The Record Newspaper 01 August 1945

National Movement for Young Men Launched in Archdiocese

stinted

Enthusiastic Beginnings in City Parishes.

National Secretary, Frank McCann, Conducts Initial Training School For Leaders...

Withthe wholeheartedsupport of the Archbishop andClergy,the Young Christian Workers' Movement for boys has been launched in the Archdiocese. At the invitation of His Grace, the National Secretary recentlyvisited Perth,and asaresultof his advice and assistance, the initial crganisationoftheMovementisnowwell under way. An opportunity was giventheparochialclergyandpotential leaders from the various parishes to meetMr.McCann,andwhilsthewasinPerthaTrainingSchoolforfutureleadersoftheY.C.W,washeldattheChristianBrothers'College, St. George'sTerrace.

ThefollowingPriests'Committeemas been appointed by the Archbishop tofosterthe growthof theMovement throughout the Archdiocese: Rev. Father Lalor (Diocesan Chaplain), Rev. Dr.Sullivan (Assistant Chaplain), rev.Fathers Kearin,J.Lynch,Carolan, McQuinn,O.M.I., Depiazzi, H. Brennan, andShannon. InduecourseaPrevisional Diocesan Executive will be appointed from amongst theleaders of theMovementinthevariousbranches.

.)beady astart has been made in several parishes, and within another month orsoitis expected thatthe following willhave formed their leaders' grooms: Ilighgate iwhere asection has been inexistence forsome time),Subiaco, Fremantle, Victoria Park, Midland Junction, Maylands, Queens Park, Claremont, and Cathedral.

The YoungChristian Workers' Movement,known throughout English-speaking countries as the Y- 0

W., is not merely anational Youth Movement, it isworldwide,heingestablishedinfortyfour different countries. here in Aus. traliainlessthan three yearsthemem. bership of the Y.0W. is now heading for the 10,(X)(1. Nearly every diocese in theCommonwealth has adopted this Movernent, which the Ilierarchy wish to be regarded as

the only official national Catholic Action organisation for youngmenfrom IIto ^

_.iyearsofage.

The Y.C.W, is the J.O.C. (Jeunesse Otivriere Chretiennc), in its English guise. It sets out to forge a new

76Men'

vnuth,aChristianyouth,tobuildanew Australia. It isamassmovement,issuingachallengethathasbeenenthusiastically taken up: it is the organisa. tion we have all been looking for to rater for every aspect of development fnnn boyhood to manhood. It is a uniqueformofCatholicActionthathas been perfected through the experience ofovertwentyyearsoftrials,set-backs, and misunderstandings oil the one hand, and of undreamed-of staggering sit,cesses on the other.

AsvetthelobliesaheadoftheMovement here in Australia, butthere is no doubtas tothesuccess thatwillcrown its efforts if the universal experience is anv indication. It remains for its foundationmembersinthis.archdiocese to master the technique and to catch theconqueringspiritoftheY.C.W.,and the hopes of the Bishops and of Catholic parents will most certainly lc realised.

It is confidently expected that our Catholic parents will give their un-

Under the 'Patronatge of His Grace theArchbishop.

Through the courtesy of.the Christian Brothers, the College in St. George's Terrace was made available for the School, which was conducted by the National Secretary, Frank Me. Cann, on Sunday.July 15.

Diving thedayfourtalksweregiven andafter eachofthese the leaderspresent were divided into discussion groups for ashortperiod and then reassembled for general discussion. The title'sof the talks were:

"The Problem—the Answer."

"The Gospel Meditation."

"The General Enquiry."

"Our Work and the Future."

After the talk on theGospel Jleditation apractical demonstration of this feature of the training•was given by the Ilighgate hillleaders'section,with their Chaplain, Father TI. Brennan.

During the morning Ilis Grace the Archbishop paid awelcome visit and addressed theassembled youngleaders.

His Grace theArchbishop said that he was delighted that so many boys hadcometotheTrainingSchool. He exhorted them to make the most of thesplendidopportunitythatwasprovidedfor them. Theywereprivileged to be pioneers of the Movement in the State,and he felt confident that they would lay firm andlasting foundations. Future generations ofyouth would be grateful to them for their noble part in establishing the Y.C.W. They would go back to their parishes and spread their enthusiasm in the cause of theMovement. He felt confident that theY.C.W, would fulfilthe high hopes that he entertained regardingit, His Grace also thanked the Parish Priests and their Assistants,who are doingeverythingin theirpower to enecurage the Y.C.W. With such cooperation andencouragement from the Priests,he was confident that the

YouthMovement intheDiocesewould be an unqualified success.

Hewas deeplygratefultoMr.Frank McCann,whohad cometohelpinthe establishment of the Y.C.W. Mr, MoCann had done splendid work during the few days that he had been here. His Grace assured him of his own appreciation, of that of the Priests,andofthatoftheyouthwhom he had cometo help. After the last talk in the afternoon someY.C.W,filmswerescreened,showing details of the Annual Youth Rallies and other activities of the Youth Movement in Melbourne.

At the end of the day the Training SchoolwasbroughttoaclosewithPontifical Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament given by His Grace the Archbishop, assisted by Rev. Fathers Raffertv and O'Farrell.

The attendance of prospective leaders at this Training School, and the enthusiasm displayed by them, more than jrtstified the decision to hold it, and more than fulfilled the hopes of itsorganisers. Overninety voung Catholicmen from the various Metropolitan parishes attended, and took part in the discussions, and all were fired with enthusiasm for the establishment of the Y.C.W. Movement in the Archdiocese. The School was an excel• lent beginnings. The visit of His Grace the Archbishop and his words of encouragement to the boys were very much appreciated. Besides the leaders, the following priests were present during the dav: Fathers 11. Lalor(Diocesan Chaplain to the Movement). J. Lynch, E. Sullivan, P. Donnellv, T.O'Farrell.1. De Piazzi, D. McQuinn, OU.T., IT. Brennan, TBrennan. and T. Ahern.

Among the prospective leaders presentwere thefollowing:

TTighgate. 1Till: IC Fitzgerald, p. AleCaul, L. Mlintt, T Condren, W. McTiernan, \TRnbimon, K. Webster, P.>1. O'Mara, TF Rwsell, G.Capper, C Russell. TK. Smith, T Eckersley, P Rvan, P Quealy, A. Hutchnicerl, R. Kierath, N. D. Sinclair, G. Lyons, M Foster. ClarenonC R.JReynolds. J. Barlow, •K. Anderson, T. Houston, P. Pator, J. O'Neill, R. Toomey. (Continuedon Page 17.)

The Catholic answer

Primitive Church Followed Imperial Organisation .

Does Single Tax Theory Harmonise With Catholic Teaching?...

Right to Property Modified by Common Good

THECHURCHANDTHEROMAN EMPIRE.

There had been already for along time contactbetween Judaism andthe pagan world, and Christianity soon found adherents already possessing some degreeof Hellenicculture.

Secondly, the existingmeansof communicationby sea andby land helped to determine the manner of development—the Apostles and their fellow workers followed these established travel routes.

Moreover, Palestine at the time of Our Lord was partofthe Empire,and the Apostlesand theotherearly Christian preachers, were Roman subjects.

Thus is was that the Primitive Church, starting inaland alreadysubject to Rome, spread throughout the Roman Empire and tended todevelop within the framework of the Empire. The result was that the external organisation of the Church followed the social and political organisation of the Empire.

Last week ioutliner) the beginning and the earl• growth of a Christian connmunity at Corinth. The same thing happened in othercities. Each city in which converts were made by the preaching of the Gospel, became the seat of it

Christian congregation which wasknown asaChurch. Thus Christianity appeared at first as are. ligien of cities and, subsequently, its external organisation followed the im-

perial organisation fairly closely. All this did not come in strictly Apostolic times, but Iam concerned with explaining its origin.

There was a distinct Church—or congregation—corresponding to each city, with its head—or Bishop, as we would say—residing there. Sometimes we find rural congregations con. nected with and depending on the city Church—each with its own spiritual heed. Later on these city Churches were graded—again following the provincial organisation with its metropolises; later on again, these more imp,rtant Churchesweresubordinated to theChurches in the higher metropolises.

Nevertheless, the external organisation of the Christian Church did not Iollow the imperial organisation slavishly. Another element entered into the development of the Church's organisation, viz., the importanceattached toaChurchofApostolicOrigin.The dignity attached to the first great Eastern Churches of which we read, e.g.. Antioch or Ephesus, found its explanation in foundations which were Apostolicorregarded assuch. At the same time, of course, these Apostolic foundations were related to the political importance of the cities in which they were laid. That is to say, the early Chrkti.nn preachers, the Apostles, quite naturally, established centres in important cities, where their preachingwould bemosteffective.

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tw•eenthesecongregationsorChurches?

Did they hold the same beliefs, follow the same religious practices and look upon themselves as integral parts of v ne whole body? The answer is: es, there was real unity. That therew•asrealunityisshownbyacomparison between nascent Christianity and the other religions found within the Roman Empire of those clays.

First, the various Eastern religious cults. Some of these,e.g., the Egyptiancultof Isisand the Persiancultof Ifithra, had penetrated into Imperial social life. At various times they were variously persecuted, tolerated, or supported by authority. But whatever about their treatment, there is this to be noted: They retained a very marked national character, that is their followers in the imperial cities were found in colonies formed of natiye:s, of the country from which the particular cult had come or their descendants: until, in theend, theywere absorbed by the great movement of syncretism in religion which took place later on in the history of the Roman Empire.

Then also these groups of believers were independent ofone another. We do not find the followers of any cult organiser) into aChurch. They had commonbeliefbutnoorganisation.The Roman State provided an admimstratiye system for these groups through one of its religious colleges.

Then Judaism.

itis true that the status ofthe Jewish religion was something distinctive. That was due to old agreements between Rome and the Jewish nation. Their religion was onlv tolerated, but their position was it

privileged one. It has been stated, but not prom), that Judaism had an nrganisation analagous to that of the Christian Church. Whateveraboutthis,thecontrolofthe individual communities was in the hand,% of temporal authorities, not of spiritual rulers.

Moreover, the religious unity of the Jews was combined with avery marked national unity. They made proselytes, even before the preaching of Christianity—so-called"Proselytes of the gate," who merely accepted the lew•ish faith; and "proselytes of justice," who accepted circumcision and wereassimilatedtotheJet's. Inspite ofthis,it repnainstruethattheirrelfgi. ons unity practically coincided with their racial unity.

In comparison the Christian Church is seen as acomplete organised, nay, national body. The Christian congregatinns in the various cities were not national group's. Their note of unity was common belief. They were not, however, isolated groups united only in a.common belief. The heads of the congregations were their spiritual riders, and they recognised acommon spiritual allegiance,

Thus the Christianbodv emerged as aVisiblesociety.

J.B.O'Dea,MosmanPark:

Q.: Iwasveryinterested in your ans. wer to"Georgean,"ofMidlandJunction.

A.: The question put by "Georgean" wasconcerned with the Henry George

E.Sullivan, D.D.,D.Ph.

System and Catholic Social Teaching. The answer:(1) That there is no explicit condemnation of the Henry George Systerp;(2) that it is difficult to see how aCatholiccouldacceptthe Georgeantheoryand,atthesametime, subscribe loyally to Catholic Social Teachinginregardtoprivate property in land.

Q.: However, as aCatholic andastudent of HenryGeorge'sworks, Iam notsatisfied that thereis anydifference between what Leo SIM desired to achieve by private property in land and what Henry George's

systemwouldproduce.

A.: The objective may be the same. Thatdoes notprove that the meansproposedcanbe reconciled. Youalso use the phrase"what Henry George's system would produce: That implies abelief in that system,on sociological grounds, as asolution of the social probleminregardtoproperty. Inthis session Icannot enter into discussion about that aspect of the question; I am not concerned with the merits, on purely sociological grounds, of the Single Tax theory; Icannot enter into the many years' old argument as to whether or not it would work. Iam only concerned with whetherornot as atheoryitclasheswithCatholicSocial Teaching.

Q.: We know that the Pope was anxious that the common people shculd own their own piece of land and home, independent of the State or anyone else, which they could work on and produce wealth from, as long as they desired, or sell or bequeath to whomsoever they wished, that is to say, they must have afeesimple of the land.

A.: The Pope declared that "every man hasby naturetheright topossess private property of his own" Because manisahumanbeing,arational animal,"it must be within man's right to possess things, not merely for temporary and momentary use, as other living things do, but to hold them in stable and permanent possession."

Henry George and his followers also hoped toincrease the numberofsmall property owners. They held that rather than pay abig tax, landlords would be willing toafford to purchase land and that the number of industrial workers .would be diminished, with aconsequent great diminution of poverty.

Q.: What Irespectfully wanttopoint out is—what Pope Leo did not say —thatthe individual landowner had

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Henry_George_Attacked Private Property in Land

Why the Popes Only Enunciate General Principles

HierarchyandCatholicActionExpand and Apply Social.Theory e . e Was Churchill Under aSpecial Act of God's Providence?

anunalienableright totheunearned increment of thelandwhichis caused by the growthof the population andtheexpenditureofpublicmoney in public works and utilities, which isavalue apart altogether fromthe value of the improvements on or in theland.

A.: Itake it your line of argument is as follows: Since the Pope did not say that the individual landowner has such an unalienable right, one may holdthathehasnotandstillholdwith the Pope's teaching. But it does not follow that the Pope's social teaching coincides with HenryGeorge's.

That property ha's asocial function to perform was stated clearly by the present Popelastyear. Property isa presupposition to human initiative, an incentive to work and ameansof sec. uring thelibertyanddignity of man. Any system in which property is not used fortheseends isoutof step with the principles laid down by Catholic Social Doctrine. Although property may be privately owned, it should minister to all.

Q.:Now HenryGeorge'ssystem would give the individual thefee-simple of his land, just as is desired by the Pope. He could workit, build a homeonit, orbequeathittowhomever he liked without interference fromtheState.

A.: Youaresayingineffectthat the Henry Georgesystemholdsforprivate property in land, provided that it is properly distributed.

Q.: The only differencewouldbe that theownerwouldhavetopaytheannual economic rental value of the land to the State inlieu of the income taxor other taxesthat he has topayunderthepresentsystem.

A.: HenryGeorge saidthateconomic rent absorbs the whole benefit of progress; economic rent is asocial product. This social product should be distributed among the community. This can be done by aSingle Tax to represent the rent value of the land, which is thus taken away from the owner and given to the State.

Xow I am concerned only with whether or not this theory clashes with Catholic social teaching—this is not the place to discussany other aspect ofit. To your next paragraph you say that the theorydoes coincide with Catholic social teaching.

Q,: The great effect o: this simple reform, which Isubmitcoincides with Catholic teaching, would be to keep the landfree for the people, since it couldnotbeboughtupbytheCapitalistasatpresentandheldtoripen at public expense No one would held moreland thanhe really wantedforhisownuse.

A: The present Pope, in the statement to which Ireferred afew minutesago,says.inregardtoprivateproperty:"The State map, in the public interest. intervene by regulating its use, or even, if it cannot equitably meet the situation in anv ether way, by decreeing the expropriation of property, givingasuitable indemnity." There is, then, agreement about the need for awide distribution of ownership. But it seems tome that the point we are discussingis found pre.

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cisely here, in the means of effecting such adistribution.

Catholic Social Teaching holds as a principlethe rightofprivateproperty; but the use of that right must be in harmony withdemandsofthe common good.

Henry George started off by attackingprivatepropertyinland. But,not desiring to disturb ownership, he proposed the paying of taxequivalent to the value of the economic rent instead. Thushe would virtually abolish private property in land. That thiswashisconcept,thereisno doubt. In"Progress and Property" (Book VII., p. 1), he wrote:"If private property in land be just, then is theremedy Ipropose afalse one; if, on the contrary, private property in land be unjust,thenisthisremedyatrueone." Therewas the obviousclashin theory.

If you tell me that the Georgean theory does not attack privateownership of land, but aims only, on this point, at preventing land exploitation, then at least Ican understand your claim that the aims of the Georgean theory—as presented by you—coincide withtheaimsofCatholicSocialTeach. ingin this matter. Butare youthen afull-blooded Georgean?

Then there is thequestion of indemnitymentioned by Pope Pius XII: If amanhasacorrecttitletoland,would notyourtheorydeprivehimofitwithout due compensation. After all, not every landowner is aland speculator.

As to the sociological value of the Single Tax Theory—this session isnot theplace todiscussit.

Imustpassovertherestofyourletter, with its arguments in favour of the Single Tax theory, which do not further affect the point at issue, and come to the last paragraph. Before discussing that. Iwish to mentionone thingmore. Ihave gone throughthe filesof"The Record"andIcannotfind anvarticle from an Englishwritersaying there was nothing contrary to Catholic teaching in Henry George's work. Youmtisthe referringtaalet. ter written to"The Record" much in the same strain as this letter ofyours.

Now to your last question:

Q.:"CatholicAction," in one of its pamphlets, states that, in dealing with the land question, very strong action willneed tobe taken indealing with this question. Isubmit that"CatholicAction," to be worthy ofthename,mustbepreparedtosay, what action,forhowcan one expect aGovernment to know what action to take, if we Catholics, above all, do not know what action to take?

A.: Let us first ofall get thismatter straight. Catholic Action does not formulateCatholicSocialTeacNng.

As you know—and as you have implied by your appeal to Pope Leo X11I.'s Encyclical—Catholic Social Doctrine is formulated in the first placV by the Popes. Speaking to the whole Catholic world the Pope cannot do more than enunciate general principles. It is the concern of the Hierarchy of acountry to further acromodate their principles to the con. ditions o that ' country. This is being done in Australia. Each year the Hierarchy issues an officialdocumentaboutsomeaspectofthe Social Question. For example, last year isnwasentitled"The Family." It is partof the jobof"Catholic Action" to help put these principlesinto prac. tice; since it is realised that the ex. pressed objective of Catholic Action,

i.e., to re-Christianise society, implies asolutionofthesocial problem. Ido notknowwhetherornotyouareastu• <lentof CatholicActionliteratureorof otherwritingin thespiritof the social Encyclicals,notnecessarilybelongingto Catholic Action. To my mind, this Iiteature puts forward concrete proposals for the solution of this problem in its various aspects. You seem to think not, at least as regardsproperty in land. Isuggest that you undertake afuller of the Catholic Social Programme. For. example, the programmeoftheCatholicRuralMovement. Ido ndt think you will say that we Catholics do not know what action to take.

"Sincere," Inglewood:

Q.: Having just spent avery interestin thirty minutes listening to your programme,Ifeltmovedtoaskafew questionsformyownenlightenment.

This letter is not written with the intentionof"putting youon the spot"butonlyingenuinesearchfor thetruth.

A.: Your motive in asking thequestion is appreciated: also your understanding of the meaning of the session. Also Inote your remarkabout the liberal use of sarcasm.

Q.: Doyouordoyounotacknowledge thefactthatalltheWO.'softheAlliednationsinthegrimdaysofIM put their faith in a nowCatholle, and looked to him to bring them safelyoutof thedreadful chaos and danger that resulted in the fate of France?

A.: Clearly, the citizens of the Allied nations, Catholics among them, looked to the leadership of the Prime .MinisterofEngland. Idonotseeany question of his religion entering into the matter.

Q.: Do you acknowledge that that great old man, Winston Churchill, wasblessedandguidedbyGod?

A.: God's Providence, we believe, is about us always. That

is not amatter of personal opinion but of faith. If your question means, as it seems to, that aspecial act of God's Providence blessed and guided the Prime .Minister in the conduct of the near, then, Isay, it

is amatter of personal opinion. It isnot necessary toseein the triumph of right over wrong adirect intervention of Divine Providence infavourofanationoran,individual.

Q.:Itrulybelievethathadhebeen

an R.C.hewouldhaverveeivedthehelping handofGodjustthesame—

but, unlike you, Ibelieve that(God acknowledges as His children all who worshipHimandbelieveinHim. It ismyupbringingthathastaughtme thatifapersonlovesGodandtrul, believesinHissavingGrace,thenBe willacceptthatpersonasoneof

His own.

A.: Your remark.is unkind. Also incorrect. Ibelieve that all men are children ofGod,because He has made them in His own image and likeness. A1y faith teaches me to see Christ in all my fellowmen. My faith teaches mealsothatifapersonlovesGodand truly believe in Him,thenGodwillaccept Him as one of His own. You have neverheardanythingcontraryto that on this Session. No doubt, you are confusing this with the Catholic doctrine ofthe One True Church. We hold that the Catholic Church is the trtieChurchofChrist—givena Divine commissionto preach thegospel toall men—thatallshouldbelongtoit.From that it does notfollow that weregard all non-Catholics as rejected by God.

WANTED

PARTY. NO. 33BARRACK STREET, PERTH. W. L. CARTER, Manager.

... Marital Ideal -

is Unique Union of Love

How Sacrifice, Holiness and Children Reinforce Marriage Bond

Why the Church PrizesVirginity

TheSingle State Consecrated ByNobleMotives

Lovecan be calledthe holyof holies of the married state. If to-dayweso frequently see the sacred temple of matrimony desolate anddeserted, the reasoninmost casesisthatithasbeen despoiledof thisinner sanctuary.Love isoftheutmost importance for the communallife ofmarriage. Natureitself points to its necessity and high significance. 11Ianandwomanhave,it is true, both received from thecreator substantially complete personalities. But it is also true that God gave the two sexes amutually complementary character, which entails a reciprocal congeniality and attraction. This He didaboveall inviewofmarriage.Thus the marital union, besides having the purposeofpropagatingtherace,hasthe further function of being a unique union of love.

The grace of the sacrament transfigures and perfects this love-union whichnature haspreparedforthemarried couple. The perfection of marriage, however, is not attained by the reception of the sacrament; that is only the beginning. Man and wife, receiving the sacrament, receive from ChristIlimselfaclaimtoallthosehelpinggraceswhichtheywillneedthroughout theirlife fortheperfectingoftheir love. Thatimplies,too,ofcourse,that marriage thus becomes agreat moral obligation, an. ethical act of elevated characterbetweentwohigh-mindedpersons until death: it becomes the great sacrificialofferingoftheirlives.

