The Record Newspaper 25 April 1945

Terrible Dilemma of Desiring Defeat for One's Country—

GermanCatholicsaretheonlyhealthycellsin thesickening bodyof Germany. Theregenerationofthat country lies in their hands,for they alonepossesstheFaiththroughwhichall thingscanbemadenew.

By 1RENE MARINOFF.

ThepositionofCatholicsinGermany isamatterofseriousconcerntoallwho havethefutureofEuropeatheart.For the reconstruction of Germany within aEuropean framework will depend largely on their co-operation. What are they really thinking? What proportionare insecretopposition? What proportionare proudofHitler? These arequestionswhichmaywellbeasked.

Yet so scanty is the news which reachesus fromCatholicGermanythat it would be an idle attempt to elicit definitefiguresfrom it. However, careful study of the available evidence combinedwith some knowledge of pre. Nazi Germany will enable us to estab• fish afew facts. which may lead to a truerappreciationofthesituation.

At the outset two points must be made quite clear. The first of these, thepsychologicaleffectof thedefeat in 1015 and of the subsequent humiliations,istoowellknowntorequire further leaboration. Wherever the war guilt may have lain, the fact remains that the defeat was most bitterly rettnted by many Germans. Thus the National Socialist programme of cindi• eating national honour and restoring Gcri:n:my toher"placeinthesun"containedanappealtoCatholicsas wellas Protestants.

The secondpoint, which is more frequentlyoverlooked, is this. The Weiint.r Republic was not in aposition to restore aspiritually sickening nalioo to health. It could only oiler palliatives, not remedies. Even we11-meant effortsatreconstruction,andtherewere many, were doomed to failure,because they lacked the principles of astrong faith. 1heliberty the Republic gave. which it is true, greatly benefited the Catholic se tions of the nation, only tou easily became licence. Everywhereeconomical and spiritualinsecurity were rife. Germany wasnotonly sufferingfrom theaftermathofaworld war; within her borders during those fateful yearsthe age,whichhadbegun with the proud emancipation of man and achallenge to all authority, was

lying in agony, and its convulsions shookthecountry. Emancipation had led men close to the abyss, and the questionwas whether hewouldharden hisheart in afrenzy of self-sufficiency, or bow downbefore his Creator and learn to observe His laws.

Dangerous Corner, Catholics could not fail to appreci. ate the seriousness of the situation. They knew that their countrymen around them were leading lives in defianceoftheDivineprecepts. Thelevelling of all values in the so-called "Kulturbolschewismus" wascondemned byallwho thoughtfor themselves. Catholic literature was full of warnings. Soon after the last war as penetrating athinker as Romano Guardini wrote: "The worstmaybeyet tocome." The majority, however, were not sensitive enough to realise that the situation could only be met by spiritual means. They fell aprey to that energetic new party, which professed to aim at the regeneration of the nation. When they awoke to the reality of what had happenedit was too late.

The question which most persistentl• baffles the foreign observer is this: flow could German Catholics, who after all corvtitute one-third of the population, allow the National Socialistparty togainsuchcuntplete control over the country?

Thefollowingconsiderationsmayhelp to supply an answer. We have seen that National Socialism madeastrong appeal to patriotism. a "risorglniento" movement it could not fail to attract those idealists, who felt the need for reform and, in their ignorance of spiritual realities, were prepared to follow an energetic leader.

NoveltyandVersatility.

Moreover, the very conclusion of a Concordat between the IIoly See and the Government of the Third Reich cn July 20, 1933, made it virtually impossible for members of the hierarchy to give astrong lead against the new State and its terrorist methods. It Ryas left to the parish priest and the laity to bear the brunt of an attar'

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CARDINAL FAULHABER, fearlessly condemned all heretical teaching.

the insidiousness of which only gradu:illy became apparent.

The world is now acquainted with National Socialist methods. But in the early clays of the revolution their very versatility and novelty made it extremely_ difficult to meet them effectively. It was only when all legitimate means of opposition had been eliminated that the anti-Christian nature of the new State was fully revealed. A %yell-documented book such as"The Persecution of the Catholic Church in the Third Reich" (Burns and Oates, 10101 conveys an idea both of the intensity of the struggle and the odds against which it was fought.

Therecanbe no doubtthatNational Socialismmetastrong oppositionfront the ranks of Catholics. Catholic as• sociatiots such as teachers' guilds, workers unions, and youth organisa• tiring, retained their independence at atime when other organisations had long been co-ordinated.

The Advent Sermons of Cardinal Faulhaher in 1033 emphatically repudiated the current anti-Semitism. In later years the Bishop's Pastorals did notceasetoupholdthedignity-ofman inaStatewhichmademansubservient to its own ends. They have fearlessly condemned all heretical teaching.

They have raised their voices in protest. deifying all efforts to terrorise them. That thelaity have responded to the call maybe gathered from the words of aSouth German Bishop: 'You are my glory and my crown:'

Many, it is true, have lapsed. Many nave been forced to deny the Faith, because economic pressure was too great, and theirs was not the spirit of martyrs. But many also have re• mainedsteadfastinasituationanout-' sider can hardly envisage in all its grimness. To be forced towitnessan antiJChristian Government perverting one'sownpeople,brutalisingitsyouth, and blaspheming Christ and His Church without being able to raise a hand in defence of the highest values is indeed spiritual martyrdom.

MoreComplicated in War.

The position of German Catholics has been even more complicated since the outbreak of this war. Though many may have thought that a(war might provide an opportunity of get, ting rid of theiroppressors, they were equally aware of the unifying effect which war is bound to have. In a fight for their existence, the mem• hers of anation will inevitably stand together. They have done in Ger. manv. Though the propaganda of a Goebbels may not have met with much credulity—as early as 1936 his speeches were dismissed as Clubfoot's Fairy Tales—the language of Allied bombs is unmistakable.

Thus the sincere Catholic is to-day inaterribledilemma. Asenlightened men and women did in the last war, he, too,niustwishfor thedefeatofhis country. This in itself requires no sinall measure of moral courage and insight. If the Allied Governments i,eld out only the slightest hope of reasonable peace terms. he may even 6e prepared to accept "liberation" at the hands of his former enemies. This tyould

indeed provide away into the future,inthewriter'sopinion.theonly way. But placed as he is between the "unconditional surrender" of the Alliesand therecklesspolicy ofhaftled Flitlerism,he has no choice but tofollow hispeople into destruction.

Yet Europe stands in need of these GermanCatholics, Theyare theonly healthy cells in the sickening body of Germany. The regeneration of that country lies in their hands, for they alone possessthe Faith, throughwhich all thingscanbe made new. If they are given achance (Catholics in this country should make it a matter of earnest prayer that they may) ,they will beableto teach theirfellow-countrymenasnoforeignercan. They will then hasten the day when the pre. indices of false and exclusive nationalism will be overcome and Europe will be united.

MERCERS AND DRAPERS

ParentageoftheBlessedVirgin

InproofoftheResurrectionfromthe dead, we have the testimony of eyewitnesses, as narrated in the Gospels. Is this evidence worthy of credence? Or canitbedismissedaseitherafabrication or an illusion? In order to find an answer, the first thing to do is to consider the nature of the evidence itself.

1. Christ isdescribed as appearing not merelytooneof twopeoplebutto many of Ibis disciples; and not to them singly, but as arule to anumberof themgathered together. He is described as appearing not once or twice,orononeortwodays,butmany timer: over aperiodoffortydays.

Ile is describer) as appearing not always in the same place or under the same circumstances, but in various places and under varying circumstances.

Thus for example, Ile is described as appearing to Mary Magdalen in the Garden (John XX., 14 s); to two disciples on the road to Emmaus (Luke XXIV„ 13 sI:

to the eleven Apostles "gathered togetherand thosethatwere with them" (Luke XXIV., 36 s); toa group of the disciples"at the Sea of Tiberi-as"(JohnXXI., 1),

2. Christ is described as appearing. not as avague shadowy figure seenat adistance, but as_ material being, seen clearly and close at hand. The descriptions contain awealth of detail; they are clear. definite, almost matter offact.

Christ is described as speaking, eating, showing HisWounuds, and inviting the incredulous to touch them, and affinr.ingthat Ileisthe Christ, theone who was crucified.

Forexample,here is adescriptionof the appearance of Christ to His dis ciplesasnarratedinJohnXX.,19.21:

"Now when it was late that same day, the first of the week where the disciples were gathered together, for fearof theJews,Jesuscame andstood in the midst and said to them: Peace be toyou. '

"And when Ile had said this, He showed them His hands and Hi,

cside. Thedisciplestherefore wereglad,when they sawtheLord.

"He said to them again: Peace be to you. As the Father hath sent Ile. Ialsosendyou,"

Moreover astudy of the mentality of the disciples goes further to show that they were not victims of illusion, that they were not describing visions producedby theirown imagination.Of which in next week's session.

MissIA.M.B., Perth:

Iwish to acknowledge your letter about the Second Coming of Christ. As regards your query: All speculations about the time and place and mannerofasupposed second coming are futile. That hasbeen proved by experience; those who from time to time have predicted aSecond Coming have met only disappointment, if in. deed theywere notcharlatans.

Protestant, Perth:

suaded, though one rose

from

th e dead."(Luke 16: 31.) rind if people now cannot see the work of God in their midst, neither ,

will they be persuaded, though one rose drom thedead.

This does not mean, however. that the Church exercises no mission of healingto-day. Theeffectsthatoften follow the administrationof theSacrament of Extreme Unction are remark. able and arefrequently commented on by doctors, some even non-Catholics. Miracles of healing are recorded of every age of the Church's history and they still occur to-day. In recent years miracles of healing have taken place at Lourdes and elsewhere, The facts are there, and maybe examined by anyone who is impartial and scientific enough to face the evidence.

Interested, VictoriaPark:

There isasequel to this. The Apo,

&_ tle Thomas was not present and refused to believe the story of Christ's appearance: but aweek later Christ appeared again and this second time Thomaswaspresent.

"And aftereightdays. again Hisdisciples were within, and Thomas with them. Jesuscometh, the doors being shirt, and stood inthemidstandsaid: Peacebetoyou.

Then Ilesaid toThomas: Putinthy finger hitherand see my hands. And bring hither thy hand and put it into Illyside. Andbenotfaithless,buthe. licving" (John XX., 26-27).

sclear and definite in itself; there is nothing aboutitofthevagueandmysterious.It is the sort of evidence that would he advanced by eye-witnesses; by People telling of things they had seen and heard. Were such amars ofevidence advanced in favour of anything within the ambit of human experience— even though extraordinary—it would not fail to convince. , TEi_EPIIONE: B3511. LAUBMAN & PANK (W.A.) LIMITED MARTIN P. RYAN, OPTOMETRIST, has now joined the Directorate

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Q.: Your Church claims the power of her Priests to forgive sins, turn breadintoflesh,andwineintoblood. Whereisthepowertohealthesick?

A.: Yes, the Church claims that Christ gave to the Apostles and their successors the power to forgive sins. The Church claims also that power was given to the Apostles and their successors to change the substance of bread and wine into the substance of Christ's own Body. 'these powers were given them in apermanent way, andnvere meant for all time, for they were necessaryandessentialtoChrist's plan for bringing Sanctifying Grace to men with subsequent eternal life in Heaven.

On theotherhand,when Christgave power to the twelve to cure diseases ILuke IX., 1), Ile gave them this powerasasecondarygift,sothat their miracles w•rndd be asign accompany. ingtheirpreachingtomakeitmoreeffective. After all, is that not why Christ Ilimself worked Ibis own miracles of healing? Ile was not con. cerned with just healing bodies that eventually would have to die in any case. He was concerned primarily with man'ssalvation. and Isis mir-acles were secondary to that. Ile healed the sickonlytoshow forth His Divinity and the supernatural character of His mission.

These secondary powers of healing. casting out devils, etc., given to the twelve, were not handed on to all their successors. We find St. Taut saying in 1Cor., 1'2: 5.10:"To one is given the word of knowledge: to anotherthegraceofhealing,ofprophecy, ofdiverstongues,etc.,etc." Nowhere, however, do we find that the powers of forgiving sins, by the Holy Ghost, or of effecting transubstantiation were not transmitted to all.

Of course, as time went on. the Church became solidly established,and the need forextraordinary manifestations passed away. The later successors-oftheApostlesnolongerneed. ed the accompaniment of signs and wondersfortheirpreaching. Ifasign was wanted they could always point to the continued existence and expan. sion of theChurch. That was. and still is, miracle enough. "And Ile said unto him, if they hear not Moses and the prophets,neitherwill they be per

Q.: DoyouknowanythingoftheparentageofMazy,theMotherofJesus?

A,: Accordingtoanancientandwell. attested tradition the parents of Mary were Joachim and Anna. Both are veneratedasSaintsbytheCatholic Church. Accordingtothe Apocryphal Gospel of James, Joachim was aIImun of great wealth, the long childlessness ofwhose wifeiwasbrokenby the mrth of Mary,

Q.: An "Adventist" friend of mine tells me she was the daughter of Hell,butthecopyoftheBibleinmy possession says(Luke III., 23) that Josephherhusband was sonof Hell.

A.: l'uurcopyofthe Bibleiscorrect, of course. Luke names Ileli as the fatherof Joseph. On the other hand, in MatthewI., 16, we findthenameof Joseph's father given as Jacob. Both evangelists, however, name Mathat as Joseph's grandfather, so that it is a question of reconciling two apparently contradictory statements as to the name of his father. In any case the Bible does notname Leviasthefather of Mary.

Q,: Iam sure that Jewish people did notmarry theirsisters, so either the translation of the Bible is wrong or my friendis. 11

A.: Why limit the possibilities? Perhaps your friend has found aHeli of his(iwn, not the one named in the Bible. If you must choose, give your vote to the translation of the Bible.

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What Catholics Mean By the Immaculate Conception

Who is the Holy Ghost?

we do not know: but that it is so we must acknowledge once we admit that the Scriptures are an authentic source of divine revelation.

narrow and provincial, indeed, if we were to argue that, because we know human generation, no other form of generation is possible.

ChristBegottenFromAll EternityoftheFather Mystery of the

Anonymous, VictoriaPark:

Q.:Iwouldrespectfullyaskyouto explain the following: You mentioned Ithink that you didnot agree with theGreek OrthodoxontheIrnmacu_ late Conception of the Virgin Mary andmanyofusdonotknowwhat is meant exactly by the Immaculate Conception.

A.: The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin isthis, that,"in the first instant of her conception, by a singular privilege and grace granted byGod in view of the meritsof Jesus Christ, the Saviourof thehuman race (Mary) was preservedexempt from all stain of original sin.'(Ineffabilis Deus v. Dens).

To explain this better,.we have to go back to Adam and explain alittle aboutoriginal sin andChrist's redemptive work.

WhenGodcreatedAdam.He,

didnot leave him amere man, destined to re.

Blessed Trinity

ceive areward for his works which would be merely in keeping with his natureas aman. Instead, Hebestowed on him anumber of giftsover and above his nature. Chief among these gifts was the supernatural gift of Sanctifying Grace, a "partakingof the divine nature"(2PeterI: 4),enabling them, and giving them aright to live God's life with Him in heaven. He destined them for asupernatural end, and thereforebestowedonthemjustice andholiness(CatholicCatechism).And thesegiftsGod intended Adam topass on to posterity even as he passed on his human nature.

Unfortunately, however, Adam sinned and by his disobedience he lost thesegifts. Apart altogetherfromhis personal guilt, he no longer had these .gifts to transmit to posterity. Consequently, notes, when the children of Adam are formed in the simultaneous human-divine action of procreation, body and soul are blended to form a single nature, which is in this state of privation, brought about by the sin of Adam. To man is transmitted sin it. self,or the loss of justice and holiness (CatholicCatechism). He is conceiv ed and born with original sin.

Q.: What exactly is the meaning of the soulof man? Doesman possess the soul or is man actually asoul possessingbody. brain, andinstinct?

A, se :Amanisneitherabodyposssingasoul norasoul possessingabody. In man body and soul are united to formonecomplete,living,sensitiveand intellectual being. Without the body we have no man, and withoutthesoul there is nothing but acorpse.

Q.: Do Iunderstand rightly that you believe Jesus to have been the Son of God before being born of Mary?

Ifso,youevidentlybelieveyourGod to be amale who previously had a celestial consort. This is very 00fusing to us and alogical explanation would help us to understand youbetter.

A.: Perhaps you are very simpleminded; if not you should be careful not to bite your tongue before you get it out of your cheek. -

God the Son, the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity, was begotten of the Fatherfrom all eternity, and from all eternity existed co-equal with the Father and the Holy Ghost. Jesus Christ existed only from the moment that the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity assumed human flesh in the wombof Mary. AsGod,Christ existedfrom all eterni£y; asman He existed from the moment of His Incarna. tion.

St. Thomas Aquinas defines generation asthe origin, according toasimilarity of nature, of one living thing from another living thing as from a conjoinedprinciple(P.I,Q.27,Art.2). Thisable definition covers lower types of generation, human generation and divinegeneration, aboutwhichweread in the Scriptures.

ThatGod the Son isbegottenof the Fatherfromallagesweknowasafact, because the Scriptures are explicit on the point in many places. How that generation takes place we do notfully understand, because we do not fully understand the intimate nature of God. St. John, however, speaks of God the Son as the Word. And,perhaps, the comparison that most nearly illustratesthegeneration of the Son by the Father, is the production of thought in the mind, even though this comparison is hopelessly inadequate, for in the production of human thought there is no true generation. Nevertheless, in as far as we can compare human things with divine, in somesimilarsort of way asthehuman mind understanding'itself forms an image of itself, so the Father eternaliv comprehending Himself, begetsGod theSon, the Eternal Word.

District Board Visits to Branches. The District Board commenced its visitation of branches for 1045 by visiting the Help of Christians Branch, EastVictoria Park,on the 17th. inst. As usual, the'Grand President and his fellow officer's were greeted at awell attended meeting. Rev. Father O'Connor was present and extended acordial welcome to the visiting officers and commended the branch for its splendid work during the past year. Thereportsof thePresidentand Secretary showed that the branch's affairs were in agood condition and that satisfactoryprogresshadbeenmade- Inter

esting addresses were given by Bro. Walker, G.P., J. Wall D.B.JL, and the GrandSecretary. St. Brigid', Branch, West Perth, will be visited oh

30th. inst., and the following visits will be madeduring May: St. Joachim's Branch,Victoria Park,'onthe14th.; St, Malachi's Branch, IIighgate, on the 16th., and St. Kevin's Branch, Subiaco, on the 31st. at. Brigid's Branch, West Perth. Atthemeetingonthe30th, inst., the District Board will make its official visit to the branch, and the President asks every member who can possibly doso to be present. Badminton will be available after the meeting.

St. Mary's Branch, Leederville, Atthemeetingheldonthe 11th.inst, avery successful social was held.eth, branch's guests including members of the Iloly Rosary Branch.Nedlands, St. Kevin's and St. Malachi's Branches. There has been asteady influx of new members into the branch, and the young officers are determined to en sure that the inflow will continue. St. Malachi'sBranch.

Atthelastmeetingthe Misses Lorna and Barbara Jones, Messrs, Eric Cook andPatRyan,andMrs.Josephine Barlow were admitted and welcomed as members. The branch is preparing for the presentation ofashort play as acommencement of this branch's paticip+Lionin theexpansionofsocialactivities being organised by the Metrorolitan social Council. The quarterly Communion ofmemberswill takeplace tt,the7oclock Masson the29th.inst. The District Board will make its offic

i a

ltsit to thebranchon May 16.

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Now, the merits of Christ'slife passion and death atoned for sin, the sin ofAdamas well as all the rest; they won arestoration of the giftofSanctifying Grace, also, and this, in normal circumstances Christ gives back to those who freeely avail themselves of the sacramental system which Ile in stituted.

And as God can, and does, restore Sanctifying Grace to those who have comeafterChrist.becauseofthemerits of Christ, so, too, He could, if Ile wished, ex

empt someone wholivedbeforeChristfrom being conceived in original sin, imply in view this time of the foreseen merits of Our Saviour. ThisGoddiddo in theunique instance of the Holy Mother. In other;words, in the first instant of her conception, by asingular privilege and grace be , stowed on her by God in view of the merits of-Jesus Christ,'Mary was pre• served free from all shadow of original sin.

Q.: Someofus do notunderstandwho or what is this Holy Ghost which is mentionedso frequently,

A.:TheHoly Ghost istheThird Person of the Most Blessed Trinity. truly God distinct from the Father and the Son, yet equal to them in all things.

No one can fully understand the BlessedTrinity or the three Persons in one God. Divine revelation tells us thereis only one God. Divine revela tion then goesfurther andsays that in that one God there are three Divine Persons really distinct and equal in all things, the Father, the Son. and the 11 ,

ly Ghost. How thatcanhe ice do not understand: but that it is so we must believe once we have established the credibility of our sources of divineSacredrevelation.Scripture many t

ime

s men , tionsaPerson mhich'it calls the Hof}' Ghost, the Holy Spirit and the ParaClete. ThisPersonisdistinct from the Father and the Son, Yet He possesses allthe attributes ofGod. OneMtotation from Scripture is enough: "Going, therefore," said Christ,"make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the nameofthe Fatherandofthe Sonand of the Holy Ghost." Here three distinct Persons are mentioned, all are spoken of equally as God, yet from elsewhere in Scripture we know that there is only one God.

