people what the Vatican has been doing on an international scale.

in the period of German occupation sanctuary was given to those in dan. ger without regard to their religious

or political beliefs, and many of the present Government were harboured by the Church. When the Germans attacked the Church for this the right of sanctuary was very emphatically vindicated in several issues ofthe"Osservatore Romano" in February, 1944, as was described in this journal at the time,and those who were then inveighing against sanctuary as an abuse were told that they might in turn be very glad of it themselves; as by the end of that year they were. Rome, with its great religious houses, gave shelter of aparticularly adequatekind, both in and outside the Vatican. By resting the right to give sanctuary on thebroadest groundofhuman charity, the Church made amuch-needed protest against the increasing fashion of denying any rights to political or national opponents.

Italian Archbishopsare singularly ac. cessible. Most of them have fixed morning hours to receive all callers, though there is apreliminary essential "vetting" of callers, by kindly but practised secretaries. Editors also, I find, put up in their offices the times at which everyone can come to see them. Whein iwent to see the Bis. hopofBergamohewasawayonavisitationtoavillagein thefoothillsofhis northernboundary,andIand my companion, havingbusiness thatwould not wait, set out to track him down. We found the village gaily decorated with green arches and flowers and flags, making of the visitation agreat fiesta. Althoughunexpected,we were taken in to where, after the morning's labours, the parish priest was entertaining the Bishopand all the neighbouring clergy to ameal which was at once simple and splendid, which ended with "Asti" and an enormous cake of coloured sugar.

in Brescia and in Florence Ifound the Catholic publishing houses full of eagerness to make contact with Eng. lish Catholic letters again, and it is in general true of Italy that there is a great deal of high-grade Catholic writing just now, like the new review "Idea; conducted by Mgr. Barbieri in Rome, aCatholic monthly seeking and findingageneral public. In the short period since the Armistice there has been aplethora of Catholic writing on the State and the individual and on the social teaching of the Church, and there is much exposition of theology for the laity, conspicuous among it being Mgr. Sid's"Corso di Teologia Dogmatica per Laid," of which two

Than Before

Final Critical Phase

volumes out of seven have appeared. This work took shape' from conferences given'in week-end study-circles forwhich,asforretreats, there are spe. cial villas set apart in pleasant spots. \ear Romethere.isonesuch villakept particularly for politicians, who need dogmatic instruction,as they need retreats, rather more than most men. But the problem is how to get those who need these things most to think they need them at all. Men like ProfessorGiordanihave written anumber of books at one remove from formal theology, books which are, as it were, the text-hooks of the Catholic Action movement. Where thereseer'sadearth is in Catholic "belles lettres,' and in works which are not direct apologetics butare ofCatholic inspiration.

The great prestige which the Holy Father enjoys to-clay is atriple crown of gratitude: of the people of Rome totheir Bishop,the"DefensoCivitatis," to whom they attribute agreat part of their immunity from bombardment; ofthe Italians to the Primate ofItaly, who has steered his course so that of the great number of nearly three hundrenItalian Bishops, any oneof whom had it in his power seriously to com. promise the' Church, not one refused the guidanceand leadof the Holy See. To-dav only one or two have incurred anyshadowofhostility forhavinglent themselves to any part of the Fascist propaganda. To read some of the comments of "Pravda," to watch the persistent attempt even now to give vitalitytoalegend thatFascismgrows out of Catholicism, and that the one cannot be eradicated unless the other is reduced to powerlessness, is to read acriticism singularly remote from recent history. It is true that the Church has always to be everywhere tolerant of national patriotism, and is always and rightly--expected to endeavour to adapt herself to the different political regimes encountered in different timesand places;butit is the third crown of appreciation of Pope Pius NII, that, with agreat gentleness of expression and speech, he has nevertheless made it absolutely clear that the Church is not to be used for any temporal policies of temporal rulers. Ile always refused the insistent invitation todeclare acrusade against Communist Russia, afact ignored in the Communist criticism of to-day, and he will not now support all the things that are put forwaiwl in the West as the objects and aims for which the war was fought. No previous Pope had travelled so farafield beforeelection, and none has since received in his own home so many thousands of the ordinary men of so many nationalities, the tens of thousandsofsoldier<of theverymixed

forces which make up the Fifth and Eighth Armies. Ile is so accessible that it was apardonable mistake of the South African in front of me at the turnstile of the Vatican Museum who putdown his lireand tookhis ticket, was told the museum was up the stairs, and exclaimed in disappointment that hehad notcome to see any museum; he had come to see the Pope. Isis ticket was returned and he was told how to find his way to the Vatican itself, where there is no turnstile. The private audiences in the Library, the special audiences in theroomsoutside andthegeneralaudiences in the Sala Clementina take up agreatpartoftheHoly Father'smorning, but the result after ayear is that throughout Britain and America he will be known as no other Pope has been, not only to the Catholics but to tens of thousands of men in all walks of life.

This supra-national and world-wide activity is the great mark of this pontificate. The man who as ayoung priest thoughtto devote himself to the Romanshasfound the whole world his parish,andineverycountryhis"chiesa nuova." His gift for languages is it. selfasymbol of apontificate in which all the many tongues to be heard in Rome bear witness to the new world, inwhich the Church has amuchgreat. er power of physical communication and faces)much greater threatsof poli• tical obstruction. Aeroplanes from the Rome airfield can reach any part of Europe in afew hours. London is one of the more outlying and distant capitals, but it is easily reached in a flight of six or seven hours. At the moment about half these capitals are inaccessible, and there is little news of Vienna or Budapest, Warsaw or Belgrade.

The speed of invention, of wireless communication and airtravel,has taken the Church by surprise, and it finds the Catholics in different countries still very much in watertight compartments and knowing very little about each other's special historical backgrounds. But there is already a strong current running to make of the headquarters of the governmentof the Church aplace where the different nations are represented, if unevenly, yet broadly and adequately. The diplomatic corps itself is to-day more numerous and representative than ever before, and there is an understanding that in the new condition of the world it will make for the strength of the, Church to widen herbasis. It has to he admitted that the present composition of the Curia,in the middle ofthe twentieth century, is stilleminently in the old tradition that served the (Continued on Page 11.)

The Catholic Answet

GodGaveFree-Will

to Men to Love and Serve Him .

No Praise or Blame Possible Without Liberty of Action

Fore-Knowledge Does Not Make God Responsible for Evil Christ's DeathShows He is Not IndifferenttoHumanAffairs

-J. P. C., Palmyra:

Q.: OnSundaynightlast, answering a question,"Why does God allow all the evil in the world?" your reply was."He gave every one of us free willto doaswelike."

A.: On the night in question, Dr. Goody said that"God, in His Providence, rules everythingaccordingtothe natureof eachthing. His Providence is to preserve not to destroy—consequently,if Ilehasgivenacreaturefree will, Ile will notusually interfere with the exercise of that free will." He certainlydidnotintend thatweshould do as we liked with the gift of free willthatIlegaveus. Whenweabuse thisgift,aswesooftendo,wenotonly upsettheorderthatGodintendsshould exist in human affairs, but we make ourselves, and not God, responsible for whatever evil results from our abuse of our freewill.

Incidentally, as we have often re. marked before, God gave each of us free will so that we could love Him. Without free will you can't love God, nor anything at all for that matter. N.

our free will is the thing with which you love . and sere. A forced love and aforced obedience are of no value, and, in any case, God does not want that kind of service from us. Once our actions-become necessaryactions, without freedom of choice, then there is neither virtue nor malice in what we do. In other words, there

would be no point in awarding aVictoriaCross to any hero, nor in punishing war criminals for their crimes againsthumanity.Youwouldn't praise or blame aman for something he couldn't help doing in spite ofhimself.

Q.: Now, let'sdissect this stupid answer. We are given to understand that iGod is Almighty, that He can doallthings,thatHecanforeseeall events, etc., etc. All right. Then noevil can possiblyhappenwithout him,her,orit,knowingitisgoingto occur. In other words, to try and make myself clear, God must know howeverybabybornisgoingtoact right throughitslife(assuming God isAlmighty,etc.),thehouritwillbe created and thehour of its death, andwhetheritwillbeagoodperson oramurderer:whomhewillkilland when he will doit, etc., etc.

A.: That is all quite true. If you had been answering this letter instead of writing it, you couldn't have done better. But why condemn Dr. Goody's answertoanotherquestionas"stupid?" We'llsee in amomentjusthow correct it was.

Q.: Now, the pointIwant tostress is this: Do you honestly believe that, if such aterrible power exists, it would give us free liberty of action during cur lives, knowing beforehandjust howeachoneofuswillreact toit?

A.: Yes, Ido honestly believe that. But, why refer to God as a"terrible

power"? Because God knows all things and can foresee all things, even the free actions of men, that doesn't make Him a "terrible power:" It doesn'teven make Him responsiblefor the things men freely choose to do. Whyshould it,and how couldit?

If you foresee that aman about to cross an intersection will be hit by a car, you cannot be considered terrible or held responsible for his death if, in spiteofyourwarningsandattemptsto stophim, he still persists in trying to cross. AndneitherisGod terrible nor nsi respoble for whatmen freely choose todo,merelybecause Heforeseestheir futureactions...andfreeactions,too. Heavenonlyknows, He haswarned us often enough, He even became Man and lived amongst us for thirty•odd yearsto teach us and to show us how touse ourfree(willin suchaway that there would be no evil done by any man against his fellow man. .

Youaccuse usofacceptingasGoda Being who is coldly indifferent to the tragic consequences of many of man's free actions. But that is so very far from the truth. We knowthat when God livedonearthasChrist, thenight before He was tortured and crucified, He was so appalled by the knowledge of what misery deliberate wickedness would bring into the world that the agony He underwent forced the blood from His veins through the pores of Hisskin as though it had been sweat. So much for His indifference to the pain and evil that the abuse of man's free will brings into the world. Q.:If,inthefaceofthisevidence,you still persist in any justification for allowingusthisfreedomofwillwhile knowing beforehand the destruction it will bring to everything beautiful in this glorious world, then you are branding God asadistmonster.

A.: After what Ihavejustsaid, and remembering that, in.an attempt to stop man abusing the gift of his free will, God, in

Q.: I.will try andgive you an exam- ple of what Imean. Say, for instance, asafather,youweremaking atoy for one ofyour,childhen, and you had the power to foresee that itwouldbethe,meansofcausingyour loved one to meet with aterrible end! Would you make that'toy? Nor would God! And I certainly wouldn't.

A.: In the first place, J. P. C., our freewill cannot becomparedtoatoy, or aluxury of some sort. Without free will you wouldn't even be ahu. man being. It,is our intellect and ourwill that makeuspersonswith hu. man life as distinct from the purely material vegetative and animal life around us. It is his faculty of free will that makes ahuman being the kindofpersonthatheis; itispartand parcel of ahuman personality, and it is absolutely necessary if we are to become sharers of theGodheadandof the divine nature—above all, after death. The pointisthat,ifGodwere. not to give us free will, He could not createusashumanbeingatall.

Q.: Now, if theliftingofafingerora command hadthepower todemand thatthisworldshouldbeeverhappy and peaceful, couldit beotherwise? Certainlynot. Iamafraidwegive God credit for much more power thanHeever possessed. Iwant to takethisviewofit,becausebydoing soIshall stillbe abletolookup to God, instead of looking down on Him.

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Isis human form, suffered asno one before or since has suffered, how can you suggest that God, to a Christian,isnothing butasadist monster? Does the sight of a crucifix speak to you only of God's indifference? Or would you look on itonly asasign of Ilis impotence in face of thegiftIlegaveus? Sure,man'sfree will left God in His human form pinned up on awooden cross bar—helpless, bleeding, dying—seemingly impotent, but hardly indifferent. God cannot interfere with the exercise of man'sfree will,,but Ile is not indifferentto it, for thoughmanisfree to do eithergood orevil, yethemust answer to an omnipotent God for the. conse•, queriesofhisactions.

And getting right down to the point in your question, it is precisely because God is not indifferent to man's use of free will that each of us must face ajudgment whenwe will have to answer for the consequencesof our actions,bothgoodandbad. God might and does permit us to bring destruction and suffering into this beautiful "rld, but for each one of its there is aday of reckoning, and God foresees that, too, when Ile permits its to domalicious orsinful thingsforwhich we ourselves are entirely responsible.

is to God foreknowledge of the futurefreeactionsofmen. Ipresume you do not deny that men are free— itistoo evident afactofdaily experience. What you are really arguing now seems to be this: If God foresees the future free actions of men, He .would prevent all evil happening through those actiohs. But evil does happen through the free actions of nun. Therefore, God does not fore• see them.

...

NO Men Haue aPremous Existence?

Temporary Triumph of Evil Demands Redress After Death

Christ Taught Clearly About aLife Everlasting—

Questions of Scriptuiral Interpretation and Interpolation

Iguess that argument would be all right if you could prove the first statement that God would prevent all evil fromman'sfreeactionsif Hefore. sawtheminthefuture. On the other hand, it is all wrong if you cannot prove it, and if the truth is that God Permitsevilbecause Hehassomething wiser and more important at stake, namely,the freeservice,thetransforming love and the ultimateeternal happiness that comes from the right use offreedombymen.

Our reasoning is rather this: that men do evil in theirfree actions is an undisputed fact of every-clay experience. ThatGod foresees all things is alsoaknown fact. Therefore,weconclude, God foresees the evil future actions of men, but permits them because there is something far greater and nobler at stake, and He can achieve ahigher and greater good by permitting evil.

Q.:AnotherpointIwouldliketoraise is the much promised "Iife after death" preached by all churrenot Now, don't getme wrong.m holding this be:iefuptoridicule. It is far too serious for that.

A.: As you say, it is far too serious aquestion tobe treated either with flippancyorwith thecompleteindifference that marks the popular modern attitude towards thesequestions.

Q.: What Iwant to do is to try and showyoumyviewpoint. I'vegiven this particular subject very serious thought and I've satisfied myself withthe proof this reasoning has given me. I'm sure there's perfect peace and oblivion after our physicallife. ThisconditionIprovedbe. yond anydoubt beforeIwas physically born. Beforethis eventIknew nothingandcaredless. Iwassomethingor other--inwhatformIdon't know—enjoyingperfect contentment. And Imaintain this is the perfect stateofoblivionweallreturnto and which everyone associates with the term heaven. What do you think of this analysis?

A.: Not much,tobe perfectly frank, and you mustn't mind if Iseem to criticise your interesting views somewhat harshly. First of all, how do von know that before your physical birth into this life you had aprevious existence as"something or other enjoying perfect contentment"? You have not one shred of evidence or proof either that you previously existed in this"perfect state of oblivion;" as you term it, or that you will ever returntosuchanexistenceafterdeath. Moreover, until youreached the ageof ' reason, you. like the rest of its, knew andstillknownothingaboutyourpreviousexperiences. Ontheotherhand, we do happen to know the real truth of things, and our knowledge is confirmed with overwhelming evidence. Our reason alone tells us that there must be alife afterdeath containinga reward forgoodnessand apunishment for vice. After all, the factsmust be faced. Goodness or virtue is not al.

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ways rewarded in this world, by any means. Evil and wrong-doing often triumph for the time being, and there must Ix somewheretostraighten these things out. Remove life after death with its sanctions and you open the gateway to moral chaos, to all kinds of injustice and indecency, to murder, suicide, lust and aworld gone mad.

But apart altogether from the suasive arguments of reason demanding the existence of life after death and which,unfortunately,wehavenottime to-night to enunciate for you, we have certain and clear revelations made by God Himself about the realityand the nature of such afuture life. The re• corded teachings of Christ contain many references to alife after death which will be everlasting. They also make it very clear that this future existence willhe livedeitherin astate of indescribahle happiness known as heaven, or if our deeds here on earth have merited it, in astate of frustral tion and physical pain known as hell. Isuppose all this sounds abit fantastic to you, maybe even abit disconcerting, but it is just the undeniable truth which God Himself has revealed tous. In thefactofrevelation,there is no room for pet theories about our life after death, no matter how in. genious they may be. The facts are well known and, as Isaid, have been revealed to us by God Himself. Jtoreover, there is just as much conclusive proof for the Christian teaching that man has no previous existence before hisconception whenhissoulis created outofnothingbyGodHimself.