Every true love must prove itself in sacrifice. This fundamental truth is unfortunately overlooked to their owncost by many moderns entering uponmarriage; insteadofattainingthe perfection of their union by the path of sacrifice, their marriage soon found. ersbecause they seek in it only gratification of self. If, however, they cooperate loyally with the grace of the sacrament, husband and wife will discover that they have the strength to make the sacrifice daily; they will come to realise that the sacramental gram is above all the grace to love each other with aperfect love.

This perfect conjugal love becomes operative in the mutual sanctification ofthemarriedpair. In theEucharist it is Christ who gives Himself for the developmentofman'ssupernaturallife, and the Holy Ghost similarly gives Himself in the sacrament of confirmation. In matrimony, however, it is thetwospouseswhogivethemselvesto eachotherandthusbyaconjugalcommunity of life areenabled toattain to ahigher perfection than they could, realise individually. Husband and wifemustdaily actuate anewthesanctifying power of matrimony in respect to each other: and for this purpose thev must make use of other sacraments, particularly penance and the Eucharist, in order to makethegraces of matrimony more readily operative.

By partaking in the eucharistic Sacrifice and Meal theyshould if possible daily bring the mystery of their conjugal union into more intimate identitywith themysteryofChristandHis Church: this for them is the way to perfection. Their married life, which began with apledge of mutual selfsurrendetr in thesightofGod,willthus become the means-whereby they lead each other into His eternal presence.

Perfect conjugal love includes more. overas an essential constituent arelationship to offspring, the will to beget children andtoeducatetheminaGod. pleasing manner. Each child in turn weaves strongnewstrands inthe bond oflove uniting husband and wife, and isalivingdemandfortheconstantperfectingof thatlove. St.Paulsummed up the mvstery ofmarried love in the words: "Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the Church" (Eph. 5: 25). But Christ espoused onlv the one Church. and loves her alone; therefore the love between husband and wifemaynot he sharedwith anyother. Andtheirlovemust he as strong and genuine and pure, as faithful and constant as the love that exists between Christ and His Church.

In virginity, too, love plats just a. importantaroleasit doesin marriage Or rather, since virginity ranks highe than marriage, it demands a corres

pondingl -

vgreaterlove,in orderthat it may not fall victim to the dangers of loneliness or to the allurements of worldlypleasure,or,ontheotherhand, thatitmaynotgrowcold,crabbedand stunted. Ineither.caseitwouldmean surrendertothe worldandinfidelityto thedivine'Bridegroom;andonlyalove foundedinGod'sgracecanemergevictoriousovertheseperils.

Virginity in the deepest roots of its being is amystery of man's super. natural love for Jesus. St. Augustine makes that clear for us in his homily onthe parable of the ten virgins who, though they were all virgins,were not allworthyo£heaven. Ilesays:"Whoever refrains from the illicituse ofhis five senses is called virgin because of hisbodilyintegrity. Itisgoodtokeep oneself from the forbidden indulgence of one's senses, and fordoing soevery Christian soul may be called virginal. Yetwhywerethefivevirginsadmitted and the otherfive turnedaway? They are virgins, and nevertheless are refused admittance. Yea more, not only are they virgins, they alsohavelamps. They are called virgins in respect to their continence: they carry lamps as aproofoftheirgoodworks. If,therefore, to abstain from forbidden things isgoodand toperformworksispraiseworthy, why were only five admitted and the otherfive turnedback? The Lordcallstheformerwise,andthe latter foolish. To what therefore must we pay attention? How are they to be distinguished? By the oil they carry. Something important is symbolised by the oil, something ;ery important: namely,love."

The mere fact ofremainingsingle or celibate does not, therefore, suffice, all the more so if it is done unwillingly or regarded as apainful deprivation. Virginitymusthethefruitofinnerpersonal freedom andofcalmdeliberation. Buteventhatis notenough. Forthe decision to embrace the virginal life might in that case derive from some sort of ressentiment: or it could he prompted by acontempt for marriage orafearofthe difficultiesandcares of the marriedlife. Themotive'sformaking the decision might even he quite noble: for instance, the desire to promote social betterment, to devote oneself to the welfare of one's neighbour by teaching, nursing, etc. Certainly, thedetermination to remaincelibatein such cases would he good and praisenvorthv—hut it would not vet he the sameasvirginityinthespecially Christiansense.

Christian virginityrequiresthat it he Arisen"for the sake ofthel<ingdont o

f heaven": it must haveitsorigin in the supernatural love of God. This

is beautifully expresser] in the pontifical rite of conserration ofyirtrins. Borrowin7 the words of St. Agnes, the candidates sing:"The kingdom ofthe world andallitsornamenthaveTdespisedfor love of Our Lord Tesus Christ. Tfim have Tloved,in Him have Tplaced all my faith and affection," And again, after the consecratory preface: "Lo. what Thavesought after,already do I seeit;whatThavehopedfor,even now do Ipossessit; to Him am Ijoined in heaven itself whom on earth Thave lover] withatotallove."

I.o%-%is demanded by virginity, it is intimately associatedwith the tern• essence ofvirginity. Forabridalunion takes place Letveen the virginal sell! and Christ. If atruespomsalrelationship between husband and wife is impossiblewithoutlove,thenall themore issuchaunion hetween the virgin and Christ simply unthinkable if love 'he ah,ent. TheChristian virgin isatrue spouseofChristonlyifhersoulisfilled withsupernaturallove; aromplete sit,

render to Christ is an impossibility without it. And this love, like the love in marriage and like virginity itselfhurt heenduring.eternal,although it need not he pledged with aformal you in order to have validity in the sight of God Usually. however, such apledgewillhe thenormalwavofembracing thevirginal life.

Virginity TooisPbttdtful

If the life of any individual being is already athing of wonder, how muck more wondrous is it when it produces blossomandfruit! Forthenlifereally manifests it's true beauty and creaCive power. This fruitfulness is to be found in marriage when husband and wife express their mutual love in the marriage act and co-operate with God in calling new life into being. Suck fruitfulness is denied virginity. But thereexistsanother,ahigherandfuller fruitfulness, that of the spirit. And it is precisely this fruitfulness of the spirit which

is possibleingreatermeasure tovirgins than tomarriedpeople, anditoffersrichcompensationandfull amends for the renunciation of bodily fruitfulness. Judged according tothe flesh, the death of Christ on the cross was barren. Buthowinfinitely vast wasitsspiritualfruitfulness! Awhole nenv world of the spirit resulted from thisdeath. Anincomparable spiritual fatherhood and motherhood opens up to those who voluntarilyrenounce the possibility of being father and mother

r totheirownfleshandblood. Inorder that virginity be truly fruitful, however,andnotwearawayandloseitself in activities, the soul mustcultivate a love for the contemplative life. This, of course, does not mean inactivity. Activity and life are not restricted to external action; such a viewpoint would convict us of superficiality and activism. The contemplative way of lifeislife lived tothefill,butdirected immediately toGod in recollected solitude and holy silence; it is an "active life," differing from that commonly so called in that its activity is of the spirit.

The life of virginal fruitfulness has alwaysbeen heldupasasublimeideal to Christians of both sexes. In our day,however,thereisurgentreasonfor directing special attention to it, more particularlyin the caseof women. For ' we must face the inexorable fact that the dreadful casualties of this war willo make it impossible for many young women to enterupon their normalvocationofmarriage. Canlifehaveanv real meaning for these persons? Many (if them, no doubt, feeling that the most intimate crating of their heart havebeenhopelesslyfrustrated,will be temptedtoanswerin thenegative.Hu• manly speaking, it is to he expected that the voice of the spirit can he heard only with difficulty when nature demands her rights so clamornusivandwith suchurgentforce.There will be adesperate struggle of soul in ninny yotui¢ hearts. God grant that there will also he many and great spiritual triumphs, that generous heartswill embrace with jov the vocation

of virginal fruitfulness. I God's ._ kingdom there is no such thing as an unbalanced] sex ratio, there is no"surplus of women."

M2rriageandVirginityComplementary.

Thefinalgoalofindividualpersonalty is the same whether in the married state or in virginity: viz., the full development of the divine life given to man in haptism, the perfecting of supernatural love, in aword,sanctity. For hoth states oflife thereexists notonly the possibility but also the obligation tostrive fnr thisgoal. In themselves, however, marriage and virginity are contraries, insofar as the tension between the bodilyand spiritual spheres in man isresolved differently by each. Consequently the path by which each attainstotheidenticalgoal isdifferent Thevirginalstatevoluntarilyrenounces the prompting,of the sexinstinct and dedicates itself with immediacy to the cause of the spirit; marriage reaches mailsgoal byacceptingthe instrumentalityofthe flesh.

The two

ideals, the married and the virginal,are neverfound united inone andthe same person. Thesole exception, of course, and in aspecial sense. sthe ever blessed Virgin and Mother ofGod, Mary. Shealoneispraisedby theChurch as"gandia matris habens (Continued on Back Cover.)

Democratising of War Agricultural Committees

Howthe 4-H Clubs inAmerica

Train Young Farmers — Victoria's Practical Plan for Juniors. o.

The Y.Y.F. is seeking toimprove the composition of war agriculture com• suttees. In reply to their letter to Yr. Scully, they were told that mem. Lers of the W.A.C. were appointed by the State Minister of Agriculture. The P.P.F. intends to ask Mr. Wise )Minister of Agriculture) to permit members to be elected by the farmers themselves.

This is amove in the right direction. Democratic election will give the farmers agreater interest in the war agricultural committees. This interest of the farmers is necessary to save the W.A.C. (whichis one step towards decentralisation and self-govern. ment) from being scrapped at the end ofthe war.

Head, heart, hands and health— these are the four H'swhich give Am• oriea's biggest farm movement its name. The 4-H Club is the farm youth's own society. Organised over 30 yearsagoby the Extension Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, the clubs are entirely volrotary in character. Young people from 10to20may join,pledging themselves to the fullest development of tread, heart, hands and health. There are no due'sand the only requirement for membership is that each boy and girl perform some twork which demon• strates abetter method of homemak• ing oragriculture andcarry it through for ayear. During the entire period they must keep acareful record of costs,labourand results.

1,700,000 club members may be foundinpractically every U.S. county, as well as in Alaska, Hawaii •and Puerto Rico. Four 11 ,

Club members Are encouraged to plan and work out projects which would docredit to any adult. Theymay growanacre ofcottonor corn, plant agarden, manage a dairy herd, or learn to run and repair farm machinery. Girl's may preserve the home supply of fruit and veget• ables, make their own clothing, keep the family budget or raise aflock-of poultry. Sometimes .1

club chooses one project for all its members, such as doing fire prevention work or landscaping the local school grounds. County agents and-volunteer leaders from each community are always on hand to advise and encourage the youths, but, for the most part, the youngsters—ambitious, self-reliant and energetic--carry on their own meetings, contests and exhibitions. Their national record is impressive: in one year members completed over a million projects, ranging all the way from developing seed corn to converting a swamp into agame refuge.

War replaced the Cluh motto: "To do the best better;" with anew slogan: "Feed afighter in 1'911." Young farmers and homemakers Otttstripped all former achievements to help increasethe amount of food availablefor donestic consumption.and for export. Thev grew over (i,fl(1(1.000 bushels of garden products, raised more than 9,000,000 fowl, cared for some 0('i0,000 head of livestock and canned 10.000,000 iars of food. In addition they collectedmillionsofpoundsofscrapmetal and soldover 30,000,0000dollars in war bonds.

Many Clubs handleavariety of subje

cts. It is considered that one major and one minor project per Club is usually sufficient. Each Club should have its own individuality, and the mnior project should, as.far as possible,bebasedon prevailinglocal prim• ary industries. A selection may be

made from sheep, dairying, pigs, poultry, pastures, wheat, oats, barley, fruit, vegetables, fart carpentry, farm blacksmithing, etc.

Each member should take care of a calf, lamb, half adozen hens, etc., or of an experimental plot, keeping arecord of his project. Members should be impressed with the advisability of tending only high-class stock and the Lest plants,etc.

Suitable projects for girls may be chosen from cookery, preserves, dressmaking, millymery, butter-making, etc.

Project's may be carried out at the school or at hone. The school time given to such projects(outdoor work) must comply with the regulations issued by the Education Department or the Distriq Inspector. -

The succlssful Club will be that in which the head teacher displays ingenuity in devising mean'sto associate his school work with the activities of the district.

An Example of aProject—Vegetablea.

The following suggestive outlines are given for the benefit of Teachers who are experiencing difficulty in correlating their subjects: Associate all subjects, av

far as possible, with rural topics.

Before adoption, all such work must be approved by an inspector of Schools.

(Considerable help in aproject may be obtained from the literature issued* by the Department of Agriculture and the Victorian Young Farmers' Clubs e•ssociation.)

English.

Literature:

Poems depicting rural life. Pupils should search for extracts from poems relating to theirprojects.

Suggest:

"A Country Village," by J. Bernard O'Ilara.

"The Poet's Pleasures"(from "L'Alegro"1, Milton. "The Plough;" by W. H. Ogilvie.

"Thora's Song: by A. Lindsay Gor. don.

"September in Australia;" by H. Kendall.

"The Man from Snowy River;" by A. B. Patterson. "A Pastoral;" byG. Essex Evans. The EveningScene" (Gray's Elegy)

%nv good Nature poems.

Reading:

Rural topics.

"Agricultural Journal"on vegetable culture.

Bacons Essay,"Of Gardens."

An interesting novel in which rural life fs dominant. Suggest: Geoffrey Hamlyn.

Essays:

The Story of the Plough. The Value ofVegetables as aFood. Gardening as aHobby. Gardeningas aBusiness. Our Insectivorous (

Birds.

,a) Sights--flowers, farm-yard scene. etc.

(b) Sounds—lark's song, cock's crowing, etc.

Examine your ownlist and compare withthepoet's. Arethere any points of similarity? Is this acity or rural scene? Quote lines to justify your answer.

Who are the various characters men. tioned by the poet, and what is each one doing?

Take note of Milton's vivid and suggestive language. Select three lines which conjure up extremely vivid pictures in your mind. Note particularly the lines,"While the cock .... before." Which words definitely suggest that the cock is the conqueror? (Stoutly struts.) What has he conquered? (The army ofdarkness.) -

Note the similarity between the farm-yard scene of Milton's time and the present time.

Examine carefully the lines describing the sunrise. Which colours does Milton mention? What is meant by the phrase, "In thousand liveries dight"?

Have you ever observed a "dappled dawn" and the clouds"inthousandliv. cries light?" If so, describe what you saw.

Exercise:

Write ashort descriptive composi. tion on the subject, "Evening Plea. sures."

Destructive Pests Found in the Garden.

composition:

Discuss the NlarketGardening Industry.

Oral Discussions on Project.

Debates, e.g.,"Should Artificial Manure Be Used?" etc.

Compiling Reports for Local Press. Business Letters, e.g., Order for Seed or Manure.

Club \leetings—Correct Procedure, Clear Speaking, Resolutions. Discussion of Club Activities. Fending aTelegram.

Lecturettes.

Spelling:

Names of Vegetables and Fertilisers.

Palls of it Plough.

Names of Implements.

Derivation:

Trace the Origin of as Nlany Terms as is Pnssible.

Grammar:

Fundamental Work in Grammar,

Suggested Treatment of Poem From Young Farmers' Viewpoint. The Poet'sPleasures. (Extract from Milton's"L'Allegro.")

Introduction:

Boy'sand girls, as well asolder folk, take adelight in hearing and seeing variousthings. Compile alistofsome of the sights and sounds which appeal to you when you get up early in an autumn morning.

Presentation:

Now read the extract from "L'Alle gro." Can you discover the poet's morning pleasures? Classify these pleasures under two headings -

Our Lady,Help ofChristians', Branch, East Victoria Park.

Ourfortnightly meeting was held on Tuesday,July24. Averygood attendance of inemlxra was present. Best wishes to Sr. J. Ramsay for aspeedy recovery. Letters were received from Bro. A. McCarthy (A.LF.) and Bro. IV. McCarthy (R.A.A.F.). Ladies, please note, that the annual Retreat is being held at Highgate Convent on September 3and 9, 1915. All mem• brrs are asked to go along to Shenton Park Branchon Friday,August 10,and make the eveningagreatsuccess. During the evening four new members nvere initiated,in the persons of Sr. M.Scootand Bros. L.Brady,J.McCarthy, and B. Ramsay. Ahearty welcome was extended them by our President. After the meeting all participated in agame of Badminton. Our nextmeeting is on August7. Winners of the lucky seats were Bros. M. Hitchcock and J. McCarthy.

Again Pre-War Quality Roof Fafn4, 281- gal. copper tints,41. Elsa toll's, 669 W*Mng%a RussL

Reflections on the Responsibitity of Victory

WillthePeaceBeAutomaticallyFoundedonJustice?

Danger of Confusing Cause of Rightwith National Interests

Prayer Serves Where Understanding Fails

By NIGR. R. A. KNOX.

The signal is now given us to rejuiceovervictoryachievedandweshall thank God with full hearts. Thank ilim, not so much because our arms havetriumphed,asbecauseIlehasseen fit to use us, unworthy of such honour, as Hischampions in the cause of right. Thank Him, not so much because ourenemies have been humiliat. ed, as because one more warning has been pasted up on the notice-board of history against t^u drunk rd's dream of worl ,

f-conquest. ThankIIim,notso much because the agar is finished now, as because Ile preserved us, at our worsttimes,fromthe temptationtofinish itbyanignoble peace.Thank Him, notsomuchbecauseoursufferingshave been slight co;•!rarc-1 with those of other nations, as ba—ause Ile has left us with mean- ,tw disposal to help othernations nn thz?r need. We shall thank Min,too airit thousandprivate blessings, at[oresem andundeserved.

Let us mane ns nistake about it. The enemyuvir ,

!n%ve havenowbeaten toitskneeshad,at t;r.start,suchbrute force as per:ap- nn other nation has c-yer had at its command. Let us make no mistaleabout it; we did go to agar in the cause of right. Howevermuch ourown interestsmay have been hound up in it, history will always proclaim the fact that German policy did menace the liberties of Europe, and perhaps of the world. Those heroic, irreplaceable lives which have been lost to England were laid down, not in pursuit of some phantom good, to will glory or empire; they were dedicatedlives,giveninitholycause.And l et its make no mistake about it.brute orc•e cane uncommonly near winning. Therewasamoment,atthetimeofthe Battle of Britain, when it seemed humanlyimpossible that Germany should lose the enormous advantage she had trained. True, it wasnot simply Engwow

land, it was the British Empire that was engaged, but an empire how distant,how scattered1 The worldheld its breath, to watch the inconceivable conflictbetweenadragonthatbreathed fire over acontinent, and St. George, uprightin thesaddle,butalone,andalmost unarmed. There is, however,adanger toberemembered, and to be avoided. All throughthewar,whicheversideseemed to be in the ascendant, one voice has proclaimed consistently the same message. The Holy Father, both when Rome was in the hands of the enemy and since it has passed into ours, has beenappealingfor apeace founded on justice. Founded on justice? Of coure it,will be, we may think, surprised by his insistence on whatseems such an obvious point. Of course it will be foundedon justice; isnot that the very thing we have been fighting for? It wouldheananti-climaxtoour storyof St. George and the Dragon, if the Saint, after killing his enemy, should absent-mindedly leave the princess there, chained to it rock. Of course it will be founded on justice; has not the dreadful spectacle of the lastsix years, the last twelve years of world-history, given its sufficient warn. ing,what comesofitifmen trytosubstitute Might for Right? Because we have seen smaller nations bullied by theirlargerneighbours,becausewehave seen armed and unscrupulous minoritiesgetting control of the politicalmachineandestablishingtheirpositionby persecutionandmassacre, weshalltake goodcare thatthatkindofthingnewer happens again. Why, even ifwe had noother motive forfoundingpeace on justice, we should do it for the sake ofourowninterest. Aworldinwhich might triumphs over right is aworld which can never hesafe from war and therumoursofwar: theremusthesecurity and contentment eyervwhere, or it will mean that we shall experience,

ARTHUR E. DAVIES & Co. funeral Directors ana Embalmers

PERTH:

Cr. Beaufortand BnIWLrStreets. BUM.

OLAREMONT: Opposite RailwayStation. 72177.

FREMJ4NTLR: 95 Market Street. L2=.

PARTNERS: WALLACE A. H. GREEN A GEORGE B.COCKERILL. f

PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

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\IGR. R. KNON.

in our life-time, all the horrors of the last six_yearsoveragain!

It all sounds obvious enough. And yet the Holy Father, who knows more of diplomacy than most men living, who can see the world-situation with eyeslessblindedbyprejudicethanmost menliving, wouldsurely not return so insistently to this one self-evident proposition if he did not see that there is danger of its being forgotten. After all, the natinn which,all through the hazardsandanxietiesofalongwar,has tried to identify itsown interestswith the cause ofjustice,is in great danger, whenitcomestothe peace conference, of identifyingthecause ofjustice with its own interests. The issues seemso clear; your enemies, all these years past, have been the enemies ofjustice, get them down and keep them down; your friends, all these years past, have been the friendsofjustice,putthedestinies of the world in theirhands, and justice will he secure. Even if that were true—and is it true? is it not our common and sari experience that thefriend ofjustice to-daymayhe the enemyofjustice to-mnrrow?—evenifit were true, we mu:l not attemptto iinposeon the world it

peacewhichisnot, in itself, it ju ,

ypeace. We may, perhaps, rope tosecr.m the general happincssofmankindbycondemningitlarge 1;,-! o` mankin! t

:Inverv, or to extinction. We must not do that evil `'. m ,rd"r that good may come of it. NOmore than ju ,

tire,evenforoar friends, no less than iucti ,

•e, even for enemies,orwe have soldourhirthright: we have lost thewarin winning it. Weappealedtorightagainstmight in those dark clays when the stars in their courses seemed to he fighting against its: in the hour of victory, w•e mustappealtorightagainst mightstill.

