The Record Newspaper 23 May 1945

John

Australian Airman in the Polish Underground Army

Thrilling Experiences with Gestapo in HumourintheMidstof SacrificeandDanger...

By W. BESTERIIAN.

I'irst of all he spoke over the telephone. He spoke from the railway station in Washington; he had arrived •from New Yorkand wantedtosee me urgently. Ithought that in putting clown the receiver he had said in Polish,"Goad-bye to you." Naturally I musthave made amistake, for he had introduced himself as Flt,/Lieutenant X; the name sounded very British and he added that he was an Australian airman who had recently arrived from London.

Afew hours later he smilingly entered myroom. He wasrather short, masculine with dark, bright eyes, a (welliformed nose, and somewhat unwieldy thick hair. On his uniform were the ribbons of Australian decorations;including the Distinguished Flying Cross. He spiritedly shook my hands and said very clearly and almostwithoutatraceofforeign accent, "Good-dap," in Polish. Noticing the amazement in my eyes he added with asmile of aboy who had played a successful joke,"Yes, Ispeak Polish, iwhv not—have Inot spent two years in Warsaw?"

"When?" Iasked,"before the war? But you are not more than twenty, five therefore... "

"Before the war!" Ile gesticulated. "Why, before thewarIwasin Sydney where Istudied medicine when the warstarted. Iwas in Warsaw recently, Ileft in May, 1941. Iserved in the Underground Army...."

For two

days, with interruptions, 1 listened to Flt./Lieutenant X's story, which will remain amongst the most impressive legendsof this war. IIe is writingit, but we willhavetowait for the appearance of the hook by the Australian.airman who was asoldier • of the Polish Underground Army. One cannot circumvent regulations guardingmilitarysecrets. Ile sate alot; he experienced even more.

One can divulge very little of what hesaid,buteven that-which isallowed sounds like an impressive fairy tale written with blood, sacrifices courage and humour. For he does not lack humour which Iparticularly admired was acquired-in Warsaw and its suburbs. Ile lived in the suburb of Saska Kepa for eighteen months with amanwhomhelovedlikeafatherand brotherin one, andforwhomhe would give the very last drop of his own

blood and whose real name he only heard in Brussels on the way from Warsaw to London. The name was revealed to him by a "contact" from Warsaw.

Hejoined thearmy straight from the University. From Australia he proceeded to Canada, where he was trained as aFighter Pilot. Then to England, where he happened to arrive duringthelast monthsoftheairbattle forthedomination of theBritishChannel. Ile was flying aSpitfire in the squadron of the famous late Paddv Finucane. He was shot down over the Channel and rescued by Germans. Ile was aprisonernow and wastransported to the east, one ofthenumerous internment camps for airmen. The planningofan escape, the unsuccessful escape, the rapture, the punishment, fresh plans, long and difficult, requiring as much cunning as courage—that is along story of many, many months during which the nerves, the spirit and the body underwent identical tortures.

Theyescaped at last—and they were not caught. Thev were immediately taken care of by the powerful Polish Underground Movement. which safely concealed them in Warsaw. Here began Flt./Lieutenant_X's Polish life,

He knows Warsaw probably better than most who had lived there for years. Ile loves the city because he has seen it not beautiful, warn and homely, like Poles in pre-wardays, but mortally wounded, suffering, fighting, and which took care of him as an ac. tual son. The people of Warsaw also opened their hearts. Thev concealer) him, fed him, gave him arms and taught him—the son of the Antipodes —to fight the Germans in military actions, planned by the staff of the Polish Home Army.

Ile knows \Warsaw well, because he tramped many time ,

;from one end of the city to another, from one suburb to another. Ile walked or went by tram. Ile carried out orders, communicatedwithstrangers, whom he admires and of whom he speaks with moisteyes or with clenched fists when he recalls what is being said of these men; his magnificent comrades-in-arms in the fight against the Germans; in radio broadcasts, in contemptible publicationsof theenemy,ormaybeworse than the enemy—the traitor....

Ile wants to be most exacting on everything which he desiresto explain.

If youcan'tprocureintownwhat you require, TRY US. 'Phone:

Ile does not want to leave out one man, nor one Warsaw street, of which he speaks with as much warmth as he does of the people. We spent many hours punctiliously writing down the names of many men, women, children, and even dogs, for some of the Warsaw dogs found awarm affection in the heartofthe Australianairman, the names of streets, squares.and buildings, as well as various Polish words, which Flt./Lieutenant X pronounces eery correctly, butwhose spelling is as foreign to him as it is important.

"How do you write Kazio, Stela, paczki, passport, cholera, Volksdeutsch, Senatorska, Aleja Szucha, Dworzec Glowny, popielniczka?" The list became endless.

"Popielniczka?"("ash tray"), Iask. ed after awhile. "But what has an ash tray to do in your story and especially in the Polish equivalent and not in English? If Iam not mistaken you are writing in English and, therefore, only names of people and streets and some very characteristic words willbegivenin Polish,isthatnot so?"

"Naturally, but 'Popielniczka; he pronounced remarkably well and with asmile the combination of the letters "CZ" and "K;" "this'Popielniczka' savedmylife; therefore,Imustimmor. talise it in itsoriginal Polish spelling."

"You see," he became more serious, "as an airman Ihad to carry out certain technical tasks for the Under. ground Army.' I worked for three weeks with acertain Pole who splendidly spoke English; my knowledge at the time was still very imperfect, and one evening Ihad in my pocket several typewritten sheets, the result of our work, which was very import. ant to the Headquarters. Iwas travel• lingby tram to the suburbof Zoliborz, and asalways, to prevent being drawn intoconversation andnot tobetraymy foreign accent. my nose was immersed in the"New Warsaw Courier," that rag published by the Germans in Warsaw. Do you remember before the war ash trays at the side of the win. dows? All of asudden on Wilson's Square—stop! The tram is surrounded by Gestapo and IS men in uniforms. Get out! One by one, to be searched. Inside the tram is very bright, but there isdarkness outside and the Ger. mans can see everything clearly outlined like ml amoving picture screen. It is impossible to conceal anything. People are already moving towards the exit. \[ypapers are beginning to burn my skin. One must decide in a flash of an eye. Idropped the newspaper on the floor as if it had fallen out of my hand. 1bent down and, getting up again, Irapidly took out

Warsaw

the typewrittensheetsandthrust them into the ash tray. Igotoutand was carefully searched, but nothing was found on me; my identity papers— forged, of course, were in order. We were keptstanding for awhile and as nothing suspicious had been found we were ordered back into the tram. Sitting down Iagain dropped my paper, bent down, took the sheets out of the ash tray—mydear ash tray--and put them back in my pocket. Igot out at the next stopping place, somewhat perspiring, Imust admit, Icompleted the journey on foot. How can Ifail to immortalise'Popielniczka?' You realise.,

He says that he frequently used the trams. There is apopular tram joke inWarsaw. Twofriends are standing at both ends of an impossibly overcrowded one-compartment tram. One calls out loudly to the other,"Listen, Stefan, alight with me at the cornerof Nowogrodzka Street; you can come to my place; we shall listen-in to the London broadcasts." Adeadly silence pervades the tram. Stefan pretends thathecannothear,buthisdrien•:l per• sistingly calls out,"Get out, Stefan, it, is nearly five o'clock, we will just be in time to listen-in. They broadcast very interesting information which I hear every day." The passengers are beginning to think that the man is a lunatic. The train stopsafter awhile and the radio listener alights; he is followed by a suspicious-looking individual, who obviously looks like a Gestapospy. Ile followshim step by step as he enters an apartment house and swiftly goes up the stairs without looking for the shadow at the back. Ile enters the apartment. Afew moments later the Gestapo man violentIvknockshisfiston the door. "Open the door!" An elderly lady opens the door. "Where is theman whowalked inhereawhile ago? Nolies! Speak ,Iam fromtheGestapo," Theelderly lady, unruffled, answers that her son hasjust returned,buthe must not be interrupted, because he is at the present moment in his room, listening to aLondon broadcast.... The Ger• man is consumed with fury."What is this? jokes? Ishall teach you, you scoundrels. Ile pushes the lady aside and rushes into the adjoining room. His eyes meet the innocently amazedgazeof themanfromthetram. lie is seated not in front of aradio set, but by the open window, which overlooksasmall courtyard, whence is clearlyheard aradio broadcast inGerman. The Gestapo man listens for a moment. . Yes, it is London, in German, hurling most appalling aecu-

(ContinuedonBackCover.)

The Catholic Answer

Immeasurably Greater . Good May Come Out ofEvil of War..

FutureGenerations Must Respect Inviolable VaticanHasFought TotalitarianismEverywhere

Holy'Father'sCeaselessWorkforPeace

'Before commencing the questions thisevening. IfeelIcannotlet theopportunity pass of expressing to Almighty God through this session the sentiments of gratitude heartfelt and profound, thatmust fill all hearts now thatthehorrorof the warin Europeis over. If sometimes we wonder why God should ever have permitted the crucifixion of Europe and of the Western world, let us remember that years ago He permitted too the crucifixion of His own Son. And if He permitted the one that out of it an immea• surably greater good might come, so we know that He has only permitted the nightmare of the past five and a half years that out of it too agreater good maycome. And that musthappen if His will is done from now on amongst men and amongst nations, if the foundations upon which we build anew world are justice, charity and truth. Whether that will be so rests in our own hands. Faced with the gigantic task of rebuilding a world that has been reduced to such ruin, materially and spiritually, surely we will profit by the lessons we have learnt so painfully during these years of war.

Tortuous issues still remain to be solved, issues upon whose just and happy solution depends the future of our civilisation, and if there is one lesson we s

learnt it is the necessity of respecting the inviolable rights of God, of nations, and of in. dividuals. If that is done justice will

bedone and our efforts tobuild anew world will not be faced with frustration from the very beginning, Already inherhour ofbitter defeat and unconditional surrender Germany has uttered her mea culpa through the mouth of her Foreign Minister, who has pledged the nation's respect for the sacredness of treaties and the fundamentals of the moral law upon which Europe must be rebuilt. Treachery, lies, deceit have made of Europe a shambles; these and the Godless doctrines that"might is right," that the State is the stipremearbiter oflife and death, that all rights, iwhether they he of the individual or of the Church or of any corporate entity, reside only in the totalitarian State. We know now to what lengths exaggerated nationalism can go; we know too how necessary it is that Europe be welded one more into acomity of nations with acommon standard of morality, welded together as was Christendom of old with acommon ideology. And it is nvell to remember that only that ideology, that way of life which is the truth itself, can hope to cement in peace the bonds thathavebeen forged already in the crucible of war.

and with hope. It would be the culminating tragedy of all if we gave way to cynicism now that we stand at the crossroads. True, we cannot, and will not, alter human

Anew order that is not Christian in its inspirationand-in its framework, in its laws and in its conventions, is doomed to failure. Anew order, in

• spired by the spirit of compromise in questions of principle, of expediency before the argument of might alone and the cynical trafficking in the soy ereign rights of smaller States, would not only be fraught with the seeds of another world-wide convulsion but would be ashameless betrayal of the supreme sacrifice that has been made bysomany that truth and justice and freedom may not perish from the earth.

In the heat of the conflict that has been waged over these past few years many things, bitter things and untrue things have been said. Not least of all and most painful to Catholics throughout the freedom loving world has been the maligning of the Holy Father and of Vatican policy in the awful crisis from which we are just emerging. It hasbeen said, malicious• IN ,

and without any reason whatsoever, that the holy See has been in league all alongwith the former AxisPowers, that the Vatican was anti-British and pro-Fascist, that the Holy Father was asquealer over the bombing of Rome, that the Catholic Church was not in sympathy with the cause of the Western democracies. These and alot of other things have been said, and headlined in ourdaily press, but not asingle one of these baseless charges has been proved or can be proved. The l,oly See has left no doubt as to its position and its point of view at any time and had taken up the cudgels with Italy's Fascist regime and with Germany's Nazi regime with every moral anddiplomatic weapon that was within its power to use. With a courage and-an outspokenness that was nothing less than superb, the pre.sent holy Father and his predecessor, the great Pius XI., in Encyclicals and Allocutionsdefied and condemned the theories an,

RightsofGod-

sufferings of Christ in the victims-al the terrible struggle.

Once again the Vatican coffers were emptied, and the Pope appealedtoCa. tholics throughout the world to help him succour the prisoners of war and the homeless millions of Europe and of Asia,

Now thatitisallnearlyover,Idon't believe that the average man everdid place any credence in the wild rumours and the subtleinnuendos andthe straight-out malicious accusations that have been made against the Catholic Church. The responsible leaders of the Allied nations have never suggest. ed for one moment that such things were true; on the contrary, their offi. cial,and unofficial actions have always expressed their admiration and respect for the integrity of the attitude adopted by the Holy See. And Iwould suggest that rather than takeourlead from the often irresponsible reports published in thedailypress, we should be guided by the attitude of responsible authorities who are in aposition to know the true factsofthe situation. And, finally, Iwould like to make my own the sentiments that the Holy Father expressed in his broadcast on \Wenesdayeveninglast,whenhesaid: 'At last the warhas endedafternearly six years of suffering, and a grateful cry goes from our heartsto God. Together with it goes aprayer for the end according to justice of the war in the FarEast. We feel that the fallen are awarningtothe survivors,expressing the hope that justice and equality amongall states, big and small, strong and powerless, may be brought about after this war.

"Reconstruction must now start and the hope that as soon as possible prisoners and internees may return to their families. Toall ofthemneesay: 'Don't falter. Go back to work. Do your part in the necessary work of reconstruction.'

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dpractices of the Fascist regimes. The Vatican had entered the lists long, long before the Western democracies finally took up the challenge oftheAxisandmobilised forwar.With the limited means at his disposal, the Pope all along has done what was humanly possible to prevent theMani• acal excesses of the Fascist and Nazi States. But all to no avail. His voice wasthe voiceof reason,andthey would not listen to that. The only language they understood was the pounding of their cities to rubble and the military thrashing of their once victoriousarmies. And through it all the heartof the Holy Father has bled for the common people of all nations, who havesuffered most and who have been

pawnsfirst in the gameofpropaganda and then fn the game of war. When his efforts to avert tear had proved unavailing, he turned all his energies to the task of hastening the end of hostilities and to relieving the

FOR GroceryOrders RING B141. JamesSheahan 75 BURT STREET, .BOULDER

Purgatory Invented bytheChurch in 1438►. --St.Monica'sWitnessto

the Doctrine

WhytheMassWhenChrist's DeathwasSatisfactorySacrifice?