H. Askland, Inglewood:

Q.: In areent issue of"The Reader's Digest," Icame across aparagraph concerning the passage: "It is easier for acamel topass through the eye ofaneedle,"etc.

A.: The reference is to the~cords of Our Lord:"And again Isay to you: It iseasierforacameltopass though theeyeofaneedlethan forarichman to enter into the Kingdom of Heaven." 0latt. XIY.,24.)

Q.:"The Reader's Digest" paragraph stated that this is afaulty translation, and thatit shouldread:"It is easierforaropetopassthrough the eye of aneedle."

A.: The writer of the paragraph is not justified in making such a categorical statement. The reading men. tioned could be put forward as possibly the correct one. It has been mentioned in Biblical Commentaries for centuries.

Q.: In the original Gospel, theGreek word "kamllos;" meaning arope, is used, not"kamelos;" acamel.

A.: This isexactly oneof the points at issue. The rendering"kamilos" is found in afew Codes, but, according to commentators of standing, is to be rejected.

Q.:TheearlytranslatorsintotheLatin confusedthesetwowords,andsothe error has passed into all the languages in which the Bible is written.

A.: The early translators were neither soignorant norsosimpleas all that.

Some interpreters understood the word to mean arope, even though written "kamelos." Others again thoughtthe reference wastoagateof the city of Jerusalem, because it was sosmall thatamanenteringbyithad to double himselfup like acamel.

Themajorityunderstood thewordto mean acamel. All the more so, be-

cause theexpressiontiledbyOurLord was aproverbamong the Jews,naturally to signify something impossible. They had awealth of similar proverbial sayings.

Q.:Ofcourse,itdoesnotreallymatter which is correct as the idea behind both expressions is the same.

A.: Quite so. Our Lord was using the language of hyperbole, to emphasise the great obstacle put in the way of the Kingdom of Heaven by riches.

In the preceding verse,wereadthat Ile said to Hisdisciples:"Amen.Isay to you, that arich man shall hardly enter the Kingdom of Heaven." And when His disciples expressed astonishment at Isis words about the camel and the eye of aneedle and asked: "Who thencanbe saved?" Heanswered:"With men this

is impossible; but with God all things are possible."

"A.K.,"Mount Hawthorn:

Q.: When non-Catholics say the"Our Father," they add aphrase at the end that is not used byCatholics.

A.: That is so. After the phrase, "Deliverits from evil,"they add:"For thine is the Kingdom, the power and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen." Thisphraseis called aDoxology; it is asolemnconclusion totheprayer.

Q.: Whatis the reason for this difference?Isthisadditionalphrasefound intheBible?

A.: Thedoxology isnotfoundin the Vulgate, the official Catholic translation of the Bible; nor in the Codex Sinniticus, which is amanuscript belonging to the fourth century; nor in most of the Latin texts.

It is found in non-Catholic translations, for instance, in the commonly used Authorised Version. The reason for. this is that the doxology was in. corporated into many Greek texts of the New Testament, and from these found its way into the Protestant translations. Erasmusedited aGreek New Testament in 1516, which was widely used, and from which Luther madehistranslationintoGerman.Pro• bably,many othertranslationsintothe vernacular were based on Luther's translation.

Q.:IfitisnotintheBible,itmustbe aProtestant addition.

A. In the first place, you raise the question of the authenticity of the Doxology, that is whether or not it was an original part of the "Our. Father,"astaughtbyOurLord.

The answer to thisquestion is that, nowadays, most, if not all, biblical scholars, exegetes of the New Testament,rejectit. They do notconsider it as an original part of the "Our Father."

The chiefreason givenfor this judgment'is that nearly all the important Greek manuscripts, bymeansof which the New Testament has come to us, do not contain it. Furthermore, it was not recived by the early Fathers, such as Cyril of Jerusalem, Jerome,', Augustine, or Tertullian.

The second question you raise is whetheror notthe Doxologyissimply aProtestant addition. Theanswer is clearfrom whathasalreadybeensaid. It is not simply aProtestant addition, butaveryancientaswellasbeautiful prayer.

As has been stated already, afew Greek manuscripts contain it. It is includedalsoin themanuscriptsofthe Ancient Syrian Tradition, although these are few in number, and insome Latin manuscripts.

Furthermore, theLiturgyof theOriental Rites, Catholic as well as Schismatic, uses this doxology even to-day, andit isfound in the Ambrosian Rite of the Western Church. From all of which it follows that the doxology found its way into the'Biblical texts which contain it, through the Liturgy. We know that the Christians of the Apostolic age used it from the "Didache" or"Doctrine of the Twelve Apostles." They used it in part. Theirversionwas:"ThineisthePower and the Glory." It was a liturgical practice to answer the priest's prayer withacryofpraisetoGod. Itmight bemerely"Amen." Thiscryofpraise is called doxology. Hence the origin of this particular doxology.

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NATIONAL 'CATHOLIC RURAL MOVEMENT, LegalRightsof -

theMembersof'Co-OperativeSocieties

Sideline, PO ULTRY Is 0 IN

aProfitable Need of New Co-Operative Act

-- Reading

Matter for Farmers

LEGAL RIGHTS OFMEMBERS OF AOO-OPERATIVBINWA,

Everyqualifiedmemberofaco-oper• ative enterprise in Western Australia, whether it is acompany, registered undertheCompany'sAct,orasociety, registered under the Friendly Societies'Act,isentitledby thelaw to:

1. Adivision of the profits; in the formofdividends onhisshares at the rate specified in general meeting, and the balance of the surplus profits in the form of abonus in proportion to thebusinesshehasdonewiththe company or society.

1. Elect the directors or committee of management at the annual general meeting, or by specialresolution to remove adirector at any general meeting, as the voting rules permit.

3. Receive aprinted copyof the balance sheet, duly audited, every six months, with anotice of the annual general meeting.

d. Receive on request acopy of the memorandum and articles of Association("Rules"), atacost notinexcess of Is.

5. Inspect,free ofcharge, atany reasonable time: Theregisterofmembers, shares, directors; the account books, dealing with stock in trade, receipts and expenditure, assets and liabilities; the register of bills of sale, mortgage, and other charges, especially those affecting the property of the company.

6. Limited Liability. That is no member can be held liable for more than the nominal value of the shares he holds.

Added Advantages to aMember of a Society.

The Friendly Societies' Act enables amember to inspect, at any reason• able time the auditor's report, and the quinquennial valuation, which mustbe hungup in aconspicuousplace at the office ofthe society. Alsoafree copy of the list of shareholders must be

given to amember, whereas in acompany amember can be made to pay afeeforthislist.

Note: InNewSouth Walesmembers of co-operative enterpriseshave added. advantages, for the"Co-operative Act" enablesthem,besidesinspectingfree of charge the auditor's report, to receive acopy ofit with the notice of annual general meeting. And they can hold directors liable for any loss sustaindd by the society due to the wilful misconduct, gross negligence, or failure to complywiththerules,bythedirectors.

THERULESOFVOTING,

Votingisanimportantmatterinany companyorsociety,becausethe policy of thebusiness and the interestof the members depends on the directors• elected. The successorfailure of the business depends largely on the directors This is true of any company, butinaco-operativeitisofgreaterimportance because aco-operative is the most democratic kind of company in which every member is supposed to be very interested and taking an active part.

The law demands that every company in its Articles of Association states the number of votes that each member is entitled to. In ordinary companies amemberisentitledtoone vote for every 5shares up to a100; but in aco-operative, no matter how manysharesapersonhas,he canhave only onevote.

TheMethodofVoting.

Thereare two waysof voting,either byashowofhandsorbyapoll. Company law enacts that the normal met. hod isby ashowofhands,butthatif acertain number ofmembers demand it(atleastfive),apollhastohetaken.

Voting by Proxy.

In the case of apoll being taken it is commonly permitted formembers tovote byproxy,thatis foranabsent member to be represented by amem.

her present. The law, however,qualifies thisprivilege by limiting the numberof proxies that any one member may represent, and by insisting that the proxy must be in legal form (a document duly witnessed and up to date). The New South Wales Act limitsproxiesto 5.

Qualification to Vote.

The Articles of Association state what qualification aperson needs to vote. Usually the holderof one paidup share is entitled to vote. However there are cases in W.A. where a co-operative company limits the rights of voting to the holder of 10 shares, who is also aproducer(e.g., Westra. lian Farmers' Ltd.).

Voting for Directors.

Innominatingorvotingfordirectors it is well to remember that the law doesnotpermitaperson tobeadirectorwhoisconcernedinorparticipates inthe profitsofanycontractwith the company, or if he holds any other officeorplaceofprofitinthecompany.

(In NewSouth WalestheCo-operative Act declares ineligible for director a person who hasborrowed from the society, and it also prohibits adirector from voting on any issue in which he has apecuniary interest, otherwise thanasamemberandincommonwith other members.)

NEED OF ASPEOXAL OOZPERATIVE ACT.

Due tothe fact that thereisno speial Act governing co-operatives in Western Australia, the Articles of Association or the rules of the co-operative companies and societies contain verylittlematterrelatingtothe rights of the members. The rules seem to concern themselves more with the rightsofdirectors.

Amember of aco-operative in this State, to understand what his rights are, would need to make astudy of theCompanies'Act,andalso consult a lawyer, because he isleft in avast ignorance by hisownrulebook. Where. asinNewSouthWalesthe Parliament. ary Act demands thatthe"rules" ofa co-operative society must contain enough matter to make the member realise his rights in the co-operative andtoeasilyfollowthe position of the business.

The W.A. Companies' Act in itsgen. eral provisionssafeguards the rights of members of acompany, but every member of aco-operative should not have to buy the Companies' Act and study it closely to find out what his rightsare Tn factIbelieve that ifan ordinary farmer studied the Act for months he would still need to consult alawyerbefore hecouldbesurewhere he stood. The "Hiles" book should clearlystate all thoseprovisionsof the Act as they effect the member. Perhaps this will never he done until a special Act (a"Co-operative Act") is passed to enforce it. Astudy of the Companies' Art and the Friendly Societies Act will show that if he only knewit,amemberhasmany rights.

POULTRY—A PROFITABLE SIDELINE.

The present high prices for poultry have made the keeping of poultry a popular sideline with many farmers. Theindustry isasideline, because the greatest bulk of production comes from the wheat farms of the Wheat Belt. Thoughtherearemanypoultry keepers in the metropolitan area, they produce only25 per cent of the trade. The reason that fowl's do so well in the Wheat Belt is not that they get grain more easily, but also because conditionsare betterforthem in other respects.

Nofarmer should be withoutapoultry run. Apart from the food value to his own family, it might easily be themostprofitablepartof thefarm.

Though present prices for poultry are high, producers arenotsatisfiedto receive one-third of the price that it brings on the retail market, while the middle-men account for the other twothirds. It is to be hoped that with a poultry-keepers' co-operative, the producer can receive more, and at the same time the consumerbuy forless.

THE NEW TESTAMENT.

American Revision.

Thesedayseieryonereads. Agreat deal oftheliterature thatispublished is far from elevating, and much of it is positively harmful. There is no more effective antidote than the one proposed repeatedly by thePope—the readingofSacredScripture.

Our Catholic Douay-Rheims Chal. loner Bible goes back almost 200 years. Itisnowonder, then, thatwe findparts of itslanguagearchaic and, sometimes, almost unintelligible. Several years ago alarge committee of American Catholic Scripture'scholars set out to revise our old English ver. sion. The revised New Testament version wasduly publishedinAmerica and the Old Testament revision was promised. And nowwe haveanAustralianandNew Zealandeditionofthe Four Gospel's of this revised New Testament version. They are in four separate booklets and published by E. J. Dwyer (of Sydney and Brisbane).

The American revisers have met a long-felt need. They have given a great impetus to Scripture reading among the laity, and have quickened arapidly awakening interest in Holy ScriptureamongCatholicpeople. The format and arrangement of the text are modern There are informative footnotes. Obsolete words and forms have been eliminated. There is a brief introduction to each Book, providing the reader with the nature, occaArin, author, and similar points of information.

The new version cannot be regarded but asagreat boon.—J. 11.

(ANSCA Publications Department; St. Matthew 1/•; St. Luke, 1/-; St. John, 10d.; St. Mark, 9d. Retail only; postage extra; Cardboardcovers.)

SOCIAL JUSTICE SUNDAY PAMPHLET.

"The Land is YOUR Business"(16 ppwitharrestingcoverdesign),though primarily addressed to the city man, vitallyconcernseveryAustralian. Food shortages,suchasmeat,milk,andeggs, have at least awakener( in the citman an interest in the food he eats and its production, and, as he learns something about the country, so he is slowly learning that the countryman's problems are, in alarge measure, also his. Farmers debts, the mortgagingofland,thedwindlingrural population, the absence of social life, these are some of the problems destrovingthecountryand ultimatelyaf. fectingthecityman.

The statement tackles these problems with vigour and urgesmeasures such as diversified farming, the spread of co-operatives, the increase of rural amenities, proper rural education and so on. It then sets out ten ways in which the Governments can open the road tolet the farmersthrough to the solution of these problems, and concludes with an appeal to thecity man toback the farmerinformingthepublicopinion which will demandand get these essential reforms.

Domestic Problems Solved: By btnerlcanBlueFlameStoves. AtW.A.Stove Co.,Wellington-street,Perth. B6WT.

Communists' Kid-Glove Attack on Thornton Out of Step with Marxist- Leninist Policy a Socialism

Can Be Won in Peace!

I&,E.Thornton, generalsecretary o1 the Ironworkers' Federation, ,

and one of the most prominent Communists in Australia, has been censured in the Comunist press. In the Melbourne Communist paper,"Guardian," Thornton is charged bythe Victorian Patty secretary, Mr. J. D. Blake, with statements of policy which are "adenial of Marxism-Leninism, based on acompletelyfalse estimation of the existing situation."

Thornton was not mentioned by name, but the statements so unequivocably condemnedweremadeby him in Februayr and 'March of 1944.

The story of the censure, which would normally have made headlines in thedaily press, was played downby the"Guardian."

Obviously, it was felt that while Thornton had to be taken to task, the matter should not be made public.

It was left to the "Advocate," Melbourne Catholic weekly paper, to score afirst-class news scoop in revealing the real story behind the headline, "Careful Examination of Policy Need ed—Blake;" in the July 20 issue of the "Guardian."

No Awkward Publicity.

No faithful comrade reading the "Guardian" of that date would ha%e been startled by an article appearing under the name ofJ. D. Blake, Victorian secretary of the Australian Communist Party, says the"Advocate."

The article wasan attempttosatisfy the obligation of censuring one of the most prominent members of the Com= munist Party in Australia without drawingawkward attentiontothe fact.

"Is it because he (Thornton) has nowgrown so strong that the Party is unwilling to risk losing the support which he controls in the Irinworkers?" asks the"Advocate;" "or isit that the Party does not want to advertise any split in the movement because of the setback to the cause which such arevelation would occasion?"

False Theories.

The "Guardian" article reads;

"The resolution of the Political Committee on the revisionist policv pursued by Earl Browder in U.SA., calls for an examination of all policy documents to ensure that these false theor. ies have not crept into our own treat. mentof policy,Mr.J.D. Blake,Victoriansecretary of the AustrlianCommun. ist Party, said in apress statement last week.

"One such policy document, and a very important one, is the'Guardian.' An examination of anumber of issues from early 1944 draws attentiontotwo statements which reveal the influence of the Earl Browder policy.

"here they are:

"March 17, 1914:

'... along period of capitalist stabilisation is possible after the war.'