There are many people in the world, agood man- people even in our own country, to whom all this talk about iusticesounrisold-fashioned andabsurd What is it that gives eternal justice its value? Onlv the fart that it has thelackingofAhnightyGodbehind it. Rightwould beright,andwrongwould 1:cwrong,evenifthewholehumanrace conspired to obliterate the difference betweenthem:why? Becausethereis aGod in heaven whose judgment cannot err. In days like ours, when so manypeopledenyordoubtordisregard the fact of God's existence, is it anv wonder that they deny or doubt or disregard the existence of right and wrong? Let its not flatter ourselves thatthe HolyFather'sappealforajust peace, which sounds to us so much a matter ofcourse,almost aplatitude,is going to find the same reception elsewhere. Therearemen,Godforgiveus, there are nations, to whom the word 'justice," if they wouldconfess it, is a mereword,emptyofmeaning. Theinterestofaparticularcountry,orapar. ticular class of society,or aparticular philosophy oflife, is all they mean by "justice" And they listen to the

Holy Father's appeal, and smile, and shake theirheads.

The amountanordinaryprivate citizen can do in helping to shape the policy of the nation he belongs to neverwasverymuch; inthesedays of Government control and Government propagandait is less than ever. But we can make this resolution afitting resolution for the day of thanksgiving for victory, that.we will be good citizens ofourcountry; putting up cheerfully with some discomforts and some loss of liberty, in these next year's, so as tomakeourcountrystrongandvigorous,influential in the councils of nations. Iftheprivatecitizen,nowthat the strainofwar is relaxed, turns selfish andthinksaboutnothingbuthavingagoo4 time,then, believeme, England is finished. St. George will go disarmedand theworldwillbeagreat place fordragons.

Thesearestrange times,whenour rejoicingshavetobereleased,notbecause the warisover, butbecauseourstates „ menaresatisfied thatthe,warisnearly over. Whatdoesitmean? Itmeans thatthedividinglinebetweenastateof peace and astate of war is not going to be, for some years yet, the clearlymarkedthingitusedtobe. Forsome years yet we shall have to be in a stateofcontinual preparednessforwar. The world will be full of unsettled or half-settled problems, and modern war breaksout very suddenly., We must not,then,letourpatriotismcomedown with arun as soon as the peace celebrations begin; we shall want it still. And patriotism means more than sing , ing God Save the King: it means a spirit of discipline, of watchfulness, of service. That spirit we can all cultivate,andbycultivatinghelp,inasmall way, tosecure the future happiness of mankind.

tatesmen. Butevenwherewecannot understand,we cangoonpraying. As we gather before Our Lacdv's statue, in thesedapsof half-lights,let its think of hernotonly as theQueen of Peace, whoisgoingtosilencethegunsand the homhs and bring hack to its the men we love. Let us think of her as the Mother of Good Counsel, telling the statesmen at , Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Enters. Stocks of Paints, Varnish, Calcomtne. Hassell's Stores, Perth,., BG107. STURMER AND SON, (Late Hallion's), BAKERS, 90 JOHN STREET, NORTH FREMANTLE. (Tel.2739.) Prise Winners Royal Show. DeliveriesThroughoutFremantle. Randolph Knapp (W.A.OA.). BIGHT-TII:STINGOPTIOLtiN. 12 ATWELL ARCADE, FRZMAPTLE L1582.

all Francisco, without theirknowingshe istellingthem, without their wanting to he told it, how hest theyareto cleanupthemess war has left behind it, how hest they are togiveitsit peace worthhaving,and a world ready to listen to the voice of JesusChrist.

Reflections on the Responsibitity of Victory WillthePeaceBeAutomaticallyFoundedonJustice?

Danger of Confusing Cause of Rightwith National Interests

Prayer Serves Where'Understanding Fails

By MGR. R. A. KNOX.

The signal is now given us to rejoiceovervictoryachievedandweshall thank God with full hearts. Thank Him, not so much because our arms havetriumphed,asbecauseHehasseen fit to use us,unworthy of such honour, as Hischampions in thecause of right. Thank Him, not so much because ourenemies have been humiliated, as because one more warning has been pasted upon the notice-board of history against t%:(. drunkard's dream ofworld-conquest. T!ankHim,notso much because the war is finishednow, as because He preserved us, at our worsttimes,fromthe temptationtofinish itbyanignoblepeace.ThankHim, notsomuchbecauseoursufferingshave been slight co,^:are•! with those of other nations, as he­ause He has left us withmean.; it)u disposal to help othernationsin their need. Weshall thankHim,to^.:rathousandprivate blessings, uo6,re;crr. andundeserved.

Let us mage no mistake about it. The enemywh•rnwe havenowbeaten toitskneeshad,atth start,suchbrute force as per.ap no other nation has ever had at its command. Let us make no mista{:• about it; we did go to,war in the cause of right. Howevermuchourown interestsmayhave been bound up in it, history will always proclaim the fact that German policy did menace the liberties of Europe, and perhaps of the world. Those heroic, irreplaceable lives which have been lost to England were laid down, not in pursuit of some phantom good, to win glory or empire; they were dedicatedlives,giveninaholycause.And letus makenomistake aboutit.brute force came uncommonly near winning. Therewasamoment,atthetimeofthe Battle of Britain, when it seemed humanlyimpossiblethatGermanyshould lose the enormous advantage she had pained. True,it wasnotsimply Eng-

land, it was the British Empire that was engaged, but an empire how distant, how scattered! The(worldheld its breath, to watch the inconceivable conflictbetweenadragonthatbreathed fire over acontinent,and St. George, uprightinthesaddle,butalone,andalmost unarmed. There is,however,adanger toberemembered, and to be avoided. All throughthewar,whicheversideseemed to be in the ascendant,one voice has proclaimed consistently the same-message. The Holy Father, both when Rome was in the handsof the enemy and since it has passed into ours, has been appealingfor apeace founded on justice. Founded' on justice? Of coure it.will be, we may think, surprisedbyhisinsistence on whatseems such an obvious point. Of course it will be foundedon justice; is notthat the very thing we have been fighting for? Itwouldbeananticlimaxtoour story ofSt.George andthe Dragon,if the Saint, after killing his enemy, should absent-mindedlyleave the princess there, chained to a rock. Of course it will be.founded on justice; has not the dreadful spectacle of the last six years,the last twelve yearsof world-history, given us sufficientwarning,whatcomesofitifmentrytosubstitute Might for Right? Becausewe have seen smaller nations bullied by theirlargerneighbours,becausewehave seen armed and unscrupulous minori. ties gettingcontrol ofthepoliticalmachineandestablishingtheirpositionby persecutionand massacre,weshalltake goodcarethatthatkindofthingnever happens again. Why, even if we had noothermotive forfounding peace on justice, we should do it for the sake ofourowninterest. Aworldinwhich might triumphs over right is aworld which can never besafefrom war and therumoursofwar; theremustbesecurity and contentment everywhere, or it will mean that we shall experience,

ARTHUR E. DAVIES &CO. funeral Directors ana Embalmers

PZRTH: Or.Beaufortand BulwcrStreets. BN00.

OLARZMONT: Opposite Railway Statiom !4177.

11'RZMANTLZ: NMarket Street. L2=.

PARTNERS: WALLACE A. H. GREEN & GEORGE B.COCKERILL.

PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

Over 30 years'experience in property management and rent collection enable us to offeryouexpertsesviceinthisdirection.

We also have extensive lists of private homesavailable i,,- purchase in all suburbs. Reasonable termsarranged if required. We can offer you specialised service in all branches of Real Estate.

MGR. R. KNOX.

in our life-time, all the horrors of the lastsixyearsoveragain!

It all sounds obvious enough. And yet the Holy Father,whoknows more of diplomacy than most men living, who can see the world-situation with eyeslessblindedbyprejudicethanmost men living, wouldsurely not return so insistently to thisone self-evident proposition if hedid notseethat there is danger of its being forgotten. After all, thenationwhich,all through the hazardsandanxietiesofalongwar,has tried to identify itsowninterestswith the cause ofjustice,is ingreatdanger, whenitcomestothe peace conference, of identifyingthecauseofjustice with its own interests. The issues seemso clear; your enemies, all these years past, have been the enemies of justice, get them down and keep them down; your friends, all theseyears past, have been the friendsofjustice,putthedestinies of the world in theirhands, and justice will be secure. Even if that were true—and is it true? Is it not our common and sad experience that thefriend ofjustice to-daymaybe the enemyofjusticeto-moernw?—evenifit were true, wemust notattempttoimposeontheworldapeacewhichisnot, in itself, ajust peace. We may, perhaps, rope tosecure the general happinessofmankindbycondemningalarge

n` mankind t):Invery, or to extinction. We must not do that evil ing m order that good may come of it. Nomorethan justice,even forour friends, no less than justice, even for orirenemies,orwe havesoldourbirthright: we have lost thewarin winning it. Weappealedtorightagainstmight in those dark days when the stars in their courses seemed to be fighting against us; in the hour of victory, we mustappealtorightagainstmightstill.

There are many people in the world, agood many people even in our own countrv, to whom all this talk about justicesoundsold-fashionedand absurd What is it that gives eternal justice its value? Only the fact that it has thebackingofAlmightyGodbehindit. Rightwouldberight,andwrongwould bewrong,evenifthewholehumanrace conspired to obliterate the difference betweenthem;why? Becausethereis aGod in heaven whose judgment cannot err. In days like ours, when so manypeopledenyordoubtordisregard the fact of God's existence, is it any wonder that they den- or doubt or disregard the existence of right and wrong? Let us not flatter ourselves thattheHolyFather'sappealforajust peace, which sounds to us so much a matterofcourse,alm(kkt aplatitude,is going to find the same reception elsewhere. Therearemen,Godforgiveus, there are nations, to whom the word "justice," if they wouldconfess it, is a mereword,emptyofmeaning. Theinterestofaparticularcountry,oraparticular class of society,or aparticular phildsophv oflife, isallthey mean by "justice." Arid they listen to the

Holy Father's appeal, and smile, and shaketheirheads.

Theamountanordinaryprivate citizen can do in helping to shape the policy of the nation he belongs to neverwasverymuch; inthesedaysof Government control and Government propaganda it is less than ever. But we can make this resolution afitting resolution for the day of thanksgiving for victory, thatwe will begood citizens ofourcountry; puttingupcheerfully with some discomforts and some loss of liberty, in these next years, so astomakeourcountrystrongandvigorous,influential inthecouncilsof nations. Iftheprivatecitizen,nowthat r thestrainofwarisrelaxed,turns selfishandthinksaboutnothingbuthavingagoodtime,then,believeme,England is finished. St. George will go disarmedandtheworldwillbeagreat place fordragons.

Thesearestrangetimes,whenourrejoicingshavetobereleased,notbecause thewarisover,butbecauseourstatesmenaresatisfiedthatthewarisnearly over. Whatdoesitmean? Itmeans thatthedividinglinebetweenastateof peace and astate of war is notgoing to be, for some years yet, the clearlymarkedthingitused tobe. Forsome years yet we shall have to be in a' stateofcontinualpreparedness,forwar. The world will be full of unsettled or half-settled problems, and modern war breaksout very suddenly., We must not,then,letourpatriotismcomedown with arun as soon as the peace celebrations begin;we shall want it still. Andpatriotism meansmore thansinging God Save the King; it means a rpirit of discipline,of watchfulness, of service. That spirit we can all cultivate,andbycultivatinghelp,inasmall way, to secure the future happiness of mankind.

Meanwhile,wecangoonpraying.'All through these war years most of us havenotfounditdifficulttopray; the needs we felt were so urgent and so obvious—the success of our arms, the early return of peace, the safety of those weloved, at home and abroad. Nowthat the endof thewarhasbeen proclaimed in Europe,the needwill be lessobvious, butit willnotbelessurgent. The framing of treaties, the building up of new Governments, the sorting out of scattered populations, the restoration, throughout Europe, of commerceandoftransport,willprovide enormous problems to tax to-morrow's statesmen. Butevenwherewecannot understand,wecangoonpraying. As we gather before Our Lady's statue, inthesedaysofhalf-lights,letusthink ofhernotonlyas theQueen of Peace, whoisgoingtosilencethegunsandthe bombs and bringback to us the men we love. Let us think of her as the Mother of Good Counsel, telling the statesmen at San Francisco, without theirknowingsheistellingthem, without their wanting to be told it, how best theyaretocleanupthemess war has left behind it, how best they are togiveitsapeace worthhaving,and a world ready to listen .

to the voice of JesusChrist.

flue Pipe for Stoves Bath 1Heatsm Stocks of Paints,Varnish,Calcomine. Hassell'sStores,Perth... B6307.

THE LATE F/SGT. ROBERT KNOX

was the younger son of Robert and MaryEllett Knox,of30 Petmant-street, North Perth, and loving brother of Ronald (A.IT., New Guinea), Peggy (W.A.A.F.), and Daphne. Ile was evployed at the Taxation Department, and joined the'air Force in 1912. Ile met his death, asthe result of an aircraft accident, on July 20, 191."), at Birdlip, England. R.I.P.

Just landed, new Gas Fires and Room Heaters; also Enamel Saucepans. At W.A. Stove Co., Perth.

DistinguishedOldBoy

Visits A.

Patrick's

Wednesday,July 25, was ared-letter day in the annalsof the School, when F/Lt. F. B. Black, D.F.C. paidavisit to hisold school. Toho ,

nourthe visitor ashort concert was staged. At theconclusionoftheconcert,theHead Master extended awarm welcome to Fred. Ile also complimented him on hi's decoration, saying the School was proud toreckon himas one ofherdistinguished andvaliant sons.

When the visitor rose to address the boys, he was received with great en• thusiasm and cheers. The boys were then treated toafew sidelightsonlife in aHalifaxbomber as wellason the Air stations.

Many questions were asked by the boys, whoseinformationonmatters relating to the Air Force was ratherextensive. Finally he urged his listeners to lie faithful to the precepts of their teachers.... Amanloyal to his Faith rwas always respected. The motto of the School was: "Esto Vir" t"Be aMan!

")

At this stage apresentation on behalf of the Staff and boys was made. The Head Master,inhis concluding remarks, congratulated Fred on his re. cent.marriage to aDublin girl, who ekpects to rejoin her husband at Christmas,1945.

A vigorous rendering of the School Fry brought the function to a happy end.

EnglishCatholicPressScorches

Polish Settlement

England'sthreeCatholicpapers,"The Uri;varre'""The OatholicTimes," and "TheCatholic Herald,"published some stinging editorial comment on the betrayal of Poland following the recent Polish trials and the signing of the WorldCharteratSanFrancisco.

"The Universe" says:

"The past weekhasseen the signing of the Charter at San Francisco, and what looks like the penultimate stage in thebetrayal ofPoland....

"Whathas happened to our honour? We have had to abandon every positionwe havetakenupandbe publicly whipped and humiliatedby the Soviet Government.

"We have even goneonsurrendering after the end of theGerman war, and of any fear of the Nazi State being backedb_v'Moscow,whichall the world knewtolie the explanationof ourear• lier surrender.

"We may draw upas many charters asweplease, but theywill notobscure thefactthatthereisatpresentnoconception of law, government, or even the fundamental decencies of human intercourse which are held in common by Western Europe and the colossus thatnowdominatestheEast.

"It remains tobeseenwhether,after the election, public men will'nave the courage to say in public what few of them will deny in private.

-We are in themidstofameetingof theBigThree. Isittomark ahelated turn of the tide or acontinuation of the policy of make-believe, which can onhv haveone end?

"in how many European countriesis there now the amount of freedom and decency that therewas six years ago?

What is to happen to amillion and a half Poles outside Poland? These people are as passionately devoted to theirceunt3Yasanyonein Europe,and the vast majoritydoes not wantto go back. Are we to force them to live under a praesidium-whatever that may mean in Engish or Polish? If we do, we shall never live down the shame of it. If we do not, we shall noteven get theSoviet'friendship' for which, according to Sir W. Beveridge, wehave sacrificedourhonour."

Con-Jag Elections.

"The CatholicTines"says:

"The very position which Mr. Eden condemned (we would not recognise a Government in Poland which we did not think representative) is accepted and hailed asatriumphant solutionof the Polish problem. iOnce againMoscow has triumphed. The practice of unilateralism has again seemed to be justified by results. From the point of view of Britain and America, we have witnessed agreater Munich.

What hope is there of free elections in Poland, for there has not emerged from 9foscow reports of anvgitarantee that the RedArmywillwithdraw,that the Polish police will keep orderunder the supervisionoftheAlliesasawhole, and not Russia only."

"The CatholicHerald" says:

"Perhapsthemostmelancholyaspect of the latestchapterofthesaleofFree Poland to Russia isthe reactionofthe freeBritishpress....The independent 'Time's and the Liberal 'Manchester Guardian' welcomed the deal in the usual unctuous language, used when one tries tosalve one's consciencethat one sells one's friend

Can you repair radios--small or large? If not,study the C.C.C.home• study Course. It ij comprehensive but easy to understand. Any manor boy without previous experience can learn to thoroughh understand all types of receivers by studying our lessons. Many ofour studentsconstruct their own sets.

Apamphlet,"Radio for theMillion," descrihing the Course will lx• supplied on request.

6.

OATHOLIC WOMEN'S LEAGUE, Executive meeting, Monday, August General meeting Monday, August 13. Cathedral Branch are hostesses on :August 13.

All members wilo ar

e submitting papers to be read at the Australian GeneralconferenceofCatholicWomen, to be held at Brisbane, are requested tohandtheminatthegeneralmeeting.

Awonderful response from all brancheshas been made to the U.N.R.R.A. Appeal. Alarge numberof members come in regularly to assist in packing and sortingtheexcellentgarmentssent in. Over700lbs. havealreadygone to the Prennantle depot. Ifighgate Branch i.a cull

tributing blankets as well. We thankallwhohelpedsogenerouslywith our cribblanket appeal.

Dunleavv:'Saturday, august 4; Sunflay, august12.

HIGHGATE HILLBRANCH.

The nextneeting will heheld in the Parish ilall on Thursday, August 9, at ;; p.m. All members and intending members interested in the U.N.R.R.A appeal for clothing, etc., are urged to attend.

GREATEXPECTATIONS.

SALESMANSHIP!

The uncrowded profession! After the war there should be many openings for the trained Salesman. Prepare for such positions now by sttudying with theC.C.C.

Our Cour<ein Salesmanshipand Personal Etliciency has been designed to help the individual overcome all those problems whichprevent success. With whatever typeofbusiness youare connected our lessons will develop your ability.

The feesareveryreasonable andcan be paid by easy monthly instalments.

Write, call or'phone B6010, 136561, for full details. No obligation

CityCommercial College .

OOMMZROL41 CORRESPONDENCE COLLEGE, SHEFFIELD HOUSE, 713.21 HAY STREET, PERTH.

Life would he poorer if people could not indulge in great expectations. This helps to

explain the popularity-

of Charities Consultations. Tickets are now on sale in the No. 269bConsulta. tion. First prize is£2,000.

P, ,„L:I.IIt

u,Inn,an UnlplPOli11 ,

11,.111"1U,I,I'll1,111.,11 ,

1,

Trotting Selections

By "THE HAWK."

GLOUOEISTER PARK.

Saturday, August1,1945.

W.A. Breeders' Handicap: Strettanex. 1; Royal Charter,2; Peterette, 3. Murray Handicap: Kwobrup Belle, I; David Globe, 2; Row•land's Boy, 3.

Narrogin Handicap: Wirra Roseitta, 1; Kato, 2; Mavis Royal, 1.

Pinjarra Handicap: Radiant Warrior, 1; Flora Lady, 2; Pearloro, 3. Wellington Handicap: Lin's Relic, 1; Lee Tennessee,2; Forest Dixie, 3 Arthur Ilandicap: Dixie Stretta, 1; Olive's Daughter, 2; Dad's Gift, 3. Wagin Handicap: Little Sheik, 1. Santa, 2; Neat Lu, 3.

Rosary Beads

3/•

No. 2. Black Composition Beads, round shaped, 13in.long.... 5/6

No.6.-BlackGalalite Beads.oval shaped, 17in. long....

.... 12/6

No. 3.-WhiteGlass Beads, round shaped, 14in. long........ 5/6

No, 4.-White Glass Beads, round shaped, l6in.long........ 8/6

No. 5.-ColouredshapedGalalite Beads, 17in. long (colours, red, blue, yellow and black)., 15/-

No. 7.-Oval shaped Pearl Beads, 15in. long

...... ....

No. 30-Round shaped Pearl Beads, 14in. long

.... 13/6

.... ...... 18/6

No. 56 Ovalshaped Pearl Beads, 16in. long...... 19/6

No.3C-Roundshaped PearlBeads, 15in. long........

•• .. 25/-

ROSARY CASES.

Leather Rosary Cases; size 3in, xNin., with MY ROSARY, nicely stamped in gold or silver onfront. Colours: Black, Blue, Pawn, Dark Brown andLight Brown••.......... 2/3each

MEDALS.

Beautiful silver-plated Medals; Min. diam,; subjects, Miraculous, Scapular, St. Christopher, and St.Therese..

.... ...... 8d.each

Pellegrini&Co.,Pty.Ltd.

775HAY STREET, PERTH (oppositePayand Gibson).

Atkinson —Adamson Wedding

At St. Mary's Cathedral, on 23rd. June, the marriage of Margaret Rose, second daughter of Mrs. M. Adamson, St.George'sTerrace, Perth,to Robert Braddock (P.O., R.A.N.), eldest son ofMr.and Mrs.E. J. Atkinson, Kelvin Crove, Brisbane, was solemnised by Rev.FatherJ.Rafferty.

The bride, who was givenaway by herbrother, Ron, looked very sweet inasimplegownofivoryslippersatin,andcarriedanarmfulofcameliasand lilies olithe valley. She was attendedby her sisters, Patricia and Helen, who lookedcharmingin aquabluetaffeta gownsdesigned on similarlines to that of thebride,theirflowersbeingdeep pink camelias and gladioli.

Thedutiesof best manandgroomsman were carried outbyGeoffrey Atkinson and James Manson, both of the R.-A.N.

The reception was held at the Oddfellows' Hall,,where the bride's mother welcomed alarge number offriends. Later in the evening the couple left for the South-West, the bridetravelling inasaxebluesuit with black accessories.

Dressed Poultry

READYFORTHE OVEN,ALWAYSAVAILABLE AT— MACFARLANE & CO. LTD.

48MURRAY STREET. 'PHONES: B3777; B1438

HOTELS — CAFES — TEAROOMS SUPPLIEDBY SPECIAL SERVICE.

