The Record Newspaper 08 August 1945

e Pop

's StrikingAddress to Cardinals on Feast Day

HowtheChurch Desisted

"Holy

the"SatanicSpectreof

National Socialism"

Father'sPersonal Opposition to Spread of Nazism— Concordat with Reich Gave Catholics aRespite

The following is the complete text,inEnglish translation,ofthe address given by His Holiness PopePius XII. to the College of Cardinals, oa June 2,on the occasion of his feast day. It is animportant document, because it reveals the inner history of the struggle between the Nazis and tkee,Catholic Church in Germany,the nature of the Concordat of 1933,thefateful year of 1937,andthe circumstances of the Encyclical, "Mit Brennender Sorge," condemning Nazi paganism. Pope Pius XII. was then Papal Secretary of State,with his finger on the pulse of the rising Nazi menace to Christianity and the world.

As We very gratefully acknowledge, Venerable Brethren, the good wishes which the Venerable and Beloved Dean of the Sacred College has offered to Us on your l;ehalf, Our thoughts bring Us back to this clay six years ago when you uttered vour congratulations on Our feast day for the first time after We, though unworthy, had been raised to the See of Peter.

The world was then still at peace: 1It what apeace and how very precarious!

With it heart full of anguish, perplexed, praying, We bent over,that peace likeone that as-fists adyingman and fightsobstinatelytoFivehim from death even when all hope is gone.

The message which We then addressed to you reflected Our sorrowful apprehension that the conflict which wvas ever growing more menacing would break out—aconflict whose extent and duration nohodv could fore•ce. The subsequent march of events has not only justifier) all too clearly Our saddest premonitions, but has far surpassed them

After Six Years.

To-day,aftersix_years, the fratricidal struggle has ended, at least in onesection of this war-torn world. It is a peace—if you ran call it such—is yet very fragile,which cannotendure orbe consolidated except by expending on it the most assiduous care: apeace whose maintenance impdses on the wholeChurch,both pastorand faithful, grave and very delicate duties: patient prudence,courageous fidelity, thespirit of sacrifice!

All are called upon to devote themselves to it,each in his own office and at his own place. Xobody can bring to this task toomuch anxiety of zeal. As to Us and Our Apostolic Ministry, We well know, Venerable Brethren,

that We cansafely count on)'our sage collaboration, your unceasing prayers, vour steadfast devotion.

In Europe the war is over: but what wounds has it not inflicted!'Our Divine Master has said: "All those who unjustly take up the sword shall perish by thesword" Olatthew26, 52).

The World in Ruins.

Now what do you see? You see what is the result of aconcept of the State reduced to practice which takes no heed of the most sacred ideals of mankind, which overthrows the inviolable principles of the Christian Faith. The whole world to-day contemplates

with stupefaction the ruins that it has left behind it. These ruins We had seen when they were still in the dis. tant future, and few. We believe, have followed-with greater aixiety the process leading to the inevitable crash.

For over 12 vears-12 of the best years of Our mature age—We had lived in the midst of the German people, fulfilling the ditties of the office committed to Us. During that time, in the atmosphere of liberty which the political and social conditions of that time allowed, We worked for consolidation of the status of the people and We were personally in close contact with itsmostrepresentativemen For that reason We cherish the hope that -it can rise to the new dignity and new life when once it has laid the satanic spectre raised by National Socialism andthe guilty(as We have already at other times had occasion to expound)

Episcopate and of at least the greater numberof German Catholics Infact, they thought that neither the Corcorclats up to then negotiated with some_ individual German State nor the Weimar Constitution gave adequate guarantee or assurance of respect for tl),eir convictions, for their faith, rights or liberty of action. In such conditions the guarantees could not be secured except through a settlement having the solemn form of aConcordat with the central government of the Reich. it should be added that, since it was the government that made the proposal, the responsibility for all:egrfttable consequences would have ta,len on the Holy See,if it ha ,

.l refused the proposed Concordat.

It wa' not that the Church for her part had any illusions built on excessive optimism, or that, in concluding the Concordat she had the intention of giving any form of approval to the teachings or tendencies of National Socialism; this was expressly declared and explained at the time(cfr."L'Osservatore Romano number 174, July 2, 1933). It must, however, be recognised that the Concordat in the years that followed brought some advantages, or at least prevented worse evils.

Religious Persecution.

In fact, in spite of all the violation, to which it was subjected, it gave Catholics ajuridical basis for their clefence, astronghold behind which to shield themFelves in their opposition— as long as this was possible—to the ever-growing campaign of religious persecution.

have expiated the crimes they have committed.

While there w. still some faint glimmer of hope that that movement could take another less disastrous course, either through effective opposition from that section of the German people which opposer) it, the Church did everything possible toset up aformidable harrier to the spread of ideas at once subversive and violent.

The Concordat of 1933.

in the Spring of 1933, the German Government asked the Holy See to conclude aConcordat with the Reich: the proposal had,the approval of the

The struggle aginst the Church did, in fact, become evermore bitter; there was the dissolution of Catholic organisations; the gradual suppression of the flourishing Catholic schools, both public and private; the enforced weaning of youth from family and Church; the pressure brought to bear on the conscience of citizens and especially of civil servants; the systematic defamation, by means of acleter, closely organised propaganda,ofthe Church, the clergy, the faithful, the Church's institutions, teaching and history; the closing, dissolutionand confiscation ofreligious houses andother ecclesiasticalinstitutions: the complete suppression of the Catholic press and publishing houses.

To resist such attacks millions of courageous Catholics, men and women, closed their rank- around their Bishops, whose valiant and severe pronouncements never failed to resound, evenin theselastyearsofwar. These Catholic gathered around their priests to help them adapt their ministry to theever-changingneedsandconditions.

(Continuedon Page 6.)

*Zhe Catholic Answer'

EVERY SUNDAY EVENING FROM 9 P.M.

AVisible Church

Was the Will oJ.Christ.. 0

,Meaning of Master's Words Best Illustrated in Acts of Apostles

EfficacyofPrayersfortheDead

Failure of the"Wealth and Power" Argument Against-the Church

The Primitive Church—the Christianfollowing of Apostolic times— emerged as aunited visible society, with an external organisation which was to develop further in the postApostolic era. The Christian Congregations, the Churches, the centres of Christian belief and practice in the cities of the Roman Imperial world, were not just groups of people with faith in'Christ; they were integral partsofone completewhole.

But did Christ intend this? Some people say that He did not. They say that the following of Christ is an individual thing; faith in Him as Saviour; allegiance tothespiritof His teachings; worship "in spirit and in truth." According to them, avisiblesociety, an organised Church, is alien tothemind of Christ. They claim to prove this from the Gospels.

How is it, then, that, so soon after Christ'sown day, His earliestfollowers went so far astray? They claimed to teach in His name, andtheGospels are but the record of their teaching— theirstoryof what Ile saidand did.

The answer is that aVisible Church isaccordingto themindofChrist; that Christ organised aChurch. Catholic belief is that Christ intended and Himself founded one, undivided and Authoritative Institution as a means of teaching His doctrine to all men, for all time. Astudyof the Gospels proles it.

1. The New Testament tells us that Christ preached Himself and sent others to preach in His name: "All

powerisgiven tome in heavenandin earth. Going therefore teach ye all nations... teaching them to observe allthingswhatsoever Ihavecommandedyou: AndbeholdIamwith youall dayseven to the consummation of the world."(Matt. XXVIII., 19-20.) He spoke to"the eleven," that

is to the Apostles; the twelfth of them, Judas Iscariot, had not been replaced yet. They were to preach in Christ's name and by virtue of His Divine Power. They were to teach His doctrine, "whatsoever Ihave commanded you." They were to have Divine assistance inperforming this task:"BeholdIam withyou all days even tothe consummation of the world."

2. The New Testament tells us that Christhad preparedforthe timewhen He would give this commission tothe Apostles; He, had built the foundation. From among His disciples, afteranightof prayer,Ilechosethese Apostles:"And when day was come, Hecalled unto Him His disciples; and Ile chose twelve of them (whom also Ile named Apostles)."(Luke VI., 13.) From His manner of dealing with these Apostles, it isclear that He was training them for some future work. To start with, the choice of the name "Apostle" is significant: it means "one who is sent:" then they received private instructions:"To you it is given toknow the mysteriesof theKingdom of Heaven, but to them it is not given.., therefore do Ispeak to them in parables"(Matt. XIII., 11 and 13): in the ninthchapterofSt.Luke's Gos-

pel we read that Christ sent them out on an experimental preaching mission: And Ile sent them to preach the KingdomofGodand to heal thesick." (Luke IX.,2.)

3, The New Testament tells us that Christ spoke constantly of a King. dom. the Kingdom of Heaven. From His preaching about this kingdom, it is clear that it is on this earth; from theparableof"Thewheatandthecockle" wegatherthattherearegoodand bad in this kingdom, that it is something tgiore than the sum total of all souls in grace; the same teaching is found in the parable of the net cast into

the sea and gathering all kinds of fish:"So it shall be at the end of the world. The Angels shall go out andshallseparate thewicked fromthe just."(Matt. XIII.,49.)

4. The New Testament tells us that Christ spoke ofaChurch: "And Isay to thee, thou art Peter, and upon this rock Iwill build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it."(Matt. XVI., 18.) Let us leave aside the question of whether or not Peter is the Rock. Even if by "this rock" Christ had meant Himself, He certainlyspoke of aChurch which He would build and which would with. stand the huffetings of the forces of evil. DidHemeanacorporatebody?

Fromthe nature ofthe powers promis• ed to the Apostles, we gather that Ile did: They were to teach and bap. tise: they were to have the power of binding and loosing; to .

Simon Peter the Keys of the Kingdom were pro. mised. Nor could the Apostles live until"theconsummationoftheworld." Norasindividualscould they teach all nations.

The choosing and training of the Apostles, the promise to them of authoritative powers, the final commission to them to exercise those powers overall nations for all time, all speak of a corporate body, a Visible Church.

OPTICIANS

TELEPHONE: B3511. .

Therefore, the way in which the Apostles carried out their commission is not surprising. In their acts we see the meaning, of their Master's words. Therefore, the Christian Church as it grew from the earliest davt of Christianity into an organised I:ody, avisible sncfety was not amon. strosity, agrowth alien to the spirit of theGospels. Avisible Church was the will ofChrist.

"Sincere," Maylands (Continuation from last week):

On to-night's session youwere accused ofreceivingmoneyforthepurposeof liberating adeceased person -

asoul from Purgatory. To this question youdidnotgiveaclearanswer. A.: Theanswer did not appearclear toyou becauseitwasadirectpersonal answer toone of our"regular" corres pondents, who has had the Catholic doctrine about prayers for the dead explained to him very carefully. It seems heisalittle hard ofhearing! Q.: AlthoughIdonotbelievethatyou follow such an abominable practice, Ihaveheardofmoneybeingpaidto apriestforthesaying ofprayersfor the repose of a deceased person's soul. Isthistrue?

A.: Yes. Massis frequently offered forthe reposeofthe soulsofthedead. It iscustomary for theperson whorequests this service to give an offering to thepriest whoperformsit. Catholic belief is that the spiritual fruitsof theMasswillbenefitthesoulforwhom it is offered.

Q.: Ifin battleasoldier of R.O. faith is killed, and only a Protestant Padre is available at the burialand officiates,doyoubelievethatCodin fife mercywouldaccept the prayers ofthatChristianmanwhenheasked Himtoreceivethefallen hero'ssoul into.His keeping?

A.: If that man's soul, having been judged,hasbeen fount),worthy ofeter. nal life, but still needs the help of prayertopay the debt due tohissins —which is the basis of Catholic belief in Purgatory—then thesincere prayers of any man in suffrage of that soul would be acceptable to God.

T

"FatrOay," West Perth; "Old Jim," West Lederville:

Q.: Iam not aCatholic, nor have I any aspirations in that direction. Whilstnotforgettingthat agoodar. ticle needs but little advertising, I still enjoy your session. Iappm citeethenaive mannerInwhichthe three clerics, whom Ihave heard, deal with thepurely abusive letters received. (Anod from Olympus! Thankyou). However,willyou, at your leisure, please answer the fol• lowing questions for me?

A.:These questionsreally stem from oneof thestock argumentsagainstthe Catholic Church—what Hilaire Belloc calls the "Wealth and Power" argu. ment. In his book, "Survivals and New Arrivals," written some years ago, he lists it among the survivals, because itwasafavouriteanti-Catholic argument in the last century among thosewhoheldtothesocialphilosophy of Liireralism, with its doctrine of evolutionary progress and its optimis. tic view of the perfectibilityofhuman nature—its belief that the better day had dawned and that those who had seen the dawn would also see the high noon of perfection. They mistook their century for the whole of history. 'They mistook their progress for the progressof the world.

Nowadays, thisargumentcould hard. ly be called even asurvival, because

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Domination of Anti-Religious Forces in Modern Times

Secular Education Has Denied the Church Its Traditional Role

What is Meant By the Pauline Privilege?

the day of the old Li{leralistic theory of progress and enlightenment has run its course and its sun has all but set. Men are crying out now for anew worldorder.

The answer given to this listener will be answer also, in part, to' S

Old lima' of West Leeder-

ille, although I intend to answer his letter more fully as soon

as possible.

It is often said, and justly, at least ingreatpart,thattheargumentofmaterial progressis irrelevant. It isnot thefunctionofreligiontopromotematerial progress. So much so, that many writers on this subject deplore, as one of the effects of theGreat Re. xolt against the Jfedievals' set-up of Christendom, the opening of the door to the "Economic Man" of modern timesby,atleast, part ofthedevelopmentofProtestantism. AndlestIappearpartisaninmakingthisstatement, Ireferlistenerstothe lateArchbishop of Canterbury, WilliamTemple, in the third chapter of his book,"Christianity and the Social iOrder."

Moreover, most of the people who put forward this argument, in its various forms, fail to establish achain of cause and effect. They paint a picture on general lines and say, for example: in such and such Catholic countries social conditions arepoor, or education of the people is not widespread; therefore the Church is to blame. No other factors are taken into consideration. ITowever, to the specific questionsputinyour letter.

Q.: Fiance,SpainandItalyhave been under the domination of your Church for centuries.

A.: This to start with is not true.

First of all, sinre we are obviously dealing in comparisons, we must start from the time when the Medieval Christian Synthesis of life broke up. Before that, all Europe held ncommon religious faith.

Since then it is true to say that France,Spain and ItalyhavebeenCatholic countries, that is their peoples have been predominantly Catholic. It isnot true to say that these countries havebeen underthedominationofthe Catholic Church, even if we give the wnrd "domination" abenign meaning. France in modern times has been ruled by anti-religious forces.

Italy before the"Risorgimento" was aland ofindependent states; from the days of"United Italy" there was a distinctcleavagebetween Church and State until the Concordat of 1929.

ThehistoryofSpaininmoderntimes • —and Ido not mean merely recent times—hasshown aclash of forces not nearly always favourable to the influenceoftheChurch—although itis true that there wasnotacleavagebetween Church and State as in France and Italy. Iam stressing this merely to answeryourcontentionthattheChurch wassolely responsible forsocial,moral, andeducationalconditions.

Q.:Howdoyoureconcilethiswiththe

fact that the standardsof education and morals generally in those countries areso low?

A. Firstof all, it is not afact that the standards of morals generally are so low—inany case, so low

as what? What comparisons have you in mind?

If you think it is afact, you must produce your reasons. It is not nearly sufficient to say that you have been in France and Italy.

Secondly, in regard to education. This particular part of your argument is, in one sense, ludicrous. Any his-

tor_v of education, even those which do not uphold the Church's right to act in the field of education, will tell of the part played by the Catholic Church in the educational field and in the development of present-day popular education. (And Iam not speak. ing merely of culture in the more restricted sense.)

But you refer, Itake it, to what is' called sometimes the education of the masses—present-day universal, and, usually,compulsoryeducation. Iwould very much like to trace its development—but it would take up too much time. One thing is clear: it is in very large part secular education. And whetheritbe secularornot,mod. ern theory holds it to be the duty of theState to providethemeansofeducation, in fact, in the more common opinion to control education entirely:

As to the countries you mention. UniversaleducationinFrancehasbeen aState business. The role of the Church in the field of education was denied and religious teaching Orders were proscribed.