"February 11, 1911: We can see that anew situation is developing where the violence of the classstruggle is being expended during the war... Thisleaves the possibility afterthe warof amore orlesspeace. fill development to ahigher form of society.'"

'Both these stateemnts are adenial of Marxism-Leninism, and are based on acompletely false estimationofthe existing situation.

"The second statement flows from the wrong conception contained in the first one about 'stabilising capitalism; andgivesacompletelywrong presentation of the question of'peaceful deyelopuent.'

Itisthe accumulation ofpower and unity by the working class, side by sidewith theunderminingofthepower of the trusts and monopolies, which opens prospects of relatively peaceful

THE LATE MR.JACK MINIHAN

The death of Mr. Jack Minihen, in St. John of God's Hospital, on the 23rd, ult., bereaved the Archdiocese of oneofitsmostoutstanding Catholic personalities, Born in South Australia, he came West as a boy, and was educated at the Christian Brothers' College, Perth. In AN .he joined the State Civil Service, and held offices succes. sively in the Treasury, the Registrar General's Department,andin theState Insurance'Office, Since 1933 he was chief clerk in the latter.

Society, adevoted member of the St. Vincent de Paul Society, and amem. ber of the Civil Service Association.

In the old C,Y.M.S. he was captain of the cricket team. It was in the days when cricket was at its height and teams carried no loungers. In the years 1917 to 1922 the C.Y.M.S. won the premiership against very <trong opposition. Jack Minihan's leadership was an outstanding feature of this record of sport. In amatch of the semi-finals'old players will remember how, after completing adouble century, he was carried off the field shoulder high by his loved team mates and supporters.

All will cherish with fond recollection the memory of agreat friend, a true comrade, and one that will be missed in all quarters. May he rest in peace.

development, and notbecause the'violence of the class struggle has been expended.'

'loreuver, peaceful development sloes not mean at all the gradual growth of capitalism into socialism which the'Guardian' implies.

Revolutionary Leap.

"On the contrary, it still involves the revolutionary leap necessary to place political power in the hands of the working class as the initial step to socialism.

"Finally, it is evident that the work. ers and their allies in European countries have gonemuch furtheralong the road to undermining the power of the trusts and monopolies than we have been able todo inAustralia,and there is. nothing to show such aprocess will he entirely peaceful in Australia.

"The words,'peaceful development; must be understood in avery conditional sense, and in this sense the recent statement of Harry Bridges, leaderof the Longshoremen'sUnion on the West Coast, that'the strike is outmoded as aweapon,' is entirely wrong, and could only lead to disarming the working class at atime when it needs to hold on to every resource of power at its disposal."

NoMention ofThornton.

No mention of Thornton is made in the above official reprimand by the Victorian secretary of the Communist Party in Australia, and the reprimand is represented as acensure of certain statements appearing in the "Guardian" of February and March of last year.

No doubt, Mr. Blake and the"Guardian" truster) that readers would not check-up on the tiles, says"The Advocate;" but we were curious enough to do so—and what did we find?

The statements, condemned, as "a denial of Marxist-Leninism and based on acompletelyfalse estimation of the existing situation," slid appear in the "Guardian," but they were reported statements attrihuted to the general secretary of the Ironworkers' Federation, Mr. Ernest Thornton.

The statement of March 17, 1944, appeared under aheading,"Socialism Can Be Won in Peace," which said: "Tivo internationally-kndwn Communists — American Party leader, Browder, and the Australian trade .union leader. Thornton—have declared 'A long period of capitalist stabilisation ispossible after thewar, with possihility of peaceful transition to Socialism."',

"NewSituation."

The statement of February 11, 1944, was published under a five-column nearlline."Peaceful Transition to Socialism Possible;" with the two-column sub-heading, "Thornton Reports Developmentof NewSituation." The report states:

"The general secretary of the Ironworkers'Federation (Mr.E.Thornton), reporting to the union's Federal Council, which met last week, said:

"We are now faced with asituation where there'is quite apossibility of a peaceful transition to Socialism in the future. When we consder the terrific loss oflife and bloodshed this war has broughtand willbring,wecan seethat anew situation is developing where the violence of the class struggle is beingexpended during the war. This leaves the possibility after the war of

His whole life was given to helping alongthepoorandneedy,andinactivities which meant so much to the rising generation in the sphere of clean and healthy sport. Thename ofJack Minihan will go down in memory as a most charitable benefactor. In the sick wards of the hospitals, in the "var&of theold men at"Sunset," and amongst the lowly tanks of sick humanity, Jack was afamiliar figure, always acheerful giver of something to help on life's closing stages. Awon. derful personality, his friends were legion; always an indefatigable worker in charitable organisations, and an outstanding helper in Catholic affairs, he shunned the limelight. Aprominent public officergavehis versionthat, besides being "full of human kindness, he was aman with awhite soul."

He was aprominent officer of the Aquinas' Old Boys' Association, an outstanding leader of the holy Name

amore orlesspeacefuldevelopment to ahigher form of society."

It will be interesting to see'what happenedtoThornton, saysthe"Advocate." Ile has been disciplined by the Party before because of an individualistic approach to various questions, this individualism expressing itself in the form of avery large ego," according to the District Decisions of the Party Plenum, October 21, 1932, published in the "Workers' Weekly," Communist organ in N.S.W. 'fr.'Thornton was expelled from the partyin 1932,butin thefollowingyear, after an abject apology,and apromise of reform, he was're-admitted to the party.

.Mr. Thornton is now on his way to Parisasadelegate totheInternational Trade Union Congress. ,

Requiem mass for the repose of his soul wasofferedinSt.Mary'sCathedral on July25by Very Rev. Dr. Kennedy, Adm. The interment took place afterwards at Karrakatta, the last prayers being recited by Rev. Dr. Collins, assistedbyVeryRev. Dr. Kennedy, Rev. Father O'Connor, and Rev. Father Donnelly.

The pall-bearers were: Messrs. J. Tully, W. Schocker, J, Edwards, H. Goerke, J. Colbert, W. Ilown, IIon:A. R:G. Hawke (Deputy Premier), lion. E. Nulsen (Minister for justice and Health), and Police Commissioner J. Doyle.

Among thosepresentwere: Mesdames M. E. O'Donoghue, M. P. Ross, M. Groessler, J. Hassell; Messrs. J. Colbert, J. Doyle, R. A. Davidson, A. Riordan, J. O'Donoghue, J. Edwards, J. J. Conway, J. J. O'Henery, G. E. Cogan, A. G. Brennan, F. Guerin, H, Hurley, J. P. Gourboules, H. Goerke, C.'Iuirson, R. J. Little, W. V. Gray, J. Beasley, Jim Finnegan, J. Gleeson, E. L. Groessler, H. Gallagher, Dick Kingdom, W. Brennan, M. P. Ross, W. Dwyer, M. Burke, J. McIntyre, T. Parkinson, J. Tully. P. R. Jackson, M. Maher, J. Sykes, Elgar O'Mahony, D. Williams, E. Le B. Henderson, F. A. Atkinson, H. 1I. Brennand, W. S. Andrew, A. R. G. Hawke, F. F. Anderson, W. S. Bown, S. McManus, R. Joyce, J. NC. Smith, W, Gipivan,J. W. Tobin, J. A. Norrish, Jack Dullard, Avery Guhl, Jim Hassell, Sydney Smith, J. T. O'Hagan, C. H. Golding, E. Kelly, T. Ahern, J. R. Campbell, J.G. Canny, Ben Carter, F. J. Bryant, E. L. Wilson, F. E. Taylor, E. A. Worboys, S. R. Hill, A. E. Heagney, W. T. Casey, At. P. Clarke, T. J. Con(ion, C. Poole, Jas. Daly, Jack Boylan, F. Goddard, R. J. Miller, Joseph Charles, George Wyburn,J. Preston, S. F. R. Anderson, T. D. Murphy, J. Colreavy, H. P. Wallace.

Just landed, new .Gas Fires and Room Heaters; also Enamel sauce pans. At W.A. Stove Co., Perth.

Confusion Follows the Potsdam Conference

RussiaWalksOffWith50PerCentof N`tovabieGermanProperty

What is Happening

in Persia?

Colossal Looting of Red Army

It was decided at Potsdam that a council of British, American, French, Russian and Chinese Foreign Ministers will meet in London to draw up for submissiontothe UnitedNationspeace treaties with formerenemy countries— Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Roumania and Finland—and proposed settlements of European territorial problems.

Russia is to get Koenigsberg, capital of East Prussia, and the eastern section of the State. Poland is to get that part of Germany east of an af)proximate north-south line made by the Oder and Neisse Rivers and that part

of East Prussia (including Danzig) not given to Russia.

.Neutral countries are to be invited to join the United Nations. Only Spain,under itspresent regime, will be barred.

The first peace treaty to be made will be with Italv, as she was first to break with the Axis, helped the Allies in the defeat of Germany, and has since declared war on Japan.

Transfers of German populations from Poland, Czechoslovakiaand Hungary to be suspended :while the Allied Control Council in Germane examines the problem of equitable distribution between the various zones of occupation.

The Russian proposal for the extension of the authority of the Russiansponsored Austrian Provisional(Ren. ner) Government throughout,'Austria as soon as the British and American forces enter Vienna will be re-examined.

Steps will be taken to prepare for the eventual reconstruction of German

political life on ademocratic basis to enable eventual peaceful co-operation in international life by Germany.

All Nazi laws which. provided the basis of the Hitler regime, or established discrimination on grounds' of race, creed or political opinion, will be abolished. No such discriminations, whether legal, administrative or otherwise, will be tolerated.

The Bear'sShare.

Russia is to get thelions—orshould we say the bear's?—share of German property. According to the Associated Press, New Yor!c, the Potsdam agreementhasthe effectofgivingRussia about 50 per cent. of movable German property, according to officials with knowledge of preliminary negotiations.

Negotiators had an estimate of how property should be divided between the eastern and western zones, which showed thatabout 45percent.oftotal German capital assets covered by the agreement were in the Russian zone.

During the war, however, and in the immediate pre-war period the Germansbuiltupthe industryin theeast, where some of the nation's largestand most efficient units were established.

In addition to the 45 percent. inthe Russian zone, the Soviet was given, under the Potsdam agreement, 10 per cent. of certain capital equipment in the western zone, making the totalRussian gain roughly 50 per cent. of the whole movable equipment.

Rumblings in Persia.

One of the questions raised, but not settled, was the withdrawal of all foreign troops, from Persia. According to Alexander Clifford,"Daily Mail"

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correspondentat Cairo, quotedby Australian Associated Press recently, there isreal andgrowing tension at Teheran, due to Russia's slowness or refusal to withdraw her troops.

"Queer and sinister things have been happening which have badly scared the Persians," he says. "There are three reasons for their uneasiness:

"(l),

There isaBritish and Russian censorship at Teheran. Britain, although-still at war.does not use it exceptfor purely military matters. The Russians, who are not at war, use the censorship rigorously against 'British andAmericancorrespondentsonapolitical basis.

"12) Persia requested the Allies to. withdraw troops from Persian territory. Britain, although she has vital oil interestin the south, offered to consider the Persian proposals sympathetically. Russia did not reply at all.

"(3) Supplies for Russia via Persia have been stopped and Britain has handed backhersectiono£ the railway to the Persians. The Russians are hanging on to their section, although they do not use it.

"Clarification is needed of the Red Army's reluctance to quit North Persia," adds the correspondent. "Troops of the Persian Armv are prevented from going up to that sealed-off area to quell disturbances."

Other questions raised at Potsdam, but notsettled,were asfollow:

(1) Russia is reported to have pro-q posed that at least part of the Italian colonial empire be placed under trusteeship in such amanner that the Soviet and other principal Allies would have joint authority.

(2) Afour-Powers' conference to settle the Syria-Labanon issue. Russia is reported to have favoured aconference, but Witain and America opposed it. '

'(3) Russia wished to have the Do. dec•anese Tslands placed under trusteeship,instead ofbeing ceded to Greece, as suggested by Britain and America.

(4) It is known that there is general agreement among the Big Three that Italy- should be deprived of her possessions in the Aegean and Africa, but the future control of these areas is undecided.

"Stalin Got All He Wished."

The general reaction in the United States to the Potsdam Conference is summed up in the words of Senator Taft. who is reported to have said, "Stalin got all he wkhed." Comment from many quarters is that the "Big Three" conference was again avivtory for Russia,

Acrnrding to "lderald" Special Screwp report from Wnshington (Fridavl:

The rnmmunique's silence regardine the Russn-Pnlish bnrrler is taken as intlivat;nt that the Qm.iet has decided that demarcation for herself.

Malin is

believed nw merely to have received crvrvtlpno he nrieinally demanderl re-arrl;nz Poland., but. despite the Atlantir Charter. to have won British and American support for the annexation of part ofGermany.

Russia receives the lion's share of renaratirns, w•hirh some commentators interpret as meaning that virtually all Germanv's machine tnnls and industrial equipment will eventnaliv ro

to Russia, thus makinr her the foremost indnstrinl nation of Europe.

There kconsiderable sperulatinn as to the fate of theGerman fleet. Am. erien will not welcome its passing into Russian hands.

The New York "Times" Lives nrominence to aletter from Mr. Tohn T Flvnn, aprominent evonomir,

rTrert. nointine out tb•t as

the only nmverfuI navies left in the world are those of Britain and America. 'talin's recent forecast that Russia,would shortly be nrrn,rl or her vast fleet is arhaltenee.

Fl-

nn nnnoses American lendine to Russia or anv other countrywhile her retmtrcet are devoted to building up armaments

Xo B;g Three declaration received

less enthusiasm in the United States than the Potsdam communique.

The general reaction is one of mild disappointment that the conference, after 17 days' discussion, was able to reachagreementonsuelyalimitedfield.

Opinion is that the peace conference now seems to be indefinitely postponed, and that there is unlikely to be any formal conference'like Versailles.

Washington is asking how far President Truman was forced to yield on his aim of obtaining relaxation of So. viet control is eastern Europe. He went to Potsdam seeking broader based governments in those countries in eastern Europe, and the Balkans, which are at present Communist dominated.

Diplomatic circles also see danger in the creation of new "Alsace-Lorraines," also in the uprooting of populations. Thev sav the Potsdam communique contemplates the largest mass migra. tion in human history, RedArmyStripping Vienna.

Meanwhile, the rampage of the Red Army in Europe continues unabated andone of thegreatest lootingsof his. tory is in progress. Very few reports of this colossal rapine appears in our newspapers, for the news services that feed our papers are still affected by the illusion, that -

Russia can do no wrong. One unexpected and significant report appeared in a "Herald" Special Service item on Saturday— from New York, it will be noted, not from London, where the Reuter's carteloperates forthe suppression ofvital information.

The pro-Labour newspaper, the New York "Post," according to the H.S.S., 'reportsthat the RedArmy isstripping Vienna. (Is thisbecause Stalin failed to get the Potsdam Conference to recognise the Russian-sponsored Austrian provisional government under Renner?)

Officially, says the N.Y, "Post," the Russians are removing only Nazi property and machinery installed'in factories since 1038. Actually, no property is safe.

Freight trains are rumbling out of Austria filled with machinery, amomobiles, furniture,farm machinery aml personal belongings, like linen, lace and draperies.

Jews, social democrat workers, and concentration camp victims are stripped of their possessions, along with ntorious Nazis.

\\'hole factories, operating for year,,

; !,,More the ansrhluss, have been dismantled. Sometimes the Red Army mashed machinerywhichthey had decv!ed to leave behind.

The New York "Post" admits that these happenings could easily he used to promote discord between the Allies and adds that, unfortunately, no honest observer can ignore them.

ANNOUNCEMENT.