That there should be things in God that we cannot fully understand is only to be expected. AGod Whom our finite minds could fully compre. fiend would be astrange God, finite, and perhaps not much greater than ourselves. How there can be three distinct and equal Persons in oneGod

You must remember that there are lower forms of generation than human generation. It is possible, then, that there may be higher forms also.. Consequently, we neednot necessarilyconclude that God is amale who had a celestial consort. It would be very

In brief, then, we believe that God the Son is eternally generated of the Father, because it has been revealed to us byGod. How this isdone we do not fully understand or ever expect tointhislife. But,on theword of God revealing, we believe that Jesus Christ is True God and True Man—asGod He was begotten of the Fatherbefore all ages, as ManHe was born in time of Mary, His Virgin Mother. P

Irresistible Attraction of Our Lady for the Non-Catholic Muse

By J.T.

Itissurprisingwhenwereadthrough thepages of English literature to find the high admiration that so many of the non-Catholic rwriters have had for the Mother of God. Estranged from the lovely ideal ofour religion by the perverted thinking of Protestantism, the beautiful devotion of Catholicsfor the Mother ofGod hasappealed most forcibly tomany of them. Somehow, unconsciously, it is the love of God's Motherwhichtheyseemtolack,which hasdrawn from them the warmesttribute. They recognise inourdevotion toMary one of the most moving principles of our Faith, and seem to realise theelevatedsenseofvirtueandrefinement which it infuses into the life ofCatholics. Lecky, thedistinguished Rationalist historian, discovers this in his enquiries into the European past. Hehaswritten:

"The Catholic reverence for the Virgin hasdone much toelevateand purify theidealsof womenand soften the mannersofmen. Ithasbeenaninfluence which the worship of the pagan godessescould neverpossess; for these had been destitute of moral beauty, and especially of that kind of moral beauty which ispeculiarlyfeminine. It supplied, in agreat measure the redeemingand ennoblinginfluences in a strangeamalgamationoflicentiousand military feeling, which was formed women in the ageof chivalry, and which the succeeding change of habit and belief has wholly destroyed."

Again:

"The world is governed by ideals, andseldomorneverhastherebeenone whichhasexercisedamoresalutaryinfluence than the medieval conception of the Virgin... . All that was best in Europe clusteredround it, and it is the origin of many of the purest elements of civilisation."

Ruskin, whose prose had such a profound influence on nineteenth cen. tury thought, has written:

"I am persuaded that the honour paid to the Madonna has been one of the noblestandmostvitalgracesofCatholicism,and has never been otherwise than productive of true holiness of life and purity of character.... There has probably not been an innocentcottage throughoutthelengthand breadthofEuropeinwhichtheimaged presenceofthe Madonnahasnotgiven sanctity to the humblest duties and comfort to the direst trialsof the lives ofwomen."

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Cultivated Spirits Feel the Loss of Her in Protestantism

TributesfromLeckytoKipling

"I have always envied the Catholics theirfaith in that sweet, sacredVirgin Mother who stands between them and theDeity,intercepting`somewhatofHis awful splendour, but permitting His love to stream upon the worshipper more intelligiblyto human comprehensionthroughthe mediumofawoman's tenderness." # * *

It is the Protestant poets, however, who have written so warmly in Our Lady's praise. Wordsworth, the Nature poet, addressed .

asonnet to the Virgin 'Mother, whose virgin bosom was uncrost \With the least shade of thought tosin allied:

1Woman above all women glorified, Our tainted nature's solitary boast, Purerthan foam oncentralocean tort Brighter than eastern skies at daybreakstrewn With fancied roses, than the unblemished moon Before her wane begin ,

on heaven's blue coast, Thy image fall.,

to earth. Yet some, Iween, Not unforgiven, the suppliant knee mighthend.

As to avisihle power, in which did blend. AI that was mixed and reconciled in thee, Of mother'slovewithmaiden purity, Of high with lmv, celestial with ter. rene. * # s

Again, in"Our Larly of the Snow," Wordsworth writes:

"MeekVirgin Mothermore benign

Than fairest star,upon the height Ofthy own mountains, set tokeep Lone vigil through the hours of sleep:

Whateyecanlook upon thyshrine

Untroubled at thy sight?"

LordByron,whosedaughter,Allegra wasbrought upasaCatholic,wrote:

Ave Maria, blessed be the hour

The time, the clime, the spot,'where Isooft have felt that moment in its fullest power Sink o'er the earth so beautiful and soft, While swung the deep bell in the distant tower, Or the faint dying day-hymn stole aloft, And not abreath crept through the rosyair, And yet the forest leaves seemed stirn red with prayer, Ave Maria! itisthehouro°prayer; Ave Maria! it is the houroflove; AveMaria! mayourspiritsdare Look up to thine and to thv Ski's above, AveMaria! oh that facesofair; Those downcast eves beneath the Al. mightydove.

# * *

Sir WalterScott,in the"Ladyof the Lake," cawed his heroine to"sing the following:

AveMaria! Maidenmild—

Listen to amaiden's prayer; 'Chou coasthear thoughfrom the wild, Thoucansave amiddespair, ,`afe mar we sleep beneath thy-

care, Tho' banished, outcast and reviled— Mother, hear amaiden's praver, Mother, hear asuppliant child. s * s

This, from Shelley's"Epipsychidion," is excellent: Seraph of heaven, too gentle to be human, Veiling beneath that radiant form of woman

Allthatis insupportablein thee

Of light and love and immortality; Sweetbenediction in theeternalcurse, Veiled glory in this lampless universe; Thou moon beyond the clouds, thou living Form

Among the dead; thou Starabove the storm

Thou Wonder and thou Beauty, and thouTerror:

Thou►harmony of nature's art: thou Mirror

In whcm, as in the splendour of the sun, All shapes look glorious which thou gazest on; Ave, even the dim words which obscure theenow

Flash,lightninglikewithunaccustomed glow— Ipraytheethatthoublotfromthissad song

All of its much mortality and wrong, With thn•ecleardropswhichstartlike sacred dew

From the twin lights thy sweet soul darkens through, \Weeping, till sorrow becomes ecstacv, Thensmileonitsothatitmacnotdie.

Robert Southey, the authorof Melson'slife,inhis"TaleofBaraguay,"has {writtenthis: "fiferfeetuponthe crescentmoonwere set:

And, moving in their order round ker head. The stars compose her sparkling sasnet.

There at herbreast the VirginPottier fed ABabeDivine, who was to judge tie dead— Such power the Spirit gave this awfu4 Child.

SevereHewasandinHisangerdread: Yet always at His Mother's willgrew mild, So well did he obey that Maiden usdefiled."

r # #

Longfellow, in the"Golden Legend," ;writes: -

Virgin and Mother of our dear Redeemer, All heartsare touched and softenedat hername: Alikethebanditwith thebloodyhand, The priest, the prince, the visionary, the peasant, Themanofdeeds,thevisionarydreamer, Payhomagetoherasoneeverpresent, As if our faith had given us nothing more Thanthisexampleofall womanhood— Somild,somerciful,sostrong,sogood, So patient, peaceful, loyal ,loving, pure— Thiswasenoughtoprove ithigherand truer Than all the creeds the world has knownbefore.

Here is an extract from the "Pilgrim's Hymn," by the Irish' poet, Thomas Davis, the writer of "Fontoney": Fading, still fading the last beam is shining; Ave Maria, day is declining; Safetyandinnocencefly withthelight. Temptations and dangers walk forth withthenight; Fromthe fallof the shade the matin shall chime, Shield us from danger and save us fromcrime:

AveMaria,audi nos.

* * s

FromEdgarAllan Poe, anAmerican poet of Irish descent, the following is taken: Atmorn—atnoon—attwilightdim— Maria! thouhastheardmyhymn!

Injoy and woe in good and ill— Mother of God be with me still! When the hoursflew brightly by, Andnotacloud obscurest thesky, My soullest itshould truantbe, Thygracedidguide to thineandthee! Now, when the storms of fate oereast DarklymyPresent andmyPast.

Let myfutureradiantshine

Withsweethopesof theeandthine.

* *

From Elizabeth Barrett Browning, "The Lady of the Passion," can be quoted:

OLadyofthePassion,dostthouweep? What help can we, then, through our tearssurvey, If suchas thou a cause for wailing keep?

Whathelp, what hope, for its, Sweet Ladysay?

Goodman it doth befit thineheart to lay

Morecouragenext ithavingseenmeso. All heartsfind other balm today

The whole world's consolation is my 'woe.

* *

George Eliot, the novelist, in her "LegendofJubal' has this extract: Heartof Mary, less the way, keep usall by night and day, Heartof Mary, MorningStar, Wardoffdangernearorfar.

Heartof Mary, by thy sorrow

Keep us upright through the morow. Heart ofMary,by thygrace, Giveuswith thesainisaplace.

And,lastly, from Kinling• Oh, Marv,pierced with sorrow, Remember, reach and save Thesoulthatgoes to-morrow

Before theGod that gave! Aseach wasborn ofwoman.

For each in utter need.

Truecomradeandbravefoeman Madonna,intercedeI

...Greatness and Splendour of Mary Derive from locarna•on

Devotion to. Our Lady Coeval With Christianity

Non-Catholics wonder do we really believethataJewishmaiden,wholived nearly two thousand years ago, has power now to influence the course of ourdestiny ortoeasethe heartofone iotaof itspain. They are puzzled to see thatmen, not otherwise demented ordishonest,professtoembraceacreed that allows them to pray to Mary as alreadyassumedintoHeavenandthere resplendentasitsQueen. Theyarein. censedbywhat they regardasgratuitous absurdity, But Iw•e need not be either greatly surprised at their attitudeormovedbytheircavils. Ourre. ligion is supernatural, and therefore there is nothing to astonish usthat it should present us with much that is puzzling tomere naturalreason. The same rationalistic thought that de. thrones the Virgin will rob us also of apersonal God, afree will, an immortalsoul,adivine Saviour,andwillgive us acold and crass materialism, or a cloudy and equally inhuman pantheism, bidding us"salve pain with patience, near neighbour to despair," in the trust that the race will slowly evolve tosomehigher shape ofanimal whenwe are buried innothingness for centuriesunnumbered.

TheVirginMotherofGod.

The Church believes she is charged - witha'divinerevelationandhasreceived amessage of hope for men. She has the hardihood to proclaim that God became incarnate,was born in a manger, and diedupon across. And she means these terms; they are not symbols or figures of speech. Jesus ChrististrulyGod andtrulyman,was born of avirgin, died upon a gibbet and rose from the dead. If all this be true, then Mary is Mother of God, "Deipara,"asEphesusproclaimed;and if she bemother ofGod it is not well possible to exaggerate her power and dignity,unlessweforget, whichwecan hardlydo, thatshe isstill onlyacrea-el tune. The Protestantreformersclaimer( that the cult of the Virgin meant thedethronementofGod; butsurelyif Godchosetohonourherbymakingher His mother,He has Himself given its ample justification for the homage we payher. Itmaybesaidwithouthesitation that areally firm belief in the dogma of the Incarnation will lead naturally to the Catholic belief in the greatness and splendour of her who waqselectedtobridge over,asitwere, the infinite gulf separating the Creator fromHiscreatures, to link upHeaven and earth, and afford—amazing thmtght!—flesh andbloodtoherGod.

when tie writes:"Her untiring love is instrumental in every operation of grace."

Devotion to MaryCoeval With Christianity.

This reverence for, and devotion to, the lowly Virgin of Nazareth begins with the Church's beginning, and has known no diminution wherever heresy has not raised itsstrident anddiscordant tones. It dates indeed from that supreme moment on Calvary when Christ defined the mutual relationsbetweenMaryandmankindintheperson of St. John: "Woman, behold thy son." "Behold thy mother." The walls and altars of the catacombs re. (ttte the oft-repeatedcharge ofProtestantsthat"Mariolatry"wasagrowthof the darkages;foronthem we findher occupyingthe same place of honouras in our churches to-day. The oldest rituals we possess, alike in the East and West, have beautiful invocations and commemorations of "Our most holy, immaculate, most glorious mistress, theMotherofGod, andeverVirgin Mary" (Mass of St. James).

TheMadonnainChristianLiterature andArt.

After the Saviour Himself there was no figure thatthe pietyof early Christianartsolovedtomakethesubjectof itspencilanditspen. Andrightdown the ages shehasbeen to poet, painter, sculptortheinspirationof theirnoblest work. Temples, that are at once the wonder and the despair of modern builders, arose as if by magic to the honour of her name.

Of the Madonnain art.whatneedto speak? Her pictures constitute the choicesttreasureofhalf thegalleriesof Europe. Norisherplace in song less honourable. There is hardly it singer of eminence whohas not hymned her praises. ThelyreofSeduliusandFor• tunatusishandedoninunbrokentradi• tion through the centuries right.down to Gilbert Chesterton.

OurMotherinHeaven.

Yet farbeyondallthis is her appeal toouraffectionsforthereasonthatshe has direct and personal relations with each individual soul. There is never amoment when t\,

edo not need a mother'slove;anditisasupremeblessing, for which the children of the Church should show unfailing gratitude, thatwhenthelawsofnaturecall ourearthlymotherstotheirlastabode, that tenderest of all relations is not lost to us; but we still can turn in sicknessandanguishofbodyorofsoul toaHeavenlymotherfar more loving. far more powerful.

Rut does the church justify us in thehomagewepaytoMary? Certain Iv. Devotion to her may be almost taken aq the sign and measure of our orthodoxa• Father P. Vermeersch, S.J., says,very truly: "Most heretics give updevotion to Mary; Jansenism joins with Protestantism in ahandaningthe BlessedVirgin.andevenin the Catholict'hurc•h acoolness in devotion toMary isgenerallythefirstsignofre• iigious indifference." Catholic theology teaches that Mary was conceived immaculate; that she became Mother of Gad by the overshadowing of the TinlyGhost; that remaining still avirgin she gave birth to the Saviour of the world: that she has been bodily assumed intoHeaven: thattheTrinity andtheHuman Natureof JesusChrist alone take precedence of her in digpity. The saints and doctors of the Church are never tired of celebrating her praises. "Mary is the greatest wonder of God" says St. Ambrose: "among allcreatures visible andinvisiblethereisnooneequaltoheringran• deurandsanctity." St.PeterDamien exclaims:"Nothing is impossible to •hee; then,canstariseeventhoseindespair to hopes of salvation." In another nlnce he stvles her"the arhitra• trix of thesalvation ofmankind," St. ' Bernardgoes sofarastosaythat all graces bestowed upon mankind pass throughherhands; andBossuetseems tomakethisstrongstatementhisown

HenceCatholicinstincts,nottospeak of Catholic theology. suffice to guard the children of the Church from anythingsavouringof idolatry. The customs and practices harped onby Protestantwritersadmitofaquitenatural explanation. Theyspring fromalove that in stammering forth its affection forgets the precision of theological formulae. Thatmay be sometimesmatter for regret,butonlybecauseitmay lead to misunderstanding and give scandaltothose whostandoutsidethe sphere of Catholic feeling. God, who reads the heart, is not peculiarlybent upon taking umbrage at the reverent prayerofhumblefaith.

OurLadyintheTwentiethCentury,

YetevensoOurLadyisnotwithout, herhonour—Lourdes, Kevelaer, Mont. serrat, Guadelupe, Fatima, and many moreMadonnashrines,prove that sufferinghumanity,in asfarasithasnot been robbed of all supernatural hope, still turns instinctively to her who stoodbeneath the Cross and is for all time the"daterDolorosa"of ourrace. Andeven it rationalist must askhimself the reason of such avitality in a

faiththatheregardsasanamalgamof superstition andfraud. Is hecontent with m. Zola's profound explanation that"Lourdes, theGrotto, the cures, themiracles,are,indeed,thecreationof thatneedTorthelie,thatnecessity for credulity which is characteristic of humannature?" Weareborn,therefore, notwithanessentialcravingforknowledgeandtruth,butwithaprimaland elementary"needforalie"I

But even if she had never cured a singlediseasedframe,shehashealedso many pining soulsand broken hearts that

men would rightly fly to her in sorrow andpain,andherappealwould still be unfailing and perennial. Refuge of Sinnersl Here is the title that marks her most abiding claim on the human heart. The sense of sin lies like apall upon our spirits. Rationalism hasdone itsbesttomakeusforget the Fall; but it cannot. Man is haunted bythe consciousnessof guilt and pursued,whereverhegoes, by the Furies. ItisMary'sprivilegetobring "first aid" to sinners,and this alone wouldaccountforallthereverencethat ishers.

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TrueDevotiontoMary.

But the influence of Modernism is such thateven Catholics are moved in an unconsciousmanner, and grow, not sceptical indeed, but cold. They get certain vague and ill-defined notions that old beliefscanonly be accepted with violent modifications and numer• sus re,tric•tionstobring them intobar• many with modest progress. They may ask, with acertain sense of sore• ,less and irritation."Is it not possible to overdo this devotion to the Madonna, who is, after all, only a mere creature like our

selves?" If this be taken to mean that our devotion can be quantitatively excessive, it deserves adirect nevative. ifitbe understood qualitatively,ofcourse,itisquitetrue. It is quite possible to be wrongly devout to Our Lady, If we wished to woundherinhertenderestsusceptibilities, wecouldofferherthathomageof adoration, or"latria," which, as our catechism tellsus, isdue toGodalone. We could conceivablymake afetish of her statue orher picture, and worship thestoneorthepaintedcanvas. But wecouldnotdosowithouttakingleave of reason, and without forgetting the very Plain teaebing of the Catholic Church; and ifwe wereguiltyofsuch perverse folly we should offend Mary more than if we were to break every statuesculpturedinherhonourorburn everycanvasradiantwithherface.

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Importance of Polish Home Army to Allied Struggle

CynicalRussian DisarmingFTIll-Usageof

OurFirstAllyLooksforJustice, Loyalty andHonesty

How Poland Prayed for 6Years

The resolution todisband the Polish HomeArmy,sothattherecouldbenot the slightest suspicion of its hostility toRussia,passedbythePolishGovernmentonFebruary9th.,saidinpart:—

"The Polish Cabinet, after having considered the situation whicharose in Poland upon the termination of the German occupation, have resolved to pay homage to the fighters who died for the cause of freedom and to express their highest recognition to the homeauthorities, theHome Army,and all the organisations who co-operated with them in the performanceof their tasks..

"TheIIomearmy, thearmedforceof the nation, which before the beginning of military operations in 1944 counted 250.000 men, possessed awell-organised networkoflocalcommands andaHigh Command, From the day of its formation in 1939, this Army carried on continual sabotage operations and diversive actions against the armed forces. administration, communications and German war production. Asthe frontline advanced through the Polish territoriesthe Home Army tookup an openfightagainsttheGermansintheir rear. Two Polish divisions fought in thebattlesforVilna, the27th.Division helped to expel the Germans from Volhynia; the attack of the 3rd. and other Divisionsof the HomeArmyenabled the Soviet Armies to achieve a rapid forcing of the fortified line of the river Rug; operations of units of the 2nd., 18th. and 24th. Divisions of the Home Armv helped to establish bridgeheads on the western bank of the Vistula in the regions of Sandomierz and Radom.

"Theculminatingpoint in thebattles oftheHomeArmywasthe Warsawrising. which for63days, tied up alarge part of theGerman forces and paraIvsed the coinmuiticat;on lines of the German Second Armv with its supply bases. Resides this the Home Army was engaged every month in hundreds

PolishUnits.

ofsmallerskirni.hesandbattles,which continued until recently with the participation of the 6th. Division in the battles for Cracow, and parts of the 7th, Division in military operations in the regions of Czestochowa and Piotrkow.

'The third fundamental task which was carried out by the Home Army was intelligence work for the Allies, conducted behind the entire Eastern Front and in the territories of the Reich. It was a continuous, very heavy effort, crowned with great results. It is to the Home Army that the Allies areindebtedfor their timely informationaboutflying bombs.

"The workandstruggleof the Home Arnuv was made all the more difficult by the fact that, after having taken advantage of their aid, the advancing Soviet armies immediately proceeded todisarm Polishunits to imprison the soldiers in concentration camps and to deport them, and sometimes even to shoot Polishofficers. Inspite of these extremely difficult conditions in which the Home Army was fighting, it fuI filled itsduty hnourablyand acquitted itself of its obligations towards the IIome country and the Allies.

"The ashes of Polish towns and vil lages and the endless battlefields and nameless graves in which rest millions ofmen,women and children who gave their lives for theircountry, testify to the fact that never did the faintest shadowoftreason,wavering,orselfishness of interests arise amidst the Pol. ish nation. No Poleever doubted th:' great principles for which the whole civilised world is fighting barbarism,

"Thanks to these terrible and heroic efforts, thanks to the sacrifices borne bythe homecountryand itshraveand proud conduct through fight and misery, Poland proudlyfacestheworldtoday, demandingjusticeand respect for her rights, and as much loyalty and honesty in the fulfilment of obligations a towards her sshe showed and is Still

showing when called upon tocarryout herdutiesto w

ar

ds

th e

commoncause:'

ThePresidentofthePo

li s

hRe

pu

bli c

, M. Raczkie(wicz, said i n

his

Or

der o

f the Day to the Commanderofthe Polish Home Army:—

"Soldiers of the Home Army! You have gloriously carried out your duty, expressing the indomitable will of the nation whilst carrying out arelentless struggle against the German invader. You werethearmedbranch ofthe Pol. ish Underground State, and of the home authorities of the Polish Republic. To the lastmoment you inflicted heavyblowstothecruelinvader, You I. testetl the pop u

lati on aga

ins

this barbarism, you saved,prisoners and exiles driven to their doom and you saved townsand v

ill ages

fro

m destruction. Foroverfive years, in themost difficultconditions,youcarried out the unequal heroic struggle with superhumanand immensesacrifices.showing the world that the rolish nation has aright to freedom,andgivingproofof our absolute loyalty to the obligations undertaken towards our Allies..