In Italy the Church wasnotallowed to interfere. Until 1923 there was religious teaching in the State schools—in that year the "Gentile" laws introduced aform of religious teaching in keeping with its author's theory of the philosophy of education and not satisfactory to the Church. Only in very recent times was the Church allowed further influence.

.1s to Spain. the first actual law on compulsory education was passed in 1867,theagelimitsof compulsoryeducation in 1933were from six to twelve years of age, and free elementary education was introduced in 18:17; England, 1870.

If the standards of education in these countries is low, which is open to question at least—or if educational facilities are not as widespread as in some other countries;(why do you blame the Church, when so many otherfactorsenter—nnd when inmany instances the Church has been positively denied the right to fulfil Her age-old rolein thissphere?

As to your final challenge, to name ally one country that has progressed socially, educationally, morally or in any way whatsoever whilst under the jurisdiction of the Catholic Church— itstermsare snwide as tomake it ap. pear just asupercilious taunt. Although idonot say youintend itthat way. What Tthink is that you got it all out of nbook. Anyone who could seriously ask that question has absolutely no historical sense. Nevertheless, Tintend to return to this challenge in duecourse.

T

E. M. E., Adelaide Terrace, Perth: Q.: Canadivorced person(nonCatholie) marry aCatholicin the Roman CatholicChurchifsheturnsaCatholic beforehand?

A.: Themere factofbecomingaCatholic does not affect the issue. It dependson other factors, among them the circumstancesof the previousmarriage.

Ithink that you must haveinmind whatisknownasthePaulinePrivilege, socalledbecause ofthe teachingofSt. Paul as found in ICor., VII., 12-IS: "For the rest Ispeak, not the Lord. If any brother hath awife that believeth not, and she consent to dwell with him; let him not put her away.

And if any woman have ahusband that believeth not, and he consent to dwell(with her; let her not put away her husband. For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the believing wife; and theunbelieving wife is sanctified by the believing husband; otherwise your children should be unclean, but now they are holy."

"But if the unbeliever depart, let himdepart. Forabrother or asister is not under servitude in such cases. But God hath called us in peace."

It is to be notedfirst ofall that St. Paul wasdiscussing not Christianmarriage but marriage between two unbelievers, tco pagans. Therefore, the Pauline Privilege is used only when there is question of anatural marriage between twounbaptised persons.

This is the procedure:

If aconvert receives Christian baptism,enquiry musthemadeas to:(1)

Whether the unbaptised party is also willing to receive baptism, in which case the marriage remains intact;(2) Whether theunbaptised party, remaining unbaptised, is willing to live in peaceful wedlock without blaspheming the Creator. mithout intending to pervertor tempt the Christianto mortal sin.

If after the enquiry, which in technical language is called an interpellation—these questiones are answered in the negative, anew marriage may be contracted which ipso facto disolves the old`one.

Q.: Will theCatholic Church accept her if she turnsCatholic before her coming marriage?

A.: Itake it that you mean to ask if she will be received into the CatholicChurch. Ifshe isconvincedof the truth of Catholicism, she will be received. That means awillingness to

dowhatever isrightinthelight of Catholic teaching, among other things to obey the lawsof theChurch in regard to marriage.

Q.: If the previous marriage prevents her from becoming aCatholic, what can she do in this respect, as she wants tomarry aCatholic soon?

A.: The previous marriage will not prevent her from becoming aCatholic —itmayquiteeasilyprevent her from marrying again intheCatholicChurch. In that case, the only answer possible is this: If she sincerely wishes to becomeaCatholicand findsthat amarriage in the Church is not allowed, then she must drop the idea of mar. riage.

Q.: Her previous marriage (both parties being non-Catbolic*) tools place in anon-Catholic church.

A.: On thefaceofit,since you mention no other circumstances, that marriage is valid in the eyes of the Church,as,wellasintheeyesofeveryoneelse. Inany case,the whole problem should be discussed personally. TheCatholicpartyconcernedshouldbe abletoarrangethat. InthissessionI cannot do more than repeat the general principles.

Note: A similar question from an. other listener has been answered personally as requested-

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Centenary J

JOHNBANNISTERTABB

Ile returned to America aCatholic, converted and baptised by Newman. His first convert was Tabb. It took him two years to convince Tabb that he, too, should join the Church. Finally the latter went to Bishop Gibbons for instruction.

America's Driest-Poet.... Strange Career for "Sudden Flights of Song" Swift, Delicate Music of His Poems Bearing the Cross of Blindness

By JOHN J. BARRY.

Father Tabb came from an aristocratic Scotch-English family,one of the oldest and wealthiest in Virginia. In riffs

veins ran the blood of the Washingtons and the Randolphs. The beautiful plantation, The Forest, where he was born on March 22, 1845, was not far from Richmond. Here, in an atmosphere of wealth and culture, John Bannister and his two brothers and theirsister received their early training from private tutors. John, the third child, suffered from weak eyes. Noted oculists pronounced his case incurable, but notalarmingifcarewere taken. He was agifted boy, with unusual talents in music and drawing.

The Civil War brought an abrupt endtothe peace andquietof the Tabb household. Young men from the surrounding plantations were enlisting in the Confederate Army and the urge to join the colours was strong. The eldest,

William, 22, enlisted as acaptain; the youngest, Yel•erton, only 14, became aprivate; John, who was 17, was rejected because of poor eyesight. But he was undaunted by his rejection, and through the influence of Major Ficklin, aclose friend, he entered the Confederate Navy as clerk on the runner,"Robert E. Lee."

For two years he helped run the Union blockade. On asecret mission to England the crew was feted, and young Tabb attracted attention with his clever caricatures of northern leaders. An English periodical offered him aposition as acartoonist. But he refused, stating he had ajob to finish.

On the return journey the boat was captured after arunning battle with the larger and speedier "Keystone State." The crew were imprisoned in Bull Pen, Point Lookout, \Id. A sketch made by Tahb reseals their wretched quarters. Here he met ayoung prisoner, Sidney Lanier, who had served as signal officer on acaptured hlockade runner. Tabb

writes of their meeting: "Here in this hell hole, while Iwas lying on my cot, ill with fever, the distant notes of aflute reached my ears. Isaid to myself,'Imust find that man.'"

Their association helped to lighten manyadreary hour. Bothwere deeply interested in music and poetry, and both were eventually to become leading poets of the South. Lanier, arecognised musician, contended that music played agreat part in poetry. His influence on Tabb's future;work was very evident, especially in the latter's"short swallow flights of song."

The long period of imprisonment gave the two men adeep and lasting hatred for the North. Both left prison broken in health. Lanier never recovered, while Tabb's vision was greatly impaired by lack ofmedical attention. Upon theirreturnhome they found only ruin, starvation, desolation. Poverty stalked theonce fertile plantations; the beautiful colonial mansions lay in smouldering ruins; life wasatastandstill. Valuable farm land sold as lowas 50c. anacre.# Long breadlineswere daily kept in check by negroes, formerly the slaves of those who now stood waiting patiently for ameagre supper of cornmeal.

In the gloomy period that followed, Tabb had great difficulty in readjusting himself. His family's fortune had vanished. After studying music, he became an instructor in St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal school for boys in Baltimore. whose rector, Rev. Al. fred Curtis, became aclose friend.

Five rears later, encouraged by Curtis, Tabb entered the Episcopal Seminar- at Alexandria to prepare for the ministry. During this period Curtis became deeply interested in the Oxford.Movement and the part of Dr. Newman in it. The latter's"Apologia Pro Vita Sim" telling the story of his lifeand conversion,wonthe deepestadmiration of Curtis, which he expressed inaletter. Newman invited Curtis to England. The latter accepted.

When asked by associates why he had become aCatholic, Tabb replied: "I climbed higher, then higher and higher until Igot to the top of the fence, saw the other side, liked it, and went over." lie often admitted to friends that the old heresy frequently troubled him, andthat he preferred the King James version of the Bible for the beauty ofitslanguage.

Two months after his conversion he registered at St. Charles' College. Three years later, 1875, at 30, he grad. uated and accepted ateaching position in St. Peter's School, Richmond. He later returned to St. Charles as ,

in. structor in English and Greek. In September of 1881 he enrolled at St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore. Ile was ordained December 20, 1884, Soon after, hereturned-to hisAlma Mater as a teacher, and remained until his death, 25 years later.

Ile was an excellent teacher. His sternness, nicely balanced by wit and humour, made him a favourite. Although recognised as afine Greek and Latin scholar, he taught only English and Bible history. To aid his classes in the fundamentals of English, Father Tabb wrote his own text. book,"Bone Rules: or The-Skeleton of English Grammar," and dedicated it to"his pupils, active and passive, perfect and imperfect; past, present, and future."

When his students were prepared, he was at his best; when not, his wit turned to sarcasm that alw'ays carried asting. Sometimes he would make sketches on the blackboard or write little poems to reveal how disappointed he was.

One of the things the students al. ways hoped for was to have him recite afavourite poem and forget the lines. At such times he would roll his eves. grunt, "claw around as if to capture the fugitive phrases;" and then swing his long, loose-jointed ha n

d. No one dared to laugh. That was reserved for the playground. Father Tabb, standing at the window overlooking the yard, frequently saw himself imitated. Ile enjoyed those scenes immensely, especially when the imper. sonator would swing his right arm and slap himself on the hear).

Many of his clever puns were copied on textbook margins and became the students' heritage.

In spite of his many eccentricities the boys loved him as teacher and priest. They told of his kindness and generosity, especially to poor students. The stern rebukes in class were later softener) when the offending student was caller) to the priest's room, "bare as famine;" with only alittle table and chair, and a "wee rug" by his bed. Here he would receive ahag of choice candy—round sugar marbles with a large not in the centre.

Some students, who later on became priests, admitted that they owed much to the pious exampl e o

fFather Tabb. His great devotion at Mass, his tender love for the Blessed Virgin, his night. l- saying of the Stations of the Cross —those were things that the boys noticed. On many anight young eyes secretly watched the tall gaunt figure of the priest, carrying alittle candle, set in an old tin holder, as he said the Stations. They told of his long meditationat the fourth, when Christ meets His Blessed Mother. Some said that the yellow• glow of the candle revealed tears when he came to the eleventh, where Christ is nailed to the Cross.

During his long career of teaching, his pen was busy writing poetry. Ile was at his best in very short poems. The quatrain became aflexihle instrument in hishands, with power, beauty, and delicacy. "It is not without cause;" observed :Vice Meynell, "that his complete poems are so brief. Sud-

den Rights of song are they, and swift and far, but quickly closed, all complete."

In them he reveals himself amaster of words. He weaves them cleverly' into his verses, blending their sounds to draw out their beauty and power. Frequently he made cumbersome thoughts cast off their heaviness and dance on wordsof life and colour.The music that runs through his verse is only an echo of the deeper music in his soul. In "A Legacy" note the musical beauty:

Do you remember, little cloud,

This morning, when you lay Amist along the river, what

The waters had to say?

And how the many coloured flowers

That on the margingrew, All promised when th e

da

ywas done

To leave their tints to you?

Some poems are light and frivolous. To Father Tabb, poetry was ameans of expressing himself, and he used it for many' occasions. Where others would write aletter he would rhyme a few clever lines and print them with pencil or pen on the back of apenny postcard, sometimes accompanied with an appropriate sketch.

This light verse reveals arare sense of humour. It has aspontaneity and an unusual turn that provokes thoughful laughter. Andrew Lang, the critic, once misspelled Father Tabb's name. The latter replied in the poem, "To Mr. Andrew Lang, Who Misspelled My Name Tab'":

0why should Old Lang Sign Acompliment to me

(If it indeed is mine)

And filch my final b?

To bibas to the Dane

In his soliloquy,

This question comes again— "2b or not 2b?"

In his serious work he tells much of hisown life, his love for the human and divine, the little common things of life, the innocence of childhood, the beauty of nature in all her moods. At times he sings with the sheer joy of singing. And at other times astrain of melancholy, delicate and tender, runsthrough his works, as in hispoem, "Childhood":

Old Sorrow ishall meet again

And Joy, perchance—bait never, never, Happy Childhood, shall we twain

See each other's face forever!

And yet Iwould not call thee back,

Dear Childhood, lest the sight of me, Thine old companion, on the rack

Of Age, should sadden even thee.

Ile had reason for this melancholy strain. The lengthening shadow of his blindness was drawing nearer and he anticipated the total darkness that was to shroud his life. With this in mind he penned these pathetic lines to "Going Blind":

Back to the primal gloom

Where life began

As to my mother's womb

Must Iaman

Return:

Not to be born again,

But to remain;

Andin theschoolofDarknesslearn

What mean

"The things unseen."

Ile became totally blind ayear before his death. To one who loved as he did. it must have been aterrible affliction. Not to view again the faces of those dear to him, the beauty ofaspring daydancingacrossthe meadow, the trees robed in the gorgeous colours of autumn, the stars set like jewels inablack and velvet skv—such privations alone would be sufficient to produce aprofound gloom. If they did, he never revealed it.

4

Sir, In common with all fair-minded readers, of whatever political bias, I take strong exception to the cowardly, letter signed"R. M. Allen," which oppearedinyourissueofaugust1. Cowardly, because if the lady's convictions were genuine, they would issuein honest political action, and not resort to the infamy of poisoning the wells on theeven of anelection.

The cheap suggestionthat Mr. Beaz. lev is abadly-camouflaged Communist is akin to the assertion, put up by bigotsof anothersort,that theLabour candidate is ust another Jesuit in disguise. Denials mean nothing to this typeofseer. ThetestimonyofCatholic members of the University Labour Club who are intimate with the political career of Kim Beazley, and find him eminently representative of that movement which owes so much to Gatholicsocial teaching, mayhelpmollify theformerslander. Itcanhardlyhope to erase the stigma thatassociates the proud titleof"Catholic" with these illinformed attacks.

It isalleged that "the Government candidatehasdecriedsooftenthework of our Church schools." Presumably thisreferstoapublicdebate,opportunityfortakingpartinwhichwasappreciated by the Catholic community as givingwelcome publicity to their case.

I— dkeiission was frank and informative; but tobrandas a hypocrite and abigot one who co-operated in such obvious good faith is hardly in the bestCatholic tradition—or ingood taste.

The outlook that inspired "R. M. Allen's" pre-election propaganda is no compliment tothecultureimpartedby thereligiousschoolsystem. Itreveals littleeducation in religion,andnothing ofAustralianfairplay. The Papal injunction to go out and infuse justice

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and charity into the political cockpit seems to have been overlooked by one who has borne agrave injustice(of "more than seventy years'" standing) with equanimity—apart from alittle mud-slinging.

Opponents oftheLabour Movement whoare so discerningin thematterof "genuine Laborites"wouldbemore entertainingly and, possibly, more profitably employedin chicken-sexing. Of coure there would be the imminent danger of apotential Red' Orpington slipping through their lily4white fingers.—Your's, ate.,

DICK F.NGLISII.

31.1fartin-aventie, Nerllands.

Sir,—It is with satisfaction that I notetheremarksofR.Alleninthelast issueonthequestionofthereligiousattitudes of Parliamentary candidates. The correspondentistobe congratulatedon bringingintothe lightasubject hitherto all too often relegated to the shadowsonthescoreofdelicacy. Plain speech in the matter israre, and very welcome.

TheChurchassuchtakesnoactionin matters of politics, but it cannot be questioned in thesedaysofever-widen. ingcontrolby theStateofallthatpertains to human existence, the private convictions of the rulers of the State areamatterforpublicinterest. Ifwe are tobe governedinsocomprehensive amanner as the steady increase of Statepowerindicates,wemaywithjustice desire to knowwho governs us; and if acandidate for political power isan avowed opponentoftheessential dignity ofChristianity, Christians may without hesitation brand him so. In this regard there can never be any doubtofwhereloyaltyisdue. Catholicsmay,and(to,adheretoeveryshade of purely political opinion, but it is certain that Catholics cannot morally support acandidateknown to be antiCatholic.