This is to notify the public that Mr. and \frs. Philip Giles and Mr. Emmet Rvan have taken over the old-established business of Mr. T. Newby, Poul1ry Auctioneers and Egg Salesmen, of the Metropolitan Markets, Perth, and which businesswill he known in future as"Gilesand Rvan." Mr. Philip Giles has had alife-time of practical experience in theeggand poultrytrade. For man\. years he was assisted by Mrs. Giles in the management of Nelson and Sons, Ltd. The new firm has engaged astaffwhich is thoroughly competent inall branches ofegg and poultry marketing, thus clients are assured of expert attention, very best prices. and prompt payments for all consignments entrusted to them.

H.A.C.B.S.

Catholic Social Guild

•

The Formaticu of anApostle.

The Enquiry method, used in Catholic Action formation, is prudent in its aim, in as much as it is designed to prepare' the mind for action, to deter. mine aplan of campaign.

What of its technique?

St. Thomas Aquinas names three thingsintheoperationofprudence,i.e., Consulting, or the investigation of facts; an act of judgment about these facts; adecision how toactas aresult of the investigation and the judgment.

The Enquiry method contains these three things: See, Judge, Act. Bee.

All the problems of the environment is studied one by one, week by week.

The members of the Leaders' Group gather the facts concerning the problem under discussion, for example, the conditions of the young worker's life and all its activities, social, religious, industrial. They find out what lies behind thefacts, for example,why so many young Catholic workers give up the practiceof religion, the varying influences of home, of working condi. tions, of companions. Judge.

To gather all the facts may be interesting; it is not sufficient. The facts mustbe judged. That is to say, the members of the group must examine these facts in the light of true Christian principles, in the light of the spirit and ideals of their Catholic Action Movement.

They must judge in the light of Christian principles. Therefore they must learntoseethese principles clearly. They mustdevelop the right outlook, thev must get aCatholic mentality. They see the truths of religion applied to life; they see where afact is right or wrong, and why it is right or wrong; they are able to appraise the effects of abad influence,why itis that certain modesof action,for example, the use of leisure time lead to re-

ligious indifference or to immoral habits.

Act.

On('e again it is not sufficient that the leader should see the situation clearly and judge it correctly; he must be prepared to act. The Enquiry method is designed to that end. Ilow can the environment be changed from what it is to what it ought to be?

What action can the leaders take, presumably, as agroup, as anational organisation? This is the objective.

LAND OF HOPE.

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St. Canice'sBranch,Cottesloe.

'1m Home"to Shenton Park and Su. biaco Branches and Parish Sodalities and Societies.

"An outstanding social success," wa+ the unanimous verl:ct of all who, de. spite the inclement weather, on Wednesday, August S, made their way to the Star of the Sea Hall. The occa. lion w•as the Branch "At Home" to Holy Rosary (Shenton Park) and St. Kevin's ISubiaco) Branches. St.Canice's invited representatives of all p+rish sodalities and societies to attend the function. Those represented were Holy Name Society, Ch;ldren of Mary, Catholic Women's League, Young Christian Workers, Tenn;s Club, and Choir. The attendance was retween 50and60, the Servicesbeingrepresented by khaki and Air Force blue uniforms. The organising of the games programme was in the capable hands of ourPresident,Bro.J.Harvey,andBro. J. M.Murphy,whoare tobecommended on the smooth working of the programme for the evening's entertainment.

A prompt start was made on the various games. Drying the evening8 teams of 6players were occupied in parlorbowls. Despite the fact that a number of players were novices at the game, they soon developed the"technique" of the seasoned players and there were someveryexcitingmatches.

As ateam would finish bowls, they would take their place at either darts or quoits. Here also therewas plenty of excitement. The table tennis table was well patronised throughout the evening.

The novelty item of the evening was the "Quiz Session." Two representatives ofeachbranch and thevisiting sodalities and societies took their place on the stage. As expected, the answers to some questions caused considerable Amusement. Quiz master, J. Murphy, was in charge of this en. joyable item.

Speeches were cut down to aminimum. Bro. Haney gave abrief but very sincere welcome to all, thanking them for their attendance, despite the unfavourable weather. Rev. Father Belly, branch chaplain, thanked the branch on behalf of the parish societies and sodalities for their thoughtful invitationand hospitality. SisterWillett, on behalf of the Metropolitan Social Council, thanked the branch for their hospitality, and congratulated them on the splendid success of the evening.

Atasty supper, prepared by the ladies, was thoroughly enjoyed by all.

Members are reminded that the branch quarterly Communion will be held on the fourth Sunday in August, and afull attendance of members is confidently expected.

Qt. Mary's Branch, Leederville.

Members are reminded that at the meeting on Wednesday next the District Board will make its official visit.

Every member is requested to be present on this important occasion. At this meeting also preliminary consideration will hegiven totheformwhich thebranchwelcome hometoourmembers on active service will take. Every member will desire to participate in these arrangements.

The quarterly Communion of members will take place at the 7o'clock Mass on Sunday, 26th. inst.

Annual Retreats.

TEACHERS 'AND PUPILS, now that theAugust holidaysare here, ,

we hope you will be able to call and seeus andinspect ourbooks.

THEJUNIOR LIBRARYissteadily increasing in membership and we ex. pect quite afew new members and visitors over the holidays. Several new books are being added to cope withthe reading demand for holidaytime.

Here are a-few children's gift books recently added to the Book Department:

CLAUDINE AT ST. CLARE'S. By Enid Blyton. 8/6.

THE ISLAND OF ADVENTURE.By Enid Blyton. 12/9.

TALES OF TOYLAND. By Enid Blyton. 6/9.

TREASURE ISLAND. By R. L. Stevenson. 7/6.

MANY INVENTIONS. By Rudyard Kipling. 6/9.

MARY POPPINSOPENSTHEDOOR By P. L. Travers. 10/6.

FROISSART'S CHRONICLES. By 1t. G. Edgar. 6/9.

THE STORY OF THE OTHER WISE MAN. By Henry Van Dyke. 3/-.

TALES OF THE SEA. By Conan Doyle, Charles Kingsley, Edgar Allan Poe, etc., etc. 3/2.

SEVEN WHITE GATES. By Malcolm Saville. 9/6.

TRIUMPHANT PIMPERNELS. By Ivy Middleton. 8/-.

SELECTED STORIES. By Rudyard Kipling. 4/-.

'KIM. By Rudyard Kipling. 4/-.

A few nice light novels, for gifts or travel reading, twe suggest:

"The Wood and the Trees." By Mary Mitchell.

"Miss Paraffin." By Oliver Sandys.

"Never Look Back." By Denise Robins.

"Sinners in Clover." By Stanley P. Toye.

"A Month in Summer." By John Lindsey.

"Come LadsandLasses." ByMargaret Maddocks.

Add to Your Catalogue:

Fiction:

"Bricks Upon Dust." By Paul Tabori.

"Without Knowing .fir. Walkeley. By Edith Oliver.

"The Gorse and the Briar." By Patrick McEvoy.

"The Skaters' Waltz." By Elizabeth Kyle.

"The Basilisk of St. James." By Elizabeth Myers.

Travel:

"Lapland Journey." By Halliday Sutherland.

"Australia Through aWindscreen." By William Hatfield.

"ProwlingThrough Papua." By Frank Clone.

"Atlantic Meeting." By H. V. Morton.

"Australian Journey." By Paul McGuire.

Ae. T

(SPINA EA

L) aAdjustments,ra"oCw

Removethe 7 V*wars E

aowEl C1lU.4eof wee wwn r"w"zAMU-

D 1 S E A S E

CONSULT THE QUALIFIED CHIROPRACTOR atMcLAREN'S CHAMBERS,144 WILLIAM St., PERTH. 'PHONE B2682.

"The Chiropractor never resorts to Drugs or Surgery;he merely tries to relieve the impinged nerve and leaves the rest to nature."—Encyclopaedia Britanuica." 'Mr.AndrewMartin

As alreadv announced, the Annual Retreats will take place on the Sth. and 9th. September: the Retreat for women at the Sacred Heart Convent, ilighgate, and the Retreat for men at the Redemptorist Monastery-

,North Perth. Intending retreatants should give their names into their branch secretary or the Grand Secretary not later than Mondav, 3rd. prox.

District Board Visits to Branches.

The District Board made its annual visit to St. Patrick's Branch on 20th. inst., and the members of the delega. tion were greeted by agood meeting, notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather. As usual the affairs of this branch were found to be in first-class order. Afew new members were in. itiated during the year.

The District Board will visit the Holv Rosary Branch, Shenton Park. on September 7.

Established IS74.

OfficialOrganof the Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressall communicationsto the Editor,Box A35, G.P.O., Perth.

TELEPHONE: B6950.

Catholic Appointed Arbitration President

450 HAY STREET, PERTH.

PERTH, NVEDNESDAY.

AUGUST Z.', 1945.

Foreign Policy Drifts

The first outline of foreign policy t0 be followed by Britain's new, Labour Government was given during the week by the Foreign Secretary, Mr. Begin. It did much to dispel the disquietude roused by Professor•Laski's irresponsible attacks and forebodings upon the future of Spain and China. The English Labour Party is ill-served by intellectual extremists of the type of Laski and the fatitastic unreality of their outlook will become more marked with the passage oftime. To suggest that Britain could, or should, bring economic pressure to hear to change the regime in Spain when she herself is in the throes of an economic crisis as to food and housing, is egregious nonsense. The Professor's advocacy of acoalition to which the Republicans who betrayed Spain would he admitted is of apiece with the notion that Sir Oswald Moseley and "Lord Haw-Hats" should be admitted to the British Cabinet. On the other hand. Laski's aim in China —"to protect the people against semi-Fascist forces of the Right Wing'—would he avery doubtful venture for Britain, hoth as to honour andpracticability,although it would suit Stalin'shookwell enough.

MR, E.A.DUNPHY.

The appointment of Mr. E. A. Dunphyas thePresidentoftheArbitration Court wasannounced by the Premier (Mr. Wise) after a meeting of the Executive Council last week. Mr. Dunphy will take up the office from August 28, upon the retirement ofMr. President Dwyer. This position carries with it the status, salary, pension and privileges of ajudge of the Supreme Court.

Mr. Dunphvis the secondsonofMr. W. H. Dunphy,andcomesofanotable Catholic family. Ile was born in Perth in 1907. At one time there were four members ofthe family practising law in Perth, Mr. Dunphy, and three of his sons.

He received his education at Christian Brothers'College, Perth, and was then articled tohis father, of the firm of Dwyer, Durack and Dunphy, being admittedtotheBarinDecember,1932.

Arcobiociese

ARCHBISHOPS ZNGAGZKZNT8.

August 26:

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Patrick's Cbarch, Katanning.

August 80:

Afternoon: Administer the Saorsment of Confirmation tochildren attending Religious Holiday School at Katanning.

August 91:

Morning: Administer the Sacrament of Confirmation to children atendutg Religous Holidav School at Wagin.

Afternoon: Administer Sacrament of Confirmation to children atending Religious Holiday Scholl at karrogin.

September6: 8.30 a.m.: Preside at ceremony of Reception at St. Joseph's Convent, Fremantle.

September9:

Canonical Visitation and Confirma. tion at St. Brigid's Church, West Perth.

September 18: Enrolment of members of the Holy Name Society at Boys' Town, Clon. tarf.

September 24-28: AttendSenior Priests'Retreatatthe Redemptorist Monastery, North Perth.

Catholic Broadcasts

September2--St.Mary'sCatheral:

But, tthile applauding ,Mr. b'egin's refreshingly sane uutluok -that foreign intervention might have very different effects front thine contemplated by such people as 1'rufessor Laski, and that thequestion of the Spanish regime wasone for the peopleof Spain alone to decide, one cannot but remark on the general inconsisleucyof British foreign policy inauguratedunder the Coalition

Go\ernutcnt. Criticism of the Governments of Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania is probably welljustified.as Russia will havearrangenl for puppets to take over, but it is suntewhat naive to trust at the same tinte•toassurances from the Polish Government asto free elections and other matters. And where are the Baltic States' They have conveniently slipped front ntentory. But the greatest irouv of the whole situation is the determination of the RigThree that each nation shall befree to determine its own form ofgovernntent when the most powerful of the Three in Europe is a nice, tight little despotism whose people are as profoundly enslaved a, ever the Germans were Mr. Bevin may talk of Britain's resoluteaim "toprevent the substitution ofone form of totalitarianism for another." but who is goingtoapply the formula to the Soviet'

•

•

Thesituation in Eastern Europe isquiteclear,and that is that Eastern Europe is lust. It

is within the sphere of Soviet power politics and all the pious ideology of the Atlantic Charter is unavailing against that fact. Of even more concern to the Pacific Powers, however, is the grave internal crisis facing China. And like the military aid ofthe last nine years, policy towardsChina is heart-breakingly slotsand hesitant. The outbreak of civil v:ar in China might very seriously complicate the arrangements for the surrender of Japan. And it would not be past understanding if China's patience with the Allies had broken down to the extent of bring willingtomakeconsiderable sacrifices to Russia in exchange for peace and internal unit\,

. it has become atrite saving, l;ut it has lost none of its forces, that the Allied nations alight very, very easily lose the peace.

His career since then has been an eminentlysuccessful one. At the age of 30 he was appointed Crown Solicitor and ParliamentaryDraftsman—the youngest man in the British Empire tohold suchaposition. Ilehassince conducted all the major civil casesfor the Crown, and represented this State before the High Court on the uniform tax case. In 1943 he became the youngest King's Counsel in the Commonwealth at the time. Ile specialised, before joining the Crown Law Department, in industrial law and workers compensation cases.

Ile is an honorar• member of the Adult Education Board, the Broadcasting Committee, and the Barristers' Board, and is Vice-President of the Law Society of W.A. Until twelve months ago he was an active member of the V.D.C.

Eminent Philosopher Dies

the death is reported from Mungret College, Limerick, Eire, of Father William Kane, SJ., in his90th. year. Ile was aProfessor of Philosophy for 40 years, and many young priests in Australia studied under him. Before entering the Society of Jesus, Father Kane wasajudge in South Africa. Ile came of aremarkable family, one of his brothers,Father Robert Kane,S.J., being known in Ireland as the"poet orator,"and theother, FatherP. Kane, S_., as the"Welsh bard." The three Jesuits were nephews of Sir Robert Kane, Astromer Roval, and cousins of CommanderKaneoftheCalloppe.

Father Joseph Regan, a missionary in China, concluded arecent sermon with astrong plea to support the par. ish. immediately after the service, his washerwoman, San Sao, advanced to the sanctuary and placed two dol. lars on thealtar rail. Other, magnetised, followed suit.

The next day the priest sought San Sao to thank her for the liberal contribution to the church. "Contrite" said the old woman puzzled. "Ijust bring what Ifind in your pocket when Iwash last week." -"Catholic Transcript."

11 a.m.: Missa Cantata: Celebrant: Rev. T. Prendiville. Preacher: Rev. E. Sullivan, D.D.

Choir willsing"Missa Quarti Tui" (Vittoria).

Septemberl"t.Mary'sCathedral: 7.30 p.m.: Sermon and Benediction. Preacher Rev. H.IBrennan.

October7—St.Mary'sCathedral: 11 a.m.; Missa Cantata. Preacher: Rev. K. Slowey.

..October 21 (Mission Sunday)-4t. Mary Cathedral: 11a.m.: HighMass. Preacher: Rev. J. J. Rafferty.

November 4--St. Mary's Cathedral: 11 a.m.: Missa Cantata. Preacher: ARedemptorist Father.

Ncvember18—St.Patrick's,Fremantle: Preacher: An OblateFather.

December 2--St. Mary's Cathedral: 11 a.m.: Missa Cantata. Preacher: ARedemptorist Father.

December9—St.Mary'sCathedral: 7.30 p.m.: Benediction and Sermon. Preacher: AJesuit Father.

LIVINGWITHTHECHURCH

August 26—Fourteenth Sunday after Pentecost(Green): Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Lephvrinus. 3rd. prayer"A cunetis." Creed. Preface of the Trinitv.

August 27—St. Joseph Calasantfus, Confessor(White): Mass proper.