Church'sAttitudetoFaith HealingandReincarnation

H.H.P.:

In apamphlet left at my door by some sect Iread thefollowing:"The place called Purgatory was invented + by the Roman Catholic Church in the year 1438. The Biblesays that it is the Blood of Jesus Christ that makes atonement for sin"

A.: If that accusation were true I should sav it was atribute to the inventivegeniusof theChurch,butwhat is more astounding still from an historical point of view is that the exact date of the introduction of asupposed fraud has at long last been unearthed for the enlightenment of unsuspecting Catholics. But what of this date, 1438? Of course the pamphletgives no clue, but Ipresume the writer, if he ever heard of it and is not merely copying an ancient calumny, refers to the Council of Florence. If so, his dates are incorrect to start with. The sessions of this Council began at Ferrarain1438, butinJanuary, 1439, they were transferred to Florence. The main work of the Council wasdirected to the reunion of the Eastern Church with Rome. The doctrine of Purgatory was discussed, and the official teaching of the Church on this point was incorporated in aBull of Pope Eugenius IV. The pertinent words are as follows:"If those who are truly penitent diein thegrace ofGodbefore they have done sufficient penance for their sins their souls are cleansed by 'Purgatorial punishments after death; and in order that their punishments may be alleviated it ispossiblefor the living faithful to help them by means of suffrages, namely, the Sacrifice of the Mass, prayers, almsgiving, and other works of piety." It must be noted, however, that the date of this Bull,"LaetenturCaeli," isJuly6, 1439. So evidently our pamphleteer is not accuratein thematterofdates. What is more, if his research had taken him further he would learn that this whole section of the Bull of Pope Eugenius is taken verbatim from the Profession of Faith accepted for the Greeks by the rmperor Michael Palaeologus at the Council of Lyons in 1274. There. foreifthere was any invention of Purgatory on the part of the Catholic Church, the pamphleteer should go back atleastanother twocenturies.

Incidentally, Iwonder if the writer has ever heard of the Confessions of FaintAugustine, whoknew something about Christian doctrine, In the e

leven

th chapter of the ninth book, Saint Augustine gives us the dying words of his mother. "Lay thisbody anywhere," said Saint Monica,"let not the care for it trouble you at all.

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This only Iask, that you will remember me at the altar of the Lord wher. ever you may be." And in the thirteenth chapter Saint Augustine makes his plea,"And inspire, O my Lord God

... thatsomanyof them asshall read these confessions may at Thy altarrememberMonica, Thyhandmaid, together with Patricius her sometime husband, by whose her Thou didst introduce me into life, in what manner Iknow not."

Well, it isnot my intention toprove the doctrine of Purgatory once again, but merely to show what aridiculous and untruthful statement is contained in the sectarian pamphlet. The spreading of such calumnies reminds one of the unpraiseworthy zeal condemnedby Christ rvhen He said:"Woe to you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because you traverse sea and land to make one convert; and when he has become one, you make him twofold more ason of hell than yourselves." (Matt. 23, 15.)

"AtSea," Perth:

Q,: At the Consecration of the Mass, theBreadandWineisbelievedtobe changedinto theBodyandBloodof Christ,andisTHENofferedasamerificetoClod.

A,: That statement is not correct. The Sacrifice is not subsequent to the Consecration, but is effected by the Consecration. However thatdoesnot affect the meaning of the questions you set out to ask.

Q.: Iwouldlike to know what is the natureof the change. Isisbelieved to be acorporal one or a spiritual one?-4e. that the Bread and Wine is then the spiritual Body of Christ or containsthe spiritofChrist.

A.: The Body and Blood of Christ are believed to be really present; the substance of Bread and Wine is changed into the substance of Christ's Body and Blood. Christ is present, Body, Soul and Divinity, under the appearance of bread and wine.

Q.: As Christ made the supremeSacrificeonthe Cross for allpeople whatever time they live in, whyis bread and wine, orits changed form, offered as asacrifice?

A.: You ask how does the Catholic Church reconcile the offering of aSac. ritice,with Ileb. 10, 21-''S, which obviously teaches that Christ offered in eternal andcompletelysatisfactorysacrifice once and for all on the Cross. 'Phis sane question was answered quite recently(Session 1/4/'4,1). If you wish you cat have acopy of that answer. This evening Iwillgivemere• Iv asummary of it:'

1. St. Paul'slineofreasoningisbased , on the contrast between the Sacrifices and Priesthood of the Old Testament, and the Sacrifices and Priesthood of Christ, the high Priest of the New Testament. Therefore he was concern• ed with showing that the priesthood and sacrifices of the Old Testament passed with the coining of Christ— they were but the shadow of the substance of Christ's Sacrifice and His Eternal Priesthood.

2 But Catholic theology, while holding strongly the completely satisfactory value of Christ's Sacrifice, also holds that the Mass is atrue sacrifice, because all the elements of aSacrifice are present:

(1) The Victim. The Body and Blood of Christ.

(2) The Priest. Christ through the ministryof His priests.

(3) The ends or objects of Sacrifice, i.e., Praise, Thanksgiving, Satisfaction for Sin, Supplication.

3, The relationship between the Sacrifice of the Cross and the Mass ds: The Mass isoneand the same sacrifice as that of theCross, though offered in a'different manner. By the Sacrifice of the Cross, Christ paid, once and for all, the ransom of all mankind; there can be no repetitionof theSacrificein that manner—but that does not hin. der that He may offer Himself in another manner for the frequent application ofthatone Sacrifice of Redemptionto thesoulsofmen

... andthatis thepurpose of theMass.

S.J.F., West Perth:

Q,: Whatreply shouldbe madetothe assertion that the Catholic Church teaches faith healing and reincarnation?

A.: Those who claim that the Catholic Church teaches orever taughtfaith healing and reincarnation simply reveal that theydo notknow what they are talking about.

The essential nature of faith healing is that it makes the curing of bodily and mental diseasestheentire purpose andend of religion. This is afar cry from the Church's recognition that miracles of healingcan and do occur. The attitude of the Church towards such miraculous cures is the same as

that of Christ. Our Lord effected manysuch cures of human ills, but this was not the main purpose of His life and work. Hismiracles were pertornted to beget faith in Himself and Ifis mission.

This is illustrated in the answer Jesusgave to the disciples ofJohn the Baptist, who asked:"Art thouhe(who is to come or shall we look for an. other?" Jesus replied:"Go and reportto Johnwhatyouhaveheardand seen: the blind see, the lame walk,the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead rise, the poor have the gospel preachedtothem." (Matt., 11.2-6.) In other words Christ points out that lie fullllsthe:MessianicprophecyofIsaias: "God Himself will come and will save you. Thenshall theeyesoftheblind be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped. Then shall the lameman leap as ahart, and the tongue of the dumb shall be free."(Isa. 35: 41.)

Asmiracles were awitness to Christ, so they are awitness to His Church. Theydemonstrate thatthearmofOur Lordisnot shortened,buttheydonot justify the substitution of prayer and faithforthehealing powerofmedicine and surgical treatment.

The Catholic Church does not, and -never did, teach reincarnation, abelief that the souls of the dead return to earth in successive cycles to take up theirabodein nowbodies. The Catholic Church has always held that each human soul is aspecial creation of God. At the time of death its one earthly sojourn is completed and its destiny is fixed for all eternity.

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Noted American Author Exposes

CalumnyAboutPiusXiandAbyssinia

"War of Conquest Only Would Be Unjust"

,Haile Selassie's Chief

John Farrow, in his"Pageant of the Popes," page384-385, has the following to say about the attitude of the Papacy toward the Ethiopian war of Benito Mussolini:

OtherMeansShouldBeFound.

"When Italy was making ready to invade Abyssinia and when all the fiery ingredients of patriotism were being invoked to stir popular enthlsiasm amongstthe Italian people, Pius XI. made known his alarm and disapproval. 'We long for peace,' he told an audience of nurses,'and we pray God that we may be spared fromwar. The mere thoughtofwaris aterror to us. And now we understand that, abroad, there is talk of awar for conquest, am•arofaggression. That is a hypothesis that we do not wish even to consider asupposition that istruly disconcerting. Any war which is a. war only of conquest would be an unjust war, obviously—a thing which routs imagination something sad bevood wordsand horrible. We cannot think about an unjust war; we cannotenvisionits possibility; and we deliberately turn our mind from it; we do not believe, we do not wish to believb there can be an unjust war.

"On the other hand, in Italy, they are saying that the warof which there is question will be ajust war, because it is atear of defence, to make the fronrer safe against the continual the incessant dangers to which it is exposed; that it is awar necessary now by reason of the expansion of the population, which is increasing from day to day; that itisawarundertaken tode. fend or tomake certain the country's material security; that such awar justifies itself. It is, however, true and we cannot help reflect on this truth, that, if there isthisneedforexpansion, if there is this needto defendthefrontier and make it secure we can only wish that some other means may be found than war. What is this other means? Obtiousl• it is not easy to say. We do not believe it impossible to find another meads. All the possibilities must be studied. One thing there is tchich seems to its beyond all doubt, this, namely, that, if the need for expansion is afact with which we must reckon. the right of defence has its limits and qualifications, and these must he observed if the defence is to he free from blame." As Farrow shows, the Pope spoke in vain and Ita. lian armies invaded Abyssinia October 22, 1935.

it is true that some Italian Churchmen upheld the tear of Mussolini again. st Haile Selassie's empire, But the utterances ofindividualclerics, especially in anation suffering the fever of tear and with acontrolled press, cannot he taken as proof that the Vatican supported Benito Mussolini's conquest.

II Duce himself was motivated, it would seem, by no other idea than the spread of empire. For years he had large maps displayed in Rome to keep before people's minds how exten-

Randolph Knapp (W.A.O.A.).

EIGHT-TZSTING OPTIOLN.

12 ATWELL ARCADE, FRZMANTLE L1582

Industry —Slaves

.:­v th- Roman empire was in its hey day. Ile often gave bellicose speeches. Nevertheless, honesty should make us admit that mauvItalians felt there was justification for the war on Haile Selassie whose empire, which had the slave trade as its chief industry, was accused of allowing slate rairls over the Eritrean border. Yet Italy would have been better off if Pius Ni had been heard. History has proverb that the tearwascostly,unfortunate, and useless to the Italian n.tiun.

Pius XII's .Strong Statement. it times of peace, when men's minds n^ calm, the scholars are willing to admit that there have been few wars in history that could not have been avoided

by examination of all possible Ulans for peace, as Pius Sb. advised in the case of Ethiopia. Some time when the world becomes better civilis. eIit will realise the folly of tear, The Papacy, hunvever, is very practical in facing the problem. Some pacifists would go so far as to outlaw wars of defence againstunjust attackers. 1uu trill find no papal utterance upholding such nonsense, Yet you will find this `ron— stmement in the 1944 Christmas messageof Pope Pius NII.:

"There is aduty imposed on all, a duty which brooks no delay, no procrastination, no hesitation, no subter. fuge. it is the duty to doeverything to ban once and forall tears of aggression as alegitimate solution of international disputes and as ameans to,.aryl realising national aspirations. Slane attempts in this direction have beenseen in the past. Theyallfailed. c\nd they will fail always until the saner section of mankind has the firm determination, the holy obstinacy, like an obligation in conscience, to fulfil the mission which past ages have not unde-talten'with sufficient gravity and resnlution. If ever ageneration has had to appreciate in the depths of its conscience the call,'War on war: it is certainly the present generation.". WEREYOUONEOFTHELUCKYONESTHISTM

Napoleon's Last Days:"Iam aCatholic"

Unique Position of Christianity

"Everything in Christ Astonishes Me"

By J. T.

For six years in close captivity on the bleak rockyisland of Saint Helene had the great emperor, surrounded by afew'

dear friends, languished awayhis life. Here in this enforced retirement did this military genius reflect over the glories of the past and speculate on the things to come.

Ashisapproachingend became more manifest, his mind turned more and more to thoughts ofreligion. Familiar scenes of his childhood on the far-off island of Corsica began to crowd his memory, bringing with them the thoughts of those early happy years when with his brothers and sisters he knelt in prayer around his mother's knee; for he had been reared in the deepest reverence for the Catholic faith. He sought and obtained permission for two priests to be brought from Europe to the island to prepare him for his end. Gone were the thoughts of when he had ridden on horseback the unconquered lord of a dozen different countries. Earthly glory was lost in the realisation of the momentous things to come. His discourse became tinged with topics upon eternitvand thetruedestinyofman in this world.

In his entourage were men who long ago had lapsed intoinfidelity andwere wontas theirkind usuallyare tospeak disrespectfully of sacred things. They smiled to see the evident joy that Napoleon took in looking forward to the first celebration of Mass on the island. They had believed that Napoleon was in things of the spirit much the same as themselves, andweresurprisedwhen he turned and made this remarkable confession:

"Upon the throne, surrounded by generals far from devout—yes, Iwill not detn• it—fhad too much regard for public opinion, and far too much timidity, andperhapsIdidnotdare to sav aloud 'Iam abeliever.' Isaid religion is apower—apolitical engine. Buteven then ifanvone hadquestioned me directly, ishould have replied, 'Yes. Iam aCatholic,' And ifit had peen necessary to confess me faith at the price of martyrdom, Ishould have found all my firmness. Yes, Ishould have endured it rather than deny my religion. But now that Iam at St. Helena, why should idissemble that which Ibelieve at the bottom of my heart? Here Ilive for myself. I wish forapriest. IdesireCommunion and to confer,; what Ibelieve. Iwill go to Mass. Iwill not force any one to accompany me there. But those who love me will follow me"

During the ensuing dies Napoleon. feeling that his dissolution wasnear at hand,pondereddeeplyon the thoughts ofeternity. Withthosearoundhimhe engaged in penetratingdiscussions into thedifference between Christianitv and every other form of belief which has existed in this world. After his giant intellect had examined with admirable reasoningall the known formsofbelief, for in History he was most eminently ,well read, he continued:

"I know men, and Itell you that Jesus Christ is not aman. Superficial minds see aresemblance between the founders of empires and the gods of other religions. That resemblance does tint exist. There isbetween Christianitv and every other religion the disinnee of infinity.

"We can say to the authors ofevery other religion: You are neither gods northe agents ofDeity. Kou arebut missionariesoffalsehood,moulded from the Fame clay as the rest of mortals. Yonaremadewith allthepassionsand vices inseparable from them. Yottr templesand yourpriests proclaim your n-igin. ,

"I see in Lycurgus, Numa and Ma. homet only legislators who, having the firstrank in thestate, havesought the bestsolutionofthesocialproblem; but Isee nothing there which reveals div. inity. They themselves have never raised their pretensions so high. As for me Irecognise the gods and these great menasbeing like myself. They have performed alofty part in their times as Ihave done. Nothing announces them divine. On the contrary,thereare numerousresemblances between themand myself, foibles and errorswhich ally them to me and humanity,

"It is not so with Christ. Everything in Him astonishes me. His spiritoverawes and His willconfounds me. Between Him anyeveryone else intheworld therearenopossibleterms ofcomparison. Heistrulyabeingby Himself. His ideas and sentiments, the truths which He announces, His manner of convincing,are not explained by human organisation or by the nature of things.

"HisbirthandthehistoryofHis life, the profoundity of His doctrine which grapples the mightiest difficulties. and which is, of those difficulties the most admirable solution; Hisgospel, His apparition, His empire, Hismarch across the ages and the realms, everything is to me aprodigy, amystery insoluble, which plunges me into areverie from whichIcannotescape,amysterywhich is there before my eyes, a mystery whichIcannotdenynorexplain. Here Isee nothinghuman."

Later, in reference to the Catholic Church, he continued:

"Suchistheperpetualmiracle of the progress of the Faith and of the governmentof His Church. Nations pass away, thronescrumble,buttheChurch remains, Whatis the powerthat has protected this Church, thus assailed by the furious billows ofrage and the hostility of ages? Where is the arm which for eighteen hundred years has protected the Church from so many storms which have threatened to ingulfit?"