"Although we are forced by circumstances to disband the Armed Forces of the Polish Republic in the home. land, itis the dutyofallof i t

stocon. tinue to believe in the justice of our aspirations and to act so that our causemayfindanunderstandinginthe conscience of the world and a just solution.

"The Polish Armed Forces abroad will continue their unbending struggle, and are trying to be worthy of you, soldiersofthe PolishIiomeArmv.

"Long Live Free and Independent Poland."

During its 63days' fight for Warsaw last August and September, seven ChaplainstotheHome Armylosttheir lives •

including the W arsaw

VicarGen. eral, 11gr. Tadeusz Jachimowski.

This is the Litany of the Home Army, asitwasrecitedthroughoutPoland, from 1939 until 1945:— Lord, have mercy on us: Christ, have mercyupon us; Lord.havemercyon us.

Christ, hear us, Christ graciously hear its.

God, theFatherofifeaven.havemercy mu us.

God the Son, Redeemer of the world, have mercv oil its.

God,theIlolyGhost,havemercyonits. lioly Trinity oneGod. have merev on US.

Jesus,Godof Peace havemercyonus.

Jesus Son of the Living God, have mercy on us.

Jesus, our Refuge, have mercy on us.

Iloly Mary, Queen of Poland, pray fur Its.

Our Lady of Czestochowa, pray forus. OurLadyof Ostrabrama,pray forus. (furLadyofChelmno, prayforus.

Our Lady of Piaski, pray for us.

Our Ladv ofSuvarzedz, pray for its.

tit. Stanislas, Patron of Poland, pray forus.

St. Casimirus, Patron of Lithuania, pray for us.

Sts.Michael andJosaphat, pray forits

St. Stanislas Kostka, pray for us.

"St. Andrew Bobola,prayfor us.

`'St. JohnofDukla, pray forus.

*St. John Kanty, pray for us.

*St.Albert, pray forus.

St.llubert. Patronofthosewhohidein the woods, pray forus, St. Genevieve, pray forus.

TSt. Hedwig,prayforits.

St Barbara, Patronofundergroundre. sistance, pray for us.

,111 Ye Holy Apostles and Disciples, prayforus.

All Ye Holy Monks and hermits,pray for us

All Ye ifoly Bishops and Confessors. pray-

for its.

From along and oppressive bondage, deliver us,0Lord.

Front the spiritofstrife, deliver us, 0 Lord.

From the hoursofdoubt.deliverus,0 Lord.

From treacherous whisperings. deliver us. 0Lord.

From ourfoes, deliver us, 0Lord.

From wrath and hate and all evil desires, deliver us, 0Lord,

ThesinsofourFathers,pardon0Lord.

The sins of our Brothers and Sisters, pardon O Lord.

ThesinsofourPeople,pardonOLord. The sins of the whole Polish Nation.pardon 0Lord.

Let the cry ofdistress ofour martyrs, tortured and murdered, come to Thee, 0Lord.

Let the cry ofdistress of the children torturedin Potulicecome to Thee, 0 Lord.

Let the cries of distress from camps and prisons cometoThee, 0Lord.

Let the weepingof mothers, widows andorphanscom e

t o

Thee,10Lord.

Let the sorrow and homesickness of thosedeportedtoforcedlabourcome toThee,0Lord.

Letthe sorrow and homesickness of thosetakenfromtheirhomescometo Thee, 0Lord,

Let the sorrows and year from Oflags and Stalags come to Thee, 0 Lord.

Faith'in Thee andbelief in ourselves, grant us, 0Lord.

Freedom, glory and peace front us 0 Lord.

Courageand braverygrantus, OLord. Astrongand gre a

tPoland grantus,O Lord.

Fortitude and jov of spirit grant us, 0Lord.

By Thy Holy Nativity make agreat hero -

arise amongus, 0Lor

d.

By Thy most Holy Life teach us to lead agood life, 0Lord.

By Thy Crucifixionand suffering teach ustosuffercourageously,0Lord. i3y-

Thy most glorious Resurrection, saveusfromthegraveofdarkness,0 Lord.

By Thv wonderful Ascension a great and happy fatherland grant its, O lipLord,

That ismaypleaseThee to grantunto all those who died, murdered, thine eternal peace. ThatitmaypleaseTheetoaccept these oursupplications.

Son ofGod, we beseech Thee, hear us.

Lamb of God, Who takest awav the sinsoftheworld,spareits, 0Lord. Lamb of God, Who takest away the sinsof the world,graciously hear us, OLord.

Lamb of God. Who takest away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us.

*Polish Saints and Martyrs.

QueenofPoland,atth e

beg

inn

ing o

f the fourteenth century.

ReichLosesGeneration ofClergy

Germany hasalmost completely lost ageneration of new Catholic priests through the Nazi Government's con. scription of students, the closing of seminaries and other war measures, reports the"Neue Zuercher Nachrichten," Swiss newspaper.

One of the Church's gravest,postwarproblems there will be the making good of this shortage.

At least 97 percent. of all seminary st.dents are serving with the Forces. Hundreds,have diedonthe battlefields or have beencaptured.

Seminaries have been closed by the government but even lecture

ha

ll s

at theological faculties that are still open are completely empty. At Munich University the theological faculty was shut by Cardinal Faulhaber because lecturers were Nazis. Similar bans have been imposed at Freising and Eichstaedt.

The seriousness of the problem is strikingly revealedbythefact thatup to 1933, the year Hitler seized power, ordination Masses in the Munich and Freising archdiocese averaged 150 a year. In 1943therewerefive; in 1944 three.

'Personality of -- Archbishop Spellman

Distinguished, Scholar

Keith Norrish was recently awarded aHackett Scholarship at the University of Western Australia and is at present doing research work at the University in analysis and X-ray de. fraction.

Keith gained the Batchelor of Science degree last year with distinctions inanumberof subjects. Heistaking out the degree of Master of Science this year.

Keith received his earlyeducation at St. Patrick's Boys' School, obtaining the junior Certificate in 1939, during whichyearhe wasDux of the School,

When in 1939 Francis Joseph Spellmanbecame Archbishop of New York, his first thought was for"the hope of the future"—the children of the Archdiocese; aconcern which soon led to the acquisition of ground for agreat new high school, and the opening of branches.

Many of thechildrenof 1939 atenow menand women withthearmed forces, but the Archbishop'scare of them con tinues. In 1943, as military vicar, he travelled 46,585 miles (72900 kilometers) visiting four continents and mostcountrieswhere U.S.forces areassigned, and in 1944 is abroad again on asimilar mission.

International rumour has busied itself with hisjourneys,butwith aviewpoint embracing the world, the Archbishop retains the purpose he expressed in 1910:"Iprofess andglory in my American citizenship and pledge myself to maintain and defend the funda mental liL-erties. Iam opposed to tyranny even when it calls itself freedom, and to anarchy, even when it calls itself liberty,"

Ile has in fact been an eloquent expositor hoth of the timeless truths of his faith and of the immediate veri'ies of thewar,believing thatCatholicprinciples must play an active part in the fight to preserve democracy.

As amember of the staff of th! Papal Serretary of State during seven years of the Mussolini regime, Monsignor Spellman had first-hand experience in Italy. In 1931, strained relations -between the Vatican and the Fasct3t State made it necessary for him to take the Pope's encyclical protesting the suppression of Catholic Action groups by the Mussolini regime, by airplane from RometoParis, whence it was released to the world Had the emergency been even more acute, he could have flown the plane himself—he was then holder of an Italian pilot's 'license. Since then he has qualified similarlyin the United States,

Always a"ParishPriest"

Born at Whitman, in the Atlantic stateof Massachusetts,on Mav 4, 1889, the son of agrocer, young Spellman took his Bachelor of Arts degree at Fordham University in New York in 1911, and on the recommendation of William Henry, Cardinal O'Connell, of `Poston,he was sent to the North American College in Rome for further study- Ordained there, and wtth the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theologv, he returned to Boston and became vice chancellor and later director of Catholic Literature for the Archdiocese,alsoediting"The Pilot,'' dincesan -paper.

THE BESTSUPERVISION.

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Proceeding to Christian Brothers' Col. lege, he did abrilliant course, and in 1941 was again Duxofhisschool. He passed the Leaving Certificate(seven subjects, distinctions in Physics and Applied Maths., obtaining 98 per cent. in the latter subject), and entered the University.

Ile has since kept in close contact with his former schools; has assisted as an official in their sporting fixtures; isactivelyengaged in theNewman Society; and is at present President of the Subiaco Branch of the L.C.Y,

S.I.C.Old Boys' Annual Retreat

Arrangementsare inhandfor the Retreat to la: held as usual at the Redemptorist Monastery, North Perth, on the week-end of May 12 and 13. This year we have had to forego the usual %lav Day holiday week-end for thefirst time. The change isunavoidahle the reason being that the RedemptoristFatherswill heexperiencing avisitation from the Consultant General of their Order for the two weeks that coyer our usual date—so it is impossible for them to meet our convenience, however the Fathers have suggested Ave take the week-end commencing May 12, this being the nearest date theycould accommodate us.

Not having the usual two full clays of Sunday and Monday for Retreat, it hasbeensuggestedwecommenceabout 5p.m. on Saturday, May 12, and have ttivo conferences that evening--one before, the other after, supper. We could then have four conferences on the Sunday, which would make up the usual six for the Retreat. It would then conclude Sunday night or early Mondavmorningtosuit Retreatants.

Further notice will be given later should anv alteration in the commencement time be made.

Intending Retreatants should ring %fr Jack O'Halloran (1157051, or Mr. George Jeffs(1,2581).

GallantAirman

Wins D.F,C.

Information has been received by ,Mr. Dan O'Donnell;of Collie, that his eldest son, Flying Officer John O'Dunnell, hasbeen awarded theDistin%uished Flying Crass.

Born in County Donegal, Eire, Flying Officer John Joseph O'Donnell came to Australia with his parents in April, 1925, and with themm settled in Collie. Ile was educated at the PresentationConvent, where he won a Lynn Scholarship. Continuing his education at Christian Brothels' College, Fremantle, he there secured the LeavingCertificateandlatbrwasgranted abursary whichenabled him to attend the University of West Australia for three years. When he enlisted in the R.A.A.F. Flying Officer O'Donnell was an electrician on the Lake View and Star Gold Mine, Kalgoorlie.

This young airman has been on ac. tive servicein the Middle East, Kenya, India and Burma. He returned to Australia last year and is now on service in the Pacific battle zone.

Mr. O'Donnell has two other sons and a daughter on active service, Lieutenant Norah O'Donnell has nursed in New Guinea, Peter James is in aparatroop unit, and Dan, the youngest son, isasergeant bomber-navigator in the R.A.A.F.

The citation is as follows:'

Flying Officer O'Donnell has served in Ceylon. Arakan, and the Imphal theatres of ,war. Ile accomplished particularly valuable work during the siege of Imphal in 1944, when he inflicted considerable damage to the enemy's lines of communication.

On several occasions he has led his flight through very adverse monsoon weather and over rough mountainous terrain.

At all times Flying Officer O'Don-

FIO JOHN JOSEPH O'DONNELL, nell has displayed great enthusiasm, skill and courage.

H. A. Winneke, GroupCaptain, Director of Personal Services.

S.I.C. Old Boys'

Members of the S.I.C. Old Boys' Association are advised that competitive hockey will recommence this year and ateam has been nominated to participate.

Allmembers wishing to take part in this excellent sport are cordiallyinvited to contest the Secretary,V. Brand, c/o Co-Op. Bulk Handling Ltd., Wellington-street, Perth, or Mr, J.

H. O'Halloran, 48 St. George's Terrace, Perth.

Our Catholic Schools and Colleges

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OHL.BITIAN BROTHERS,KT. HENRY.

ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A.

AQUINAS COLLEGr

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MONDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. to 6.30 p.m. Liturgy:8p.m.

,Jap

anese

Hero Lights Scene of Horror

STORY BY AMERICAN OFFICEW.

Cherry Point, NJC.(U.S.A.).—Out of the agony and torture that was the "DeathMarch of Bataan"has come a sagsof supremesacrificebyaCathoBs Japanese naval lieutenant,who gave hislicetosavesomeof his country's American enemies.

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Tel.438 ALEX RODOREDA TurfCommissionAgent 802 HAY STREET. AGENT FOR W.A. CHARITIES. Ring B5841 and B52S8.

TUESDAY:

Physical Culture: 7.8 p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY: Shorthand: 5.15 p.m.'to 6.30

Dressmaking: 7p.m.

Arts and Crafts: 8p.m. Red Cross, E.S.C.: 8p.m.

THURSDAY:

MASS: 8a.m.

EXPOSITION all day.

BENEDICTION: 5.15 p.m.

Choir: 8p.m.

PATRONISE OUR ADVERTISERS

This is termed "one of the greatest, mosthumanstoriesofthePacificwar,' in an editorial in "The Windsock" weekly newspaper of the U.S. Marine Corpspersonnelatthisairstation.

The story was related, the editorial reveals by two young American officers who escaped from Japanese capture through thesacrifice oftheenemy naval lieutenant and witnessed all eventsrelated.

"Those who survived themarchfrom Bataan were herded like cattle into troop transports bound for the homeisland... among them the two young officers," the editorial states.

RRIDAY: Softball pracise: 5.15 p.m., on the Esplanade.

SATURDAY: Kalamunda Busy Bee:1.15bus.

Tennis at Robertson Park: 2p.m.

SUNDAY: Tenisat RobertsonPark: 2p.m.

•

p.m. E.S.C.

The next meeting of the Company will be on May 8, when a "refresher" course in home Nursing will commence. We are sure youwill all welcometheopportunitytobrushupyour knowledge before starting hospital kvork, so don't forget the date, andbe sure to come along.

SOCIALS FOR THE BLIND.

The above socials are run for the blindpeopleofPerthbythe BrailleSociety, at which the C.G.M. assist once amonth by preparing supper, washing up, etc. The first social at which we will be on duty will be held on Wednesday, May 2, and any member interested in helping this very worthy cause isasked toforward her name to the office.

DANCING CLASSES,

So you can't come to our fortnight. ly hopbecause you don'tknow how to dance! Well,we'regoingtoshowyou how. Commencing on May 10, classes will be held in conjunction with the Y.C.W, at the Highgate Parish Hall everyFecond Thursdayat8p.m., alter' nating with our fortnightly dance in the Cathedral Hall. Beforeany C.G.M. member can attend these classes, a card must be obtained from the office, and on production of same at the Highgate Parish Hall you will gain admittance. This card must be produced bytheboys attending the dancingclasses as well asby our members. CANTEENS.

Y,A.L.: I,'.G.\L: Friday, May4; Tuesday, 'May 29.

L.B.A.: Sunday, May 13. "SUNDAYMISSAL." By Father Hoover.

We have been fortunate in obtaining alimited number of the above prayer hooks from Pellegrini and Co., and mciiLers may procure acopy at the office. These books are available for a/3 each.

ARTS AND CRAFTS,

This activity is held every Wednes• day evening. If you come up to the Rooms you will see Fome of the finished articles in the show case. Any article in the shore care is for sale.

CG.M. FORTNIGHTLY DANCES.

These dances are held in Cathedral Hall every Thursday fortnight. Admittance is2s.per head, and cool drinks are available at 3d.per glass. Our next dates are Mav 17 and 31.

CONCERT SEASON.

The plans forourSixth Concert Season are now up on the board in the office. Seats may be reserved at 2/6 to all partsof the theatre. No extra charge for booking. The dates are Friday, 25th.: Saturday, 28th.,, and Monday,28th. We areshawin¢in the Fremantle Town Hall on Monday, June 4.

"Like wild beasts they were jammed into small, stinking holds, unable even toliedown. Therewasalmostnoair; the stench of unwashed humanbodies, of festering wounds and human excre. ment, churned sickeningly in their lungs. Occasionally abreath of fresh air would trickle into the swarming hold,

"That breath of fresh air was sup. Plied by the young Japanese officer. Stealthily,hewouldcreeptotheclosed hatch cover; kick it ajar. Finally, he was able to get aword of explanation to the imprisoned men.

"This enemy officer was aChristian, converted by the famed nlaryknoll Fathers. He had no hatred for America, was fighting only because his country,wasatwar.... Hedailyriskedhislifeinthatsmallgestureofcompassion...because hewasaChristian.

"Climax of his gamble with death came when an American torpedo ripped into the hullofthe transport. The enemy crew swarmed into life-boats, but only after the hatch cover over the prisonershad been firmly battened down. In the blackened stinking hold of that doomed ship Americanswaited for death ... almostgratefully.

"Suddenly the hatch cover was ripped away and the face of the young Japanese lieutenant peered in. Men surged upoutofthehold,amongthem the two young officers who told this story.

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What is Philosophy?

Men of All Ages Have Sought .for Ultimate Reasons

By REV. DR. A. WOODBURY, S.1I.

ShiftlessParents&Anti-SocialChildren

ByADA\1NIARSII.

Ihave been reading with a'certain sardonic interest anewspaper correspondence on "The Anti-Social Child." Sardonic,becausein theirefforts toaccount for this very real modern problem, even our inure dehydrated intellectualsseemtobetrayafearthatthat child may be, after all, asymptom-of somethingwrong with theirbest massproduction progress.

slackness of faith, and continues through loss of it to increasing self. indulgence, contraception, divorce, and all the other modern enlighterrments that have steadily but inexorably ,

sapped the spiritual powers-by which the family alone canmaintain itshealth,

(Thisisthefirstofaseriesofarticles r bythe

Rectorofthe newAquinasAca-

demy, Sydney, University students and professional men will find them of deep interest.)

In spite of the many wrong usages, abusesand degradationsthatthe word "philosophy" hassuffered, especially in recenttimes,thetermstillbearsavery precise and exact meaning for those who understand the genuine import of the term. It is really aGreek word, meaning "love of wisdom." So far aswe haveany record, the first touse the term was Pythagoras, anoted mathematician and philosopher, who livedin thesixthcentury B.C. ilany of us will remember him in connection with acertain theorem in geometry, often surnamed "pons asinorum" Its PrimitiiveMeaning.

This Pythagoras remarked that wisdom, in the true and proper sense, could be attributed to God alone; the moistthat we human beingscan aspire to,sayshe,isthe tendency tobewise, the pursuitof wisdom, theloveof wisdom. For that reason he himselfwished to be called notawiseman, but a lover of wisdom.

Thus, from the historical setting of its primitive usage, the word "philosophy" came to mean the sort of wisdom that is attainable by us human beings—wvisdom as accessible to the human mind.

Natural Wisdom.

This restriction to the meaning of the term, narrowingit clownfrom wisdom pureand simple, to wisdomasat tainable by our intellectual power, remainsattachedtoituntil thisday. For other wisdoms, higher wisdoms, such as that of the Divine )find, or that whichwegainthroughsomesharingof the divine wisdom consequent upon God's revelation to man or by way of infusion into our intellect by God— suchother!wisdomsarenot called philosophyr Philosophy is that wisdom that we can acquire by the natural lightofhuman reason,brought tobear upon the things that we see and hear and feel in the world about, or that we experience by consciousness within ourselves,

Wisdom.

Wisdom, of course, is the most perfectofknowledge. Andthemostperfect of knowledges is that knowledge which grasps not only the fact of things, but the reasons or causes of things, and indeed their ultimate reasons, theirmostprofoundcauses. That man knows things best, who can tell not merely that things are, but why thingsare; who cangivethe"whyand the wherefore" of things; who can analyse thingsback into the roots and reasons and causes front which they spring; who indeed can carry this annlrsis right back to the deepest roots, to the ultimate reasons, to the most profound causes; who can make 'the last analysis; who c•an give the ultimate explanation; for to explain is nothing else than to unfold the reasons and causes. That man is wise t,

ho can give the deepest andultimate explanation.

Notable Philosophers.

spoke among the ancients liks asober man speaking among drunkards"), Socrates(called"the lather of dialectics"), his great pupil, Plato and Plato's still greater pupil, Aristotle— this last the greatest intellect of all antiquity, whom St, Thomas Aquinas graces with the simple title of"the philosopher."

In the early Christian period there were eminent names outside the Church, such as. Philo and Plotinus. Then, towering above all men for centuries before and after his time, was the mighty giant, St. Aug. ustine. Uponthe development ofthe greatArabschoolsofphilosophy,many names prominent in the history of thought, emerge upon the scene—Ibn Gebirol,Avicenna,thegreatestofthem all Averroes. These were warriors whom St. Thomas Aquinas himself found worthy of his steel.

