The Record Newspaper 18 April 1945

111 NUMBERING INCORRECT DATE PAGE(S) ISSUE , VOLUME

•J.

olders

jmulti• r, oil preand built, sand so, eneral rown nfell You over adlists tto the yroporand per in Po.people ranee n a ;:whose itions epro °`. were fight ously dings •cient, giene nthe first ubercreaand Eu,fought lkinds ,

during tthe •'6 " .vanede"prop,• {ions of Insur• lsllight-

Socialists had already approached theSoviet Government, proposing thewithdrawalofboth PolishandRed troopsfrom thisarea, inordertoallow thepopulationtodecideontheirduture by aplebiscite. The Soviet Government, however, did not accept the offer.

n nessor ra u a e rsonIlylookedupon theline asthe"legitiate frontier" of Poland: but in Cur• .onscommunication—from which its regent-day name is derived—it was pecifically declared that all that was roposed was a "temporary demarca ion;" The final frontier was to he letermined later.

Poland and Lithuania. The newspaper correspondents who hatter about "returning to Russia ands lost by Polish aggresson," are alking through their hats. Most of

propaganda myth, as constituting an enormousproportion ofthe areaofPoland in 1939. Actually,anareaalmost equal to Relginm hadbeendistributed• so as to enlarge 500.000small farms alreadyexisting,andprovideover150.000 new ones of adequate size. In 1939 only 10.2 per cent. of the local cultivable land belonged to large and medium•sized estates(over 125 acres)— and thepercentagewasnot larger,but less, in the eastern provinces. (For contrast, the Ferman large-estate figure is 30 per cent—while England has

'Which pride ted beautified, and great bousing -

schemes developed; Warsaw, now destroyed, was amongthenoblestcitiesofthecivilised world. Above all, here, is the new creation of Gdynia—transferred from a fishing village, in adew years, to one of Europe's great ports: with the beginningofaPolish navyandmerchant marine. Polish scientists and doctors held a high place in European scholarship: Polish sportsmen figured brilliantly in international competition,

(Continued on luck Cover.)

...q?oland's;Cudirrous

Curzon Line Will Make a Reconciliation Impossible Lies About Polish Aggression and Inept Government

—Enlightened Land Distribution, Education and Social Legislation

By D. G. 11.JACKSON, M.A.,"Sulla," of the "Ifelbourne Advocate."

Since the betrayalof Poland at the laitaConference,writersinthedaily papers, from thinly disguised Communists torighteous Protestant clergymen, inspired by the principle that "Russiais alwaysright,"havesprung tothe defence of injustice with argumentsthatareeithertravestiesofhistory or calumnies against an heroic people. In this article this conspriacy of lies is analysed and answered byMr.D, G.M.Jackson.

The "CurzonLine."

Itmustbeemphasisedthatthe"CurZ011 Line" has no justification either ethnic or historical; while to call it a "frontier of peace" is simply ludicrous. !'as the Frankfort frontier of 1871, which gave Alsace-Lorraine to the Reich,it"frontierofpeace"? Likethat frontier, this one is afrontier of force, which will make real reconciliation between Russia and Poland impossible while it ismaintained. That Stalinis well aware of this is shown by the fact that he recognises that the whole of Poland must be brought under a virtual Red protectorate in order to make his"dictate" secure; hence the Lublin "junta." and the Russian refusalto recognise thetruenational Polish Government. The unrealism of those who present themselves as"realists" wasnevermore manifest,Ithink, thanin their determined blindnesstoa truth which simply stares one in the face.

Lenin's Government.

Let's get this"Curzon Line" business straight once forall. In August, 1918 Lenin's Government in the U.S.S.R. simply annulled all the partition treaties: which decision—had it been carried out—would have meant the restoration of the Polish boundary of 1772, farcastofthe Riga border. The Poles, however were too wise to seek the incorporation of this huge area, much of which had been completely Russianised in it century and a half. In 1919 Pilsudki announced a "Temporary Administration" of East Polish districts of mixed population. The Polish Socialists had already approached theSoviet Government, proposing the withdrawalofboth Polishand Red troopsfrom thisarea, inordertoallow thepopulationtodecide ontheirfuture by aplebiscite. The Soviet Government, however, did not accept the offer.

After this,in December, 1919, the Allied Supreme Council recognised the right of the Polish Government to organise"aregular administration of the territories of the former Russian Empire" over an area westoftheline now known as the "Curzon Line." Iwant you to notice, first, that this line was notdrawn through theformerAustrian territory of Galicia at all, so that the possessionofLwow was notdecidedby it. The line now drawn through Galicia—which gives Lwow to the Soviet Union—is that fixed upon by the Ilitler-Stalin agreement of 1939.

"Temporary Demarcation."

Secondly, in the drawing of this interim boundary, the Council's declaration specifically reserved "the rights that Poland may be able to establish over the territories situated to the East of the said line" Therefore, General Smuts' representation of Pilsudskisacquisitions in East Poland as being "seized" in defiance of the decision of the Powers at Versailles is a falsification of the facts tobuttress an indefensible case.

But let'sgo onto thefurtherhistory of the "Curzon Line" in 1920 it was again proposed, by LordCurzon, as an "Armistice line" when the Russo-Polish was was,raging, and theRed Armyadvancing. Lloyd George, at that time, told Professor Grabski that he person_ ally looked upon thelineasthe"legitimate frontier" of Poland; but in Curzon'scommunication—from which its pre'=ent=day name is derived—it was specifically declared that all that was proposed was a "temporary demaren tion," The final frontier was to he determined later.

Poland and Lithuania.

The newspaper correspondents who chatter about "returning to Russia lands lost by Polish aggre'sson," are talking through their hats. Most of

thislandcame to Polandfromapeaceful dynastic association with the Lithuanian Duchy, which was formed whenthemodern Russianstatedidnot exiii; at all, and the Grand Dukes of Moscow were dependants of the Mongol Khan of the Golden Horde. Finally, itcannot be toooften emphasised that the Riga boundary was not a'dictate imposed by the violence of Pilsudski. It iw'as signed at the end of the struggle which had shown that neither power could break the other, the PolishadvanceandtheRussianadvancehavingbeencheckedandthrown back in turn. Thefrontieragreed upon actually involved the retrocession to Russia of it large territory east of the Riga line—including thecity of Minsk —which the SovietCouncil of Peoples Commissars had been ready to recognise as Polish in January, 1920. This enabled the SovietGovernment to present the result of the war officially as it Red success; while many Polescomplained that their own delegation had "let them down" by overhastiness, sinceafew more weeksofcampaigning would haveenabled them towinmuch more. Riga left amillion and ahalf Poles Still tinder Soviet rule—though the harshmeasures ofthe Redauthoritiesreducedthemin 1Syears to626,000.

"Poland'sProgress."

There are those who try to tell us that the Polish Government, 1920-1939, was hopelessly reactionary and inept, and kept the people deliberately in ig. norance and misery.

Actually,the progressof Poland during these years—now alas! trampled into bloody ashes—is one of the most remarkable instances of national zeal triumphing over tremendous obstacles in the history of our time.The trouble is that it has not enjoyed the advantage of having an international movement to"boost" it, like that of ourSovietally.

The Land,

Now let us look at what was done.

First of all, in agriculture, the needs of the peasants were provided for, by the development of co-operative methods and improved production, and a series of enactments breaking uplarge estates. These are presented, in the propaganda myth, as constituting an enormousproportion of the areaofPolandin1939. Actually,anareaalmost equal toBelgium hadbeendistributed, So as toenlarge 500.000small farms alreadyexisting,and provideover150.000 new onesof adequate size. In 1939 only 162 per cent. of the local cultivable land belonged to large and medium-sized estates(over 125 acres)— and thepercentagewasnot larger,but less, in the eastern provinces. (For contrast, the German large-estate figure is 30 per cent—while England has

hardly any small yeoman landholders atall).

Industry was developed in amultitude of branches—electric power, oil and sugar refining, wood, timber, preserved meat, textiles chemicals and paper—agreat steel foundry wasbuilt, with worksformakingarmamentsand agricultural implements. Even so, the ratio ofindustrialist tothe general populationwassmall,butithadgrown and was still growing, when ruin fell on Poland.

Education.

Aword,now, abouteducation. You all know how the Soviet"victory over illiteracy"has been belauded by "advanced thinkers" and educationalists here. Well, in 1934—according to the "YearBook of Education," the proportion of children between seven and fourteen going to school, was 72 per cent.inRussia—and90percent.in Polant. This poor nation, whose people hadbeendeliberatelykeptinignorance under Czarist rule, had overtaken a number of Western countries whose independence and cultural traditions hadneverbeeninterrupted.Alargeproportion of her university studentswere from peasant families; while the fight against adult illiteracy was vigorously carried on. The new school buildings and methodswere thoroughly efficient, and physical training and hygiene were objects of especial care. In the field of general public health, the first problem after thelastwar, was tuberodv;is, which wascheckedbythe creation of up-to-date institutions, and sanatoriums second to none in Europe. For the rest, the battle fought against vast epidemics of many kinds was fought and won in Poland during the early post-war years, so that the scourgewasaverted from thewest. Social Legislation.

Polish social legislation was advanced—here, too, delusions have been deliberately fostered by hostile propaganda. Labourdisputes,conditions of work, social and unemployment insurance were all the subject of enlightened attention—with results to which Polish Labour could point with pride inthelastyearoffreedom. Neglected towns had been re-planned and beautified, and great housing Schemes developed: Warsaw, now destroyed, was amongthenoblestcitiesofthecivilised world. Above all, here, is the new creation ofGdynia—transferred from a tishing village, in afew years, to one of Europe's great ports: with the beginningofaPolish navyandmerchant marine.

Polish scientists and doctors held a high place in European scholarship: Polish sportsmen figured brilliantly in international competition,

(Continued on BackCover.)

By Rev.E. Sullivan, D.D,,D.Ph.

(the Evidence oj

the Empty Tomb and the Apparitions

*Arbitrary Applications of Prophecy

When Our Lord Rebuked St. Peter

The Resurrection of Christ from the

Dead is the great proof of His Divin. ity and of the Divine Origin of His teaching; indeed the truth of the Re. surrection is the corner-stone of the House of Faith. Last Sun

day even

ing Isketched the broadoutline of the proof of the Resurrection as found in the Gospels.

Butsincemanypeopledenyordo u

heard;"but Peter, risingup,ran to the Sepulchre; an

dstooping down, he saw the linen cloths laid by themselves and went away wondering in himself at that which was come to pass."

tion? Were these apparitions mere visions born of the hopes and desires of the disciples?

To find the answer to these ques. tions we must studv the evidence. We st consider carefully the nature of the Apparitions and also the mental. ity of the disciples.'Of which in next Sunday's ,cession.

J. A. Buckingham,Perth:

with "Thou art Peter." But verse 21 tells us that "From that time" Jesus began to speak to His apostles about His Passion and Death. It is reason. able to infer that the second dialogue between Christ and Peter took place some time after the first and that, therefore, the contrastis not as abrupt as you assumeittobe

.

Then if we consider carefully the terms of Our Lord's rebuke, we can uncover its true meaning.

bt the truth of the Resurrecti on

,Ipro

pose this evening to fill in some of the details of that outline.

1.TheEmptyTomb.

We read in Mark XVI., 1$:

"And when the Sabbath .was past, Mary Magdalen and Mary the Mother of Jesus and Salome brought sweet spice' s, that coming they might anoint Jesus.

And very early in the morning, the first day ofthe week, they came ,

to the Sepulchre, the sun being now risen.

And they saidone toanother: Who shall roll us back the stone from the doorof theSepulchre?

"And looking they saw the stone rolled back. For it was very great.

"And enterang into the Sepulchre they saw ayoung man sitting on the right side clothed with awhite robe; and they were astonished. Who saith to them: Be not affrighted: you seek Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified: He is risen, IIe is not here. behold the place,where they laid Him."

From this account it is clear that these women expected to find asealed tomband the(lead body ofChrist. Instead of which they found an empty tomb.

Iwish tostress this pointfirstof all: the bodyof Christ wasno longerin the tomb. All the Evangelists

make explicit mention of this. and it was, at first the only thing that impressed itself on the minds „fthe women and the apostles. The women told the apostles what the; had seen and

(Luke XXIV., 12.) And according to St. John, after Peter and himself had visited the tomb, they "departed agai n to their home"; "for as yet they knew not the Scripture that lie must rise again from the dead." (John XX., 9.-

The first thing, then, to note is the empty tomb. What had become of the Body of Christ? The Gospels again give us the answer: Christ, as lie had foret o

ld, was r

isen

from the dead.