And he further observed:

"Truth should embrace the Universe. Such is Christianity, the only religion which destroys sectional pre,

udice, the only one which proclaims theunityandtheabsolutebrotherhood of the whole human family, the only one which is purely spiritual in fine, theonly one which assigns toall, without distinction.-for atrue country, the bosomofthe Creator,God."

There were young children on the island who were Catholics. Napoleon insisted that they receive regular lessons in the Faith. For those last re. maining days he assisted atMass with the greatest devotion. Then one day he sent for the Abbe Viganli and said to him:

"I wish you toofficiate in my chamberaftermydeath." Ilewasthen detailing his instructions to the priest, when the doctor, who was an atheist. smiled in derision. Napoleon turned, and with his old wonted fire rebuked the doctor,saying:

(Continuedon Page 13.)

Following the Mass from Introit to Offertory.

WhatthePrayersand CeremoniesSignify

Co-offeringtheSacrificeofInfiniteWorth

TheIntroit,

After thepriesthaskissedthemiddle oftheAltar,wheretheSaints'reli cs ar

e, he goes to the right side of the Altar where the Book is, and reads ashort passage from it. The bigBookiscalled the Missal, and this first thing the priest reads is called the Introit. In old days it was generally a whole Psalm; now it isafew versesfromthe Psalms,with sometimesaverseor two fromsomeotherpartofHolyScripture.

You remember, the Psalms are by theHolyKing,David, Davidwasone of the ancestors of Our Lady; that is why Our Lord is called"the Son of David." GodrevealedtoDavidmany things about Our Lord, and he wrote thesedowninacollection ofwonderful songs and hymns called the Psalms.

The priest hasalready said aPsalm with the server, while he stood at the bottom of the sanctuary steps, and he sayssomemoreversesfromthe Psalms later on—just before the Gospel, and also while he washes his hands. So, you see, King David's'beautiful words ofprayerandpraisecomeintotheMass quite alot. We cannot think too highly of the Psalms or love them enough. And inall the world no one everiwrote songs so fullof joy1

Sowhile the priestreadstheIntroit, you can think how it-is alittle bit of the worship given to Our Lord by the great King David, though as yet Our Lord had not been born on earth and David only had the promise that He should be born. So it is right that 'now, as we kneel expecting that Our Lord will soon come on the Altar, we should pray in the words of King David:

After the Introit the priest goes to the middle of the Altar and says, "Kyrie Elcison," and the server answers the same words, and then the priest says it again, and the server answers "Christe eleison;" and so they go on till they-have said the words ninetimes. These wordsare inGreek. What do theymean? "Kyrieeleison" means "Lord, have mercy," and "Christe eleison" means "Christ, have mercy." They have been said in the Mass, like that for nearly 1,500 years. We know that because there is an ac. count,invery ancientbooks,of aCouncil held by the bishops in France. 500 rears after Our Lord lived, and the holy bishop(Saint Caesarius of Arles), who was at the heart of it, explained how in Rome and in the Churches of the East, they said "Kyrie eleison" overseveraltimes,"withmuchloveand compunction," and so he wished his rhurehes todo the same. Sowhen you hear those Greek words, try to sav them in your hearts "with love nnn n:nipunction"(that means real sorrow for your sins) and make "Lord, have mercy," areal prayer for mercy for yourselves and for everybodv else, because sonic people need mercy more th:ul You do.

Gloria in Excelsis. After the priest has said the"Kyrie clesion." he tags in the middle of the Altar and saysthe"Gloria in excelsis" that is"Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to men of good will." You rememberwhoit wasthat first said thesejoyful words. Itwas theangelson the hillsoutside Bethlehem, as they appeared with a wonderful, shining light in the cold, greydawn andannouncedto theshepherds thatOur Lord had just been born. So the priest says that, and a lot more too, for the Church's song of joyandpraise toChristOurLord."We praise Thee, we blessThee, we adore Thee, we glorify.Thee, we give Thee ;hanks forThygreatglory,"and soon. It's avery joyful bymn, and so it is

missed out in Lent and Advent, when the priest wears the purple vestments because those are times of penance, But the"Kyrie eleison" isalways said.

Dominus Vobiscum, Then he kisses the Altar and turns rightround andopeninghishandsout, he says something to You. It is right that he should turn from speaking to Our Lord and speak to you, because OurLordisthe Head,andyouare His Body. The words the priest says are "Dominus Vobiscum," and they mean, "theLordbewithyou." Ile saysthem to you seven times during Mass. Do you answer anything? Yes—at least, the serveranswers for you, aloud, and you answer in your hearts. The ans. weris,"Andwiththyspirit." Sodon't forget to answer every time you hear "Dominusvobiscum." Think, ifsome. one said "good-bye" to you, you wouldn't keep silent and answer nothing; that would seem very rude and ungracious. Well,"good-bye" means "Godbewith you" (almost thesameas Dominus vobiscum") and just as you would answer "good-bye" to your friend, so, now, answer the priest and really wish him the joy that the Lord may be"with hisspirit."

Collectand Lesson.

The priest stands at the right hand side of the Altar, and reads for some time out of the Missal. Do You know what he is reading? First, two or three prayers, called"collects," and then the Lesson, and then a psalm. While he says the collects he holds his hands up, but for the other things he rests his hand onthe book,

"Collect" means aprayer for everybody. That is why, before he begins the prayer, the priest says "Oremus," whichmeans,"Letuspray." So don't forgettoobey,byliftingupyourhearts inprayer.

AllthosecollectsaresaidtoGod (the great God, the one God in three Persons), and thev always end "Through Our Lord Jesus Christ," because Ile told us to pray in His name.

At theend ofeach collect the server says"Amen,"and hesays it for you. Inolddaysallthepeoplesaid"Amen:" "Amen"isaIlebrewwordwhichmeans "Really and trulv.""So let it be;' "I agree." So when you sav "Amen" it means you are making the prayer yours, and asking God to count itasif you had saidit.

After these collects, and without movingfrom thatside of the Altar, the priest reads the Lesson. It maybe a bit of the Old Testament, or some words from St. Paul or St. Peter, or ( ,

lie of the other Apostles who wrote, inspired byGod. There is alot about OurLewd intheOldTestament, though Ile had not been born yet. Tt iscalled prophocv, and the men who wrote it knewit because God revealed it to them.

The Changing of the Missal.

Wecome nexttotheGospel. Up to now the Missal has lien on the right side of the Altar, but when it is time for the Gospel you see the server take the book and carry it across to the left-hand side. That is meant to re. mind us of the difference that Our Lord'scoming made. You see all the things that happened before Our Lord cane—especially the things that hap. pettedamongstGod'schosenpeople,the Jews—were simply a preparation for His coming. We call that the Old Law: and when Christ Our Lord came the Old Law came to an end, and He made afresh start. That is why the Missal ischangedacrosswhen we come to theGospel, because the Gospel tells us about'Our Lord's life on earth. Still, the Old Law was the true reli. gion in those days; and Our Lord did

notdoawaywithit altogether, but Ile keptwhat He wanted tokeepandused itinHisOwn Kingdom. Forinstance, the old Jewish sacrifices, the oxen and lambsthatwerekilledandofferedup— wedon'thave those anymore; thesacrifice of Our Lord on the Cross did away with all those; but we do have our own sacrifice of theMass, which is one and the same sacrifice with that of the Cross.

Well, in away, all this first part of the Mass up to theGospel comesdown from those times beforeOurLord.You know the first Christianswereall Jews. Before they were Christians they used to meet together on the Sabbath Day for their service in the synagogue or chapel, where theysangthepsalmsand read the holy Scriptures. And when they became Christians they didn't stop doing that. They didn't go to the synagogue, indeed, because the other Jews wouldn't have them; but they met together on Sunday and had their own service, like they had in the synagogue, the psalms and Scriptures: andthen theyended up.with Massand Communion, and did what Our Lord did at the Last Supper. So the first part of our Mass now, when the book is on the right side of the Altar, correspond4 to the Jewish service before

Our Lord's time; and when we come to the Gospel, the book is changed across tomark to difference,

The GospeL

When the time comes the server takes the Missal to the other side of the Altar, for the Gospel; and you all stand up. Why?

You stand up so as to do honour to the Gospel. The Gospel is the most precious part of the whole Bible, because it tells of the birth, life and deathof OurBlessed Lord. Heisour DivineKing,sowestand tohearabout Ilim,justaspeoplewouldstandtohear aproclamation from the King of England read out, and also we stand to show weare ready to do whatHetells US.

But just before the priest reads the Gospel,he doessomething, andsodoes theserver.andsodoyou—oryouought to. He make's alittle cross with his' thumbon his forehead and one on his lips and one on his breast.

Itisaprayerthat the holywords of theGospelmay be,first, inyourmind. That is why you make the cross on your forehead. That you may know aboutOurLord,andunderstandallthe Gospel teaches and believe it, and do (Continued on Page 12.)

HolySeeSupportsCauseofVast WorldofLabour

SocialisationofIndustrythe LastResort

Workers Urged to be Apostles in Unions

It is time to"abandon empty phrases" and "to thiak,along with Quadragesimo Anno toward anew organisationoftheproductiveforcesofthepeople"—towardaunitywhichseesabove the distinction between employer and employee, and "joins together all those whocollaborateinproduction"toprovide constantly for the common welfare and needsof all the community— His Holiness Pope Pius XII. said recently. The Holy Father was addressing the delegates and members of theChristian Associations of Italian Workers,

"Our predecessor of holy memory, Pius XI.,commemoratingthe immortal Encyclical Return Novarum of Leo XIII., recalled with what joy it was receivedbyChristian workers'who felt protected and defended by the highest authority on earth'," Pope Pius XII. said in beginning his discourse to the workingmen. "Your presence about Us, dear sons, is testimony very sweet to Our heart that this sentiment and faith are still alive among the working classes. And We, who fully understand their condition, want with all Our soul to support the cause of the Christian Workersand,moreover,ofall the vast worldof labour. We welcome you with fatherly love while We express Our heartiest wishes for yourselves and your associations. We wish to actress to you afew words of direction and encouragement."

Role ofChristian Workers.

Developing several different pointm through aseries of questions and answers, Pope Pius XiI. came finally to the question:"What role'will Christian associations of labourers have in the establishment of social order?"

"Let us make an abstraction from the present situation." Ilis Holiness said. "it is abnormal and leaves for the moment only the possibility of determingaccordingtotherulesofjustice and equity the respective role ofemployersand workers—and these according to their different categories—in en• during the burden deriving from the high cost of life,

MoreThan Agreement.

"Though even in anormal situation Christian associations know that the simple adjustment of agreement between two parties—employers and workers—cannot be established as a firm principle of the social order, even if it

is. inspired by the purest spirit of equity. This principle, in fact would be found faulty at the mome ,

nt the agreement. in contradiction with its own me a

ning, would abandon the path I

justice or would turn into the oppression or the illicit exploitation of labour, or would, forexample, make of what to-clay is called'the nationalisation or socialisation of the enterprise and democratisation of economy a means of combat and struggle against theprivate employers assuch.

Socialisation Last Resource.

"Christian associations yield to so. cialisation only incases where it really appears required by the common wel fare; that is, as the only means really effective to repair abuse or to avoid waste of the productive forces of the rwnity, and to assure the organic ordering of these same forces and to diTestthem to the benefitoftheeconomical interestsof the country, to the end that the national economy in its regular and pacific development may open the way to the material prosperity of all the people, such' prosperity that constitutesat thesame time the sound foundation also for cultural and religiou< fife.

Equitable Indemnity.

"in anv rase, then, they understand that socialisation implies theobligation ofcongruous indemnity, that is to say, calculated according to that which in the concretecircumstance is rightand equitalde fnr all concerned.

"As to the democratisation of econ. only, it is menaced not less by monopoly that is brought on by the econo. mical despotism of an anonymous con. glomeration of private capital than by the prevailing force of amultitude organised and ready to use their power againstjusticeandotherpeoples'rights.

Patronage of St. Joseph.

"The most effective leaven—we can say the only really effective one—to create thissense ofsolidarity, thissure guarantee ofrectitude and social peace resides in the spirit of the Gospel and flowstoyou fromthe IIeartoftheGod.11an, Saviour,ofthe World. Nolabourer has ever been so perfectly, so pro. foundly penetrated by it as he who lived with Christ in the closest intimacy and communion of family and lab our,hisfosterfather, St,Joseph. Under his powerful patronage we place our Catholic labour associations, so that they,in the hourofsuch important decisions and dangers for all the world, may fullyaccomplish theirprovidential mission."

Apostolate ofUnions.

Pope Pius developed his first point by answering the question:"What are Catholic workers' associations for their members?"

They are cells of the modern Chris. tian apostolate, the Holy Father answered,not replacing parishes, but keeping, guarding, cultivating the field of labour and the religious and moral foundations of life according to the needs and circumstances of the times.

Pointing out the activities of the enemies of Christ who take advantage of the difficultiesand problems in the life of thelabourer toupsetChristiansouls, tolead them from Christ, Ilis Iloliness affinr.ed that the presence of such agitation andopposition issufficient proof that Christian associations of workmen forte anecessary and essential means for to-day's apostolate, necessary in all lands, whether the enemies of dominate ornot,foreverywhere theproblems of labour touch religious andmoral interests and require the help of the Church.

Based on Charity.

Continuing the development of this point, Pope Pius urged the members of his ACLI audience to develop an or. ganisation based on sound Christian doctrinerelating to the workerand his family. "flake these associations centres of spiritual life which, richly fed by the sacraments, will extend their beneficial fruits, which means words and actsofmutual, really evangelical charity," Ilis Iloliness said.

"Firmly settled on these solid foundations" Pope Pius added, "the Christianlabourerwillfind at thesame time in these associations the possibility of extendinghisknowledge and hispower in otherfields of his private andpublic life." Butabove all,HisIlolinesssaid, suchall association must contribute towards the efforts of the labourer to bring up his children well and to govern hishome with spiritual andmateriallwnefitsforitsmembers. "Ifitwill accomplish thismission," theSovereign Pontiff declared,"the association will see rising from itsbosom real apostles. labourers become apostles among their fellow-workers­

HolyFatherExtolsHeroism ofWarsaw

PolesWeirtheThroneofChrist How National Saints Have Sustained aGallant Nation

Thefollowingaddress wasdelivered by His Holinees the Pope to the Polish colony in Rome recently. The occasion of Poland's National Day—which was celebrated recently—is a fittingone forareminderofthesacredtraditions and crucifixion of agreat Christian nation,-of which the Holy rather speaks.

"Beloved sons and daughters of Poland,youknow Our fatherlyheartwell enough easily to understand Our feel. ingswhenWereceiveyouthismorning. You know very well that your sufferingsandsorrows.are in truth also Our sufferings and sorrows. These sufferings and sorrows, how great they are. They have grown during the last few years; andin the lastfew months and especially in the last few weeks, they have reached such apitch as is rarely found in the history of nations and peoples. To-day they draw the attentionof thewhole worldtoyourmothercountry. Andthatattentionisespecially focussed on Warsaw, that heroic city so richin noble deeds of the past and so

tragic in its indescribable tor. meats. Anyone who has kept in his hearteven the feeblestspark of justice and humanitywillbedumbfoundedand castdownwhen merelyhearingorread. ing its story-

. But the story that is told of Warsaw allows one barely to perceive the terrible reality.