— MILK — HONEY —BUTTER — BACON — ALLDAIRYPRODUCESUPPLIED. Dan White

Catholic

ri•l i•!;••!!I••••IIVi• Girls' c.s.M. MOVEMENT

Hoadgvartars and Club Rooms: Barak of N.S.W. Chambers, 65 St. GoorZe's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7.10, First Floor.

TELEPHONE: B48M.

CALENDAR OF •ACTIVITIES.

MONDAY:

Shorthand:5.15p.m.

TUESDAY:

Dressmaking: 5.30p.m.

Physical Culture: 5.45 p.m.-7.45 p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

Literary: 8p.m.(fortnightly).

WEDNESDAY:

Choir: 8p.m.

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m.

THURSDAY:

Mass: 8a.m.

Exposition:Allday.

Benediction:5.15p.m.

Liturgy: 8p.m.

DancingClasses:8pm. (fortnightly)

SATURDAY: Kalamunda 'Busy Bee, 1.15 p.m. bus. Basket Ball.

SUNDAY: Tennisat Robertson Park,2p.m.

BASKETBALL.

Justalittlereminder—basketballas per usual Saturday next—all players expected to be punctual---fixtures as hereunder:

"A" Grade—August 4, 1945:

Leederville v. Maylands, at Subiaco, 2p.m. Pat McGrade.

Highgate1v.Highgate2,atSubiaco, 3.30p.m. R. Hartley,

West Perth v. Mosmans, at Highgate, 2p.m. JoeyMaher. August 11. 1945.

Leederville v. Highgate 2, at Highgate, 2p.m. C. Malone.

Aaylands v. MSsmans, at Highgate, 3.30 p.m.

P. O'Neill.

Highgate 1, bye.

West Perth, bye,

"B"Grade—August4, 1945:

Subiaco 1v. Fremantle 2, at Ned. lands, 2p.m. Mary Connor.

Subiaco 2v. Fremantle 1, at Nedlands,3.30p.m. Al. Hegney.

Alidland v. Cathedral, at Highgate, 3.30 p.m. S. Fitzgerald.

Subiaco 3, bve.

August 11, 1945:

Subiaco 1v. Fremantle 1, at Nedlands, 3.30 p.m. Pat Rule.

Subiaco 2v. Subiaco 3. at Subiaco, 2p.m. Al. IIegney.

Fremantle 2v. Cathedral, at Nedlands, 2p.m. S. Fitzgerald. Midland,bye.

PHYSICAL CULTURE.

Siggs Reducing Tablets

THREE WEEKS'TREATMENT FOR4/10}.

Postage3}d. extra.

ABSOLUTELY HARMLESS.

PATRONISE AN<<OLD C.B.C. STUDENT

The "NYAL"Chemist PLAZA ARCADE PERTH

Usethe'Phone— B2848. FREECITYDELIVERY.

Swing your way to health at P.T. classes held even• Tuesdav in'the National Fitness Rooms. William-street, Perth. Clashes from 6.45 to 7.45. Fee of ls. is charged for the upkeep of showers, etc.

MARIAN ARTS GUILD AUGUST MEETING.

The August monthlymeeting willbe held at the Mc ess Hall, Pier-street, on Friday, August 10. This promises to be it very interesting evenin, and all members and friends are welcome.

LITERARYGROUP.

It's important for members to note that this activity has been changed toaMondayeveningfortnightly. Commencingon\fondav, July 30, at Sp.m. Rafflestoraise funds tohelppayoff the debt of"Marian Lodge" are being conducted at the present time by permission of"the Lotteries Commission. Acomplete Cream and Green En¢lish ChinaCoffeeSetand itbeautifulIfand,

worked Cream Afternoon Tea Cloth arebeingraffled atfid.perticket. Tickets may be obtained at the V^• ment Rooms,and anybodywho would like to sell abook may obtain same fromtheRooms. Theseraffleswillbe drawnonSeptember28next.

(Continued foot of next eoluma.)

Catholic Social Guild .

CATHOLICACTION AND SOCIAL . TEACHING.

The Popes of recent times, from Leo XIII. to the reigning Pope, Pius XII., have written Encyclical Letters which are often referred to as the So. cial Encyclicals,because the subject of them is the Social Question. In the most widely known of these, the Encyclical,"Remin Novarum," on the ConditionofLabour, Pope Leo XIII. laid down clearly the reasons why the Church speaks on the Social Question. Ile said:"We approach the subject with confidence, and in theexercise of the rights which belong to Us. For no practical solution of this question will ever be found without the assistance of religion and the Church. It is We who are the chief guardian of-religionandthechiefdispenserofwhat belongs to the Church, and We must not by silence neglect the duty which lies upon us. Doubtless this most serious question demands the attention and the efforts of others besides Ourselves—of the rulers of States, of employers of labour, of the wealthy, and of the working populatio n

themselves, for whom We plead. But We affirm(without hesitation that all the striving ofmenwill be invain if they leaveouttheChurch."

Nowadays the problems of the Social Question cry out for a solution, and various solutions are put forward by variou's people who claim to have thesolutionready, amongthem people who constitute apotent force in the modem world. It is the business of the Church—part of her Apostolate— to insistthat, in thesolution,the true principles of Social Justice be safe. guarded. And the Church does not cease to proclaim these principles, through the Papal Encyclicals and other Papal pronouncements, and through the statements of the Hier. archy in thevarious countries. They are the subject of books by Catholic authors and of articles in Catholic newspapers,

But atrue understanding of the meaning of these principle's must be brought home to the Catholic laity. Otherwise the value of all thatis said and.written is not realised. Anyone can sit and listen, just as anyone can gotoapictureshow. Theonlydifference is that the cinema has moved practical effect in the lives of most people.

This again is part of the objective of Catholic Action—to make our Catholic people understand and appreciate the Social Teaching of the Church—and to make them willing and eagerto help put it into practice. Catholic Action provides the means and the opportunity. It istip to Catholic men to seine that opportunity.

ANNUAL BRIDGE PARTY.

Members, parents. and friends are asked to watch this column for particulars, which will be announced as soon as arrangements are finalised.

CANTEEN DATES.

Phyllis Dean: August 12 and 21: September 6and 15.

DevastatingAttackonNazismByGermanArchbishop ... Savage Sentences of Peopl'e's Courts

Wholesale Murder to Keep the Nordic

Stock Pure

Hatred Unleashed Against Christianity

One of the most devastating attacks and unqualified indictments of the Nazi regimeever tobe madebyaGerman so far has been uttered by nigr. Konrad Groeber, Archbishop of Freihurg in Bresigau, inapastoral of9,000 words, which he issued on Slay 31.

Without any reservations, -

the Arch. bishop exposes the savage crimes4

committed tinderthe Ifitler regime,andhe declares categorically that it was the full intention of National-Socialism to exterminate the Catholic Church in Germany and plunge the nation into paganism.

The latter half of the Bishop's message is devoted to an appeal to Germail Catholics to repair, to the best of their ability, the ravages, material and spiritual, brought by the seven years of the Nazi regime and the war; and he calls upoi the Allied Powers not to indulgeinapolicyofvengeanceagainst the German people as awhole--apolicy, he says, that-would react to the desolation of Europe as awhole—but to helpandencourage theChristian restoration of the Reich.

The Bishop begins his pastoral with the admissionthatexpiationwillbedemandedofthe German people tomake good the crimes committed by the old regime, but adds:

"There is, however, one ray of hope left to its: we can prove to the victors by our convictions that alarge proportion of the nation cannot be held responsible for the crimescommitled h}• the regime before andalso during the war, and that, on the contrary, we were regarded a', enemies of the people in our homeland, enemies ,

who were deprived of their freedom; impeded in their activities and dishonoured, and on whom,after thetear, it new ideology was to have been imposed b}• force or who were to have been exterminated.

Bishop Grocher then lists the more hcinOus of the Nazis' crimes. This is what he says:

People'sCourts,

"There were German men—priests and officers—against whom the People's Court< turned out astream of mass-prnduced sentences. Perhaps they were torturer) and stran:,led in the most horrifving manner, only beeiuse, for strategical reasons, they thought that the German people anri State would be better server) by a timely peace than by the fanatical continuation of the war.

"There were men of alien races who, w,thmil anv guilt and Only because no Aryan blood flowerin their veins,were pit 1,-c ,

1into cattle trr.t nee to the East and who were murdererl in their thousands: there were poor Poles who, deported to Germany for forced lahmur, had frequenth• committed apetty crime and were then hanger). Whatof iustice, then,if theft committed Out of real want was sufficient for the death penalty' Was it not the height of cruelty that acurious crowd was brnutght together to witness thc•c executions of Poles? All this was sanctinnedby this'new faith,' by this Germanic virtue of hardness, this devilish urge for vengeance and this obtuse fanaticism which caused men to trifle with the livesof theirfellow-men as if they were god-like, absoiote masters."

Euthanasia.

"But our own German, innocent blood was notspared. Thev called it

Matter for inclusion in parochial notes and reports of Catholic orrsnfsations must be in band byeach Thins day to ensare publication in the current issues of "rho Record"

euthanasia—in German 'to assist death'--+when they tried, again feeling themselves lords over all lives, to get hold ofall those and to kill thosewho, from birth, or through disease, were disabled, or mentally not absolutely healthy, perhaps owing to ahead injury received in the last war.In those cases families were told lies, that their relations had'unfortunately died' from pneumonia or some other disease.

"Mental asylums with many hundreds of inmates were emptied in this manner all over the country. Homes in which the admirable spirit of the Sisters of Jlerc•y looked after the phy sical needsof countless children, developing them spiritually at the same time, iwere raided by the Gestapo in lorries, into which these poor children were packed with brute force and blows like cattle destined for the slaughter house, despite thenr struggling and pitiful weeping, only to kill them offmvsteriously,eitherwithsome lethal poison or by electric current.

"Nfvrepresentationsagainstthispractice were in vain. The \laden Nlinistry of the Interior, on whose instructions this euthanasia-was carried out, even dared to reply that it knew nothing about it."

"Helpful Death."

"At the same time, the Helpful Death practice was begun in hospitals of the large cities. Cases ca

me toour knowledge of men and women doctors, bereft of conscience, who under the guise of analgesic or soporific medicine admini>tercd alethal injection to their brave patients. including mothers and bravefightingmen of this war. They were not people with benighted mind~ but perfectly normal patients whose complaintsdid not, in the doctor'spreconceived opinion, afford:uty prospect df cure,although one of theirmost eflicient colleagues who treated those patients at the time alliruned the opposite, anri washorrified tosee theempty buds.

"When ifought against this practice as well, aiiealth Officer advised his departmentinadocument—which accidentally found it: wav into my hands that it was,

now 'high tithe to put a•:top to the machinations of that onenv of the people. Freiburg'."

Abcrtfans.

"Final)}, the practira of admitting to the hospitals expectant mothers from P.0ruld and Russia w'as adopter) anrialortionscarried out on them.The nursing Personnel was toll that the paticnts had given their consent, althou¢h they dirt not know aword of German, and no interpreter was used. Ihe purpwowasoil• too obvious, conthe policy of the defunct reyinte that the enemy must be harmed whereverhe isencountered.

"This maxim also served to justify the appalling crime of cutting the throats of wounded enemy fighting men, or finishing off parachutists who made an unlucky landing by shooting them in thenape of the neck."

At this point the Bishop comments:

"I do not exaggerate when Isay that never inhuman history was the end deemed to sanctify the means to such an extent as during the last thirteen years: and neverwas the natural voice Of protesting conscience stifled so methodically by eleborate principles. Had the Great Warbeencrownedby aGerman victory, then the German virtue of hardness, the fanatical hatred, and the guiding maxim that for the sake of the peopleall means, even the most despicable, are legitimate, would have brought great execution to us. Chris-

tians, especially those whostillhadthe courage to declare publicly:'Onemust notkill, by any means, any man without heavy guilt'."

Going on to describe the havoc and murderous death roll of the air raids, Bishop Graeber unveils another example ofGerman callousness.

No Raid Warning.

"The time is probably not distant," he says,"when we shall publicly indict those who knew halfaday in advance of the threatening disaster and its causes, which were located on thisand the other bank of the Rhine, and yet who did nothing to warn the population." He described how, in the day of the impending raids, the trams ran as usual, cinemas were open, restaurants filling, conferencesassembling,and civil servants, men and women, at work. Ileanwhile 'those who knew saved oniv themselves and the most valuable of their possessionsto take refuge in the safe Schlossberg Bunker, from the sheltered security of which one could heartheterriblethunderand imagine how the town everywhere was blazing and burning to cinders."

The Bishop reminds the German people of the legacy left to them by the Hitlerregime,despiteitsassurances of making them "great and rich and more powerful than all other nations." He speaks of the ruined cities and building's, the vawning graces, the destruction-of pricelesscultural treasures.

He adds:

"Furthermore, thev attempted by even• means, including the most despicable, to bring to oblivion, or even to exterminate, the nation's spiritual character, baptised by Christ and grown great and dominant by His teaching and grace; thus in order to drum into ourmindsatotallydifferent philosophy,aGermanone,astheysaid, butwhich provedtobetheexactoppo. site of the German character. _ Anti-Christian Hatred.

"Young people, vulnerable to propaganda and lacking in judgment and inner support, were SO fundamentally alienated fron the Christian faith that one who had reason to know described the effect in these words:'Sometimes, when talking to these youths, one is frightened by the force of hatred against Christianitv which goes out from these youngpeople.' OtherCom. mandments took the place of the Divine Commandments and mostly contained the oppnsite of the Two Tables of Sinai, and the demands of the natural conscience.

"What a terrible nation we would have grown to be had the now philosoph}-

-as wn• intended—really entered Our very flesh and blood! Many centuries, not onl• of Christian, but also of general culture, would have thus ]wen extinguished. A weird colossus of iron andsteel,with sword and whip, the svmhols ofwar and destruction. TIP castigation,of subjection, and exploitalion of others, would have stood out frighteningh•againstothernations. The rrosses would have disappeared from spires and stone monuments; already the svmhol of salvation preceding the name of the deceased had been rejected and replaved by the pagan Rune. Churches would have been turned into cinemas and theatres, the whole Christian past would have been derided and torn out of the consciousness and reverence of the maces. Such plans did in all reality exist. They were really '\larle in Germain.' manufactured in Germanv. and were not at all the product of an anti-German imagination. The programme, wholly conforming with the views of Friedrich Nietzsche, existed, was not merely planned on paper. Again and again one could read that the Reformation in the sixteenth centun• had only done half the work: though it freed its from Rome. it freed us not of the Tew Christ and His God."

Turning to the future, the Bishop says:

withall the duties itdemandsof us. A mighty task is awaiting us. Shallwe master it? To this Ianswer, though timorously, yes. One isable notonly to rebuild shattered houses and towns and extinguish the disfiguring scare from the face of the tortured world: one can also rouse and revive adefeated and down-trodden nation.

ElectionsNot Free.

"Perhaps' some pessimist here will object and say that those who vanquished us desire our complete ruin.

But my answer is to refer to statements by leading personages, which clearly read very differently. Despite everything, the German people as a whole would not deserve such afate.

The results of election in this respect areofnoaccount. Theywerenotfree.

That aMeat part of the German people did not adhere with love and lu7alty to the system, the spokesmen of the Third Reich had again and again to admit in their speeches. when they threateningly spokeof the'unteachable ones,'of theenemiesofthepeople, who were going tobedealtwitheither then or at the latest after the near. This atteRfpt to spread alarm, however, was ineffective..

"Will the victorious Powers give us relief and assistance in agenerous in. ternational policy? Can we escape a terrible distress which would inevitably drive us into the arms of despair?"

The Bishop declares that apolicy of vengeance "wouldbringaboutanenormous danger for the rest of the Christian world," and quotes the dictum of St. Paul: "If one member suffers, all the others suffer with it.

But he tellstheGerman people what they themselves must do:

"A new sort of community spirit must inspire us in this endeavour: a real people;$,community, wielded toeither by theirpredicament, notmerely anational slogan or apolitical programme. The contrasts which we fcrmerly Overcame by compromises and which then proved to be disastrous through an exageerated Partv system aspiring to complete power should be prevented from the outset. Nordic Man.

"Also, the proud Nordic man must no loner—in almost naive presumption—regard himself as the crown of creation as compared with the Southern Germans and other human beings. Tic must learn from history and from the suffering of the present day that Germany's redemption does not come from the North, but—speaking in areliginus sense—from the East.

"The modern, noisy German who took pleasure in the applause and clamour of a gullible crowd must againbecomequiet,againintrospective, content with spiritual valuesandjoys.

"But weneednotonlyvisiblereparation, we also need all that which springs from afundamentally Chris• tian attitude forthe sltaningofaChris. tian life and which will make avital contribution towards the recuperation and cultural recovery ofour people.

"The sanctity of matrimnun• and dignity of virginhood shall again be tmshakahle law. Alas! How were those laws not spurned and violated and even contested nn the grounds ofprinciple. Did itreallynot dawnon them how immeasurably great is the loss of apeoplein which matrimonial faithfulness hasceased tohe valid,themaiden has forgotten what it is toblush hashfully andconductherselfwithdecorum, while the vouthseeks asthe highest reward of hanpiness thesexual pollution of his imagination and the sinful appeasements of physical instincts.

"But one Tknots who can cure our people completely and strengthen it for anew Christian life: Christ, the Divine Good Samaritan, Who never forsook the,neople that believed and trusted in Him."

f. Christians, represent to-dav,

"The 'hopelessly antiquated; as they called I

Flue Pipes forstoves, Bath Heaters Rvd Pavinc and Green House Pafnte. Hassou's,169 Wellington street.

"HOME ININDIANA,"

This current city dttraction photographed in technicolour with some of the prettiest background scenery I have seen on the screen to date, is one of the surprise hits of this year. It makespleasantentertainment, viewed from almost every angle.

Indiana, as any Allied serviceman will tell yoic, is one of the three "horse" States of the U.S.A., and the story adapted from one by Buchanan Chamberlain, published in the"Saturday Evening Post," deals with the trotting game. It is the story of a young boy's intense love of horses and an old-timer's come-back to the game afteranabsence of ISyears.

WalterBrennan,as.thelatter,contributes an outstanding characterisation, and Lon McAllister, as the young spirited stable lad and driver, is a new-comer withrealabilityandapleasant personality. Two other young stars, Jeanne Crain and June Haver, assist McAllister to steal the show from therestofthecast. Each gives acapable performance in widely contrasting parts. Charlotte Greenwood is also deserving of mention.

The story is asimple homely study, shed of phoney dramatic situations and false sentiment. After the spate of war films that are still flooding the film market to-day, "Home in Indiana" is very welcomeescapist fare. —"GROUCHO."

TWOGULLS1ANDASAILOR.

,

Dismissing the usual improbabilities that are associated with almost all films with amusical background, this film is fairly entertaining, and moves at agood pace throughout. It tells of twodevotedsisters,Patsy and Jean Deyo, who have been variety artists since childhood. They open acanteen for service men, and here they entertain asailor(Van Johnson), who is really John Dyckman Brown III., amillionaire to boot,but unknown as such to the sisters. The girls' wishes to extend their canteen are always miraculouslyfulfilled, and theirefforts, combined with Jimmy Durante, who incidentally reveals real talent as a comic, to identify their secret benefactor, result in manyhumorous situations. Within ten minutesanyone in the audience knows whichgirltwill get the sailor eventually. but it took Van Johnson,who neverappearstobe very mentally alert, approximately 150 minutes to discover who will be Mrs. John Dyckman BrownIII.

FREMANTLEBY-ELECTION

He stands for afree Australia —not for Communism or for Socialism.

He has fought for Australia— and still desires toserveher.

He stands for Fremantle.

The musical side of the film is not without interest, and awide range of items is presented with varying success. The mostsatisfying was afine soloby thetenor,Ampora Novarro. A pleasant surprise was Harry James' "Estrellita" as atrumpet solo. Gracie Allen gave aclever satire of apiano concerto, using an index finger to perform the solo part, under the desper. ate-conducting of the well known AlbertCoates. Fromamusicalpointof view the most disappointing presentation was De Falla's brilliant"Ritual Fire Dance," arranger] as apianoforte duet and played by Jose Iturbi.and his sister. With Isador Goodman's amazing playing of this fiery clashing dance still very vivid in one's mind, I found the duet strangely anaemic and unsatisfying. The Iturbi's have more nerve than verve, as the composition 'was condensed to about athird of its original length. Poker-faced Virginia O'Brien and coloured singer Lena Horne contributed their usual unmusical offerings, and the Deyo sisters' vocal duet,"Sweet and Lovely," was somethingverydifferentfromwhatthe title implied. June Allyson and Gloria deHavenare notexactlyapair of Bernhardts,ifyouget what imean, vet their performances in the title roles were adequate.

—"GROUPH0."

"SWEET ALOES."

Fine Talent in Salacious Play.

The first thing to be said about Jay Mallory's"Sweet.floes," now in production at the Repertory Theatre, is that it is athoroughly immoral piece. Itneedhardlybesaidin thesecolumns that thatattitude which tries tojudge aplay purely from the standpoint of artisticvahiesand toprescind from its moral implicationsis among the major lunacies. At first blush it might appear that Belinda Warren's adultery isatonedforbytheremorsewhichclogs her for years after her trans-Atlantic marriage. But rennorse need not be far removed frommorbid self-pity, and has no necessary connection with contritionorevenattrition. Andofthese dispositions there is no single hint in the whole play.

In thefirstact abortion is ircely dkcussed as asolution to Geunniispredicament, as if it were amatter of normal behaviour. The girl declines. nut for moralreasons, but 1-weause she "just can't hear the thong(it" Similarly, when the affair of a disgraced serving girl is under discussion, the pagan Tubbs Barrow blurbs:"She had inas muchrighttoher•emotimnal experiences as you have."

Thi; reviewer noted with regret that this unsavoury fare was lapped up avidly by asection if the auflience, whosesniggeringat timescouldonlyhe attributed to dirty-mindedness. 0temporn! 0mores!

It must redoundsolidly to thecredit of the producer, Marjorie SteeleSmith, and it is ncompliment, too, to the splendid effortsofacast ofexceptional talent that out of such unpromising material was forged aplay in which technical excellence greatly minimised the rawnessofthescript. Thishappy result was chiefly attributable to Mr. Harold Harvey's handling of the role of Tubbs Barrow. His buoyancy, humour andfinestage presenceelevated apart which in other handsmight easily have been interpreted in avery sinister manner indeed.