2. The Words of the Angels.

This answer was given to the holy women by an angel. This is recount. ed in the passage already quo

te

dfrom Dlark: "You seek Jesus of Nazareth %:ho was crucified: He is risen. He is .not here, behold the place where they laid Him. But go, tell His disciples and Peter, that He goeth before you into Galilee; there you shall see Him, as He told you." (Park XVI., 6-7).

3:The Apparitions ofChrist.

it be impugned as afabrication, as evidence deliberately manufactured to support the thenry of aResurrection, as an exnlanation of the empty tomb? ... Can it be dismissed as the fruit of imaging. TE'..EPHONE: B3511. LAUBMAN & PANK (W.A.) LIMITED MARTIN P. RYAN,OPTOMETRIST, has now joined the Directorate of Laubman andPank(W.A.),Ltd.

Q.: ReJohnXIV.,8. Do you believe Jesus meant He would come to each person as He departed this life, or fr

did He mean when H e

comes om His Church,described by some as the Rapture?

A.: In His'discourse to the apostles after the Last Supper, Our Lord had bidden them not he troubled in heart and had spoken of the very mansions in Iris Father's house: then He spoke the words to which your question re. fers:"And if Ishall go, and prepare a place for you: Iwill come again, and will take You to myself, that where I am, you may also be."(John XIV., 3.) Christ's purpose was to comfort and console His apostles and, in these words, we see two motves of consolation:

I. Tie would prepare a place for them in His Father's House, i.e. in Heaven.

2. Ile would come again and take them to Himself.

Among Catholic• commentators there is adifference of•opinion about the precise meaning of this second pro. mise; someunderstanditofHiscoming to each at the hour of death; some of Hiscoming to the.%poctles, and all the faithful at the General Judgment; other again of His coming at both these times. In any case the general sense of the words remains the same: hot it would seem that the second in. terpretation is most in accordance with the me•!ning of other Scriptural texts on the same subject.

Q.: Do you believe that,in Chap. 38 of the prophecy of Ezekiel Comer means Germanyand Cog Russia, and that some daythese two peopleswill attack the Jews in Palestine with Tarshish and the young lions against them,when Jesus will appear on the Mount of Olives and defend His brethren,the Jews, and set up His kingdom on earth?

A.: Whatever the meaning of the propheev of Ezekiel, Tthink that all this business of

;applied prophecy isarbitrary and gratuitous.

Note: Your third question, suggesting amethod of crude experiment to prove or disprove the Real Presence in the Eucharist, does not merit an answer. The suggestion is either a taunt oradisplav of ignorance; atthe 1',est, it is acrude wise-crack. at the worst tinged with blasphemy.

Enquirer,Inglewood:

Q.: After Christ had said to Peter, "Thou art Peter,anduponthis Rock Iwill build My Church,etc."(Matt. XVI., is,19) He turned to Peter andsaid,"Gettheebehindme,Satan, thou are an offence unto Me, for thousavourestnot thethingsthatbe of God,but those that be of men." (v.23.)

A.: In the firstplace you take it for granted that these latter words were spoken on the same occasion and im• rmediately after the words beginning

1."Get thee behind Me" was inter• preted by many of the ancient Fathers as meaning: Follow in

Aly footsteps, even if they lead to suffering and death instead of trying

to

i n

ter

fere with God's plan. However.it ismore generally interpreted in the more ob. vious sense, the sense that is given in the English translation which you quote, i.e.: Go away, get out of my sight. Even then it is clear from the context that Christ did not mean to . banish Peter from His company; the wordsmust beunderstood as meaning: donottry to turnMe(fromthe path of fly Divine destiny.

2."Satan." This word in Hebrew means an adversary, one who opposes. Peter wassocalledbecause he was try ng to oppose Christ's Passion and Death.

Finally, it is true that many, includ. ingCalvin, have argued from this text against Peter's position as Head of Christ's Church. They hold that, si n

ce, in this passage, Christ calls Peter Satan, Ile could not, elsewhere. have callers him the Rock on which His Church was to be built. Butone thing is worth remembering: whateverabout the meaningofthe referenceto aRock, Christ did praise Peter for his confession of faith. "Blessed art thou, Simon Bar Jona: because flesh and blood have not revealed it to thee,but My Father, Who is in Heave n

." W. 17.( Thin Christ's subseq u

en

tre

bu

ke could not detract from the value of IIis words: "Thou art Peter, etc.," no matter what interpretation of them is advanced. Our Lord praised Peteron the first occasion

because he spoke words inspired not by "flesh and blood," but by heavenly wisdom. On the latter occasion Christ. rebuked Peter for speaking words which, al- r though they showed love for His Mas. ter and zeal for Ibis honour were inspired by human wisdom. * "Because thou savourest not the things that are of God, but the things that are of men." (V. 23.)

Therefore it cannot he argued, from this text, that Christ could not have meant Peter when Ile spoke of the Rock on which Ile would build His . Church.

Q.: Canyoutellmeofanyplaceinthe Biblethatsays thereisaplacecalled Purgatory?

A.: i

his question has been answered often before; you can have acopy of adetailed answer if you want it.

Just nowImustcontent myself with sayng that there is no mention in the Bible of the name Purgatory, nor any explicit reference to such aplace. Ca. tholic theology holds that the exist. ence of Purgatory can beinferred from Biblical references; however, thedirect proof of the existence of Purgatory is to be found in the seco n

d source of Divine Revelation,Catholic Tradition.

Victorian Girl, Murrumbeene:

Q.: Iread with pleasure "The Re. cord," answering my problems and it has shown me things in a more

Canards About Convents on Second-hand Reports

•Building Married Life on a Compromise

Derivation of the Names "Christ" and "Christian" Was Christianity

By Mithraism?

clear way as regards your Church's teaching concerning marriage.

A.: Iamgladthatyougot'somehelp from the answer to your previous letter; but sorry that you have spoilt the good effect by puttingsomeof the questions asked inthisletter.

Q. But nowwould you DARE to answer my following questions, as I knowyou Catholicsarehurtonthese things.

A.: You quote something unseemly that is supposed to have been seen at aConvent. You know it for afact because the information was obtained from atradesman workingat the Convent. The usual old canard. Thisis oneof the stock stories about scandals inconvents. Thereisalwaysatradesman who sees for himself and tells somebody else, who tells somebody else. And the story can always be proved true because the said tradesman isstill about somewhere. Really you should have more sense.

The same goes for your childish remarks about priests and money and luxury. You are listening to silly stories instead oftakingthe troubleto observe things for yourself. And even if some particular priest were given to too much sport or smart clothes, what has that to do with the truth of religion?

Q.: You say that your Church does not interfere withpeople'shappiness.

Well, why does it not allow people toget married,inthewaytheyhave promised,and havebothparties contented and also the parents?

A.: Now you are returning to a question asked in your previous letter. Isaid then, and Isay again, that the Church counts earthly happiness dearly bought which is bought at the ex. pense of eternal happiness; but that what the Church asks for in Catholic marriage is an aid to human happiness. if properly understood :

Obviously in your own case the religious issue is of vital importance and yet, you would try to build a happy married life on acompromise.

Q.: How can you prove that the Pope cannot do wrong when teaching Church doctrine? Is he not human like everybody else, and is it not possible tomakeatleastone mistake inone'slife?

A.: I would despair of tryng to prove the Pope's Infallibility as under• stood by vou.- Whenwe say that the Pope is Infallible, we mean that he cannot err when as Supreme Pastorhe defines amatter of faith or morals to be held by the whole Church: he is saved from error by Divine protection. Objections may, of course,be raised to thisdoctrine; Irut tosay thatthe Pope is human likeeverybodyelse and that, beinghuman, he canmake mistakes, is not to raise an objection worthy of consideration. The doctrine of infallihility is proved by arguments of an altogether different nature.

ASeeker,South Perth:

Q.: On several occasions Ihave heard yousaythatJesusfoundedtheChristianChurch. HowcanJesus,aJew, form achurch with aGreek name? The name Christisderivedfrom the teaching of theoldPersianmediator Mitbra.

A.:Inyourletter,aswillappearfrom your other questions,you claim that Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Neaten. Stocks of Paints,Varnish,Calcomins. Hassen'sstores,Perth,.. BM.

Affected

Christianity was born in thethird century, under the Emperor Constantine, when the teaching of Jesus was combined with the forms and ceremonies of Mithraism. That claim Ishall discuss later on; just now let us consider your difficulty, concerning the terms "Christ" and "Christian."

1. The title Christ: St. John the Apostle applies this title to Jesus. Ile tells how Andrew, havingmetJesus wenttofindhisbrother Simon, and said to him: "We havefoundthe Messias,which is,being interpreted, the Christ."(John 1, 41).

The Gospel of St. John was writtenin Greek; and it is clear that, in this verse, John is concerned with giving aGreek translation of the Hebrew title"nlessias." The word "Messias" means "anointed;" and for centuries the Jews had referred to their promised deliverer as "the anointed one." .Thisisnotsurprisingsince,in the Old Law, kings, priests and prophets were anointedfor theirrespectiveofficesand the Messias was to combine this threefold dignity in His person. Thus the term Messias was atitle, not aproper name, and so the Evangelists used it.

In the Gospels the word "Christ" was nearly always preceded by the article "the Christ." Gradually after the Resurrection the term passed into aproper name and hence the designation, Jesus Christ.

Therefore, whatevertheoriginof the Greek word equivalent to Christ—this title was used by the Early Church as anequivalent to theHebrew "Messias ,

" and in reference to the Messianic A[ission of Jesus,

2. The name Christian:

After the first persecution of the follotrers of Jesus in Jerusalem many of them went among other places, to Antioch; some of them who were men of Cyprus and Cyrene, "when they were entered into Antioch, spoke also to the Greeks, preaching the Lord Jesus." A great.lumber were converted. And Barnabas was sent to lntiuch from theChurch of Jerusalem. Ile associated with himself Saul of Tarsus; "and they conversed there in the Church awhole year: and they taught in great multitude, so that in Antioch the disciples were first named Christians."(Act I1, 19 s). So that the name "Christian' arose among llellinists—and therefore Greek-speaking—converts inAntioch,for whom the "Messias" was "the Christ." Surely a farcall from %lithraism inRomein the third century.

Q.: The word Christ is.derived from the teachingofthe oldPersianMediator, Mithra,who elaborated on the teaching of the Hindoo Chrisna Jezeus, who was supposed to have been born of avirgin in Hindustan, centuries before Jesus was on earth.

A.: Thisis high-sounding. Actually it is pseudo-scientfic jargon; it is also. outmoded. Once upon atime it was the fashion toderive asmuchofChristianity as possible from Mithraism— Ernest Renan hadsaid that had Christianity failed, Mithraism might have been the World Religion—but to put forward such statements now-a-days is to retail antiquated opinions, which have long ago been rejected by serious students. An authority like Cumont --authorof"Textsand'MonumentsRe• lative to the Mysteriesof Mithra,"and an acknowledged authority—will not allow that Mithraism affected Christianity in any way except possibly in afew Art formulas. You may say that the opinion ofone authority does

not close the door on discussion of this pointinthestudy of Comparative Religion. Perhapsso. Butatleastit shows how far removed your state. ment is from athesis proved scienti. fically.

Youspeakofthe"old Persian Mediator Mithra" as if he were aperson in some way comparable to Jesus. But Mithra was not an historical person, andnooneever thought thathe was; he wasamythical god, one of the old Persian divinities. Tritly enough the name "Dlitra" appears in the Veda, showing one proof of aconnection between the Ancient Persianand Hindu religions; but to say that Mithra ela. borated on the teaching of Krisna is to make astatement entirely avithout foundation. It is amisuse of terms. Itdoesnot make sense.

You say that Krisna was supposed tohavebeenborn of aVirgin(atleast this time we are admittedly in theregion of Mythology). This, like all assertions that virgin-births are afami. liar belief in pagan religions, is entire]v untrue. These assertions are in. spired at rock bottom, by adesire to undermine the Christian dogma of the Virgin-birth of Christ, and obvious similarities are pressed into service to prove them. Actually there isno proof

that any religion prior to or contemporary with the rise of Christianity held the belief of the virgin-birth of its god. Hindu mythology does not reveal any tendency to set value on virginity.

Q.: Two hundred years after Jesus diedHisfollowersweregettingstrong in Rome,and the Emperor Constantine saw there would be aclash; so he brought the leaders together. It was then thatJesus was made born ofaVirgin,and so the Church of Roanewasfounded.