TheCrucible of Warsaw.

"Warsaw! City brightened by the charm ofculture towhichevenforeigners have yielded! Warsaw! City turned by its own citizens into aring of

fire, whose fire notonly burnt those who fought but which made women and tiny children, cut off and isolated from the world, go through indescribable physical and moral torments! A ring of fire,?'Nay, acrucible. in which gold of the finest grade kbeing purified and ennobled. Although We feel the deepest svmpathy at the sight of this unendurable suffering. We feel an even deeper admiration, which makes Us bow low before the heroism bothof those who fought and survived and of those who fought and fell. Thev all showed the worldtowhat heights hero ism can reach—that heroism born of and maintained by the noblest sentiments of human honour and by the strongest convictions of the Christian faith.

The Throne ofChrist.

"it was only afew weeks agn that, in the Hall of Benedictions, your othcers, movedby an impulseoffiliallove and religious awe, begged the special favourgranted to themfrom thedepth of Ourheart—the favour to he permitted to wear on their shoulders the representation of the throne on which is seated Christ, the Kingof Nations and the Prince of Peace. It was atouch. ing gesture, asymhol visible,to God of the very deep sentiment dominant in thesoulsnotonlyofthosefewmen but also of their whole nation. We can also rightly add that it was agesture which eloquently symbolised the invisible values.

"The whole of mankind; of which Christ is the Ilead, and the true pros. perity of the nations of which Ile is King, the durability of the peace of which Ile is Creator and Prince, have as their most unshakable foundation justiceand therespectofrights,especially the rights of those who are weak. er.Whenthe world becameitselfagain, afterthiswhirlwind ofmadness hatred andcruelty isover, and,contemplating withhorror the fullextentofitsralamitv,starts to regain itsbalance.then it will recognise—and will have to recognise- Poland's share in the work of its deliverance. This is why ahvmn of Our unshakable hope mingleswith Our

tears of sympathy and with the rapture of Our admiration. The shoulders which bear the Cross of Christ withprideandlove, andwhichsupport the Saviour's Throne, such shoulders can indeed be martyredbut will not give way under the burden of adversity. The bravest of the brave may perish—"visi sunt oculis insipientium mori"—and in the sight of the foolish seem to be dead; but, in reality, all those who died in thegrace and peace of OurLord are the mostpraiseworthy ofvictors. AndWeseemtoseeabove in the Glory of the Lord, that those victims, dear to the Lord, sacrificed that peace may come, those heroes for whomyouonthisearthshedyourtears —andWetoo„shedOurtearsforthem togetherwith yours—join theirprayers to the intercessions of all your saints: Bishop Stanislaus (Szczepanowski); Jan Kanty; Jacek (Ddrowaz); AndrewBobola thePeerlessDlartyr;Josaphat, theApostle of Reunion.

The Polish Saints.

"And how could Weto-day,aday so neartohis feast clay,notmentionwith particular warmth asecond Stanislas, the angelic Kostka, faithful to the devoted alliance which he had so gloriously kept with his beloved Fatherland? To mention but afew events: itwas to him that KingSigismund III. turned inhis fear during))iswaragainst the Infidel. Ile had the head of St. Stanislas brought to him from Rome. and behold, while the precious relic was crossing the frontier of Poland, he won the first victory of Chocim as areward of his. faith. Or take the fortress of Przemysl, which, surrounded from all sides, lost all human hope, it took the name of Stanislas as its battle-cry, and with the cry of 'Blessed he Stanislas Kostka!' the defenders crushed the pincers which were strangling them. Lublin and Lwow were the next to reap the miraculous consequences o' their faith in St.Stan.

(Continued on Page 7.)

EightyPerCent.ofthe Population... Are Afflicted with Some Form of Spinal Defect, that is the cause of so much Nervousness, Indigestion, Headache, Rheumatism, Nfental Weakness, and other grave and dangerous Diseases.

Bishop Von Galen Liberated By Allies

The news from the European front has brought two particularly interesting items to Catholics. One is the liberation of Cardinal IIlond, Primate of Poland, after havingbeenaprisoner of the Gestapo for the past fourteen months; the other is the liberation from the Nazis of Count Von Galen, Bishop of Munster, who is now safe in Allied-occupied territory.

It may seem strange to use the word "liberation" of aGerman Bishop, but the word is justified by the Bishop's record of defiance of Himmler and the persecution he suffered at the hands of his henchmen.

Bishop Von Galen, his Cathedral, palace and theological seminary in Munster, battered into ruins by Allied bombers, was discovered in the HospitalofSt. Francis at Sedenforst,asmall town twelve miles to the south-east of hisSeecity. Ile hadbeenlivingthere ever since his palace was destroyed.

To aReuter's correspondent the Bishop said:"Iwant peace for all men— British, Americans and.Germans." Ile refused to commit himself about the new order of things, saying: "When there ispeace, then Iwill speak."

As adefender of the Church against the Nazis, Bishop Von Galen ranks high among aHierarchy who have never failed to speak out for. their Faith in the face of threats andpersecution. His people of Munster vividly remember the occasion when Gestapo officials came to arrest him after he had preached -in his Cathedral. agents protested: "You cannot come intothestreets with us like that." The Bishop replied:"Only in my official robes will Igo to gaol with you. All thatIhave done Ihavedoneasaser. vant of the Church." Overawed, his would-becaptorsleftwithouthim, and the Bishop went on to the balcony of

Papal Address

(Continued from Page 0.)

islas. King Jan Kazimierz stood guard before hispicture at Lublin: the victory of Beresteczko rewarded his prayers. The brave Sobieski venerat. ed the Blessed Youth as the patron of hisarmies; tohisintercessionheascrib. ed thesecond victory of Chocim. By these victories, Heaven made manifest the fruits of this alliance. And so Pope Clement S, purposely breaking a rule that the Holy See appointed only canonised saints as official and liturgical patrons, solemnly proclaimed the Blessed Stanislas Kostka to be Patron of Poland, inhis Brief, Ex Injuncto,of Tanuary 10, 1074.

OurLady of Czestochowa.

/

"These proofs of the particular and powerful protection of the young saint are sustaining your brave souls during the terrible events through whichyour belovedfatherland ispassing. And so We realise why your hearts do not fail in spite of the hard and long trials which have been allotted you by the inscrutable will of Providence. Your hope,bornofsomanyprayers,somany yearsandsomuchbloodvaliantlyshed, remains forever bright. You can sing as enthusiastically as ever before Wybicki's resounding hymn, 'Polandisnot yetlostl' For your Queen,Our Lady of Czestochowa, is watching over her kingdom from the heaven above. At herintercession, God willwipeall tears from vour faces and will bestow upon you His most abundant favours in reward for your sufferings.

"As an earnest of these favours, We bestow Our fpostolic Blessinguponall ofyou,allyournearestandclearest.and all v_our fellow countrymenwhom you are representing here."

STURMER AND SON, (Late Hallioo's),BsasRa 90 JOHN STREET, NORTIFREMANTLE. (Tel.2739.)

Prise Winners Royal Show. DeliveriesThroughouthemands.

his house to acknowledge the acclama. tions of the crowd helow.

Then there is the by now classical story of his retort to two Gestapo agents who protested while the Bishop was preaching of Our Lord as the pro. tector of the young and warning those who would lead youth astray from the Church. Interrupting the Bishop, -theyaskedhowChrist,,whowasabath-. elor, could knoww anything about children. There was amoment's pause, and the Bishop said in solemn tones: "i will not have the Fuehrer insulted in this House of God or hear slanders against him."

Bishop Von Galen was one of the first German Bishops to come to grips with Nazism. In 1934 he replied to Rosenhurg's "Myth of the Twentieth Century"witha2W-page bookentitled. "Anti-Rosenburg." He had it printed as asupplement to his diocesan gazette to avoid censorship, for Bishops' communications with their clergy were privileged under the Concordat. Soon the "supplement" was selling separateIv in bookshops and news stalls throughout the country.

This incident led to the first riots against the Nazi Party. The German authorities sought to revenge themselves by takingdown the crucifix in the schools of Cloppenburg, a town in Munster diocese. But they desisted when the local population marched to theschoolstodefendthem. The news of this successful revolt spread throughthecountryandhelpedto stiffen resistance against Nazi persecution. Some peopleculdnotbelieve that the people of Cloppenburg would dare to take such action and they put the reports down t.. rumour. When this came to the Iishop's ears he wrote to thank the administrator of the Cloppenburgpartofthe diocese for the de. fence of the schools and he recounted every incident in the occurrence. This again was printed and circulated and the sceptics believed.

It was an American Catholic chap. lain Rev. S. F. Kenny, who brought the news to Cardinal Hlond that he was free. His Eminence was known to be in"house confinement" at the convent of the Sisters of Charity in Widenbrvck, and Father Kenny entered his cell to tell him that Allied troops were in occupation of the town. General Simpson put the Cardinal aboard his personal'plane and he arrivedataParisaerodromelastSunday.

Cardinal Mond has maintained areticence about his treatment when fac. ing press correspondents. Ile told them thatinviewofthesufferings that somany other people were undergoing hedid not wish to talk about his own.

Ile added thatthetasks thatlay ahead made amore imperative call than merely looking back on the past.

it is believed that when theCardinal leaves Paris he will go first to Rome. Therearehopesthat he will latercome toLondon butPolish officials here say that no decision has yet been marle in this respect.

it isjust over fourteen months since Cardinal Mondwas taken into custody by the Gestapo. Ile spent two months last year in prison in Paris. during which time the Germans made repeated attempts to make him become a quisling. Ile was told that he would be created the virtual Regent of Poland if onlyhewould support the German administration. He replied sim. ph• and firmly that he would rather die.

When released, the Cardinal was sent to aconvent at Bar-le-Duc and was there when the Allies landed in France. He came within an ace of being freed in the days following the Lrcalothrough in Normandy. Ameri. can troops were only afew milesfrom the town when the Germans rushed him to Germany.

WORTH TRYING,

This is the month of May, and it "may"be yourgood luck to win afor. tune thismonth. It'sworth tryingto find out. Buy aticket today in the No. 258b Charities Consultation. First prize is f2.000.

Russian

O.G.P.U. Methods Disrupt Unions

The disruptive tacticsofmalcontents defying union leaders and attempting to browbear genuine unionists, by staging one-day strike rehearsals in preparation for paralysing the country's national way of life, was condemned in the Circuit Court, Longreach. Queensland, on April 12, by his Honour, Mr. Justice T. F. Brennan.

His-IIonour said: "World institutions, modern and ancient, are convulsivelyundergoingradical changes at present through the influence of war oneverycountry. Menandwomenof courageous stamina are required openIvtoexert theirwillanddetermination in favour of people who are being stampeded by vicious doctrines attempted tobeimposedby recklessmiscreants'seeking power for their own ends. Most of the fantastic theories have in the centuries past, been tried out and found unsuitabe to thesmooth workingof everyday life. The British people have gone through the agonies of injustices earlier imposed by ruthless rulers. Tf one of our hard won liberties, e.g.—'the freedom of trial by jury'—was the only freedom achieved we would even then be justified in fighting in the last ditch to preserve that great bulwark. .

"The O.G.P.U. is but arepetition of theoldbloodystarchamberwhichprevailed in England when the people were condemned without ajust trial. Furthermore, such a frightfulness breeds suspicion and distrust and through hatred divides the people, for, by such a system, you stimulate bureaucracysuchasexistsin thearmy. To resort to the methods of the O.G.P.U. would be repulsive to our fighting forces, who would never tolerate emerging from suchbureaucracyin the army to encounter even aworse form in civillife.

Would-Be Usurpers.

"We all recognise there are many urgent reforms oberdue under our democratic system, but, as we have the adult franchise, such reforms are available without having to be pushed around by adictatorial system. We will never tolerate having to go backwards to join the present standard of he Russian system..

"We have in Australia asmall, irreponsible section who appear to have unlimited financial backing at their lisposal with which to flood the counry with lying propaganda and filthy abuse towardanyonewho expressesdetermination to pursue our own true

and substantial happiness involving a universal trustinourfellowman.These would-be usurpers seem to be bent on disruptive tactics and underhand methods to spread suspicion and hate amongst our people. These malcantents are becomingdesperate and defy union leaders whilst attempting 'to browbeat genuine unionists who are not prepared toput these intruders in their place. Soarroganthas their attitude become that they frequently stage one-day strike rehearsals,especially with thetransportworkers, inpreparation of paralysing and dislocating our national way of life....

"IecentlyaJewishCommunist, inthe person of Dr. Solomon Julius, deputy superintendent of the Brisbane General Hospital, gave evidence in awilful murder case in Brisbane at which ipresided. The oath was administered and Dr. Julius replied,'So help me God.' Astherewassome disparity in the medical evidence. Ilater sent for Dr. Julius, and having common knowledge that hewasanavowedCommun. ist, Iasked him was it competent for him to take the oath which would be binding on his conscience. Dr. Julius replied,'Yes; Iam aJew. and Itook the oath on the Old Testament which wascontainedin thebible tenderedme by the court officsial.'

"I am in possession of the following fact:

"Prior to Dr.Juliustaking theaforesaidoathheappearedbefore the Registrar•General of 1lariages and made an affirmation in which he stated that it wasagainsthis religious belief and unlawful for him totake an oath of any kind.

"I felt it incumbent on my high office and aduty to make public this fact, leaving any further investigation to the Attorney-General."

Back in 1891.

Asked why he had delivered that statement in Longreach,Judge Brennan stated that Longreach was the home of democracy, for it was following the 1891 shearers' strike that the workers of that time laid the foundation of the union and Labour movement. Hesaidthesefoundationswere laid by the grandfathers of some of the young fellows of to-day who were attempting to redress their wrongs by methods which would smash theideals for which their grandfathers fought 50 years ago.—Longreach "Leader," April 14, 1945.

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, MAY 23,19A5.

BishopAdvocatesMurder &Maiming

Bishop Barnes, Anglicanincumbent of the Seeof Birmingham, whose episcopacy has been noted for its determined opposition to the Ten Contutan dinents,hasrecently comeoutagain in supportof euthanasia and sterilisation ofthe unfit. Thereis not much to be said about the former, except what can be said about ally form of murder. But it might be worth while to note this inconsistenc

y: the existenceof Germanconcentration camps at Kiev, Buchnewald, and elsewhere, complete with gas chambers, crematoria, etc., existed for the very purpose the Bishop has in mind. But the whole civilised world can easily recognise such foul atrocities as homicide and demands punishment of those who practise such evil, The Bishop wants precisely similar orgies. When the Germans do it, itis murder; when the doctors do it, somehoworother it magically turns into science.