The undisputed honours of the play must. however.-go to\Piss Roma Jov Williams, whose performance as Belinda Warren most rank in the very forefrontofamateurachievement. The draggingofthefirstsceneinActI.was duerathertoitspoorconstructionthan to anv fault in the playing. But it w•as in the second and third acts that Miss Williams found and made her great opportunities.

Belinda Warren, having yielded her child to Lord and Lndv Farrington

(for my young Lordship is the villain of the piece), is depicted as aselfish, neurotic woman married to awealthy, hospitableAmericanbusinessman,Jim Ilaker. Miss Williams gives asuperb, psychological study of this part with theadventitiousaidsofcharmingdressing and good sets. Her senseof frustratiun, evidenced by increasing irritability with manicurist and osteopath and hertvnreasoningpiqueandchanges ofmood,betraytheinhibitedmindand finally lead almost to a rupture of maritalrelations. InallthisMissWilliams is faultless, her poise and polish giving promise of really exceptional histrionic ability. When one recall, her jauntiness in "The First Mrs. Fraser," one is also struck by her versatility.

Miss Kay Kinane, as Florence (Bones) Cudahy, gave a thoroughly satisfying performance, combining the free manners of the sophisticjted American(woman with the shrewd insight and hard-headedness that one acquires by coming up the hard way in alarge city. Especially good was her mastery of thatmysteriouslydiverse thing —the American accent,thesoftburred variety she chose being very pleasing to the ear.

As -

Jim Baker, Mr. Ron Evans was an

admirable foil forI11issWilliams.In easyand competent fashion hegave a sympathetic interpretation of the anxious husband and the open-hearted host. ibis American accent, too, was _ authentic and well sustained, recalling vividlytheIrishdiasporaintheStates.

Theminorpartswerealsoadequately filled. Pat White played agracious LadyFarrington. MissCondon,asthe maiden aunt, was suitably grim and uncompromising. fir. Howard Smith, in the double rolesof Lord Farrington, Senior and junior, conveyed asufficient sere of degeneracy, on the one hand, and insignificance on the other.•As Miss Dodd, Miss Wyndham was inclinedtoover-act. Servant roleswere filled by Nancy Firth, CoralieMcInnes, NormanGood,and Joy D'Arcy Evans.

Aspecial word of commendation mustgoto Marjorie Steele Smith. as producer, for the wonderfully smooth runnings of Acts Ii. and III., and for that seeming naturalness which it is theartofartto conceal. —PENSEROSO.

T

"THE SUSPECT."

Another Laughton Triumph.

CharlesLaughton, who fillsaspecialIv carved niche in the screenhierarchy of the dav, is at his very hest in the film nowshowing at thePiccadilly.

Laughton is essentially 5 dramatic actor: but his drama isnot thedrama Ifactiom not the swift unfolding of a seriesofbreath-taking adventures. His :s thedramaofsuspense,thesubtle representation of inner conflict, thepsy- cinotogical study of emotions, the complete mastery of self in the face ofadversity. Ile gave avery fine demonstration of hie powers in afilm which avill always live in memory—"The Barrctts of Wimpole Street"—and he reproduces the same delightful technique in"The Suspect."

ihavehearditsaidofLaughtonthat he isalways thesame, that his personnlity istoo big toallow him to lose it in acharacter study. ithink there is agreat deal of justice in the charge, lint that doesn't make me admirehim anv the less Laughton isabig man —inmorethan oneway—andwhilehis personality retains the hypnotic force that makes him styh acompelling figure in"The Suspect," iwill he happy to number nivself among his fans.

"TheSuspect" isnotable alsoforfine acting byanumberofother players— in fact, the high standard of acting is so wellmaintainedandsoevenlydistri-'hated, that one involuntarilythinksof thefilmasafirst-ratestageplayrather thanascreen composition.EllaRaines, the beautiful girl who plays opposite Laughton, is to he complimentedboth on her appearance and on her intelli• 4,

nt performance. It is along time since beautv and brains have been so happily united on the screen.

Viewed dispassionately from the artistic angle,"The Suspect" is amajor achievement for director Robert Siodmak.

—DE GUSTiBUS.

Special Graces Obtainable Through Them

In instituting the sacraments Christ @tid notdeterminethe matterand form @town to the slightest detail, leaving this task to the Church, which should determine what rites were suitable in the administration of the sacraments. 'rhese rites are indicated by ,

the word "Sacramentalia," the object of which is to manifest the respect.due to the sacrament and to secure the sanctification of the faithful. They belong to widely different categories, e.g., substance, in the mingling of water with Eucharistic wine; quantity, in the tripe baptismal effusion; quality, in the condition of unleavened bread; relation, in the capacity of the minister; timeand place, in feast-days and churshes:habit,in the liturgicalvestments; posture, in genuflexion, prostrations; action. in chanting, etc. So many external conditions connect the sacramentals with the virtue of religion, their object being indicated by the Council of Trent,that it is asserted' that apart from their ancient origin and traditional maintenance ceremonies, blessings,lights, incense,etc., enhance the dignity of the Holy Sacrifice and arouse the piety of the faithtul. Moreover the sacramentals help to distinguish the members of the Church from heretics,who have done away with the sacramentals or use them arbitrarily and with little intelligence.

Sacramental rites are dependent on the Church which established them, and which therefore has the right to maintain, develop,modify, or ?,urogate them. The ceremeriot regulation of ',ne sacraments in Apostolic times is sufficiently proved by the words of St. Paul to the Corinthians with regard totheEucharist:"TherestIwillsetin order when Icome (I. Coe., xi., 34), which St. Augustine suppose's to refer to the obligation of the Eucharistic fast. The Fathers of the Church enumerate ceremonies and rites, some of which were instituted by the Apostles, others by the early Christians. The Catholic Church, which is the heiress of the Apostles, has always used and maintainer) against heretics this power over sacrimentals. To her and to her alone belongs the right to determine the matter, form• and minister of the sacramentals. The Church, that is, the supreme authority- represented ha• its visible head, alone legislates in this matter, because the bishops no longer have in practice the power to modify or abolish by aparticular legislation what is imposed on the universal Church. What concerns the adminis. tration of the sncraments is contained in detail in the Roman Ritual and the Episcopal Caeremnniale.

.%partfrom theceremoniesrelatingto the administration of the sacraments the Church has instituter) others for the purpose of private devotion. To distin^wish l,etween them, the latter are named sacramentals because of the resemblance between their rites and those of the sacraments properly soralled. To ancient timesthe term sacrament almte was used, but numerous ,onfusiens rculted and the similarity of rites and termsled manv Christians to regard hoth as sacraments. After Peter Lofnbnrd the use and definition of the word "sacramental" had afixed character sncl was exchtsively applicable to those rites presenting an external resemhlance to the sacraments but not anplicable to the sensible signs of Divine institution. At pre. sent the term "sacramental" is exclu. sively resemed for those rites which are practised apart from the administration of the seven sacraments, for which the word ceremonies is used.

The numberof the sacramentalsmay not be limited; nevertheless, the at.

tempt has been made to determine their general principles or rather applications. Public prayer, whether liturgical or private; the use of holy water and the unctions in use at van0119 consecrations; the eating of blessed foods; the general avowal of faults which is 1iade in the Confiteor recited at S1ass, at Communion, .in the Divine Office; alms; papal and episcopal blessings, etc., blessings of candles, ashes, palms, etc., are common examples. Another distinction elmssifies sacramentals according to whether they are acts, e.g., the Confiteor mentioned above, or things, such as medals, holy water. etc. The sacramentals do not produce sanctifying grace, by virtue of the rite or substance employed, and this constitutes their essential difference from the sacraments. TheChurch is unable to increase or reduce the number of sacraments as they were instituted by Christ, but the sacramentals do not possess this dignity and privilege. Theologians do not agree as to whether thesacramentals may conferanyother grave through the disposition of the one who uses them, but the negative opinion is more generally followed, for as the Church cannot confer sanctifying grace nor institute signs thereof, neither can she institute efficacious signs of the other graces which God alone can give. Moreover,as experienee teaches, the sacramentals do not infallibly produce their effect. Finally in theformulas of the sacramentals the Churchmakes use, not of affirmative, but of deprecatory expressions, which shows that she looksdirectly to Divine mercy for the effect.

Besides the efficacy which the sacramentals possess in common with other good works they have aspecial efficacy of their own. If their whole value proceeded from the "opus operantis," all external good works could be called sacramentals. The special virtue recognised by the Church and experienced by Christians in the sacramentals should consist in the official prayers whereby we implore God to pour forth special graceson those who make use of the sacramentals. These prayer's move God to give graces which ife would not otherwise give, nod when not infallibly acceded to it is for reasons known to His Wisdnm. r.od iq aware of the measure in which He should bestow TTiq rifts, All the sacramentalshave not thesame effect: this cicpendq on the prayer of the ("hnrrh which does notmakeuseofthe sane ttrecno• nor have rernursc to the same Divine sources of merit. Some sacramentals derive no snrcial efficary from the prover of the Church: sorh are thntp which nre emploved in w•nrsh;n withnut ablessing, or even with aHeesinc which does not specifv any pnrtiruler fruit This is the rage with the hlessine of ves<els meant to contain thr hnlw 0: : "Givecar to mfr nrayers'most merrifol Father and "eien to hless nod canrt;ry these n+ri find veosels nrenared for the useof the sacred ministr- of Thv Church" On the other hand. some sacramentals, nmone them one of those most irenucntly used, hnly .cater are the ob. ;ert of ahenedirt;nn which details their particular effects.

Euthenasia Enthusiasts and Nazis Agree

Shortlyafter the storiesofthe atroci• ties at Buchenwald and Dachau horri. fied the whole world, acaptured Ger. roan doctor,Gustav •Vilhem Schuebbe, told how from 110,000 to 140,000 per. sons "unworthy to live" were killed duringthe nine months hehad worked :;t Fier Dr. Schuebbe remarkedwith ccmplete scientific detachment, "Istill maintain that, just as one prunes a fleeby removingold, undesirable branches in the spring, so for its own interest acertain hygienical supervision of the body of apeople is necessary from time to time."

Simultaneously, in America in are. centlystarted monthly magazine, there appeared an article written by Emile Schurmacher, posing the question,"Is the takingof human life to end suffering justifiable?" A-

reading of the article would foster an affirmativeanswer. Heart-breaking cases of incurable, tormented sufferers are related. Testimony of doctorsis marshalled:"I have seen thousands of cases of incurable patients suffering the torments of the damned, cases where the practice of euthanasia would be a blessing." Euthanasia or mercy-killing(the posi• tive hastening of death) becomes "medicalmercy."

Fundamentally, Mr. Schurmacher, if he subscribes to the doctrine of mercy killing as his article would lead us to believe,isstandingonthesameground as Dr. Schuebbe and theNazis. The motive of one is sentimental humanitarianism. The motiveoftheotheris thecommongood. Theonewouldkill those.who suffer without hope of cure to put them outof theirmisery, aswe

may receive the heavenly blessing in order that all those who kneel before it andimploretheDivineMajestymay be granted great compunction and a general pardon of faults committed. This means remission of venial stns. for the sacraments alone,with perfect contrition, possess theefficacy toremit mortal sins and to release from the penaltiesattachedtothem.St.Thomas isal

explicit on this point:"The episcop blessing,the aspersion of holy water, every sacramental unction, prayer in adedicated church, and the

One of the mnst reinarkable effects of sa^ramentals is the virtue to drive away evil spirits whnse mysterious and balefuloperationsaffect sometimes thepsysical activity ofman Tocomhat this occult rower the Church has recourse toexorcism and sacramentals. :Another effect is the delivery of the soul from sin and the penalties therefor. Thus in the blessing of across the Church asks that this sacred sign

would asick dog or cat, and to spare their loved ones the need of helplessly watching. The other would kill the hopelessly incurable td relieve society of aburden. But both would take upon themselves the right to preside overlife and death. Both would say, to put it more nearly accurately, that, the state by its laws should give this right. ]loth would say that the state hasthepower togivethisright.

And both arewrong forthe identical reason. The state has no right toauthorise the killing of any incurable. Thestatehasnorighttogiveanysuch authorisation because the right to life isoneofthoseinalienablehumanrights that is independentofandprecedesthe formation ofanystate. Notethefact that it is an inalienable human right— one that cannotbe taken away by the state nor givenawaybytheindividual. God alone hascomplete dominion over man. God alone is the Lord of life and death. That is why murder or suicide is never justfiable.,

It is hard to see loved ones ;offer. It is understandable how, once Chris tian principles are forsaken suffering loses all meaning. Christ agonising on the cross was astumbling block to the Jews and totheGreeksfoolisbnesa

It should also be madeunderstandable to the misguided euthanasia enthusiaststhat iftheyaffirmforthestatethe right to kill incurables they mustalso affirm the right to kill undesirables. They must stopbeingshockedbyNaef brutality and face the fact that they and the Nazis are in pagan principle one. Grant the principle and both conclusions follow.

like, effect the remissionof venial sins. implicitly or explicitly." Finally, the sacramentals may be employed to ob• twintemporalfavours,since theChurch herself blesses objects made use of in every-day life,e.g., the blessing of a house on which is called down the abundance of heavenly dew and the rich fruitfulness of the earth;so-likewise in the benediction of the fields, in which God is asked to pour down His blessings on the harvests,so that the wants of the needy may be supplied by the fertile earth.

Established 1574.

OfficialOrganof the Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressall communicationstothe Editor,BoxA35,G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, I'ER:H. TELEPHONE: B6950.

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 1, 19.35.

Welcome the Y.C.W.

The meeting at the Christian Brothers' College during-

last week has resulted in the formation in this Archdiocese of the Young Christian Workers' Movement. That incident in local happenings uiay appear asmall news item, but judged from the hill-top of experience, it assumes amagnitude that compels attention. We address ourselves to the Catholic fathers and mothers, and ask them to consider the question: What is tobecome ofyour sons during those dangerous years of adolescence, when the school gates close behind hint, and no association awaits him? Is all that he has gained at aCatholic school to be at the mercy of thewindsofcriticismsand sensuality that blow strongly aboutthe knots of young nten who (lo ourstreetseach evening? isso precious aheritage light],' tobe cast away?

R

r • +

What is that heritage, 11hick your son is heir to? Your son, by his haptisntal birthright, is heir to the dreams of Dante 111(1 the stigmata of 5t. hrancis: the philosophy of tit. Thonlas, and the battle flags of Lepanto are his by right of succession. In Route. he tnny walk in the footsteps of St. Peter, and ,with him whisper: "Ono Vadis,Domine?"—and in thedungeon; of the Mamertine,It(may stand again with St. Paul. He ,will perceive in the vastness of St. Peter's the genius of Michael

Angelo; and in the grandiose precincts of the Vatican, he play enjoy, as ason in his father's house. the art of Raphael. Those Cathedrab-, of Europe, those marbles, and those \Madonnas of the Renaissance. belong. in a most intimate sense, to your sou—to this Catholic youth who conies to them from afar-a,vay land, aland unknown to civilised man when these imperi4ahle works ,sere wrottgltt. They are his, because every one of the masters whose names are inscribed on this golden page of human culture, professed that Faith of faiths that he possesses; the lips of each of these giants ofhuman intellect and achievement moved in the identical Creed that he learned at his mother's knee.

CATHOLIC TO HEAD GOVERNMENT OF BAVARIA

Freidrich Schaeffer, who has just been appointed by the Allied Military GovernmentasthenewPremierofBavaria. is knownas astaunch Catholic, who tookafirmstandagainsttheNazi regime ever since Adolf Hitler's'rise topower.

In aspeech he delivered on Febru. ary 4, 1933,aahenheservedasMinister for Finance in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Held, ofBavaria, he denounced the"anti-Catholic trend" prevailing among those responsible for the down. fallof Reich Chancellor HeinrichBrue• ning.

Three weeks later, speaking at Nuremburg, he declared that he would have the Reich Commissioner, whpm the Nazi regime planned to send from Berlin, arrested at the border of Bavaria if he actually tried to come to Munich, the Bavarian capita}. CatholicViews.

Mr. Schaeffer, who never concealed his monarchist sympathies and, for this reason, was confined to concentration camps several times, always was strongly in favour of Bavarian auton. omy. Like most members of the Bavarian People's Party, their basic policies closely resembled those of the CatholicCentre Party, which was headed by such men as Dr. Bruening and Monsignor

Ludwig Kass. ,

The appointment of Mr. Schaeffer follows closely that of Hans Fuchs, -another leading German Cathoic, as head of the civiladministration in the Rhineland. Fuchs was installed in his office at Bonn on June 7. The former Reich Chancellor, Wilhelm Marx, who was acandidate for the Reich presidency against Paul von Hindenburg in the elections of 1925, .was the main speaker. The former Chancellor also was amember of the Catholic Centre Party.

SENATOR DIDN'T MISS MASS

Truman Stopped 'Plane.

How President Truman stopped an Armybomberflyingonanon-stopmis-

. sion in order that aSenator should not miss 'Mass, is retold by the New York "Catholic News,"quoting Caswell Adams, International News Service Staff Correspondent, whoin aseries of articles on President Truman, records the incident in discussing the new Chief Executive's attitude toward reli. gion.

"One Sunday Truman, Senators Burton ofOhio,hatch ofNew Mexico, and Jim \Mead of New York, were fly. ing in an Army homber on Truman Committee business, non-stop to Los Angeles. Senator Mead said:'IIarry, t!itill be the firstSundav in yearsthat vemissed Mass. Wedon'tgetinuntil afternoon.' Mr. Truman strolled forward to the pilot and said:'If von see an airport near atown atwwhere along here, iwish vou'd drop down.' Soon the'plane taxied the Albuquerrluc strip, and as it came to astop oetir the gates, Mr. Truman turned to Senator Mead 'Tim,' he said,'you're not going tomissMacs ,

"

COO

Arcoaiocege

AR+CBIBLSHOP'BENGAGEIMIENTE

August5:

10.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High Mass at the Redemptorist Monastery, North Perth.

3p.m.: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation atSt. Thomas' Church, Claremont.

August8:

10 a.m.: St. Patrick's, Fremantle: Preside at Solemn High Mass, on the occasion of the Annual Plain Chant Festival(Fremantle Section).

August 9:

10 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral: Presideat SolemnHighMass,on theoccasion of the Annual Plain Chant Festival(Perth Section).

August 19: Receive debutantes at the Annual Catholic Ball.

Living With theChurch

Augmt 5—Ninth Sunday after Pentecost(Green): Mass proper. 2nd, prayer of St, Mary of the Snow. 3rd. prayer for 'peace. Creed. Preface of the Trinity. Last Gospel of St. Mary of the Snow.

August 6—The Transfiguration of Our Lord (White):

.Massproper. 2nd.prayerforpeace. Creed. Preface of the Nativity. August 7--St. Cajetan, Confessor (White):

!Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Donatus. 3rd. prayer for peace. August "S. Cyriacus,Largus and Smaragdus,Martyrs(Red): Ma". proper. 2nd, prayer"Acunctis." 3rd. prayerfor peace. August 9—(VigilofSt. Laurence), St. John Mary Vianney,Confessor (White): Mass "Os itfsti." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd.prayeroftheVigil. 3rd. prayer of St. Romanus. 4th. prayer for peace. Last Gospel of the Vigil. —OR— MassoftheVigil(Violet). NoGloria 2nd.prayerofSt.JohnVianney. 3rd. prayer of St. Romanus. 4th. prayer for peace. August 30--St. Laurence, Martyr (Red):Mass proper. No Creed. 2nd, pray. er for peace. August11—SaturdayMassofOurLady (White): Mass "calve." Gloria. 2nd. prayer of SS. Tihurtius and Susann:o 3rd. prayeroftheholySpirit. 4th.prayer forpeace. No Creed, Prefaceofthe BlessedVirgin,

1.

Catholic parents,Nyeaskyou,areyou tosell your son'stwenty centuries of inheritance, and be answerable for his standing before these glories, astranger? You may have no wealth for him to inherit. In ninety-nine cases out of ahundred, it will hebetter if von have not. You have given him aCatholic education—an unfailing yard-stick by which he can measure men and motives. Preserve, guard, protect, shield and thus succour thatgreatgift of Faith which has been nurtured an(I nourished in a Catholic school, by sending him now into this newly-formed Young Chris-

Annual Catholic all MONDAY • AUGUST 13• 1945

Presentation of Debutantes- 8.45 p.m. Embassy Ballroom

Tickets 8/6 single(notax)

DANCING 8.30 to 1.30 a.m.• DELIGHTFUL SUPPEFC BookingopensatEmbassy9am.,23rd.July, 1945. Tickets obtainable at Nicholson',, Embassy,C.G.M.Office.

ADMISSION BY TICKET ONLY

Small Nations Help International Conscience

Sweden's Humanitarian Achievements

In terms of military glory it would be hard to name the foremost nation in the European war, but for heroic unselfish humanitarian achievement, neutral democratic Sweden stands alone.

As Bruce Hopper in the American publication,"Foreign Affairs," said with reference to Sweden's part:"The small States have been natural bearersofthe respect forinternationaljustice. if these small States did not exist it would be necessary to create them in order to get an international conscience....Praisemustbegivento the Swedish Rikadag, the free Press, and the Swedish people for preserving the moral climate of the neutrality, and readily giving food and shelter to the refugees from Norway, Denmark, Finland, the BalticStates,Poland,and other oppressedcountries."

Twofold Threat.

Though threatened from the Nest by the German occupation of Norway and from the Eastby Russia'saggression in Finland, Sweden preserved her own true democracy and kept open a free Press,bothfor herselfand for the 130,000 adult refugees within her frontiers. Amongst the latter the Poles, Finns, German Jews, Norwegians and Danes ran their own papers ranging from simple typescript sheets to ela. borate periodicals within acirculation of30,000.

NotonlydidSweden provideavital free Press,but true tohercultural traditions she opened her own institute's to Norwegian. Finnish, Danish, andotherrefugee students, and incertaincasesprovided themwithseparate establishments of theirown. Relief Work.

Butheroutstandingworkwasin the field of relief.