August 28-St.iAugustine, Bishop,Con. feseor, andDoctor (White): Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Hermes. Creed. Common Preface. August 29—The Beheading of. St. John the Baptist(R.ed)t \rags proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Sabina. NoCreed. Common Preface, August 9D--St. Rose of Lima, Virgin (White): Mass"Dilexisti." 1st. prayerof the Proper. 2nd. prayerofSS. Felixand Adauctus.

August 91—St. Raymund Nonnatus, Confessor(White): Mass"Os justi."

September 1-Saturday Mass of the Blessed Virgin(White): \fags"Salve." Gloria. 2nd. prayer of St. Giles. 3rd, prayer of the Twelve Ifoly Brothers, No Creed. Preface ofthe Blessed Virgin.

Prayer is the Food and Support- of Faith'

Ordinary Means Necessary to Salvation

.FidelitytoMorning&NightPrayers

Prayeristheliftingupofthe created mindand heartto God. This may be done in the forms of adoration, praise, thanksgiving, and other tributes paid to the various excellencies of the Divine Majesty, or else in the form of petitions for favours of different sorts.

The first is the nobler kind of prayer,

• in as far as it is occupied with the Divine perfections rather than with ourown needs, which formthe subject of petitions.

Prayer is anexerciseof the virtueof religion—its chief exercise, if one ex. cepts the offering of sacrifice to God. The Scriptures indeed speak of the "sacrifice of praise," of the sacrifice of "anafflictedspirit," butin asecondary and less strict sense. However, sacrifice properly so called—in Catholic worship, the Sacrifice of the Mass—is itself the prayer in action of the Sacred Heart of Our Lord in which we have the privilege of joining.

Prayer, taken in connection with faith, includes an exercise of that virtue—at least with those who have knowledge of God through revela. tion, and not merely by the light of natural reason; but is it also the food andsupport offaith. For communion withGod and the things of God keep the soul in close contact with the truths of the world beyond our ken, which, because unseen, do not force themselves upon our notice as objects of sense do. Thus, unless they be constantly re-impressed upon the mind by contemplation of them, they are likely to become faint and dim, and even to pass altogether from our consideration. Itis true that in Baptism the Holy Ghost infuses into the soul those three supernatural powers, or habits, as they are called, of faith, hope, and charity, and that of these only the last-named is ever forfeited by grievous sin—unless it be a sin directly against faith or hope. But these habits will lie in the soul like a sced in wintry ground, and remain practicaliv inactive unless exercised as prayer exercises them; they will cease toexert any influence on our lives and conduct and the result will be falls into sin.

Then, sin—especially of amore degraded and animal class—when long persevered in without repentance or periodic efforts to amend, has ablinding effect upon the spiritual sight of the soul, and makes the latter an easier prey to temptations against faith, and consequently against hope, which reds on faith.

Abandonment of Prayerthe Beginning of Evil.

Such, we Make it. is the history of many aloss of faith among Catholics. The process began with abandonment of prayer; long years of wallowing in sin followed; and then "difficulties" and self-sufficient criticism of the faith and all belongingto it soon developed. Aman easily becomes sceptical about truths that are aconstant rebuke to his invariable conduct. So, if only out of self-respect, he will look about for some pseudo-intellectual pretext for his misdoings, which, by weakening the authority of Catholic principles, will help todeaden the sting which these are constantly fixing upon his conscience.

Mental and Vocal Prayer.

Meditation, or prayerful pondering over religious truths within the mind without verhal utterance, is particularIVuseful for impressing Divine truths upon thesoul,and forexciting thewill to act in harmony with their teaching. But thiskind of prayeris not suitable for all alike, since—apart from. some special gift of God not unfrequently

precept, though he may by no means satisfy his spiritual need. That need imperatively claims to.be considered. This life of outs—particularly for younger people

-is full of great temptations and trials. Some, again, are tempted with exceptional violence to indulge one passion or another. So people need to remember that God gives His help—His abundant help— for the asking: "Ask, and you shall receive."

times, too, there will be venial sin in ' the omission incidentally; that is, not on account of the more omission it. self, but owing to a venially sinful motive for omitting—e.g., human respect, sheer indifference and laziness, or, with extremely foolish young folk, the pleasure of shocking others or of flying in the face of advice.

Plea for Morning Prayers.

given to illiterate people—it supposes certain mental qualities not possessed by all. Besides, there are amongst tee educated not afew who find special difficulty in the practice -

ofmental prayer. But the need of such persons is supplied by vocal prayer, which means the recital aloud, oC secretly, of set forms of prayer either learnt by heartorread fromaprayer-book.Even for those capable of meditation an oc. casional use of vocal prayer is advisable. Otherwise worship will not be as perfect, since the external element of worship appertaining to the body will be lacking.

DifferentUsesoftheMindinVocal Prayer.

Of course, vocal prayer inivolves the attention of the mind, and hence its mentalelement. Itwill beusefulhere to translate apassage from St.Thomas Aquinas: "It is to be observed, however, that there are three kinds of attention that can be applied to vocal prayer: the first, where aperson attends to the words lest he make mistakes therein; thesecond, whereattention is paid to the meaning. of the words; and the third, where attention is directed towards the end (object) of the prayer—that is to say, toGod and to the thing prayed for—which (form of attention) isspecialIvnecessary,and can be possessedeven

by the ignorant; and sometimes this bent of the mind fixing itself on God may so strongly prevail that the mind loses sight of everything else, as Hugh of St. Victor says."

Prayer Necessary for Salvation, and Why.

In avery real sense prayer isnecessary for salvation, being in God's providence the ordinary means of obtaining the helps we need for saving our souls.

We sav that God always gives to saint and sinner alike sufficient grace to avoid sin, especially mortal sin, which is the only insuperable obstacle to our gaining Heaven. This is literally and absolutely certain. The contrary spells heresy. But, notice, Almighty God is not bound, nor does it seem to be Hisusual practice, to give this sufficient grace ready-made, so to -ay,toone whodoes notseek I id; but rather Ile bestows the materials for it in the form of the gracetopray, and we, co-operating duly with this grace, are quite able to overcome the grievous temptation. This grace to pray is never denied to anyone. A man can always pray (Ido not say with ease, inclination, comfort), and God will never refuse to grant aprayer of this kind. So that it is is true that Ile always places within man's reach sufficient help to avoid the loss of his sold.

But on our part there is often great wastage of grace. We do not exert our wills to work with it properly.

Prayer Commanded.

The Obligation to Pray.—Theologians teach us that prayer is positive- lc commanded, and hold that it must be used frequently, the teaching of revelation as contained in the Bible being unmistakable on this point."Let nothing hinder thee from praying always." Our Lord, as the Evangelist tellsus, spokethe parableofthejudge and the importunate Widow to show "that we ought always to pray, and not to fail" St. Paul, too, says: "Pray without ceasing." But when theologians come to inquire what de. gree of frequency is commanded, they are unable—for want of data—to arrive atanyprecise result. Practically speaking, even afar from fervent Catholic will abundantly satisfy the

Prayer Morning and Night.

Morning and Night Prayers.—This is avery general practice adopted throughout the Church even by less fervent Catholics, though not, perhaps, without occasional omissions. in some Catholic households they are most laudably said in common, at least, night prayers. For it may be amost laudable family practice to attend daily Hass in aneighbouring church— the best of all morning prayers; or again, perhaps, instead of meeting at other times, the rosary is recited in common daily, at some convenient hour.

It is true that, strictly speaking, there is no obligation undersin of any kind to say prayers in the early morning or at night. But sensible folk, who realise the dire need which we all have of help and strength to face the temptations, trials, sufferings, and per. plexities of life, will see how desirable it is to impress this practice most strongly upon children from the first, and to adopt it themselves. With very many, neglect of morning and night prayers means practically that they never pray—or, it may even be, never so much as think of God from oneSundayllassto another. Noaver. agely tempted soul is likely to thrive on this starvation diet, whatever be the strict obligation by precept. Some.

FIRST QUALITY

Surely aChristian—let alone aCathollic—must see something indecent intakinganotherdayoflifeandhealth from the Divine Goodness without a "thank you," thus beginning the day, spiritually speaking, like adog, who gets up and shakes himself, and then goes about his ordinary pursuits with his tail a-wagging. Compare such treatment of God and of one's soul with the elaborate morning toilette which people consider necessary for resuming intercourse with their fellowcreatures, and for the health, delight, and adornment of their coruptible bodies! Isaynothing astolengthof prayers; butitissurelyadisgrace that there should be none—not even a morning offering. Idoubt if an ordinary Mohammedan would omit his morning devotions towards the east.

And for Night Prayers.

Then, again, are our days so cramfull of holiness, so free from all sin, thatwe canlayourselvesdown torest without pausingto thankGod for His mercies—thoseweknow and the many others we know not; to adore His wondrous patience with us, and seek pardon for the sinful provocation Nye have given it? To many aCatholic that actofcontritionatnighthasbeen the sole preparaton vouchsafed him of"the thief in the night," and asud. den call"before the tribunal of Christ to give an account of the deeds done in the flesh."

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ANNUALREUNION OF DOMINICANPASTPUPILS

On Sunday, August 5, the Dominican Convent atBedford Park was the sceneof averyhappygathering,when about eighty former Dominican pupils took part in the annual reunion. All Dominican schools in the State were well represented,and the gathering included one who had been apupil of the Dominican Nuns in Spain and three former pupils now Dominican Nuns.

A delicious afternoon tea was provided by themembersofthe Committee. The President, Mrs. McCallum Smith, thanked all present for their support and welcomed new members of the Association.

Benediction in the Convent Chapel brought adelightful afternoon to a close.

The Dominican Nuns wish to thank sincerely all who contributed to the success of the afternoon.

The Committee take this opportunity of reminding membersof the Card Evening to be held on September 6, and invite all who can to attend.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'SLEAGUE

Canteen.

Phyllis Dean: Saturday, August 25; Saturday, September 15.

Dunleavy: Tuesday, August 28; Wednesday, September5.

The League is still calling all knitters. Alarge amount of wool is to be madeupfor U.N.R.R.A.The rooms are open every Wednesday to receive parcels and distribute wool.

The President, Mrs. Maxwell, on behalf ofthe League,wishestothankall the generous donors who have sent such alarge quantity of excellent clothing and goods for U.N.R.R.A.

NATIONAL CATHOLIC .RURALMOVEMENT GROUP NOTES.

Air. V. Henderson, of Walgoolan, re. Ports that at arecent meeting st his home agroup meeting was held at which every Catholicfamily ofthe district wasrepresented. Itwasdecided that future meetings would take place each Friday evening before the third Sunday, and that the meetings would he held at different homes in turn.

Father Ilolohan wa'spresent, andindicated his intention to he present at , all meetings.

J.NEILSON, Optician

S.DANNELL, F.S.M.C.(London), WA.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST, Tel,: B2014. 16 PLAZA ARCADE, PERTH.

BRYANT & WATERS, 80 to90STIRLINGST.,PERTH. WOOD &COALMERCHANTS.

Orders Promptly Attended To. 'Phone:B398.

S. BEECROFT — Butcher

181 Rokeby Road,Subiaco.

Doty Prime Frost, Killed Meat Sold 'Phone W1373.

BUNBURY.

LAND and ZSTATL AGSNT, G. H. TEEDE.

'Phone 31 Private 267 SMITH'S BUILDINGS, WEIJZWGTONST.,BUNBURY.

Businesses,Farms,Hoses,Land For Sale, PATRONT3E OUR ADVERTISERS.

KALGOORLIE

Week of Solemnity at St,Mary's.

Last week was avery busy andsolemn one in this parish,

On August 15, the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, four. Masses were celebrated,

On Thursday two Masses were celebrated at St. Mary's, the 9 o'clock beingin ThanksgivingforPeace.

Friday saw the commencement of the Forty Hours' Adoration, which wasconcluded with Benedictionofthe Blessed Sacrament on Sunday evening.

The singing of the Children's Choirs and St. Mary'sChoir at all the Masses (including the Missa Cantata) was highlypraisedbythecongregation,and certainly deserves mention.

On Sunday, which was also Mission Sunday in Kalgoorlie, Rev. Father Valentine made an earnest appeal for theMissions,andfortheSocietyofthe Propagation of the Faith.

The second Mass on Monday morning was aRequiem for the late Air. Lawrence Carroll, awell-respected pioneer parishioner.

Children'sConcert.

A very successful concert was enjoyed by acmwded house on Thursday evening at St. Mary's Hall. The organisersaremostgrateful toallwho assisted in any way. The itemswere all supplied by artists from the three schools of the parish and reflect the greatestcrediton theteachersandalso the parents, who co-operated so kindly. Funds were donated to the Improvements Appeal.

The followingwas the programme: Operatic Air, from Gilbert and Sullivan,St.'Jfary'sBand; Bracketofthree <ongs,Christian Brothers' College Choir; Recitation,"Extract from Churchill's Speech," Joseph Corbett; Song,,Master McGinty(C.B.C.);"Fairies," play by St. Mary's Kindergarten; Play,"Sleeping Beauty," by First and Second Standards, St. Mary's; Musical Monologue,"The Game of Life," St. Michael's;"Australia and Cobwebs," St. Afary's Choir; FolkDancing, pupils of St. Michael's; Song,"The Blind Ploughman," Olive Dillon; Song, "Thank God for aGarden," Jan McNamara, St. Michael's; Play, "Trial Scene from Merchant of Venice," 5th. and 6th. Standards; Play,"Scene from TaleofTwoCities,"7th,andSth.Standards, St. Mary's; Orchestra. St. Mary's; Pyfamids, squad from C.B.C. Mayoral Visit to Schools.

The Mayorof Kalgoorlie, Mr.Moore, accompanied by othercivicdignitaries, visted the three schools in connection with peace celebrations on Friday.

ALBANY.

1I1 C.PriorFuneralDirectori

ALBANY (]Established 1921). Private Mortuary.MotorVehicles, ChargesModerate. 'Phone 215. Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarksad Districts.

KALGOORLIE,

Catholic

.•li!II,l i

tiu•l

•••••i•ll►Ituuumd Girls' MOVEMENT

Headquarters and Club Rooms: Bank of N.S.W.Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7-10, First Floor.

TELEPHONE: B4836.

•

CALENDAR Or AQT1VF 26MONDAY: Shorthand:5.15p.m, Literary(Fortnightly).

TUESDAY:

Physical Culture,6.45 p.m.

WEDNESDAY: Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. Choir: 8p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

THURSDAY: Mass: 8a.m. Exposition:Allday. Benediction: 5.15 p.m. Liturgy: 8p.m.

Dancing Classes(Fortnightly).

FRIDAY: Lectures(Fortnightly).

SATURDAY: Kalamunda Busy Bee, 1.15 p.m. bus. Basket Ball.

• CANTEEN.

C.G.M.: September 6, 1945; October 1, 1945.

L.B.A.: August 21, 1945; September 15, 1945.

Areminderofthefewdo'sanddon'ts for those attending Canteen:

1. OnlymembersoftheC.G.M.,wearing the Movement Badge, will be admitted. _

2. Duty Badges of the Citizens' Reception Council are issued at the door asgirlsenterthe hall. Theymustbe worn while on duty and returned to the Group Leaderbeforegoing home.

3. No girlmust leavethe hallunless she isgoing home,and all girlsareexpected to remain on duty until the Canteen closes.

4, No member of the Allied.Services is to be refused adance.

5. Smoking is not permitted.

Please remember, that in attending Canteen,youare notonlycomingtoan entertainment, but giving service. Remember you are hostesses as well as dance partners, so be ready to just chat with any of thelads who do not wish to dance, and do not be disappointed if you do not have every dance.

DANCING CLASSES.

The Dancing Classes are held at Ilighgate, in the Parish Hall, every Thursdayfortnightat8o'clock,andare run in conjunction with the Y.C.W, (Boys'Movement). Anygirlinterest. ed is asked to get in touch with the Office, where she will receive her ad. missioncard. ThisActivityisrunning acombined Y.C.N. and C.G.M. Picnic at Darlington on Sunday, August 26, and all members of the Movement are invited.