Scientifically, eugenics (of which sterilisation is the chief means) stands orfallsby itsability to provetheproposition thatit is possible to forecast with certainty the incidence of hereditary qualitiesand taints. Its moral and social aspects canonlybecome subjects for discussion when the possibility of such forecasting; is placed before its as an irrefutable scientific fact. Now the whole case foreugenics seems to hang on the tyorn and shaky peg of the juke case. But one such human pedigree is evidence only of the paucity of evidence, and neither it nor ahundred such pedigrees is of any value whatever as amaterial justification for eugenic intervention Itisnotenoughtoobservepedigreesinthepast,wemust be able to forecast with certainty. Where human lives and souls areconcerned probability is not enough. Certainty is necessary to e

very human case. Two stages, each involving anlininrtnll not merely of investigation but of elapsed time, are essential to the achievementofthiscertainty. ,,

be firstconsistsofdirectobservation ofanumber of human generations on an adequate scale. The interference with personal convenience which such aseries of observations would involve is aformidable difficulty. The coercive power of the Stag would not be invoked, since resistance to such interference, without theguarantee of fruitfu! results, would notbe unreasonable. IloNveyerthat play fall out,eugenics IS notyet two gcuerntions old, and its enquiries have been relatively fragmentary in balk and insignificant in duration. s

Thesecond stage,followingon this lengthy process ,

isthe vc uture ofpre(lictiugthe incidenceofqualitiesor defects in individuals, of collating such lnedi tiou; with actual events, and of repeating these predictions and collations until their correspondence approaches 100 per cent. Two clear issues tl:crefot-

cdevelop. \n} eugenic proposals, cithcr of birth-routrol orof sterilisenun are, and will for along time remain. :Icolossal begging of t':uc question, the none .0as the investigation of human heredity has, at present, 110 place outside the study. This contention is strongly supported by t!uc views of such enrnent biologists - Sir Francis G;bum ('tile originator of the cu;chic theory), the late Sir Frederick ' Mott,

Dr. ]:•.]{adfielrl, Ur. F. A. I.'. Crew, and Dr. Henry Devine. to came but afew. So, front the strictly scientific victepuini. s

terilisation hassolittlejustification that it ntay beconsidered as negligible. But i t

,allycase,it would besheer iutpertinence fora scientist(eve" for onewhoreally knew

hissubject) todecideml eugenic action. Such aquestion is to be(lecided not on scientificgrounds by experts, but oft social and moral grounds by citizens and moralists.

What is outstandingly•

foul and filthy about lllo(Iern eugellics is that, whereas theoriginal Galtonian eugenics were positive, concelttratingoil improving what was strong,thedecadents ofourday have abnost coulpleteivjettisoned this constructive aint and turned to uegafive tacticsof utere mutilation ofand unnatural interference withthe weak. pos

i t

ive eugellics

werekilledby the popular press and "eugenic babies." The original idea was rather aconcentration on the improvementof superior types than on the annihilation (however euphemistically named or executed) of the inferior. There was then,atleast thealternativeofsegregationfor the latter. But themodernsclaimthat theimprovementof therace dependson theartificialcontrol ofinborn qualitieswhich in thecaseofthefavoured "stocks" mighthe aided by social amelioration. This latter must, ofcourse, be denied to the "deficient" since it would tend to delaythe"repressionofinferior stocks." Theexecution ofeugenic pnlicv, moreover. depends on action by the State, for. generally speaking. the "unfit" will not voluntarily accept sterilisation out of aconcernfor posterity. Otherwisetheir"unfitness" would atonce hecntne eneenicall (and even Ill doubtful.

FORTY HOURS'DEVOTION AT CATHEDRAL.

The Forty Hours' Devotion will commence in the Cathedral with Solemn High Mass atS.30 a.m.on• Friday, June 1st The Blessed Sacrament willbeexposed all day on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. Solemn High Mass will be celebratedat9a.m.onSaturday, June 2nd., and the 11 o'clock Mass on Sundaywillbe Solemn High Mass inthe presenceof the BlessedSacrament exposed. The closing ceremonies of the Devotions will commenceat7.30p.m,onSunday, June 3rd.

Feastof CorpusChristi

OBSERVANCE IN THE CATHEDRAL.

Masses willbe celebratedin the Cathedral at 7a.m. and 8a.m. on the Feast of Corpus Christi, Thursday, May 31st. Confessions, in preparation for the Feast. will beheard from 12 noon to 1 p.m.: 4p.m. to6p.m„ and after evening devotions.

ST. MARY'SCATHEDRAL

SACRED HEART CONFRATERNITY RETREAT.

Aspecial Retreat for all members and intending members of the Cathedral Branch of the Sacred Heart Confraternity will beconducted in theCathedral during the first week of June by aRedemptorist Father. The Re. treatwill openonSunday.June3 and close on the following Sunday with a general Holy Communion at 7o'clock Mass.

OBITUARY

Rev. Brother Dowd, of Castledare Orphanage, has just been advised of the death of his nephew, Corporal Thomas Dowd, A.LF., in New Guinea. Corporal Dowd was the third son of Mr, and Mrs. James Dowd, of Cowra N.S.W., and when war was declared this young man joined the Forces, being then only 21 years of age, and was among the first batch to go overseas. After active service in the Middle East for three years, he returned to Australia, and later was drafted with his battalion to New Guinea.

toe ArCoaioc¢s¢

His Grace the Archbishop administered the Sacrament of Confirmation to adults in St. Mary's Cathedral on Pentecost Sunday, Amongst the largegroupofcandidateswere thirteen U.S. Naval personnel.

ARCHBISHOP'SEN(3AOEMSNTS.

May27—

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation atSt. Kieran's Church, Osborne Park.

May 299.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn Office and Requiem Mass, St. Mary's Ca-thedral: Anniversary of the late :ArchbishopClune.

May SO10 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High Mass at"Glendalough," on the occasion of theGolden Jubilee of one oaf 1 the Community of the Little Sisters ofthe Poor.

JuneS:

7.;0 p.m.: Attend closing ceremonies of the Forty Hours' Devotion at St. Mary's Cathedral,

June 8: 7.30 p.m.: Consecration of new members of the Cathedral Branch of the Sacred Heart Sodality.

June 10: 10 a.m.: Administer the Sacrament of Confirmation at St. Anthonys, Wanneroo. 3.30 p.m.: Attend annual Procession of the Blessed Sacrament at High. gate Hill.

June29 (FeastofSS.Peter andPaul): St, Charles' Seminary, Guildford— ;a.m.: Celebrate:Hass. 9a.m.:Preside atSolemn High \lass.

THE LATEARCHBISHOP CLIINE.

TenthAnniversarytobeObserved on May29th.

Corporal Dowd received his education at the Brigidine Convent, Cowra, and after his school clays was an active member of the ffoly Name Society. Details of his death are not ye t to hand. May he rest in peace.

The tenth anniversary of the death of the late Archbishop Clune occurs on May29. The occasion will be observed in the Cathedral by the chanting of the Solemn Office of the Dead and the celebration of Solemn Requiem Mass, at which His Grace Most Rev. R, Prendiville, D.D., will preside. The function will commence at 9.30 a.m.

CATHOLIC GIRLS' MOVEMENT

Sixth CLRT SEAsO\_ Assembly Hall, Pier Street

FRIDAY,

'Phone:B4W.

Seats 2/6 --Booking Free

HowtheChurchproduceda UniversalMissionarySociety

OneHundredYearsof TriumphantCharity

Westralia's First Bishop Plants the Seed in New Colony

It wassaidin last week'sarticle that Dr. Ullathorne one ofAustralia'smost the Society for the Propagation of the Faith is the largest society Uits kind intheworld. Soit is. It isgreatin its extension; it is great in its comprehension; that is to say, it reaches to thefarthestpointsoftheearth,andthe •entireworld is-itsfield. So thatwhen we stop to consider the massive greatness of the Church itself and the uni. versality of Her being, we feel that it is

but right and fitting that such a Church as the Catholic Church should have produced and preserved such a Society.

Weshallseeto-daythat PaulineJaricotsSociety was destined by Divine Providence to spread itself and its influence far beyond the confines of her native Lyons. ThisnewSocietywould callmenand women from the fourcor• ners of the earth and bind them toitself in loving, valiant and faithful service. The time would come when the comparatively narrow sphereoftheSociety's influence of those days would expand so as to embrace the whole worldandchange theheartsofmillions of its inhabitants.

rWith the assistance and patronage of various prelates and lay friends, Pauline'sSociety became a firmly es• tablished institution in the Catholic life ofthewhole of France. Butsuch zeal is often contagious, for in other nations,such as Germany, Italy, and Spain, similar societies arose. These societies,though differing, perhaps, inde* tails relatively unimportant, neverthe• less, have for their object the same great exalted end in view: the"Propagation oftheFaith." It willneverbe adequately known by any one individual what has been accomplished by the Society. The past one hundred rears reveals arecord of triumphant charity: men, women and children freed from the shackles of heathenism pad pp anistn; thelivesofuntoldthousands transformed and renewedby the grace of Godand the patient industry of our heroic Missionaries; thousands of human derelicts cared for in leper asylums and orphanages; the awful darkness of superstition and malpractice dispelled by the teaching and ennohling labours of the same Ifissionarics, 1'he reader, however, can• not be expected to grasp the signifit• ance ofall this. Such workhas tobe seen and experienced to be realised. There are large portions of the British Colonial Empire which, once savage and cannibalistic, received their first contacts with Christian civilisation in the persons of our Catholic Missionaries. To-day, thousands of Catholic voting men and women seek exciting adventure with breath-taking feats of courage and human ingenuity to be performed; others again seekto find in lifeanavenue whereby they may help to make the world abetter place than it was when they first found it. All this, and much more, in fact, awaits theheroic, zealous buthumble missionary in almost every field of the Societv's endeavour.

Thereisnopartof theCatholicworld to-day that is not effected, either di• rectly or indirectly, by the Societv for the Propagation of the Faith. Many a Mission station, to-day established and flourishing, owes its very existence in itsearly clays to the generosityof this Society. In fact, there are not want. ing signsamongst modern peoples and nations that they owe agreat debt of gratitude to our Society. Take Australia, forinstance.

It is over one hundred years since theSociety wasfirstsetupinourland.

remarkable prelates, was the inspira• tionbehind thefoundingof theAustralian branch of theSociety forthe Pro• pagation of the Faith. Father Brady, who later was West Australia's first Bishop, secured theplanting of the Society's standardin the parishes in and around Sydney. Soon branches were to be found all over the dioceses in what we now know as the Eastern States. Eventually, though slowly, neverthelesssurely,the Societybecame established throughout the whole of Australia. To-day, of course, it is a highly organised and wonderfully efficient channelthrough which flowsthat help which is so indispensable to modern Missionary enterprise. For all this, we ought to be extremely grateful to God and to those amongst the clergy whoguideandinspire theSociety'slife and activities. But all this vast organisation and iw•ork would be impossible were it not for the support, both spiritual and financial, of our Catholic people. Yousee, the"Missions" isnot apurely clerical responsibility. It is pre-eminently the work and apostolate of the ordinary Catholic man and woman, boy andgirl. The Societydepends upon you, whoever you are, wherever you may be, to help convert two-thirds of the world's population to Christ. What astaggering proposi tion! But what aglorious vocation! If the cause or progressive work of the Catholic Missions fails or lags behind, it will neverbeGod's fault. The blame will be ours. The God .who was the strength of the early martyrs, who upheld the first Missionaries as they left Rome to convert and civilise the ancient savages, Who inspirecJ with vision and huly daring the Crusaders, is the same God today. ;Nothing can be lacking on His side. If we are lacking

in vision, in holy ambition, or fail to be possessed with arestless, tireless lunging for the salvation of souls, especially those who have never had all opportunity of coming into contact withour Iluly Faith,then welacklove. Love isvictorious. Itis also creative. God is waiting to impart into hearts this divine love. When aman tastes of that love, he will be seized with an insatiable thirst for the salvation of souls. Ile will not tolerate that Christ's blood should be shed in vain for millions of heathen men, women and children. Such people need not be richorgreatorintellectualorprominentinanyotherway,exceptinanall embracing charity. Armed with this breastplate, their accomplishments in the sphere of the Missions would be quite unpredictable! Our Lord has warned us that"Without Me, you can do nothing." it may, with all reverencebesaidalso,that,without us, G can donothing. Therefore, Our Lord, Who died for the Missions depends upon you. Let the Catholics of West Australia, therefore, arise to scatter the enemies of salvation, and to bring ill the reign of Christ in the kingdom of millionsofhearts. The unique and official meansof doing this is member• ship. prayerful and material, of the So• ciety for the Propagation of the Faith. "Adveniat regnum Tuum!"

QUARANT' ORE

MAY:

Sunday: 4th—EAST VICTORIA PARK: One Day of Exposition.

NNE:

KALGOORLIE -

Death of Mr. Johri Walter Sheehan,

With tragic suddenness, the death occurred of Mr. J. W. Sheehan on Thursday of last week. Well known at St. Marv's, Mr.Sheehan was avery prominent goldfields citizen, having resided here over 48 years.

In 1937 he married Miss Irene Heenan, amember of the well-known Esperance family. He is survivedbyhis widow and three young daughters, Josephine, Maurine and Nell, to whom deepest sympathy is extended.

Requiem Mass was celebrated at 10 o'clock on Friday last in St. Mary's Church, and later in the dayabout400 townspeople attended the funeral.

Deceased wasamaster butcher, and his interests included the breeding of thoroughbreds on his Karonia pro• perty, racing and trotting.

Death of Mrs. Emily Houston.

The Sacred Heart Sodality and the auxiliary section of the Legion of Mary lost avery devoted member, when thedeath occurred ofMrs.Emily Houston during the week. To her sorrowing relatives we extend deep sympathy.

Personal.

Ex-C.B.C. Boy Decorated.-

Engine-room. Artificer William Bernard Schwann, recently awarded the D.S.M., was educated at the local Christian Brothers'College. He isthe only son of the late Mr. W. Schwann, aBoer War veteran, and Mrs. Jessie Schwann, of Outridge Terrace, Kal• goorlie. Before joining the R.A.N.E.R.A. Schwann had won arespected place for himself in local business and sporting circles. His wife and two youngchildren live at South Perth.

Mr. Tom Hartrey, well known Kal. goorlie solicitor, who now holds a Commission in the R.A,A.F., spent a few days' leave visiting old friends, after spending the last couple of years in the Eastern States.

1st—CATHEDRAL: Forty Hours' Prayer. (Ist-3rd).

Mrs, W. Anderton and her daughter, Meal, are enjoying acruise up the .\urth-West coast.

Catholic Women's League.

Although the numerical strength of theLeagueisnotgreat,the workbeing accomplished is. This was evidenced during April, when the sum of£45 was again raised for the St, Mary's Education Fund by means of the monthly social and raffle. Mrs. Whitside an. pounced the result and thanked the members for their great effort on Monday last. Mrs. Devitt, of Boulderroad, won the table cloth, and Mrs. Baugh the tray cloth.

Children's Ball,

The Ball will be held in St. Mary's on Thursday evening, May 31, and iudging by great preparations should be most successful.

Combined Clubs' Activities.

These were mostly social this week. The danceon Wednesday andthe Sunday evening social were both great successes.

The girls were hostesses on Sunday, and theprogramme wasofahigh stan• dard. Itincluded songsbyMiss Alice Dorizzi,"The Lost Chord" and "Kil• larney"(accompanied'by Miss John. son James), and the Misses Corbett ipiano and violin), and Mr. W. Hen. neker (banjolin), playing the delightful"Day Break" and "True Blue."

The orchestra was excellent, and so was the supper,arranged in both cases by the girls themselves.