From the eleventh and twelfth centuries onwardscame therich flowering of philosophic wisdom in Western Eu• rope, within the bosom of the Church. It was theage of St. Anslem, of Alexander of Ilales, of St. Albert the Great (whose privilege it was to train the prince of all philosophers), of St. Thomas Aquinas, who towers suprerne above their.all, the profoundest thinker that our western blood has begotten, the greatest intellect, after Christ and Ilis Dlother, that the human race has witnessed. It was the age too of the great Franciscans St, Bonaventure, Duns Scotus and Roger Bacon. These were followed, amidst agalaxy of others, as time went W, by the great Dominicans Capreolus, Caletan and John of St. Thomas; and by the famous Jesuits, Fonseca, Suarez, and Vasquez.

From the seventeenth century on. wards,manynotedfigures have arisen, some within the Church, some with. out; Descartes, Leibnitz, Spinoza, Ilume, Locke, Berkley, Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Bergson.

TheirTitle to the Name.

All of these men are marked by a common characteristic: they all elaborated and proposed asystem of doctrine claiming to be an ultimate ex. planation of the objects that confront us in the world in which we live and see and hearandfeel. Theyallclaim to be unfolding the ultimate causes of things, to he analysing the objects of ourknowledgedown to theirmost profound reasons and roots. Some of them are able to substantiate their claim; some cannot; but all of them can urge aclaim that is recognisable, and that merits examination. All of them therefore are justly honoured by the noble title of"philosopher."

And there is this further common characteristic about them all: they all claimed to base that doctrine, which founds theirright to the nameof"philosopher," upon the natural light of hu• man reason: not upon any human authority, noranypoetic fancy,noreven upon divine revelation, orawisdomin. fused into them from God. Thus has the word "philosophy" retained through the ages that original distinc. tive note of"w•isdont as attainable to the human mind by its natural powers"

Dignity of Philosophy.

But more to the point was that, abruptly, in themidstof thelong,serious, sympathetic and rather baffled discussion, one correspondent did, in a blinding flash of simple sense, put his finger on the root cause. Bad upbringing is the source of the evil he declared. These childrenaretheproduct of "shiftless parents," and, because of that, were born into"homes where there were no standards from whichtheycouldlearn." Fighting shy of such wordsas"religion,""morality," and "God,"' the writeryet didhisbest inthelanguageofourtimebydemandinghow we couldpossibly expectsuch offspring to be anybetter after anupbringingentirely lackingin"ideals."

Truthin One's Doorstep.

As Ireadthat Isat backand asked was this another of G. K.Chesterton's travellers, who had set out to search the world for truth, only tofind iton hisown doorstep; or hadsome echoof the teaching of our Bishops penetrated through the sound-proof edifice of modern advancement that in these days surround most minds?

For continuously through this our dayofeverypossiblesocialremedybut Christian commonsense, our Catholic Ilierarchy have been hammeringaway aCone, plain truth:"The only way to dealtSithallmodernproblemsistobegin

at the foundations, and the foundation of civilisation is the home. Until you restore the family, you restore nothing. Restore the family and all other problems will react in a merely natural order."

Now, to begin on the "Anti-Social Child" maybeto begin onan extreme example, yet it is asymptomatic ex. ample. Like all extremes, it is only something that comes at the end of a continuous process- and the continuous process here has been the steady decline from the spiritual quality that gave the family its classic strength, to the materialism that, has, at last, deprived it of the moral backbone that makes for individual and corporate responsibility.

Human Erosion.

The "shiftless parents" are, obviously,theproductofparents,who,intheir turn, did not provide enough "standards" or"ideals"—or, as the Catholic Church insists,"religion"—to help their children to resist shiftlessness. They are, indeed, but the final result of that long erosion that begins with

That this isafactand not atheory, anypriestorworkerwho hasbeencon• corned with the social services during thepast feddecadesmill testify."You can see it even in Catholic families" one such told me. "At one time,one felt the strength that comes from religious integrity even in the poorest homes

... with the crucifix on the walls, or astatueof Our Lady,wenta general feeling that though life was difficult, there was asense of responsi. bility, self-control, rightbehaviour,and fundamental decency.That haslargely gone. The film star has replaced the pious statue. Home life scarcely exists. Indeed, many homes are no more than lodgings where one sleeps after entertainment.

Rotten Roots.

"There is now little sense of responsibility in the parents, therefore less inthechildren. And it is thatlackof responsibility that has spread beyond the home to the national and international spheres. Thatiswhytheworld to-day fumbles about anxiously, wondering why, in spite of so many glittering promises, everything works out wrong. Withitsrootsrotten, thetree of progress cannot thrive."

It is true enough. To have robbed the family of its spiritual strength, as materialism has.is to deprive it of its moral values which alone make for right thinking, right living and right doing. Worse, it does this in those years when these things, so to speak, are put intoachild asthe foundations oflife."Giveme thechild-untilheis seven," said agreat saint, and he could assure itofacharacter that the world could neveroverset.

TheFamily Basis,

It is the family that makesormars achild's moral destiny. :Nothingelse can do it. Noteducation, foraseven correspondentsinmypaper agree,edu cation can only build—or fail to build on the foundation of character that family life has created—or failed to create.

•Let men be good and the_ govern. ment cannot be bad," said William Penn. But, as our Bishops are continuously pointingout, men cannot be good unless their upbringing is good. Andifmenarenotgood,thentheirac. tions—the governments—cannot be good. For what, indeed, is theworld butthe reactionofthe rightor wrongthinking and doing of its individuals; andindividualsarewhattheirupbringing makes them. The anti-social child becomes, in fact, thefatherof anti-socialworld.

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Ifenceithascomeaboutthatincommon usage throughout the ages, those men have been honoured by the tit of philosophers, who have proposed a systematicbodyof teachingwhich can make at least some recognisable claim to unfold the ultimate reasons and deepest causes of the things that are. Outstanding among such men are the greatGreeks, Parmenides (whom Aris• totle called"the father of metaphv sicians"), Heraclitus, Anaxagoras (who wasthe first to formulate theprinciple of efficient causality, who first made the great leap in scientific demonstration from the things of this world to God, proving His existence—wherefore Aristotle praised him, saying that"he

There was once aRoman poet nvho wrote in immortal language afamous line:"Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere catr'sas—Happy he, who could know the causes of things." Philosophy is indeed desirable for its own sake and were we not raised to a supernatural destiny, it would be the inchoation in this life of the highest happiness to which.we would be able toaspireinthelife tocome. Inpoint of fact, raised as we have been to a destinv higher still and supernatural it isapreparation of themindforthat wisdom—Sacred Theology—which proceedsfromsunernatural revelation,and which scientifically examines those realities which constitute our ultimate supernatural beatitude and which conduce thereunto.

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ARNOLD MATTERS AND ROSEMARIE KENNY.

Exclusive Interview for"The Record."

It was my assignment, avery pleasantoneImight add, tointerviewthe above named visiting soloists at the Adelphi during the week. Mr. Matters, adistinguished bass baritone, needs no further introduction tomusic loversin thisState,ashehasappeared in the last three concerts opera seasons presented in Perthby the A.B.C. In particular, the writer still has pleasant memories of this artist's Don Giovanni in Mozartls masterpiece of thisnameonlyafewmonthsago. (It was in this opera that the late Miss .Joyce Ross was associated with Mr, Matters. Ile expressed sincere regret at her passing.) Mr. Matters has a three-foldpurpose forre-visiting Perth. Firstly,asadjudicatorinthevocal and choral sections of the 11th. West Australian Musical Festival; secondly, to open, in conjunction with Miss Rosemarie Kenny as solo pianiste and accompaniste, the "Everyman's Music" series sponsored by the Adult Education Board: thirdly, to appearas soloist inthe Perth Philharmonic Society's presentation of Handel's"Judas Maccabaeus" on April 24.

Discussing the "Everyman's Music" scheme, Mr. Matters said that the scheme wasto selectartistsanddesign programmes that would not only attract the regular recital-goer, but all interested in good music, including thosemakingnoclaimtoanythorough technical knowledge. The proceedings would be informal, and whenever possible the artists would explain in sim ple language and by performance of appropriate excerpts would illustrate the main works of the recital,(At this stage Icould not help thinking whatahappychoicehadbeenmade in selecting Mr. Matters to open the series. Ile seemed the spirit of informalitv.l Ilearnt with no small feeling of pride that this excellent schemeoriginated inthiscity,and that theenlightened musicalmetropolises in the Eastern States are only now falling into line. In answer to aquestion Mr.\Matterscouldnotdiscernany realdifferencebetween Perthaudiences and those in the other capitals. All were(sharply uriticttl fair, and de. manded only the hest from an artist .Tics Kenny was also in accord with this opinion.

visit Perth and return. He had, Being unable,to claim honestly that he wasajockey,swimmerorracehorse, and thus obtain ahigher pri6rity than that of an artist, it had not been an easy matter to arrange. Eventually hesucceeded.

Although Mr. Matters nominates Adelaide as his home town, he has spent much time abroad. Ile went to England in 1929 to complete his training. Ile remained there for'a period of 12 years, and during that time appeared in many operasatCov. ent Garden and over the B.B.C. At Covent Garden he was starred in three international opera seasons, and itwasherethathemetDr.E.Schmidt, the teacherof Rise Stevens, whosings so charmingly in BingCrosby's"Going My Way; now showing in Perth.

Because of Mr. Matters' extensive operaticexperience, Iwas interestedto ascertain his views on the singing of operasin English. This has his w•holehearteapproval. In his opinion Eng• lish is just as musical as most other languages, and, of course, the opera can be of greater interest to anyone knowingthefull text insteadofhaving to relyon terse programme notes. He stipulated, however, that the translations should he periodically revised as many words change their meaning overaperiod ofyears, Ilecould give examples,but Irather hastily pointed out that anything perhaps savouring of indelicacy should be left out ofthis interview, as it was for publication "The Record."Whilston thesubjectof operas, he`agreed that the time was note ripe for Hollywood to enter the field. WithsuchartistsofoperaticexperienceasGrace Moore Rise Stevens. Gladys Swarthout, Lawrence Tibhett. Alan Jones, and Nelson Eddy, to name but afew and the excellent re sourcesofproduction, direction, techni•colour,etc., surely operascouldbeproduced to the satisfaction of the public and he box-office successes as well.

When asked, as adjudicator at the Musi,at Festival, to give his impressions, Mr.-Matters stated that, ab though there had been no really outstanding performances, the standard maintained was agood one. He had attempted to drive home to singers that thev should have agood knowledge of the background of the song they selected—something about the period, the compeer, the words. and soon.

Imentioned my pleasure at the number of successes gained by the pupils of Convents from the metropnlitan area The ad.iudieator-said that they were well deserved.

iasked 1lr\latter,, in conclusion, if he had experienced any difficulty in making travelling arrangements to

many recitals,and iswellknown to Melbourne concert audiences and tobroadcast listeners in the Eastern States. Miss Kenny confided that Perth will be her home in the future, and she is thrilled with the idea. She left one in no doubt that her career isgoing to take secondplace tohermarriage. Avery .:echoice,but hrvw• infrequentlymade by people who should know better! Ido not think it will be long before this artist's charming disposition and undoubted talent will combine to give Perth music lovers the same pleasure that has until the past weekbeen just another Eastern States monopoly.

THETHEATREANDTHEPEOPLE

In the past Ihave several times drawn attention in these columns to the very real demand that now exists among the publicfor are-birthof the drama. Ispeakof itasare-birth I_cause until the drama has assumed again its natural place as afunctional part of society it can for all practical purposes be'regarded as dead. It is not enough thataplaycomesto town and in aIw•hile, as happens atlong intervaf, in thecountry districts,or that inthecity twoorthreeselectdramatic societies ply theirtradeinmoreorless select eircles.'there is agreat need for abroadening of the repertory movementuntil people ofall ages and classes are given an unfettered opport,.nity to express themselves dramatically.

This means that there ought to be more amateur dramatic societies. It also means that.such bodies ought to receive encouragement and help from friends and supporters• and, when nures>ary financial assistance. It mems that the drama ought to receive close attention in our schools and colleges. It may also mean, in the circumstancesof to-day, that there ought to he professional groups of pp,ycrs operating thrughout the lengthandbreadthoftheland sothat the drama could he preserved in its highest form by people whose talents andinterestslead them,todevote their lives to it.

This last raises the questiim of it National Theatre, about which there has been agood(teal of talk inrecent months. Just exactly what the advocates of aNational Theatre have in mind has never been made clear, but hefore any proposal toestablish apro. cessional society at public expense is made the subject of legislation it should be crystal clear as to who is going to control such an organisation and whatistohe it.;policy. Wehave seen attempts by politicians lately to interfere with the running of the Aus. tralian Broadcasting Commission, and it would be surprising if some of our petty dictators(lid not also want a finger in the pie if and when a National Theatre becomes aserious consideration. Goverment control is a thing to le abhorred in any sphere where it is not plainly necessary. It cannot be too strongly stressed that if art istolive within usourcultural de• velopment must be absolutely free of off but moral sanctions.

Iclose this dissertation with an extractfromaprefacebyJ.B.Priestly:

"There are signs already that th^ Theatre, in spite of so many wartime' restrictions, is playing a far greater part in the life of the people than it did before the war. I believe that after the warit mayplay astill great. erpart.mayatlastcome intoitsown.

Wednesday,iAprit 25, 1946.

The people want agood Theatre, and iam certain that both players and producers are anxious to give it to them. Weare told that we have not enoughserious dramatists. It i5 my belief, however, that the plays will come whentheTheatre is ready to receive them. TheTheatre mustorgan. ise itself properly, ridding itself both of catch-penny cheap commeroialism and of Monte Carlo high,jinks. It shouldberunbymen !

whocareagreat deal about dramatic art and not by fellows who are after easy money or merely haveataste for pretty women. Again, it is high time the Press took the Theatre seriously again, and did not simply regard it as an

eccentric poor relation of the films. We need some serious young dramatic critics, who, whenpaperisplentif u

laga

i n

,are given adequate space in which to ex. press themselves, Finally,there should beSchoolsofDramaestablishedatour universities,-like those magnificently equipped schoolsat Yale and Harvard and elsewhere in America, where the Theatre hasgained enormously from its thousandsoftrained students from these dramatic schools. Given these reforms-not one of them revolutionary anddifficult—the Theatre herecan soon begin anew and more spacious life, an6wering adeep needofourpeople.'

—DE GUSTIBUS.

MADORGOODMAN. CELEBRATEDPIIANIST, To GiveTwo

Concerts in Perth.

Described by Neville Cardus eminent English critic, as the best'pianist in Australia, Mr. Isaor Goodman will commencehisfirstworldtourwithtwo concerts in the Assembly Hall, Perth on May 17 and 19.

Mr. Goodman was recently discharg. ed from the A.I.F. owing to ill-health, lie held the rank of Captain in the Australian Army Educational Service, and was one of the first concert pion. ists to tour New Guinea, providing highclassentertainmentforthe Forces. Inallhegaveover200pe r

formances

to audiences exceeding 150,000. Ibis char. ity activities include performances for Australian Red Cross London Bombing Victims, RA,N. "Sydney" Fund, Y.W.C.A.War Funds, A.B.C,StaffWar Funds, Legacy War-'Orphans, Ameri. can Centre in Sydney, French J\'ar Fund,Greek War Victims.

IsadorGoodman is well known toall listeners, having performed in orches. tral presentations under the batons of Dr. Malcolm Sargent, London; Sir Adrian Boult, London; Prof. Schne. voigt, Sydney; EugeneOrmandv (Philadelphia! Melbourne; Prot Ileinze, Syvincy, Melbourne; Mr. Percy Code, ••ydnet•.

His Perth programmes will include works hr• Chopin, Liszt, Schumann, \[ornrt, Bach, Brahms, and Strauss,

The box plan will open on Thursday, llai• I(1, at Nicholson's.

Bomb on Old Tomb of St. Bernadette

The tiny stone chapel at Nevers whereSt.Bernadettelayburiedbutin. corrupt for the first 40 years after her death in 1879, was destroyed during aheavy Alliedraidon the cityinCen. tral France lastsummer, NCWC News Servicenow learns.

The rest of the buildings"of the motherhouse of the Sisters of Charity and Christian Instruction, adjoining important railway yards, escaped unscathed.

Fortunately the still incorrupt body of the saint w•as removed from the chapel afteritssecondexhumation,for the beatification process in April, 1919, and following her beatification in 1925 was placed inits present shrine in the main chapel of the motherhouse, it restsinabeautiful gold andglass casket whereitcanbe seenbyall.The .tuns refused to remove it for safety during the invasion and subsequent occupation arefusal that was j&fiedbysubsequenteventssince,accord. ing toreports, all German soldierswho visited the shrine displayed proper reverence. Some even knelt to pray beside the body,

A novice who helped to'nurse St. Barnadette during her last illness and attended her funeral, still lives at the Nevers convent. She is Sister St. Michael.

Catholics Plan Aid for the Woman on the Land

N.C.K.M. Ideal of Dural Home and Family

Cultivating Good Taste and Utility

What Education and Home Industry

Could Do

We must Christianise the lives of the womenof Australia,intheirhomes. their communities, their reading, their recreation—we must give them aCatholicphilosophy of life.

]low can we do this? First of all we must find it out for ourselves, as no one can give what she hasn't got. Soinour Rural Grouups we study the whole question—learning how the monks Christianised Europe, bringing with them acompletely new way of life, using all the old pagan festivals and Christianising them, teaching men to cultivate the land and' to apply Christ's teachings to everything they didfrom ploughing toeating—teaching them the Christian ideal of home and family. And all.the while impressing on them the idea that God created us "to know, love and serve Him here on earth"—that in order to do this lie gave us instincts, minds, and all kinds of natural resources, with definite directionsas to how theyshouldbe used.

We must learnto seelifeontheland as avocation, as aspecial ivay of life --the most natural surroundings in which toturn ourminds toGod. And we will soonsee,ifiwehavenot already realised, the many natural advantages which life on the land has to offer— that it provides the ideal surroundings in which to briing up afamily, away from the smoke and grime of the city with its food shortages and its high cost of livingits constant threat of depression, its atmosphere ofmoral de. gradation.

It-is an accepted fact that women are"thepowersbehindthethronesthat rule the world"—and this applies just as much to farmers as to kings and princes. Because the home is the cradle of civilisation—here it is that the ideas and characters of the men and women of the future are moulded anddeveloped.

We in the N.C.R.M., have a very definite ideal of the Rural home—

and Family. We envisage it home whose dominatingspiritis oneof practical CoOperation—where everyone has ashare in earning the family's income, and planning the family's fun, doing the family's chores, cooking its nneals and planning its clothes. Our vision is of an attractive country home, t.,

here •cvcry member of the family pulls his or her weight all the time, where the •pmt of"give and take" prevails,.nd which, in line with the 1b,vement publich' prorlairn, cntircly self-contained, if is important to remember that thiscultural training canonlybegiven successfully if the parents are preparerl to participate it is much more enjoyable and therefore much more likel' to be effective, if it is acombined eeort, than if it is just another lesson. This training is not consciously recognised as such—it is in effect that essence of home life which distinguishe's the cultured family from the barbarian: it is that slow but certain culti• vation Of the good taste which should characterise the Christian. And—this is important—

it can only be found in the home. Country children must be given a practical training that will assist them in their later lives. For boys there is adefinite need for some instruction in Farm Mechanics. Wool-Classing, HerdTesting and the various other phases 'of farm life. Fes- girls there is an equally-

great need for Domestic Science in all its phases—from practical ,cookingand mendingto Home Budget-

WANTED TO BUT: Stoves, Mood Ou;PlainandOldBootIron,OoPP,sa, Heaters.Best Prices. RingIM-

ingandHomeDressmaking, and forin structions in the various crafts. These subjects can be included in school cur. ricula if parents want them sufficiently. There are many difficulties in the way, but in this case perhaps more than any utherIt is very true that difficulties were made to be overcome.

This would he only asmall beginning, it is true,towards the solution of the problem; but the problem is so urgent that something must be done immediately. It is the task of the Women's Groups to do something practical in the matter as soon as possible—and who knows to what ends this small beginning may lead. Again itis up tothegroupwhethertheresult is adismal failure or the ultimate recognition of the importance of these subjects in the schools of their own and surrounding districts.

The development of aplan of Home Industry comes as anatural development of the Movement's policy of the Independent Farm, In those parts of Europe and America which have put the ideal ofthe Independent Farm into practice, an entirely new type of rural industry has developed, whereby the taw materials of the farm, from wheat and oats to wool and hides, are processed and transformed into usable products by the women and girls of the:arm home. This has athreefold advantage.

1fIt makes each farm home an almoM entirely self-contained unit, which is especially desirable in times of bao seasons and high prices for clothing and "luxury" foods.

(2) Itprovidesemployment forevery member of the family, whatever its size, thus removing the necessity for any members of the family to migrate to the city,either for economic reasons or because they have nothing to du.

iii It adds substantially to the Family Income, and ensures that each member of the family, whatever her age, has some form of money income.

The plan sponsored by the N.C.R.M., which is still in the planning stage, looks forward to the tinne mhen the Movement will providetrailing instructons who will visitgruupsandtrainthe girls and women of the district in various form of llome Crafts from spinning, scouring, and weaving their own wool and flax to treating skills and making them into all kinds of attractive leathergoods: from the many uses towhichsheepskinscan be put, to the novel and attractive toys than call be made from felt and ply-wood, the eay to-make yet attractive pottery that can be manufactured at home, and novel belt, hats and handbags that are made from ordinary string.