In.Norway her feeding centres, which formed only aportion of her relief schemes, began by distributing a daily meal to 180,000 children and 40,000 old people, and at the close of thewarwereproviding3'25,000portions aday at acost of£100,000permonth, .raised voluntarily in Sweden.

Apartfromherreliefschemesabroad, Sweden fed and housed thousands of refugee children, including 14,000 Finnishkiddieson her own soil. Her relief ships sailed with 30,000 tons of food amonth to starving Greece, and eupplied relief to Holland at regular intervals.

Her diplomatic officials looked after Soviet interests in Germany, Hungary, Slovakia and Denmark; after German interestsin five countries; and Jap affairs in eight countries. Over 20 nations called on Sweden to act as Protecting Power for them in enemy territory.

In Budapest.

The work of Swedish nationals and patriotsin Hungary providesatypical example of Sweden's humanitarian work. AHungarian reports that Lang. let, the Swedish Red Cross delegate in Budapest, saved thousands of lives by issuing provisional passports, special protective permits, and "letters ofprotection."

"AlloverBudapestheopenedanumoer of'Swedish institutions; such as the Swedish Library, The Swedish Research Institute, and even Swedish needlework circles. These, of course, did not enjoy formal extra-territorial rights, but Mr. Langlet provided the entrance doors with imposingsigns announcingthatthebuildingswereSowedishproperty. Asaresult,theGerman and Hungarian Quislings did not venture to intrudg within these buildings.

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Why Argentina was Admitted to San Francisco

IntransigeanceofSovietUnifiesLatinAmerica

ThearticlebelowisbyDr. RichardFattee, anexperton Latin-tA,merieaa affairs and relations. It throwslightonthe vexed question of Argentina's admission to theUnited Nations at BanFrancisco,whichhas been theabject ofagood dealofill-informed commentary in the daily press:

Thedebate at the plenary sessionof the United Nations Conference on International Organisationoverthe question of admitting Argentina probably contributed more towards consolidating the American Republics than anything else, including the recent InterAmerican Conference at Mexico City.

If anyone ever believed that LatinAmerican solidarity was amyth or lacked substance, the evidence producedatthemeetingofApril30constitutedaneloquent andstrikingrefutation. The Latiu.American Republics were solidlyunitedistheirdeterminationto bring about the admission of Argeatins, and bring it about without any lossof time. .

Afterprolongedsessions of thesteering and executive committees, it became clear that the whole matter would be thrown into the plenary ses. sion. This was the ,

work of V. M. Molutoff, Soviet Foreign Commissar, and it provoked aflare-up of resentment and irritation on the part of Latin-American delegates against the Soviets.

TheRealIssue.

The alacrity with which Latin-American delegates climbed up to the speaker's platform to take issue with the statement of Molotoff was one of the most striking demonstrations of how irked the representatives 6f the American Republics-were. It was not merely the question of by-passing asister Republicof similarspeechand tradition, and not merely the problem ofleaving out one ofthe principalRepublics of this hemisphere.

Thereal issuewastherefusalofthe Sovietdelegatetopaytheslightestattention to the fact that the American Republics themselves had already analysed the(Argentine problem, had debated its merits and examined all its angles at theMexico City meeting last February.

Nineteen nations gatheredat Mexico City had taken ample time to study the thorny problem. They were competent to know how affairs stood in Argentina. They decided to invite her to participate in the United NationsConference andlaid down certain conditions. Theseconditions were accepted by Argentina and she was ad-

\lr. Langlet also succeeded in obtaining for the various institutions the right to use cars marked "CD," and employed these for driving Jews and democratic Hungarians to safe places in'the country."

Mr. Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat in Budapest. actually obtained areversal of the Hungarian Government Radio announcement that Swed. isy protective letters would not be valid, and on one occasion after chasing atrain carrying political refugees to Germany, he overtook it.near the German frontierand rescued theunfor. tunateprisoners.

The Red Cross.

Recently the Swedish Red Cross has been busy working amongst the released prisoners of war in Germany. Already•che has packed 300 Hospital huts for release to Holland and she continues her work for the refugees, and the Polish, Finnish, and Norwegian children.

Norway and Denmark will probably be the first of the aided countries to regain normal life, and much will be due to the fpeilities Sweden provided for the Norwegian and Danish Police and civil forces, which were establishedandtrainedwithin herterritoryand which she rushed to their mother countries as soon as the latter were liberated.

Sweden has provided aperfect example of the services small freedomloving democratic countries can preserve in aworld which seems to be dominated bytheforce andopportunities of large powers.

mitted when she signed the Chapultepec agreement.

Now here at San Francisco, ill. Russian Foreign Commissar plugged for the non-admittance of Argentina, as if no such searching scrutiny had ever been made. Ile waived aside such considerations and linked the Argentina problem with that of Poland, and reaffirmed all statements made a year ago against Argentina as amenace to peace and the safety of the world.

Ignorance?

The Soviet representative pleaded fortimetostudythematter,andafter having confessedhisignorance,heproceeded to denounce Argentina for her alleged past sins. This aroused the ire of Latin-Americans. Emotionally and politically. they were profoundly moved by the discovery that one of the most important regional understandings of this century—the Chapultepec Declaration—weighed not at all in the consideration of an essentially American problem.

TheunitedfrontdisplayedbyLatinAmericans with the United States is this question was the immediate and direct result of the Intransigeance of theSoviets. Itwould benoexaggeration to say that the attitude of the Soviet delegation convinced all LatinAmericans present here how indispensable regional organisation is and how woefullyunder-rateditisbythosewho view it fromafar.

Aside from the disquietude caused by the Soviet position, Latin-Americans are speculating what lies behind it. Through questioning adozen or more Latin-Americans here, their composite opinions as to the motives underlying the attitude of the Soviets may besummarisedasfollows:

SOVIETMOTIVES.

(l) Obstructionism. The desire to make difficulties right from the start and create aseries of obstacles that will be hard to getover.

(2) Atacticalmeasure to createfictitious issues and then make apparent concessions which, in turn, will produce favourableconcessionsfrom other nations.

(3) General maladroitness in handling situations completely alien to So. viet experience and connected with countries that are far removed from the Sovietsphereof influence.

f I

A desire to keep the record straight with the proletariat, soit can he pointed to, now that Argentina is admitted, as showing that the Soviets raised avigorousvoice against the admission of anation accused of Fas. cism.

(5) Theconviction thattheproposed worldorganisation isfirstandforemost adefence wall against"world fascism" and a prolongation of the existing coalition againstthe Axis.

AMERICANS UNITED.

Any, or all, of these explanations of the Soviet attitude may be true or partly true. It should be added that Latin,Americanswere singularly unimpressedbythemannerinwhichCzechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, and Iran voted withtheSovietUnion. It gavethem an inkling as towhat Soviet zone influence really means.

The wholeexperiencenot onlyvindicates Argentina, restoring her to her rightful place among the nations, but alsomakesitperfectlyclearthat Latin America, on an issue that affects it directly, will stand firm against the powerfulinsistenceoftheSovietUnion.

Asameansofstrengtheningtherelations between this country (U.S.A.) and Latin America, nothing has happenedinalongtimethatcancompare in effectiveness with the controversy overtheadmissionof Argentina. Two or three moresimilar displays offorce will heal most of the gapsandfissures from which our inter-American policy has been suffering.

•••iilllpl•llllllllgl

CENTRAL CATHOLIC LIBRARY- 36 PIER STREET,PERTH

This week'ssuppliesinclude some inwresting biographiesand old favour. ites. Tomentionafew-

1[EM01:Y FOLD THE DOOR. The autobiographyofJohnBuchan. 12/6 SUCHISLIFE (Recommendedbythe Advisory Board of.the Commonwealth Literary Fund), being from the diary ofTom Collins. It is described as an "Australian ClasTHEN' ARE PEOPLE. Modernshprt stories of Nunsand Priests.. 17/0.. THE IMITATION OF CHRIST l'(Everyman's edition). Thomas a' Kempis ................ 4/6 STORIES, ESSAYS, and POEMS OF CHESTERTON (Everymans) .. 4/6 "THE WHITECLIFFS OF DOVER" and "SNOW GOOSE" 3/6 each FOREVER ENGLAND. Compiled by Collie Knox ............ 10/6 This,3nthology includes the gems of lInglish poetry and the thoughts of England's greatest men of yesterday and today,are compressed into short articles that make the book both fascinating and informative.

AUSTRALIANCAVES,CLIFFSAND WATERFALLS. By Charles BarAhandsome volume of Australia's wonders with beautiful illustrations.

OORICANCHA. By A. F. Tschiff'MEATH SUNNY SKIES. A little volume of illustrated poem3, By Samuel Buckby (who wrote "They Shall Not Pass") . 6/6 John Hetherington's "PORTRAIT QF AN AUSTRALIAN SOLDIER," with splendid illustrations. This topranking war correspondent has given us this portrait which is described as being"painted with love and compasItCostaNoMoretohaveyour

Prescriptions Accurately Dispensed, ROBERT W. LRILa7

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sion. It is not aportraitof ahaloed saint; it is aportrait of aman cap able of arrogance as well as humility, fear as well as courage. But, from the narrative presented with the novelist's skill, emerges afigure erect, strong,courageous—afightingman,the Australianfightingman;

1tisnottoo mush toclaim that thisbook willtake itsplace among theenduringliterature of war and fighting men.".... 12/6 Wemouldlike to draw theattention of TEACHERS and PUPILS to the factthat we havegoodstocksofTEM.

PLE READERS, particularly the No. 1book, which is very scarce at present. Also good supplies of ordinary school requisites. ROSARY BEADS. Beautifulmotherof-pearl; prices12/6to18/6.

MISSALS, from2/- to14/..

HOLY PICTURES. from 1/- to 4/-dozen; coloured and black and white.

LIBRARY SUBSCRIIBERB.

Here are afew books to place on yourreferencelist(untilournewcatslogue is printed):

Biography:

Marie Antoinette. By Stephen Szeig. Voltaire. By AlfredNoyes.

My Yesterdays. By Lord Frederic Hamilton.

The Chestertons. ByMrs.Cecil-Che► terton. My Henry Lawson. By Bertha Lawson, JohnG`urtin. ByAlanChester. Wagner. By Dr.FrancisHueger. JohannSebastian P,ach. By Reginald Lane Poole, M.A., LL.D. Fiction.

The Eternal Two. By Marie Conway Oemler.

The Makerof Heavenly Trousers. By Daniele Vare.

Whose Name is Legion. By Isobel Clarke.

GuideGilly. ByDorotheaMoore, The Caravan Passes, By

Eileen Pin^lay.

The Moon is Down. By John Stein. beck.

MakingCrime Pay. ByPeter Cheney. Windswept. By Mary Ellen Chase.

ALBANY.

H. C. Prior Funeral Director

ALBANY (Established 1921). Private Mortuary.MotorVehicles, ChargesModerate. 'Phone 216. Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmark and Districts,

Shameful Treatment of Australian -

P.O.W. in Russia

Communist Efforts to Discount Stories

Twofirst-hand accountsofconditions inRussiaand the Soviet'streatmentof prissnersofwarhaverecentlyappeared in the Australian press in interviews with Australian P.O.W.'s, who escaped from Germany through Russia.

The firstaccount wasgiven by Gnr. Vivian Cox, formerly of the3rd. Tank Attack Regiment, to the Melbourne "Argos" (June 29, 19.15). Hatred, suspicion, neglect and ill-treatment by the Russians, according to Gnr. Cox, werethe portion ofAustralianswhoescaped from Germanprison camps into Russia.

The "Argos" account continued as follows:

"Gnr. Cox has returned to Australia by way of Odessa afterspending four years as aP.O.W. lie spent two months in Russia after escaping from aP.O.W,campin Poland. Throughout thatperiodhewasconfinedwithothers in filthy quarters under armed guard, hesaid.. Hundreds of British,Australian and American men spent eight daysinovercrowdedcattletruckstravelling from Warsaw toOdessa. They weregiven no food,andarmedguards said that they would be shot if they left the trucks. Some of them managed to sneak into villages at which the train stopped, and bartered their clothes for food. Some arrived in Odessawithouteventheir trousers, al. though the temperature was below zero.

"In the two months he was

held by the Russians he received no food but boiled barley and black bread, Gnr.Coxsaid. The Russiansrefusedtolet any & them send messages home to say that they were free, Cable messages which they tried to send to the BritishConsulwere tornupinfront of them. Everywherethey met hatred andsuspicion. Althoughalltheequipment the Russians used and much of the food eaten came frorn, the United States,Americans weSetreated nobetter.

",

rhe climax to his Russian experiences came when he reached Odessa. ABritishevacuationshipbroughtin a large number of Russian former war prisoners who had been repatriated throughGreatBritain. Theywerewell fed, well clothed and in goodhealth."

The Case of Pte.McMillan.

ThesecondaccountwasgivenbyPte. -lames McMillan, of Angel-street, Newtown.Sydney, oneofthefirstten Australian prisoners liberated by the Russians, to the"Daily Telegraph"(June 25, 1915). Pte. McMillan's story was as follows:

"Whenm•emadeourbreakweploughedthroughsnowalongaroadonwhich avast mechnnised Russian force was advancing." McMillan said yesterday.

"We met some Russian guerillas, to whom we revealed our identity, but later, when we took refuge in afarmhouse,we were surroundedby Russian regulars.

"Thesergeant-majorincharge, thinkingwe were Germans,lined us up and ordered aSoviet tommv-gunner to hoot its down.

"It was touch and go A Soviet guerrilla came in just then and identified us.

"TheRussiansinthepatrolwentoutside and killed two German civilians thevfound asleep in abarn.

"Then they dragged offGerman girls aged about 14 and raped them. About N Russiansrapedeachgirl.

Some of my British mates saw the rapine and saw the Russians drag the girls away after they had lost consciousness.

"TherewerenoRussianofficersabout whenthishappened. -

IntheRedArmy anysoldierfoundguiltyofrapeisshot.

"The Russians said they were only treating the German girls as Russian girls had Iven treated by the Ger. mane.

"Tile Russian advance troops were rough and disorganised. Australians couldhavewalked-throughthem.

"WeweretakentoHohenstein(Pruesia),nearTannenberg,andbilleted:na former German camp for French pri. soners of war.

"The Russians allowed us to take pianos, feather beds, and other furniture from German homes, and kill as many pigs and poultry aswe wanted.

"At night we attended the screening of Soviet films, mainly war pictures, and concert parties given by French prisoners.

"Russian girl soldiers, someof them very beautiful, used to sit with us at the concerts, and often came into our hutsandlistened when anyoneplayed thepiano.

"Our train trip to Odessa (Russias Black Sea port) occupied ninedays

"Wesawenoughof Odessatorealise there are two classes in Russia, the same as anywhere else—the poor and thewelltodo."

Clash Between "Telegraph"and Corr monistPraa

(An effort was made by the Com. munist Party todiscountthestory. A girlreporterwassentbythe"Tribune," official Communist paper,to interview Pte.McMillan,andanarticleappeared, headed"P.O.W.'sInterviewWasTwisted;'Telegraph'Exposed," whereupon the"Daily Telegraph" reporter saw Pte. McMillan again. In the course of astatement,repudiating the"Tri. bune"story,Pte.McMillansaid:

"The story appearing in Monday's Telegraph'is quite correct except-

1. The'Telegraph' said thataSoviet guerrilla came in an identified us. Actually it was aSoviet regafar.

2. The 'Telegraph'said Russian girl soldiers,some of them verybeautiful, used to sit with itsinthe concerts. ActuallyIsaidthatsome ofthe Russians were good looking, and thattheyused tositatconcerts with Russian olrcefs."

As to the girl reporter from tha Communist "Tribune," Pte. McMillan said:

"She was only with me about five minutes,andsheseemedtobedefinitely trying to get me to say something good about the Russians,but Iwould not because Iknew what they really were like.

"I onlv saw the report in the 'Tribune'tc-day,and itisdefinitelywrong, and,sofaraswhat theysayaboutme is concerned, it seems tobe deliberateIv wrong and adeliberate attempt to twist what Isaid.

"I don't think it is possible that the'Tribune'reportcanhavebeenhon. estly made."

The full story of the clash between the"Telegraph" and the"Tribune" appeared in the "Sunday Telegraph," under the title,"This is how the Commontrytofoolyou"(July1.1945).

DOMINICAN EX-STUDENTS' RE-UNION

The Annual Reunion of Dominican Es-Students will be held at the Dominican Convent. Wood Street, Bedford Park, on Sundnv Afternoon, Aug. list 5.

:11 past pupils of DominicanSchools (will be welcome.

Transport: Tram No. 13 to Wood Street, or Inglewood BusfromStirling Street to Crawford-road, 2.20 and 3 p.m.

Old clothes needed by the Society ofSt.Vincent de Paid for distribution to the poor. Parcels may be left at"TheRecord" office,450Hay-street, Perth

HisGracetheArchbishopreturnedto Perth by'plane on Thursday evening.

Rev.Father Russellspentafewdays in Kalgoorlie visiting his father.

Rev. Father Brennan returned to Coolgardieafteraweek-in St. John of God Hospital, receiving attention to aninjured foot.

Mrs. H.Greenisatpresentapatient in St. JohnofGod Hospital.

VisitorstotheGoldfield's recently included Mr.and Mrs.James, ofCollie. Archbishop Administers Confirmation atSt.Marys.

Ninety-eight candidates were presented for Confirmation on Tuesday afternoan atSt. Nlary's. Apart from several adults, they were pupils ofthe Catholic schools of the district, and were accompanied in• individual sponsors.

His Grace was assisted by Rev. Father Carolan, Adm., and Rev. Fathers Carmody (Boulder), Cryan iNorsemanl, McCarthy, and McSweeney.

A combined children's choir rendered appropriate music, and was con. grahilatedbythearchbishop.

The Annual Bazaar.

The annual Bazaar will be held on august 2? in It.➢iarv's Hall. The distribution of prizes won in connec. tion with the£100 prize packet will take place during the evening. All the usual attraction's will be in evidence.

Concerton,August 16.

Agreat treat ispromised for august 16, when aconcert will be held at St \larv'sHall. Fundsgoto the Bazaar. Children's choirs from C.B.r. and It Varv's,

St.\Ian's School Band, and many other excellent items have been promised by St. Michael's School and C.GC. and XavierBoys'Club.

Gala Night for Combined Clubs.

Wednesday, August 8, is the next dance night for the combined Chubs, and promises to be the best yet.

CATHOLIC ;BALL.

"so,•ially and financ•iall• agreat-

suc,,ress;' ktheverdict nn the 1015 Catholic Ball. The Archbishop attended, accompanied 1w Rev. Fathers Carolan, l'armndv,\I(-1arthv and NICSw•eene' Then were welcomed by \irs. F.O'Dea andMr. Maxwell, the official partyalso huluding the Mayors and Mayoresses of Kalgoorlie and Boulder, and.Messrs. P. IRussell and F. i. O'Dea.

The hall was beautifully decorated tcith,almond hlos•oms, lanterns, and streamers,tinderthe•opervisionofMrs. !)untie, an:l was alovely setting for thecolourfulfrocksofthe ladydancers.

Highlightof theeveningwasthepre• rcntation to irisGrace the archbishop c,

f2Cdelnnantes,excellentlytrainedby \list PatSmith,assisted by Mrs.7.ani. Supperarrangementswereinthecapable handsof Nlrs. Whiteside, and she and her assistants had over ON wel. satisfied guests singing their praises.

Alm O'Dea, attractively gowned in wine velvet with gold shoulder spray, presented the debs. to His Grace the Archbishop. Following the presentation, debs. and their partners danced the Parana waltz, which was adapted for the occasion Debutantes included: June Collier, organdie, trimmed with frills, partnered by Ross Mundy; ParharaVorhett, organdie with horse. shoe motifson skirt,Colin Clarkepartner; Norma Guiliana, slipper satin, lightly shirred, Bill Goodall partner: Claire Rogers, satin and diamente clips, Clive Rogers partner; Margaret Mann, organdie, daintily trimmed with frills. Clarrie Bottler partner; Anne Brown, reversible satin, ruched and headed,StanCollinspartner;JoanBell, lace yoke,georgette skirt, Pat McGuin• nesspartner: Margaret Rowbothan,net appliqued, Bill Noonan partner; Pauline Green, organdie, sequin trimmed, Paints!Enamelised and Aluranfum, nowavailableatHassell'sStore,corner Wellington and Queen Streets,Perth.

PresidentTruman's FaithinPrayer

THANKS TO'CATHOLIC GROUP.

President HarryS.Truman, inapersonal reply to the statement adopted on April 9by the Coordinating Committee of Catholic Lay Organisations of the Archdiocese of New York, said he was "heartened and encouraged" by the membership of the 64 groups for their special prayers for the guidance of the delegatesto the San Francisco Conference.

Inaletter to Edmund Butler, president of the Co-ordinating Committee. the President said:

"Dear Mr.Butler:

"I am heartened and encouraged by yourletterofApril 18,withwhich you forwarded acopy of the statement adopted on April 9by the Co-ordinat• ingCommittee ofCatholic LayOrganisations of the Archdiocese of New York.

"I amglad to have this assurance that the membersof the Co-ordinating Committee, after mature and deliberate thought, pledged the membership of their several organisations to offer special prayers for the guidance of the delegates to the Conference of the United Nations, which opens in San Franciscothisweek.

"As one who has abiding faith in theefficacyofprayer,Iamstrengthened by the spirit and tenorof yourdeclaration. In these grave days we must all remember, as did our fathers indaysof old,thatexcept ahouse be builded on the Lord, they tabour in vain who build it.

"Very sincerely yours, "Harry S. Truman.

"April 24, 1945."

The Co-ordinating Committee's statement urged the United State's delegates"that theypropose as basicprinciples which will guide the Conference in its deliberations" the recognition of the fundamental truths that"nations aswell asmenareboundbythemoral law" and that"all men, all peoples, have inalienable rights which were given them by God." Apeace truly iust, it adds,"cannot he achieved if moral principlesare discarded" and"if unreasonable concessions are made to might and if justice itself be compromiser?."