H.A..C.B.S.

Metropolitan Social Council.

Atthelastmeetingoftheabove,held on May 4, it was decided to arrange football matches among the branches. First match will be played on June 3, between Victoria Park, East Victoria Park and all other branches. All intending players please attend. The match startsat2p.m. Thefirstgame willbeplayedatWellingtonSquare.

(Continued on Page 10.)

J.NEILSON ,Optician

S. DANNELL, F.S.M.C.(Londonl, W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST, Tel,: B2014, 16 PLAZA ARCADE, PERTH.

BRYANT & WATERS, 80 to90 STIRLINGST., PERTH. WOOD & COALMERCHANTS.

Orders Promptly Attended To. 'Phone:B3938.

S. BEECROFP—Butcher

181 Rokeby Road, Subiaco.

Drily Prime Fresh Killed Meat Sold 'Phone %01573.

BUNBURY.

LAND and ESTATE AGSNT, G. H. TEEDE.

'Phone 31 .. Private 267 SMITH'S BUILDINGS, WELLINGTONST„ BUNBURY.

Businesses,Farms,Hoses,Land For Sale.

PATRONISE OUR ADVERTISERS.

ALBANY.

H.C. PriorFuneral Director

ALBANY-(Established 1821).

Private Mortuary.MotorVehlclM, ChargesModerate. 'Phone 216.

Albany, Mt.Barker,Deamarkand Districts.

KALGOORLIE.

J. W. SHEEHAN, PRIME BELT BUTCHER.

HANNAN ST., KALGOORLIE. MARITANA STREET.

Tel.438... ... ......Tel.438

Turf

CATHOLIC WOMEN'S,LEAGUE

CanteenDates.

Barrack-street Buffet: June 2; June 27.

Phyllis Dean Canteen: June 11; July

6.

Dunleavy Hostel: Wednesday, May 23; Friday, June 1.

C.W.L. Bridge party at Citizens' Reception Committee, June 6th.

The Bridge party held by Mrs. Goody at the League Rooms on May 10 was amost successfulfunction. Mrs. Goodydesires to apologise to all those whowere unable toplay owingto lack of room.

The C.W.L. Bridge afternoon, in connection with the Citizens' Reception Committee willbe heldonWednesday, June 6, at 2p.m. sharp.

VICTORIASQUARE OLD GIRLS'ASSOCIATION

TheVictoria SquareOldGirls' Asso. ciation is arranging a varied pro. gramme, to be given at aconcert on Friday, June 15, at the College. This willbe inaidoftheBursary Fund,and all ex-students and frie n

ds o

fVictoria Square are asked to keep the date in mind and enjoy anevening'sentertain. ment.

H.A.C.B.S.

St, Joachim'sBranch.

The President, Sr. N. Daly, presided at the meeting held on May 14. Despite the inclement weather, there was agood attendance present. Two new members were initiated by the Grand Vice-President.

The President extended averyhearty welcome to the officers of the District Board, and asked the secretary togive areporton the activitiesof thebranch during thepast year.

After making her report, the secret. ary said she wished to pay atribute toSr. N.Daly,whonowenteredonher sixth term as president,and had al. ways been aloyal and energeticmember. She also stressed the fact that all the officers were most assiduous in theirattendance.

The Grand Vice-President, Bro, D. Felton, thanked the president for her words of welcome, and apologised for the absence'of the Crand President, Bro. Walker. also Bros. Moir and Brown. He wished to congratulate the secretary on her splendid report, and also Sr. Daly on her very fine record. lie was very pleased to

know there was an increase in the attendance at the branch Communions. Ile wouldliketoseemoreladsatthemeet. ings,and hefelt surethatifBro.Reidy got busy again he could easily muster up another thirty or so.

Bro. A. Wall (G,N.) congratulated the officers on their attendance at meetings and also Sr.Dalyon thewon• derful work she has done. He was gladtoknow the branchwasalwaysrepresented at the various social functions held during the year.

Bro. Edwards (G.S.) said he was de. lighted to be with us again, and con. gratulated the branch on its splendid financial position. Ile was pleased to see so many present, despite the bad night and no street lights. Ile then gave abrief outline of the social legis. lation and hospitalbenefits.

Bro. J. Sullivan extended avote of Bhanks to the officers of the District oard, whom we were always pleased tosee.

Bro.T. Hynes (G.D.TJ, with some very happy expressions, thanked the lady members for the most enjoyable suppertheyhadprovided,andtowhich they all did full justice.

HIGHGATE HILL SOCIALANDDANCE.

OnFriday.June1,agrandSocialand dance will be held in the Parish Hall at Sp.m. Old-time andmoderndancing will take place, and Miss Kath Condren's Dance Bandwillprovide the music. Come along and enjoy agood night's entertainment with vour friends.

Catholic

fdllTI1

, 1

Girls' c.c.M. MOVEMENT

Headquarters and

TELEPHONE: B4836.

•

CALENDAR.IOF ACTIVITIES.

MONDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. to 6.30

p.m.

Liturgy:8p.m.

TUESDAY:

Physical Culture: 7-8 p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. to 6.30 p.m.

Dressmaking: 7p.m.

Arts and Crafts: 8p.m.

Red Cross, E.S.C.: 8p.m.

THURSDAY:

MASS: 8a.m.

EXPOSITION all day.

BENEDICTION: 5.15 p.m.

Choir: 8p.m.

RRIDAY: Softball pracise: 5.15 p.m., on the Esplanade.

SATURDAY:

Kalamunda Busy Bee: 1.15bus.

Tennis at Robertson Park: 2p.m.

SUNDAY:

Tenisat RobertsonPark:2p.m.

•

BASKETBALL,

The Basket Ball season is upon us again, andmatcheswillbecommencing inJune,butnames may st

illbe

handed in to Shirley Fitzgerald or Mary Connorforinclusionin thisactivity.There will be alearners'courseforthosewho haven't had very much experience in this sport, which will consist of afew Saturdays' tuitionfollowed bymatches amongst the beginners,

PHYSICAL CULTURE.

One, and, two and, three and, etc. Whatdoesthatremindyou oft You're right again. It' s

P.T., and we hold a class each Tuesday evening—the place, the State National Fitness Centre—the time, 6.45 to 7.45. It's not all hard work, as so many people seem to think,but lotsofgood fun and relaxation, with games, folk dances, as well asexercisesfillingupthetime. Ifyou don't know where to go, come up to the rooms and we will arrange for someone to meet you on their way,

DANCINGCLASSES,

These classes have commenced, and all girls who desire to jo

i n

th e

next class are asked to hand theirnamesin to the office.

These classes are being run in conjunction with the Y.C.N. (Boys' Movement),and are beingheld at the Highgate Parish Ball. Admission willonly be given to those holding admission cards, which are procurable at the office at the beginning of each class.

DRESSMAKING.

The current courseis wellon itsway. and those girls desiring to join this activity are asked to notify the office and their names will be placed on the waiting list,

CANTEENDATES,

Phyllis Dean Hostel:

C.G.M. Group: Tuesday, May 29.

L.B.A. Group: Thursday, June 7.

CG.M. Group: Saturday, June 23.

BRAILLESOCIAL,

The next social will be held on May 30, and all girls who desire to help at these functions are asked to get in touch with the office.

League of Catholic Youth, Subiaco

At the meeting help last ;1londa)' night approximately thirty members werepresent,andinadditionanumber ofboysfrom the Y.C.W., Highgate.

The main attraction of the meeting was the debate on Soldier Preference. Irwo speakers from the Y.C.W. boys presented the case for the affirmative. PatSweeneyandHarryJermy presented thecaseforthenegative.

Mr.J. Daly, the President of the L.C.Y. Debating Society, acted as chairman during the debate. At the conclusion of the debate, Mr. Dalyput the vote to the audience. As aresult Pat Slu•eeney and Harry Termy were declared the winners.

The adjudicator, Rev. Father J. Depiazzi thengave his decision onpoints. He gave the Y.C.W. boys 600 points and the L.C.Y. boys595. In his comments Father said the delivery,deportment, and arguments of the four speakerswasofahigh standard.

Following this another debate took place on whether the school leaving age should be raised to the age of sixteen. The teams in the debate comprised B.Jeffreys and R. Ryan, taking the negative, and B. West and R. S Peirce the affirmative.

The result of the debate claimed B. Jeffreys and R. Ryan the winners.The adjudicator gave his decision in favour of the negative side also. In the ad. judicator's remarks he said this deLate waseclipsed by the previous bril. liant debate, but at the same time he pointed out that three of the speakers were making their first appearance as dehaters.

The successof these debates is great. lydue to theinterest taken and assistance given to the boys by Mr. Wm. Iiegney, ° Dance.

TheL.C.Y.dance,held inSt.Joseph's Halllast Saturdaynight, washailedby manyasbeingoneofthebestyetheld.

There were 170 people present. The orchestra was excellent and the floor was superb for dancing. Anyonewho has not yet received an•invitation for ournextdance,tobeheldonSaturday, June2, and wishes tohave one,should contact the secretary ofthesocial committee, Mr. Bevin Hesford.

Football.

Following o" the great,win against VictoriaPark, I.C.Y. supporters helicved that aclnmfinish wouldbe witness. ' eel in thematchagainsttheclassyEast Perth comhination. However, to the surprise of everybody the opposition won rather comfortably. The final scores were: East Perth, 13.8; L.C.Y., 5.1.1 Ne

vcrthelcssdespite thedifferencein scores, the g: ,

u"e was quite good to watch, and some of our boys played splendidly. East Perth got away to an early lead, which they maintaintd throughout. in the ranks of the the L.C.Y. pace that meant so much the pre. vious week was not in evidence, and something muse be done to strengthen the forward division.

AmongthePlayers.

RoyGreenagainplayedsuperbly and wasably assisted by Gerry McGrardein defence. Bob Healy. although well covered,dirtverycreditably and played alone hand in the forward line. Bill Hodge, alittle slow into stride, but played particularly well in the last half. Keith Moxham was more than holding his own until he started to throw his weight about. Others coming tinder notice were Bill Cochrane, Brian Keay and Stafford.

junior Grade. L.C.Y.wononaforfeit from Western Districts.

NextSaturday'sGames.

Senior Grade: L.C.Y, v. Central Districts, Leederville Oval.

juniorGrade: L.C.Y. v. East Perth, LeedervilleOval; commencingat1P.M. SpecialMatch.

Next Sunday, at Henderson Park, Wemhlev, amatch will be played be. tween Suhiacn and Fremantle, com. mencingat 2,45p.m.

Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Beaten. Stocks of Paints,Varnish, Calcomine. Hassell'sStores,Perth,.. B6307..

RUSSIAN"DEMOCRATS" AND PRUSSIANJUNKERS

"Whatisthemeaningofthepolitical partnership between Stalin and the German Marshal von Paulus? Or let us word the question as follows: what kthe aim of collaboration between SovietRussiaandtheFreeGermanyCommittee, composed of Reichwehr generals and German Communists?"

These questions are posed by Mr. Stanislaw Opolski writing in the KAP Weekly Review, published by the Polish Catholic Press Agency .in New York.

Aclearand unequivocal answer is to be found, Mr. Opolski claims, in the official protocol of the convention of the Union ofGerman Army Officers in the U.S.S.R., published recently in Mexico City. The programme of this Union was formulated as follows by Major HerbertStoesslein:

German Officers'Protocol.

One must start from the principle that wepreservefor ourselves thispreciousinstrument (i.e. the Wehrmacht) completely. The building up of a strong democracy and astrict order needsthesupportofanintactarmyled byresponsibleofficers. Free Germany must guarantee to the Soviet Union that the latter is dealing with an internally and externallystablecommunity.

'How can we reach that goal and solve that problem: to finish the war and yet, to dispose after its termination, of auseful army? . we must succeed in leading the army as an in. tact and useful instrument, under the leadership of officershack from foreign countries into the homeland.

"A new government wil then take care of necessary discharges and reorganisation measures. Under no cir. cumstances do we desire to have the situation of 1918-1919 repeat itself in any form whatsoever."

Russia'sSanction.

The meaning of the above declaration is obvious. The Free Germany Committee wishes to maintainGerman armed might as a "precious instru. ment" for astrongGermany—not only forGermany'ssake,butalsoasa"guarantee tothe SovietUnion."

Does Soviet Russiaacquiesce in such aprogramme? Thisquestion, Opolski states,,

has already been answered by Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs Molotov: "We have ever believed;' said Molo. tov, speaking before the forum of the Supreme U.S.S.R.,"that astrong Germanyis an elementofdurable peace in Europe. Another attempt at aVersailles Treaty would prove atotal failure;"

,\ Soviet partnership with Prussian Tunkers and militarists isliv no"'cans something new, the KAP article con. tinues. As far back as 1920, during a visit of the Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs, Chicherin, to Berlin, General von Seekt, then Commanderin-Chief of the Reichwehr, declared in atoast to theSovietguest:

"Russia's greatest dislike is for Poland, her immediate neighbour and an allyofthe Western Powers. Thisvery fact leads to the closest understanding het'veen Germany and the Soviets."

Should anyone think that the Ares. cut war renders anew understanding between German}- and Russia tactically impossible, let him recollect another enunciation of Commnissar Molotov, made totheSupremeSovietin thefatefuldayofAugust 1,1939:

"The politics of the German fascists werehostile to the U3.5,11.not further hack than yesterday. Yes, yesterday we faced each other as enemies. To. day, however, the situation has changed. We have ceased tohe enemies"

"Such achange in mutual relations between thetwototalitarianStateswas yesterday to them amatter of progress, aproblem quite uncomplicated;' Mr. Opolski_concludes. "Why shoula it prove complicated to-morrow?"

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KNOWYOUR'FAITH SERIES

(Continued from Page 5.)

as it says, andnever forget about Our Lord,

The cross on your lips means that youmust beabletospeakthewordsof the Gospel. "Gospel" means "good news," and whoever heard of someone knowing abit of good news and not tellingit!

The cross on your breast means the life of Christ in your heart. If it is there it will mean that you love Him. If you love Him you avill not be able toloveanythingwrongormean orlow or selfish. If you love Him you will keep His swords and try to please IHill. If youloveHim youwill really want to receive Him in Holy Communion very often.

So when you see the.Missal put on the Gospel side of the Altar, stand up quickly to dohonour to the royalmes• sage and to show you are ready to carryit outandmake thosethreelittle crosses, letting each be areal prayer.

The Creed.

"'hen the priest turns back to the Altar after reading out the noticesand the Epistle and Gospel in English he stands in the middle and recites something, while you stand, too. What he is saying is called the "Credo." "Credo" is aLatin word which means "I believe." Most of you can say the shortercreed,anyhow; and theonethe priest says at Mass is much the same. Youknowthatthecreedtellsaboutall we believe as Catholics. When the priest

stands and says the creed, even if youdonotsay through thewordsto yourselves, too, you should say to Our Lord: "Lord,Ibelieveall that,thatthe priest is saying. I'm quite, quitesure aboutit. Pleasegivemegracealways to believeit,andnever toforgetabout it. Iam glad Ibelieve it. Iwould ratherdiethansayIdidnotbelieveit. Iknow itistrue, because the Catholic Church says it is, and the Catholic Church is Your Own Church that you made."