Once areasonaL•le standard of proficiency has been attained the demon. strators will also be responsible for marketing the products. By this meanswehope toensure thatboththe home manufacturers and the purchas ers of the goods are fairly treated as far as price is concerned.

It is emphasised that both these plans are as yet mere topics of discussion,but it is hoped that the time is not far distant when they will be actualworkingServicesof theMovement. Both seem practicable and possible and thereis nodoubtthat both would Ix of real benefit to the rural comnnunity as awhole, Special Work for Girls.

Perhaps the greatest drift from the land particularly since the outbreak of the war, has occurred among girls between the ages of 16 and24. They feel that theirpresence at home isnot necessary,they crave some kind offinancial independence,as it hurts their

pride to have to go to their parents for money for clothes and other neces• cities, and above all they are lonely. In many cases they live agood way out of the town, there are no other young people near them and there cs very little in the tray of social fore• tions at which eyeryone in their district comes together. Hence, they go to town in search of companionship and financial independence and often, too, insearch of"thegay life of the city" so erroneously•layed tip by press, film and radio. The fact that they often end updisillusioned andun-

happy and barely able to support themselves makes the picture even more dismal, as in many cases they feel that they cannot return home and confess to failure.

It is obvious then that something concrete must be done to keep these girls on the land—and for two reasons.

(1) It is undeniably better-for their own welfare, both moral and physical, that these vital years of adolescence are spent in the sane and healthy atmosphere of their own families.

(2) It is better for the nation and for the Church that they should remain on the land because(a) there is amuch better chance of saving their own souls in the open, wholesome sur• roundings of the farm than in the hectic rush of cit,& life, surrounded by temptations of all kind,,, and (b) the nation's crying need is for larger families, and the rate of fertility is nearly twice ashighinrural areas.

There is no reasonw•hv.all thethings which are lacking in the lives of these young girls cannot be provided for them in the country. That they do not feel themselves necessary in their own homes is usually due to one of three factors 111 they have been educated for an entirely different mode of living, and cannot take over responsi• bility for any one part of the running of the home; (2) their mothers areunwilling to delegate responsibility for any part of running the home, even if thegirls arecapable of doingaparticular job well, and tend to treat their daughters asmaids, instead of working with them and asking for their opin. ions: 13) there is not sufficient work to he done in the home to occupy evervbariv land Nis is often true in families where there are anumber of daughter,,

).

NX.R.M.as Work of Adult Education.

In speaking of Catholic Action Pope Pius XI. repeatedly emphasised its importance as it work of adult education. There is in fact, asteadily increasing trend in favour of adult education throughout the English speaking world and itcanbe said that there isafairly general appreciation of the need of various forms of adult education. In. deed, one of the wisest men who ever lived told an enquirer that the secret of his wisdom lay in the fact that he had never ceased to learn..

That may seem apardonable exaggeration, but in fact, it is not. One has only to be conscious of one's own deficiencies in the sphere of education —and we have already seen the wide field that is covered by the word—and there is the first requisite for continuing the process begun during school days, the will and thedesire tolearn

Therecognised technique ofall learn• ing is training nurselles to benefit from the experience of -

others, because we do learn from experience, whether our own or somebody else's. Think for amoment and you will realise that this is actually the principle underlying school text hooks and lessons

given by teachers. The success of any adult education movement rests on the application of this same principle, though perhaps the application is slightly different.

The discussion,which is an essential part of every group'meeting, is probably the most effective and certainly the most absorbing method of eduga• tion. Here ideas are put forward, theirweaknessesexposed andeventually obliterated; the whole group benefits from the experiences of each individual member; .books and their theories are discussed from anumber of individual points of view; complex religious doctrines areclearly expounded. So, in the true spirit of Christian Charityeach groupmember throws her knowledge and her ideas into the melt• ing-pot so that all may benefit from the experience of each other. Sothat as long as she is a member of an N.C.R.it. group the country woman never cease's tolearn.

Another important function fulfilled by the group is that of keeping its members well informed on the ques t' tions of the moment. For example, therehasbeen muchdiscussioninrural groups during the last 12 months on the important subjectof Area Schools. Here was asubject bristling with diffi• culties, particularly from the Catholic point of view. Everybody had her own idea on the subject—some were wildly enthusiastic, others coolly sceptical,and the restjustdidn't know.

But the rural groups took up the , question, and thrashed it out thoroughly. The resultis that the advantages of the whole scheme are fairly generally recognised and when Area Schools do become part of our educational system, as it seems inevitable that they will—group members will know exactly whatthey can be certain of and of what they must beware in the whole project.

The,same principle applies to the gradual building upof aCatholicbackground. Knotty points of doctrine and difficult interpretations of the Christian moral code are thrashed out at the group meeting with the assistance of theChaplain. Sothatside by side with the general educationalwork of the Rural Movement there is acon• tinuous training in Catholte teaching, particularly as it affects the current problemsof the worldof to-day.

TO'THEEDITOR

Sir,—Would you kindly allow me to point out that in my letter published in y

our last issue Iwrote: "Is it wiser to educate the people to selflessness first and give them wealth alterwards, or to give them wealth first?" The unfortunate misprint — selfishness— made the meaning, to say the least.ob. scure.

Further on, a61.57 should read 1.57 1may :idd, quoting from memory, some additional and thought-provolting figures: Between 1921 and 1933 the Australian Catholic population increas• cd by i., per cent. approximately; the whole Australian population by 21 per cent.: the Anglican population by 22 per cent.; and the Presbyterian population by 26 per cent. Even if proselytism—in either way, i.e., leading to acquisitionorto lossof follow•ersrwere taken into account, the different rates of increase quoted above are not easily explained.—Yours, etc„ ),

GENTILLI.

Perfection Stoves;ideal for country and beach. AtHassell'$. 03607.

Established 1874.

OfficialOrganof the Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressall communications to the Editor, Box A35,G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET,PERTH.

TELEPHONE:B6950.

PERTH, \VEDNESDAY, APRIL 25, 19.15.

".`The Very Thought of Thee"

e The dogma of the immaculate Conception declares that Mary is totally free from original sin. This implies the doctrine that she is free front all the effects of sin; for according to the Fathers of the Church, the causeof corporal corruption after death is none other than original sin. Hence,although Vary (lied, yet her body did not see corruption, the punishnient of:;in. These two doctrines of the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption go hand in hand; the beginningand,the end of her life are beautifully harmonised: her entrance into life, ornamented with the fulness of grace, has its perfect complement in her departure from this earth crowned with the fulness of glory, the constunntation of her mysteries, and the trowning of her ineffable privileges. As Mary is truh• Motherof God. she is superior to evert' other creature in her personal glory and exaltation in Heaven, not only in soul, but also in body. Her dignity comprises the one and the other. To be the Mother of God means that:Mary enjoys autost intimate union with God, israised to an almost divine order.

Novena of the Holy Ghost

IN PREPARATION FOR THE FEASTOFPENTECOST.

Observance Throughout the Archdiocese.

In accordancewith Decree539 of the Fourth Plenary Council,aNovena to theHolyGhostwillbeconductedinall parish churches,commencing on May 11. The following prayer will be found suitable for recitationduringthe Novena:

Prayer.

0holy Spirit,Paraclette, Advocate, Comforter, hearken to our prayers as prepare ourselves for the Feast of Thy coming.

'1hou art thelifeand thestrength of the Church. RememberThy guidance of old,when Thou did'st enable her to conquer Judaism and Paganism, Ialse teaching,the opposition of princes and peoples,andthedeceitofcunningcon binations against her. Let Thy help and inspiration be with her in her present fearful difficulties in every land. Give light and courage to all particular duties—the holy Father,Bishops, Priests and Religious. Do not abandon her children to the merciless machinations of her enemies. Give her victory where her altars are erected and her voice is heard. Let her own land be the recipient of Thy choice favours. Bless our diocese,our par_ ish, our homes.

'too, ArcObiocooe

APPOINTMENTS.

His Grace the Archbishop anounces the followingclerical appointments:

Rev. P.Kelliher, Assistant at West Perth, to be Parish Priest of Bridgetown.

Rev. M. Brennan,Assistant at Kal. goorlie, to Coolgardie.

Rev. C. McSweeney (newly ordain. ed), to be Assistant at Kalgoorlie.

Rev, A.Scully (newly ordained), to be Assistant at West Perth.

Rev. J. Walsh (newly ordained), to 1eAssistant at Highgate Hill.

Rev. M. K. Duffy (newly ordained), to be Assistant.at Queen's Park.

Rev.J.Sorohan (newlyordained), to be Assistant at Midland Junction. Rev.D.'J, Lenihan (newlyordained), to be Assistant at Collie.

AR=MHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

April 29—

Canonical Visitation and Confirma• tion at St.Joseph'sChurch, Queen's Park,

Mary conceived and brought forth Christ-God. She gave Hint lei substance. her flesh and blood. She has afull maternal right to God as her offspring, so that God himself, as her Son, is subject to tier in amanner that lie must call her Mother, obey, honour and love her as His Mother. Fle must adorn her with those gifts and graces that should belong to the Mother of God, and that aSon. \Vho is God, should bring to His \mther. Should not the mother of aking be aqueen' Flow undignified and dishonouraldc to God would it be to havea1lothcr unworthy of Him and deprived of these gifts that arc due to the Mother of God. Front this we conclude that it is altogether unworthy of the dignity of the Mother of God that that body which rupplied the flesh and blood to;tic Redeemer of mankind should suffer separation from Hint in the tomb,andabandonmenttocorruption. „

That the both-

of the Virgin," says St. Augustine, "shouldhe delivered up to the worms icannot believe. and should shudder to teach." This special pri\ilege of the Assumption was granted to Mary so that her body should he, like her son], stainless:vt(1 incorrupt. in order that she should he entirely holy and full of grace, perfect in body and in soul, in earthly as in heaywtl• glory. •

NVitli good rc,son, then, nta\ \\ccall upon Mary to-day. Neer morepersistently than to-dayhave thedelightsof earthbeen offered in substitution for thejoysofheaven. To themodern man the considerations of earth are all-important; the pursuit of heaven's vast possibilities is shoved off to a(lint convent librar *

,, to unread hooks, to half-empty churches. So Christ was good to us when He lifted His. Mother into heaven, and, through the gates Opening for the Assumption, gave its aglimpse of\\-flat, in measure,shall he the reward ofall the good, the pure, the devoted, the other-worldly. His powerful providence scents clearly at work when the Fcast of the Assumption and the tradition and doctrine that underlie it take on to-(lay anew importance and pressing insistence in the Catholic consciousness. The Catholic Church has many atinte•sayed Europe from lapses from faith or morals, and, as at Lepanto, front physical destruction Pr slavery. She alone, by the favourof Mary-Queen of Heaven,can bringthe world safely through the terrible crisis that it faces.

OHoly Spirit, the life and strength of souls, beiwith us in our daily struggles. Without Thee wecan donothing; with Thee we are powerful. Quicken us irr our service of Thee;put from us sloth and indifference and even obstacle to prayer and infidelity to our duties. Give us alove of Mass and the sacraments,and willingearstoThy inspirations. Convince us that sin ds the greatest evil. May we dare to hope from Thee for the graces when loveorcGod mademen and womenface ahostile and unsympathetic world with confidence and joy. We ask Thee also for temporal favours. Through Thee the earth was brought into its present state andmade ahabitation for man. Renew it. Let a ealutary rainfall give life and vigour to its parched hills and valleys, and cause them to adorn thernsel•es with acarpet of luxuriant vegetation of every kind, May it all he for Thy glory and that of the Father and the Fun, One God in Three Divine Per. son:-! Amen.

Living With the Church

April 29—Fourth Sunday after Eastei (White): Mass proper. 2nd, prayer of St Peter, Martyr. 3rd, prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of Easter.

April 30—St, Catherine of Siena, Vir gin(White): \lass"Dilexisti." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer for peace. Pre• face of Easter.

May 1.—SS. Philip and James, Apos tles(Red): Mass proper. 2nd, prayer forpeace.

Creed. Preface ofthe Apostles.

May 2.—St. Athanasius,Bishop, Confessor andDoctor (White): Mass proper. 2nd,prayer forpeace.

Creed. Prefaceof Easter.

May S.—The Finding of the Cross (Red): Massproper. 2nd. prayerfor peace

Creed. Preface of the Cross.

May 4.—St. Monica,Widow (White): Mass proper. 2nd. prayer for peace Prefaceof Easter.

May 5.—St. Pius V., Pope and Confes sor(White): Mass "Statuit: 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd, prayer for peace. Pre. face of Faster.

Catholic Broadcasts

Sunday, May 6— St. Mary's Cathedral:Missa Cantata, 11 a.m. Preacher:Rev. A.Lynch.

The Catholic Answer: Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Sta. tions 6PR and BTZ.

May6— Official opening of"Marian Lodge," Kalamunda.

May 13.—

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St.Joseph's Church,Busselton.

May 20 (PentecostSunday):

11 a.m.: Pontifical High Mass, St. Mary's Cathedral.

3p.m.: Confirmation of adults, St. Mary's Cathedral.

May 24-

3.15 p.m.: Attend Annual Meetingof Catholic Women'sLeague.

May 27— Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St.Kieran's Church,Osborne Park.

May 29-

9.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn Office' and Requiem Mass,St. Mary's Cathedral:Anniversary of the late Archbishop Cltme.

May 30-10 a.m.: Preside. at Solemn High Mass at"Glendalough," on the occasion of theGolden Juhilee of one of the Community of the Little Sisters 0• of the Poor.

H.A.C.B.S.

Our Lady, Help of Christians, Branch, East Victoria Park. A ver' enjoyahle meeting was held on Tuesday night, April 17, when the District Board was in attendance on their annual yearly visitation. Bro. Rive was reported on the sickr li-t and Sr. Ryan was reported to be improving. All memberswish them a speedy recovery.

Correspondence was received from Bro. A. McCarthy, A.Lh., Bro. T. Kilmartin, N.T., and Bro. Greenwood, Ai.F., in which they one and all sent the members their best wishes.

Two new members were admitted into the branch, Misses A. and IL Et-• trige, and the president gave them a hearts• welcome. In extending awelcome to the District Board.Bro. Presidentoutlinedthe activities of the branch for the last year, which the membersof the Board were pleased to hear.

Rev. Father O'Connor,the branch chaplain, supported the president's remarks, and said he was extremely pleased with the spiritual side of the hranch.

Bro. Walker then addressed the meeting on behalf of the District Board, in which he said he was very pleasedwiththeprogressofourbranch. Ile was supported by Bro.Wall and 11ro. Edwards,the lattergiving the figures for the last financial rear.

Rev. Father O'Connor then recited the closing prayers and closed the', meeting. After which all adjourned to the hall, where a very enjoyable supper was set by two lady helpers of thebranch.

Holy Father Calls For Prayer to Mary During May , Special Value of Children Intercession

Relief of -Suffering and Christian Peace

His Grace the Nrchbisliop has received the following telegram from His Excellency, the Apostolic Delegate:— Archbishop Prendiville.

Perth.

"Th%Osservatore Romano," of April 19, publishedan lincyclical calling upon the. faithful, especially the children, to pray to the Blessed Virgin during the coming month of May for the relief of the suffering caused by the war and for Christian peace founded on justice and charity.

ARCHBISHOP'S INSTRUCTIONS:

Ili order that the wvishes of the Holy Father be carried out folly and in auniform manner, His Grace the Archbishop issues the following instructions to the priests of the Archdiocese:-

1. That every priest, secular and regular, celebrate one Votive Mass of Our Lally (luring the month of May for the intentions of His Holiness the Pope.

2. That on Sunday, May 6, an Hour of Adoration before the Blessed Sacrament exposed he conducted in all parochial churches. (luring which special prayer.;'for the Pope's intentions•will be offered.

3. That the attention of the faithful be drawn to the -

Holy Father's letter, and that they be constantly exhorted during the month to pray for his intentions.

CHILDREN'S PART IN CRUSADE:

His Holiness appealsespeciallyfor theprayersof thechildren.

The Superiorsof the Schools and Collegesof the Archdiocese are requested to keep this appeal before the minds of the children and to solicit their prayers. The children of each school and college will unite with the members of the Religious Community in charge, in makingaSpiritual Bouquet;:ronsisting,

of Holy Masses. , Holy Conttntmi o

ns, Visits to the Blessed Sacranietrt, and other good works offered to God for the intentions of the Holy Father.

Thus will the priests, religious, and laity, young and old, of the Archdiocese unite with Our HolyFather the Pope and their eworld in s

oliciting the aid of Al- Catholic brethren throughout th mighty God, through the mediation of Our Messed Lady, in bringing about that return to religion which His Holiness has so often and so emphatically declared to he the only apprcch to a true and lasting peace.

Immigration

to Britain

Suggested

WHERE STOPES AND SANGER HAVE LED THE DEMOCRACIES

„ among the good things said by Mr. Churchill during this war is that Bri. tain's destiny depends on au overfiowing fountain of healthy children born into what we trut•t will be abroader society and it less distracted world.

To-day in the Allied nations Birth Prevention tolerated ere its foul harvesting ripened into the seeds of national decay and decline is being pil

• loried as apublic enemy.

Britain is seriously alarmed over the declining birth-rate. A Royal Commission hasbeenstudying the problem forover ayear. And with reason, since while marriages in the four years, 1939-12 totalled 225,000 more than from 1936.35, there were only 19,000morebirths. Thegravityofthe situation is evidenced by the astonish ing suggestion of aTory reform committeethat Britainbeopened toimmigration from countries with expanding populations.

It would seem as though the wheel has made afull revolution since 179S, when the Rey. Robert Malthus advo. cated the restriction of births, since otherwise thg population would outgrow themeansofsubsistence. From that day to this Malthus has had many disciples whose vigorous propagandaisworthyof acleanerandabet. ter cause. in modern tilnes Marie Slopes and Mrs. Sanger have made theheadlines in Englandand America.

Civil WarThreat Helped-Eire to Neutrality

Stephen Gwynn, in the course of an article in the"Manchester Guardian," under the headings"Irish Neutrality" and "Was Mr, de Valera Justified?" writes: it seems likely to me having lived almost continuously in England since 1637, that people outside of Ireland have no adequate view of the course which Mr. de Valera felt called upon to take. To many Irish Nationalists itwas most distasteful, and itis only now, after spending several weeks in Duklin,andespeciallyafterclosestudy of an important debate in the Dail, that IfindMr. deValerajustified., situation was governed by what happened in the last war, when the vast majority of Nationalists, following Redmond's lead, supportedEnglandin the fieldhoping toestablishtheirclaim to self-government, which the Brit democracyhadgone fartowards -

granting. '

But at the same time a fanatical minority atacked the British forces in the name of an Irish Republic. Easter Week of 1916 produced itscrop ofvictims, who were then not yetcanonis-t as martyrs; public sympathy still went out fully to the gallant figures like John Redmond's brother Willie,. orthat brilliantcreature,T. M F^' who fell in the trencheswiththe Irish Division. Theiractiongotcivil words from England, but no more. The Irish Convention was abortive. Nothing thatcouldbedonebysupportingEngland paid any dividend to Irish Nationalism. Meanwhile the anti-Eng. lish element pet'severed, and did not persevere in vain. In elections after the war Sinn Fein swept the board, and after two Yeatsofabitterstruggle EnglandconcededtothemenofEaster Weekfarmorethaniteverdreamed9f giving to Redmond and the rest ofus. CivilWar Danger.

In 1939 itwould havebeenstrangely inconsistent for Mr. de Valera, one of

the Easter Week leaders, to renew the policy(whichhadfailed with Redmond. His own followers could hardly -

have been expected to accept such alead from him. Any attempt tobring Ireland into the European conflict would have metwithresistance andthecountry was already so torn-with internal strife that civil war would have been more easily started than avoided. Yet even I, who remember the earlier case vividly, was hardly aware of this dan•. ger, though it was plain enough that Ireland at large would hold that'in the last war England made afool of John Redmond and got solid help for afew fair words. In short, Mr. de Valera could only have gone into the war by adesperate risk to his personal authority.

Mr. Gwynn goes on: The constitu. tional statesmen of Ireland have to, contend against afalse romanticism in which every policeman seems the naturalenemyofevery patriot. GeneralMulcahy, who has not the respon. eibility ofoffice upon him, goes to the limit of demanding that Eire should frankly decide to take its place in the' Commonwealth, to which it is bound by itsnatural interestsandevennecessities. Mr.de Valera evidently does not feel it wise to go so far, but he makes plain beyond yea or nay that no minority of romantic revolutionaries shall embroil Ireland with Great Britain. In the same debate his Min. iSter forJustice, Mr. Boland, spoke of the methods which these folk are using. Boys in the schools, as they come toleavingage, are tempted with the distinctionofjoiningasecret-oathbound organisation and become duly enrolled only to fi,

nd later on, when they swish to cut themselves clear of this machinery, that they are faced withthe penaltyof thebullet.

Mr, de Valera does Ireland aservice if he limits the operation of this (Continued on Page 16.)

And statistics establishe,l how• successful they havebeen in puttingover the Ncw Immorality, even if they have discardedthe Nlalthu, theorytoalarge extent.