Don Dunstan partner; Pamela Saun• tiers, organdie, Frenchpleating atneck and sleeves, tut De Passy partner; Lorraine Pollock, beaded and tucked georgette, Herb. Annett partner; Patricia Mosley, georgette lame trimmed bodice. Neil Grey partner; Barbara ('urnow•, daintily frilled organdie, Ted Fisher partner; Margaret Morris, silk act applique, George Beaumont partner Ruth Brennan, heavy crepe, clasic lines, Norm Lurley partner; Nancy Allen, silk net applique, Brian Allen partner; Patricia Woods, daintily Honored net, Don Regiwald partner; Marion Corlxtt, organdie shirred bodice, Terry Putnam partner; Dorothy Harris, organdie,sprigged bodice,Dave ilenneker partner; Dorothy Kelly, taf. feta,sweetheartneck, KevinKellypart. ner; Eileen Duggan, figured taffeta, Cecil Meyers partner; Patricia Green, net anrd figured satin, Alf Coleman partner: Rita Carmody, allover lace and georgette, Jahn Hill partner; Mar. grret Tvanar, lace and taffeta, long waisted, Keith Young partner; Rose Coyle, organdie and crepe, old world style, Colin Lansdale partner; Peggy Benge, satin bodice and geor. gette skirt, Bob Bassett partner; Mary AiacGuire, angel skin, lace trimmed, Tom Carmody partner; Dorothea Hop. kins, plain and figured French cloque, Joe Sprylan partner.

NOMOREWOODCVTTMG! Ant can Perfection Stoves:ideal for countryandbeach. AtHassell' s. B6307.

WHAT UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER WILL MEAN FOR THE JAPS

Unconditional surrender, as far as Germany was concerned, meant just that—without official gloss or garnishment. This fact did not prevent the expression of opinions on what should be done with Germany after her surrender. And indeed it was thought by many that the severity of treatment urged by certain persons in high places, together;with the very vagueness or absoluteness of the"unconditional surrender" slogan, served to stiffen German resistance.

Now thatcompletevictory overGer. many is compassed, and our total effort is focussed on Japan's defeat,' there is considerable agitation for a more precise definition of terms for Japan. Severalfactors,it seems, have contributed to this state of mind: the feeling that V-E Day would have comesoonerhadthetermsforGerman surrender been more clearly conveyed totheGerman people; themany rumours abroad that Japan has sent out peace"feelers"; the desire to avoid, if possible, the enormous loss of Amen, can lives which aprolonged fight-tothe-finish with Japan would entail. It is probable, too, that an understandable let-down following V-E Day or plain war+wearinessplaysapartinthe wish to "talk" Japan into surrendering. On our terms, to be sure! But on terms which the Japanese people canunderstand.

Letuskeeptherecordstraight.After the Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin conference at Teheran in November, 1943, President Roosevelt,Generalissimo Chi. ang Kai-shek and Prime Minister Churchill metinCairo toplanmilitary operations against the Japanese. On December 1they issued an official statement oftheir conclusions. Inre. gard to terms ofsurrender, the following part of the communique is highly pertinentas well asclear-cut anddefinite.

The three great Allies covet no gain for them'selves and have no thought ofterritorialexpansion. It

is their purpose that Japarishall be stripped of all the islands in the Pacificwhich shehasseized oroccupied since the beginning of the first World War in 1914, and that all the territoriesJapanhas stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria,'Formosaand the Pescadores,shallberestorer)to the Republic of China. Japan will also be expelled from all otherterritorieswhich shehas taken by violence and greed. The aforesaid three great powers, mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, are determined that in due course Korea shall become free andindependent.

These are precise if hard terms. They were directed to the Japanese War Lords rather than to the people.

What President Truman said in his V-EDay speech, however, wasforthe Japanese peope and could be understoodby them.

Justwhatdoestheunconditionalsurrenderof thearmed forcesmean for theJapanesepeople? Itmeansthe end of the war. It means the terminationoftheinfluenceofthemilitaryleaderswhohavebroughtJapan tothepresent brink of disaster. It means provision for the return of soldiers and sailors totheir families, their farms,their jobs. It means notprolongingthepresentagonyand sufferingoftheJapanese in thevain hopeof victory. Unconditionalsur. render does notmeantheextermination or enslavement of the Japanese people.

In the light of these statements it can scarcely he said that our,'uncon. cditonalsurrender" termsforJapan are either vague or-unreasonable.'Rather than abandon our demand for unconditionalsurrender,assome,are nowadvocating, it would seem the better coarse to try to communicate, by every means at our disposal, President Truman's hopeful message to the Jap. anesepeople.

Loreto Convent "Gsborne" — Claremont BOARDINGANDDAYCOLLEGE.

.

TheSchoolpro-/idesasoundeducation on modern lines in all branches of study. The pupils are prepared forallexaminations._ TheSchoolis beautifully••tuated between Ocean and ;river, in extensive grot:nds, w;th fine playing fieldl and private Swimming Pool in River.

T"I"nhnn•• F?135 Apply— MOTHER SUPERIOR

SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL

HIGHGATE, — PERTH.

;CONDUCTED BY THE SISTERS NOTRE DAME DES MISSIONS{. BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. PUPILS PREPARED ALL EXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORI SCHOOL FOR YOUNG CHILDREN For Prospectus apply-Plwre 83810. REV. MOTHER PRIORESS.

ST, ITDEPHONSUS' COLLEGE

NEW NORCIA

CONDUCTED BY THE. MARIST BROTHERS.

Catholic boys recommended on thescore of character by their Pariah Priest, and ready to commence atleast Sixth Standard or arrival, can be now enrolled for commencementin February, 1946. Application should be made at once. Acceptanceduring1945is nolongerpossible. For Particulars Apply to—THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

CHLISTLLN BROTHERS,MT. HENRY, ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A.

AQUINAS COLLEGr

TELEPHONE:MU1520.

FOk BOARDERS AND DAY STUDENTS. BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS.

Beautifully Situated,overlooking the river, near the new Canning Bridge. For Particulars apply to-- e The Principal,Aquinas College,CanninsParade,Mt.Henry

TOTHEEDITOR ...

Dir,—It is pleasingtonote thatafter more thin seventy years the value of ourChurchSchools andthefundamental need for religion in education is eoming to be recognised by our publicmen. Last weekthe Leaderof the Federal Opposition (Mr. R. G. Men■ies) was reported as saying that Denocracy's greatest danger came from within, and in his view the chief rea. son foritsdecline was the increasingly pagan and materialistic quality of our education. Mr. Menzies praised the workof the system of Church Schools in Australia, andwenton to advocate religiousinstructioninStateSchoolsin accordance with an agreed'syllabus. In his own words the matter was one ofvastimportance.

In view ofthis encouraging attitude of the Opposition, it,is discouraging that the endorsed Government candidate for the Fremantle by-election (Mr.KimBeazley) hasdecriedsooften the workof our Church Schools and discounted thevalueofreligionin education. It is all the more unfortunateinsofarasheisprominentineducational circles and, if elected, his views would doubtless carry much weight with the Federal Office of Education which the Commonwealth Government has announced its intention to set up.

It is to be noted also that manv of our Red brethren, who, with the most convincing protestations of sincerity attach themselvestotheranksofgenuine Labourites, because they think it bringsquicker results, whiletheysneer attheutility or thepracticability of a syllabus of religious education, are most vociferous in their clamour for the introduction of socialist workingclass text-book'sinto our State schools, so that, while they will do everything

Arrest of Priests in Poland

Catholic priests in Eastern and Central Poland were until recently being arrested by RussianSecretPolice.This statement was made in, London recently by Captain J. Novak, who fought in the battle of Warsaw, and who acted as alink between the London Polish Government and Polish patriots during the war.

Captain Novak thinks it is possible that thearrests arestill goingon.

Thepriestswerechargedwith giving financial helptothe"traitorous"Home Army, and were deported..

Concealed Persecution.

A non-Catholic woman, Miss Short, agreedwith Captain Novak. Shesaid that from 1939 to 1940 there was no openpersecution, but thatChurch property was taxed so heavily that pea santscouldnot maintainit. The property wasthen"confiscated."

There wasmuch looting by the Red Army. Holdings of peasants were split up,and became toosmall to support their families.

Poles fighting, even at Cassino, were labelled traitors and shot if they returned to Poland.

The Holy Father's relief services, in common with the Red Cross and UNRRA, was denied entrance. Despite sufferings, Poland's faith was still as strong as ever, she said.

they can to prevent the child from becoming agood Christian, they will also do all in their power to ensure thatthereiseveryfacility toenable it to grow up agood littleCommunist.— Yours,etc., R. M. ALLEN. Floreat Park.

C.B.H.S., HIGHGATE

The annual boxing tournament of the C.B.H.S., Highgate, has come to be recognised as one of the popular sporting events of the year, and the Perth Town hall was packed last Tuesday night for this year's contest. Enthusiasm ran high as the 120 fighters strove for supremacy in the vari. ous weightdivisions, andtheaudience, which included several of the clergy and Christian Brothers, had amost exciting evening. The very efficient referee was Commander Furse, of the British Navy. The coveted title of champion boxer went to G. Kerrigan, who is also champion of the school's football team. The colour competition waswonby the Blues,with5titles,fol• lowedby Reds andGolds,3each, and Green 1.

Some excellent contests were seen (luring the evening, especially in the final of the 41st. division, when G. Halvorsen, of Subiaco, won from A. Astore,of West Perth; and in the 7st. division, in which C. Byrnes, of Midland Junction, d. R. Coombs, of Mt. Lawley.

The tournament started at6.45, and did notconclude tillafter 11 p.m., and even thenthreeofthe twelve divisions had to be finalised at the school later on.

The Brothers are very grateful to all thosewhohelped tomakethe function so successful, especially to the donorsofthebeautifulcups,andtothe ladies' committee which provided the 'refreshments.

4Stone:

D. McNeil d. T. Wilcox; V. Coombs d. E.Bell; B.Cuttsd.N. Lee; B. Gallagherd.J.Urquhart. Final: Coombs d. McNeil.

41 Stone:

G. Halvorson d. V. Kermodi; R. Moored.A. Urquhart; P. Skehand. P. Lee; B. Millerd. B. Bowler; R. Finnegan d. B. Clifford; A. Atsore d. V. Guerin; Croft d. Juggins. Final: Iialvorson d. Astore.

5Stone:

L. Smith d. M. Farmer; B. Flynn d. c'. Crock; A. Ilullett d. V. O'Callaghan; L.Byrnesd.J. Albrecht; F. Morgan d. K. MgGuiness; N. Allington d. E. Ryan; S. Bignelld. B.Flynn.Final: Smith d. Bignell.

5; Stone:

C. Houstond. V. Gardner; K. Dear ,I. P. Ramsay; F. O'Driscoll d. J. Grant: L. Finnegan d.M. Carrig; G. McComish d. A. Scurry; S. Rawlingsd. L.McComish; G. Kieran d. R. Fenton; F.Guerin d. W.Crosse: A.Chatmcy d. \. Coombs; T. Laffer d.J. Keyson; K. Ryan d. T. Craig: B. Inionsd. B. Singleton; A.Coverleyd. K.Dear. Final: Finnegan d. Ryan.

6Stone:

C. Skehan d. J. Carrig; P. Cleary d. B.Chipper; M. Baker d. D. McBeath: T. Lee d. F. Lowry; D. Biggs d. L. Smith: S. Hunter d. h. Slattery-; K. Gunn d. D. Foley; E. Markham d. J. Stewart. Final: Skehan d. Lee.

61 Stone: M. McDonald d. P. Kerrigan; K. Farmer it. P. Pike: R. \Ivles d. T. Cooper; B. Kieran (1, 11. Stewart;

J. Fenn d. L. Gangell: J. Snowden d. L. Gibson: F. Lynch d. K. Fanner. Final: Snowden d. McDonald.

7Stone: R. Coombs d. P.\k<;urk: C. Byrne d. N. Paxman: J.

Donovan d. G Connell; R. Coombs d. Burton. Final: Bvrtte d. Coombs.

71 Stone: T Anstey d. K. Appleton: C. O'Brien d. E. McCarthy: N. Purves d. M. Weeks; W. Coverley d. C. Smith; B.\fettamd. 1.Skipworth; C. O'Brien d. L.\fanning. Final: \fettam d. Purves.

8Stone:

C.Johnson d. G. Smith: B. Coverley d. B. Rhodes; R. King d. L. Stubber.

Final: Coverley d. Johnson.

81 Stone: B. Paxmand. A. Forte: C.Brooksd. R. Ramsay; L. Lynch d. P. Farrell.

Final: Lynch d. Paxman.

9Stone: C.Walshd. R. Biggs andW. Pitts; K. Ashbyd. K. Cooper; J. Randall d. (Continued footofnextcolumn.)

DEATHS

D'OYLE.--On July 13, at St. John of God Hospital, Kalgoorlie, Mary, relictof the late JamesDoyle, Widgie•-. mooltha, loved aunt of Mrs. Billi, Mrs. Gilbert(Albany), dear Diddy of Francis and Brian Billi; aged 85 years., R.I.P. I

KIRKPATRbCK.—Of your charity, prayforthereposeofthesoulofmy dear wife, Amy Teresa, and fond mother ofMichael, Ross, Margaret, grandmother of Teresa, who passedpeacefully away on July 22, 1945. Privately interred Karrakatta Cemetery, after Requiem Mass.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

—Inserted by Archibald T. Kirkpatrick.

MINIHAN—On July 23, 1945, at St. JohnofGod Hospital, Subiaco,John Joseph Minihan, of 188 Goderiehstreet, Perth,belovednephewof Mrs. Sullivan,andcousin of PatandJack Sullivan, Adelaide. RequiescatinPace.

MINIIIAN.—On July 23, 1945, at St. JohnofGod Hospital,Subiaco,Jack, loved cousin and friend of Joseph Newby, Mollie and Pat Moran, and family, Northam. —SacredHeartofJesus, havemercy onhissoul.

MINIIIAN.—OnJuly23, 1945, at St. John ofGod Hospital, Subiaco, John J., sincere friend of Mr. and Mrs. M. Moss.

Immaculate Heart of Mary, thy prayers for him extol.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on his soul.

1tIINIIIAN.—Sacred to the memory of John Joseph Minihan, who passed awayatSt.John ofGod Hospitalon July23, 1945.

—Inserted,by Mr. and Mrs. Maher (Victoria Park), and his life-long pal, Jim Tully, and Rev. FatherIt. Tully. NAYLOR—On July 19, at his.residence, 9Fothergill-street, Fremantle, William:Alfred, beloved husband of Annie,lovingfatherofVi(\ft's.Sheridan), lion(Mrs.Brady',Laura(Mrs. Whitel,William,F.ttie,Tom (A.LF.), Bert, John (A.I.F.), Alf and Bernie IA.I.F.) R.I.P.

►T. IN MEMORIAM +

LEES.—Insad and loving memory of ourclearhusbandandfather,Michael Leen, whodeparted thislife on Aug., ust 2, 1914. R.I,P.

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercyonhissoul.

--Inserted by his loving wife and family.

PAUL.—In loving memory of Robert Alexander,diedAugust5, 1911. R.I.P. Understanding, kind and true, Beautiful memories we have of you, dad.

—Inserted by his wife and family.

QUARANT' ORE

Sunday:

AUGUST:

let—VICTORIA PARE: Forty Hours' Prayer.(3rd-Sth).

2nd—FREMANTLE: Forty Hours' Prayer (10th-12th).

3rd—KALGOORLIE : Forty Hours' Prayer.(17th-19th).

DONNYBROOK: One Day of Exposition.

4th—COTTESLOE: Forty Hours' Prayer (24th-26th).

SEPTEMBER:

Ist—PINIARRA and NARROGIN: One DayofExposition.

2nd—QUEEN'S PARK: Forty Hours' Prayer(7th-9th).

3rd—GUILDFORD: One Day of Exposi-•' tion.

4th—SHENTON PARE and BAYSWATER:OneDayofExposition.

F.McCaulit7e. Final: Ashbyd.Walsh. Open Division— 3ollegeChampionship: J. Anders d. V. Finnegan; G. Kerrigand. K.Miller: J. Davidson d. R. Jeffrey; B. Richards d. J. Healey. Semi-finals: Kerrigan d. Davidson;. Richards d. Anders. Final: Kerrigan d. Richards. Old Boys' Final: W. Cochrane d. W. Monaghan.

LATE MICHALL O'DIA, Founder

i Prtneipsl.

Annual Boxing Tournament

Pope'sEffort to Keep

Italy. Out of the War

Details werereleasedonJune IS of the Pope'sstrenuous efforts to keep Italy out of thewar.

The Vatican published recently an officialaccountofthe Pope'sefforts to keepItaly outof thewar. Itreveals that the IToly Fathermadealast-minute appeal to Mussolini to stay neutral, in aletter in his own hand, and that he was prepared even to risk being sent to a concentration camp rather than keepsilenton the duty of preserving peace.The document shows alsothatCianostroveforpeaceagainst thedeterminationofhisfather-in-lawto embroil Italy.

Only abare outline of the Vatican documenthasasyetreachedLondonin agencymessages. Afullerreport will, no doubt, he given by Vatican Radio -in due course. The document itself should become available in most'countries through Nuncios and Apostolic Delegates. The account is described as"not aWhite Book, but notes for aWhite Book;" since documents of Statearereferred to,sometimesquoted in part, but, for reasons of prudence, not whole disclosed.

The Pope'sletterwas sent to Musso lini on April 24, 1910.

"May Europe," wrote the

I1o1y Father,"besavedfrommore ruinsand mournings, andespeciallymay our and your beloved country be spared from thevastcalamity."

Mussolini replied"Idesire to assure you, Most Blessed Father, that if tomorrow Italy enters the field, this would mean -

in an unmistakable manner that the honour, interest and futureofthe country render thisabsolutely necessary."

Meanwhile,the Popeunceasinglyproclaimed the duties of the nations to maintain peace, and on Mae 13 the Ttalian Ambassador, Alfieri, told him that Mussolini had been irritated by his public manifestations in favour of peace. The HolvFather replied that 'he had done onlyhis duty and would continue to do so,and he adders:"We are not afraid ofentering aconcentra• tion camp."

On Mav 22-10 davq before the formal declaration—the Vatican knew that Mussolini had resolved on war. This was conveyedto Dtgr. Borgongim. Pura,Panal NunciotoItaly,byBuffarini Guidi, the Ttalian Under-Secretary —of State. Amore specific intimatinn Was given by fiann on Mav 2Q.

Recording the sequenre of events from thestartofhostilities,theaccount says that immedinielyGcrmanvattacked Pnnnd the Hole See notified the Ttalian Government of its grntifiration that Ttaly teaq

neutral. On September 6Count Ciann toldFatherTneclliVenturi. R. '

T;

-that it was the Ttalian Gov ernment's firm intention to remain ontside the warand heexrre-erl file noin• lot that the war might end within n few weeks, after Polnnl's defeat Early in the following Tannary signs Le•ime ntmtifoo of active inflnenre bring 1•onght to hear to chance the rnurse of Ttalian policy On February 20. (iann told the Papal Nuncin: "Thave the imprecsinn that agreat nfTensiyr k

about to hrenk nut nn the French front and Tforesee that, in this case, Germany will make the maNinnnn effort to r;et us into the war. T am struggling to prevent this, lint there are strong currents in Tote in favour of Germane ."

own request (Thiq was the audience from which Ribhentrop was seen to emerge white and slinking.) The Vatican account. as reported, merely records that the Domestic Problems Solved:By 6melicanBlueFlameStoves At W.A.Stove Co., We1Bntton-rtreet,Perth. B6307.

German envoy told the Pope that Franceand Germany would seek-

peace: within 1940, and added: "This is the firm conviction of all Germans." On April 10,the Italian Ambassador, Dino Alfieri, remonstratedtothePope about Church manifestations in favour of peace. This sketchy outline is all that the agency messages have abstracted from the Papal document. It is, however, sufficient to show that the Pope inexorably pursued his advocacy of peace, despite severe pressure, and that he was prepared to continue doing his duty, even though it carried athreat of his personal safety. It should be awarning also to those who criticise the Holy Father for what they conceive to have been his omissions to castigate the NazisorFascistsfor their aggressions and other misdeeds, that much more was done quietly behind the scenesby thePopethantheycould possibly know. No doubt,.when the full story of Vatican war-time relations with the Dictator States becomes known, it will be seen that the first condemnation by the Pope of their crimes was not in hisrecent speech to the College of Cardinals!

VI

M OrderofSt.

TrandS

VICTORIA PARK.

Sunday, July 22, marked the first meeting of the third yearof theestablishment of the Order in the parish, and to mark the steadv progress that has been maintained, Mr, and Mrs. Rlechvnden, of Queen's Park, and Mr. George Parry, of Victoria Park, received the congratulations of the Fraternity, as they had made their profession at the eveningdevotions on that date.

Although there are now nineprofessed Brothers, it would he very gratifying

if more would join, and an invitation is extended to the men living inand around Victoria Park to attend the evening devotions, which are held every fourth Sunday of the month at 7.30 p.m., and contact any member who would he only toopleasedto give full particulars concerning the Order.

All Sisters and Brothers are requested to attend the August meeting, as several important announcements are to be made.

Young Christian Workers

(Continued from Front Cover.)

Osborne Park: T. Kinsella, 13. J. Kelh•, iloward Smith. J.S.O"Mallev.

Belmont: D Thornton, R. Peachy.

\lavlands: TI. W. I. Gardiner, P. Ventpsell, 1'. S Cooper, M. Brown, P. Winthrop. O. Symons, D. Iiawkins, P. r'oonan, R. Sntvth, J.

O'Sullivan.

Bayswater: G llookway.

Sul;iaco I. 1 1

.Stewart, R. P. Ry:m, K Norrish.

Leederville T. Norris, J,

E. Sutherland. J. McMormw•, L. Girntt, N. Brownrigg,

I. Todd, 11. Jfurdock,

Cathedral: F O'Sullivan, R. Walker, R. McAdmn. W. Sharpe, L. A. O'Connor, D. L. Thomas, R

J. Miller.

Bast Victoria Park: L. Brady.

Midland function: John Mountain, Il Rigbv, lohn Travers, James Wade, John Collins, R. \lever.

South Perth: Alan ifall, L. Phipps, Kevin McLernon, P. Pike. R. Fraser.

West Perth: James Yozzi, J. Isaia, \' Fitzgerald.

Fremantle: R. Burns, R. Brown, P. I. Gannon. L. Gimblett, J. D'Alton, J. McGlynn, D A. Morrissev, R. Grant, John Higgins. M.(,really.