In matters such as this maudlin appeal's. to"charity" should not blind us to the duty of denouncing evil wherever it'rears its ugly head. Ile who over-set the money-changers in the Temple did not,either,"pill His punches" when exposing the Scribes and Pharisees for what they were. His enemies are, unhappily, still with us: w•e may love them like brothers, but (l..,1

...e--ill not help them to op. pose Ifim.—Yours, etc.,

VIGIL. S

Sir,—The endorsed Labourcandidate for Fremantle(Mr. KimBeazley), ina recent election speech made a great effort to impress upon his audience that he liked the truth. It was further reported that"At the outset of his speech Mr. Beazley said that those who were associating the Australian Labour Party with Communism were lying." "It is acanard," be said, "and Ithrow it in their teeth. Irepeat with all the intensity Ican that it is alie."

Asonewhoisinterestedinthe truth, Ithink it is afact that true Labourites and responsible Labour men generally detest any association of the Party with Communism, but that is not sufficient to prevent infiltration byagang which uses Labour. Isubmitthat theselectedLabourcandidate for Fremantleinnotsincere inhis protestations. Here are a few facts which cannotbeexplained away:

(1) Mr. Beazley's staunchest supporterlast yearattheUniversity Labour Club was, until he was expelled from the Labour Party for admitting thathe wasamemberoftheCommunist Party, Mr. Arthur Rudkin, arecognised organiser for the Communist Party, and one-time editor of the "Worker's' Star," the local Communist weekly. It is arecognised fact that SHEFFIELD HOUSE, the University Labour Club, like many other branches of the Labour 71191 HAY STREET, PERTH. Party, has since the time of its inceptionalwayshad troublewithits"Red"

element. Of late vents 11r. Beazley has been recognised

as the leader of the extreme left section of the Club, and Rudkinwas the centre ofagroup .who fought for Beazley through thick and thin. Thiswasmerelyacontinuationofthepolicy-which hadbeenfol. lowed by others of the same ilk, including one Mr. Arthur Hartley, who never made asecret of his Communist sympathies, ever since Mr, Beazley joined the Club. Communists don't do such things without areason, nor do Communist supporters and fraternisers.

(2) Following adefeat by the antiCommunist section of the University Labour Club, Mr. Beazley immediate. ly gravitated to the Claremont-Nedlands branch of the A.L.P., where he again had the support of a strong "Red" element, which elected him as delegate to the'.Metropolitan Council in placeof aLabour'stalwart.

(3) Within the Teachers' Union it was generally known that Mr. Beazley was one of the leaders and had the solidsupportof it

sectionwhichwas at least"Red" in its outlook. Supported by this element and, of course, by others whowere genuinely sincere,Mr. Beazley fought indefatigably but unsuccessfully to secure affiliation of the Teachers' Union with the A.C.T.U. In the Teachers' Journal of September 16, 1943,Mr.Beazleyisreportedassaying"TheAustralian Council of Trades Union was non-political: This is one of those statements that contain that small element of truth which make's it worse than apalpable falsehood. The A.C.T.U.representsthe industrailwingof the Labourmovement in the Eastern States, and we have seen how, quite recently, it has been accused by none less than aFederal Labour Minister of being Communist controlled. It haselected as its delegate to the Paris Congress Mr. Ernie Thornton, the well-known Communist. The Labour candidate for Fremantle iseitherverynaiveor he isnotabove, as he accuses other people of doing, deliberately misrepresenting the facts. In any case, soon after his statement that the A.C.T.U. was not apolitical lardy, Mr. Beazlev did, again unsuccessfully, attempt to get theTeachers' Uniontoaffiliate with apoliticalbody —this time, the Western Australian i division of the A.L.P.

(4) Mr. Beazlev has often been bill. ed asguest speaker at meetings of organisations which were indisputably Communist subsidiaries, of Communist outlook, and featuring Communist literature and propaganda, despite the fact thatmembersoftheLabourParty are looked at with suspicion if they associate themselves with such bodies. Further, Mr. Beazley's continued associationwithMr.EdwardBeeby,aleading spokesman of the Communist section of the community, is common knowledge.

(5) In his Adult Education lectures, Mr. Beazlev's outlook has always seemed to he identical with the attitude usually taken by Communists on the subjects with which he dealt.

(6) In lectures to students at the Teachers' Training college, Mr. Beazley has offended the susceptibilities of young teachers by his veiled attacks on religion generally, and by sneering references to religious denominations —both Protestant and Roman Catholic. This attitude is very different from thatofoneto whom weowesomuch, the late John Curtin. Moreover,most people would disagree with the intoleranceof Mr. Beazley in this matter, and would endorse the remarks of Field MarshalMontgomery,whostated last week, when he received the free. dom of his boyhood home town."The foundation of post-war civilisation must contain agood leavening of the spiritual. If we buildonly on material matter weshall fail."

(7)Itmay,ormay'not,betruethat theLabourPartyandtheTradeUnion Movementare dominated byCommun-

ists, butit would seemon theevidence that the selected Labour candidate for Fremantle is not the Labourite he professes to be. Indeed, gossip has it that,since the selection ofMr. Beazley as the Labour candidate was announced, certain supporters of the endorsed Communist candidate, Mr. Troy, have given overworking for their candidate and have thrown their support behind whnt they consider abetter proposition from the Communist view!)-)int, Mr. Beazley.—Yours, etc., H. HANSON.

Perth.

Sir,—(nlast week's issue of "The Record" acorrespondent described as unfortunate the views of the endorsed Labour candidate for Fremantle (Mr. Kim Beazley) on religion andreligious education. Mr. Beazley would also seem to hold perverted views on Catholic Action and the Holy Name Society, both of which bodies he has publicly attacked. The fact of these attacks indicates that either Mr. Beazley suffers from excessive bigotry or has been grossly misinformed as to the nature of boththese organisations. —Yours, etc.,

J. ANDERSON.

Sir,—May Iadd my remarks to those of your correspondent, R. M. Allen,inlastweek'sissue?

During the Adult Education Summer School at Crawley this year, Mr. Kim Beazley, in the course of an address, referred disparagingly to the workandstandardofeducation inour Catholic schools, which he claimed had been built out of religious prejudice. Ifeel it only right to draw Mr. Beazley's attention to the fact that no matter what might be aperson's private opinion, the public expression of such views is scarcely fitting in one who aspires to be the elected representative of the people,and Ido

so in thehope that, if elect. ed, Mr. Beazley will be more careful about offendingCatholics who arepreparedtomake greatsacrifices to build those schools and to provide what they believe to be the best possible education for their children.

In the particular talk referred to, Mr. Beazley did not even have the excuse, poor though it may be, which he has had on some other occasions whenhehasbeenselectedasthecham. pion to put the case against the Church School, that his remarks were made in the course of adebate, so -

I presume theymay be taken asan expression of hisownviews—Yours,etc., E. B.

MIDLAND JUNCTION

ANNUALCATHOLICBALI.,

A strong committee has everything in readiness for the Midland Catholic Ball, on Friday, September 7. Afeature of the Ball thisyear will be the music and supper. There will be a presentation of"Debs." Those who have been to the Midland Ball know that it is the outstanding Ball of the yearoutsidethecity. Asthecommittee isdetermined tolimit the issue of tickets, in order to ensure comfortable dancingroom,patronsarewelladvised togetinearly. Ticketsat Pellegrini's, Hay-street.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'S LEAGUE

Thegeneral meeting will be held on Monday, August 13.

Members-arestill busy repairingand packing garments for U.N.R.R.A.

Alarge quantity ofwool is now on hand, which should be made up as quickly as possible into socks, cardigans, etc. ,All knitters are asked to call at 10 Nestle House for wool on Wednesdays. Oanteen.

Phyllis Dean: Saturday, August25.

Dunleavy: Sunday, August 12; Monday, August 20.

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Despite Concordat Persecution of Catholics Grew in Germany

PiusXIDenouncedNazismas"ArrogantApostasyfromJesusChrist''

Pope Recallsthe.'Horrorsof Dachau Camp Is .

Warns Against Uprising of -

aNew Despotic Tyranny

(Continued from Front Cover.)

And right up to the end they set up against theforcesofimpiety andpride theirforces offaith,prayerandopenly Catholic behaviour and education. In the meantime, the HolySeeitself multiplied its representationsand protests to governing authorities in Germany, reminding them inclear,energetic language of their duty to respect and fulfil the obligationsofthenaturallaw itself that were confirmed by the Concordat. Z

"Mit BrennenderSorge."

In those critical years, joining the alert vigilance of apastor to the long suffering patience of a father, Our Great Predecessor, Pius XI., fulfilled hismission asSupreme Pontiffwith intrepid courage. But when, after he had tried all means of persuasion in vain, he sawhimselfclearlyfaced with deliberate violations of asolemn pact, with areligious persecution masked or open, but always rigorously organised, he proclaimed to the world on Passion Sundav,1937,inhisEncyclical, "(fit BrennenderSorge,"whatNational Socialism really was: the arrogant apostasy from Jesus Christ, the denial of His doctrine andof Hiswork of redemption, the cult of violence, the idolatry- of race and blood, the overthrow of human liberty and dignity.

Like aclarion call that sounds the alarm, the Papal document with its vigorous terms—toovigorous, thought more than one at the time—startled the minds and hearts ofmen. Many —even beyond the frontiers of Germany—who up to then had closed their eyes to the incompatibility of the National Socialist viewpoint with the teachings of Christ, had to recognise and confess their mistake. Many -but not all! someeven among the faithful themselves, were too blinded by their prejudices or allured by political advantage. Theevidence of the facts brought forward by Our Prede. cessordidnotconvincethem,muchless induce them to change their ways. Is it mere chance that some regions, which latersufferedmore from theNational Socialist system, were precisely those where the h:neyelical,"\lit Brennender Sorge" wag less, or not at all, heeded? Would it then have been possible, byopportuneand timely political action, to block once and for all the outbreak ofbrutal violence and to put the German people in the position to shake off the tentacles that were strangling it' Would it have been

possible thus to have saved Europe and the world from this immense inundation of blood? Nobody would dare to give an unqualified judgment.

NationalSocialismCondemned.

But in any case, nobody could accuse the Church of not having denounced and exposedin time the true nature of the National Socialist movement and the danger to which it exposed Christian civilisation."Whoeversetsup race, orthepeople,orthe State, oraparticular form ofstate, or the depositariesof power,oranyother fundamental value of the human community-to be thesupremenorm of all, even of religious values, and divinises them to an.idolatrous level, distorts and perverts an order of the world planned and created by God." (Cfr. Acta -

Apostolica Sedis,Volume XXIX, 1937, pages 149 and 171.)

The radical opposition of the National Socialist State to the Catholic ,Church is summed up in this declaration of the Encyclical. When things had reached this point, the Church could not, without foregoing her mission, any longer refuse to take her stand before the wholeworld.

But by doing so, she became once again"asign which shall be contradicted"(Luke 2,34),inthepresenceof which contrasting opinions divided off into twoopposed camps

TheYear1997.

German Catholicswere,onemap sav, at one in recognisingthat the Encyclical,"Mit Brennender Sorge," had brought light, direction, consolation andcomfort to all those who seriously meditated and conscientiously practisedthe religionofChrist. Butthere. actionof those whohadbeen inculpatedwasinevitable,andinfactthatvery Year, 1937, was fortheCatholic Church inGermany,ayearofindescribablehitterness and terrible outbreaks. T„e important political eventswhich marked the two following years, and then the war, flirt

not bring any attentua. tionin the hostilitvof National Social. ism towards the Church, a hostility which was manifest up to these last mnnths when National Socialists still flattered themselveswith theideathat, once they hadsecurer( victory inarms, 'they could do aw

ay w

ith t

he

Ch urc

h forever.

:Authoritative and absolutely trust. worthy witnesses kept us informed of these plans. They unfolded themselves,actually in the reiterated and ever more intense activity against the Church in Austria. Alsace-Lorraine,

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and,aboveall,in thosepartsofPoland which had already been incorporated in theold Reichduringthe war; there everythingwasattackedanddestroyed —that is, everything that could be reachedbyexternalviolence.

ScienceandTorture.

Continuing the work of Our Predecessor, We Ourselves have, during the war and especially in Our radio messages,constantlysetforththedemands andperenniallaws of humanityandof the Christian.Faith, in contrast with theruinousand inexorableapplications of National Socialist teachings, which evenwentsofaras tousethemostexquisitescientific methods to torture or eliminate people who were often innocent.

Thisspas for Us the mostopportune —and We might even say the only— efficacious way of proclaiming before the world the immutable principles of the moral law and of confirming, in the midst of so much error and violence,in theminds andheartsof Ger. man Catholics, the higher ideals of truthandjustice. And Oursolicitude was not without its effect. Indeed, We know that Our messages, and especially that of Christmas, 1942, despite every prohibition and obstacle, werestudiedinthediocesanclergyconferencesinGermanyandthenexpounded andexplained to theCatholicpopulation.

Sudden End.

If the rulers of Germany had decided to destroy the Catholic Church evenin the old Reich, Providence had decidedotherwise Thetribulationsinflicted on the Church by National Socialism have been brought to an end through the sudden and tragic end of the persecution! From the prisons, concentration camps, andfortresses are now pouring out, together with the political prisoners, also the crowds of those,whetherclergyorlaymen,whose onl- crime was their fidelitv toChrist and tothe Faithof theirfathersorthe dauntless fulfilment of their duties as priests.

Forthem,We have prayedandhave seizedeveryopportunity,whenever the occasion offerer(, to send them aword of comfort and blessing from Our paternal heart. Indeed, themore the veils are drawn which up to now hid the sorrowful passion of the Church underthe NationalSocialistregime,the more apparent becomes the strength, often steadfast unto death, of numberless Catholics, and the glorious share in that noble contest which belonged totheclergy.

Dachau.

Although as yet not in possession of the complete statistics, We cannot refrain from recalling here, by wav of example, some details from the abundant accounts which have reached Us from priests and laymen who were interned in the concentration camp at Dachau and wereaccounted worthy- to suffer reproach for the name of Jesus iActs v, 41),

In the forefront,for the numberand harshness of the treatment meted out to them—are the Polish priests. From 1910 to 1915, 2;

C(X) Polish ecclesiastics and religions were imprisoned in that camp; among.them was aPolish Auxiliary- Bishop, who died there of typhus. in April last, there were left only Ste;,all the othersbeingdead, except for two or three transferred to another camp.

in the summer of 1912,4S0 Germanspeaking ministers of religion were known tobe gathered there; of these, 45 were Protestants, al the others Catholicpriests. In spiteofthecontinuous inflow of new internees, especially from some dioceses of Bavaria, the Rhineland and Westphalia, their number,asaresult ofthehighrateofmortality,atthebeginningofthisyear,did notsurpass 350. Nor should We pass over in silence those belonging to occupied territories—;Tolland. Belgium, France(among whom the Bishop of Clermont), Luxembourg, Slovenia, Italy. Many of those priestsandlaymen endured indescribable sufferings for their faith and for their vocation.

Inonecasethehatredoftheimpious against Christ reached the point of parodying, on the personofaninterned priest,withbarbedwire,th,;scourging and the crowning with thorns of Our Redeemer

The generous victims who, during the 12 years since 1933, have in Germany sacrificed for Christ and His Church, their possessions, their freedom,theirlives,areraisingtheirhands to God in expiatory sacrifice. May thejustGodacceptitinreparationfor themanycrimescommittedagainstthe present and future generation and es. pecially against the unfortunate youth of Germany, and may He at last stay thearmoftheexterminatingangel.

GermanCatholicism.

With ever-increasing persistence NationalSocialismstrovetodenouncethe Church as the enemy of the German people. The manifest injustice of the accusation would havedeeplyoffdnded thesentimentofGermanCatholicsand ,Our own, if it had come from other lips. Buton thelipsofsuchaccuser's, so far from being agrievance, the accusation is the clearest and most honorable testimony to the strong, inces. sant opposition maintained by the Church to such disastrous doctrines and methods, in the interest of true civilisation and of the German people. To thatpeople We offerthewishthat, freed now from the error whichplunged it into chaos, it may find again its own salvation at the pure fountains of true peace and true happiness, at the fountains of truth, humility and charity flowing with the Church from the IIeart of Christ.