Doesn't it make you feel proud to thinkyoucanstandupand sayyoubelieve in thesamecreed, and woulddie for it, too, if you had to?

And when, in the middle, you bow your knee that is because the Creed tells ofJesusbeing born, and youbow your knee to worship Him—for'if He had not been born a little babe on earth, there would be no creed and no martyrs, and no Catholic Church, and no hopeof Heaven in the life to come.

The Offertory,

When thecreedisfinished youallsit down. Perhapssomeofyou thinkthis is anice quiet time when you can sit comfortably backin your benches, and think of all sorts of things and not attend any more, until the ringing of the bell calls you back to attention, and you have tokneel down.

Now of course this is quite wrong. Really, themoreimportantpartofthe Mass is just beginning, and you ought to have your eyes fixed on the Altar tosee whatthepriestisdoing,andjoin withhim,inyourhearts.

If youlook,youwillsee thathenow uncovers the chalice, and takes up in his hands akind of little plate, called the paten. Onthisis the host. But, of course, it is not Our Lord's Body yet; it is still only bread, because the consecration has not yet taken place.

Watch the priest.•You will see he holdsup thepaten with the host onit. Presently the little white host is going to be changed into the P.ody of Our Lord, andbecomeaSacrifice. So now the priest holds it up and offers it to God; and he prays a special little prayer in which he is offering it for his own sins and failings; for all those present, and for all faithful Christians, living and dead. So, you see, he is offering it for you. Don't you think you ought tobe attending, andjoining your heartsin that offering?

The priest offers up that host asking that itmay beaway of gettinghealth for life everlasting; that means, that you mac have strong, happy souls for ever and ever.

Sonow,while thepriestoffersup the host, ask -

God the Father to let you shareinthewonderful thingit isgoing to get for all faithful Christians— "health forlifeeverlasting."

►Ti DEATHS ►T.

O'REILLY, Very Rev. PatrickJoseph, P.P., of Corowa, in the Diocese of Wag&a Wagga, N.S.W., died suddenly on May 5, 1945. BorninCou n

ty Tyrone. Eire. , Mav his soul, through the mercy of God,restinpeace.

—Inserted by hissorrowing brother, Michael(Mick),andsisterin-law,Agnes, of 133 West Parade,Mt.Lawley.

SHEEHAN.—On May 17, 1945, at Kalgoorlie (suddenly) John Walter, dearly belovedhusbandofIrene, and loving father of Josephine, Maurine and Nell. A Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy onhissoul. Immaculate Heartof Mary,-pray for him.

►T, IN MEMORIAM ►Z+

DONEY.—Of your charity, pray for the repose of the soul of Frances Margaret, whose anniversary occurs on May26.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

—Inserted by her loving son, daugh. ter,granddaughter, sisterandbrother.

DWYER.—Of your charity, pray for the repose of the soul of Patrick Dwyer, who passed away May 27, 1937.

Most Sacred Heart of Tesus, have mercy on his soul.

—Inserted by his loving wife and family.

DWYER,—In loving memory of PatrickDwyer,whodied Mav27, 1937. Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on his soul.

—Insertedby Fentonfamily.

EDDY.—In lovingmemoryofmydear husband, Ernest, who died May 22, 1926. Also dear mother Frances Stokes, died May 188, 1942. May GodStave mercy on their dear soulsandallthesoulsofthe faithful departed.

—Insertedby C.EddyandMarjory.

SHEEHAN.—Inloving memory of John Walter Sheehan. who passed away at Kalgoorlie on May 17, fond brotherof Nora (Mrs.Tiarks) May Mrs. Hamilton), Frank (Victoria), and Paddy (Lake-street, Perth). Most Sacred Heart of Tesus, have mercy on his soul.

WIGGETT,—In affectionate remembranceofourdearsister,Ida whodeparted this life on May 29, 1932. R.I.P.

Most Sacred Heart of Tesus, have mercy on her soul.

—Inserted by Madge and Hilda.

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"V-E" Day Celebrated at St.Patrick's,Fremantle

The Crooked Cross Goes Down Into the Dust

ConsolationforThoseWhoHaveBeenBereft

In Fremantle,"V"Day was celebratedinSt.Patrick'sChurch. There was aspecial Mass at 9o'clock, said by Rev. Father Conway, O.M.I. There was alarge congregation. Representatives of the Army and Navy were present. Achoir ofchildrenfrom the Convent Schools sang hymns. Sister Gerard was organist. At the end of Mass, Rev, Father Breslin, O.M.I., preached the following sermon:

"This is the day that the Lord has made,let us be glad and rejoice therein."

Our heartsexpand with gratitude to the Princeof Peace for thecessationof hostilities in Europe. To those who knowhistory,it wasnosurprise. Ever since the swastika came into conflict with the Cross of Christ, the writing has been on the wall. It was only a question of time. We Catholicsknew that the crooked crosstwould go down into the dust just like the crescent. With pride we recall that when prominent Nazis asked Pope Pius XI. for an interview, the Holy Father granted it oncondition that they firstremoved the paganNaziemblemfrom theircars and uniforms. The pagan anti-Christian cult wasthen at the zenith of its power. The humiliating condition was fulfilled. The sacred soil of Vatican Citywas never defiled, Later on wealsorememberwhentheNazileader visited Rome our Holy Father deliberately left the city in protest.

We have come here to-day to show our thanks to God that the pagan swastika has been completely removed from the face of Europe. We thank God for three reasons For ourselves, because the horrible nightmare of militant pagnism is gone. A shadow that hung over us has passed. We thank Him for the German people. Many millions of decent Catholics in that countryfoughtloyally and at the same time prayed fervently for defeat.

Think of the mental anguish they suffered torn between love of Faith and Fatherland. Knowing full well thata triumphofarmswouldmean the death knell of Christianity. Millions of decent people have been liberated from the heartless tyranny of the Gestapo. We thank God for the deliverance of the whole world from the vile excresence that befouled it.

What aterrible lesson this war has been for us. We see highly civilised people behave like animals. We see cultured people practise brutality unknown in the .jungle. What awful depths of degradation men can fall into whenGodisleft out of theirlives.

The result is awarning to thosewho would build an Empire on brutality, Godlessnessand force. Theymay-suc.

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teed for a while. The world may tremble at their armed might. They may strut unhindered for a period over the sacred rights of their fellow men. But let them not be deceived; abitter day of reckoning will come. Let them not mistake God's patience for decreptitude: His slowness for pusillanimity. If He does not instantly strike in anger it is not because His arm is shortened. "The mills of God grind slowly, but theygrind exceeding fine."

In the midst of our rejoicing let us remember the brave boys Fwho gave their all that wemightsee this day. Humanly speaking, it is very sad to think of the cream of our young manhooddying beforetheirtime. But we Catholics are not like those who have no hope. We know that those who have given their lives for Faith and Fatherland are safein the mansions of Heaven. How many of those now safe with God would have died in sin, killed perhaps in adrunken brawl or unprepared. God has takengood out of evil. We pray also to-day that the lastlapof the war—thefinal step—twill be short and swift,so that the vacant places in the congregation will soon be filled, and wecanwelcomehomemany young men o£ our parish who are in the Services.

We are warnedbytheGospels to redouble our prayers lest agreater evil thantheonewehaveescaped befallus. An evil spirit was cast out of aman, and not hiding rest returned to that man again andfindinghisabodeswept andgarnished,tooksevenotherdemons worse thanhimself,theyenteredinand rlhrelt there. And the last state of that man wasworsethanthefirst. In. tensify your prayers, then, that we'do not exchange one form of Godless domination for another.

Let us be convinced that only one way can lasting true peace come, and that is through thereign of Christ. No sane person wants to see arepetition of the ghastly horror we have just escaped. The one and only remedy is to secure the reign of Christ the King in public and in private life with all that that implies.

finally. we are mindful of the fact, not without significance, that our European enemy was overcome in the month of May—the beautiful month of May. In union with the whole Catholic world

we prayed to the Queen of Peace. She heard and answered our petitions. For us Catholics who know our Mother's power with God. it is no mere coincidence that she ans. wered us this month above all. Let , i

spublicly acknowledge our heartfelt gratitude to Mary by singing together the hymn, "flail'Queen of Heaven."

The large congregation then stood andsang the hymn.

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The Last Days of Napoleon

(Continued from Page 4.)

"I believe in God and am of the religionofmy father. ImesasbornaCatholic, and Iwill fulfil all the duties whichmyreligionimposes,andseek all the solace which it administers."

Turning again to the Abbe he continued:

"Iwish youtosayMassinthechapel and to continue to say it after my death. As soon as Iam dead Iwish youtoplaceacrucifixuponmybosom, and your altar at my head."

Whenhislast hourhadcomehesent for the Abbe. By the bedside of the dying Napoleon was placed an altar. All who were around him retired, leav-

ing him alone with the priest. There did thegreat man makehisfinalpeace with God. The next day, as the sun was setting he passed away. Thus diedone of the mostbrilliant men the worldhasknown.

Far awayin Rome,under theprotectionof the Holy Father,hismother resided. 'Ontheevening ofthe day her sondied there called to seeher aman who insisted on seeing the mother of theEmperoralone. Whenwithreluctance his wish was granted, he quietly SAW "Madame Napoleon, your son, has just breathed his last." Who that man wasnoone everknew. He wasnever seenagain.

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La

Ashipwreckedsailor, who had spent five years on adesert island, was overjoyed one day to see aship drop anchor in the bay. Asmall boat came ashore and an officerhanded thesailor abundle of newspapers.

"The captain suggests," he told the sailor."that you read what's going on in the world and then let us know if you wantto berescued."

The customer finished his meal and called the waiter,

"I would like to speak to the manager," he said.

A few minutes later the manager came up and bowedpolitely.

"You wished to speak to me, sir?" he said.

"Yes,"said the customer. "You must have aremarkably clean kitchen in this restaurant."

The manager beamed.

"Thatsvery nice of you, sir." he Faid,"generally it's complaints Ihave to listen to. But what maes you think we have such aclean kitchen?"

"Well, practically everything tastes of soap," said the customer, coldly. *

The doctor had overhauled his patient.

"You confess that you are bad-tempered;" he said."Isuppose you know that science has discovered that your bad temper is caused by an ugly little microbe?"

"IIush!" said the patient. "For goodness sake, speak quietly, doctorl She's sitting in the next room."

The Golfer: "What do you think I went round in."

His Wife: "Double,"

"What do you mean?"

"Double what youre going me."

LEvery day for a week the little evaeueees had been given rabbit for dinner,

On Saturday their fostermother ap. peared with the old-fashioned country week-end medicine—adose of castor oil.

"Lumme, missus," said the eldest of theevacuees,"we don'twantnocastor oil. Whatwe want is abloomin' ferret." # # # #

The foreman believed in getting the } workers to to-operate with him. In an effort to inspire them to an even greater output,he called them -

togetherfor aconsultation. I

"WheneverIentertheworkshop,"he said pleasantly,"Iwant to see every man cheerfully performing his task with asmuch speed atpossible. Now Iam going to place this box by the door, and Iwant you to place in it any ideas youmay haveas tohow we • can bring this about."

Afew days laterhe opened the box, to find one solitary piece ofpaper. On it waswritten:"Take the rubber heels off your shoes." # # # #

The office boy was asked to ring upanumber, and got the wrong one.

"Air.Woolfe here," camethe reply. IL "Who?" said the boy, "Woolfe;" replied the wrong number. "Well. who's afraid of you?" asked the boy.

Awoman had called on the vicar withadistressingtaleaboutherdaughter, who wasvery ill.She was anxious for the vicar to visit the girl.

"I'll certainly call on her," said the vicar. "But Idon't remember ever having seen you in my church. Do to tell you attend often?"

"Youhad alotofpresentsfrom your rich aunton yourbirthday?"

"Yes, so many thatIcould notwear them all at once."

"Really—whatwere they?"

"Two neck-ties."

A motorist was giving awoman lessons in driving.

"The hand lever," he said, "brakes the rear wheels only. and the foot pedal brakesallfour, Is that clear?"

"M'yes;' replied the woman, doubtfully,"but I'd rather not have any of thembroken." * * *

She: "How did they ever come to marry?"

Ile:"Oh. the same old story. Started out to be good friends, you know, and later onchanged theirminds."

Mrs. Jones went shopping. When she returned, she saw that Post Office engineers had arived with their van outside her house. There they were, to her disgust, with apole and ahole in the ground. She proceeded to tell them all about it.

How dare they put up apole right in front of her house. The garden would be spoiled and the property would lessen in value. She was going to write to the Postmaster.General as well as afewother bigwigs, and complain.

The foreman let her have her head for about five minutes. Then he had his turn.

"1'm very sorry, madam," he said, politely,"but we're not putting the pole up. We aretakingit away. It's been standing in front of your house for two yearsl"

"You are not troubling abit nbout your examination. You seem to be very certain of yourself."

"Quitesol Ishallfailwhateverhappens."

A mountaineer took his son to a school to enrol him.

'My boy's arter larnin', what dya teach here?" he asked the teacher.

"We offer English, trigonometry, spelling,etc.," shereplied.

"Well, give him some of that tbar trigernometry; he's the worst shot in the family."

The woman shookher bead. "No," shereplied. "Wehappentobe chapel people."

The vicar looked surprised. "Then whydidn'tyousendforyourownminister?"

"Oh, it wouldn't•be fair," was the heply. "You see, it's scarletfevermy v daughter's got."

####

"To-day teacher said Iwasthe best boy in the class."

"Really? Whatdidhesay?"

"He saidthat we were all sillyasses and that Iwas the biggest."

He was addressing abrilliant and distinguished gathering. He felt in the mood for panegyrics.

"Gentlemen." he said "Ihave been born an Englishman, Ihave lived an Englishman, and Ihope Imaydie an Englishman."

Avoice trembling with compassion answered from the back of the hall: "Alon, hat yenae ambition?"

The new boarder paused with his second boot in his hand after letting thefirstdropwith aresoundingbang.

Twice had he been warned by the jumpy old gentleman in the room below. Remembering now, he slowly lowered it to the floor, and was soon undressed and asleep.

After about an hour he was rudely awakenedbythe oldgentleman pounding his fistson the door.

"What is it?" asked the newboard-

"Throwdownthatotherdarnedboot, willyou,andlet mego tosleep;" came thevoice.

Little Isaac was crying bitterly in one of the main streets of Afanchester. Ili% sobs soon brought alarge crowd about him.

An elderly woman asked, sympathetically:"What's the matter my child? Are you lost?"

The boy sobbed for amoment and thenpaused. Ile lookedaroundat the crowd that had gathered. Then he shouted:"Yes, ma'am, I'mlost. Will somebody please take me home to Jacob Silverstein, the well-known clothierofBlank Street,whohasjust got in his summer stock of suits,neckties, shirts, hats, and umbrellas, which be will sell cheaper than anyone else in. the city?"

Dear Cornerites,—During the coining week, we celebrate three great feasts. On Sunday the whole Church honours the Blessed Trinity—God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Ghost —rememberingwithgratitude and love God's tremendous work of Creation, Redemption, and Sanctification.

t Then, on Monday, we commemorate the great Feast of Our Lady Help of Christians. This title was given to 'Mary, our Mother, in thanksgiving for theChristianvictoryovertheTurks at Lepanto. We should remember it with pride this year, for she has given us our victory also and in her own month. She is, moreover, patroness of Australia under this title, and will ♦ bring us safely through the sufferings yet to be endured in the Pacific war. Ask her to make Australia a great Christian nation after the war.