A.: This is not history. The truth is that Mithre became the centre of the ltlithraisticcultofImperial Roman times, and that it became the rallying point for dying paganism. Therewas indeed a recrudescence of Mithraie prorshiptowardstheendof the fourth century, but with the triumph of Christianity it expired.

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Protestant Leader's Tribute to the Pope

In a commentary on the Pope's Christmas Eve broadcast Dr. Norman McLean,theformerModerator of the Church of Scotland, wrote in the "Scotsman"ofJanuary3:

The Pope's Christmas broadcast marks another stage towards the goal of collective security, for it places the (whole influence and authority of the Catholic Church behind the movement that aims at abolishing war. Unlike the national and sectional Churches, theCatholicChurch isworld-wide,and its voice reaches all nations,

"In any future world settlement." said His Holiness, "an organisation must exist for the maintenance of peace, an organisation invested by common consent with supreme athority

... tostifleattheiroriginallthreats ofaggredsion." Thatcanbedoneonly by consecrating force through making it the weapon of law. For the only way to overcome predatory force.s toprovidelawwithsuperiorforce. An international force to preserve peace is the only way to peace.

In the darkest days of the war Rib bentrop went to Rome seeking to embroil Mussolini in the Nazi net, and succeeded therein beyond his dreams. Before returninghome hesoughtaninterview with the Pope, for Hitler soughtalsothe support oftheVatican. When all human rights are being immolatedon the altar of naked force, it no doubtseemed intolerable thatthere in Rome there should be an Authority free to judge and to speak; to whom millionsreverentlylistened. So Ribbentropwasordered to exercisehis wiles on His Holiness.

Thereplywas,however,discouraging. The Vatican would not.allow the swastika to bedisplayed in its territory. If the German envoy cared to strip the swastika off the uniforms, and they did not show that flag on their cars, the Pope would grant an interview. Thusitcamethat,shornoftheirpagan emblems the German Foreign Secretary and his entourage arrived at the Vatican. Always after such afunctionthevisitorsare photographed with the Papal Chamberlain and Secretary but no Papal Chamberlain or official was

in the group. There they were isolated without the support even of the swastika.

IwastoldinJerusalem, whereIread ofthathumblingof Ribbentrop, that wlicn he asked the Pope for a new NOMOREWOOD CUTTING! American Perfection Stoves; ideal for countryandbeach. At Hassell's. 86307.

treaty, he was firmly told that there was atreaty already and that Hitler had broken it. All that was needed was the honouring of the treaty already existing. Whether that be so ornot,asIreadthereinJerusalemhow Ribbentrop's swastika was stripped off by the Pope, Isaav the dawn of he coming day when over all Europe the crookedcross would be trampledunder foot forinallages theChurchhasbeen ananvil whichhas brokenmany hammers. Ittookmore thanfiveyearsto do,but therewill be no resurrection of theswastika.

Living With the Church

April 22—Third Sunday after Easter

(White):

Mass Proper. 2nd. prayer of SS. Soter and Caius. 3rd. prayer of the Octave of St. Joseph. 4th. prayer for peace, Creed. Preface of Easter.

April 2"t.George, Martyr (Red):

Massproper. 2nd, prayeroftheOctave of St. Joseph. 3rd. prayer"Concede nos." 4th. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of St. Joseph, AprilU4 St. Fidelis of Sigmartmgen, Martyr (Red): u

Mass "Protexisti." 1st- prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer of the Octave of St. Joseph. 3rd. prayer for peace. Creed. Prefaceof St.Joseph. April 25—Major Litanies. St, Mark, Evangelist(Red):

Mass Proper. 2nd. prayer of the Octave dayofSt.Joseph. 3rd.prayer of the Rogation. 4th. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Apostles.

April26--88. Cletus and 0.1ucellinus, PopesandMartyrs (Red);

Mass "Sancti tui.' 2nd. prayer "Concede nos." 3rd. prayer for the Church or Pope. 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Easter.

April27—St. Peter Canisius, Confessor andDoctor (White):

Mass"In medio," 1st.prayerofthe Proper. 2nd. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of Easter.

April 28—Blessed Peter Chanel, Martyr (Red):

Mass proper. 2nd.prayer ofSt.Paul oftheCross. 3rd.prayerofSt.Vitalis. 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Easter.

EIRE VOLUNTEERS RECEIVE BRAVERY

CorporalJamesPatrick Scully, Pioneer Corps, was awarded the George Cross.

During araid on 'Merseyside in March 1941, he and an officer heldan immenseload of debris on their shoulders to save a70-year-old womanrwho, with her husband, was trapped in the ruins of their home. Corporal Scully forced his way through the ruins of find the husband dead and the woman seriously injured. He covered their faces with steel helmets to protect them from falling debris and spoke cheerfully to the woman to keep up her spirits. Ile and the Lieutenant stood from 11.30 at night to 6.30 next morning with aplank on their shoulders holding off the debris from the trapped couple. The house was slowly collapsing all the time. Scullywas completely exhausted and taken to hospital.

Corporal Scully comes from Crumlin, Co. Dublin.

Brigidier George Frederick Allison, M.G., late Royal Army Medical Corps, was madeaKnight Commanderof the Order of theBritish Empire.

Brigadier Allison was Deputy Director of Medical Services from December, 1910. When he took over his appointment there was one hospital in the area. There are now eleven hospitals, three convalescent depots and five prisoner of war hospitals. Ile supervised the erection and organisation of all these, and with his wide medical experience, his advice and instructions were invaluable to less experienced Officers Commanding Hospitals.

Duringoperationsinthe WesternDesert, Brigadier Allison was very fully oecupied in organising the reception and evacuation of casualties, and it waslargelyduetohispowersoforganisation and the high standard of his workthatthesereceptionsandevacuations were carried out smoothly.

Brigadier Allison comes from Monaghan.

Monsignor John Coghlan, Vicar-General to the Army, was made a KnightCommander ofthe Orderofthe BritishEmpirefor his gallantry during the Battleof Flanders in1940.

lie and his staff Captain, Father Basil MoCreton, were the last chaplains to leavethenorth of the Somme. Of their own free will they remained behind at Bergues, akev centre eight miles from Dunkirk. The town was eventually almost totally destroved The two priests buried all the dead and attended the wounded of all de.' nominations.

MonsignorCoghlanisanativeofGas• tlepollard, Westmeath, and son of the late Mr, Hugh Coghlan. of Castlepollard. Ile was educated at St. Fin. i•an'sCollege, Navan and at Maynooth College: took his B.A. degree at the Royal University of Ireland, and was — ordained for the Diocese of Meath in 1913.

He served in France, Flanders, and Mesopotamia in the last war, and was with the Army of Occupation on the Rhine. In the last 20 years he has served as Senior Chaplain to the forces in Malta, Shanghai, Egypt and Britain. Ile was appointed Catholic Vicar-General to the British Army in March, 1940, and was assistant deputy Chaplain-General to the Forces in France.

Colonel(Temporary) William James Fitzpatrick Eassie, Royal Army Service Corps, was made aKnight CommanderoftheOrderoftheBritishJhnFlre for outstanding ability as Deputy Director of Supply and Transport, 30 Corps II.Q. The operations afforded an exceptionally difficult problem in maintenance. Not only were all formations constantly changing, but they frequentlyhad to be switched from command of one Corps to another. Remaining cheerful and determined in spite of all the various fluctuations in the situation and the difficulties encountered owing to the movement of enemy raidingcolumns, Colonel Edgsie never once lost control of the supply and transport situation. By forethought, initiative and quick decision he overcame all difficulties and throughout the operations met all demandsmade upon him,withoutfailure.

lonel Eassie showed exceptional devotion to duty which had much influenceontheoperations. Nopraisecan be too highfor thinofficer'sinvaluable work.

Colonel Eassie was also awarded the DistinguishedServiceOrder.. He was Deputy Director of Supply and Transport at the start of operations at El Alamein. Throughout this period, by his drive and energy, he did magnificent work whichhadadirectandpowerful bearing on the success of opera. tions. His imperturbability on all occasions, including duringenemy air boming and machine-gun attacks, was an inspiration to those officers and men with whom he worked. No amount of"road strafing" by hostile aircraft ever deterred him from his frequent visits to all parts of thebattle area to encourage his troops to yet greater efforts.

Colonel]lassie was born at Newbridge, Co. Kildare.

Lieutenant-Colonel(temporary Bripadier) Robert Fowler Walker, O.B.E., M.C., MB., Royal Army Medical Corps, was made aCommander of the Order of the British Empire.

This officer, who is aDeputy Director of Medical Supplies in the Middle Exist, is mainly responsible to the DirectorofMedicalSuppliesforthemany and difficult medical plannings to suit the 1

wl projects planned in the Middle East.

Each plan necessitates the planning of the type and quantity of medical stores required, special drugs, chemi• cats, clothing, medical and advance equipment, the provision and supply, and medical advice.

It also necessitates the planning of the type of medical transport required in the different types of country.

Up to date, this officer's foresight, judgment and careful calculations based on his specialised knowledge have covered medical results in evacuation and nursing of casualties, mhich have brought nothing but praise from the highest authorities.

His keenness, loyalty. devotion to dub• and entire application to these many difficult problem's have been an example to all.

Lieutenant-Colonel Walker was born in Galway.

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Large Attendance of University Students on'Newman Sunday

Preacher Pointsto Wide Gap Between Christian Principles & Practice

Tyranny of the

Fashions of the Modern Mind 1

On Sunday, April8,alargegathering of students in academic dress, and a sprinkling of graduates, assembled in St. Alary's Cathedral, the occasion being the celebration of University Sunday, and the annual General Communion of theNewmanSociety.

The Mass was celebrated by His Grace Archbishop Prendiville, and the sermon iwas preached by Rev. Father Slowey.

The attendance was the best for some years, there being over one hundred people present in the Cathedral. After Mass, the majority adjourned to the Cathedral Hall to partake of breakfast.

in spite of transport, the great attendance indicates that the Newman Society has recovered from its recent depression and is now well on the way to becoming really successful.

The Society wishes to thank all those whose co-uperation made University Sunday such asuccess, mud particularlv those who so generously lent their cars.

Amongst those presentwere the Lord blavor, Senator Tangney„ and Drs. Mc *arm, Quinlan, and Clarke.

Rev. Father K. Slowey preached the occasional sermon as follows:

"Thisisthevictorythat overcomes the world,our Faith,`—Epistle,first Sunday after Easter.

We have been hearing lately from many quarters of the necessity forareturnbypeoplesandnations to the grin ciples set down in the Gospels. This, indeed, would give us reasons for hope in the future of civilisation were it not Kor the very widespread disregard for these same principles in the practical lives of both nations and individuals.

Weare tempted, therefore, toask:, what the-epeoplt mean by Christianity, and what exactly is their faith in Christ? Ft,r if Christ is merely aphilosopher or teacher, however wise, it is amatter of personal choice whether one follows His teachings or not; but if Christ is God, then there is obviously no roan for choice at all.

-]

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was Isis habit of performing miracles. Whenever He helped someone it was usually by means of a miracle. He cured the sick,gave sight•to the blind, healed lepers, raised the dead to life. You cannot accept the Gospel at all without accepting the miracles; ifor if you reject the miracles the whole life of Christ loses its meaning. How illogical it is to go through the Gospels choosing the parts that you like and dismissing the onesthat youdon't.One could find biblical support, Iimagine, for the most'surprising beliefs by this method. Why, even the Communists attempts to show, by acareful choice of texts, that Christ wasasupporterof Marxist philosophy. But what utter nonsense it is to acclaim Christ the worker and to defame Christ the mir. acle-worker.

Our examination of the Gospels will showits something further. This, that the miracles were performed for apurpose.

Tic Jews said to Our Lord one day: "If Thou be the Christ tell usplainly." Ile answered: "Ispeak:to you and you believe not: the works that Ido in the name of fly Father, they give testimony-

of Mc." The Jews knew what Ile meant. They took up stones to stone Ilim. Then lie said to them: "Many good works 1have showed you from My Father; for which of those works do you stone lle?' And they answered: "For agood work we stone Thee not, but for blasphemy, and berause that Thou being aman makest Thvsclf God."