(BRAILLE SOCIALS.

The next Socialwill beheldon Aug. ust22,at the RechahiteHall, Williamstreet, and any girl whowould like to help prepare supper for these socials, which areheld for the Blind, wouldbe verywelcome. Allinformation canbe obtained from theC.G.M.Office.

Fremantle Branch

IMPERIAL CHAMBERS, MARKET STREET,FREMANTLE. 'PhoneNo.L1968. •

CALENDAR or ACTIV1TIEs.

MONDAY:

Dressmaking: 7.30 to 9.30 p.m.

Homecrafts:8to 9p.m.

TUESDAY:BalletandTapDancing:8to10p.m.

Physical Culture: 8to 10 p.m.

WEDNESDAY: BallroomDancingClass:8to9p.m.

Canteen Social: 8to 1045 p.m. (Continued foot of next eoltuaa.)

thirdOrderofSt.Trands

"DeusMeusatOmnia."

Franciscan Tertiaries ofthe two Fraternities of Perth and Victoria Park are earnestly requested to attend the Grand Community Concert, to be held at theParish Hall,Harold-street, Highgate, on Wednesday, August 29, 1945, at8p.m. Proceeds in aid of Castledare Field Day. Admission Is. The Castledare orphanboys willprovidean interesting item.

All Franciscan Tertiaries areparticularly requested to attend the concert, and also to aid in every way possible with the Third Order Stall on the Field Day, which will be Sunday, s

'October 14, this year. Transport promises to be good.

Helping theiOrphanage atCastledare has been aspecial Franciscan charity from its inception, and we hope that this victory year will bring even better results than former years, as the good work carried on by the devoted L'rothers cannot be too much appreciated, and war orphans, alas! will increase their responsibilities. Soletus all put our shoulders to the wheel in order to help on this charitable work. In conclusion, let us consider these few words of our dear Founder, St. Francis:"Consider brethren," said he, "our little brother. Amen."

THURSDAY:

Cooking: 7.30 to 9.30 p.m.

Choirand Dramatics.

SATURDAY: Basket Ball:Afternoon,2to4p.m.

•

SOFT BALL.

Girls, once again we have to postpone our Softball match from August 19 to September 16. We think this mightbe averygoodplan,astheweathermay haveclearedup by then. So allrollupon thatSunday andremember the date, Sunday, September'16. For particulars enquire at the office.

DRESSMAKING.

Well,girls, thisactivityiswellonits waynow,andthegirlshavemadesome very nice garments. The classes run for aseries of two weeks and we still have afew vacancies. So, girls, if youarekeen,howabout comingalong on Monday night?

COOKING.

This is avery popular activity, so girls, ifyouwouldlike toknowhowto cook, the next course will be starting inafew weeks'time. Justcallinand put your name down on the list for thenext course.

THE DOMINICAN ES-STUDENTS' (ASSOCIATION. ANNUALBRIDGE & CARD PARTY will be held_in LONDON TAVERN iLondonCourt, St.George's Ter, enrli, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 6, 1945.

,

Different Nations Will be More Adequately Represented in Rome

NewCondition ofWorld May Broaden Basis of Church Government

Pros and Cons

Regarding'Traditional Practices

(Continued from Front Cover.)

Church so well in he centuries before ' there wasany Italiannationalism comparableto the nationalismof the:great Statesof Europe, whose rivalries made them all acquiesce in leaving the government of the Church in relatively neutral hands.

It is an obvious. anomaly and an n iroy that it should be the administrationofthe BasilicaofSt.Peter'swhich is the Congregation where the different nationalities are most represented, among ten Cardinals the majority beingnotItalians. Yetthe Basilica,the chiefchurchin Rome,isagreat Italian masterpiece. It is Congregation's like that which look after the religious Ordersallover theworld which needthis more balancer)composition; whereasof seventeen Cardinals on that Congregation only two are non-Italians. All the Cardinals df the Holy Office are Italians. The religious Ordersdisplay, by contrast, aremarkable picture of a universal characterin the Church.,The Abbot-Primate of all the Benedictine CongregationsisaGerman; theMasterGeneral of the DominicansisaFrench• man; the last General of the Jesuits was aPole; the Capuchins have a Dutchman at their head.

When the Consistory is held,which is expected in the later part of this year, it will he the occasion for replenihingthestrengthofaSacredCollege very much weakened by successive deaths, and to-day tinder forty in number. At the time Ileft Rome, the Archbishop of New York was expected to come before many weeks; and there was plenty of speculation ' about the length of his stay. The question of bringing to Rome men who could serve the Ilead of the Churchassenators,matureand authoritative advnl'ers, Versed in the fine points of their own countries, living as Cardinals in Curia but also spending perhaps half their time in their own countries, isquite adifferentmatterfrom the moreinternationalrecruitment of junior priests to serve in the +different Congregations or in the Secretariate of State. The caveat is uttered about this second matter that only those engaged in the dav-to-day wort: know howimportant it is forthe men engaged in it togeton with each other, and )toy' much might be lost through psychological incompatibilities. This point kalways made against the notion that tropical colonies could be ndwhiistere(1 by international staffs. nr ,

lthe British in particular are fond ofsaving thatitisfarbettertoentrust tiv arlmin;stration to one nation, with its colonial service of men who fill' work with each other. The same ar;;+unent can be heard in Rome for the much mare intricate and delicate work which the Congregations have to do. As amatter of fact, nnly- the most eager reformers seem to envisage for the next generation anything more than abuilding round theexisting its lian nucleus in each branch of the Church's government, bringing in men whose invaluable contribution will vet remain the contribution of aminority. it is also perfectiv true that very few

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leige, 2: Ocular, 3. Yarloop Purse (2l: Oredanus, 1; Venstage,2: Opera Ilouse,3. Point Peron handicap: Decima, 1: Roval Title, 2; New Hue, 3. Picton Trial Handicap: Ocular. 1: Flamita, 2: Roval Standard, 3. Bovanup Welter: Sanctifier, 1: Lapislazuli,2: Sava. 3.

'Bishopsanywhere in the world find it naturally attractive to part, probably for goon, with some of their young swans "What Ishould really like," said-one Bishop,"would he asystem whereby Icould designate one or two ofmyolderprieststotakeupresidence in Rome." The Orders are believed to be very much readier to part with men for work in Rome, being conscious of the many ways it can be useful to an Order to be well-represented at thecentreofdecision.

Afew weeks ago theSocialistpaper, "Avanti,"had anarticlesupportingthe progressive internationalisation of the Church's government from quite an. other point of view,looking to Italian politics and wanting to diminish the great place of the Church in the life of Italy. The intention plainly is to emphasise the universal character of theChurch, a3 an argumentforsaying that while it is in the Italian peninsula itshould beremotefrom the politics of Italy. It is easy to see the line which will then be developed in opposition to the Christian Democrats, who will be called representatives and exponentsof.an internationalorganisation.'But therecanbenodoubt that any balance-sheet of gains and losses must show that the Church would be vastly stronger the more self-evident itis thatshe is notclosely intertwined with Italv. The Italians themselves havemuch togainifthisuniquestatus of their country as the home of the government of the Church is underlined; for experience has shown that the greatmodern danger is ofGovernmentscoming topowerwhichjealously control all the sources of information, all thecomingsandgoings toandfrom their country. The presence of the Church will make it very difficult for such policies tobe attempted in Italy; just as all through the Fascist period thetotalitarianismproclaimedintheory could not be, and was not, attempted in practice with at all the same thoroughness as elsewhere in the world. The Church is a great breakwater against the totalitarian tide.

Some Italian Catholic laymen hold thatitwouldbeagreatpitytodoanythingbrusquely thatwould woundIta. lian

feelings in aperiod of national defeat and distress. When the chief Ral,bi of Rome became aCatholic, a few weeks ago, he had to incur many reproaches from the Jews, that at a moment of such unparalleled sufferings 1ne had no right publicly to embrace the Christian religion. Similarly there arc Italians to say that aChurch polifv

of turning more to the other nations, which would have been eminentIVsuitable if the Italian national amhitions had succeeded, will inevitably wear adifferent character in the momentofnationaldefeat,andworldlook as though the Church sought to identify herself with the strongest countries; and they argue that it was a greatinjure- to religion in Italythat in the last century it nvas found to be agreat obstacle to national unity, so that aCatholic looked like an Italian who did not want his country to be strong and who pointedly abstained from political life. A lifetime was sufficient for that feeling to evaporate and for it to become easy- for aman to i:e both agood Catholic and apatriotic Ttalian. But the Italians are very sensitive to the suggestion that a stateoffeelingthat

is thoughtright in FluePipes forStoves,Bath Heaters, R,d Paving and Green House Paints. Hassell's,559WellingtonStreet.

otherpeople—anardentpatriotismand adesire to see theircountry highly regarded—is not legitimate for them, something they have been caught at, which has to be stopped. They are very anxious that the distinction shall be seen between the acts of the late regime, with its increasingly unscrupulousand disastrousmethodsofseeking to forward Italy's position, and the abiding national aspirations to which they-areasmuchentitledasotherpeople; and when they say"other people" they aregenerallythinkingof the French, who are also the nation they seem to have in mind when they talk bf psychological difficulties between differentnationalitiesintheCuria.Cardinal Tisserant, who is immensely admired as aman, is perhaps all the more aFrenchman and conscious of being an ex-officer of the French General Staff because he stands alone. What is in process in the middle of the twentieth century is the modification of practices of recruitment now centuries old, which have become the normal settingof Roman life from the Council of Trent onwards. It would be quite unhistorical to imagine that otherthan Italian influences have ever

beenunknownat Rome. Inonesense it will not be new if American influence, forexample,becomesasmuchof areality as Austrian or French influences were in the@ighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Nor is it, after all, many tears since the CardinalSecretaryofState wasofmixedSpanishand Irish blood. It easily and oftenhappensthatmenofdistant originexhibit much more faithfully all the characteristics of the indigenous local tradition, and are"more Roman than the Romans," and it is perhaps the most probable immediate development that while more nationalities will be more evenly represented, they will be handpicked appointments. The line is very hard to draw between areasonable requirement of compatibility and the choiceofmen, choice becausethey are easily conditioned; men who will make no fresh contributioi of their own. But what isimportantisacertain re-orientation of direction,even if thepaceisverygradual; andtheneed for that re-orientation can be said to be widely appreciated and accepted in the Vatican as now fully due and as most useful for the work and life of the Church.

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Catholic boys recommended on thescore of character by their Parish Priest, and ready to commence atleast Sixth Standard or arrival, can be now enrolled for commencementin- February, 1146. Application should bemade at once. Acceptanceduring1945 is nolongerpossible, For Particulars Apply to—THE BROTHER DIRECTOR,

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FOOTBALL

CHRISTIAN BROTHERS' COMPE-

TITION.

Highgate and St. Patrick's Successful.

The current football season of the Christian Brothers' Secondary Schools' AssociationwasconcludedatthePerth OvallastTuesday. In thejuniorsection two teams, C.B.H.S., Highgate, and St. Patrick's, had finished level in points, so that aplay-off was necessary. With C. Puckett as umpire, the youthful players gave agood ex. hibition. St. Patrick's, with surer marking and better team work, ran outwinnersby4.5 to 1.3.

In the senior section the Highgate team finished up four points ahead of their

nearest rivals, St. Mary'sCollege, Leederville, and thus became premiers of this Association for the third time in succession. Highgate's most serviceable players were the captain, G. Kerrigan,andthegoal-sneak,B.Tobin, who won the Green Cup for the best NOMOREWOODCUTTING1American Perfection Stoves; ideal for coon. tryand beach. At Hassell's. B63M.

HIGHGATE HILL

The annual Parish Bridge and Rummy Eveningtwill take place inthe Ifighgate Parish Hall on Thursday evening, September 27. As the proceedsareto assistinreducing the hall debt, allparishioners and theirfriends are asked to attend. There will be Bridge,RummyandEuchre,andprizes forall.

Theraffle, whichconsistsofalounge chair, valued at18, English china teaset,200CravenAcigarettes, andham, will be drawn that night. Tickets maybehadfromFlorenceGepp,jum., in Piccadilly Arcade, where the teaset is on view.

and fairestplayerof the season. The players of this Association had avery strenuous season, as, in addition to playing for their school teams during ;the week, many of them plaved with the Subiaco L.C.Y, teams in the Sat. urday afternoon Boys' Club competition.

The next functionof the Association will be the Combined Sports at the W.A.C.A. on Saturday afternoon, October 20.

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W

RELESS

"If Men Had Listened to the Church"

When the Holy Father received recently the credentials of M. Jacques aMaritain, the newFrench Ambassador to the Holy See, he referred to the sufferings whichFrancehadundergone and said: "She has•suffered so much that at present responsible men of all classesofsocietyrepudiateinprofound horrorstheidolatryofpower....But how much suffering could have been avoided it the men who today look withhorrorattheconsequenceottheir errors had listened to the Church, whenshewarnid them that theirambitions were leading them towards darkness andhatred."

Declaring that the Church had done everything possible to direct political strife, dominated by the spirit of violence, into the paths of mutual understanding and peaceful collaboration, he added:"We do not doubtthat history, impartial and serene, will recognise this."

After welcoming NI. Maritain, the Popesaid:

"We must certainly rejoice that in Europe we have reached the end of a destructive war, in which so many people have sacrificed all their physical and moral energies. But we still feel ourselves far away from that serene atmospherein which the economic andpolitical conflicts shouldbesolved and in which preparations for organising ajust and lasting peace in the world, that Tranquillitag Magna, that great serenity of heart, which humanity expects, after the storm, as areward for its efforts and sufferings should bemade.

"The taskentrustedto Francein the establishment of apeaceful order in Europe, and in the community of nations, is too precious and too important for us not to wish ardently to see her emerge more and more from the disaster in which war plunged her. We also-wish ardently to hear her voice again in the construction of a new Europe and in the restoration of aChristian civilisation, in accordance with Catholic doctrine. The sad experience through which France went in the political upheaval during the aftermathofwarand in therising tide of ideas of domination and violence, hasbroughthertoan unhappy state."

Good Relations With Church.

,

The Holy Fatherexpressed the hope that all the forces which would be called upon to reconstruct the new France might contribute to good relationsbetweenChurch and State,above all as regarded teaching and the Christian education of youth and that they would apply to this ,

taskthe can(lour and sincere understanding which characterisedawiseandprovidentpol. icy.

"You yourself," he added,"once recalled, before the war, asayingof the saintly Cardinal Verdier, when he spoke of the new axis of civilisation which France must form with the Church. No one will be more ready or more determined than we to do everything to work forthe realisation of the wish of the great Cardinal and of the equally great son of his countrv.

"Between the noble aspirations of humanity,preoccupied with the realisation of this plan, and the teaching of the Christian faith, tension could occur only where ignorance, prejudice or passion strove to break the bonds of concord desired by God.

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"We,who have sokeenly felt in our heart the unspeakable sorrows of the French people during these years of war, who have mourned over the graves of numberless French men and -women, for their interminable captiv. ity and their slavery—how could we notwish tosee France, despite all her, wounds, riseagain to overcome all obstacles and obtain aworthy future?"

F. HUFNER

29MABELST.,NORTHPERTH. TUNES AND REPAIRS PIANOS ANDORGANS. 'Phone B5824.

+ IN MEMORIAM ►ja

IfALL.—Inlovingmemoryofourdear child, Kathleen Mary, died August 15, 1942; also little John, died November 3, 1940. Our loved little ones.

Jesus, Mary and Joseph, keep them forus. R.I.P.

—Inserted by their loved parents, sisterandbrothers.

LEITCII.Of your charity, rity, pray for the repose of thesoulof Ellen Mary Leitch, who diedAugust 23, 1936. Immaculate Heart of Mary, your prayers for her extol. Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

—Inserted by her daughters.