Carlisle: T Lally, 1'. Landw•ehr.

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Requisites

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Also at Country and Metropolitan Yards

Hotel and Accommodation Guide COUNTRY.

DUKE OF YORKHOTEL, NARROGIN.

Reconditioned and Refurnished. New Lotmgs,Dining Rooms, and Commercial Rooms, ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth).

GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, iIANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL, Cnr. HANN„N & NETHERCOTT STS., KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR ., ,. Proprietor.

'Phone 19.-....... Box 124. AUSTRALIA HOTEL) KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St.Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooms. Refrigeration Throughout. Only Lock-Up Garages in the CentreofTown. Ni. J. DiLLON;Licensee.

FREEMASONSHOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent Cuisine. Amatice Refrigerator Installed. Old and New Friendsare Cordially Welcomed, MRS. E. WING, Proprietress.

STAN. O'BRIEN.

COURT HOTEL PERTH.

'Phone: B4261.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE.

Overlooking the Ocean. SuperiorAccommodation, Moderate Charges, M. BYRNE (Late of Grand and Shamrock Hotels, Boulder).

VICTORIA HOTEL, HAY STREET, SUBIACO. Renovated Throughout. Essence of Comfort. W. F. ARTIS, Proprietor. rLateof BalmoralHotel,Vic.Park)

KEOUGH'S for CATERING AnyNumber, Place,orTime.

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Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It is on sale in Foy's HomecraftSection in many lovely colours. Here is agrand opportunity for you to save money by making your own Christmasgiftsthis year.

*•Smilea

Chairman: "Comrades, the resolution is"Thatwedoall inourpowertostop the penalising of any citizen,whatever his opinions." Is there and dissen. ter?"

Voice:"Yes."

Chorus: "Chuck 'im outl"

"Ever been in a railway accident, youngman?"

By jove, yes! Iremember one day when Iwent throughatunnelandkissedthefather instead ofthedaughterl"

"Only last year, in India;" said the bore,"Ifound myselfface tofacewith aman-eating tiger."

"That's nothing," piped avoice."To(lay in acafe Ifound myselfface to face with aman eating chicken."

Merry Widow: "The only consolation Ihave is that my husband did not suffer long."

Friend: "How long were you married?"

A squadron observer was called in by his commanding officer afteran air raid and asked if he had been nervous during the attack.

"No, sir," was the reply. "Iwas as cool as acucumber,"

"I'm glad :uhear that," smiled the C.O. "It appeared that you may have been alittle rattled when you called in that there were 27.000bombers coming over a 18 feet."

# # # #

Wife:"We must getanewcar."

Husband: "What! When I'm still paying instalments on the car I exchanged for the car Isold inpart payment for the car I've got now?"

Tom: "You look seedy, old man. Why don't you take aholiday?"

Tim: "Ishould very much like to, but Icouldn't stay away from the office."

Tom: "Couldn't the firm do without you for aweek?"

Tim: "Quite easily, that's the trouble. Idon't want them to find it out" # * * *

Host: "What apity you have come so late. Aly wife has just cleared away the tea."

Son of Ilost:"Yes, and in her hurry she nearly broke acup."

The young negro recruit was the victim of so many practical jokes that he doubted all men and theirmotives. One night, while he wason guard, the figure of one of the officers loomed up in the darkness.

"Who goes there?" the recruit challenged.

"Major Moses," replied the officer.

"Glad to meet vuh, \loses;" the recruit said cheerfully. "Advance and give

the Ten Coinmandments." # * # #

Wife:"Rut, clear, in this photograph you haven't asingle button on your coat."

Ilubby: "So you've noticed it at last! That's why Ihad the photograph taken!"

\visitor sightseeing in New York City fell into conversation with a negro who began to point out places of interest with enthusiastic civic pride. As they approached acourthouse the self-appointed guide proclaimed,"And thatamthe place where they dispense with justice."

December 15:"Doctor,ifyou getme out of this I'll willingly give you all my earthly possessions."

January

15:"Alary, wbat do you think of that robbersending me abill for£10 for ten visits?"

"Your poor husband's still in bed, then?"

"Yes, he's really- quite all right, but when the doctor came six weeks ago he said Fred mustn't get up on any account until he said he could, and we think the doctor must have gone in the Army:'

Bill:"The finest collection of old china Ihave ever seen is owned by a racing tipster."

Jim: "Isuppose he started with a few mugs."

# # # #

A famous alienist was visiting Bermuda and acertain prominent officialhappened to meet him. The official, after discovering to his surprise that the alienist was an authority, not on immigration but on the mentally un. sound, asked him:

"Doctor, how do you really tell if a person is insane?"

"Oh, we merelyask him afewordin. dry

questions which ordinary people can answercorrectly;"

"What type of question?"

"Well," replied the alienist,"this is thesortofthing. Captain Cookmade three voyages round the world and died ononeof them. Which was it?"

"Oh, Isay," objected the official,"I think that'sabitsteep. I'm notvery good at history."

Two little coloured boys had had a_ falling out, and were sa

yi ng un

ki n

d things to and about each other, their kinfolks, their friends, anything that would leave asting.

"An' look at your Afammy," added Sambo. "She takes in washin', don't she?"

"So'she do;' replied Hambone, de. fiantly. "You don't think she'd let it out on de line lessen you' Pappy wuz in gaol, does you?"

Scot (reading humorous weekly): "Jock, d'ye notice wha' alot o' jokes they make about Scotsmen bein' mean?"

Jock ( dourly):"Aye—all at our ex pense."

Willie was dejectedly walking home from school, and his woebegone ap-pearance attracted the attentio n o

fa kind-hearted old lady.

"What is troubling you, my ittle man?" she asked.

"Dyspep'sia and rheumatism;' replied Willie.

"Why, that's absurd!" replied the old lady. "How can that be?"

"Teacher kept me in after school because Icouldn't spell them."

Aconcert was being held in the village schoolroom, and it became Sandy's turn to give abagpipe solo. When he had finished, and the applausehad diedflown,avoicefromthe back sbouted:"Give us'Annie Laurie; Sandyl"

"What!" asked Sandy, surprised and flattered."Again?"

Wrote anoted London humorist on seeing an advertisement in the personal colmun of a daily: "Woman writerwantsuse offurnished flatette":

"That reminds me of a tiny girl writerette, whowas writing anovelette in the kitchenette of a maisonette when abearknocked on the door and said:'Ilullo, you seem to be quite a thinkerette!' and she said, That's right; and ate him, also afruit lunchette and two publishers."

# # #

"No." remarked the determined Indy to the indignant taxi-driver, after givinghim hisexact fare,"you can'tcheat me. Ihaven't ridden in cabsthere 10 years for nothing."

"haven't you?" he replied bitterly-

. "Well, you've done yourbest."

A mule and atin Lizzie are said to have meton ahighway.

"And what might you be?" asked the mule.

"An automobile," answered the Lizzie. "And you?"

"I'm ahorse," replied the mule.

"Mother, shall Inm out and post this letter?" asked the little girl.

"No, child, certainly not. It's not fit foradog tobe outin this weather. Your father will go."

Then they both laughed.

Dear Cornerites,—Thereare somany letters again this week that I'm afraid Iwon't be abe to find much space to write avery long letter myself. But Idon'tmind that when Isee somany letters from you. That's one ofAunt Bessy's chief de. lights, you know—c

ollectingabig haul o m

fletters fro the morning mail. So, for goodness' sake, don't stop writing. Idon't think Icould evenget too big amail to cope with. (You can try meandseen.

AUNT BESSY. + +

491 Beaufort-street, Perth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am enclosing a postal note for 2/6and the prick card which you sentme. Iwouldlike you to send me another prick card, and I ', ,w

ill fill it as soon a5possible. Ihope Sunday will be avery fine day, as all the children of Highgate are getting Confirmed—Your loving nephew, FRANCIS GIBB.

Dear Francis,—Thank you for filling the card. Another one hasbeen sent off. Sundav wasabeautiful fine day for the children's Confirmation, wasn't sit? Ithoughtit wasoneofthenicest days of the year.

AUNT BESSY. +

5Fifth-avenue, Bassendean.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am returning the prick card.—Your loving niece, PATRICIA DOOLEY.

Dear Patricia,—Goodness, what a very short letter! Were you in a greathurry, Pat, orcouldn'tyou think of anything to sav to me? Please do write me something about yourself next time you write.

AUNT BESSY.

89 Morrison-road, Midland Junction.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Having filled my card, Iam returning it with apostal note for two and sixpence. The Inspector has been. Sister was pleased with us, and nowwearesettlingdown for the next half-year'shard work. As collecting stamps is agood way to get money for the Bushies, our class is starting astainp-collecting campaign. We are all hoping so much that you will get all the money you want by the end,if the year, Aunt Bessy, so good luck. Will You please send me ablue prick card'.-1-

ourloving niece, JEAN GRIGG

Dear lean;Do you know. I am quite confident, with the help of all you Cornerites,Ishallmanage toreach the Objective this year after all. I was ever sn thriled last year to find that I'd beaten the Obiective, that I immediately raised it 9. )

ofor thisyear. l;ut, since then, I've been wonder. ing whether that was awise thing to do. But, perhaps, we'll get there wfter all. Idohope so!

AUNT BESSY.

Sacred Heart Iligh School, Tighgate.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I hope the Bushies are well and happy. Iam writing this letter because Ifilled up a card with my money. Iwent to the farm for my holidays and gathered mushrooms. We have lots of fun at plav time and play lots of games together. Ilike school very much, and Ihave notbeenawav from school this Year. Ido not want to miss any. Love from,

DOROTHY SMITH

LemonadeBottle

-ACKNOWLEDGED WITHTHANKS. f s. d.

ALover of the Bushies.,.. 200 00

Dear Dorothy,—It was avery nice little act of yours to fill up acard for the Bushies, and they will be very pleased to hearofit.Ihope youdon't get sick for even half aday, so you won't break that recordof notmissing any days at school. It would be a pity, wouldn't it, so Ihope it won't happen.

AUNT BESSY.

Box 6, P.O., Midland Junction.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I have filled the prick card which you sent me, and I am sending itbackwith apostal note for 2/6. The Inspector came last week toexamineus,andIhaveagood idea that Ipassed in the examination. Will you please send me another card tokeep mebusy? Well, Aunt'Bessy, Iwill close now. Wishing you the bestofluck—fourloving nephew, JOHN TREFRY.

Dear John,—I've been expecting to hear from you for acouple of weeks now, so yourletter was very welcome. Thanks, John,forthepostalnote.Con . gratulations for doing well in the examination. Next time you write, you'd bettertell meexactly howyougoton. Another card is on the way, John. AUNT BESSY.

63 Lawler-street, North Perth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Howare you? I have alittle sitter who is three years old. Myaunty,whoisapoultryfarmer, has got anew baby, and is calling him Ian. How are your Bushies? I am notgoingawayinthe Augustholi. days. Iam very glad to fill in your little prick card with my pennies. I amin StandardII,at school. Lotsof love for you and the Bushies. From MAUREEN STONE.

DearMaureen,—I-IowIwouldloveto met Your little sister.(What is her name?) andbaby Ian,aswellas yourself. But Isuppose Imust be satisfied with the next best thing, and put You all down as Cornerites. Thank You for filling the prick card for me. It was verykindof you and theBush. ies will be Yery pleased. AUNT BESSY. * *

Subiaco.

Dear Aunt Bessv,—Enclosed please find P.N. for fl for L.B., for favours received in honour of Our Blessed Ladv and the Sacred Heart.—Yours sincerely, R. M.

Dear R. M.,—Thank you indeed. Iourfl towards the Lemonade Bottle will help the Bushicsagreat deal, and Iam sure yourkindn ss will he more than appreciated.

* *

AUNT BESSY. + +

Perth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find em closed P.N. for 5s,for the Bushies, for favours received from the Sacred Heart. A FRIEND.

Dear Friend,—Your donation is welcome indeed. Iwish everyone could follow your example and never forget to show their appreciation of God's kindness byhelping of

Hischildren of the Bush.

AUNT BESSY.

31 Ilarperstreet, West Midland.

5Fifth-avenue, Bassendean.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Itis along time sinceIwrotelast, Iamsendingback the prick card with the 2/6. My sister Pat is writing to you. I don't want another prick cardjust yet, but will you save agreenoneforme? The floods at Guildford have gone down a lot. Good-bye. From MICHAEL DOOLEY.

Dear Michael,—Thanks very much forfillingthecardfortheBushies. I'll putagreenoneasideforyou,Mike,all ready for the next time you write. Did thefloods comeupanywhere near your

suburb. Theywerecertainlybad atGuildford. Thankgoodnesswe are having some fine weather now.

AUNT BESSY.

r r r •

Dear Aunt 'Bessy,—Enclosed you will please find f2 for Bushies' fund.

From

ALOVER OF THE BUSHIES.

Dear Lover of the Bushies,Your donation is verywelcome. The Bushies will he grateful indeed.

AUNTBESSY. r r It #

Well'strand Farm, 1lfundijong.

Dear'Aunt Bessy,—Iam sorry Iam so long in writing to you. I've been puttingitoffuntilto-day. Iamsend. ingyoubackmyprickcard and postal note for 2/6. Iwas Confirmed at Piniarraon January 18atthe Bushies' School. There is Sundav school held inMundijongbyJoanLuff. Will you please send me another prick card to fill in? Our old black pony named Prince, who was 27 years old, died a couple of weeks ago when the awful rains were on. He was avery good ridinghorse. Mygeesehavenotstarted tolay vet—Yourlovingnephew, ALEX BETT.

Dear Alex,—When you last wrote You had just got your geese, so it is indeed some time. Still, I'm glad to hear from you, and Iwant to thank You for filling the card. I'm sending Youanotherone. Princewasindeeda , ,

rent age. You must have been very fondofhim. Itseemssosad thatour old friends must leave its like that, doesn't it? AUNT BESSY.

159York-road,Midland Junction.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I have filled the prickcard you sent me, and am sending it back with the money. Later on Ihope to be able to fill another for the Bushies. At present I arm helping with the stamp collecting, so you see, Aunt Bessy, Imean to try and keep that resolution. Will you please send me the address of aboy Bushie about my own age (eleven years),whomightlikemetosendhim some books?—Yourloving nephew, TREVOR MARSHALL.

Dear Trevor,—Thank you for

your kindness to the Bushies, and I'm getting quite excited about the stamp collecting, Trevor. IthinkIcansafely depend on your children to see me through. Iwill send you aBushy's name and address, and I'm sure he'd like you to send him some books.

AUNT BESSY,

11 Rason-avenue, Bellevue.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—You will be pleasedtoknow Ihavefilledmyprick card, and Iam enclosing a2/6 postal note. Imust apologise for not sending the stamp for my prick card. If all your nieces and nephews did that you would not have any money for theBushies; itwouldallgotothepost office instead. All ourroomhas written to you and we think it great fun toseeourlettersin"The Record."We are all having races to fill our prick cards. Iwant to send some holy books to aBushie about myown age, agirl twelve years old, so wilt you pleasesendmeanaddress,AuntBessy? Love to you and the Bushies.—Your loving niece,

MAUREEN TROY.

Dear Maureen,—Thanks very much for the postal note. You really needn't send astamp for your card, unlessyou want to,Maureen, forIam grateful to you for filling the card only. Iam glad you are all pleased to see your letters in print. If you have any little poems or stories you havewritten you cansendthem along, too, and Iwill print them if they are good enough. I will send you a Bushy's address. AUNTBESSY.

SARA&COOK

LTD. 4

J

AFriend.............. 50

Francis Gibb..........

Patricia Dooley........ JeanGrigg..........,. Dorothy Smith........

JohnTrefry

.........,„

Maureen Stone..

SfichaelDooley..

,.......

Alex Bett............

Trevor Marshall........

MaureenTroy

..........

.. I 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 .. 2

Dear Aunt Bessy,—This is the first time Ihave ever written to you. Sister reads us your Corner from "The Record." and saysyou are not getting enough help. Iam twelve years of ❑ge and in Standard VI. Igo toSt. Brigid's School, MidlandJunction. Will you please send me aprick card? I will close now. With tots of love to You and the Bushies—Your loving niece,

MARJORIE ITUNT.

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Dear Marjorie,—Sister has done me avery great favour, by helping me to enroll so manv new members into the Corner. Iam ever so pleased to see so many children from Midland writ. ing to help the Bushies. Ihave sent the card, Marjorie, and Iexpect You will have started to fill it when You read this. Thank you for Your kindness. AUNT BESSY.

Wiish to advise their numerous clients that theyarecarrying ontheirbusiness in temporaryPremises,495Murray-street.'Phone B5121. Whilstsomelinesarenotavailable, alargerangewill beavailableand increased fromdaytoday.

CONSULT ...

Marriage and Virginity

(Continued from Page 4.)

sure virginitatis honore"—having the joys of motherhood and the virginal iignity." She alone bears the unique title of honor: Virgin-Mother. For that reason she is the model for both states of life, for married persons as well as for virgins; and from her we leantthatthedifferencesbetweenmarriage and virginity may never rightfully result in opposition between the adherents of these two states of life. Rachhasaninner,positiverelationship to the other.

Thosecalledto the virginallifemust cherishaprofoundreverenceforthevocationof marriage. Theymust never forgetthatmarriageissacredandthat married persons are sanctified by this great and holy sacrament. St. Cyril ofJerusalem gives an earnest warning to virgins:"While observing continence...benotpuffedupagainstthose whochoosewedlock. 'Formarriageis honorable, and thebed undefiled; as aith the Apostle." To this reverence for marriage must be joined moreover aspirit of humble gratitude, forChristianmarriageisthe divine gardenthat brings forth virgins and it is through the sacrifices of Christian parents that thehappinessofthevirginallifeisoften madepossible. DedicatedvirginitypresupposesthecallofGodandis.thefree gift of His divine mercy. He is not bound by any prior conditions of nature: Ile can, and does, bestow His

gift also to children born out of wedlock or to the offspring of"bad marriages." But experience teaches that inthismatter,too,supernaturenormally builds up on nature, i.e., that God usually bestows the vocation on members of religious anrd high-principled families.

If,aswehaveseen,thevirginalstate is dependent on that of marriage, the converse likewise holds true. Virginity ennobles and strengttens the vocation of Christian parenthood. The grace of the sacrament, it is true, enableshusbandand wife toobserveconjugal chastity and fidelity and to remain free from the tyranny of lust. Besides this direct sacramental assist, ance, however, there is also another, more mediate aid, deriving from the communitylifeoftheChurch. Theindividual Christian does not merely live his spiritual life in the community, he also lives off thecommunity, and to a far greater degree than he ordinarily suspects. From the virginal life a powerful hidden force carries over to those in the married state. In the moments especially when inner danger threatens the very structure of their marriedlifeandloyalty, theywilldraw upon the strength which they see exemplifiedinthelifeofvirginityinorder to preserve the integrity of their own marriage bond. But that is not all. More than themere powerofexantpuc isoffered them. In virtue ofthecomFOR

RING B141.

Che Record

OfficialOrganof theArchdioceseofPerth ESTABLISHED 1874

munionof saints, married people hays areal share in the conquering fortitudeofvirginswhothroughGodsgrace and perosnaldecisionhave attained to the complete renunciation of self; the strength of virgins will help married personstorealisetheidealoftheirown state.

However much, therefore, we hope andpraythatourtimesmaybeblessed withmanygodly-mindedChristianparents,andamongthemsuclrwhoseholiness oflifewill be officiallyrecognised by the Church, it remains equally imperativethatourgenerationbegranted animpressivenumberofsaintlyvirgins. It can indeed be said that every age in which marriage suffered decay likewise witnessed asad depletion in the ranksof holy virgins. Justas it was no mere coincidence that in the socalled Reformation of the sixteenth century the rejection of the Church went hand in hand with the rejection of virginity,soalso it wasnot an accident that the ideal of marriagebegan tovanishatthesametime. Thishappened notmerely because of thesecularisation ofmarriage, but because the ideal of the virginal life had been repudiated. That ideal hadcontributed mightily to exalt Christian marriage aboveagainstpagandegradationsinthe first centuries of the Church; and the wholeofsubsequenthistorytellsasimilar story. Who can doubt that this sameidealoffers us asurepath to the restoration of sound and holy married life in our own day? And it is in thewritingsoftheFathersthatwefind thegreatnessofvirginitymostcogently stated. Thetreaties ofSS. Ambrose, Method,Jerome, Auugstine, to name onlyafew,wouldbeaneffectivemeans ofenkindling anew thesparkof enthusiasmforvirginityinourownmaterialistic age.

Marriage and virginity are linked togetherinmostintimateharmonyinthe mysteryofChurch,the BodyofChrist. .Marriage,orthebondofconjugalunity between husbandand wife,isasymbol of thehigher unity and the supernaturalloveexistingbetweenChristandthe Church; it associates the married pair with thic unity of Christ and Church and makes them sharers in the grace of love whereby Christ gives Himself to theChurch and tosouls. Virginity establishes the closest community of life and love between Christ and the virginalsoul; for, a, the rite of consecration of virgins says, "these loftier souls.,.would notimitatewhatisaccomplishedbytheweddedstate,butde. sire with ardent love that which marriage mysteriously prefigures": virginity more perfectly than marriage realises in itsinnerbeing the mystery of the Church.

It is noteworthy that the Roman Pontifical designates Epiphanyand the octaveof Easter(in albis Paschalibus) as theproper days for the solemn rite of virginal consecration. The octave of Easter, the great baptismal clay of theChurch, was most likely chosenbecause virginity has the role ofpreserve ing unsullied the robe of baptismal innorence and of bringing to completion the espousa of the soul dith Christ which haptism began. The Epiphany feast is the great nuptial feast of Christ and the Church: virginity, however, unlike marriage, is not just an imageandre-presentationofthesacred unionofChristandtheChurch,butby it Christ enters directly, as Ile does withtheChurchherself,intospousalre. lations with the human soul. Epip. hany in particular, therefore, casts a heavenly radiance upon both marriage and viriginity. The married and virginal life blossom forth from the same soil and the same root, and therefore, too, they must continue to grow to fall stature together, mutually strengthen and perfect each other—in Christ and the Church.—Euso Mayer, O.S.B.