Ahardlearned lesson surely, that of these past years! Godgrant atleast thatitmayhavebeenunderstood,and he profitable to other nations.

Tyranny No Less Despotic,

"Receive instruction, you that judge the earth"(Psalm II., 10).

That is the most ardent with of all who sincerelylovemankind. Formankind, now the victim of an impious process of exhaustion, of cynical disregard for the life and rights of men, has but oneaspiration: tolead atranquilandpacificlifeindignityandhonesttoil. Andio this purposeithopes that an end mill be put to that insolence with which the family and the domestichearth have been ahused and profanedduringthewaryears

For that insolence cries to heaven and hasevolved into one of the gravestperilsnotonly forreligionandmorality,butalso for harmoniousrelations betweenmen. it has,aboveall,rreated those mobs of dispossessed, disillusioned, disappointed and hopelessmen whoare going toswelltheranksofrevolution and disorder, in the pav of a tvrannvnoless despoticthan those for whose overthrow men planned.

Organisation forPeace.

Thenations,and notablythemedium and small nations, claim the right to take their destinies into their own hands. They can be led to assume, with their full and willing consent, in the interest of common progress„obligations which will modify their sovereign rights.

But after having sustained their share—theirlarge share—ofsufferingin order to overthrow asystemof brutal violence, they are entitled torefuse to accept anew political or cultural system which is decisively rejected by the great majority of their people. They maintain, and with reason, that theprimary taskofthepeace-framersis toputanendtothecriuninalavargame and to safeguard vital rights and mutual obligations as between the great and small, powerful and weak.

Deep in theirhearts the peoples feel that their rule would be discredited if theydidnotsucceedinsupplantingthe mad folly of the rule of violence by the victoryof the right.

The thought of arare peace organisationis inspired--nobodycoulddoubt it—by the most sincere and loyal goodwill. The whole of mankind follows the progress of this noble enterprise with anxious interest. What a (Continuedon Page 11.)

What CommunityCentres Could Mean to Rural•Social Life :

Meveme:-

tfs Towards Self-Help in Australia IS WESTRALiAN FARMERS, LTD., A 00.0PERATIVE?

Farmers often ask the question: Is Westralian Farmers' Ltd., aco-operative? The question is anatural one, %lost farmers probably have ashare or so in it, and with so much talk these days about the value of Co-operation they are naturally interested. For they sav if it'is aco-operative, thencocperation does not seem tobe of much benefit to those in it.

To begin with, it must be admitted that, apart from any money benefit that Westralian Farmers Ltd., may or may nothavegiven the farmersof this State, it has given great serviceto the producers, in many ways.

The title,"Westralian Farmers Ltd.;" does not contain the word "Co-operative;' vet the Articles of Association do, if in aqualified form, contain the principles of co-operation. The grin ciples recognised by all the world as the real co-operative principles are: 1

. One vote per person, 2. Profits dis• tributed to the customer-shareholder in proportion to his business. 3. Open membership.

These three principles seem to be observed in the Memorandum ofAssociation of W.F.L., for in Article 36 you find,"Every member qualified to vote shall havean equal voting power, irrespectiveof thenumber of sharesheldby him." in Artice 37: "All surplus profits(after making provision for re• serves as aforesaid) in any year shall be distributed by way of bonus, either in cash,orbonus shares,ordebentures, in proportion to the business done by theshareholderwiththecompany,orat the option of the Board in proportion to the profits earned by the company rn such shareholder's business."

Thus the first two principles seem to he olser•ed in the rules, and the third principle"open membership" is an obvious fact, for anyone may become a shareholder. However, since it is a producers' co-operative, only shareholders who are producers may vote, and for this purpose theirnamesare mscrihed()It aspecial registerofthe corn• panv called"The Primary Producers' Register," which by law is open to inspection at any reasonable timeby any member.

The Weakness.

It will readily he seen that the control of the business lies in thehands of the shareholders (producers). At all general meetings they have the right tovole,and at theannual election they ran appoint their directors. if they fail to doso it is, of course, their own affair. Too many, however, imagine that they cannot do this and therefore take little further interest.

What About the Profits?

People imagine that all the profits go toinvestors. That is notso. The rate of interest on shares is4percent., and Ibelieve that has neverbeen higher, and rarely so high. The balance

FEDERAL -STATE TAXATION RETURNS

INCOMETAX:

Salaries and Wages, only, Form S.due 81.1July

Salaries and Wages, andior Other Inrome, Form A. due31stJuly

Bustnen". ete.. Form B. due 31stAugust.

LANDTAX: FederaldueForm.CB31stJuly

Federal-StateFormA

SlateFormGAdueSlatAugust

Penaltiesforrallure,upto6100

FormssnAInstructionatredOnks M. D. MEARS.

Co-ml-1—r0T...U..M..)

Co--I-ba-ofT...liftO.Yna

sheet is read out at the annual meeting also the auditor's report, and those document; would show shareholders where the profits go. It must be remembered, however, that in such abig concern, with so many different interests, mach money can be absorbed in creatingnewenterprises,andsometimes these enterprises love heavily.. That is why it appears unwise for a cooperative to be too big. Shareholders would rather have the profits paid to them regilarly than to know that many new lines of business are being opened with their profits. Onceagain thatis amatter,itseems tome,forthe shareholders themselves at their general meetings.

ImportantPoint.

There areapproximately 10,000share. holders in Westralian Farmers Ltd. ..1fany of theseare not producers.Farmers often consider that they are city financiers that dominate their interests and flood the voting against them. It is hard to see how this can be, for to have avote at all ashareholder must be aproducer, in some sense. Farmers should have more confidence in the power and rights conferred upon them, and exercise those rights.

HOW TO CREATE GREATER CONFIDENCE IN 00.OPERATIVES.

While people think that the "title" "co-operative"is onlyacoverfor anordinary joint stock company, there is little hopeforaco-operativemovement. ifthey thinkthat the co-operativeprinciples are not being observed, they are going to remain cynical to those who preach co-operation.

A NEW FACT IS NEEDED.

The Act covering co-operatives in Western Australia is merely asection of the Companys' act, aryl is not good enough. New South Wales has aspecial"Co-operative act" that is very comprehensive (111 pages), and it goes into great detail about the election ofdirectors and the di•trihution of thv profits. With such an act in this State anew interest in ro-operation tw ,

uld he awakened.

THE NEED FOR OOMMUNITY CENTRES,

The country family coming to town badly needs aplace where mother can attend to baby, where she can "playy!round" the children for awhile, and where she can rest A nursery, a playground, and arest room is adire need in every country town.

LIBRARIES.

Fow country towns have a decent lihrar•. in fact, without greatorganisation, it is impossible to have one. No single shop can offer the books that would he required by renders: it must be acommunity effort. A good library is an essential: whether for work or pleasure or cuture, books are necessary.

ADULT EDUCATION.

Adult Education is acommunity af. fair. It is the development of the social and economic life of acommunity. WhereAdult Education hasbeen asuccess it has led to an awakening of the economic and social possibilities of the district. In Denmark the people were faced with acrisis when their overseas marketsfailed them, and they had to change their whole type of farming almost overnight. That they did soefficientlywasdue toAdultEducation. In Nova Scotiawonders have been worked through theAdult Education system of St. Francis Xavier University.

SELF-GOVERNMENT,

Decentralisation is avital necessity, cet it is impossible while the people are unprepared and untrained for it. The community centre could become the training ground for self-government.

REGIONALISM.

Attracting the population from the cities to country centres will not come until the country towns offer modern facilitiesand servicescomparableto the city amenities. Regional development must come, but it will not come from governments, but from the people themselves. The government must and will help, but can only help those who first help themselves. Thecommunity centre must teach the people to think, instead of leaving their thinking to be done by politicians, whom most often they despise. When athing needs to he clone, instead of saying"the government should do something," the community will begin to do something.

SOCIALLIFE.

Social life in the country is very poor, and this is the main reason why young people long to get to the city. No one can blame them. Social life is ahuman need, and the community centres should he able to contribute much to the solution of this problem.

COMMUNITY CENTRES.

The Good andthe EvilofThem.

The spirit of community is natural to man. It is the living relationship of self to others, and is perfectly expressedin charity. Thisspirit of community was highly developed in othe times, before the Reformation biougnt in the philosophyof Individualism. But that community spirit diet not despise the personality of the individual; there was ahappybalance between the value of the individual and the community.

The modern trend is to ignore the individual. The reaction from 400 years of extreme individualism is to an extreme socialism. Littleaccount is taken of the human personality; men are treated as abstractions. People are conidered tohe identical, to be reared and made to work and live, and play, in great herds like cattle.

Modern society makes the serious mistake of substituting the kindergarten for the mother, and the community for the family. This error is as great as the old one of ignoring the community for the individual. The truth is that both the individual and the community must he considered, and above them both the family is the supreme unit.

CATHOLIC ATTITUDE.

Whilst dissenting from the extremist's who would wish to substitute the community for the family, and maintain that the kindergarten is more important than the mother,Catholics will welcome thismodern trend to agreater community life in country areas where isolation is aserious drawback, and where there is comparatively littledanger of extremism.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA SHOWS THE WAY.

The little Lutheran town ofNurioopta hasfor some timehad acommunity hotel. The profits from this hotel have since been used to promote other community enterprises. Thehotel cir• culates anewspaper free. In 1944 a co-operative store was opened, at -

a price of(12,000. They have fitted out abeautiful sports ground with every facility showers, supper-room, electric copper, tennis courts, cricket pitch, children's playgorund, howling green, croquet lawns, etc.

Their plans for the future are ambitious and include avouth hostel, an open-air theatre, an Olympic pool.

MURMURINGS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

The people of Cunderdin have held afew meetings to discuss the project of buying the local hotel as acommunity hotel and to use the profits for the social and cultural improvements of the town. There isarumour thatthe people of Tambellup have also had a similar meeting. The idea will no doubt spread if the pioneers make a success of their venture, which will require care and much hard work.

NEW "RURAL LIFE"

The monthly magazine of the Movement, "Rural Life," has been remodel. led. It now has 16 pages, and is liberally illustrated. With it is amalgamated "Fireon the Earth." Themost important pages are headed: "Parliamentary Digest," "Foreign News," "Rural Opinion," "Information," "N.C:R.M. News," "Book Reviews," "Wo• men's Affairs;'"Mothercraft and Child Problems." Price 3d. Free to mem. Lers.

ACORRECTION.

In list of Group leaders, the name of\Ir. T. Clone appeared as Group leader. This should have read Mr. F. Norrish, Katanning.

NOMORE WOOD CUTTINGI American Perfection Stoves; ideal for country and beach. At Hassell' 3. H8307.

New Shipment ...

Rosary Beads

NOW AVAILABLE.

No. 1,—Black Wood Beads, oval shaped, 18in.long •• . .. .. .. 3/-

No. 2.—Black Composition Beads, round shaped, lain. long .. .. 5/6

No. 6-111ack Galalite Beads, oval shaped, 17in. long .. .. .. .. 12/6

No. 3.—White Glass Beads, round shaped, 14in. long .. .. .. .. 5/6

No, 4.—White Glass Beads round shaped, 16in. long........ 8/6

No. 5.—Coloured shaped Galalite Beads, 17in. long (colours, red, blue, yellow and black) .. .. .. •• .. .. .. .. .. .. 15/-

No. 7.—Oval shaped Pearl Beads,15in. long ........ .. .... 13/6

No. 30.—Round shaped Pearl Beads, 14in. long.....,.... 18/6

No. 56,—Oval shaped Pearl Beads, 16in. long........••.. 19/6

No. 34.—Round shaped Pearl Beads, 15in. long .. .. .... • • .. 25/-

ROSARY CASES.

Leather Rosary Cases; size 3in. x2)iin., with MY ROSARY nicely stamped in gold or silver on front.Colours: Black, Blue, Fawn, Dark Brown and Light Brown • • .. .. ...... ...... ...... 2/3 each

MEDALS.

Beautiful silver-plated Medal:58in. diam,; subjects, Miraculous, Scapular,St. Christopher,and St.Therese .. .... .... .. 8d. each

PERTH, WFDNESDAY, AUGUST 8, 1945.

Our Lady's Greatest Feast

On Wednesday next the Church commemorates the happy failing asleep of the Virgin Mary, and h s tier tran'_ation ictto the kingdom of ht-.r4ou, to which she received front Him a :town of immortalgloryandathrone abovealltheother ,amts and heavenly spirits. After Cinist, the triumphant conqu(-ror of death and Hell, ascended into Heaven, His blessed Mother remained at Jerusalem, persevetingin prayer with the disciples till, w;ththem, she had received the Holy Ghost. St. John the Evangelist, to whom Christ tccotanlended her on His cross, took her under his protection. The prelatesassembled inthe General Council which was held at Ephesus in 431 mention as the highest preroga+ive of that city that it had sheltered St. John the Evangelist and the :Mother of God. Sonte conjecture that she died at Ephesus; but others think at k-, -

tisalem, where in later ages mention is made of her sepulchre, cutin arock at Gethseniani. Nothingis known of the clay, y,

•ar,or manner of her death, but all authorities agree that she lived to avery advanced age, improving daily in rerfect charity and all other virtues. She paid the common debt of nature, none among the children ofAdam being exempt from that law. But the death of the saints is rather to be called a sleep than death; much more thatof the Queen of Saints, who had been exempt front all sin.

Mary is the Mother of

Jesus, Jesus is God, therefore she is the Mother of God. Both before and after her miraculous childbearing she was avirgin and so remained all her days, according to the ifnaniutous and perpetual tradition and teaching of the Church. That she remained for her whole life absolutely sinless is affirmed by the Council of Trent. As the "second Eve" Mary is the spiritual mother ofall living, and veneration is due to herwith anhonourabove thataccorded toallother saints. But to give divine worship to her would be idolatry, for Mary isa creature, like the rest of human-kind, and all her dignity conies from God. It is atraditional belief in the Church not indeedan article of faith, but,accordingto Pope Benedict NIV., aprobable opinion the denialof tyhich would he impiousand blasphemous, that the body of the Blessed Virgin was preserved front corruption and soon after taken into Heaven and re-united to her soul, by an unique anticipation of the general resurrection. This doctrine can be traced hack to the fourth and perhaps to the second century. This preservation from corruption and assumption to glory was aprivilege which seems justly due to that sacred body which was never defiled by any sin, which was ever the most holy and purrstempleofGod, preserved front all contagion ofAdamand the common curse of nfutkind; that body from which the eternal Word received His own flesh, by whose hand; Ile was nourished and clothed on earth, and whom Ile vouchsafed to obey and honour as His nn,ther.

Tile Asstunptiou of the Virgin Mary is the greatest of all the festivals which the Church celebrates in her honour, and is the titular feast of all churches dedicated in her honour without any special invocation. It is the consummation ofall the other great mysteries by which her life was made wonderful; it is the birthday of)ter trite greatness and glory, and the crowning of all the virtues of herwhole life, which we admire singly in herother festivals. It is for all these gifts conferred on her that we on this day praise and thank Him who is theauthorof them, but especially for that glory with which He has crowned her. Mary surpassed all others in sanctity in proportion as she excelled then in charity. This virtue she exercised and improver) continually in her soul by the ardour with which she served Christ, both in person and in His members, the poor; by obedience to the divine law in all things; by resignation anti sacrifice of herself to God's will; by patience and meekness and prayer. But if charit y

was the perfection of her sanctity, its groundwork was humility: this was the source of her charity and of all her other virtues by drawing from Heaven those graces into her soul. And it raised her to the highest throne among the blessed, for the Assumption of Diary in glory was only the triumph ofher humility. Hereof we have the most authentic assurance: "Because He had regarded the humility of his handmaid: for behold from henceforth all generations shall call me blesed.' She was exalted above all other creatures because she was of all the most humble. Therefore did charity and every other virtue strike so deep roots in her heart, and raise their head like apalm-tree in Cades and like a cedar in Lihanus. Therefore she ascends so high because in her own rxaminatinn of herst•lf she was so lorry.