The Feast of Corpus Christi—the Bodv of Christ—falls on Thursday, and it is awell-loved Feast among us with

its procession of triumph andits adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, It would be asplendid idea for Corner• ites to offer their Holy Communions on thatday for theBsbiee Scheme.

A u

UNTBESSY. # * *

147 Parry-street, Perth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find en. closed asmall gift, in honour of Our Ladyof PerpetualSuccour, for favours received—Yours truly,„PURNIM."

A Dear ,

purnim;'—Thank you so much for_your kind donation for the Bushies. Iam sure it-is one of the best ways of showing your gratitude to Our Lady. It is nice to know in theseunsettledtimesthatwestillhave yougoodfriendstolookoverourBushies. Thank you once

again, "Purnim. AUNT BESSY. # * *

Dear Hunt Bessy,—Enclosed please 'find March and April contributions to the Bushies, OLD FAITHFUL.

Dear Old Faithful,—It certainly is nice to hear from you. Imissed your letter last month and was doubly pleased to hear from you this time. I will not tell you again how much we appreciate these donations, but may + God help you in your work and for l;eing such afaithful friend to the Bushies. AUNT BESSY.

Victoria Park.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find 10s, postal note for the Bushics' Scheme, inhonouroftheSacred Heart. —Faithfully yours, A LO\-

liR OF THE SACRED IIEART.

Dear Lover of the Sacred Heart,—

Many thanks for your generous donationfor the Bushies'Scheme, Wecer• tainly appreciate your kindness towards these children, nvhose only chance to learn about the Sacred Heart ofJesus is through the thoughtfulness of others. Ho

pi ng

you will receivemanyfavours through the Sacred Ileart.—loursfaithfully, AUNT BESSY. # #

Sacred Heart High School, Iighgate.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I hope you are well and my pennies will help the Bushies. We are going to Merredin forourholidays. Iam in secondclass at school. Last year Icame top of ntv class, so Imust work hard again this year. Imust say good-bye now, Aunt Bessy. Love from DELL EDWARDS.

Lemonade Bottle

ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS. £ s,d.

Dear Dell,—Yes, Iam quite well, thank you, and your pennies will certainly help the Bushies. Ihear you have arival in school; well, you will bothhave toworkveryhard. Havea nice time at Merredin, Dell, and tell me all about it in your next letter. Love. AUNT BESSY.

SacredHeartHighSchool,Highgate.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—How are the Bushies? In the May holidays Iam goingto my cousins. Theylive upat Greenmount. We have lotsof fun up there. We wentuptherelastyear fn the May holidays, and in the August nolidays. Well, there isn't much to tell youof now. Lotsoflove for you and the Bushies. From

BARBARA SECOUR'ABLE.

Dear Barbara,—The Bushies are all verywell, thank you, Barbara,and we hope you are the same. I'll bet you will have some fun at Greenmount; it is alovely place. Please write and tell me all about it. Love from AUNT BESSY.

Sacred HeartHigh School, Highgate.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—

Iam so pleased to send my card and pennies for the Bushies. Iam six and Iam in the infants' room. Ihave alittlebrother called Michael and a little sister, Kathrine; she is only one year old. Daddy is asoldier in Melbourne. We hope he will be able to come home soon when all the war is over. Good. bye, dear Aunt Bessy. With lots of love to you and the Bushies.—Your would-be nephew,

TOSEPH O'HALLORAN.

DearJoseph,—Youaregrowingupto he quite abig man now, and we are very pleased to receive your card and pennies. Howdo youlikeschool? It is quite fun at times, isn't it? You will soon have to teach Michael and Kathrinetowritetome. Weare hop• ing you will soon have Daddy with you again now. The Bushies will be praying for hisspeedy return. Don't forgettowrite soon. Love, AUNT BESSY. # #

Forreststreet, Kellerberrin.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am writing to tell you that our Uncle Mart is now safe in the United Kingdom. He was liberates] by theAlliedarmies. Mummy had acable fromhim to-clay. We are allveryhappyandnowasktheCornerites to join us in thanking St. Anthony for finding him,—Your loving niece.

MARGARET DONOVAN.

Dear Margaret.—Cheers! Isn't it marvellous news?, We will certainly prav in thanksgiving to St. Anthony. There again he has proved a loyal friend to us. Weknow we will never pray in vain. Hoping to hear from you soon. Lots oflove.

AUNTBESSY.

Sacred Heart High School, Highgate.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Just alittle note to

send my prick card. Ihave two little sisters. One's name is Margaret, she is six and comes to school with Inc. She learns music. The other is Kathleen, who is only two, and stays home and plays with thekitten. We are having holidays to-morrow. Goodbye, dear:Aunty- Bessy. From your would-be nephew, BRENDAN WADE.

Dear Brendan,—Welcome toour Corner. When Kathleen and Margaret get alittle older, do you think they will

join theCorner,because you know weneed all the Cornerites we can get. We have an awful lot of Bushies. Thank you for filling the card, and write to me again soon. Love from AUNTBESSY.

* # # #

Heart High School. Ilearn music and Iam going for Grade VI. ,With lotsoflovetotheBushies. From ,LILLIAN GANFIELD. DearLillian,—Thismaybe yourfirst letter, but Ihope itwon't be the last. Ilook forward each reek ,

to hearing from all my little friends. Iwould be lost withoutyou all. Ithink you willlikeBunbury,Lillian. Itisalovelyplace. My,youarecomingonwith your music. Iwas hoping one day tolearn. Maybe ifIleftitalittlebit longer you could teach me. Goodbyefornow. Lotsoflovefrom AUNTBESSY.

SacredHeartHigh School, Highgate. Dear Aunt Bessy,—I have filled up your card. Iam going to Mandurah with Mavis. There are lots of little girls writing to you. Ihave asister named Roslyn and abrother named Dudley. Mavis is afriend of mine. EverydayIgotoMavis' place.It was mybirthdaythe otherday. Hornare the

Bushies gettingon? Iwon aprize this year for good writing all the way fromEngland. Itwasapicture.Well, Imust close now. Send the Bushies my love,—Your loving niece, LESLEY CARR.

Dear Lesley,Thank you, Lesley. 1'es,therearealotofyourlittlefriends writing tome, andIlove to hearfrom them all. Ihope you will keep on writing. It is lovely to receive your letters. andyouare doing agrand job. Think ofme when yourself and Mavis are holidayingatMandurah. Youare lucky to haveabrotherand sister; we hope we can get them into the Corner soon. Congratulations onwinning the picture. Iam sure you deserved it. Cheerio, Lesley! Love from AUNT BESSY,

14 Tuart,street, Bunbury.

n cards back from you. Ihope you did not get too much of a'fright, because you have been very good to the Bushies' Scheme, Ihope your examinationswent offalrightand youenjoy your holidays. Iwill send you the two prick cardsby thispost,andhope to hear from you in the near future. Love. AUNT BESSY. *

Sacred Heart High School, Highgate.

Dear Aunt'Bessy.—We alltried to help to fill our cards for the Bushies. Iam in second standard. Iamcomingsecond inmy marksin class,and I am trying to beat Dell and comefirst. IlearnmusicandIamgoingforGrade VI. Ihave one brother; his name is Ralph. He boards at theConvent is Kalamunda. Well, dearAunt Besy,I hope you and the Bushies are very well—Your would-be niece, CAROL THOMPSON.

DearCarol,—Youreallymadeagood joboffilling yourcard. Youarecoming on, being in 2nd. Standard, and I mustsay averynice writer. Do you think you can beat Dell? How does Ralph like school in Kalamunda? We will have to get him into the Corner won't we? You are afully pledge) 'Cornerite now, Caro] and Ihope to hear from you quite often. Lots of love. AUNT BESSY,

Sacred Heart High School, Highgate.

ABushie......•• .. .... 50

Purnim ...... ........ .. 100

Old Faithful............ 2 0 0

Students of Sacred Heart HighSchool .... - .... 2 00

WANTED TO BUY: Stoves, Wood. Gas;PlainandOldRootIron,Coppers, Heaters.Best Prices. RingBSM.

Sacred Heart High School, Iighgate, Dear Aunt Bessy,—I was so glad to help theBushies. Ihavegotmy card filled. This is the first letter Ihave ever written to vou. We are breaking up for our Mavholidays. \Mybrother is going to the farm and Iam going toBunburywithMummv toseeGrandmother. Iam aboarder at Sacred

Dear

# # THELMAFRAYNE.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—We have been having a.race to fill in the cards for the Bushies. Gerard iwas first and I was next. Iwas glad to be able to helpthem. Ilovegoingtoschool,and Ihavealot oflittlegirls toplay with. Daddy bought me abike, so I am learning to ride it. We are having holidays next week, and Iam going away to County Peak. Well, dear Aunt Bessy, Imust close now.

NORRIE KILL'A,

Aunt Bessy,—The fifteen shillingenclosedare: tenshillingsfromthe kindlady for her April and May donation to your Scheme, and the rest for theprick cards. Inearly fell over on Sunday when Isaw my name as one ofyourbestcollectors. If the rest of your collectorsareany slower thanme they must be slow. Please, Aunt Bessy, would you send me two cards, but I'doubt if Iwill even start them before the holidays, for we are having schools examinations now.—Your loving niece,

Dear Thelma,—You must thank the kind old lady for her donations for AprilandMayfor theBushies,andshe can rest assured that they are praying for her constantly. She is one of the manypeoplehere who arethecause of their learning to pray. Well, Thelma, it was very nice to receive the prick

Dear Norrie.—I am so glad you found such an interesting way to help theBushies- Keepupthe good work. Ican imaginehow pleased Gerardwas withhimselfforcomingfirst. Iamso glad you like school; it is such ahelp. You are avery luckygirltohave such anice Daddy to buy you abike. I wishIcouldgoforaholidaytoCounty Peak with you. It should be lovely there. Good-byefor now. Love from AUNT BESSY.

It Costs NoMoretohaveyour Prescriptions Accurately Dispensed.

ROBERT W. DALBY, M.P.S. Of 130 Oxford Street, Leederville, carries afull supply of all Accredited Brands of Toilets, Patent bledicines. Full Photographic Service, Etc.'Phone B6224 and receive REAL Service.

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Che Record

Official Organof the Archdiocese of Perth ESTABLISHED 1874

AustralianAirmaninthePolish UndergroundArmy

(Continued from Front Cover.)

cations against the Fuehrer. It is dreadful! For listening to such broadcasts the sentence of death is assured. "Where is this radio?" He shouts in mad fury,"Ishall...Ishall..." He is hardly able to continue. The man from the tram, without losing composure, quietly indicates an open win, down on the other side of the courtyard. "There, sir, isthe radio. It is in the flat of the German officer. He listens-ineverydayandprobablyisunable to close the window owing to it being warped. Perhaps you will be able to find out yourself;" Ahasty exit. No more hasbeen heard of the German officersince.

The stories of Flt./Lieutenant X are not always pervaded with Warsaw humour. Above all, theyare strongly imbued with suffering, blood and end. less sacrifices, side by side with ceaseless day and night fighting with the Germans apassionate and merciless fight in the name of love for Poland, planned with cold blood and tirelessly continued daily by setting atrap, or eye to eye, nvith hate, contempt, yet without under-estimating the enemy, and conductedby peopleof all classes, creeds and age, by men and women readyfor everything.

When leaving, Flt./Lieutenant X was very anxious to obtain adetailed map of Warsaw. He wanted to have it continually in front of him, to recallthenamesofstreets,mostofwhich were connected in his mind with arrests,attemptsonGermans,inmanyof whichhe took part, in attackson waggons conveying political prisoners, of iwalks during which he received important orders, or transmitted orders to others.

An attractive, new plan of Warsaw was placedinfrontofhim. Heopen-

ed itup on the desk andalmost affectionately traced with his fingers many of the streets, repeating their names."

"Here is the Kierbedz Bridge," he says, looking with apeculiar expression in his eyes, "On this bridge d 'got' my first German.. .

"You 'got' aGerman; what do you mean?"

"We were concealing in Warsaw a Dutch sailor who, for certain reasons, was unable to shorty himself in the streetin the daytime. Iusedto take the poor chap for awalk along the banks of the Vistula just after sunset. One evening about six o'clock, when it was almost dark, we were quietly walking as per usual. Germans, as a rule, avoided going there at thathour, because it was not too safe for them. Suddenly one of them appeared right in front of us. He asks us to show him our identification papers. We showed them to him. Mine are alright, so he says, but he is doubtful over the Dutchman, and he orders us to walk to the police office with him. The scoundrel already begins to take his revolver out. Ithought to myself: if we go to the police office they willinspectour documentsand if they find that mine are forged that is the end of us. There wasnotmuch time for thinking. In Australia Iused to be keen on playing Rugby. Ibent down and gave hima'knee tackle.' It was right at the bank of the river. Thebank wasbuiltup oflargegranite stones. He turned asomersault and, you see, his head was split on the stones and he was drowned. Weran for ourlives back to the centre of the city and then quietly home."

Ile silently gazed for along time at the plan of Warsaw. He was again there. .—"Polish Weekly" (New York).

Unfrocked Priest aMember of "Lublin Provisional Government"

The "Lublin Provisional Government" in Poland, for which Molotov is seeking recognition atthe San Francisco Conference, is -

a puppet body, sponsored by Moscow. Its character is clear from the following analysis of its membership, made by the C.I.P. News Service, New York:

(1) Its President, Boleslaw Bierut, though born in Poland, hasbeen aSoviet citizen.

12i Almost all key posts are, held by Communistswhose party wasnever widely backed by the Polish people, Ministers Gomolka, Radzkiewicz, Skrzeszewski, Mine, Dombrowski are Communists.

(3) The Lublin 1inister of the Interior, Kotek Agruszewski, was dismissed and arrested on the accusation of having appointed sympathisers of the London Government to leading posts.

(4) The Minister of Information and Propaganda, Stefan Matuszewski, is an unfrocked priest. His claim to be the Secretary of the Socialist Party is denied by Socialist leaders, who state that he has never been amember.

(5) The Minister of War and Com. m:mder-in-Chief, General Rola Zimierski, claims to be"non-partisan" but is said to possess Membership Book No. 21 of the Polish Workers' Party (the new name for the Communists). His first Delegate, General Zawadski, has servedinthe RedArmysince 1920.His second Delegate, General Konzyco,has also been aRed army officer.

(6) Twenty-one thousand sympathisers of the London Polish Gov. ernment were arrested in the Lublin territory(up to October, 1944). One concentration camp alone, Krzeslin near Siedlce, is reported to have 1500 inmates.

(7) The Lublin Governmenthascon. fiscated all radio sets except those whichcan receiveonly"right-thinking" broadcasts,

W Lublin is sponsoring a"Peasant Self-Help;" giving it great powers by putting all dairies, grain mills, breweriesanddistilleries formerlyconfiscatedand run by theGermans, underits control. This obviously will undermine the Peasant Party of Witos and ,Ilikolajczyk, now the strongest party.

CHINA, GLASSandPLATED WARE MORTERS.

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