:Arnold Lunn tellsofadebateat Oxford University on this unsavory sub ject at which anon-Catholic speaker arose and deliverer) one of the shortest speeches on record. "The \ew Moralityis now new:' he said, "It is not morality. It is merely our old friend Lust" Because the Catholic Church, of necessity, since it has been divinely commissioned to teach the truth revealedbyGod,agreeswith the Oxfordspeaker,ithas beenlabelledobscurantist. Since it will not agree that theGod of Revelation should he replaced by anice home-made Deity. it has been roundly denounced and condemned for refusing to advance with the times'A "modern"conceptof God is what the world needs and to and behold, the Catholic Church rill notagree that theGod of Sinai is

out. moded! To maintain, as the Catbo• lie Church maintains, that the only legitimate way of controlling birth is to control the sex instinct, is abar to human progress!

And now that the',

topes and the ',angers have had their innings, it de velop5 that the Catholic Church was right, even on the lesser plane of na. tional good.

Paris Rising was Planned in. Catholic Youth Club

An innocentlooking Catholic young men's sports club, at the foot of the Sacred Heart Basilica in Montmartre, Paris,wasoneoftheprincipalmeeting placesfortheleadersoftherisingthat liberated Paris as the Allies reached the city,reports the "Universe" correspondent.

There the National Council of Resistance planned most ofthedetails of the rising,presidedoverby M.Georges Bidault, the present Foreign Minister. M. Jean Guignebert, present French Broadcasting Director, and M. Parodi, Minister of Labour, also took part.

Among them was even one wellknown anti-clerical journalist AI. AIt:ert Bayet—who posed as a parish churchwarden.

The sports club known as the Cliampionnet-Sports(after thenameof the street in which it was situated). .nt•aswellknownforitsamateurbasketballteam. Itschaplainwasthe Alwi ,

e Borme, who has himself given details of itsother secret-purpose.

Patriots Met in Back Room.

The resistance leaders met several times aweek, not without difficulty, astheyhadtokeeptheiridentityfrom the younger members of the club, who might have become carried away by the adventure of the situation and boast of it to others. The problem was solved by aside-door being built whichled the patriots directly to their room without going through the general club.

Anunderground newsservice,wasset upinthebuilding. Almosteveryday pamphletsandinformation droppedby Allitd parachutes outsidethecitywere taken there to be reprinted in thou sands on coVving machines and circu• lated through Paris. Senior members addressed all the envelopes by

hand and helped in their risky distn bution.

Gestapo vigilance forced this service eventually to be suspended and the dangerous papers to be destroyed.

However, an expert forgery business was maintained, identity cards,.ration cards and credentialsof all sorts being manufactured..The most compromising lists of the club's activities were kept between leavesof threevolumes ofthe Summa of St.Thomas Aquinas.

Arms and explosives for sabotage were sometimes deposited at the club, one of the lorry-drivers for this task being If. Yves Farge, to-day Republic CommissionerfortheLyons region.

Several times the danger warning wasgiven,as forinstance, on the clay when sixmembersofthe club werearrested by the Gestapo and it was decided to destroytheprintingsets. Two members, arrestedand sent off to Ger• many, escaped by jumping from the train. On their return to Paris they continued to frequent the club. Of others, it is not yetpossible to speak, as they are stillprisoners in Germany.

42 MembersMassacred.

One of the club's last outings, held afew days before the liberation, ended in tragedy when 42 of its young members, working for the resistance, most o fthem Young Christian Students,-were surrounded and massacred intheBoisdeBologne. Theman w'ho gave them awaywasexecuted in Paris on February 7.

These young men were then, as always, prepared for arly eventuality. They had all attended aretreat and watched before the Blessed Sacrament at the beginningof the day.

Once while in the back room, a weapon ddopped by parachute was beingexamined,anexplosion occurred. Immediately the radio was switched on at full blastandeveryone lit cigarettes and beganto talkloudly so that the younger people would not notice.

SOUTH PERTH PROCESSION

.ANNUALMAYDAY.

On Sunday week, May 6, the South Perth May Procession will be held at St. Columba's Church, Forrest-street, South Perth at 3p.m. The occasional preached, will be the Rev. Frank O'Connor, of East Victoria Park. All arrangementsargnowinhandtomake thisyear's celebration aworthy act of thanksgiving to Our Lady for the many blessings she has showered upon us, and especially for the victorious end of hostilities in Europe, which are nownear and certain.

Everyone in the parish is coming to honour Our Lady, Queen of the May, thatafternoon. Although itis afam. ily gathering, we on this occasion ex. tend to others acordial invitation to form part of our parish family this year.

The order of the procession will followthe same route ason former ones. The Rosary will be recited at 3p.m. in the church, followed by Father O'Connor's sermon. Then the procession, headed by the Children of Mary, will move along Forrest-street, into York-street and there on the grass lawn'softheCorrventweshallkneelfor Benediction from the altar outside the chapel's main door. The women will follow the Children of Mary, then the men, headed by the Holy Name mem. bers, and our artistic standard. Alen andwomenin uniformwillwalkimmediatelybefore thecanopy. Thecadets fromAghinasCollegewillformaguard ofhonour. Twenty-four flower strewers, and twenty-four page boys, with silver bells, swill strew the pathway of •our Eucharistic King as He walks in benediction through•our parish.

The Children of Mary visitors are invited by the local sodality to afternoon tea when the ceremony is finish. ed. It would helptheparish sodality did we know how many we might expect. AtelephoneringtotheConvent would he appreciated.

Belfast ProtestantsJoin Fight Against Cremation

ICROMED CRUCIFIX 22/9

HANDSWIE CHROMED CRUCIFIX, as illustrated. SizeDin.highxDintwide,22/9.

MEDALS 2/• EACH

WHITE METAL AfIRACULOUS .AND ST. CHRISTOMEDaLS, 2/- earl.

ROSARIES 3/6

STRONGLY. AIADE ROSARIES. in yellow,black, and white, with metalcross,3/6,

Strong opposition from Protestants, as well as Catholics has met the Bel. fast corporation's decision to Feek, throughaParliamentaryBill, provision toopen acrematorium in the city.

. Christian-minded person could agree to thepractice,Alderman Pierce, anon-Catholic, told ameeting of the general purposes committee. It is a dreadful suggestion and he could not but admire the Catholic Ghurch, which has always stood against the practice, in accordancC with the Bible. LegalityChallenged.

Councillor Lavery, asking if there is any demand for acrematorium in the city', said he would like to remind the council that allreligiousdenominations hold very strong views on the ques tion. lie challenged the legality of the council to spend money for this purpose without first studying the viewsof the citizens in general.

Another Protestantcouncillorsaidhe hoped the daye will never come when theywould haveacrematorium in Bel fast.

Once while on holiday in Blackpool heobserved alittle casket,surrounded withfruitandapipe,inaroomofthe house where he was staying. On in quiry, the landlady told him that the casket contained the ashes of her husband and she put the fruit and p.'• around it because her husband had been fond of these things when alive.

For the Catholics Alderman Agnew opposed the project. saying that there hasbeennopublicdemandand that,as. aCatholic, he could not agree under any circumstances. The decision to have the crematorium however, was passed by 25votes to.l6, LivingBeforeDead.

Amore sensible thing than finding analternative toChristianburial,comments the"Irish Net%N," would be to improvethelotoftheliving."Itmay be some tiaint consolation to the peoplewho have been half-buried inslums alltheir lives to know that aconsider• ate corporation proposes to provide a way to save them from being buried whenthey die.

.But their comfortwould be stronger if they knew that the council was giving them better homes instead. Criticismofthelackofaccommodation (Continued foot of next column.)

League of Catholic Youth, Subiaco

The dancing season has opened enthusiastically. OnSaturday, April 21; the firstof ourdanceswasheld in St. Joseph's Hall. Anexcellent crowdattended and at times thefloor was taxed to accommodate 160 and more dancers.

On this occasion admittance to the hallwasby imitation. The samepolicyofissuing invitations to our dances till be continued in the future, be. cause, quite frankly,wewish tobeexclusive. Every person in the hall on Saturday was vouchedfor, and, consequently, the evening wasasuccess socially and in everyway. The orchestra, perhaps, wasalittledisappointing, but this matterwill be rectified before thenext dance.

Incidentally the next dance.will—be held on Saturday, May 5. There are plenty ofmvitations available for any Catholicswhowish toenjoythemselves asCatholics among Catholics. If you have not an invitation already, ask some friend of yours in the L.C.Y. to get one for you. or apply to J. Alaschmedt. 130 Cambridge-]street West Leederville, Come andenjoy yourselvesinthehappy,rollicking,carefreeatmosphereof St.Joseph'sHallonSaturday, May 5.

We wish to thank all those responsible for the preparation and decoratingof the hall,andforthe daintysupper whichwalsservedsoefficiently.We wishtothankMrs.Perkinsalsoforher seri,

ices as official vendor of cool drinks. Undoubtedly herlittle corner was the most popularpart of thehall.

Amongtheyoungladiespresentwere thefollowing: MissesPat'A[cGovern,B. Low, Al. Healy, F.Gepp, D. Flynn, A. Flynn, R. Tulloch, E. O'Farrell, K. Hayes, P. Hayes,B. Logan, S. Perkins, A[. Holland. C. Moxham, H. Movham, J. Alaschmedt, P. Mandible, J. Butler, H. Binks, S. Peirce,

J. Bafler, K. Lynch, T. Alurray, N. Pike, V. Watts, J. McGuigan, R. Gleeson,J. Walsh, T. Casserly, J. Casserly, P.Grove, S. Barker, N. Hancock, J. Stephenson. M. Stephenson, G. Parker, P. Jones, P. A. Jones, P. White, C. Hickey, Peg Hickey, At. Collopy, R. Ryan,).*Ryan, B. Allen, P. Johnson, W. Williams, D. Green, J. Ambrosius, A. Creed, M. Flynn, S. Price, E. Alackin, AI.Keenan, M. Higgins, 0. Nnrrish, Raganzini and Urquhart,andotherswhoseidentityescapedus. Among the gentlemen present were to be seen: Messrs, J. Alaschmedt, L.. Peirce, R. Fernes, J. McGuinness, G. McGuinness, J. Daly, K. Norrish, B. Ryan. R. Ryap, C. O'Brien, J. Andem. K.Millar A. Murphy, J. Moynihan, 13, Casserly, C. Hammerslev, R. Ferguson, F. Rice, G. McGrade, P. Taylor, N Curnick, W. Nelligan, J. Kirby, H. Jermy, G. Jermy, J. Sutherland A. J. Bull,.11. O'Neill,G. Barry, J.Casey, E Catlin, R. Kierath, Al. Pike, D. Casserly, C. Marchioro, D, Slaven, L' Broderick, A. Le Page, L. Stubber, E. Imms, J. Head, 1'. Berms W. Hodge, B. J. West. K. Moxham, D. Thomas and partner,T.McMullen,T.Gibbons. P.

J. Sweeney, P. Allen,ILTonkin,J.Doyle, V. Aims, 1Stewart. R. Jeffreys, G. Fergusson, L. Boylson. 1'. Flynn, F. Connaughton, K.. Henderson. 1 Branch, N. Brownrigge,

J.Carmody, A1. Carmody, R. Casserly, W. Andrews, N. A. Harris, 13, Hanley, R. Spargo, and others tthose presence or identity escaped u5.

Atour usual weekly meetingheld on Monday. April 23, about 40 members were present. The L.C.Y. receiver] anotrer newmemberin RayJeffries.

Sport.

ootball training starts in earnest next Tuesday.

Basket ball practice is now held on every second Thursday. All those memhers interested arc asked to oeme along to practice, as the season starts in June.

With the winter almost upon u,, we'remakingaspecialAppealforbook; for our library. One thousand books is our aim. If everyone gave even onebook, the'number would be reached quite easily.

for tubercular cases suggests that if the corporation were to direct the energyitisdevotingtothecrematorium reheme to the welfare of the tubercular it would be better for the communityas awhole"

ussia Enthrones a New -

.Patriarch

First Pastoral Published in U.S.S.R.SinceRevolution

Growth of Irreligion& Neglect of Church Condemned ...

Soviet Propaganda Directed Against Vatican

At aGeneral Council of the Russian Orthodox Church heldin the Sokolniki Cathedral Alexei Simansky, Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod and locum tenens of the Patriarchal See, was on February 2unanimously elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, in succession to the Patriarch Ser_ gius. who died last May.

ARu!sian correspondentwrites:"The new Patriarch, Alexei(Simansky), was born of anoble family in Moscow -

on October 27,

1S77. Ile read law in the Moscow University and took adegree in 1599. In 1904 he graduated from the MoscowTheologicalAcademy,after taking holy orders in 1902. Ile acted in succession as Inspectorof the Pskov Theological Seminary and as Rector of the Tula and Novgorod Diocese. In 1921 he was transferred to the post of the Vicar of Petrograd Diocese. In 1926 he was made acting Bishop of Novgorod: in 1932. Metropolitan of Novgorod; and in 1933, Metropolitanof Leningrad. From November, 1943, onward. he administered the two Metro. politan Sees in conjunction with each other. 'lie became locum tenens of the Patriarchal See after the death o1 Patriarch Sergius in May, 1944.

"Little is known about his political views. Throughout the blockade of Leningrad, the Metropolitan remained at his

post, and theSovietGovernment decorated him with the Medal'For the _ DefenceofLeningrad: OnOctober 10 • 1944, he addressed aletter to Stalin in which he informed him that he was going to appeal to the Church for a money collection for the Relief Fund for Red :\rmy Men's Children and FantiPes, and that the Patriarchal See itself had opened the list with a1.(100; 00`1 roubles donation Ile concluded theletter with thefollowing words:'fn reporting this new patriotic prove to you, clear Joseph Vissarionovieh, whose constant care extends to all fields of life of the Russian people. idoubt not Uat it will hemet byapprovalon your part. This approval will encourage us still more in our endeavours to

beus worthyofthegreathonourof tak. ing part in the grandiose national war etlortheaded by you. our beloved and God-given Supreme Leader.'" The ceremony of enthronement took place oft Sunday in the Bogoyavlensky •Cathedral. The American NBC cntrlntentator, Mr. Robert Magidoff, said:

:twas the most elaborate and lavish spectacle Ihave ever seen in my life. Over 6,000 people assembled in the Bogoyavlensky Cathedral, including the members of the diplomatic corps, outstanding Soviet singers, ac. tors and scientists, and afew men in Red Army uniforms. High dignitaries of the Orthodox Church the world overparticipated in theceremony. The culminating feature was the presentation of the gold mitre and the sceptre, both gleaming in the floodlights used lx cameramen who recorded the en. thronement. The Patriarch knelt to take the last vows and then two mag. nificent church choirs burst out with thechordsof"Binogaya Leta." wishing the Patriarch manv years of rule. The bells resounded in the vast Byzantine arches of the cathedral. The prayers, which followed the enthronement in. cluded the prayer, read by the Patriarrh, for victory:'

The late Patriarchs will had formal1v requested the members of the Holy Svnod to arrange the transfer of the office of the Patriarchal locum tenens ,to Alexei, That transfer of office, or temporary appointment, was as much aslay within the late Patriarch'scompetence;(or the election of anew Patriarch aCouncil 1"sobor") was requir. ed.

The votes were taken orally, and the w•ho:c procedure was filmed. The last Council to meet in Moscow was-that of 1917; and its task likewise was the electionof aPatriarch. At first ama. jority of voters then pronounced in favour of Anthony, Metropolitan of Kiev; but for reasons which are still unknown thisvotewasnotcarriedinto effect, and resort was made to the drawing of lots. Thefinalchoice then fell to Tikhon.

Each ofthe forty-fourdioceses of the Soviet Union sent one Bishop, one priest and one layman to the present assembly. Among those attending as guests were Benjamin, Patriarch of Constantinople; Alexander Ill, Patri. arch of Antioch; Christophoros, Patri. arch of Alexandria; Timothy, Patriarch of Jerusalem; Kalistratus, Patri. arch of Georgia: Josip, Metropolitan of Skoplje, heading adelegation from the Serb Patriarchate; and afive-man delegation from the United States, headed by the Metropolitan Benjamin, who flew fromNew York.

The opening session of this Council, on January 31, surrounded, as one American observer said,"with all the splendour of Tsarist times," sent this message to Stalin before proceeding to business:"Mav God send to our dear Fatherland quickest victory, and many years oflife to our mostbelovedleader and Commander-in-Chief, Josef Stalin."

Afterwards M. Karpov, the represen. tative sent to the Council by the So. viet Government, paid tribute to the part that has been played by the Church in the waragainst Ifitlerism:—

"From the first day of the war the Church joined in the'defence of the frontiers of the Motherland. Its activities included collections and donations for the construction of tanks and planes, and for the relief of the sick, the wounded, and warorphans."

For the first time since the Russian revolution the official Government organ, "isvestia," recently publisher) a pastoral message condemning the growth of irreligion in Russia and neglect of the Church. It deplored the diminution of Church marriages, baptismsandconfessions. During the war, said the message, there had been .t great religious revival and aunification of practically all the Nonconform. ist sects under the dominant Russian Orthodox Church. The message ended with the invocation:"Maythe glory of the Holy Name of the Father, Son and HolyGhost prevail overourland."

On the same day- the Soviet Press published amessage'from the Council of the Russian Orthodox Church to Christians throughout the world, call. ing for"theextermination of Fascism" and condemning those who call for. mercy "in the name of forgiveness."

We have not yetseen the full textof either of these documents, but their simultaneous appearance gives the impression of asomewhat ingenuous bargain. The latter message refers clearly to what is taken to be the effort of the Holy See to secure from the Allies an assurartce that the German will be mercifully treated. Particularly since the Pope's Christmas Eve broadcast, but for some monthsbefore it also, the Soviet Press has been attributing this desireto the Holy See,and denouncing it in terms not marked by any great restraint.

The home serviceof Moscow wireless was recently giving itslisteners the im1ression that in the United States there is much active hostility to the HolySee on political grounds. In the afternoon of February 2. it quoted an American journal,"The Protestant," to show that the Pope "istryingto whitewash Fascism and to make democracy serve the interests of Catholic reac-

tion." "The Pope, in anticipation of the defeat of European Fascism, pro. tected by the Vatican, hints that heis ready to come to an agreement with American democracy if only it will accommodate itself to his wishes. In the sameway, the Popeis tryingto fit in the future peace organisation with the interests of Fascism and reaction" Then Mr. E. A. Alowrer was quoted in criticism of the Pope'sChristmas Eve broadcast, "nlowrer stresses that in Italy the Vatican had supported Mussolini's Fascist clique and favoured the repression of democracy. After Fascism came into power in Germanv the Catholic Centre Party submitted to it under the Vatican's pressure. During the war in Spain the Pope demanded that the Spanish Hierarchyshouldsupport Franco. In France the Catholic Church took the side of reaction.Thus, the Vatican not only supports Fascism but does not even consider the overthrow of democracy asin."

In the evening a "Tass" statement from New York was broadcast:"More than 1,600 representatives of the American clergy of the nonCatholic Churches have published adeclaration addressed to Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin, protesting against the Vatican's intervention in international affairs." here again the argument was elaborated, that"the Pope supported Mussolini in Italy, Dollfuss and Schu'schnigg in Austria, Franco in Spain, Petain in France; and in the present conflict he is taking the part of the enemies of democracy."

Our Russian correspondent writes:

"The Metropolitan Benjamin (Fedchenkov), who has gone to Moscow from New York, left Russia with the White Armies in 1920. Ile was Bishop with the Russian exiles first in Berlin, later in Paris. In 1932 he severed all connections with the exiled hierarchs and submitted himself to the Moscow Patriarchate, who appointed him to the post of aPatriarchal Exarch in America. He had ahard time,because the majority of the American Orthodox clergy did not recognise the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate. The bitternessof thisprolongedstruggleseems to have biased him politically and made him incline more and more towards a reconciliation with the Soviet regime. Ihappen to know,him personally. A strikingly handsome man, apowerful orator and endowed with great charm —he is of peasant stock, and has many endearing peasant characteristics in his speech and habits—he is constitutionally unable to control his emo• tions, which are always apt to carry him off on atangent. The outbreak of the German-Soviet war swept away all theremnantsof hishostility to and mistrust a the regime. If he prefers to remain in Russia—and it will be hard foraman sodeeplyrootedin the Russianearth to go back to New York after revisiting his native land at the endof twenty-five yearsofexile—Iam afraid that amartyr's crown will b^ his final reward; for aman so outspoken and passionate as Bishop Benjamin will find it very hard to adapt himself to the new tactics of the Orthodox Church in the Soviet Uion."

Your Mind and Your Health

Too much attention to one's health can be as bad as too little. Take the question of chewing food. There is no doubt about the importanceof proper mastication. If we bolt our food it means that other parts of the digestive systemhave to trytodo whatour teeth should have done. The resultis usually indigestion. But we need not count the number of times we chew each mouthful. During digestion certain juices are poured on our food and it undergoes chemical changes. We are not aware that this process is going on. The digestive system is outside our con. sciouscontrolandeven seems toresent our bothering about what it is doing. Those ofits who are always wondering what is going on inour"innards" usuaily end up with indigestion.

Scientists have analysed-our food and can tell its the correct amounts of proteins, vitamin, and whatnots that weneed tokeepusingoodhealth.This is very useful for invalidsand growing children. But we hope the(lay is far distant when hotel menus will contain chemical analysis of the various dishes and customers tivill be more conrerned about filling up with requisite amount of calories and carhohydrates than sat-' isfving their appetites.