SEMINARY SUNDAY AUGUST 19th.

CELEBRATION-THROUGHOUTARCHDIOCESL

His Grace the Archbishopwishes toannouncethe followingarrangementsfor the observance of Seminary Sunday ,August 19.

Inthe Parishes.

In all parochial churches an appropriate instruction of the significanceofSeminary Sundayand the subject of Vocations to the Religious life will be given. At the conclusion of the instruction thespecialprayer,which hasbeen approved by HisGraceforuseon Seminary Sunday each year, will be. recited.

In theSchools. Priests shall arrange for aspecial Children's Mass at aconvenient time on Friday preceding Seminary Sunday. At this Mass an appropriate instruction willbe given and the prayers of the childrenrequested for an increase in vocations.

In Religious Houses. HisGrace the Archbishopgrants permission for Exposition of the BlessedSacrament throughoutthe day (or whatever portion thereof is found to be convenient) on Seminary Sunday, in the Chapels and Oratories of ReligiousHouses and Institutions.

LIVINGWITHTHECHURCH

August 12--TwelfthSunday afterPentecost (Green): Mass proper. 2nd, prayer of St. Clare. 3rd. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Trinity.

August 19—SS.Hippolytus and Cassian,Martyrs(Red): Mass "Salus autem." 1st.brayer ofthe Proper. 2nd. prayer"A cunctis." 3rd. prayerforpeace. August14—VigiloftheAssumptionof theBlessedVirgin(VIolet): Massproper. NoGloria. 2nd.prayerofSt.Eusebius. 3rd. prayerof the HolySpirit. 4th.prayerforpeace.No Creed. Common Preface.

August 15—The Assumption of the BlessedVirgin (White): Massproper. Creed. Prefaceofthe BlessedVirgin. August1"t. Joachim,Fatherof the BlesedVirgin,Confessor (White): ;Massproper. 2nd. prayerforpeace. Creed. Preface of the BlessedVirgin. August 17--St. Hyacinth, Confessor (White): Mass"Osjwti." 2nd. prayer of the OctaveoftheAssumption. 3rd.prayer of the Octave Day of St. Laurence. 4th. prayer for peace. Creed. Prefaceof the BlessedVirgin.August18—FourthDayWithintheOc. taveoftheAssumption (White): Mass of the Feast. 2nd, prayer of St. Agapitus. 3rd. prayerof the Holy Spirit. 4th. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Blessed Virgin. Just landed,new Gas Fires and Room Heaters; also Enamel Saucepans. At W.A.Stove Co., Perth.

toe •{.rc0•10006e

ARCHBISHOP'S ENGAGEMENTS.

August 19:

Receive debutantes at the Annual Catholic Ball.

August19:

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church, Wagin.

August 26: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Patrick's Churcb, Katanning.

August30:

Afternoon: Administer the Sacramentof Confirmation tochildren attending Religious Holiday School at Katanning.

August61:

Morning:Administer the Sacrament of Confirmation to children atending Religous Holiday School at Wagin.

Afternoon: Administer Sacrament of Confirmation to children atending Religious Holiday Schol at Narte. gin.

September6:

8.30 a.m.: Preside at ceremony of Reception at St. Joseph's Convent, Fremantle.

September 9: Canonical Visitation and Confirma. tion at St. Brigid's Church, West Perth.

September 12: Enrolment of members of the Holy Name Society at Boys' Town, Clon. tart.

September 21:

10 a.m.: Preside at Quarterly Con. ference of Priests of the Metropoli. tan Area, at the Chapter Hall, Vic. toria Square.

7p.m.: Administer the Sacrament of Confirmation to adults in St. Mary's Cathedral.

September 24-28: AttendSenior Priests' Retreatatthe Redemptorist Monastery, North Perth.

FeastoftheAssumption August15

HOLYDAYOFOBLIGATION.

Lunch-HourMassatCathedral.

Wednesday,August 15, theFeast of the Assumption, will be a Holy Day of Obligation.

Masses will he celebrated at the Cathedral atti, 7, S.15, 9, 10 a.m., and aspecial lunch-hourMass at 12.10 p.m.

Confessions in preparation for the Feastwill be heardin the Ca. thedral on Tuesday, 14th, inst., from 12noon to Ip.m., 4p.m. to 6p.m., and after evening devotions.

Nuns Care for 240 Lepers at Derby A Wonderful Work -

of Mercy in Our Midst

Illy STAN O'BRIEN, Derby).

flowwouldyoufeelifsomebodysuddenly said to you,"Would youlike to come outandmeetmy240blackleper friends?" That's how I felt—but I went—and an appreciation of what I saw impels me to write thesefew impressions,inanendeavourtoassistfive noble ministeringangels.'

Ourpartywasconductedthroughthe Leprosarium by the Superintendent, Mr. Ron Ross, and one of the above. mentioned five noble creatures. It is situated some 18 miles north-east of Derby, in areserve of approximately 25,000 acres. It was initiated by the W.A. Government in 1937, and its nucleus was afew huts. Under able guidance, this humble desert haven grew to its present proportions, and the addition of a120,000 Hospitalisation block, about 1942, is acredit to government interest in the stricken aboriginals of the far North. Alltoo slowly, succour, in the shape of peace of mind and advanced scientific treat• meat of the world's oldest known disease, is being brought to our black brethren.

But the above material factors in themselves were insufficient. Some. thing would have been lacking. The traditional fatalism of the Australian aboriginal, and his justified distrust of thewhiteman'sinterestinhim,hadto beovercome. Up toseven or eight years ago, the knowledge that hehad the disease onlysenthim faster and deeper into the wilderness. Someone hadtoteachhimthattreatmentwasn't melancholyconfinement,with brusque official attention. His

simple mind needed the sympathy and understanding inherent in all mankind—and he got it, and it iwas the combination of the material plus this spiritual assistance that is symbolised today in the DerbyLeprosarium.

The people who rallied to him upon the opening of the institution in 1937 werenotstrangerstothenativesofthe West Kimberleys. For years before that thev had endeared themselves to the black folk by untiring efforts on theirbehalf,andtheyweredrawnfrom acommunity of women whose life's work is the mitigation of suffering. They were fiveSisters of the Order of St Tobin of God.

Theangelsofmerevtookuppermanent residence upon the opening of the Institution, and duringour tourof the areawere able togive us not only the medical facts regarding each patient, but also brief intimate data that betnkened morethanascientificinterest.

All the inmates are natives-, white sufferers have their own Lazaretdown South. Dr. Nfusso. Medical Inspector of Aboriginals in W.A., examines suspects and diagnoses the disease during his continuousperambulations through,out the native communities in the "State, and through him they reach Derby. Dr. I. M. Roberts is thehospitalmedico,and also District Medical OfficerfortheWest Kimberleys. The Sisters do all the nursing, and the patients assist in general duties according to their adaptability andstate of health. AsbirthsoccurintheLazaret, the Sistersmust all be trained in maternity nursing, and shortly after the ychild isbornitis transferred from the mother to one of the mission stations on the Nor'-west coast, to remove it fromthedangerofcontagion. Itisin-

NOTICEOFAWEEK-END RETREAT

All LoretoPast Pupilsareinvited to attendtheweek-endRetreat,tobeheld at Loreto Convent, Swanbourne, commencing Saturday, August 25, at 7.30 p.m. Those intending to participate are requested to ring the Convent by Wednesday, August23.

avehicle,and aliberalrationof tobaccoandsweetswouldnotbe more than ajust due. But, greatest,of all, to the hospital must be made available the most modern scientific methods of treatment, plus aplentiful supply of the world's latest leprous combat drugs. Such consideration should be an indisputable charge on the nation, if our oft-repeated interest in the aboriginal is tobeother than rhetoric.

launched toprovide funds for theerection ofacottage in Derbyfor theSisters. At present if, whilst on their wayto the variousmissionstationsfor business or health reasons, they an compelled to stay in town overnight, they are billetted in various private homes. Whilstappreciatingiriskindness, the Sisters, by nature of their calling,wouldnaturallybemoreatease intheirownhabitation.

terestingtonote that thesefiveSisters belong to the onefamily. TheSuperintendent and his wife reside on the premises and attend to all administrationandgeneralmanagement.

The first department we visited was the school, and there seated at their deskswereabout30children,theirages ranging from five to sixteen. They were engaged in various handicrafts, and theirknittingwasbeingperformed with wool straight from the sheep's back, spun bythepatients themselves.

The blackboard indicated that spelling andarithmetic hadpreviouslybeen indulged in. The little five-year-old would be cured, we were told, but the tell-tale marks on her back were evidence of the necessity for lengthy, painstaking treatment. The kiddies sang for us. No lifeless dirge, but a bright folk song sweetly rendered.

Then they joined in"Gundagai" with us, and knew the words and music right through. Before leaving them we distributed sweets we had purchased in town, and their shy, wide-eyed gratitude made us feel almost uncomfortable.

Our next call was to the splendidly equipped hospitalblock, with its modern fittings. Here, in cabinets, are filed the complete historyof everypatient. Treatmentisadministeredtwice daily, and after examination the progress of each inmate is entered on his orhercard. Afteraprescribedperiod ofnegativetests,patientsare dischargedandallowedtoreturntotheoccupation of theirdesire.

We nextvisited thebed-ridden and met those patiently awaitingtheirlast big"walkabout." No pain, no worry. Theirblacknessaccentuatedagainstthe spotless white sheets and coverlets. They smiled when introduced. Sister Gertrude gave .

us abrief outline of some of their cases asshe fussed over them. We distributed cigarettes and again carried away the memory of a blackman'sunspokengratitude.

Thereisnothingtoharmthefeelings of the most sensitive visitor to this area. Nothingloathsomeoragonising. Even the worst cases have been given areason to live, and the general atmosphere demonstrates an earnest desire todoso.'

Next we toured row upon rowoforderlylaid-outvegetablegardens. Continuous supplies won from the waste land by the diligence of the lepers. Further over, the banana plantation, and adjacent the areas already being prepared for cultivation of anything that enthusiasm and energy can pro. duce. Garden plotsand tropical shrubs are slowly ousting the drab dryness of the natural covering. The sports ovalisnearlycompleted,andisalready in use. Wesawthesportsequipment, the bright coloured football jerseysfor theopposing teams, the clothing store, the sleeping huts,and other amenities of life so necessary to counteract de. pressed mentalities during the lepers' long period of treatment.

Wenext witnessedtheeveningmeal. Themales,femalesandchildren are segrated into various mess-huts. They are served cafateria fashion and eat their meals indoors seated at trestl tables in Armystyle. Movingenquir• ingly amongst them whilst they ate, they all expressed satisfaction with both qualityand quantity. Afterdistributing the remainsof the cigarettes, tobacco and biscuits we had managed to procure for them, we retired to bid farewell to our hosts of the Leprosarium.

It was explained to us that, despite the energy applied to the Institution since its inception, there is still alot tobedonefortheseunfortunates. The effortsstillfallfarshortofournational andChristiancommittments. Increased accommodation is needed for females. Radios, asmall picture show,

All Dr. Musso, Dr. Roberts, Mr. Ross, thefiveSister'sofSt.John,andthe240 patients require is the MEANS to counteract leprosy—theDerby Leprosarlumis1945isproofpositiveoftheir capacity to doso.

Before concluding this article, atribute should be paid to the people of Derby for their whole-hearted support of anything pertaining to the bettermentofthelepersandtheircontrollers. The population of the Port is about 200. Recently,underthesecretaryship of Mr. Aidan Bryan, Secretary of the Roads Board, a local appeal was

The rum of U40 has already been raised,butanotherf250isstillrequired. Generous as the people of Derby and the surroundingdistricts are,asaturationpointcanbereached in such a smallcommunity.

The merits of this appeal need as stressing. Donors will have thecomfortingknowledge that theirgenerdsily will beapplied to the welfare ofthese St. John of God Sisters—five noble womemwho have dedicatedtheirlives that their black friends will neither suffer needlessly, nor die in thedepths of despair.

The Right Wool for the Right Garment at Ahern's.

DAPHNECROCHET Wool. Approx. loz. skein,9id. 3for 1

Coupon.

GOLDEN WATTLE4Ply. Approx, loz. skein, 7d. 3 for 1

Coupon.

THISTLEDOWN Blanket Wool. Approx.2oz.skeins, 1/6i. 3for 1Coupon.

TRIPLE TWIST. Approx. loz. skein,

94 3for 1Coupon.

DOUBLE CREPE. Approx. loz. skein, 9id. 3for 1Coupon.

SUNGLO CROCHET Wool. Approx. loz. skein, 10id. 3for 1

Coupon.

SUNGLO 4Plv Wool. Approx. loz.skein,10id. 3for 1Coupon.

SUNGLO Baby Wool. Approx. loz. ball, l/-. 3for ICoupon.

WILGA Blanket Wool. Appro.c.2oz.skeins,1/5. 3for1Coupon

EXCELSIOR3and4ply Wool. Approx. 1oz. skein,9id. 3for ICoupon.

BRIAR SPORTS Wool. Approx. 2oz.skeins, 1/6. 3for2Coupons.

LADY MARIAandCAMBRIDE 13ABY Wool. Approx. loz,ball, I/li. 3forICoupon.

CAMBRIDE Blanket Wool. Approx.2oz.skeins, 1/11. 3for 1

Coupon.

EXCELSIOR CROCHET Wool. Approx. loz.skein,9id. 3for 1Coupon.

PATON'S2PlyWool.9id.skein. 3for 1Coupon.

PATON'S

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PATON'S

Navy Man Pinned Down in Tunnel Under Ocean Receives Gift of Faith

Being pinned down by asteel plate in atunnel60feet below thesurfaceof Pearl (Harbour for 73 hours is not a pleasant experience, but it had a happyending. Thosedaysofphysical darknessbroughtspirituallighttochief Petty Officer Earl Thomas Brown, of Oakland, Calif, To-day, after four months of instructions in the Faith, Chief Brown is aCatholic.

"Those weredays of prayer," he told the chaplain whom he approached for instructions. "While in that position Ithought about my family, my wife and three children, and how Ishould have gone along with them to church and encouraged them in the practice of their Faith. My last determined andconsciousact wasthat Itoowould become aCatholic. Imade apro-

If Iget out alive Iwill become aCatholic."

The accident occurred during salvage work on avessel which had ex• ploded in Pearl Harbour. ChiefBrown was tunnelling through the mud under

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80 to90 STIRLING ST., PERTH. WOOD & COALMERCHANTS.

Orders Promptly Attended To. 'Phone:B3938.

S. BEECROFT —Butcher

181 Rokeby Florid, Subiacl

Only Pnme Fresh Killed Meat Sola 'Phone'.51'473.

BUNBURY.

LAND and ESTATE AG"-NT, G. H. TEEDE.

'Phone 31 .. .. Private 267 SMITH'S BUILDINGS, W.LLLINGTON ST., BUNBURY Businesses,Farms,Hoses,Land For -

Sale.

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SUITS,

the wreck when acave-in pinned him under aheavy steel plate. Repeated efforts to extricate him and other Navy personnel pinned under the ,wreckage failed.

One of the attempts at rescue put extreme pressure on Chief Brown's body. Relating the experience he said: "Iwanted to ask them over the 'phone to get me a chaplain. I thought of the fact that Ihad never been baptised, and Ifelt the stark face of death creeping toward me. 1

1: wanted to be baptised and Imade the promise that if Igot out of this thing aliveIwouldbecomeaCatholic."

After three daysof discouraging failure, divers finally worked their way underthe pieceofsteelandbroughtup Chief Brown and a,boatswain's mate who had been crushed to death. Chief Brown still suffers from ahip injury.

"It was like purgatory," he said of his terrible experience, "and it has brought me to the heaven of the true Faith."

ALBANY.

H.C.PriorFuneralDirector

ALBANY (Established 1921).

Private Mortuary.Motor Vehicles, ChargesModerate. 'Phone 215.