It was fur this that they murdered film on the Cross, thinking, by that means to put an end to His mission. Ilow very wrong they were! In three days lie wasaliveagain. lie had told them that lie would rise again, but they had notbelieved. They werebut the first of many who would not believe; the first of all those who, blind. ed by prejudice, search for n natural cxp:anatiun of the facts related in the Gospels; and search in vain. Forhow can oneexplain theempty tomb? Not by supposing that Pilate or the Jews stole the body. .Certainly not the disciples. Men do not suffer persecution and death for something they know to be afraud. Or how can one explain away the fact that Christ's followers sane Ilini alive again, not once, but many times; tallied to Ilim; had sup per with Him? They were not foub these Galilean fishernncn, Matthew, the I,,<necslike customs man; Thomas, the septic. Bewildered ailed puzzled !•,• the apparent failure of their blaster, then were slow to believe, in fact, onthing but the unquestionable know• iedh:c ill

Christ's triumph could have changed them from timid and broken dascrtets to the fearless, Avorld-conquering missi•,narics that they became. Nothing 1,ut thesure knowledge of the Risen Christcould havegiven theearly Church its dynamic energy and drive. \nthing else could have steeled those men and women to superhuman courage in the torture chambers of Palestine and Rome. No theory of fraud or hallucination can explain these facts away.

"This is the victory that overcomes theworld,ourfaith." This isthefaith which upholdsitsin the hoursofblackest doubt; afaith not founded on the shifting sands of emotionalism or subjectivism. but oil facts; facts that can be proved to the satisfaction of any unbiased enquirer. We shall not become victims of the "modern mind," that strange productof our age; which prides itself on being critical and is so naively uncritical; which will not believe in the infallibility of adivinely appointed teacher, but will believe in the infallibility of aprofessor; which believes in molacules, but not in mir. acles; which will readily abandon the faith of2,000 years for atheory which mac have to be rejected to-morrow.

Do not be tyrannised by intellectual fashions. Itischaracteristicof theim. mature mind to beimpressed by ideas that are merely novel, bizaire, or revolutionary. Truth iseternal; fashions only live foraday. And when the ideas and problems and theories of theseourdaysareforgotten, theknowledge of Christ's Resurrection will still be adynamic force, asheet-anchor in the troubled seas of doubt, abeacon in the stormy darkness of intellectual uncertainty.

The Societyii'ishes to announce that it is holding apicnic to Serpentine on

AnzacDay, April 25. The trainleaves Perth at 7.35 a.m. All members are asked to come along and make this a huge success.

The next meeting is to be held this month. Details of date and topic will bepublished in"The Record."Sowatch out for further news. All past members are cordially invited to attend this meeting and all other functionsof the Society. Noticesof eventswill be published from time to time in"The Record." However, any persons interestedare requested to send theiraddress to the Secretary, so that they call be notified of meetings.

Democracy "Communist Style"

By PAULVESPER.

Many Western liberalsanddemocrats have been unable to resistthe charmof Communism, not only because of the Red Army's militay achievements, but also because of the clever tactics and rinsesof worldCommunism. TheCommunists pretend that the Soviets are a great democracy, while the antagonists of the red regime are reactionaries or I'asc•ists. Comunistand pro-Commun• ist organisations are freely using the name of democracy in their official appellations.

No self-respecting democrat wants to be suspectedofsupporting reaction. All of us consider ourselves protagonists of social and political progress. Yet the definitionofdemocracy tobe found in Communist dictionariesdiffers radically from that adopted by true Demo. cracy. No one better than Stalin can give its the Communist definition of democracy, The Soviet leader has plainly declared that "proletarian democracy' is something radically different from "bourgeoisdemocracy:"

According to our Western ideas democracy meansequalitybefore the law, personal and civic freedom guaranteed by law, justice and government based upon the will ofanational majority. It means also that that will should find' its expression in avote free from ❑nw adnninistrttive pressure. Stich a democracy, however, is

called by Communists abourgeois reaction. Quite so, for proletarian democracy is based upon adictatorship of the proletariat which destrovs the foundations of the democratic order which is being called a "bourgeois regime" Iw the Communists.

"The dictatorship of the proletariat— says Stalin in his book. 'Leninism'— does notariseon the basis of the boor geois order: it arkes while this order is being torn down after the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, in the presence of the expropriation of the landlords and capitalists, during the process of socialisation of the principal instruments andmeansofproduction,in theprocess of violent proletarian revolution.

"The dictatorshipofthe proletariatis the domination of the proletariat over the bourgeoisie, untrammelled by law, based on violence, and enjoying the sympathy and support of the toiling and exploited masses.

"The dictatorship of the proletariat cannot he a'connplete democracy; a democracy for rich and poor alike; the dictatorship of the proletariat must be astate that is democratic in anew way—for the proletariat and the poor in general—and dictatorial in a new way—against the bourgeoisie.

"Democmcv trader the capitalist sys. tem is capitalist democracy. the democracy of an exploiting minority. . Democracy,under proletarian dictatorship is proletarian democracy—a democracyof theexploitedmajority.

"The dictatorship of the proletariat cannot come about as aresult of the peaceful development of bourgeois so-

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ciety and o£ the bourgeois democracy; it can come only as the result of the destruction of the bourgeois state machine, of the bourgeois army, of the bourgeois civil administration, and of the bourgeois police."

The above literal, quotations from Stalin's work dispel all our illusions. Stalin'sdoctrine rejects equality before the law, and establishes privileges for the proletariat. There is, in fact, no difference between mediaeval law's which granted privileges to the upper classes, and the proletarian regime, which grants privileges allegedly tothe proletarian class, but in -

reality to a minority consistingofstateofficialsand members of the ruling Communist party.

The Communist "democracy" also rejects freedoni of conscience, and freedom of action. A proof thereof is to be found in Sovietconcentration camps wherein, as Mr. Bar-

min, a Russian, states,fifteen-millionSovietcitizensare atthe preeenttimedyingaway athard lahour. (See Reader's Digest, October, 1911.) Neitherdo we find in"Communist democracy" any government Lased upon the willof anationalmajority. Any opposition against Communism—even as radical an opposition as that of sucial-democrats or social-revolutionaries—is crushed by imprisonment or death.

Some secondary features ofthe Communist regime may undergochangesin the Communist State in order to appease Western publicopinion. Stalin's doctrine, however, remains unshaken andfirmasthe rockof Gibraltar.Westerndemocracies should studythat doctrine to understarld, at last that our democracy, the so-called bourgeois democracy, has nothing fn commdn with the pretended Communist democracy.

Should we fail to learn the theory of Communist democracy and draw proper conclusions therefrom, it is Commun•sm which will teach us that new democracyinpractice,andwewill have to pay for that tuition the same fee :I

c

the 13ussian people did.

HIGHGATE HILL

Acardparty will be heldfn the Parish Hall on April 26. at 2.15 p.m., for the Sacred Heart Primary School. Euchre, as well as bridge and rummy will be played, so keep Thursday,Aprif 20, free for apleasant afternoon.

On Friday• May 1, asocial anddance p will take lace at Sp.m. An exhibition of modern dancing by a well known dancing teacher will be given. There will he several items by popular artists, and Miss K. Condon's 3-piece dance band will provide the music. Remember to come and bring your friends to the Parish Hall, and make that evening an enjoyable one.

SoCatholics -

,

AreJgnorant1.1

..

Catholicism the Chief Spurto Progress in Every Field of Culture What Can Materialism Show?

By J. T.

Again and again one meets in all sorts of waystheoldaspersion that Caaholics are ignorant. That if they were wiser they wouldno longer follow their religion. We do not know how seduously our enemies have spread this falsehood. But spread it they have. How many are there among non-Catholics who, having heard it so often from their childhood, believe it as an indisputable fact.

And yet these people who believe this,and there are many sincerely minded among them,canhave the rarestacquaintance withthegrowth of intellectual greatness in the past, and the condition of things in the topsyturvy world as it is at present.

When aCatholic stays a while to contemplate on how affairs have developed so wonderfully well since the first dawn of civilised times, he feels a glowofjustifiablepride when he thinks what the world really owes to Catholics. If it were possible to withdraw by one wave ofthe hand the contribution of Catholics to the progress ofthe world, it would be apoor tawdry place indeed.

Materialists are ever proclaiming the well ordered sufficiency of modern times, as if they themselves were personally responsible for what really is the accretion of centuries of profound culture; for the comforts and conveniencesof to-dayarethefruit ofan order ofexistencewhichgrewupanddeveloped in Europe around the teachings of the Catholic Church. This is undeniable.

Into what regions of intellectual ac. tivity- we follow the human mind, we are conscious of the stimulus that has been imparted by Catholicism. Was itnot the monksin their monasteries ever so many hundreds of years ago who laid the foundation of that which has given expression to what we enjoy to-day? Perhaps if we take abrief survey of the chief fields of culture in turn we call see how true this is. The materialkt in his cheap gibes at the Church is fondest of calling upon Science to support his sophistical pretensions, for in this region he believes the Faith to be most vulnerable, ldow little he knows. Throughnut the cast field of Science Catholics have been and still are at work. lie who has but arudimentary acquaintance with electricity must have heard of the live units of electricity--the volt, the amp, the coulomb, the(,hilt and thefarad Four of these tit— are named in the honour of Catholics; thefifthunit the farad, honour.,Michael Faraday, ,

in English scientist. who was aProtestant. Ohnt, who has given his name to the unit of resistance, was ateacher in aJesuit college. The volt, the unit of electramotive force is ❑anted after Count Volta. Volta, who also discovered the electrical decomposition of water,

Mas throughout his life afervent Catholic. The unit of current, the amp, was named after Ampere, aFrenchCatholic,hornat Lyonsin 1775. Andthe coulomb, the unit of quantity, was named after Coulomb, aCatholic, and alsoaFrenchman.

We in Australia are 1•yyetty familiar with the use ui galvaarntT- iron; but few of us know that the term galvanised honours Galvani, one of the pioneers of electrical research, who was a thoroughgoingCatholicand aProfessor of Anatomy in Italy.

One of the greatest contributions to Science in modern times has been the discovery of X-rays.Theyareof manifold importance in industry as well as in medicine. Their discoverer was Rontgen, aGerman scientist, and a most devoted Catholic„

Of all the scientists who have enriched the worldwith their work, there has been none greater than Louis Pasteur, His name, like abright star on amoonless night shines withillustrious benevolence through this benighted world. . What we owe to Pasteur can , never be fully estimated. He it was who pioneered the modern methods of treating diseases by mastering the germs which caused them. His discoveries revolutionised medical science and saved untold numbers of lives. In an ageof infidelity Pasteurwas an exemplary Catholic. In his genius he was gigantic; in his Faith he was as simpleas achild. Overhisremainsin the chapel of the Institute, erected to his memory, Mass is celebrated each year, on the anniversary of his death, for the repose of his soul.

Those who are interested in medicine will recollect Schwann, the discoverer of the cell theory,on which thescience ofhistorologyisbuilt; ofMuller,cvhofs remembered by the Mullerian ducts; anri Claude Bernard, the eminent physiologist.. These three men were at Catholics. Then thereis Stensen,who has given his name to Stensen's duct. Stensen hesides being an eminent anatomist, was amost distinguished geologist. Stensen was aconvert from Lutheranism and died aBishop of the Church.

\lorgagni, the father of modern path. ology, contributed eminently to anatomy, several parts of the body being namedinhishnnnur. Ile wasrenown. ed forhisdevotiontotheFaith- Eight M his slaughters became n nuns and one of his sons became aJesuit.

When adoctorexaminesit patient he uses to test the chest a stethoscope. The stethoscopewasinventedby Lacenee, anative of Brittany, who was re. nnwned througltnut hislife for thesaying of the Rosary.

No one who properly studies the breeding of animals or the propagation of plants can ignore Gregor Mendel. Mendel was amonk who opened up to the world by his research views on heredity which had hitherto been un.

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Fabre, the world's greatest naturalist, was also aCatholic. No one, however prejudiced, could fail to appreciate ;Marconi, who gave us wireless telegraphy. He was also a Catholic.

Mention might herebemadeof what Catholics have done for Astronomy. Here are some of the Catholic contributors to this science: Copernicus, Galileo, Cassini, Binet, Leplace, Leverrier, and Piazzi. Astronomy owes nearly everything to Catholics.

In the science of Chemistrywe find the names of the following Catholics: Lavoisier, thefounderof modern chemistry; Van IIelmont, Dumas, Thenard, Chevreul, Pelletier and Pasteur.

Turning away from Science in the fieldof Literature, wefind first that, after the spoliation of the culture of Rome by the Germanic hordes which crossed the Alps, it was the Catholic Church in its wisdom -which preserved all it possibly could of what was best in the civilisation. For along time darkness reigned over Europe. Most of what was good was gone. But in outof theway placesand,what is particularly interesting to us, in Ireland more than anywhere else,.the torch of culturestillglowedclear. Itwasfrom the monasteries, with which the whole od' Ireland was covered, that men and women set forth to repair the ravages which the barbarians had wrought. Quoting from Montalembert:

"There was among the Irish monks an intellectual development which the hermits of Egypt had never known. The Irish communities, joined by the monksfromGauland Rome, whomthe example of Patrick had drawn after his steps, entered into rivalry with the greatmonastic schoolsofGaul. They explained Ovid; they- copied Virgil: they devoted themselves to Greek literature; they drew back from no enquiry, no discussion; they placed boldness mil alevel with faith and acharacteristic still more distinctive, was the imperious necessity of spreading themselvesabroad: ofseeking or carrying knowledge and faith afar, and of penetrating into the most distant regions to watch or combat paganism."