The importance of vitatr.ins is arecent discovery, but mankind has got alongfairlywellforthe last6,000 years without this knowledge. It is ironic to reflect that with all our present-day knowledge of food values, malnutrition through unsatisfactory diets was hard)• known among previous generations.

The public health authoritiesin London were worried at the beginning of last winter. They feared terrible epidemic of influenza and other infectious diseases. Everything pointed to it. Insufficient rest, shortage of food. overcrowding in shelters and thestrain onthe nervesfromthe constant bomb ing. Actually, there was far less illness than in formeryears when people had elver- comfort. The explanation isbeginningto dawnon the authorities that the people are healthier now because they are eating less and eating morewholesome food. The departure of white bread is ahlessin¢ that„a has brought in its train. Another explanatinn which ik frequently given i-

that now Londoners have real troubles tofill their minds insteadof imaginary tears as in peace time.

Although it is not wise to worry about our health nor take undue care ofit, still we must know when to give in. The man who insists ongoing to theofficeas usual whenhe hasthe'flu shouldbe put ingaol. He issneezing and coughing and scattering microbes over all.the people whoare beside him in thebusand in-,

theoffice. When we have arise in temperature we should go to bed.

Three things are very important for maintaining good health: sleep, food exercise. Duringtheday,variouspoisons accumulate in our system. The ' bodygets ridof them during the night. If we do not get sufficient sleep this purification is not completed and we start the next day badly. Those of us who have burner) the midnight nil' know how leashed-outand irritable loss of sleep leaves its. Eight hours' sleep is the ideal. It is important to have some ventilation in the bedroom. We need plenty of fresh air to provide oxygen. Food should be simple and plain and taken in moderation, with not toomuch meatwhenwehavepassed forty. Light eaters usually live longer, ul• ullliLoinItIll Llsn.nlu.nbIIlanP I'llunl11Uu1

Racing Selections

By "THE HAWK."

WA.T.O. Saturday,April 29, 1946.

Pemberton Handicap: Paramount, 1: Rona,2; St.Male,3, Manjitnup Maiden Handicap: Nevis, 1; Sanea'se, 2; Woodlark, 3.

Picton Handicap 11): Starry Sky, 1; Starry, 2; Rivian, 3.

Picton Handicap: Silver Tail, l; Yoantee, 2; Oreoco, 3

Bridgetown Handicap: Punchinello, 1; Dainty Lace, 2; Bobby Breen, 3. Boyanup Handicap: Sky Warden, 1; Sansea, 2; Tretel, 3.

Dardanup Handicap: Stayer, 1; Piccadilly Lass,2; Frangus,3.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forwork in Western Australia? Make aregular annual contribution to help an indigent student.

CIVIL WAR THREAT HELPED EIRE 70 NEII'TRALITU

(Continued,fru.n Page 13,) abominable tyranny, which justifies it selfasan attempt toend onceandfor all the connection'with England and is prepared for that end to face all risks' To-day, indeed, it sounds fantastic to think of urging Ireland to declare war on Great Britain. but in 1940or1941 if the I.R.A.hadgot their waytheymight haveaddednotably to England's emharrarsrntfents. If Me. deValeraby maintaining neutrality, protected Ireland from grave danger of civil war, he also avoided serious risks which might have been imposed on England in war-time.

An Example for Youth

TRIBUTE TO DAMIEN PARER, AgracefultributetothelateDamien Parer was paid at the closing session of the Catholic Rural Convention by Mr. 13. A. Santamaria. Describing the deceased as Australia's ace camera man, Mr. Santamaria said that he was an outstanding Catholic devoted to duty, and fearless in danger. In him members of the N.C.R.M. and Catholic youth had amodel. He lived in Christ andfor Christ. Hiscareerwas cut short, but he left an example of abeautiful Catholic life. He never retreated, but ever went forward, and his memory was enshrined in the heartsof all whoknew and loved him.

in the Signof the Cross

If anyone is sti1indoubt about the cynicism and bad faith of the Soviet Union, hehasonly to readthenews of the"treaty"signedbetweenRussiaand itspuppet CommitteeofLublin. Stalin, with breath-taking effontery, declared: "I don't doubt that our Allies in the Rest will welcome the treaty." Yet long before Yalta everyone knew that while the Soviet recognised its own Communist creaturein Poland. Britain and America acknowledged the Polish Government in London as the sole legitimate government. This very proper attitudeis, ofcourse,supported by the whole Polish nation, and by the gallant Polish army now fighting in Italy.

At the Crimean Conference it was decided to reconstitute aPolish Provisional Government with the Lublin pushasnucleus,but withthe inclusion of really representative Poles abroad. %at the slightest efforthasbeen made todothistodateandthereisevery indication that the Russian Secret Police willdefeat any suchattempt. He would be abold Pole who would venture into his own country on such an errand, remembering the extraordinary disappearance of the 14 delegates from Londonwhowent, withaguaranteeof immunity, to interview the Secret Pol- ice Chief in Warsaw.

Despite the Yalta agreement, Russia persists in pressing the claims of Lublin for representationatthe San Fran. cisco Conference. And for the first time there is evidence that the hat-inhand-to-Mr:Stalin attitude is giving away in favourofalittlefirmness. For the Soviet request has been twice re. jected by the American Secretary of State. ButwhydoesRussiapress the issue when she knows full well that BritainandAmericacouldnotpossibly recognise aLublin delegate without a completevolte-faceandlossofhonour?

\Vas it not for an identisal reason that Mr. Churchill explained why the London Poles were not invited to Yalta?

however, they are constantly awake to the larger questions of value to which theyare related: theydonotlosesight of the wood in examining the fre. ,

:. Their view of"efficiency" differs radi cally, for instance, from that of the man Vho merely estimates quantities of production, methods of farming, marketing, and the like. The first consideration is the extent to which these things contribute to the'worthy living of the family on the land, and to the happiness and health of the largercommunity of whichthatfamily isalivingcell.

Theaimsofthe individual, the rural community and the national society arerelatedtothe same ultimate spirit• ual. Reality"in Whom we live and move and have our being," and if the plans we devise fail to serve the "end of man" as seen in the light of that Reality, they are patterns of death,notlife,for Australia.

ACommonwealth Commission ofEnquiry is to be held into all aspects of Education—and most thinking citizens of this country will agree that it is high time that something was done upon amatter which has been endlessly talked about for many years. The condition of every branch of instruction is unsatisfactory—not only because of lack of funds, the wrong sortof administration and theunsatisfactory conditions imposed on teaching staffs, but also because no clear principles have been laid down as to the purpose of education—though therehas been plentyof.verbiage from officialquartersatvarious times.There isagreement,ofcourse,aboutthe need of imparting the primary elements to all: and this

is done fairly efficiently. The same is true of the training in skilled crafts given in our technical schools and the purely utilitarian side of university studies.

+ DEATHS +

DIGNAM.—At Yea, Victoria, Catharine, the dearly loved mother and mother-in-law of Margaret \l.-and EdwardJ.Maher„of1Molloy-street, Bunbury; in her 78th. year. R.I.P.

►Ii IN MEMORIAM ►Ii

,OnService.

RAMPIfANT.—Of yourcharity, please pray for the repose of the soul of our dear son and brother, Ft./O. C. A.(Dan) Rampant, R.A.A.F., killed in air operations, Anzac Day, 1944. R.I.P.

—From his sorrowingmother, father, brother and sisters.

ROGUE,—In fond and loving memory ofmydarling sister, Molly,who died on May 1, 1940. R.I.P. Eternal rest grant untoher, OLord, and may perpetual light shine upon her.

Always remembered by her sorrowing sister, Monnie.

MCCLINTOCK.—In loving memory of Yvonne (Girlie), who passed away April27, 1927. You are always in my thought, dear Girlie.'

With grief thatisdeep and true; Only God knows the silent heartache, AsIkneel andprayforyou.

--Inserted by hersorrowing mother.

TOIA (Cpl., R.A.A.F,).—Of your char ity pray for the repose of the soul of John J.. who departed this life on April 26, 1944, dearly loved hus. band ofMarie, and darling daddy'of Anita.

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on his soul. Always ratnembered by his wife and daughter.

TOIA —In lovingmemory ofour dear son and brother, John, who departed this life on-April26, 1944, Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on his soul.

—Inserted by hisloving mother, sis. ters and brothers.

WALSH.—Of your charity, pray for the happy reposeof the souls of the late Inspector J. J. Walsh and Mrs. 11. J. Walsh, whoseanniversariesoccur on April28and29,respectively. Immaculate Heart of Mary, your prayers for them extol.

0,SacredHeartofJesus,have mercy on their souls.

—Inserted byJames,John andMary Walsh.

WANTED.

The device chosen by the Companies of the Cross, the official Catholic Ac. tion movement for rervice men and women.

An American soldier, aFree French Guard, and aGerman prisoner were talking about their respective countries.

"If you standon the topof the EmpireState Building in New York, you canseealloverthecity,"saidtheAmerican.

"From the top of the Eiffel Tower inParisyoucanseeParisand thesuburbs,"answered the Frenchman.

"Thatis nothing." said the German, "all you have to do, tosee the whole ofBerlin,is tostand on achair."

Theproblemsofthemanonthe land inAustralia havebeenthe subjectof a good deal of attention recently, in view of the continual decline of the rural way of life, and the drilt to the cities. It is obvious that decisions about rural policy, arl the settlement of new people in the empty countryside may make all the difference between life and death to this nation: but the troubleis that the true nature of the rural problem is far too little realisel by the men who control our policics. It is not simplyamatter of developing this country's resources efficiently, feeding the cities and pru viding foodstuffs for the export market;itisamatterofpreservinganoble and human way of life, which provides the essential basis for social liberty-, fertility and true national culture.

For this reason thepurely economic approach to rural questions is hopelessly inadequate. They cannot be solved without reference to some kind of philosophy which deals with the endsof humanlifeand thelawsnvhich govern it. It is the possession of clear ideas concerning these things which is the greatstrength of the Catholic Rural Movement, which recentiv held its annual convention in Nfel. bourne. The members of the movementare themkelvesfarmersand country folk; theyareacquainted with the difficulties and needs of the man on the land, and concerned to work out the answers to his concrete practical problems. In considering these things,

It is when we come to the"humani. ties" and tocharacter-training with a view to citizenship, that our system is markedby the ineptitude which ison. avoidable where spiritual truths and values are ignored as"mattersof opinion." Hence the unifving humane element in education is hopelessly defective. We are capable of training lawyers, doctors, engineers, commercial artists,and so forth, but theranks ofmenof true cultureand moral principle—the"civilised men" who are required to make free Australian demo. cracy areality—tend to grow thinner astimegoeson. Unless thisischang• ed, the improvement in educational conditions, equipment and training technique will not avail to save us from becoming arace of trained bar. barians, ripe for totalitarian despotism. Liberty, in fact, cannot exist where no"system of truth" is taught as abasis of self-discipline and social conduct.

That this lack of principle is the fundamental evil is beginning to he understood: the difficulty is to pro. vide ageneral remedy that does not involve the imposition of a "State idealogy" uponall citizens. Our view is that the solution of the problem is only to be found in such aCommon. wealth asoursby theabandonment of asingle State secular system in fay. our of apluralistic system in which the public authority layerdowngeneral conditions for citizen training and grants its assistance to all efficient schools which conform to those conditions. The alternatives of secularist negation or officially sponsored secularist dogmatism are thus both avoid. ed.

Capable Housekeeper (over 45); six gentlemen; good salary. Apply Principal, Christian Brothers' College, Geraldton.

Ranted by apensioner, caretaker of property, near transport: accept pay. ment living quarters. Reply 15, this office.

Board wanted, private family, for IF male student; convenient to University. Reply P. Coleman, 14 Norfolk. street,North Perth,

RETURN THANKS.

Father Langmead desires to express sincere thanks to His Grace Archbishop Prendiville, His Lordship Bishop Gummer, the Right Rev, and Rev. Clergy lespecially Fathers J. Brennan and T. Prendiville, and Dr. Sullivan), the Sisters of Mefey, Coolgardie, West Perth, Leeder-ille, Osborne Park; Sisters of St. John of God, Subiaco Belmont Geraldton; Sisters of the Good Shepherd; Sisters of Sacred Heart, Ilighgate Hill; and theschoolchildren of Osborne Park, Gwelup, and Wanneroo, together with all those kind friends who, by the prayers, good wishes, and gifts made his Silver Jubilee day amost memorable and happy occasion for him.

NEWMAN SOCIETY

The next meeting will be held onr \fay 1inthe Refectory. The speaker will be Dr. McCann, and his subject, "LatestDevelopmentsin ModernMedical Science."

•

His'Grace Blesses Extensions to Albany Convent School

Tributes to Teaching Abilities of Nuns

OnSunday,April15,HisGrace,Archbishop R. Prendiville, D,D., visitedAlbanytoblesstheextensionsto St.Joseph's School. His Grace entered the groundsof the school throughaguard of honour formed by the members of the Holy Name Society. After the ceremonyofblessing the twonewclass rooms,DeanGilroywelcomedHisGrace to Albany expressing his gratitude for thehonourdonetotheparishatatime difficult forhimtoattend. The Dean also read apologies from Mr. Nelson Lemmon,MLH.R„and-theMayor,Hon. C. H. Wittenoont, both of whom were unavoidablyabsent.

Addressingthe representative gathering, His Grace said that this was the first building opened by him since the ClontarfChapelinDecember.1941.This lullinChurch buildingsiwasonlytobe expected,butnowthatthesilverlining ofthedarkcloudsof theearlyyearsof the war had appeared, he hoped that hostilities would soon cease, and that morenormalactivitycouldberesumed.

Atsuch atime it wasonlyfittingto express oursympathy with the people of America on the loss they had sustainedinthedeathoftheirreveredPresident. Libertylovingpeoplethroughout the world would lament the loss and revere the memory of that great ratan.

Theafternoon's ceremonywas arare one now bu because of ^^rat owessity.permissionwasaskedfor,andread.ilygranted by the DepartmentW.O.I., to whom he was grateful. The buildings were splendid and would be, not onlyofinestimable value totheSisters butawonderfuladjuncttothehall. Ile congratulated Mr. Jefferies on the design, and Mr. Tompkins on the great job he had done in the face of grave difficulties.

IsisGrace thanked the Deanand his Church Committee whohad made the arrangementstohavethebuildingcompleted, and who would arrange to pay for it. This would not be difficult. 'the people t.f the parish had always shown asplendidspirit ofco-operation. His Grace proceeded to sav that the crowd had come to show their appreciationof thework clone in the school. The Si<:ers of 1. ph had been in Albanv for67 years and the Departmental Inspectors Annual Report was .:n:plcevidenceof the highstandard ctliciency reached. Some people had an idea that nuns were not abreast of the times educationally. It was unnecessary for hint, with rich an audience,tosavthatthatwasagrossexaggeration. Forthenunwasawoman of ulture, who had made serious studies and was familiar.with modern educationalmethods. Itwouldbeabsurdto Icheye that such devout andconscientiouswomen would simply plav at t rework they had undertaken. If nuns were to throe: off their religious garb and go out into secular embloyment, thei services would he richiy ;i andtheirtalentsrecognised. Butthey snughtnorewardandreceivednoemolumentfromthe State.Thevgave their lives to train young Australians to be. come Christian citizens because they believed that"Christian education was 0thesalvationofthepeople." Thecore of reconstructionwas education, but it was Christian education alone that could save the world from chaos and disintegration. The salvation of the world depended on the Christian outlook,andthemss weredoingaservice to the State as well as to the Church inimparting that outlook. In paying atribute to the work of the nuns in Albany, HisGrace said he was paying atribute to the nuns whoteach in all our schools, training*citizenswho,next to God, loved Australia so well that theywould serve Australiaand die for Australia as so many of their past studentshad been proud to do.

After expressing appreciation of the supportand co-operation givenby Mr. L. L. Hill Mf.L.A,, HisGrace said:"I have much pleasure in declaring these extensionsto St. Joseph'sSchool open, andswish the Sisters continued success in the work they are doing for the Christian education of the youth of Alheny."

Mr. L. L. Hill, M.L.A, recalled that at the opening of the Church a few yearsearlier,hehadsaidthatall Christians stood behind His Holiness in his effortsforpeace. Unfortunately,those efforts had been unsuccessful, but it wasablessingthat, in themidstofdestruction, the Vatican remained unde. stroyed. He added atribute to the work doneby President Roosevelt. Ile al•n supported the words of the Arch. bishop onthe work of the Sisters, and congratulated the people on the new building, which was an asset to the Church and the town.

Mr. E. Tompkins, the contractor, spokeappreciativelyoftheco-operation hehadreceivedfromthearchitect, Mr, R. H. Jefferies, the Dean, andtheSisters.

Mr.

J. Paulreadtheverysatisfactory list of donations. and thanked the donors on behalf of Dean Gilroy and the Church Committee. ' He thanked the Archbishoy for undertaking the long trip to Albany at such a busy time.

Immediately afterwards His Grace gave Benediction in St. Joseph's Church.

ListofDonations.

£10]Os.: HisGraceArchbishop Prendiville, Very Rev, Dean Gilroy.

f55s.: G. Duckett.

£5 each: Father O'Mahoney, W. Schurer, J. McKeown, "Friends."

f3 3s.: A. D. Willett.

!'3: The School Children.

f2 2s each: J. Fitzpatrick, W. Fitzpatrick, Father Casey, Matron Doyle, K Tompkins, N. Lemmon.

£2 each: Mrs. Sweeney, H. Walker, Hon. and Mfrs. Rittenoom, AFriend.

it 10s.: Miss M. O'Neill, £1 bs.: Mr. and Mrs. Gablaish and family.

it 2s,: AFriend.

£1 Is. each: A Friend, F. Handley, T. Stevenson, R. Naylor, F. Lynch, Mrs. Atwell,Mrs.Jefferis, L. L.Hill, 13. Kanzler,J. B. Benson, P.Doyle.

it each: Mfrs.Sharp, E.Baldwin Mrs. Townsend (Narrikup), Miss R. Stokes, i, Friend, Mrs. and J. McGuire, Mrs, Findlay, J. Mlitchell, Mrs. Lloyd (EllekeO, Mrs. Lloyd(Marhelup),Mfrs. and Pat Treen, Friends, Mr, Hughes,"X," J. Williams,

J. Paul, Mrs.C. Scott, Mr. Purtell, J. L. Barker Children of Mary, A, Brazier, Mrs. Norman, W. Harris, A. Langdon, W. Macara, Mrs. G.

B. Wilson, Mrs. Cahill. his.: Mfrs. Carlson.

10s.CH. each: G. Tennant, F. Bannon, Mfrs. O'Rourke.

10>. each: M. Garritty,"Old Times Sake,"J.Gunn, II.Abell,L.Milne Mr. Flynn, Mrs. Rood, Mrs, Byrne and family, Mlic Mf. Benson, Mfrs. Benson, Mfrs. C. Jenkins, Mr. Miadshall, T Gunn, Mr.Carlson Friend,S.McGlade, J. O'Donohue,J. Brown Mrs. Hoskins, 13.Jennings, It. Puls, J.Winter-Halter, Mrs.Angove, Mfrs. Barker,Mrs. Haines, Miss Cawley, Mrs. Auguston, P. Brennan,

), Williams. is. 6d each: Mrs. Crouch, A. and B. O'Keefe.

6s, each: Mfrs. Souter, Mrs.Vaughan. 5s. each- Ml \t, Mrs, Ballard, Mrs. Giblett, Mrs. Nesbitt Miss E. Banhury, \ire. Walsh, Mfrs. Marsh Miss S. Collis, L.Noonan, F. Norman Airs. Nolan. MissNaisbett,MissL. Brown. 4s,: Mfrs. McNeill.

2s. S. each: Mfrs. McMormick, Mr: Begley, Mrs. Petersen, Mrs. Caplin, A Friend.

By "LAURI"

"Content Ilive, this is•my stay; Iseek nomorethan mysuffice; Ipress tobear no haughty sway; Look,whatIlackmy mindsupplies. Lo! thusItriumphlike aking, Content with what my mind doth bring." —Sir E. Dyer.

Among the books received this week are several that have been unobtainable since Christmas. "The Curtain Rises," by Quentin Reynolds (11/6); "GreenDolphinCountry,"byElizabeth Goudge (14/9;"MiddleEastDiary,"by Noel Coward (10/6): "Prowling Through Papua;' by Frank Clune (13/-); and one copy only of H. V. Morton's"InSearch ofIreland"(16/6).

Of interest to teachers should be a new book by Zoe E. McHenry, "Girls' and Boys' Traditional Nursery rhymes:' There are twenty-eight Rhymes with very simply. arranged musicalaccompaniment,and the book, which is nicely illustrated, is priced at 3/-.

Alsoinstock:

"The Journey Home." By Robert Henriques(9/9).

"Bonin." By Robert Standish. "AnApplefortheSergeant." ByAnthony Cottrell(13/3).

"The Forestand the Fort." By HerveyAllen(12/6).

"Bedford Village." By Hervey Allen (12/-).

"Also the Hills." By Frances Parkin. son Keyes (13/-).

"Verdict on India." By Beverley .Nichols(£1Os. 6d.).

"Introdu^ing Australia." by C. Hartley Grattan(12/6).

"Forever England." By Collie Knox (10/6).

"Each New Dawn." By Burton Gra-. ham (3/6).