MASLEN, Daniel Mannix Patrick (Max)—On August 17, 1942, P.O.W. at sea, dearly loved youngest son of Robert and Margaret Maslen (Mt. — Lawley), beloved brother of Will, Bob, Mary, Phil, and Win (Sister Climacus).

\IcCARTHY.—In sacred remembrance of our beloved one, Justin Francis, who died August 24, 1938. 0,merciful Jesus,have mercy on his soul, r —Inserted by his wife, Margaret, andlittleson, Justin Anthony.

McCUDDEN, W.P.(Wal).—Treasured memories of aclear pal and friend, who died while P.O.W. Thailand, August 21, 1943.

Eternal restgrantto him, 0Lord. ?lwaysrememberedby Eileen(Pat) Coghlan, Konnongorring.

McGRADE, Ernest Patrick.—In loving memory of our dear husband and father, who died August 27, 1938.

Eternalrestgrantuntohim, 0Lord.

—Inserted by his wife and family.

WAYNE.—In loving memory of Mrs. Josephine Francis Wayne, who died August 26, 1935.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, be her salvation. Immaculate Heart ofMary, pray for her.

YOUNG—Treasured memories of our dear husband and father, Horace, who passed away August 23, 1938. R.I.P.

—Inserted by his loving rife, Susie, 4

e son, Kevin(R.A.A.F.), daughter-in-law, Hilda.

QUARANT' ORE

Sunday: AUGUST:

4th—COTTESLOE: Forty Hours' Prayer (24th-26th).

SEPTEMBER:

1st—PINJARRA and NARROGIN: One Day of Exposition.

2nd—QUEEN'S PARK: Forty Hours' Prayer(7th-9th).

3rd—GUILDFORD: One Day of Exposition.

5th—GOOD SHEPHERD CONVENT. Forty Hours' Prayer and Procession of the Blessed Sacrament (28th-30th). r

OCTOBER: let—NEDLANDS: Forty Hours' Prayer (5th-7th).

2nd—SOUTH PERTH: Forty Hours' Prayer(12th-14th).

3rd—BASSENDEAN: One Day of Exposition.

4th—BOULDER: Forty Hours' Prayer (26th-28th).

AQUINAS COLLEGE: One Day of Exposition. w

Catholics Object to Sydney University Students' Paper

Obscenity, Blasphemy and Immorality

Thecontents of theJuly12 issueof"BoniSoft,"SydneyUniversity student paper,whichhas caused oneof thebiggestcontroversiesoftheyear, was discussed by the University Senate at its meetingonAugust 13.

Thematter will•almbe raisedat the nextmeetingof theStudents' Be. presentativeCouncil,whenanotherattemptwillbemadetosecurethedismissal of thepaper'seditor.

Inthemeantime,theNewmanAssociation of Catholic Graduates has made representations to the ViceChancellor,Sir Robert Wallace,andhas raisedthequestionoflegalproceedings with the Acting•Chief Secretary, Mr. Clive Evatt.

The articles published in "Honi Soit" on July 12 hadastrong and immediate reaction.

Catholic students claimed that the papercontained:

Obscene references to contraception -and venereal disease;

Blasphemous references to the Mass and the Gospel;

An attack on chastity as "awearisome and life-denying Christian doc. trine;"

An unprovokedinsulttotheCatholic priesthood;

Much common vulgarity.

Group discussions iwere quickly followed by ameeting of the Newman Society,atwhichmorethan200Catholic students decided to ask the Students' Representative Council to dismisstheeditorandstaffof"HoniSoit."

Also prompt to act was the Rector of St. John's College, the Very Rev. FatherJohn C. Thompson, C.M., M.A. Rector'sProtest.

To the University's Vice-Chancellor, Sir Robert Wallace, went a vigorous protestabove hisname.

In apress statement Sir Robert announced he had received the protest. He expressed the opiniofi that some of the matter in"Honi Soit" wasquite unnecessarily offensive, and that the generaltoneofthe paperwasnothigh.

OnJuly20 the Students' Representative Council met, and after six hours' debate rejected,by seven votes tofive, amotion submitted on behalf of the Newman Society that the editor of "Honi Soit" be dismissed.

A letter from the Newman Society statedthatitregardedtheissueofJuly 12 as offensive, particularly the blasphemous and facetious manner in which scriptural quotations were misused.

"Gratuitous Insults."

A personal letter from the Warden of St. Paul's(Church of England) College, Mr. Griffiths, said that gratuitous insultshad been offered to the deepest feelings of some members, and that stepsshouldhe taken to prevent"Honi Soit" from becoming adubious propaganda sheet.

It was at thisstagethat Professorof Philosophy, John Anderson, noted for

his anti-Christian views, entered the controversy.

In astatement to the press he said the July 12 issue of"Honi Soit" was very good

Ferment of iIdsm.

"The University,"he said,"isnotfulfilling its function unless it is marked by aferment of ideas, and those who object to their cherished beliefs being questioned,and even ridiculed,are out of place there."

In aletter to the "Herald," Father Thompson replied to Professor Anderson.

If the professor had been correctly reported, he said, it.would seem that all who believed thatJesus Christ was the Incarnate Son of God and the supreme Teacher of mankind, were "out of place" at Sydney University.

"If he were Professor of Engineering or of Mathematics," Father Thompson went on,"his peculiar philosophical views would be his own concern, but he was not. lie was the Challis Professor of Philosophy, the accredited teacherofthe Universityonthefundamental questionsconcerning God, man, and the universe.

RejectsChristianity.

"He rejects the theistic and Christian solution of these questions," said Father Thompson. "Very well; but let the Senate of the University which appointed him, and the Government and people of New South Wales, who manitain the University, know what thev are doing.

"They are paying him to present to students 'aserious and considered rejection of Christian ethics;' in other words, they are paying him to debase Christian morals, and to undermine Christianfaith."

On the following morning Professor Anderson's reply was published. To the editorof the"Herald" he wrote: "Whenthedisputeisaboutwhatconstitutes good behaviour, it is idle to accuseanyoneofattackinggoodness,as if its nature were something on which allareagreed. Forinstanee,theaccept. ance of'authoritative' had thing; and Ishould say that an authoritarian is begging the question if he takes any influence. Imay have in encouraging thequestioningof'authorities'asaloweringofmoral standards.

"Secondly.Iam paid by the University of Svdney, not by the people of New South Wales. But whoever pats me, my job is to induce critical thinking on philosophical questions, not to lav down aset of dogmas which must he accepted.

"It is, in my opinion, alow view of education to conceive it as the simple inculcation of'correct' doctrines; an educatorisnotforcedtochoosebetween Christian domgatism and anti-Christian dogmatism; rather he would reject them both.

"'\t the same time, it should he em. phasised that no one can have an intelligent grasp of Christianity who has not faced up to the arguments against Christian doctrine in their strongest possible form: and also that in the central problems of philosophy Christian doctrine is of very little importance."

PublicConcern.

Inreplytothisletter,FatherThompson madethefollowingstatement:

"That Professor Anderson disagrees with me is of no consequence: he is not disturbed by it, nor am I. That he as aprivate individual rejects Theism and Christianity is his own loss, but hisownconcern. But that he, as the University's Professor of Philos. ophy, using that'authority; which he

affectssornuch todespise,should teach his students to do'likewise, this is a matterof publicconcern to the Senate of the University which appointed and sustainshim. The University isright. ly proud of the soundness of its Medical Training: itis equally proud ofits achievements in the Faculties of Law, Engineering,and the rest. It cannot evade responsibility for its teaching in PhilosophyandEthics.

"ItmaybenewstotheProfessor,but Christianity is not'aset of dogmas' that'must be accepted. The authority for laying down the doctrines of Christianity must be justified intellectually,and hasbeensojustifiedathou. sand times over. Christians do not fear'the arguments against Christianityinthestrongestpossibleform'—they have faced them successfully for well nightwo thousand years.

"When,however,theseargumentsare presented with the authorityof aUni.

versity Professorto youthswithoutthe intellectual equipment toperceivetheir fallaciousness,when these youths are encouraged with the sameauthority to ridicule what they do not understand, whenthecloakofthesameauthorityis used to protect as morally low aproduction as has appeared in print for years, then, indeed, there is cause for grave anxiety.

"I stress the word 'authority.' for who would care what were the views of John Anderson as aprivate individual; it is the authority ofthe Professorwhichlendstheprestige. Doesthe Professor really believe that only.the atheist is intellectual? The Psalmist thoughtotherwise."

.AmeetingofSydney UniversityLaw SchoolstudentssupportedtheNewman Society protest.

And there,for the moment, the matter rests.

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Wembley Hotel

FirstClass Accommodation.

M. CRANLEY , Proprietor. COUNTRY.

DUKE OFYORK HOTEL, NARROGIN.

Reconditioned and Refurnished New Lounge,Dining Rooma, and Commercial Rooms. ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth).

GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL, Cnr. HANN.,N & NETHER• COTT STS., KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR .... Proprietor.

'Phone 13... .. .. .. Box I24. AUSTRALIA HOTEL, KILIGOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St.Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooms.

Refrigeration Throughout. Only Lock-Up Garages in the Centre of Town. M.J. DILLON, licensee.

FREEMASONSHOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent Oviaine. Amatice Refrigerator Installed. Old and New Friends are Cordially Welcomed.

.MRS. E. WING, Proprietress.

STAN. O'l3RIEN, COURT HOTEL PERTH.

'Phone: 84261.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE.

Overlooking the Ocean. SuperiorAccommodation.

Moderate Charges.

M. BYRNE (Late of Grand and Shamrock Hotels, Boulder).

VICTORIA HOTEL, HAYSTREET, SUBIACO. Renovated Throughout. Essence of Comfort. W. F. ARTIS, Proprietor. (Lateof Balmoral Hotel,Vic.Park)

KEOUGH'S for CATERING

AnyNumber,Place,orTime.

ThreeReception Roomsfor Hire. On Hire; Crockerv, Cutlery and Glassware, etc. 'Phone: 119454. GLAD KEOUGH.

NEWCASTLE ST., PERTH.

Patroni-,e Our Advertisers A New Homecraft

Make

own accessories from materials offering in Foy's new Homecraft Section. Here youmaypurchasespeciallyselected skins in suitable lengths for bags,belts,dress trimmings,cushions,table centres,etc., at very reasonableprices. Youwillfind these materials delightfully easy to makeupandthe results will thrillyou.

Passing amilitary hospital, avisitor saw abadly wounded man. "When are you going to send that man home?" he inquired.

"He ain'tgoing home," answered an orderly. "Ile sayshe's just resting a minute, then he's going back to the front."

"Back to the front?" exclaimed the visitor. "But he'sin an awfulshape."

"Yes," replied the orderly,"and he thinks

be knows who did it."

Astronomy Lecturer:"Ipredict the endofthe worldinfiftymillionyears."

Alarmedmanin thebackrow: "How many?"

Lecturer:"Fifty million."

Man: "Thank Godl Ithought you said fifteen million." • r . •

Pvt.:"If you had five dollars and Iasked you for two,how many would you have left?"

2nd. Pvt.:"Five." * • r r

1st. Sgt.:"Any of you guys interested in artillery?" Two rookies stepped forward.

"O.K.," said the top kick,"report to the galley to shellpeas."

Awoman entered the palatial office of thebusy film director.

"P-please, sir," she began.

"Well, well!" snapped the director. "What's your speciality? Let's hear you sing."

The woman nervously cleared her throat and struggled through astanza of"Annie Laurie."

"Stop! Stop!" cried the director. "That's terrible—you can't sing."

"I never said Icould," replied the woman. "I've comehere tocleanout the office."

• s *

Avery mean man went intoaglassware shop in search of apresentfora friend. After spending some time looking at the different articles and finding them all too expen. sive, he at last saw avase which was broken in severalpieces. He inquired the price and finding-itwas practically nothing, decided to have it sent tohis friend, hoping that he would think it had been broken in transit.

Accordingly he asked the assistant to pack it and dispatch it. A few days later he received the following reply from his friend:

"Thanks for the vase. So thoughtful of you to wrap up each piece separately."

Binks (angrily):"Did you say my face wouldstopaclock?"

Jinks (calmly):"On the contrary, my dear fellow, Ithink the more a clock saw of your face the faster it would run."

• r •

r

Pvt.:"What's the best way to teach agirl to swim?"

2nd. Pvt.: "That requires technique. Firstyou putyourleft arm aroundher waist, then you gently take her left hand and—"

Pvt.:"She's mysister."

2nd. Pvt.: "Oh—push her off the deck." r

• • •

The chorus girl was telling the other girls in the dressing-room all abouther birthday party.

Two 'Broadwayites sat in arestaurant At the end of the heal one requested aloan.

"Can Iborrow twenty dollars for a week?"he asked..

"Sure," replied the other,counting out themoney.

As theyrose, the latter spoke again.

"Remember," he reminded, "that's only foraweek."

The borrower turned avivid red.

"You'llgetyourmoney!" he screamed. "'Stop hounding mel"

The pessimist was suffering from rheumatism.

"Every bone in my body aches," he complained.

"You ought to be glad you're not a' herring," said the optimist.

* * *

•

A new recruit was asked by his officer to find theship's position.

The recruitreturned afteralong absence and handed the officer apiece of paper showing their position. The officer immediately came to attention and saluted. The new recruit said:.. "Why did yousalute me, sir?"

The officer replied:"Idid notsalute you, Isaluted the King. According to the position you have worked out, we are nowinBuckingham Palace."

Golfer:"What'sthebestthingforme to do now, caddie?"

Caddie: "Pack up and go'ome to thebosomofyour family."

Astrangerwasstanding on the plat form of asmall railway station when the express flashed past. Into the whirl of dust raised by the train leaped the station-master's dog, and tore madly up the track in pursuit.

"Does your dog often do that?" asked the stranger of the stationmaster.

Yes. Every time the expresspasses-, the dogisafteritlike ahare."

"That's queer," commented the stranger. Why does he do it?"

"I don't know," replied the dog's owner, scratching his head thoughtfully, "What worries me iswhat he's going to do with it when hegets itl" • * • r

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1910 edition, comesthisdefinition:"Croon—to make a continu-" oils hollow sound, as cattle in pain." r

* * r

"Well,what's the matterwith you?" asked the doctor of the testypatient.

"That'swhat Icalled you in to find out," wasthe reply.

"I see,"saidthe doctor. "Well, just wait amoment while Igo and bring in afriend ofmine—avet. He's the only manIknow who can make a diagnosis without asking questions." • +

r • *

"Well,"said the landlady, showing a prospective lodger her best bedroom, "what do you think of it as awhole?"

"Oh, Isuppose it is all rightasholes go," was the reply,"but it was abedroom Ivanted."

A certain politician recently became aparent. On announcing thenews, the doctor exclaimed gleefully:"Icongratulate you, sir; you are the father of triplets." The politician was astonished. "No, no, nol" he replied with more than Parliamentary emphasis; "there mustbe some mistakeinthe returns. Idemand arecount," r • • •

Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It is onsale in Foy'sHomecraftSectioninmany lovely colours. Here isagrand opportunity for you to money by making your Christmasgiftsthis year.

"You should have seen the cake," she told her companions. "It was marvellous. There wereseventeen can. riles on it—one for each year."

There was adisbelieving silence for amomentor two,then her best friend smiled.

"Seventeen candles, eh?" she purred. "What did you do—burn thematboth ends?"

save own

Theatregoer (returning to seat between the acts):."Did Itread on vour toes as Iwentout?"

Man Already Seated (grimly): "You did."

The Other (turning to his wife): "That's right, Malinda, this is our place"

The recruitwas asimple-looking lad from the country, so the sergeant thought hewould pull hisleg. r

"Here,mylad."he said,"whenIturn on this searchlight Iwant to see how far you can climb up it"

The recruit looked doubtful.

"Allright."hesaid. "Butturniton slowly. "I've got asprained wrist." r • * s

The cheerful patient looked up from his periodical in the dentist's waitingroom. "Well." he said,"that's one spot ofgoodnews,anyway—but,tellme,where is this place, Nfafeking?"