Albany,Mt. Barker,Denmark and Districts,

KALGOORLIE.

J. W. SHEEHAN, PRIME BELF BUTCHER.

HANNAN ST., KALGOORLIE. MARITANA STREET. Tel.438............. Tel.438

ALEX RODOREDA

Turf Commission Agent 802 HAY STREET. AGENT FOR W.A. CHARITIES. Ring B6841 and B5236.

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Catholic 1III•••(I!%1,►!I••••••••IIII Girls' MOVEMENT

Headquarters and Club Rooms: Bank of N.S.W. Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7.10, First Floor. TELEPHONE: B4836.

•

CALENDAR OF AICTI=ES.

MONDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m.

TUESDAY:

Dressmaking: 5.30 P.M.

Physical Culture: 6.45 p.m.-7.45 p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

Literary: 8p.m. (fortnightly).

WEDNESDAY:

Choir: 8p.m.

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m.

THURSDAY:

Mass: 8a.m.

Exposition: All day.

Benediction:-5.15 p.m.

Liturgy: 8p.m.

DancingClasses: 8p.m. (fortnightly)

SATURDAY:

Kalamunda 'Busy Bee, 1.15 p.m. bus. Basket Ball.

SUNDAY: Tennisat Robertson Park, 2p.m.

• BASKET BALL.

Girls, just alittle reminder that hasbet hall for the next two weeks is as under:—

"A" Grade-4August 18, 1945.

Leerlerville v. Highgate 1, at High. gate, 3.30 p.m. S. Fitzgerald.

Maylands v. West Perth, at Highgate, 2p.m. Daphne Knox.

Highgate 2, bye

Mosmans, bye.

August 25, 1945:

IIighgate lv, lfosmans, at Highgate, 2p.m. Betty Ryan.

Highgate 2v. West Perth, at Nedlands, 3.40 p.m. Sue Price.

Leederville, bye.

Maylands, bye.

"B" Grade—August 18, 1945: Subiaco 1v. Subiaco 3, at Subiaco, 2 p.m. Pat Rule.

Fremantle Iv. Cathedral, at Nedlands, 2p.m. It. Markham.

Fremantle 2v. Midland, at Nedlands, 3.30 p.m. M. Connor.

Suhinco 2, hye.

August 25,1945:

Suhiaco 1v. Subiaco 2, atSubiaco, 3.30 p.m. Joy Baker.

Subiaco 3v. Cathedral, at Subiaco, 2p.m. Margaret flegney.

Fremantle 1v. Midland, at Nedlands, 2p.m. S: Fitzgerald.

Fremantle2,bye.

PHYSICALCULTURE.

Keep fit classes are held in the National Fitness Rooms, William-street, Perth. on Tuesdays, from 6.45 to 7.45. Afee of Is, is charged for the upkeep of shovers, etc. All interested are invited to attend. -

LITERARY GROUP.

The Literary Group meeting has been changed from every second Tues. day to every second Monday night. Nextmeeting,however,willbeonTues. day, August 11, owing to the Catholic Ball being held on the Monday. Will thosememberswhohavehadbooksout for some time please bring them along as soon as possible?

Fremantle Branch

IMPERIAL CHAMBERS, MARKET STREET,FREMANTLE.

Rooms2, 4,7. 'PhoneNo. L3968.

•

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES.

MONDAY:

Dressmaking: 7.30 to 9.30 pm.

Homecrafts:8to 9p.m.

TUESDAY:

BalletandTapDancing:8to 10p.m.

Physical Culture: 8to 10 pm.

WEDNESDAY:

Ballroom DancingClass: 8to9p.m.

Canteen Social: 8to 10.45 p.m.

(Continued foot of next colour.)

Catholic Social Gui

ld

The Formationof an Apostle. Pope Pius XI, declared, in the Encyclical Letter,"Quadragesimo Anno," that to bring back to Christ whole classes of men who have denied Him, it is necessary to train auxiliary soldiers of the Church from amongst the very ranks of these men, Catholics who understand thementality of these men and speak the same language." Undoubtedly the first and immediate apostlesof the workingmenmust them• selves be working men, while the apostles of the industrial and commercial world should themselves be employers and merchants."

Therefore the work of Catholic Action, the Christianising of the world, is to be clone systematically, by people fitted to influence the membersof their ownenvironment, the membersof their own particular class. To undertake this work they most be trained, and their training is undertaken by the Catholic Action organisation.

This organisation embraces several movements, for example, the Young Christian Workers' Movement, the Rural Movement, the National Catholic Girls' Movement. Each of these movementsseestothe formationofits own member's as Catholic Actionists. Thisformationis necessary. Toquote Pius XI. once again: "Catholic Action must consist of two things: it must have two phases, not necessarily successive ones, two divisions, ideal and moral. . A work of formation first of all: formation ofintelligence,of will, of thoughts, of sentiments, of active initiatives, oftruthfulness, and of sanctity. Catholic Action must have as its preliminary the individual sanctification of each of its members. But after this first element of formation comes the second: the distribution of this life, the action of the apostolate.'

Now it is clear that, since this formation is given in the various Catholic Action movements, it is necessary to enrol prospective apostles in these movements. Anything less is only a tinkering with the whole matter.

Nor should it be thought that the process of formation is difficult or tedi• ous:,that it requires very special qualities in those who receive it. The technique used is the fruit of much thought and much experience. It requires only goodwill from those• to whom it is applied.

The details of this technique will be described lateron. The subjectofformation is mentioned now in the hope of awakening in more of our Catholic men an interest in Catholic Action. The CatholicAction Movement formen is the catholic Social Guild.

WHEN LUCK (CALLS.

When luck calls your best identity yard is aCharities Consultation ticket. Buy one to-day in the No. 270b Concultation. First prize is 12,000.

THURSDAY:

Cooking: 7.30 to 9.30 p.m. Choir Dramatics.

SATURDAY: Basket Ball: Afternoon,2to4p.m. S COOKING.

This class is well on the way now. The next lass will commence in four or five weeks, so if you are interested, contact the office.

CANTEEN.

Girls! Why aren't you patronising theCanteenon Wednesday nights? We are overwhelmed with boys, and if you don't come along the boys will soon tire.

HOMECRAFTS.

We havejustfinished some very nice shell-work, and now we have some other ideas, so come along and join in the fun and interest on Monday night. If you want to give someone apresent,why not make something yourself to give, or, if gettingmarried, we have many novel ideaswhich you will all love.

Domestic Problems Solved:By Amer4 canBlueFlameStoves.AtW.A.Stove

Pope's Broadcast'

(Continued from Page 8.)

bitter disillusionment it would be if it .were tofail, ifsomany yearsofsuffer* ng and self-sacrifice were to be made vain, by permitting again to prevail that spirit.of o

ppression from which the world hoped to see itself at last freed once and for all.

We Will Not Lose Heart.

Poor world, to which then might be applied the words of Christ:"Its new state is become worse than that fromwhich ithaswith suchlabourextricated itself"(Luke xi.,24-25).

The present political and social situ, ation suggests these words of warning to us. Wehave had, alas, to deplore inmore thanoneregionthemurderof priests,deportationofcivilians,thekilling of citizens without trial or in per. sonal vendetta. No less sad is the news that has reached Us from Sloo- veniaand Croatia.

'But We will not lose heart. The 'speeches made by competent and responsiblemen in thecourse ofthelast few weekssnake it clear that theyare aiming at the triumph of right, not merely as apolitical goal, but even moreasamoralduty.

Accordingly. We confidently issuean ardent appeal for prayer to our sons anddaughtersof thewholeworld.May itreach allthosewhorecogniseinGod the Beloved Father of all men created to His image and likeness, to all who know that in the breast of Christ there beats aDivine Heart rich in mercy, deep and inexhaustible fountain of all good and all love, of all peaceandallreconciliation.

From the cessation of hostilities to true and genuine peace,asWewarned notlong ago, theroadwillbelongand arduous, too long for the pent-up as. piration ofmankind starving for order andcalm. But it isinevitable thatit should be so. It is even, perhaps, better thus. It is essential that the tempest of overexcited passions be first let subside:"Motos praestat componere fluctus"(Virgil, Aeneid i, 135).

Itisessential thatthe hate,thediffidence,thestimuliofanextremenationalism shouldgivewaytothe growthof wise counsels, the flowering of peace* fill designs, to serenity in the inter. change of views and to mutual brotherly comprehension.

The Holy Spirit.

May the Holy Spirit, Light of Intel, lects, Gcntle Rulerof hearts, deign to near the prayers of His Church and t"tide in theirarduous work thosewho, in accordance with their mandate, are striving sincerely despite obstaclesand contradictions toreach thegoalsouni• ver,Wly, so ardently desired: peace, a peace w

orthy of the name: a peace built and consolidated in sincerity and loyalty, in luatice and reality; apeace of local andresolute force toovercome or orechule those economic and social conditionswhichmight, as they did in the past, easily lead to new conflicts; npeace that can he approved by all right-minded men of every' people and every nation: apeace .which future generations may regard gratefully as the happy outcome of asad period; a peace that may stand out in the cen. turies as aresolute advance in the affirmation of human dignity and of ordered liberty: apeace that may be like the Magna Charta which closed `thedark agesofviolence: apeacethat under the merciful guidance of God mac let Us so pass through temporal prosperity that we may not lose eter• nil happiness tcf. Collect, Third Sunday after Pentecost).

TheBitterChalice.

Put before reaching this peace it_ still remains true that millions ofmen at their own fireside or in battle, in prison, or in exile must still drink their bitter chalice. HowWe longto see the end of theirsufferings and aguish. the realisation of their hope`. For them, too, and (or all mankind that suffers with them and in them

Randolph Knapp (W.A.O.A.).

SIGHT-TESTINGoPaosAN.

12 ATWELL ARCADE, lRZMANTLZ L1582

ANNUALRETREATS.

Arrangements have been made for both the Women'sandmen's Retreats, to beheld on September8and9. The Retreat for women will take place at the Sacred Heart Convent, Highgate, and the Retreat for men at the Redemptorist Monastery. Intending Re. treatants are requested to give their names in to their branch secretary or the general secretary as soon as possible.

District Board Visits to Branches,

During July the District Board visited St. Lawrence O'Toole's Branch, Maylands; St. Anthony's Branch, MidlandJunction,and St.Canice'sBranch, Cottesloe. Ateach branch the visiting grand officers were welcomed bysplendid meetings, and the reports showed that satisfactory progress had been made during the year. Vicits will be made W St. Malachi's Branch on 8th., St. Patrick's on 20th., and St Mary's Branch, Leederville,on August29.

St. Mary's Branch, Leederville.

At the meetingheldon1st. inst., Mr. R. Balshaw, Mrs. T. S. Seeber, Miss Mary Goerke and Masters Ron Bradbury and RonJoycewereinitiatedand welcomed. The teams representingthe Hibernian Club in the Catholic Ten. nis Association shield matches are having h

fairmeasureofsuccess. The teams are composed practically wholly ofyoungmembers, mostof whom promise to be really good platers. The President, Bro.Joe Casey, had torelinquish that office because of military duties, and Bro. Len Harris was appointed to succeed him. Bro: Gerard Boylan isbackfrom the R.A.A.F., and was given ahearty welcome. The quarterly Communion will take place on 26th. inst., and every member is expected to participate. The District Board will visit the branch of

29th. inst.

St. Canice's Branch, Cottesloe. AnnualMeetingofDistrictBoard.

A very interesting and enjoyable meeting took place in the Star of the Sea Hall, Cottesloe, on Wednesday, July 25, when the grand officers paid us their official visit.

The meeting was presider( over by Branch President Bro. J. Harvey. The attendance wasthehest forsome time, about20membersbeingpresent.

Aftertheformalbusinessoftheeven. ing was disposer( of, Bro. Harvey extended avery warm welcome to the membersoftheDistrict Board,eightof whom atenderlthemeeting. Inhisaddressof welcome, Bro. Harveyoutliner( the difficult period through which the branchhadpassed,andreportedon the loyalty of the older members, who, by their regular attendance, made it possihleforthebranchtoholditsmeetings regularly, whilst the younger members were away in the Services.

sent. Ilereferred tothebranch quarterly Communion, which is to be held on the 4th. Sunday in August.

Bro. J. Barlow, in hi's capacity as branch secretary, gave avery comprehensive report on the workings of the branch, with special reference to the membership, which showed a satisfactory increase, and to the financial side, which likewise was very satisfactory.

The Board delegatedG.V.P. Bro. D. Felton, R.G.T. Bro.T.Hynes,addG.S. Bro. J. Edwards to reply to the vote of welcome, and to outline the activities of the society. They touched on the activities of otherbranches, Social Security legislation, andall its intricicies, annual Retreat for both sexes, quarterly Communion, and the urgent need of adrive fornew members.

Avote of thanks was accorded the hoard for their attendance. They wereadvised that theprospectsforthe future were good and we hope to be able to submit an even more favour-

ablereportwhentheypayustheirnext visit.

D.B.M. Bro. W. A. Brown thanked the ladies on behalf of the Board for the tasty supperprovided.

After supper the Board challenged thebranch toagameofparlourbowls. They put in agood team, and their "science" was too good for us. We congratulate them on their win.

The branch has invited representatives of the Children of Mary, Holy :Name Society, Catholic Women's League, and thenewly formed tennisclub to join them at asocial evening on Wednesday,August8,whenthebranch will be"at home" to Fremantle, Subiaco,andShentonParkbranches.Games willbe theorder,of the night.

ANNUALRETREAT.

Theannual Retreatforladieswillbe held at Sacred Heart Convent, Highgate, onweek-end, September8and 9. Intendingretreatants pleaseringU1511 or Convent asearly as possible.

Our Catholic Schools and Colleges

Loreto Convent "Osbome" — Claremont

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Telephone: F2135. Apply— MOTHER SUPERIOR

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ST. I

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NEW NORCIA

CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS. Catholic boys recommended on thescore of character by their Parish Priest, and ready to commence atleast Sixth Standard or arrival, can be now enrolled for commencementIn February, 1986. Application should be made at once. Acceptanceduring1945isnolongerpossible.

For Particulars Apply to—THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

end to Almighty God.

Our Chiplain. Rev. Father Kelly, ioined in the welcome to the District Board, and expressed his pleasure at the large attendance of members premacOurhumbleandardent prayeras( ,

Meanwhile, Venerable Brethren, We are immense h•

comforted by the thought that you share Our anxieties, Our prayers, Our hopes; and that throughout the world Bishops, priests, and faithful are,joining their supplica. tionstoOursin thegreatchorusofthe UniversalChurch. in testimony-of Our deep gratitude andas apledgeofinfinite mercies and divine favours, with sincere affection Weimpart to you,to them, to all who join Us in desiring and working for peace,OurApostolicBenediction.,

CHFJSTIAN BROTHERS,MT. HENRY, ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A. AQUINAS COLLEGr

TELEPHONE: MU1510. FOk BOARDZRS ANDDAYSTUDENTS, BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS.

Beautifully Situated, overlooking the river, nearthenew Canning Bridge. For Particulars apply to--The Principal, AquinasCollege, CanniniParade,Mt.Heart'

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THE D.A.CALLSIT MURDER, by Erle Stanley Dardner. 1/6.

WHYGATHERMOSS? Traveland Adventure in Five Continents. By George Clune. 2/-. This soft cover edition of aformer favourite contains the author's experience in NEW GUINEA.,, CANADA . NEW YORK ... PARIS ... LONDON .. . AUSTRALIA ...MALAYA..

"OUT OFTHEDAWN." 'By F. J. Thwaites. 8/6.

"GREENMANTLE." By John Buchan. 4/--.

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"NEWCHUM."JohnMasefield.11/6.

"ALLGLORIOUS WITHIN."Bruce Marshall. 9/.-. and

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The fine volume with its genuine photographsisdedicatedtotheofficers andmenofII.M.A.S."Parramatta."

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LIBRARYSUBSCRIBERS' CATALOGUE.

Special Reference Section:

AShort historyof the Italian People. By Janet Penrose Trevelyan.