'fir. Lawrie, an English writer, in his lx,oh nn Universities says:

"it is certain that the Irish ,

cult} vated Greek and Latin literature when other partsof the world had ceased to do sn and that they were much given to dialectic disputation. There was a living scholarship among them and a genuine speculative spirit."

And to strengthen the assumption that itwas themonksfrom Irelandand from monasteries founded by the Irish in England who restored civilisation we have this quotation from Cardinal Newman:

"As the Irish missionaries travelled down through England, France' and Switzerland to lower Italy and attempted Ge?many-

,at the peril of their lives, converting the barbarian, restoring the lapsed, encouraging the desolate,collecting the scattered and founding churches, schools and monasteries as they went along; so amid the deep pagan woods of Germany and round about the English Benedictine plied his axe -

and drove his plough, planted his rudedwellingand raised hisaltar upon the ruinsofidolatry, and then, settling Flown as acolonist upon the soil, began to sing his chants and to copy his old volumes, and then to lay the slow but sure foundationsof anew civilisation."

Sowe see that if it were not for the monksthe treasuresofpreviouscivilisations which we prize so highly to-day would have been foreverlost. It was the Catholic Church, and the Catholic Church alone, which gathered together the threads of civilisation and wove them intoaspleasantadesignofliving as has ever been in this world.

In Literature this had its culmina tioninthe productionofthetwo greatest writers Europe has known ;

Shakes peare and Dante. These were men w1togrewupinCatholichomesand felt thefervourofaCatholictrainine.They

shine like twin stars, the envy and admiration of every age that has come after,- When will the world ever see their likeagain?

Spacewould notsuffice toenumerate the thousands of Catholic writers from allover Europe who haveenriched the pages of Literature with-their work. Some like Montaigne, Moliere, Petrach, Cervantes, Chateaubriand, and Manzoni are more distinguished than the rest.

Plays are very popular to-day. The cinemaas wellas the radio, has helped to spread this popularity enormously. As every college boy and girl knows, the modern theatre had its origin in the Church. The monks in the beginningactedplays dealingwiththeScrip. turessoas to better enlightenthe people on religion. So much was this liked that the plays spread from the Church out into the fields and the street. They finallycametodealwith secular subject's and provided one of the chief forms of entertainment and instruction. To-day we can still read the Mystery and Morality plays which theoldmonks wrote. And veryreadable they are too.

If there is anything that sends a thrill of pride through us Catholics it is the sight of those splendid cathedrals which the Catholics of long ago erected and which still stand to attest to all the world what manner of men were thosewho builtthem.There they rise superior to all around them beautiful, strong and majestic, Architects of to-day stroll for hours in their precincts and gaze with envy at the well balanced proportionsof the whole fabric and the wealth of elegant finish in each particular part. Go and contrast these with the grotesque structures ofto-day in the form of cityskyscrapers, and then listen to talk about ignorantCatholics. Yesitwasthe CatholicChurch which fostered architecture with zealous care and carried it to apoint where it hasneverbeen surpassed.

Those who talk about ignorant Ca. tholics certainly cannot be artists; for whohaveenriched theartofthe world more than Catholics? He is very ignorant indeed who has not heard of Michael Angelo, Raphael, Murillo, Reubens, and one near our own times in Millet. And what have these artists loved to paint if it has not been the beautiful scenes from our religion, par. ticularly the MotherofGod. Aspiring painters all the world over pore at these for hours in the hope of coming under the spell of their inspiration. It is with thesethat thepurseproud capitalists of the industrial countries seek to adorn their walls. They have to fall back on the genius of those at whose faith they affect to laugh. As it has been with art, so it has been with sculpture. The best finished forms are the work of Catholic hands. If you seek acontrast put Michael Angelo's "David" side hy- side with the work of your modern genius, Mr. Epstein.

And,lastly, we cometo Music. The greatestmusicianstheworldhasknown have been Catholics, including the greatest, Beethoven. Hereareothers: Mozart, Schubert, Chopin,and Hayden. TheCatholicChurchhasfostered music since its inception. Is not some of the greatest music in the world heard in Catholic churches? Contrast the beautiful music of Catholic Vienna with that of your latest swing fan or huogec woogey artist, and listen to some ignoramus talk of ignorant Catholics.

The truth is pretty plain. In those places where the influence of the Ca• tholic faith is felt least, thereis arising acrudity of expression in Literature, Art, Architecture, and Music which is far from wholesome and which. judgingfromformercivilisations;isthefirst symptom of eventual decay. There is n,• hope, and one hope only, and that is the Catholic Church.

FluePipes for Stoves,Bath Seaters, Red Paving and Green Souse Paints. Sassell's,659 WellingtonStreet.

.

Cremation Represents aRevival of Barbarism *Masonry's Part in This Horrible. Cult

In Conflict with the Church's Dogmatic Symbolism

Corpse-}burning

MayBecomeaRacket

By J01IN GARVIN, D.D., Ph.D.

The practice of Cremation is becoming fashionable and the burnt ash and boneisattimesdisposedofinthe most aludicrous manner. We remember one case where the burnt remains were scattered from an aeroplane over the prom, at Blackpool, presumably because that was the scene of happiest memories. .One day we shall perhaps read of someone's ashes being lightly scattered over the head's of the chorus girls in the Prince of Wales Review, for any depth of desecration can be ;+reached in amaterialistic civilisation. Among the Digger Indiansthe ashes of the deceased are smearedwith gum on the heads of the mourners. This may sound rather revolting to English minds, but at any rate there is much more religious rite in it than scattering ashes over the Big Dipper

In history dispo's.al of the dead by burial comes first. There is no eviAdence of cremation till the Neolithic age,and from that time onwards both practices exist. In some cases they exist together as among the Siamese, where the body was first embalmed or buried and cremated after amonth or so. The Catholic Church, from the beginning, adopted the practice of earthburial as the only rite of burial. This had been the longand constant Jewish tradition, but it, must be emphasised that the Church kept this practice on not merely because of anational tradition,butbecauseofitsharmonywith the doctrine of Christ. Gradually, underChristian influence, cremation became athing of the past. Apart from Prussia (which preserved it till the four

teenth century) and the savages of Africa and America, and afete Asiatic sects, it became athing unknown. One isolated attempt occurred in the thir.teenth century, when certain faithful, in order to transport more easily the remains of persons of high rank. began tr, disembowel the corpse, cut it in pieces '

and boil it, but Boniface VIII, fulminated adecretal entitled"Detestanrlae 1'eritati•" and thepractice stopped. It was left to the Anti-Gods of the French Revolution to make the first corporate attempt to re-introduce cremation, but the florid Columbarian of Montmarte, with its great doorways dedicated to Infancy, Youth, Virility, and Old Ago, received but one gift: the ashes of athree-months child. Another fifty_years passed before cremation really began. This timeitwasbacked liv all the forces of Masonic Atheism and used:is adeliberate frontal attack on the teaching of the Catholic Church. Naturally, it appeared where the insane hatred of the Church burnt at white heat, in Italy. The Masan [1 ini, in his book, "the Purification of the Dead," asserted that "our task is notconfined to themere burningof the dead, but extends to burning and destroving superstition as well." Ile -would have had the ashes of the dead sold to farmers and then"the result would be that this common material mould partially return tobereincarnnted in the bodies of the living Milanese. This is the only resurrection of the body recognised by science.' Such Ilkley-moorbaht=at utterances were common among all the anti-Christians and in 1850 The Society for the Propagation of Cremation was set up in Paris. Thanks to this society. Europe could count in 19M seventy-two crematoria, 29 in Italy. 17 in Germany, 14 in England. The United Statesby thistime possessed thirty-four furnaces forthe dead.

The Catholic Church answered this insult to her teaching by adecree of

the Holy Office in 1886. "Numbers of Bishops of the enlightened faithful have ascertained that men of doubtful faith or of the Masonic allegiance are actively engaged in re-establishing the pagan custom of burning human remains, and that even societies have been specifically set up for this end. rhey fear lest their artifices and sophisms should deceive the faithful and should insensibly lessen the esteemand respect for the Christian custom constant in the Church and consecrated byher solemn rites. To give the faithlul aclear ruling to guard them from these snares, they have asked the SupremeCongregation of the Roman Universal Inquisition to declare M If itbe lawful to give one's name to societies which aim at promulgating the custom of cremating human remains. (ii) If it be lawful to order the cremation of one'sownbody or the bodyofanother..

The Holy Office replied that in both cases it was unlawful. Later decrees forbade Christian burial or the Last Sacraments or the public celebration of \lass for those iwho should persist till death in willing their own cremation.

The decree makes no reference to natural or divine positive law, because cremation is not evil in itself. But neither is it amatter of traditional liturgical rite which works harmoniously with Catholic belief. Cremation is therefore condemned not in any and even_- case(for it is allowedin timesof war, plague or earthquakel, but as the normal rite of sepulture. Hence also there is no penalty attached to one who is cremated through pressure of public authority. Thus, in the Sandwich islands, where cremations are commanded by the Pacific Authority, Catholic priests are permitted to proceedtothecemeterywith theashes and bury them with the accustomed rites.

The attitude of the Church to cremation is abundantly justified. A custom of great antiquity which is bound up with the Church's dogmatic symbolismand consonantwith the sublimest sentiments of the human soul is nut lightly to be thrown aside. In the eyes of the Catholic Church death is marked by two characteristics: that of humbleness and dissolution,and secondly that of grandeur and immortality. Death is first of all achastisement conquering all worldly vanity andreducingthesin-soiledbodyof man to thedust from whence itcame. But the dissohition is not irrevocable, for the undying soul is impervious to the attempts of death and the body itself is reserved for a future resurrection. Cremation fully expresses the idea of dissolution. It does more, it suggests complete and irrevocable extinction, but in no way does it suggest aresurrection of anoble return to life. Burial suggests reservation: the dead body is reserved for the final glorious resurrection. It is left in the attitude of sleep and so of expectance. Hence the word cemetery or aplaceof sleeping. It corrupts of course but corruptiondoes notsignifyextinction. The grain of wheat corrupting according to God's laws in the earth rises to new life,andso themortalbodyis"sown in corruption that it may rise in incorruption." Cremation has not such suggestion, for it is obvious that if you wish to reserve athing or if you expect athing to live again you don't

putitonared-hotpatebehindanoven door.

Though death is ashameful thing, it has also becomeadesirable thing,since Christ, by His own death has restored supernatural life to us. It is natural that as we are mysteriously embodied in Christ by being members of His Church, so we should be entombed with Christ in order to rise from the soil with Himwho is the "firstfruitsof the'dead." We cannot,of course, escape thecorruptionChristescaped,but at least, in burial,we are entombed in ground which is "blessed, sanctified, and consecrated." The Ancient Liturgy commanded the body to be turn. ed to the East to suggest that the faithful slept in the shadow of Calvary from theside ofwhich Christ rose.

There is. too. amost nauseating repugnance about this unholy desire to getquickriddance ofthebody. Natural sentiments both delicate and,deep forgeachainbetwesnourselvesandthe remains of those we have loved. The brow, theeyes, the limbs have all possessedthesacramentalkissofChrist.In thatheartthe kingof Kingshasreposed and the presence of the.HolySpirit has made that body aholy Temple. Loving and pious hands have performedthelastritesover it, andtheChurch hashonoureditwith holywaterandincense and the most touching prayers. Why, then, not leave the slow dissolution toGod Himself, instead of plungingtheremains intoafurnaceinwhich the corpse perform afinaland ghastly "danse macabre"? Laveden, assisting atoneoftherapid cremationsinMilan, said:"Never have Iexperienced such poignant feelings of horror. At the

very memory of that corpse twisting round, of thearmsbeating theairas if asking for grace, of the fingers sizzling and dropping like shavings, of the blackened legs kicking at space and burning like torches (for amoment' I thought Icould hear it howl). Ifeel my forehead cold with sweat and I begin to suffer the torture of this unknown man whose flesh Iheardcrying and protesting."