Dear Cornerites—With apologies to Tennyson, "Time driveth onward fast, and in alittle while we'll need another hundred pounds or so." Yes, as usual, your Aunt Bessy has the Bushies' Objective"onthe brain,"astheysay. It's the third week in August already, and we havestillgotagoodwaytogo,but the Midland Junction children have inspiredme withconfidence,and Iknow Ihave manyother firm supporters besides. Ifeel very jubilant even now, and Ialways feel much happier when the springcomesalong,andleaveswinter behind for another year. So I have apremonition, children, that this yearisgoing tobe abumperyear. Are you going tohelp me makeit so?

AUNT BESSY.

"Springside," York-road,Glen Forest.

Dear Aunt

Bess

y,--I am returning the prickcardand themoney. Ithink that you will be interested to hear some more newsaboutme. Last Sundav mother and Iwent to see my sister, Lucy,who isanurseatHollywood Hospital. We could not stay very long as Lucy had to go on duty, but we saw quitealot of thehospital. It isalovely hospitalandthereareabout eighteen wards. The nurses have a biglounge of their ownandacanteen, where theycan get refreshments. We also saw some of the patients making toys. We have awirelessin ourroom at school. Wegotitatthebeginning oftheyear. It cost£14andwe saved the money for it last year. All the —lessons we listen to are very interesting, but Ithink the most interesting are"Kumarl," which is Nature study. and "From the Library Shelf," which is Literature. Good-bye for the present, Aunt Bessy.—Your loving niece, MARGARET WOOD.

Dear Margaret,—You seem to have paid avery interesting visit to Holly. woodHospital. Lucymusthave been very pleased to see you, for Iexpect you don't come down to Perth very often. The wireless lessons sound interesting. I'm sure modern children don't realise just how lucky they are to have so many things which their parents never had at school. The wireless was well worth saving up for last_year, wasn't it?

AUNT BESSY.

Box 6, P.O., Midland Junction.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—d have filled the prick card you sent me, and am sending it hack with atwo-and-sixpenny postal note. Your letter to your Cor. nerites wac very short last week, but I suppose you were very busy, Please, Aunt Bessy, will you send me aname and address of apen-friend? it is very wet in Midland just now, as it is raisin,. We hart ahit of excitement her ,,

vefterday. A horse wandered into the playground and it chased the children irotind the church and school: -we enjoyed it. Ourclass-roomlooksa busy place, at this moment. Sister and the Girls are knitting for the bundle of clothes for the Eurnpean children. while the boys are doing designs. I asked Sister tolet me write to you instead. That is all for nov, Aunt Tlessy, but will write again later.— )'our loving nephew, JOHN TREFRY.

Dear John,—Tcan just imagine your class-mom while the girls are preparing garments tobe ,ent toEurope. I suppose the girls are knitting eagerly and talking every now and again like girls do when they knit. Tell SisterI saidshe should teach you boys to knit too. Iknow an Air Force bov who 4has knitted acardigan for himself and

T,einonncle Bottle

11CKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS. s. d.

Margaret Wood .. ..

.... .... 2

John Trefry.... 2

6 6

Pat Gordon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 6 0 6

MargaretRowles .. ..

,... . 2

Gretchen .. 14 9

Raffle in Aid of Busbies' Scheme. YOUR LOVELYPR=ES-

1st Prize 1Sleeping Doll, with Cabinet Wardrobe, containing complete outfit.

2ndPrize 1Novelty Tea Cosy.

3rd Prize 1Large Velvet Rabbit.

4th Prize 1Presentation Set.

To be Drawn OCTOBER 18, 1945.

— Results —

"Record" Oct. 24, 1945. "West Australian" Oct. 19, 1945, TICKETS, 6d.

TTOKETSAVAILABLE AT LOTTERY BOX, BARRACK 6T., OR FROM THL4 OPME.

is now doing ajumper for his little niece. Ithoughttheotherboyswould laugh at him, buthe says they're askinghimtoshowthemhowto doit,too. Thanks for the card, John. AUNT BESSY.

Loco, Walkaway.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—

I saw in the paper where you were looking for new nieces and nephews for your Corner, so Ithought Iwould write to you because Iwould like to be one of your nieces. Iam thirteen and in sixth class. Iliveaboutamile andaquarter from school, and we walk every morning. ihavethree sistersandone brother. \Iy father is aganger and heand alot ofothergangers have had alot of work todosince thefloods. I pope you enjoyed the rain. We ­1 anyway. '1Iy best subjects at school are: reading, writing, English and drawing, though Iam not very good at it. Our teacher is reading us two books, called"Tom Sawyer" and "The Basket of Flowes" We have only 23 children atourschool. Ihaveaflower andavegetablegarden,and they don't look too bad. We have about 40 fowls and acow and acalf. We are also making butter. Please, Aunt Bessy, will you send me aprick card and Iwill try and fill it in? Ithink Iwill close now. Hoping to write a longer letter next time. So cheerio, Aunt Bessy.-Your loving niece, BETTY SMt TH.

Dear Betty,—Ican't truthfully say I enjoyed the rain, because it was very dull and miserableclown here for such along time. but I'm pleased to know it wasn't altogether unappreciated. What do you grow in your gnicen. Petty? Ianhastold me the namesof all the Osbornecows and calves,11' at do ynu call yours?

AUNT BESSY. * * * *

Walkaway.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Isate in thepaper where you were looking for new nieces and nephews for your Corner, so 1 thought Iwould write to you, as 1 would like toheone of your nieces. I live in Walkaway and have to walk half amile to school. Iam learning musicand ilikeitvery much. Ihave five sistersandfourbrothers. Meeldest brother is away at the war. Me eldest sister is married and has got a little babv girl'. My father is afanner and he grows wheat and has cattle and sheep as well. This is the first time Ihave written to you, and will you pleasesendmeaprick card? Iam thirteenandinStandardSix. Mybest subjects are singing, arithmetic, drawing,writing and reading. Idon'tlike English. We have got chooks at home and Ihave one duck. We also havetwo kangaroodogs and twosheep dogs. We havehad alot of rain here lately. We had two floods and the water was over the road both times, and we couldn't go to school for a week. Ihave aflower and vegetable' garden at school, and they don't look toohad. Wehavetworacehorses,and theirnamesareNighStarand Brilliant

twelveyears'old andinGradeFive. I learnthepiano. Ihave read yourletters and madeup mymind toavrite to you. Ilive next to the Swan River. The flood came right up into out orchard. Iwould like to fill some of yourprick cards, and would you mind sending me aprick card?—Your loving nephew, BILL CONNOR.

Dear Bill,—I'm glad you decided to write,and Ihope that,now you've begun, you'lldo itoften.Ihope theflood didn't do too much damage. Your partoftheworldseemedtosuffermore thanany otherduringtheflood. Whe■ you next write, don'tforget to tellme whatpieces you are learning, and how you are getting on.

AUNT BESSY.

* # • #

St. Brigid's HighSchool, W. Perth.

Lady. High Star won the Geraldton Cup last year. Iwill say cheerio for to-day.—Your loving niece, ANNE BAGLEY.

Dear Anne,—You are alucky little girl to have so many brothers and sisters. Iknow alittle girl who is an only child, and she is always saying she'd like lots of brothers and sisters to play with. Wouldn't she like to change places with you? Can you ride ahorse, Anne? But Idon't suppose they'd let you ride the racehorses! They are very special, aren't they?

AUNT BESSY. Walkaway.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I read your letters in"The Record." Wehave three cows andfourcalves. Every morning before Igo to school I tether the voungest calf in our little block. After Ido that Ilet Billy the lamb out of his pen and take him and the cows flown to the paddock. We milk the cowsin themorning and then at night. After they are milked Iseparate and we makeabout three pounds ofbutter from the night's-milk, but we sell the morning'smilk. The cows' names are Daisy, Peggy and Silver, while the calves' names are Bette, Jessy, Cherry and Dolly. Imade araftoutofallow poles and we sail it on abig pool up past ourknees. Iam twelve wears of age and in Sixth Standard. Willyou please enlist me with the rest of your nephews and send me aprick card?— Your loving nephew,

TANOSBORNE

Dear Ian,—Yourname, too, hasbeen added to my list, and you're now a fully fledged Cornerite. Ihad great difficulty in not writing down the name of"Billy the iamb. too: he sounds such it dear little fellow. What do the cowsthink ofhim? Your raft sotmds good, Tan, but what will you do in the summer time when the pond is dry? isupose you'll just have to wait till next.winter then. Isn't it a pity the pools and gullies don't have water in them all the year round.

AUNT BESSY, Gingin-road. Upper Swan.

Dear Hunt Bessy,—This is my first letter to you. Iwould like to have a prick card, so would you please send meone? Wehadabigflood here,but it has gone down now. igo to St. Michael's Convent School, Ilerne Hill. My brother and sister go, too. I have no more news, so good-bye till next week—Your lovingwould-be nep. hew, BRIAN CONNOR.

Dear Brian,—Are you going to rac^ Bill to fill the prickcard? You must let meknow whichof you is theelder. Iknow Bill's twelve, and Itried to tell by your writing which had the older hand, but Icouldn't. I'll make aguess, and says it's Bill. Am I right? I'll he lookingforward toyour next letter.

AUNTBESSY.

* • • *

Gingin-road, Upper Swan.

Dear Aunt Bessv,—I go to St. Machiel's.Convent, Herne Hill. iam

DearAunt Bessy,—Weallknowhow much you appreciate stamps for your Lemonade Bottle, so we decided to get together and collect you some. We are posting themby this mail. Hoping'thattheytwillarrive safely.—Yours sincerely, "A Group of Girls from St. Brigid's," per AILEEN DUNNE.

Dear Girls,—The stamps arrived is good order,and wereduly popped into the stamp lox. Thank you so much for collecting them.

AUNT BESSY.

fife Helena-street, Midland Junction.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Having filled my prick card Iam sending it back with the money. Last Tuesday Iwent to acommunityconcertwith some friends of mine named Mary, bfillie and Margaret. We sang anumber of songs and enjoyed the magician as well. These concerts are being held every Tuesday to help our priest, Father Lynch,buildanew church for us, and by-giving to the concertswe are helping, too. Ithink you would be interested toknow that Iam in the Junior Legion of Mary, Aunt Bessy. I arm helping Sister with the other children to knit clothes for the European appeal. Iwould like anotherprickcard, please,Aunt Bessy,—Yourlovingniece, PATGORDON.

Dear Pat,*%ly goodness! how lucky you are to have acommunity concert every week! WhenIwas alittlegirl , school Sister would let us hold a concertonly once aterm, and we used to become very excited over it. I wonder how long it will be before the new church can he built. Another card has been sent, Pat. Thanks for filling the last.

AUNT BESSY.

* * * s

DearAunt Bessy—I enclose acouple of P.N.'s both from Melbourne! I was quite pleased to get the 10s., one forasuggestionsenttoaradio session, and it being, as it were, something unexpected and extra. Ithought you might like it. These are an expression of thanks to the Little Flower for answer to prayers. I am sure you will have no difficulty in raising the amount you aim at, and I wish you and the Bushie teachers every success. Say apray formy intention—Yours very sincerely,

GRETCHEN.

Dear Gretchen,—Many thanks. You are very good to the Bushies' Corner, and Ifeel sure the Little Flower will continue to help you. She is helping me, too, when she helps you.

AUNT BESSY.

Fremantle.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am enclosing a postal note for 5s. for the Bushies. I promised St. Anthony Iwould do this if he did me afavour, so you see my prayer was answered. Hoping you are keeping in the best of health and spirits, and wishing you all the best for the Bushies.

"GRATEFUL"

Dear Grateful,—Many thanks to you and St. Anthony. I'm grateful, too, for your good wishes. I know the Bushies will appreciate your gift.

AUNTP.EScY.

DARWIN'S CHURCH

(By W%3362A, S/Sgt. Somers, P. C., 7 Aust. Wk'sp. and Pk. Coy, R.A.E., Australia.)

St, Mary's, Star of the Sea Church, Darwin, asmall galvanised-iron roofed wooden building, somewhat battered and shrapnel pierced, promised an interesting history, so one day Iasked Father Idensche, resident Priest for 31, years, forthestory.

He told me that theoriginal church was builtby directionofJesuit priests in 1892. They choseformaterial cypruswood,andusedChineselabour. In 1897 the building was blown over by acyclone,andafterreerectionthesame year was continually used by the Jesuitsuntil they left theareain 1902. Until 1906 the parish thenhad to rely on priests visiting or passing through Darwin.

Since 1906, with residentpriests, the diocesehasdevelopedenormously, and now, with Bishop Gsell in charge, it coversan area of abouthalf amillion squaremiles..alloftheNorthernTerritory, andTbufsday Island, off the top of Queensland's Cape YorkPeninsula.

Mission workisvery important, and in this regard Sisters of the Order of Our Ladyof theSacredHeart,as well as conducting(until the"Blitz" and evacuationin1942) a200-pupilConvent school, exerted great influence in this field. Fourteen have returned since, andarequietlyandefficiently carrying outtheirchosenwork.

CivilofficialsleftpatientsattheGovernment Leprosarium, soon after the raids commenced, and they were for fourteenmonthswithoutcare orsupervision. Three Sisters, at the request of the authorities, now live on Channel Island at the Leprosarium, and regularvisits are madebypriests,who take supplies and spiritual comfort to the 65 patients.

OnBathurst Islandthereisanative missionwhereabout500soulsare'cared for spiritually and materially by four nuns.

Melville Island is the site of ahalfcaste mission that is the responsibility nfanotherfourSisters.

Three nuns are stationed at Port KeatsMission, on themainland, about halfway to Wyndham.

Seventy miles east of Alice Springs, at theArltungn Mission, apriest, four nunsandabrotherlabourfor the conversion and welfareof the aborigines.

Whilethese misiion activities were

being conceived and organised, Da% win's populationwasincreasing,andin 1917 the capacity of the church was doubledby theadditionofasanctuary and transept. In 1940the inadequate Presbytery was replaced by amodern two-storiedbuilding.

Just prior to the war with Japan there wereabout 1,000Catholicsinand around Darwin, many of whom were employed on Defence projects at that time beingundertaken.

Then camethe war with Japan, and the Darwin "Blitz" and evacuation of civilians, including the Sisters and their pupils. Father Hen'sche remained to see his church"nearmissed" by sixteenbombs—forthechurchisdirect. lyinthepathofabombrunontheoil tanks and wharf.

Though all other Darwin churches were closed, Mass was celebrated as usual inSt.Mary's,and itwasnotuncommonforittobe interruptedbyan air raid oralarm.

The postingof great numbers of Allied and Australian servicemen to this area provided aproblem in accommodation for Mass, and it was finally necessarytocelebratefourMasseseach Sunday in the church, in addition to those celebratedinthefield.

In October, 1943, amost successful Mission waspreached to thetroops by FatherCarroll,aJesuit BomberSquadron Padre. The attendance was so great that even after Allied engineers moved out the walls to allow the side verandahstobeincludedinthechurch, many had to stand outside. Thelce days, when the Pacific war is further from our Northern coast, the problem isnotsopressing.

The school, since being closed as such, hasbeenconverted into arecreation centre, and nowadays servicemen play there aslight-heartedlyaskiddies didinpeacetime,only,perhaps,notas often. Aswellasprovidingtheusual recreationalfacilities, regularentertainment,in the formof cardparties, etc., is organised; occasionally, too, afilm, suchas"SongofBernadette,"isScreenedthere.

FatherHenRche,lookingtothefuture, visualises afine new church, convent, and school forDarwin, and Iam confident his dream will materialise. Yet formanyofuswho will possiblynever return here, the humble battered old church thatstoodand tookit,andcarried on, willalways be remembered as theDarwinChurch.

Catholic Funerals'

Perth Funeral Directors Ltd.