Speechesand Letters of Abraham Lincoln. By Janet Penrose Trevelyan. The WilfridWards and theTransition. ByMaisieWard.

Rome andtheCounter Reformation in England. By Philip Hughes.

Women and the Catholic Church. By Olga Hartley.

The Path of Freedom. By Michael Collins.

The Last Rally(astudy of Charles II.). By Hilaire Belloc.

Caliban In Gruh Street. By Ronald Knox.

Slingsand Arrows. By Edwin Pugh.

Fiction:

Two Forests. By PaulTabori.

The Case of the Buried Clock. By Erle Stanley Gardner.

Week-end Wodehouse.

Those Who Go Against The Current. By Shirley Seiffert.

DonJohn'sMountainHome. ByErnest Raymond.

In The Night. By Lord Gorell.

FirstLightFraser. By MauriceFrancis.

Dark Outlaw. By Frank Clune.

HangingsTooGood. By LeeThayer, Green For Danger. By Christianna Brand.

Biography:

Farewell to Fifth Avenue. By CorneliusVanderbilt, junr. The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man. ByJamesWeldonJohnson. God's -

Jester (the story of Father Michael Pro, S.J.). By Mrs. George Norman. Rossini. By H. Sutherland Edwards. Mendelssohn. 'ByW.S. Rockstio. Schumann. ByJ.A.FullerMaitland.

SPECIAL NOTICE.

Commencing from Monday, August 13, the Library will be closed for lunch hour from•11.30 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. We trust this will not incon. venience anyofour subscribers. The Librarywillopenat9.30a.m.insteadof 10 a.m.

Racing Selections

By "THE HAWK."

Saturday, August 11, 1945.

AugustaMaiden: Ditherlist, 1; Pant, 2; Dab Chick, 3. Albany Purse Handicap: St. Peter, l; Sky Warden, 2; Maddington,3. DenmarkPurse(1):Vleige,1;Dainty Lace,2; ColourPatch,3, Denmark Purse(2): Monisan, 1; .1londeen,2; Opera House, 3.

Safety BayHandicap: FlyingFay,1; Sir Agrion,2; Bravilo, 3.

Naval Base Welter (2): Braal, 1; OurConnie,2; Sanease,3.

Naval Base Welter(1): Lapislazuli, 1: Sava,2; Vleige, 3.

PERTH FISHERIES

449 WELLINGTON ST., PERTH FISH AND POULTRY SUPPLIED. Wholesale and Retail.

Phone: B5992. City Deliveries. Country Orden Catered For.

+ .DEATHS

►T.

MINIIIAN.—On July 23, 1945, at St. John ofGodHospital, Subiaco,John J., sincere friend of Mr. and Mrs. M. Ross. Immaculate Heart of Mary, thy prayersfor himextol.

Sacred heart of Jesus, have mercy on his soul.

►F+ INMEMORIAM ►F+

On Service.

HALEY.—In sad and loving memory of John Lawrence (A.I.F.), Mullewa, killed inactionin New Guinea,Auk ust 12, 1943.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy onhissoul.

KELLY.—Insad and loving memory of my dear husband (Jim), and our dearfather,whodeparted thislifeon August 11, 1943. R.I.P.

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercyonhissoul.

—Inserted by his loving wife and children, Mary, Neil, Kathleen and Jane.

DOWRY.—In lovingmemory of John, who passed away August 15, 1941. R.I.P.

—Inserted by his loving wife and children, mother,sisters and brothers.

WANTED.

Wantedcapablewoman (45),tokeep house foradult family; good home. Apply A. Z., this office.

BIRTH.

O'DWYER.—At St. JohnofGodHospital, Geraldton, onJuly 25, 1945, to Mr. and Mrs. F. J. O'Dwyer, School House, Walkaway—adaughter(CarmelLoretoAnn). Both well. Sin• cere thankstoDr.A.T. Watsonand Sisters ofSt.John ofGod.

FluePipesforStoves,Bath Heaters, Rod Paving and Green House Paints. Hassell's,559WellingtonStreet,

Why the Germans Didn't Revolt

(By REV. JAMES M.GILLIS, C.S.P.,Editorof"TheCatholicWorld.")

Many people who cannot understandhowtheGerman people could ever haveput theirneck in Hitler's noosewould do well to lookinto Max Jordan's"BeyondAll Fronts," recently issued

dy the Bruce Publishing Cosa. pany, U8)A. Mr. Jordan enjoys the advantage of knowing the German mentality and the American equally well andof being thoroughly at home inbothlanguages. Hehas awideanddeepEuropeanbackground. Heoc• cupied for years aposition in Germanywhichgavphimcloseaccessto the bestsourcesofinformation. Hehasproduced in consequence abook that is not only readable, chatty, conversational, full of illuminating anecdotes but that is at the same time reliable.

Abject Docility,

Speaking of the hypocrisies and insinceritiesnecessary toone who would keep his job in the Hitler regime(in this instance ajob in radio, Mr. Jordan's field), he asked"one of the old timers,""how do you stand it?" "I don't stand it,Iendureit," he answered. "Ihave five children below their teens and my wife is ill. If Iquit I cannotfindanotherjob. It'scruelbut Ihavenochoice." Thechiefengineer in that same broadcasting house, a Jew had been discharged and he and his wife were presently gassed. The administrative heads—non-Jews—"executives of unimpeachable moral character, were taken to concentration camps and treated like common criminals," Multiply those incidents a milliontimesandyoumayhavealight upon the problem which we say we simply cannot understand—the problem of the abject docilityof the Ger. man people undertyranny.

Officersin thearmywere inan even more difficult predicament. Since reading Mr. Jordan'sbook Ihave happened upon an anecdote in a daily paperabout oneof Germany's real heroes. It was related that this soldier, while having adiamond studded Knight, Cross placed upon him by Hitler, was told by the Fuehrer:"Ask anything you want! Iwill grant it"' The hero, taking Hitler at his word. asked him to ease the pressure on the CatholicChurch. Hitlerturned onhis heel and ten minutes later the hero was executed.

Ministers Were Helpless. Ministersofreligionalsowerecaught in the toils. "What could we do," said aleader in Stuttgart:"Close the churches? That's just what the Nazis would like to see usdo. Undergo ar. rest? Many of us did. One by one our ministers were taken away, hun. dreds of them, always under acloak of silence. With our Press muzzled we were helpless."

Here, safe and sound and comfortable,itiseasyforustoask"whydidn't they all, clergy and laity, stand forth, rlefv the tyrant and die like the martvrs?" As nmatter of fact they did —great numbers of them. But it is one thing to be martyred oneself and quiteanothertobringmartyrdomanon one's wife and children. find what would it have advantaged aminister, or still more apriest, to he killer) or to gooff to aconcentration camp and leave his flock without ashepherd?

if therehad been alwaysaclear case of affirming or denying the facts, the moral obligation would have been obvious. But the Nazileaderswere careAd to iniect into their speeches now and again such sentences as that of Hitler:"Christian churches are most important factor's(in the life of the tate) and Christianity is the immovablefoundation ofthemoral lifeof the people."

Another dodge constantly used was to cry"politics," when apreacher was only presenting the truths of the Gospel and the teachings of the natural law. Toadictatorial government thedefinitionof"politics"includesany. thing and everything that might h, construed correctly or incorrectly, as ritickin of the admini,tration. We should not find it impossible tounderstand that fact. Something like it happens even here in the land of free speech.

Nazi Leaders Skilful. Liars.

Buthowdid theGermanpeople allow themselves to he fooled in the first place? Why could they not see that theyweregettingmoreandmoredeep1v involved in tyranny and brutality? The answer may be in part that the Nazi leader's were, when it pleased them,plausible,andthatthevliedwith considerableskill. Infact,theyfooled

hearses adozen or ascore of English andAmericantestimoniestothemerits of Hitler and Hitlerism in the years between 1933 and 1940. If he had cared to do so, he could have-assembled thousands of such wrong guesses. And ifhe had permitted himself more timetospeakofMussoliniandFascism hecouldhaveproducedalargevolume of fulsome flattery of the Duce by Americans and Englishmen.

So Ithink we had better be wary about damning the Germans for their blunders. It may be that we ourselvesare making asimilarblunder even nowingoingoverboardforSoviet Russia. PerhapsStalin ispullingthe wool over our eyes as Hitler did over the eyesof theGerman people. The Ger. mans were dupes. And so were the Italians. But there is no certainty that we are above beinghoodwinked. all Europe for years. MaxJordan re-

Zbird OrderofSr. Trancis

The Franciscan Social Club, which exists under the auspices of the Third Orderof St. Francis,gave itsthirdannual social on July24 in the rooms of the Women's Service Guilds, in Cecil Building. The President received the guests,and gave averycordialandinspiring, though brief, address explaining the ideals of the Club. The Secretary called for greetings from representatives of the various organisations present, which were given most pleasantly and spontaneously, showing great friendship and coriality. The Mayoress(Mrs.Meagher) andMissDorothy Tangney sent regret for their absence, and Mrs. Cardel-Oliver spoke very kindly on the help she so often received from Catholicsin herpolitical work. Mrs. Pratt, Presidentofthe NationalCouncilofWomen.alsomention. ed her appreciation of help from Catholic members of her organisation.

Avery agreeable musicalprogramme gave great pleasure, and a dainty afternoon tea and fluent conversation from all present, which included members of the Catholic Women's League, and representatives of the Anglican, Alethodist, Seekers' Centre, and other denominations,concludedamostagreeable and instructivemeeting ofwomen anxious to form and continueafriendIv association for the betterment of a sari world. In this wish we all join in St. Francis' prayer for Peace, given by the President of the Franciscan Clubasagreetingtoall presentat the social:

APRAYER FOR PEACE AMONG NATIONS (AND PEACEAMONG MEN.

MayweallofferthisPrayer,attributed toSt. FrancisofAssist.

Lord, make me an instrument of Thy Peace—

Where there is hatred

... let me sow love.

Where there is injury . pardon.

Wherethereisdoubt

... faith.

Where there is despair

Where there is darkness

Where there is sadness

... hope.

... light.

...joy.

Oh! Divine Master, grant that Imay not so much seek—

To he consoled , as to console.

Tobeunderstood

... astounderstand. Tobeloved

... as to love.

For—

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Smile a

"Youmustbe more polite to people," said the shopkeeper to his new assistant. "That lady who has just gone out is one of our most faithful askers."

Two American soldiers were watching ashow in asmall town. Attracted by ared-haired girl in the chorus, one said:"Gee, oh boy! I'd give five poundsfor alock of that girl's hair!"

"Give me your money," whispered his companion. With the money in his hand he left the seat, making his way to the stage door.

Returning some minutes later, he thrust something into his friend's hand and said:"You got abargain, Johnny, she let me have the whole wig for the five pounds."

Everything about the R.A.F. station was interesting to the visitor and he asked anever-ending stream of questions.

"Say," he exclaimed, "how is it that you have so many Scotsmen among your pilots?"

The guide, abit fed up, snatched at the opportunity.

"Well, sir," he said,"since the Scots have learned that every cloud has a silver lining we can't keep 'em out."

Aman dashed into the fire-station. He was very excited, and burst out with: "I'm sorry to interrupt, but my wife has disappeared again."

One of thefiremen looked up.

'?chat's too IJad,"be sympathised,, "but.why tell us? Why not notify the police?"

The intruder shook his head.

"I dare not tell the police," he explained. "Itold them the last time she disappeared—and they went out and found her!"

• #

Acar driver pulled up smartly outside afilling station.

"Let me have three gallons of petrol quickly, before the row starts," he shouted.

"Very good, sir;" answered the attendant, inserting the nozzle of the pipe into his petrol tank.

"By the way, sir," queried the garye man, as he replaced the filler cap, "what is the row going to be about?"

"I haven't any coupons," replied the driver.

Pat got on the rear of a crowded street car and was obliged to steady himselfagainst the door.

"Move up!" shouted the conductor atevery street as morepassengers were taken on. Pat moved up astep each time, but at the next stop he got mad and he yelled hack at the conductor:

"I paid to ride. Do you expect me towalk all the wayhome?"

Acity youngster in the country for the first time rushed to his mother and said;"I've seen aman who makes horses. Ile had one nearly finished when Isaw him. He was just nailing on its back feet."

"Ali!" said the manager, "I'm glad to notice that you are arriving puns• tually now „

"Yes, sir. I've bought aparrot"

"A parrot? What on earth for? I told you to get an alarm clock."

"Yes, Idid. But after aday or two Igot used to it and it didn't wake me. So Igot aparrot. And now, when Igo to bed Ifix the alarm clock and put the parrot rage on top of it. What the bird says when the alarm goes off would make up anyone."

Prison Visitor: "Am Iright in presuming it was your passion for strong drink that brought you here?"

Prisoner: "Idon't think you can know this place, guv'nor. It's the last place on earth I'd come to if I was looking for adrink."

Jack: "Will your wife hit the ceiling when you come home at this hour?"

Jim: "Probably. She's a rotten shot."

Rile

Brown was before the judge for having killed his wife.

Judge: "You maintain that you threw your wife out of the tenth floor window through forgetfulness?" '

Brown: "Yes; we used to liveon the ground floor, and I'd clean forgotten we'd moved!"

*

* • •

"What's this stuff called steel-wool?"

"I think it's the fleece of hydraulic rams."

Manager (to applicant for salesman's post):"Do you know the motto of this firm?"

Applicant: Yes, it's push."

Manager: "Whatever gate you that idea?"

Applicant:"I saw it on the doorasI camein."

•

* *

Smethers: "I've just bought another second-hand car; it simply passes belief."

Sarcastic Friend: "That's about all it will ever pass."

The indignant housewife got on the telephone to complain to her grocer' about late delivery. ,After aviolent tirade, she added: "And the next order Igive you will be the last you'll get from me." To thisdireful threat came the frigid reply: "It probably will, madam, for you're on the wrong num. ber. I'm an undertaker." # *

An enthusiastic church-worker called at acottage where the occupants were slack in the matter of church attendanee.

To her delight she was asked if she could supply the iwife with acertain church magazine. As she did not have one with her she trudged a considerable distance to get acopy, finally arriving back breathlessly at the cottage with the magazine.

"Oh, thank you so much!" gushed the woman. "You see, Jock wants to do abit of poaching to-night, and he wants to know when the moon is up."

Roland went into ashop acouple of days ago and said:"Iwant to buy a collar for my father."

"What style?"

"Well^--"

"One like mine, sonny?"

"No. Iwantaclean one."

"So you have a stenographer at last," said the first lawyer.

"Yes," replied the second attorney, "and she's the most willing worker I ever had."

"Can she spell? Does she know legal terminology? Is she good on taking shorthand notes?"

"No. in fact, she just doesn't do any of those things well. But she does all the errands my wife tells me to do while she's gone for lunch and never complains at all."

# # * •

Mrs. Jones, who was rather deaf, sat in the drawing-room reading abook.

Presently the door of the roomopened, and ayoung girl, followed by her attractive partner from the room where progressive whist had been played, burst in upon her.

"Oh, mother," cried the girl excitedly,"I've just captured the booby."

Mrs. Jones looked up and smiled.

"Well, well," she murmured, "come here and kissme, both ofyou."

At asuburban grocery store alady, when handed some change, was overpaid sixpence by the assistant manager. The following day she returned, handed back the sixpence, and explained the mistake. "Thank you, madam,"replied the assistant manager, "I realised my mistake as soon as you had gone." The customer departed; whereupon the assistant added to a friend in the shop,"All the same, I'm sorryshebroughtitback." "Why so?" asked the friend in surprise. "Welt," was the rueful confession,"peoplehardly ever do, and Ibet the manager a shilling she wouldn't."

Dear Cornerites,—My Corner this week is

anice mixture of letters from new members and old Cornerites. That's how Ilike it best. The new members show that the Corner is spreading, and there are more and more every day who wanttohelp the Bushies. The other letters show me that the oldCornerites haven'tforgotten us, and that is areal comfort to know that. Ihope that may be the +case every week.

AUNT BESSY.

State School, Walkaway.