Gruesome as the may sound, Cremation, will become much more revolting once the dirtyfingersofcommercialism begin toexploit it. Corpse-burningmay easily become amuch more repulsive racket than corpse-snatching., Sir Henry Thompson,who was the first elected Presidentof the BritishSociety for the Promotion of Cremation, was nqt ashamed to put forward this strange computation. "Taking into account," he said."the number of deceases in the city of London, it would be possible to collect, at the end of each year by means of the crematoria, 200,000 pounds of human bones destined tofatten the soil." How soul-piercingly sublime to think of one's fellow men as potentiallumps of bone-manure!

"But Iam not going to risk being buried alive!" is quite apopular argument forcremation. Andasupremely stupid one. One cannot, of course, deny the possibility of premature burial. In San Francisco recently aman arose from aslab and asked, "Where am I?" An attendant replied: "In the morgue." "But I'm not dead," said the victim. "You were pronounced dead." The man said: "Iremember now. Iwasin afight." The attendant replied:"You seemed dead. When we opened this eyelid therewas no reflex action in your eye." The man: "No wonder. It's aglass eye."

(Continued on Page 8.)

Our,CatholicSchoolsandColleges

Loreto Convent "Osborne" — Claremont

BOARDINGAND DAY COLLEGE.

TheSchool providesasoundeducation on modern lines in all branches of study. The pupils are prepared forallexaminations. The School is beautifully situated between Ocean and River, in extensive grounds, with fine playing fields and private Swimming Pool in River. Telephone:F2135. Apply— MOTHER SUPERIOR.

SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL

HIGHGATE — PERTH.

(CONDUCTED BY THE SISTERS NOTRE DAME DES MISSIONS). BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. PUPILS PREPARED ALL EXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORI SCHOOL FOR YOUNG CHILDREN. For Prospectus apply— REV. MOTHER PRIORESS.

'Phone: B3810.

ST.ILDEPHONSUS'COLLEGE

NEW NORCIA

CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS.

Catholic boys recommended on the score of character by their Parish Priest,and ready to commence at least Sixth Standard or arrival, can be now enrolled for commencement in February, 1918. Application should be made at once. Acceptance during 1945 is nolonger possible. For Particulars Apply to—THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

CHL.IETIAN BROTHERS.MT. HENRY.

ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A.

AQUINAS COLLEGr

TELEPHONE:NUIM. FOK BOARDERS -

AND DAY STUDENTS. BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS.

Beautifully Situated,overlooking the river,near the new Canning Bodge. For Particulars apply to— The Principal, Aquinas College,Canning Parade, Mt. Henry

Cremation is, Horrible

(ContinuedfromPage7.)

Themoralofthisisobvious-andit is notcremation. Tocomeroundtoconsciousnessafter burial must be apainful experience, but is it any less painful than coming round on ared-hot plate behind afurnace door? The moment of consciousness would, we know, be very brief,but there is no denying that for that brief instant the main impression would be of Hell. It is the duty of Governments andother public authorities to guard against all danger of premature burial or cremation.

'In certain continental cities the remainsarekeptover for inspection in a mortuary. Thus Frankfort and Monith are famous for their Leichenhauser ordead-houses. The corpse iskepton abier at an even temperature, and a ringattached to afinger.The ringconnects by means of alight cord to a bell which rings in the warder's room. One revival has been known to take place at Frankfort. In other places puncturing and injections are used to preventprematureburial.

Theprincipal reasonbroughtforward in defenceofcremation is Hygiene-an argument which always carries great weight inour Cellophane-WrapperAge. Yet the arguments brought out are singularly• unsatisfactory--except, of course inthecn'seofcemeterieslocated andused indefiance of themostordin ary sanitary precautions, as were the old London churchyards.

Thusithasbeenstated:"Theamount ofputrefyingmatterinthegroundconstitutes agreat danger to the public health." There is astrong presumptionagainstthis firstofall in theway the world has acted for generations. While savages burned civilised men buried their dead-a thing which would never have happened if the risk to health was so obvious as the critics suppose. But apart from this, where is the proof that the neighbourhood of acemetery is regularly less healthy than other quarters? What are the specific diseases and -

epidemics produc. ed by burial grounds? There are so ma11v millions of burial places in the world that there should be alaw, constant and universal, of cemetery-mortality-iftheassumptionsofcremationMs are warranted.

"Rain-water,permeating the graves, carries the germs of corruption into the rivers and wells and other sources cfthe nation'swater-supply." Itisso easily stated, but where again is the proof? "It has never been demonstrated;" sav Dr. I,acassagne and Dr. Dubuisson. "flint such germs accompany the water through the earth, or that the salts, ammonia rind other impuritieq found in wells and :springs comefromcemeteries, which havebeen located and constructed with the nnr-

J. NEILSON ,optician

J. LA\HELL, F .M.C.(Londo

i n),

OPTOMETRIST, Tel,: II2014 iR PLAZAARCADE, PERTH

BRYANT & WATERS, SO to90STIRLING ST., PERTH.

WOOD C COAL AiERCHANTS.

Orders Promptly Attended To. 'Phone:B9938.

S. BEECROFT -Butcher 181 Rokeby Road,Subiacw.

Only Prime Fresh Killed U..sat:fold 'Phone NC1373.

BUNBURY.

LAND and ESTATE AGENT, G. H. TEEDE. 'Phone 31 .. .. .. Private 267

SMITH'S BUILDINGS, W;LLDNGTON ST., BUNBURY. Businesses,Farms,Hoses,Land For Sale.

ntal -

sanitoryprecautionsinmind. Pettenkofer,an authorityin urban sanitation, calculated thatpoisonous infiltration from burial-lands are insignificant compared with the poison that pours throughthepublicstreetsoftowns.

"The atmosphere is poisoned by the exhalationsfrom the graves." If this were so, there should be agreat increaseinmortalityamongallthosegood people who visit cemeteries Sunday after Sunday,not to speak of priests andparsons,grave-diggers,sextons, and otherswho are notin thehabitof dis. infecting themselves at every interment. "Poisonousandharmfulgases," said aMedical Commission convened to study the effects of cemeteries in Paris,"produced by decomposition, do not reach the surface if the corpse is buried one andahalfmetresbelowthe ground." It mightbe thought that the soil itself would reach saturation-point and thus become noxious to public health, but the same Commission de. clared that almost all the organic matterhasdisappearedafterfiveyearsand, provided the soil is sufficiently perme. able, it.doesnotbecome saturated.

It has finally been suggested that in time thecemeterieswill take upall the land and the deadwill eventually take up the place of the living. Akind of Malthusian Nekropoiisl It hat

s, however, been calculated that the amount of wheat land which asingle person needs forayearis enough for the bur. ial of 5,000 person::. There is something rather barba,ic about the refusal to give to the dead six feet of that earth which is so much under-inhabited.

Jurists and criminologists are by no means in favour of cremation, since it gives such security to certain kinds of grimebyobliteratingall traces. In every murder, disposal of the body is themajordifficulty. InSt.Louis, Dlissouri, out of the 58 persons cremated in aspace of four years. 64 died from accidents, violence, or suicide. In the French Review of Penal and Criminal Law (July, 19101, Dr.Balthazard writing of poisoning cases,said:"Poisoning is not discoveredby asimple examina. tion of the corpse, nor even by an autopsy, but only by a toxological analysis, which demands a month's time. Suspicions with regard to poisnning generally begin become certainties only five or six days after death, that is to say, after cremation would be over,"

Considering, therefore, the body of opinion that is against cremation and the flimsiness of the arguments which support it. it is not to be expected that it willconquer the modern world. It is already slowing clown in nations where it waszealouslypropagated, and betraying all the chararteristirs of n fall,andnotaveryChristianfarleither.

ALBANY.

(i. C. Prior Funeral Director

ALBANY (Established 1921).

Private Mortuary.Motor Vehicles, Charges Moderate. 'Phone 215.

Albany,Mt Barker,Denmark and Districts, KALGOORLIE.

J. W. SHEEHAN, PRIME BELF BUTCHER.

HANNAN ST., KALGOORLIZ. MARIT:INA STREET.

Tel.418 .............Tel.438

ALEX RODOREDA

Turf Commission Agent 802 HAY STREET.

AGENT FOR W.A. CHARITIES. Ring B5841 and B5236.

e11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111N11,111111111111 1

1

T. VIVIAN, 149 Rokeby-road,Sublaco. WIM, FOR SEWERAGE

C

Girls ' MOVEMENT

Headquarters and Club Room: Bank of N.S.W. Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7.10, First Floor.

TELEPHONE: B4836.

CALENDAR IGF

MONDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 Liturgy:8p.m.

TUESDAY:

Physical Culture: Orchestra: 8P.M.

WEDNESDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m, to Dressmaking: 7p.m. Arts and Crafts: 8p.m. Red Cross, E.S.C.: 8p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS: 8a.m.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'S LEAGUE

Ameeting of the executive will be heldon Wednesday, May 9.

The usual monthly meeting will be held on Monday, May 14.

CanteenDates.

7-8 p.m. 6.30 p.m.

EXPOSITION all day.

BENEDICTION: 5.15p.m, Choir: 8p.m.

RRIDAY: Softball pracise: 5.15 p.m., Esplanade.

SATURDAY: Kalamunda Busy Bee: 1.15bus.

Tuesday, May 8:Barrack-street Buf. fet.

Sunday, April22 andThursday, May 8: Phyllis Dean Hostel.

Sunday, April 22: Dunleavy House.

The raffle in aid of P.O.W. appeal *as drawn on March 26. Winning numbers (alsopublishedin daily paper 28/3/'45): First prize, 3; second, 699; third, 503. A bridge party, organised by Mrs. Goody, in aid of the Burse given by the League every year to St. Charles' Seminary, will be held in the League Rooms on Thursday, May 10.

IMPORTANTDAYS,

on the

Tennis at Robertson Park: 2p.m.

SUNDAY: Tenisat RobertsonPark: 2p.m.

ACTIVITIES. p.m. to 6.30 p.m. •

OURLASTSCAVENGER HUNT. We told you that it would be the goodsanditwas. Thecrowd number. ed juston 90, and they certainly prov. ed tobe pretty good scavengers: dirty oldbones,bottlesofallshapesandsizes being no trouble atall forthemtopro. duce. It seemed almost an insult to ask them to collectsuch easy thingsas sprigs of plumbago, hair pins, rubber bands,

ice-cream cones and the like. Supper was served at ten o'clock, and wehad no troublein pressingeveryone to cat or ingetting rid of the surplus food. To finish the evening everyone joined in the hokey pokey and other dancestill 11.15p.m., whenwedeclared it anight. The evening was run in conjunction with the Y.C.W., of Highgate Parish,and washeld in the Highgate hall. We aredeeply indebted to theIlighgateboysforthesuccessofthe evening.

SIXTHCONCERTSEASON.

The datesfor our next Concert Season are Friday, Saturday,andMonday, \fay'25, 26 ,

and 2S, in Asembly hall, Pier-street. Thebox plan isnowopen at the C.G.M., -

and scats may be reserved by 'phoning B4SM. Tickets, 2/6; hooking free.

CANTEEN SERVICE.

Wearestillinneedofgirls tohostess at Cantccn. Takeanoteoftheundermentioned dates, and come alongwith your apron and with the feeling that besides having alot of fun, you are dlling your bit to help the boys.

Phyllis Dean Hostel.

C.G.M. Group: Friday, May 4.

L.B.A. Group: Sunday, May 13.

C.G.M. Group: Tuesday, May 29.

DANCING CLASSES.

At last! Yes, we are commencing thedancingclassesonceagain,but this time in conjunction with the Y.C.W. boys of Ilighgate Parish. The classes will be held every second Thursday, alternating with our fortnightly dance inCathedralBall' Any memberwishing to attend these classes kindly add their nameson the listattached tothe notice board in the office.

FORTNIGHTLYDANCES.

Our opening dance wasvery success ful both socially and financially, although we could still do with another 100 young people to fill the hall. Remember the old saying,"the more the merrier" Sobuck up and bring your friends and their friends to Cathedral Hall on Thursday. April 26. Admix Sion. 2s.

(Continued foot of next column.)

These'are important days when surprisingeventsarehappeningin Europe andelsewhere. Youmaybe due fora pleasant surprise in theNo.253bChari. tiesConsultation. Firstprizeis£2,000.

Fremantle Branch

Rooms2,4, and7,ImperialChambers, ' 45 MARKET ST., FREMANTLE. Telephone L1958.

•

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES.

MONDAY:

8--9.30 p.m.: IIomecrafts. 7.30P.M.-9.30p.m.:Dressmaking.

TUESDAY: 7-S p.m.: Choir.