INTHE LIBRARY,

DAY WITHOUT EVENING. By Ilumfrey Jordon, Six children in Cornwall—four boys and two girls—grow up in a world whose valuesseem to them unchangeable. Two boys go to the service of thesea in merchantships for aliving, the two others to the service of the State as an adjunct to established position. Thegirls marry themenof position. Three wars change the unchangeable values. The two sailors end their long service to adaywhich has no evening, leaving the others to thememoriesof aday thatisdone, GREENMASH. ByJ. Jefferson Farjeon. John Letherton had led asingularly uneventfullife buthe neverceased to have that happy feeling that Adventurewasjustaround thecorner.When one summer morning he set off for a walking tour in North Wales he had the feeling more strongly than ever. Andthistimehewasright. Whenhe sought accommodation for the night atawaysideinncalled theWhiteLion the landlord was so reluctant to give himaroom,andthe other guestswere so sinister, that he at once scented a mystery; and mystery therewas,linked up with asensational double murder. ACrime Club novel.

Hotel and Accommodation Guide

COUNTRY.

DUKEOF YORKHOTEL, NARROGIN. Reconditioned and Refurnished New Lounge,Dining Rooms, and Commercial Roots. ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth).

GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL,

Cnr. HANN,iN & NETHERCOTT STS., KALGOORLIE.

BERTSTARR .... Proprietor.

'Phone13......... Box 124. -

AUSTRALIA HOTEL, KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St. Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooma.

Refrigeration Throughout. Only Lock-Up Garages in the Centreof Town. M.J.DILLON,licensee.

FREEMASONSHOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent Cuisine. Amatice Refrigerator Installed Old and New Friends are Cordially Welcomed, MRS. E. WING, Proprietress.

STAN. O'BRIEN, COURT HOTEL PERTH.

'Phone: B4261.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREIdANTLE, Overlooking the Ocean. SuperiorAccommodation, Moderate Charges.

ry

find these materials delightfully easy to make up and the results will thrill you.

Felt is another exciting medium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It is on sale in Foy's Homecraft Section in many lovely colours . Here is agrand opportunity for you to save money by making your own Christmas gifts this year.

aThe young bride had just taken up hernewlifeonherhusband'sfarm,and she decided to try and make acake. The results were depressing, so she threw thecaketo theducks.

`

Soon after aknock came at the door,andasmallboy stoodthere.

"Excuse me, missus," he said,"your duckshavesunk)"

Themanfishing.fromtheriverbank landedapikeabouttwofeetlong,but threw it back. Later he caught a large trout. This he also threwback.

Fiveminuteslaterhecaughtasmall perchandputitintohisbag. Ashe rose to go, afellow-fisherman asked him why he had thrown twobeautiful fishbackandkeptasmallone.

"Well," he replied,"my frying-pan is only nine incheswidel"

Driving Instructor(at light signal): "Wait for it, wait for it, blockheadI ,As Iwas saying, Colonel. Iwas once aprivate in your regiment."

*

Afavouritestory inLondonisabout alittleoldladywhowaswalkingalong astreet when there came a terrific clap of thunder.

Astheoldladycoweredinfright,an urchin said to her:"Don't be afraid, lady; it ain't'Itler, it'sGod."

Aminister was loud inhis praise of thefatandjuicybirdhiscolouredhost served fordinner, and finally asked: "Where did you getsuch afine goose as that?"

"Pahson," replied his host, "when you preaches agood sermon Ali doan ax you whar you got.it. Ali hopes you'll hab de same consideration for me." * * * *

Theclasswashavingageneralknowledge lesson. The master turned to Jenkins, noted for theeasewith which hewriggledoutoftightcorners.

"Whatisratio?" "Ratio," replied Jenkins,"is proportion."

"But what isproportion?"

"Why, sir, proportionisratio."

"Well, what are ratio and proportion?"

Ican answer only one question at atime, sir;' replied Jenkins, with cold dignity. "

Foreman: "Are you amechanic?"

Applicant for job: "No, aMacGregor."

Customer (hurriedly): "A mousetrap, quickly—Iwantto catch abus"

Assistant:"Ido not think we have one bigenough for that,sirl"

Pat fell from the top of a factory chimney that he and Mike werebuilding, Aswhiteasasheet,Mikerushed down the ladder to the ground. Ilse found Pat sitting up and rubbing his head.

::Are youhurt, Pat?" he asked.

\ot much," replied Pat. "And I had to come down for some more bricks, anywayl''

Water is the hest drink, says adoctor. lispecially if taken in the right spirit.

Acustomer sat-down at atablein a smart restaurant and tied a napkin roundhisneck. Thescandalisedmanager called awaiter and said to him: "Try-

tomakehim understand, as tactfully aspossible, that that's notdone: Said the thoughtful waiter to the customer:"Pardon me, sir. Shave or haircut, sir?"

Aclergyman stayed at ahdel fre. quented by practical jokers. The guests used their artillery ofm•it upon himwithoutelicitingaremark.

Atlastone of themsaid, indespair: "Well, Iwonder at your patience) Have you notheard all that has been said to you?"

H

LE

"Whatdid fathersay when youtold him you were going to take me away fromhim?"

"He seemedtofeel his losskeenlyat first, but Isquared him with agood cigar." • # # #

Thebig-gamehunterwasatadance.

"I killed four lions one day," he boasted tohissufferingpartner, "How wonderful," she replied."Did youtreadonthem?"

Anew vicar was calling on his parishioners, and in one of the houses, that of an old couple, he noticed that Ahe clock on the mantelpiece in the living-roam was telling the correct hour,butthe grandfather clockin the hall had not been altered to double summertime.

Doesn'titconfuseyoutohavethem tellingdifferenttimes?" he asked.

"Well, its like this, sir;" saidtheold man, "Grandfather clock'ave been tellingthetruthfornigh onahundred years and Ican't some'ow find it in my

'earl to make 'im tell lies now. But that clock" he went on,pointing to the mantelpiece timepiece,"thatbe German make, so it -

be all right for 'im.'

"AndifIrefuse to marry you,Cecil, will youreallycommitsuicide?"

"Well, that has been my usual custom."

"You admit then." said the magistrate,"that you stole the pig?"

"Yes,

your worship," replied the defendant. "Well, there has been alotof pigstealinglately,andIamgoingtomake anexample of you, or none of uswill besafe."

Achemistwhohas justtakenovera businessputanotice inhiswindow. It read:"We dispense with accuracy."

A friend, happening to see it, went intotheshopandpointedoutthat the notice might be misunderstood and madefunofbythepublic. Thechemist, realising the unintended meaning, saidhewould alterit, Sometimelaterhisfriendpassedby theshopandsaw the new notice. It read:"We don't dispense with accuracy."

Ile had been trying to attract the attentionofawaitressfor twentyminutes, but at last he got up from his chair and, going to the desk, demand-, ed to see the manageress.

"What for?" asked the girl, "I've got acomplaint;" he replied.

"Complaints," retorted the girl haughtily, "his is acafe, notahog. pital."

* a * *

Three men formed asyndicate and purchased a greyhound. Returning withitfromthetrackonedayafterits sixth unsuccessful attempt to win aor race,theydecidedtogetridofit.

As no one would buy it the first mansuggestedpoison; thesecondman suggested they drown it.

The third man said:"Why wasteall that time? Just start running and we'll leave it."a a r

Ayoung man, after eight years' absenceabroad.alighted athishome station and, despite his expectations, there was no one there to meet him.

Ile then caught sight of the stationmaster, afriend since boyhood,and he was abouttoextend aheartygreeting, when theother spoke first.

"llello, Georgel" he said. "Goin' away?"

Bliley:"Cripes, that bloke Darwin . wasall wrong when he said that it is theapemakes the nearestapproach to man'

Curly:"Why,Blue?" Btuey(makingaviolentswipeinthe air):"'Cause it's the flamin'mosquit up here."

"Oh, yes, but I'm used to it. I'm thechaplainof alunaticasylum." * r * a

"Did you know that Ihave taken upstory.writingas acareer?"

"No; sold anything yet?"

"Yes: mywatch,mysaxophone,and my overcoat." •

Inscriptiononamonumentin France marking the grave of an army mule: "In memoryof Maggie, who in her* time kicked two colonels, four majors, ten captains 24 lieutenants, 42 sergeants. Cr- other ranks, and one Mills bomb."

Dear Cornerites,—Well, I'm waiting to see if my little lecturette of last week has had anyeffecton you all. I do hope it has. Iexpect to see requestsforprickcardsjustpouring into the office by next week.

But perhaps I'd better,stop, or this will developinto anotherlecturette before Iknow where Iam. And I'm really not much good at lecturing, children, even when it's for such a good cause asprick cards.

Perhaps Ihad better wait and -

see before Isay anythingmore, don't you think? I'll try it. anyway. and hope forthebest.

t

AUNT BESSY Grass Valley,

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Here is a little story to gladden your heart: Iwas married to a Catholic outside the Church,andhave twodaughters. We lived outback for some years. When the elder girl,Margaret, was9she askadcouldshe go toMasswiththe little girl next door. She came home with shiningeyes.askingcould shegoagain. .Two Sisters came out to give instructiontothe children andmy girlie lov= ed them at once. Shekept on going, andafewmonthslaterthepriestcame toask ifshemightattendtheBushies' School inNortham the follonving week.

Ihad never spoken toapriest in my lifebefore,butIblessthedayhecame for it hasbroughtmeuntoldblessings. At the end of that week with the Sisters Margaret was baptised, made her first Holy Communion, and was Confirmed. The Sisters remarked that shewasabeautifulchildand absorbed asmuchCatholicdoctrinein thatshort time under instruction as most childrentaughtfrom infancy.

In December, 1943, my younger girl. Lois, whohaswrittento*you,attended the Bushie School at Toodyay. At

LemonadeBottle

herown requestshe went backin February last year as a boarder. Margaret, whohasleftschool,isthereasa helper, also taking one or two extras. They are both very happy and are most highly spoken of by the Sisters as being both good and lovely girls. Ican't tell you how thankful I am, Itoldmybrother,aC.ofE.clergyman, that Ifeel like the Israelites after wandering for 40 years in the wilder• neds--when they came in -sight of the PromisedLandatlast. Onlyinsight. because there are difficulties to be overcome before Ican be received. Meantime, Imust perforce be content with the crumbs which fall from the Master's table. Ihave found theSisters very true friends, one in particular, Sister M. Brigid, of Northam Convent. She assures me that Iam remembered frequently in her prayers and inRetreattokeep on prayingand all willcomerightinGod's goodtime.

There must be hundreds of families influenced and manv brought back to the Faiththrough thiswonderful work youaredoing. ForlongIhavemeant to write and do my bit to help, but, have been overburdened with hard workandworryfor3years past, till I had acomplete physical and nervous breakdown,andnowhave to"goslow" at'57. May God bless you and all yourhelpers.

ANOTHER GRATEFUL BUSH

MOTHER,

Dear Grateful Bush Mother,—Your letter is one of the rewards that the Bushies' Scheme is sometimes given. It shows that the Bushies' Scheme is doing some real, appreciable good for the Bush children, and there must be thousands more who could tell the same story. Thank you, indeed, for yourletter,andalso foryourdonation.

Iam sure that, some'day in the very nearfuture,your prayerswill be finalh• ansAvered, and all will come right. And whatacomfort you have in your daughters!, It is amatter of great satisfaction to me that the Bushies' Scheme has been partly responsibl8 for suchgreatgood,and Iam surethe Sisters who first planted the seed, are happy indeed to see the fruit. May youfind whatyou desire!

AUNT BESSY. • ,w r

STANDING CARDBOARD PICTURES

No. 11451—TWO-TONED COLOURED PICTURES. 25 Subjects, comprising:—Sacred Heart, Our Lady, Immaculate Conception, Our Lady of Lourdes, Our Lady and Child, Divine Infant, Our Lord Blessing Children, Holy Family, Guardian Angel,St.Joseph,St.Anthony,Little Flower, Communion, Christmas, etc. Size Sin. x31in. 9d.each; S/3 dozen.

No. 11452—COLOURED PICTURES:

In full colours, various subjects, including: Sacred Heart, Imbaculate Heart, Pleading Heart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena.

Size

51 xVin. I/-each; ll/- dozen.

No. 11453—COLOURED PICTURES:

In fall colours. Varioussubjects.including: Sacred Heart, Immaculate Heart,PleadingHeart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St, Philomena, St, Peter, St. Paul, St. Anne.

Size91

iin.xo. 2/-each; 22/-dozen.

No. 11454—BLACKANDWHITE PIG

TURE OF TILE LITTLE FLOWER. Size0n.x31in. 9d.each; 8/3dozen.

MEDALS.

Made of Best Quality Hard Metal. Communion. Confirmation. SacredHeartSodality.Holy Angels. Miraculous,St, Christopher,Scapular.

776 HAY STREET, PERTH (Opp. Foy and Gibson), ar,msMa•win■wmrnnmm••m ,

unmuuwrnnnwn-

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Plcase find enclosed 10s., in hbnour of the Sacred Heart, Our Blessed Lady, and St.Jos• eplt. A PARISHIONER OF QUEEN's PARK.

Dear Parishioner,—Once again Iau: in your debt. Ithink your kindness to the Bushies would makeme always thus, but.Ihope that you may be re• wardedby the answer to yourprayers —and ours!

AUNT BESSY.

S6 Kalgourlie-street, Mt. Hawthorn.

Dear Aunt liessy,—I am returning the prick card with apostal note for 2/8. Willyou pleasesendmeanother card? Iamfirst year sub-junior, and wehavestartednew ~cork. Geometry, Latin, and Poetry are n:y hest subjects.

JOSEPH SUTHERLAND.

Dear Joseph,—Ihaven't heard from you for along while, so I am quite pleased to see your welcome writing ,again. Thanks, Joe, for filling the r

card. I'll post you another straight away. How do you like your new workat school? Poetry usedto be a goodsubjectof mine, but Iwas never any good at Geometry.

AUNT BESSY.

Coolgardie-street, Mundaring.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Just alittle gift for the Bushies' Scheme. Please offer upalittle prayerforme,as Iamvery ill. As Icannot see iwhat I write. please excuse me.—Yours truly, MRS. E. REDDY.

Dear Mrs. Reddy,—Thank you ever somuch forthe5s. Iam gratefulindeed. Ido hope you became better soon. Iwill ask the Bushies topray foryourrecovery.

AUNT BESSY.

"Avon'down" HighSchool,Toodyay.

DearAunt Bessy,—I hope you are well. On Saturday all the boarders went to the pictures and they were verynice. Rev.Motherislovelyhere, and she let all the boarders have a lovely big picnic out here at Loyd's Pool, There was swimming and a lovely bigafternoon tea. The Sisters are verynicehere. Iamelevenyear's old, and my name is Lois Ryan. I live at Grass Valley, ten miles from Northam. Iboard at the Convent, and my sister,Margaret, works here. OnSunday nightwehadalovely conceit. Iam anew member of yours. Willyoupleasesendmeaprickcardto fillin? Iamsendingyou2/6for the Bushies. Ihope you had a happy Easter. Ilearn thepiano here,and I like it—Your loving friend, LOIS RYAN.

Dear Lois,—My word s

you do seem to be having alovely time at"Avondown." Youarealuckylittlegirlto beabletogotosuchaniceschool. U have heard alotofvery good reports about Toodyay). Iam very pleased towelcomeyoutotheBushies'Corner. WillIputMargaret'snamedowntoo? Iwill postyoutheprickcard straight away. Writetomeagainsoon won't you? AUNT BESSY:

ItCostsNoMoretohaveyour Prescriptions Accurately Dispensed.

ROBERT W.DALBY,M.P.S. Of 130 Oxford Street,Leederville, carries afull supply of all Accredited

B6224 and receive REAL Service.

CHINA, GLASSand PLATED WARE IMPORTERS.

OTLEY PLACE,Off MURRAY

STREET (Rear Savoy Hotel)

Convents, Colleges, Institutions and Schools Specially Catered lot.

Price Lists and Catalogue on Application. Phone B9851.

Kelly &Rodoreda

Late of 1OHN DYNON 6CO.

Salute the Brave

Irish War Distinctions

BrigadierBryanJohn Fowler, M.C., Royal Regiment of Artillery,' was awarded the Distinguished Service Order.

Brigadier Fowler has carried out the duties of aCommander of Royal Artillery with great distinction from April 28, 1942, to date.

Throughout the whole period he has been indefatigable in improving the standard ofgunnery in the division.

He has had countless difficulties to contend with but with dogged perseverance and acomplete disregard of fatigue he has invariably surmounted each crisis with marked ability.

During every operation, in the Knightsbridge area in May and June, onthe RuweisatridgeinJulyandAugust, at Alamein in October and November and beyond, with acomplete disregardofhispersonalsafetyandfrequentlyunderheavyfire,hecontinuaity visited the most forward observation posts,givingadviceandencouragement toyoung ForwardObservation Officers. His devotion to duty, his determination to allow nothing to stand in the way of maximum efficiency, his invari. able habit of doing "that something extra which counts," andabove all his courageinaction,havealwaysbeen inspiring, and anencouragement tothose underhiscommandand toallwhosaw him, Brigadier Fowler was born in Kells, Co.Meath,andhishome isinNavan.

Major (temporary Lieutenant4olcnel)IanHenryGoodwasawardedthe DistinguishedServiceOrder.

During asilent attack on Bottacetto line on the night of July 17th.-18th., 1943 Lieutenant-Colonel Good's battalion ,

initsfirstengagement,cameunder extremely heavy enfilade fire from a largenumberofautomaticweaponsand from mortars and artillery. Bitter fighting developed and it was extremely difficult todiscover the exact situation of the leading companies.

With acomplete desregard of danger, Lieutenant-Colonel Good went forward oververyopenandbullet-sweptground, discovered the exact situation, and reported it. Later, during the early hours of July 18th. when ordered to withdraw his battalion and take up a defensive position some 400 yards in rear, he extricated his companies with great skill, despite the fact that they were disorganised, due to heavy and confused fighting,and there beingonly ashort period of darkness left. Due to this otficcr'suntiring efforts thebattalion had reorganised, was digging in on the new position by daylight, and was ready and eager to continue the fight, despite its heavy losses. Later at Gravina di Catania his battalion, whichwasadvancingthroughverydiffi. cult and close country, was held up by skilfully concealed machine-guns and mortars: once again LieutenantColonel Good went forward, at avery

CatholicTeachers' Guild

It has been'decided to continue the study groups at the Monday evening meetings. Members are reminded that theGuildmeetson the fourth Monday ofeachmonthat8

Ip.m., andthesecond Saturday of each month at 10.30 a.m.

On Monday, April 16, the Guild en. tertained Senator Tangney ataninformal afternoon tea.

We are still anxious to secure more volunteers for hospital visitation,

HIGHGATE HILL

Agrandsocial anddancewillbeheld on Friday. May 4, in the Parish Hall, Ilighgate, at 8p.m., for the Sacred Heart Primary School. Special feature of the evening will be an exhibition of modern dancing by a popular dancing teacher. Kath. Condern's 3piece dance band will be in attendance, and there will be items by local artists and also cards for non-dancers. Roll up and enjoy agrand evening's entertainment for young and old.

considerable risk to his leading companies, with the result that they were able to hold their gains and harass the enemy, who withdrew again duringthe night.

LieutettantColonelGood has been an inspiration to all. His courage,sound decisions and imperturbability under fire havebeenasplendidexample.This is reflected in the fighting spirit ofhis battalion, which is unimpaired despite heavy casualties and greatphysicalex. ertion. Lieutenant-Colonel Good has shownoutstandingpowersofleadership and bravery of avery high order.

Lieutenant-ColonelGood wasborn in Dublin.

Major (temporary Lieutenant4olonel) AnthonyDesmondRexWingfield,M.C. RoyalArmoured Corps, was awarded the DistinguishedService Order.

On March 26, 1913, his regiment was detailed to protect the echelons and cover the rear ofanArmouredBrigade during its advance on El Hamma during the night26th.-27th.

Lieutenant-ColonelWingfield,asnight fell, found the echelons held up by a defile with the enemy on his rightand left. He deployed his force in pitch darknesstoprotecttheechelonandsueceededingetting thewhole ofhisforce through thedefilewithoutloss. When the advancecontinued atmidnightthe echelons came under fire from the flanks from enemy who had been left behind during the advance. Lieuten. ant-Colonel Wingfield handled his force in such amanner that no casualties were incurred and alarge number of prisoners werecollected.

At first light atank attack by the 15th Panzer Divisionstarted todevelop againsttherearof the division. Lieutenant-Coloned Wingfield immediately moved his regiment at high speed t ,

frustrate this attack. Ile went ahead himself under fire to reconnoitre positions for his squadrons before they ar• rived. The speed with which thisoperation was carried out prevented any serious attack developing, and gave timefor the divisional anti-tank screen togetintoposition. The enemytanks withdrew hastily as soon as the regiment arrived.-

Lieutenant-Colonel Wingfield'sexampleofdeterminationand courageunder fireinverytryingcircumstanceswasan example to everyone who came into contact with him, and it was mainly duetohimthattheechelonsweremov. edsuccessfullythroughthe enemyposi• tions during thehours of darknessand that therearof the divisionwassaved from enemy tank attack atfirstlight.

Lieutenant-Colonel Wingfield was borninDublin.