Dear Aunt Bessy.—I saw in the paper where you are looking for new nieces and nephews for your Corner. Ithought Iwould write to you, as I would like to be one of your nieces. We had abig flood and we couldn't go to school for aweek. It has not dried up yet, but we cango to school asitisonlyafootdeepinsomeplaces, and in other places it is afoot and a half deep. Iwill be eleven on September22, butIam onlyten now. It will be Helen Logue`s.birthday on September 20. I,was at Pat Cockburn's party on Tuesday, and Jill Osborne was also there. We walk a mile and ahalf to school every morning, but Dorcasand Jack Logue have two miles to walk, while the town childrenhaveonly halfamile towalk. We have agarden at home and it is comingonwell. Iambringingplants to school to put in my garden. Betty and Bill have also got agarden at school. Iam in fourth standard now and hope Ipass into fifth class next year. My best subjects are singing, spellingand tables.—Yourloving niece, MARYSMYTH.

Dear Mary,—Jill told me about the flood, Did you see in the papers where,we have been having big floods down here? But Idon't think any of the-children got a holiday from school. What are you growing in your garden, Mary? Iam trying to grow some sweetpeas, and Ihad visions of six-foot plants with beautiful big blooms when Iplanted them. AV'ell, they're only about two feet high yet ; and thevhave already begun -

toflower —and the flowers are very small and weedy. I'm sodisappointed. Thope pour garden is better behaved than that. AUNT BESSY. * * *

Walkaway.

Dear Aunt I:essy,—I saw were you were looking for somemore nieces and nephews for pour Corner in"The Record." [ thought Iwould help by writing and asking would you send me aprick card. Iam ten yearsold and in fourth class. The best subjects inschoolaresinging,readinganddrawing. Our teacherhas read fourbooks this vear; they are"Tom Sawyer;'"A Basket of Flowers;' "Behind' the Hills." and "Ilnmer's Tales of Odysseus." We have half amile to go to school. Ihave two brothers. We have three bicycles, but only two of them are in order. Ilearnmusic and flike it very much. Mrs. Neagh givesmelessonstwiceaweek. Ihave learnt25pieces. We had aflood out of all that rain and we got aweek's holiday. We have three cows and four calves, and we make alot of butter. We have three cats and one little lamb. My motherkeeps ashop and dad is abuilding contractor. My elder brother is twelve and in sixth standard, and my younger brother is seven and in first class. Iwill look oryardformyletterin"The Record."

Lemonade Bottle

ACKNOWLEDGED WITHTHANKS. £ s. d.

Old Faithful 200

Rosemary and Patricia Fowler 10 0

Millie Andrich 50

MaryLanigan.. 50

Mrs. Kenny .. .. .. .. .. .. 50

Veronica Donovan .. .. .. .. 2 6

Cheerio for the present.—Your loving niece, JILLOSBORNE.

Dear

Jill,—What did you do with your week's holiday while the flood wasson? Iexpectyoumadethebest of the holiday and had agood time. Youmade me quite enviousby telling me about all your butter. With the rationing it doesn't go far these days.

(low did you likethe four books your teacherhasread toyou. Ihaveonly read the firstand last you mentioned, but Ithought they were very good.

AUNT BESSY. * * * *

The Island, Walkaway.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I saw in the paperwhereyouwerelookingforsome more niecesand nephews for yourcircle, so Ithought Iwould write to you, because Iwould like to become one of-your nieces. Will you please ,end me aprick card? Iam eleven now. Ihave alittle brother and a big sister, called Hellen; she will be sixteen on September20, and my brother will be seven next month. I liveonthefarmandlikeitverymuch. Ilike riding horses and doing garden work. My sister Hellen got thrown off one of the horses last Saturday week and had to go to hospital: she was in there for aweek, but ishome againnow. Shehastogobacktothe doctor on Friday. Ihave to walk two miles to school, but soon we will be able to ride our bikes. Not long ago we used to ride ahorse to school. Well, Aunt Bessy, Ihad better close now, but Ihope for hear from you soon.—Your loving niece,

DORCAS LOGUE.

Dear Dorcas,—I'd love to have you asanew niece,and Ihopeyou'llwrite meeversomany letters. Iwassorry to hear that Hellen had an accident with one of the horses. Ihope she is quite recovered now. Goodness, two miles is along way to walk to school. But it must be nice walking in thecountry at thistime oftheyear when all the flowers are beginning to come out. But your bikes will be welcome in the summer time.

AUNT BESSY.

Forrest-street, Kellerberrin.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am enclosing the completed prick card with postal note for2/6. Would you please send me another, andIhopetofill it much quicker. The weather up here was not half as bad as it was down there, iudging

ry the paper. None of the houses have hen flooded down here, but the roads are pretty bad. Just about every day last month we came home with hats full' ,

of mushrooms forourtea,butthismonthitstadpoles and frogs we are after. We have a hug deep hole in the back yard with afew• weeds in it for them. The flowersare allcomingout nowandare aprettysight, "Going My Way" has been Over in Queensland lately, and Daddv liked it so much that he went twicetoseeit. Ile told ustobesure to go and see it. Good-bye for now, and may God bless you. Love from MARGARET DONOVAN.

DearMargaret,—You wereluckyyou didn't have bad floods in Kellerberrin too. We are still getting over"the deluge" down here. Have youcaught many tadpoles vet? Alittle friend of mine caught some and put them in apond in hergarden, and when they turned into frogstheykept herawake every night with their croaking. I hope yours are more considerate. AUNT BESSY. * * * *

Forrest-street, Kellerberrin.

would like you to send me another prick card.—Your loving niece, VERONICA DONOVAN.

Dear Veronica,—Iwas beginning to think that Kellerberrin had forgotten me. I'm so glad to see it hasn't. Thank you for filling the card forme. Anotheroneisonthemay. Wereyou inthe concert,too,Veronica? Ihope it won't be very long before Uncle Martcomeshomeagain. Hehasbeen very fortunate, hasn't he?

AUNT BESSY.

13 Stirling-street, Bunbury.

DearAuntBessy,—Ihavebeenreading your letters from your niece'sand nephews, and they are very interesting. This is the first letter Ihave written to you and Ihope you will enjoy it. Iam in Third Standard, and will soon be nine years old. I learn music. We are going to have aCatechism exam. soon and Ihope I pass. Will you send meaprickcard, please? Lovefromyournephew.

RICHARD FLYNN.

Dear Richard,—I'm so pleased you lik8readingtheCorner. Ihopeyou'll write to it often. When'syourbirthday, Richard? Nine is agrand age to be. There are alot of people in the world to-day who wish theycould be nine again. How did the Catechism exam. go?

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy—Enclosed please find July and August contributions to the L.B. Will you please say a prayer for aspecial intention?

OLD FAITHFUL.

Dear Old Faithful,—Not amonth goesbybut your pound comes in. I have thanked you so many times now that Ican hardly find anything new to say, but you know how grateful I amall thesame. May yourintention be granted.

AUNT BESSY.

* * * *

PostOffice, NewNorcia.

Dear Aunt Bessy;—As I haven't written for so long, Iam writing now and enclosing five'shillings for the Bushies. We've hadalotofrainthis rear, haven't we? Ithink everyone has had plenty. Laurel is away on holidays at present, and she is having avery nice time. She will send her prick card in as soon as she comes back. We go back to school on the 26th. Ithink Itold you that Iwas doing my junior this year, so Ihope you will say some prayers for my success. Anne Marie and Veronica are inPerth atpresent. Anne hadto have eleven teeth out. The rain has made the country beautiful around here. Isuppose it has done so right through the country. Inoticed that you had alot of new members last week. Ihope the old ones are not letting you down. Well, Aunt Bessy, Ihope you are well and happy as everyone here. Lots of love.—Your loving niece, MARY LANIGAN.

Dear Mary.—Your writing has becomeso grown-upsince you last wrote that Talmost failed to recognise it. Yes,isn'tit nice to have somany new members, and I'm pleased to say the old ones'aren't neglecting me either. Poor Ann. having to have so many teeth out. Ifeelverysympathetictowardsher. Ihope the fairiesmade it worth her while. It's not so long until juniornow,Mary. I'llbethinking ofyouinNovember, soworkhard. AUNTBESSY. * *

-3 NewBond-street,MidlandJunction

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Well, here we are with another day of grey Skies. Like you, Aunt Bessy, Ido not like the wet weather. However, looking out throughourschooldoor, Icansee the wattle tree just coming out in bloom, and that means the sunshine will soon be back again to stay. I supposeitwillnotbe very longbefore we will have to much sunshine. Aunt Bessy, instead of sending me apen. friend's address you sent me another prick card. Ihave filled it and am sendingitbackwiththemoney.Please may Ihave the address this time?— Your loving niece,

MILLIE ANDRICH, Dear Millie,—I've got two of your letters here toanswer, andImust begin by apologising about the pen friend. My only excuse must be the amountof work I'mdoing lately, Millie. You'd be surprised if you saw what Ihave before me waiting to be done. Imust be like everyone else these days—over-working! How nice to have anew baby in the family. When little Roy grows bigger, Ihope he'llwrite to me, too. Isuppose I'll have towait awhile though. won'tI?

AUNT BESSY.

St. Joseph's College, Fremantle, Dear Aunt Bessy,—As this is my first letter to you, Ihope you find itveryinteresting. Ihaveoftenread in"The Record" the letters from your nieces and nephews. Iamaboarder at St. Joseph's College,, Fremantle. Thereare at47boarders,,theyoungest beingfive and the oldest sixteen years old. Icame to this College withmy sister two weeks ago from Northam. There are seven children in our fam• ily, four boys and three girls. My motherdiedonJune26last. Willyou please sayaprayer for her? As my brothers,were at the war, my sister, Maureen, and Icame here to board. Maureen is ten years old and Iam thirteen. One of my brothers wbo hadbeenapriosnerofwarinGermany' for the past four year's, has been repatriated to England by the,Americans,and arrived in Australia last Saturdayweek. Itwasagreatjoyto see him, because he went away with the first convoy,nearlyfiveyears ago. Isuppose you have many little nieces and nephews that have brothers or fathers or some relative who have been prisoners of war. Ihave two aunties who are Sisters of the Good Shepherd, but they are in different Convents in the Eastern Std.es. Well, Iwill close this letter now. With much love and affection.—Iremain your loving niece,

DOROTHY BENNETT.

Dear Dorothy,—I'm so glad you wrote. Iwasverysadtohearofyour mother's death. She-will be remembered in our prayers. Ihorre Maureen and you will be very happy at St. Joseph's. It is a lovely school, and Ihave many little nieces there. Whatajoy'it must have been to welcome your brother home after such along time. Ile must have noticed avery greatchange in you.

AUNT BESSY.

* * Merredin.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Thank you very much for the five prick cards. Iam enclosing four but keeping4

lthe other one. Ido notwant anvmore untilI have filled this one. Iam also enclosing ten shillings for the prick cards. Wearegoingtofillsomemore after this. Ihope you receive this letter and money alright, and wish youand the Bushieseverysuccess.

ROSEMARY and PATRICIA FOWLER.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am sending you back my prick card with the postal note for 2/6. We are expecting our Uncle Mart home and hope the day is not far off,but he has not yet left England. Ile is the only member ofthecrew whohas yet returned to safety. We have aschool library, and Iget two books aweek. We had aconcert last Fridav week in honourof the Pope'sfeastday. Jimmy was in it and he quite enjoyed it. I

Dear Aunt Bessy,—T am returning my second prick card with themoney. As you say, Aunt Bessy, they are not hard to fill. The floods are nearly over now, aren't they? Although we have had some more rain thelast two or three days,and Idid notlikeit. I hope you have received my lastletter safely. We have anew baby named Roy; that means there are eight chit dreninourfamily. Good-byefornow. —Your loving niece, MILLTE ANDRICH.

Dear Rosemary-and Patricia,—You twoaresoquickatfillingincardsthat Ithink you must put all your spare time into it. How fortunate the Bushies are to have two Cornerites like yourselves working so hard for them. Thanks everso muchfor the IDs.

AUNT BESSY.

Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Heaters. Stocks of Paints,Varnish,Caleomine, Hassell's Stores,Perth,.. BM. .

e e e

"Bravest Klan IEver Saw"

Father O'Callahan, Jesuit professor, Chaplain on the U.S. aircraft carrier Franklin, has been recommended for theCongressionalMedal.

In one of America's most brilliant sagas of the sea—the homecoming of the crippledU.S.aircraftcarrierFranklin—abespectacledandbeloved40-yearold Jesuit Priest has been acclaimed one of the nation'soutstanding heroes.

Rites to the dying, and then led officersand men into the flames,carrying hot bombs and shells to the deck for jettisoning, inspiring everyone about him.

"Father O'Callahan personally recruited adamage-control party and led it intoone of the mainammunitionmagazines to wet it down and prevent its exploding. One of the carrier's senior officers pointed out that the Priest had risked his life on at least 10 occasions, andcalled him'the bravestman Iever saw.

"'

He is Lieut.-Comdr, Joseph Timothy O'Callahan, who served

as Chaplain aboard the carrier. In peace time, Father O'Callahan was a teacher of mathematics. Andnow,the:NavyDepartment states that Capt. Leslie E. Gehres,of the carrierFranklin,hasdescribed Father O'Callahan as "the bravestmanIeversaw."

The 27,000-ton ship was operating ,

with the fast carrier task force on March 19against remnants of theJapanesefleetin theInland Sea,theNavy Department reports. Many of her planes were on deck, loaded with bombs, rockets and machine-gun am. munition. With lightning suddenness aJapanese dive-domber whizzed down on the ship and released two armourpiercing500-poundbombs, One struck beneath the flight deck, the other explodedonthehangardeck,andinboth these locations the readied planes had beenwaiting to take off.

The enemy plane was shot down by pursuing fighters, but the bomb hits had started offatrainof fires and explosions. Duringthe next 10hoursalmost 100 tons of explosives and thousands of gallons of aviation gasoline were fired and shook the carrier. The Navy Department said that311 of the crew,lost their lives oil the blazing ship; 431 others are missing,and more than 300;sere wounded.

"One of the persons eminently responsible for organising the fire-fighters," the Department's report states, "was the ship's Catholic Chaplain, Lieut.-Comdr. Joseph O'Callahan, S.J., of Boston. The]can, scholarly Jesuit rushed about the horribly exposed slantingflightdeck, administeringLast

FatherO'Callahan'sheroismhasbeen acclaimedby the press throughout the nation. He told amodest but grippingstoryofhisexperiencesaboardthe Stricken carrier on anation-wide'radio programme.

Through almost superhuman efforts, themembersofthecrewbattledflames and explosionsto savetheship. Other ships had come tothe rescue and had taken aboard some men. On March 21 the crippled Franklin re-embarked about300ofhermen from otherships, refused anoffer ofadditional men and equipment, and started offon the long 12,000-mile voyage home.

TheJapaneseboasted that the Franklin had been sunk, but the hero-laden carrier made it across the Pacific and all the way to the Brooklyn. Navy Yard, making necessary repairs en route. The carrier was described as the most damaged vessel evertocome into the BrooklynYard under its own power.

Father O'Callahan was horn on May 14, 1905), the son of the late Cornelius T. O'Callahan and Mrs. Alice E. O'Callahan. His mother resides in Cam. bridge, Mass. Ile entered the Sncict%of Jesus afaer graduating from Boston College Pieparator• School. Fmm 1929 until 1937he taughtmathematics, philosoph y

and physics at Boston College, and later served at Georgetown, Universitv and at Weston College, Weston, Mass. He was head of the, mathematicsdepartmentat HolyCross College when he entered the Navv. Ile was aboard the U.S S,

Ranger before serving nn the Franklin,andashore he hasserved at theNaval air stations in Pearl Harbour and at Alameda, Calif. He participated in the three-dnv amphibious conquest of French Morocco, and in October, 1013, he was in araid on German shipping in Norwegian ,waters.

Father O'Callahan is abrother of Sistcr Rosc Marie, of the Mnrvknoll Cornmunitv,'whoserved 15garsin the Philippines. She was among Ameri. cans liberated from the Los Banng prison carnp last February,

TEL.: B7098. 40

—

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