WEDNESDAY: 5.30--7 p.m.: Softball. 8--S.30 p.m.: Canteen-Social. THURSDAY: 7.30-9 pm.:

Cooking. S-9p.m.: Dramatics.

SATURDAY: 2.30-5 p.m.-

:Softball.

•

DRAMATICS.

We have started on acouple of new plays, so this is thechance forall you would-be actresses to bring out your talents. This activity is held in the roomseveryThursdaynight. Sodon't forget to come along next Thursday night. Rhona Edgar isin charge,and is really marvellous.

COOKING.

still running very smoothly, andisoneofcurmostpopular. The second course has not yet started, but will be opening about the beginning of next month. There are still afew vacancies for the next :ourse, so if you don't want to miss out come in and put yo Weekly Sweeps NOW OPEN 253b CHARITIES Consultation £009 1st PRIZE rl,kels 2/6 en -

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How Catholics Adore Christ in the Blessed Sacrament ...Benediction the Oldest of PrayerfulVigil ofthe Forty Hours,

It follows that since Christ is really present in the sacred element's, He can and ought to be adored there; just as Ile would be adored if Ile came again on earth in His natural human form. Ilene the Church causes the .sacred IIost(astheconsecrated breadis termed) tobe reserved inthe tabernaclesof the churches not only for the use of the sick, but to enable the faithful to pay theirdevotions toChrist there present. The service of Benediction is an act of this kind of reverence; the sacredYost beingthenexhibitedon the altar for adoration. Processions of the Blessed Sacrament are another form of this devotion. Clearly the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament cannot be charged with superstition or idolatry; for all the worship is directed to Christ's person, which is believed to he present byvirtueof Christ's own express words, understood in their plain literal sense. Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.

The oldestofthesedevotions is Bene. diction of the Blessed Sacrament. Its origin is not definitely known. We find traces of it back through the centuries until it is lost in the shadow'sof antiquity. Benediction may serve as aworthyconclusionofHoly Mass,or it "may be employed as an appropriate conclusion to Vespers, Compline, Stations of the Cross, or the Rosary. The manner of giving Benediction varies in different countries. In our country the Sacred Host is placed in agolden monstrance, while in other countries the blessing isgiven with the ciborium. The hymns, too, frequently vary, especially the opening hymn. We open usually with "0Salutaris Hdstia" and follow with "Tantum Ergo." The ora. tion or prayer of the celebrant, is a beautiful Eucharistic prayer, namely: "0 God, whohas leftusinthiswonder. ful Sacrament aperpetual memorial of Thypassion; grantusthe grace, webeseech Thee, so to venerate the sacred mysteries of Thy Body and Blood. that we may ever feel within us the fruit of Thy redemption. Who livest andreignestworldwithoutend.Amen."

Russian

Such Devotions

some way the bitterness Ifelt when Aly- Apostles abandoned Me, being unable to watch one hour with Me:

The service closes with the Divine Praises.

Holy Hour.

The Holy Hour, during which the Blessed Sacrament is exposed, is anotherform of Eucharisticdevotionthat has spontaneously spread amongst the faithful of all countries. And as with Benediction, to seek the origin of this devotion one must again look back through the vista of the nineteen centuries of Christianity. It was my good fortune to make the Holy Hour in the Garden of Gethsemane, from eleven to twelve midnight in 1930, commemorating the centenary since the Church placed her official stamp of approvalupon thisdevotion. Arrivingat Gethsemane's olive garden one's mind immediately travels back to the night when Christ opened the first Holy Hour with prayer, asking Peter, James and John to join with Him: "Watch and pray with Me." Had they not seen Jesus on `fount Thabor in His gloryat theTransfiguration? Had they notexclaimed with agenerousoutburst of enthusiasm: "Lord, it is good for us tobe here! Rabboni, letus make a tabernacle for Thee" (Luke, ix. 29 sqq.)? There they saw Him in His glory; nowtheyweretobehold Him on MountOlivetin Hisagony. But after an hour's sorrowful vigil the Master found His disciple-priests asleep. The gentle reprimand was brief: "What) Could you not watch one hour with Me?" (Matt. xxvi. 40).

This beautiful devotion received a new impetu's when, in the last century, both Christ and His Church publicly approved the exercises of the Holy Hour. While absorbed in prayer before the Blessed Sacrament, St. M°rgaret MaryAlacoque received this M23sage from her Divine Lord: "Every night, between Thursday and Friday, I will make you partaker of that sorrow unto death which it was My will to sufferin the Garden of'Olives....Join with Ate in the humble prayer when I then offered to My Father ... both to appease the anger of God by imploring mercy for sinners, and to sweeten in

"!Red"Terror"-Grips Poland

SOVIET RADIO SYSTEM INTRODUCED.

London, March 12,1945,—(P.A.T.j.—

The "Dziennik Polski," under the title, -

Terror in Poland," publishes the following details on the situation in Poland:

"We are to-day unable to have con• tact with Poland aswe had during the German occupation. TheGestapo carried out massterror,but wasunable to penetrate into the Polish Underground, they had no collaborators among Poles. The security service of Lublin is well trained by officers of the Russian N.K.V.D., and helped by Communist informers, acts with greatrat energy in order that nothing, or very little, should getout of Poland to the outsideworld. All thesame, alit. tle bit does get out. And from those bits of information, which flow in rare, thin streamlets through neutral coun• tries, we can easily imagine the ter• riblc truth that Poland has still not tasted freedom and that Poland still lives under terror. On the night of March2,threeweeksafter the announcement of the Crimea decision, agents of the security office shotseven people at Minsk Mazowiezki near Warsaw. Amongst those murdered was the Mayor of the Underground Administration. Thebodies were left lying in the street in order to terrorise the population. Arrests throughout the country continue incessantly. During interrogationspeoplearebeaten onthe knees and soles of their feet and are kicked in the stomach and hit on the

Sincethen, with the approvalof Holy Mother Church, there have come into being various groups of Religious and evenmenandwomenintheworld,who have made the Holy Houronecontinuous perpetual adoration by voluntarily takingtheir turn in adoring Jelsus constantly in His Eucharistic Presence. The inspiring example of agroup of men who have for decades kept their nightly vigils throughout the year at the Church of the Sacred Heart on Montmartre,Paris, has been emulated since then by untoldothers throughout the *orld. Pere Evmard (1811.1808), frequently spoken of as the Apostle of the Holy Eucharist, popularised the Ilolv_ Hour and Perpetual Adoration in our own beloved country.

'Forty Hours'Adoration.

The next Eucharistic Devotion that isknowntoevery Catholic,isthe Forty Hours. Like the Holy Hour, the Forty Hours' Devotion corresponds with the fourfold purpose of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass,namely, adoration, thanksgiving, reparation and supplication. The origin of the Forty Hours' Devotion is more recent than that of the preceding two Eucharistic devotions. It had its origin in Milan, Italv, aboutthe year 1534

.Afew years laterwe find St. Philip Neri, an ardent

promoterof Forty Hours devotion in Rome. Notlong afterwards Pope Clement VII. promulgated and established theForty Hours for the whole course of the yearthroughout the world.

Outside the Catholic Church this art. gelic worshit, this pure adoration of Jesus in the Bue ,

sed Sacrament, islost orunknown, _'eyond her pale, men may praise God a-ldress Him, ur peri`orm,other relug,,us acts of worship. But they cannot know nor make that special homaZe -,

,hieh His presence, as we possess it, inspire:—when, without aword spoken. sound uttered or a,

t performed, the soul sinks prostrate and annihilates itself before 'esus in the Eucharist; when we cast our entire being,our powers,gifts and briCit-1; ornaments as worthless rblation before His altar. This is uh:.t Nv are doing in ourchurch during the da: ^• the Forty Hours. The most nre.:uons jewels and decorations in on possessionarebrought forth and placed upon thealtar. The lights are morenumerous. the candles seem to shine more brightly,the floral decorations are moreconspicuous,andtheheartsofthe faithful seem more receptive to aper• F-onal message from the Prisonerofthe Tabernacle. In turn "I will fill this house with glory, saith the Lord of hosts ... and in this place Iwill give peace, saith the Lord of hosts" (Aggeus, ii. 10).

WhyisJapanAlmostEntirely Pagan?

head until they are unconscious. With regard to the Home Army, repressions and arrests continue. According to most careful accounts, up to the end of February of this year about 40,000 officers and men have been arrested. Their fate continues to rcmair, un• known. The N.K.V.D. authorities act in Poland like in aconquered country. Every appearance of independent Polish thought is suppressed. Yet, in spite of deportations and arrests, only aminute percentage of the population joins the Lublin services."

New York March 1S, 1915—(P.A.T. )

.

—The wave of persecutions and terror which is sweeping throughout Poland, •inee the Lublin Committee and the political Russian police control the jives of all citizens, is increasing. According to information received from Poland on March 8, the following pro. minent people have been arrested: JakoLowski and Michalowski, two leaders of the National Party: Lewan. dowski, delegate of the Polish Red Cross in the district of Warsaw: and two members of the Labour Party, Biega and Hoppe. Arrests are follow• edby tortures, and if the terror exert ed by the N.K.V.D. continues at the present rate, the Commission of Three will he unable to find any representa. tive Poles to assistin the formation of aprovisional government, NewYork, March 15, 1945—(P.A.T.).

—In all parts of Poland loud speakers arebeinginstalledon the approvedSoviet pattern to replace and eliminate privately owned radio sets. which have been prohibited.

Lorne

people. Sad testimony is to this fact and in the records ofSpanish and Portuguesecolonisation.

The Saddest ChapterinMfMionary History,

Perhaps the saddest chapter in the historyof missionary endeavour is that which depicts the blighting of the vigorous bloom of Christianity planted in Japanby St. Francis Xavier, and tended so valiantly by his successors, for mauv years. .Although the Flag did not actually, in the case of Japan, follow the Crdss, Trade did; and with dis. astrous effects. The traders were mainly English and Dutch merchants, LutheransandCalviniststoaman, and as such bitterly anti-Catholic. As far as they were concerned, they would rathersee the vastharvest of aJapan. est nation remain in untended paganism, than see it yield to the efforts of the Catholic missionaries who laboured so earnestly to cultivate it.

They Incited aPersecution.

Alleging,

that the missionaries were mainly Spanish Jesuits (and as such subjects of the hated Catholic emperor of the Netherlands) the Dutch merchants incited the Japanese sovereign against the Jesuits and their converts by persuading him that they were the auce guard of Spanish imperialism. When the Christians,in self-defence rose in revolt against the cruel tyrant, the Calvinist Dutch loaned their artillery to suppress the revolt. Their cooperationresultedinthebanishmentof the missionaries,and in the overthrow ofthe KingdomofChristinJapan.Missionarids were forbidden toset toot on Japanese soil under the pain of immediate death. Christianity was pro-

death, and foreign interventionin general was frowned on. The Calvinist traders who had brought about the downfall of Christianity inJapan, they and theirsuccessors were the sole exception to the general law prohibiting foreigners from entering the country. They were allowed to trade—on one condition.. .

AGhastly Condition.

The fact that we haveaJapan that 1scribed under penalty of torture and is to-day almost entirely pagan is due, not to lack of missionary zeal, nor to timidity on the part of the various Religion Ordersinfaceofbloodypersecution; it is due in themainto human greed. Trade invariably followed the flag intothose countriesthat were annexedor contacted inthefifteenthand sixteenth centuries, and Greed inevitably followed Trade. Missionaries begged Christian rulers to limit the powersof the early adventurers, whose one aim was to get rich, without thought, scruple or regard for the human rights of those they so ruthlessly exploited. Nothing hampered so seriouslythe efforts of thepioneer missionaries as the brutality of those adventurers, whu despoiled and butchered '

The condition was that before landing the traders perform the ceremony known tothe Japanese astheyefumL It is hard to believe that men calling themselves Christians could have accepted such aghastly condition. Yet the hard fact of history remains, explainithowyouwill. Forgenerations the Dutch merchants performed the ye fuml, apparently without scruple. And the ye Fumi meant trampling on the Crucifix! Yet once again Christ was bartered for filthy lucre.

No Excuse.

"Protestant writers;"commentsahis. torian,"have thought to palliate this sacrilege of the Dutch by saying that they did not believe in images; but was

that fact an excuse for defiling them? Andthe Hollandersknew well that the Japanese pagans regarded the trampling on the Cross as equivalent toarenunciation ofChristianity.These sentry, however little theyknew ofthe New Testament, had acertain superficial acquaintance with the Old; and they must have remembered the story Of Elenzar and the food offered to the idols, even though they might not have known that Christ reprobates those who are ashamed of Him," Parson, "Studies in Church History.")

The merchants themselves maintain. ed that the ye fumi was only amere techu,icality, but was it?

S.I.C. Old Boys'

Members of the S.I.C. Old Boys' Association are advised that competitive hockey will recommence this year and it team has been nominated to parti& pate.

All members wishing to take part in this excellent sport are cordially invited to contest the Secretary,V. Brand, c/o Co-Op. Bulk Handling Ltd., WelIington-street,Perth, or Mr, J. H. O'1lalloran, 4S St. George's Terrace, Perth.

biscrimi

"LADIES IN RETIREMENT."

This play, written by Edward Percy and Reginald Denham, is the current production at the' Perth Repertory Clu'btsTheatre. The play will be presented on each Friday and Saturday during April, and all proceeds will go to patriotic and charitable organisations.

"Ladies in Retirement" starts off with pretensions to being astudy in human psychology. LeonaraFiske,agay redhead, verging on middle age,who has been in the chorus and probably kept adiary on the principle that it would one day keep her, has retired to an oldhotlseinthe marshesof theThames estuary with her spinster friend, Ellen Creed, who is the sole support of two elder"potty" sisterts, Louisaand Emily. Leonora is induced to allow them to come to stay. When, however, Emily findsmoralobjectionstoLeonora'spast life andLouisacontinuallyexhibits the immoderate moderationofaModerator in her views as regards Catholics in general, and Leonorain particular, and as they are general nuisances, Leonora, unable to control the situation determines to turn them out. Thisnaturally arouses the loyalty and compassion of Ellen. A battle royal ensues, and Ellenstrangles herfriendwhileshe Is sitting at the piano trying over a tune from "The Mikado."

Having put the body in a disused oven and bricked it up, Ellen gives it outthat themurdered womanhasgone away on aholiday,and tells her sisters she has bought the house. Complications then arise with the dead woman's bank, the nearby convent, and an unscrupulous young nephew of thespinsterswhohascommitted aburglary,has the police after him, and makesthehouse his sanctuary. By a series of ruses he forces Ellen, who, incidentally is going through hell on earth since the murder, to confess the crime then blackmails her; but when she makes it clear that a desperate woman who has committed one murder would find a second no great bother, he decides to accept her offer ofafree ticket to Canada. The housemaid,whoisprivy to the crime and in lm-ewith the nephew, rushesafter him.

Anun sister. Theresa, reports that the islice a,

enear by, and Ellen, now almostaspent force, sees thefutility of carrying on the fight with her conscience, deserts her sisters. and runs out of the house, presumably to meet the police.

lialf wav through the audience's attention isshifted from the human problem and fneussed on the umuder hunt between Ellen and her nephew, but one is forcers to admire the skill of the authorsin inventing new devices to replace the shop-worn :situations of the conventionalcrimestory. Alsoworthy of admiration was the consistent cmotional tension of I'slsic McCallum,as the protective sister. Ihad the pleasure of seeingthe celebratedEnglish actress, Marie Ney, as Ellen Creed at the Theatre Roval, Sydnev, in 1911, and Ido not think Miss McCallum's excellent portrayal suffers much in the comparison. Muriel Weick and Judy Mary Craig were atouching pair as the sister's, sharply differentiated in their mental obsessions. Mrs. TT.E. Braine, asLeonoraFiske,gaveanadequate per. formance, but was inclined to tumble her lines at times. This was only in the first not. (She ova's acorpse in the remaining two acts!) Mrs. R. Goyne Miller, as Sister Theresa, was just toodivine and holy,and Thalf expected her to he assumed into Heaven wellbefore the final act Tncidentall-, he must have had a strange agreementwithhersuperior,assheappeared obe able to roam the enuntrvsideday and night unaccompanied Perhaps hings were different in 1RR5! Ben

nations

Sainken, as the oily Albert Feathe, could not properly decide whether to be Albert Feather or Ben Sainken. Mostly he was the latter, which was rather detrimental to aplay dealing with theaforesaid A.F. Celia Reith,as Lucy,gave probably her best performance to date,and although the part nvasstereotypedasmostmaidpartsare in plays(don't ask me why), she handled the part with ease. Michael Eustace, as Bates, had an extremely smallpart,butplayedit with hisusual corgpetence. One would like to see Mr. Edstace in aworth-while part.

Theplaywasproducedby Mr. Frank 11. Day. Iunderstand that this gentleman hashad 17 years experience of the stage in New York and Hollywood prior tothe outbreakHof war, and that he is now stationed temporarily in Perth on war-time duties. This is good news for theatre fans here. Mr. Day has made an excellent job of "LadiesinRetirement," and oneawaits any future efforts with keen and real anticipation.

—"•GROUCIIO."

ARMY EASTER FESTIVAL.

An entertainment of outstanding merit was presented in the Asssembly Hall, Pierrstreet, recently, by personnel of various units of Western Command. The Easter play, "!Nicodemus," by Andrew young, was the piece de resist ance, and this was followed by four scenes from the life of Christ depicting His appearance to His disciples after His Resurrection. These scenes were pnrtraved in mime and were accompanied by anarrator reading from the Gospels.

That apurely religious theme should be used at all as avehicle for public entertainment is in itself amazing enough in these hard-boiled times; that such an entertainment should be prepared and sponsored by the Army increas=es the importance of the event tremendously. From this aspect alone the performancedeserves awidepublicity it is pleasing to be able to report, however that, judged from other avgles as teell, the army production waz amarked success.

The idea emanated from the Chaplaind;eneral's Department at Land ileadquarters(Melbourne). It was felt very trisely, that about the time of the great solemn feasts of the year, Christmas and Easter, aspecial effort ought tobe madeby-theArmy to bringhome forcih1v to it'.; members the reality of spiritual values which are apt to be neglected in an organisation which exists primarily for the purpose of killing people. In this State the suggestion wastakenup by theAssistant-Controller of A.W.AS„ Mainr E. Clancy, and the heads of A.A.N.S, and the AA.MA1',S., with the enthusiastic support of Lieutenant R. V. \fain, of the ArmyEducation Service.

Many trials and disappointments lay ahead of Lieut.\lain on whom fell chiefly the task of organising theEaster Festival. Eventually a producer for"Nicodemus" was found in the person of S/Sgt.James Quinn, of 110 (Perth) Military Hospital. The gathering togetherof alarge cast was aslow and worrying business, for not only were very few competent players available, but the reluctance of inexperienced people to take to the stage was a constantbarto progress. Tn addition, achoirhadtobe found and trained.

In thehecticweeksimmediatelyprior to production itlooked many times as if theenterprisewould have tobeaban. doned. But pertinacity won the day. A.W.S. (Army Women's Services) and A.A.F,S. (Australian Armv Education Service) co-operated splendidly to achieve afinal result which was excel

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LEAVE CASTLEDARE and CLONTARF, 5p.m.,or earlier if necessary.

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lent. The show went on, with Mr. Claude Langsford, of the Metropolitan Gleemen, in charge of the choir, and with S/Sgt.Quinn,aformer memberof the Independent Players, not only producer of "Nicodemus," but obliged by circumstances to appear inthe lead. ing role.

"Nicodemus" is avigorously written dramatic account of certain events which are related in the New Testament. The story is not alwaysGospel troth, but the central facts are well established. The play has three scenes, and each is prefaced by a prelude showingJohn in his old age writing his Gospel. Major Parry brought asuitable air of dignity mixed with kindly humanity to this role. In Scene I. Nicodemus is much moved by his first meeting with Jesus (off stage), We here make the acquaintance of John as ayoung man (Sgt. Mulgrue), of Simon Peter and Judas, and a blind beggar,whomJesusis later to healand who figures largely in the play. In Scene II. we are silent witnesses to a meeting of the Sanhedrin and to the failure of Nicodemus to confess himself adisciple of Christ. Saul (Sergt. McCorkhill) isbroughtbefore the council and reveals himself as avenomous persecutor of the Christians. In this lively scene Annas (Lieut. Woods) was amemorable figure, and Caiphas, the High Priest(Caps. Garland), was al. most equallystriking. As members of the Sanhedrin personnelof A.W.S. were cunningly disguised, and Sgt. Blunt doubled effectively to be the Clerk of Assembly.

An impressive climax is reached in Scene 111,whento thesoundofheavenly musicand agreat wind,the stone of the sepulchre moves slowly from side to side and is completely rolled away in asudden blackout. The action resumes on adarkened stage with light streaming from the entrance to the tomb. Nicodemus itsdiscoveredkneeling in prayer, the once blind beggar crouching in fear, and the Roman guards flung prostrate and unconscious The dramatic suspense is so gripping nt this point that in my view it was a great pity that the action was allowed to dawdle on to acomparatively tame conclusion. Nicodemus dismisses his awe-struck companion and addresses a long speech to the risen Christ, ending with the well-known words of Our Lord: "Iam the Resurrection and the Life: TTe that helieveth in Me though he were dead, vet shall he live: and whnsoever liveth and helieveth in Me shall never die."

It seems almost aheresy to suggest improvements inaperformanceofsuch great merit, but Ipersonally feel that this famous quotation should have been preceded by a gradually' rising tempo swellingtoacrescendo, and that the w•nrdsthemselves should have been ,

pnken in(lean silence and in alow but audible monotone. The dramatic effect at the curtain would have clinched nvery fine piece of work.

The mimes which followed the play were also of ahigh order. and reflected much credit on Lieut. Ruth Main who directed them. This part of the pro. gramme was entirely the work of members of the A.W.A,S, and A.A.M 1CS. and was afitting sequel to the play. The scenes depicted included the visits of Mary 11Iagdalen and other disciples to the Sepulchre on the morningof the Resurrection, the appearance of Our Lord to His followers gathered together in the Upper Room forfear of the Jears, His appearance again by Sea of Tiberius, and finally His Ascension into Heaven The Narrator who accomphnied the mimes spoke in adeep rich voice, with an inflection of tone which was very suitable for the occasion.

The whole of the proceedings in this novel and interesting entertainment gained in effectiveness through the solid support given by amixed choir of 10 voices, aided by atrio composed of Sgt. Jessie Wakefield, pianiste, Miss WendyTylercellist,and W/OVaughan Hanly, violinist. During the play the choir rendered "God So Loved the World," from "The Crucifixion," and "0 Come Unto Ile; during the mime portraying the Ascension.

Congratulations are due to produrer Quinn for the many,

touches of good generalship~n evidence throughout tb. show. The obligation to build up atmosphere lay heavy on him from the start,andwise movesintherightdirection were the relegation of the choir

Wednesday,Aprll 18, 1946. and orchestra to an unseen position backstage,and thedecisionnotto per. mit applause during the performance. Flood lights and spots were used to good advantage; indeed the lighting. like the costuming,was an important feature of the production. The costumes were supplied by Mrs. Pannett A.A. Amenities Service, Lore

to

Con. vent, and L.H.Q. Army Chap. Dept. The scenery wasmade and painted by members of the Army Education Service.

It is along time since anything so daring as this religious dramatic festival has been attempted in Perth. Cynics sooffed at the idea when it was first rumoured, and even critics whose goodwill was not in question were affrighted by the prospect and gloomilypredictedacompleteflop. Thatan entirely amateur and largely inexperienced body of players drawn from a prosaic institution such as the Army should achieve such aremarkable success with audiences that have become inured to licentiousness and third-rate drawing room farces,is atribute at once to theplayers and to the zeal of theorganisers. It is to be hoped that thiswelcomebreakfrommonotonywill have its repercussions in the right quarters.

It is, unfortunately,impossible to record the namesof allnvho participated in the Easter Festival,but apart from thosementioned above, the programme shows that Capt. Easton played the blind man, W.O. Turner was Simon Peter, and minor roles were filled by Capt. McKissock Lieut. Harrison, Cpl. Pollett, and Pte. Young. Asolo item between scenes,"IKnow That My Redeemer Liveth," was sung confidently bySgt. Norman.

—DE GUSTIBUS.

IngridBergmanto StarinSt.Mary MagdalenFilm

Ingrid Bergman has been chosen to play the part of St. Mary Magdalen in aHollywood production by the David O. Selznick Film Company based on the best-selling novel "The Scarlet Lily'" written by Father Edward Mur. phy, S.J., of New Orleans.

The- book, which won the Bruce-Extension Prize Novel Contest recently, was first serialised in"Extension Magazine," publishedby theCatholic Church Extension Society. It is Father Murphv's first novel.

Father Murphy, aparish priest as well as director of the religion and psychologydepartmentsof Xavier Uni. versity, New Orleans, has already won literary fame with his"New Psychology and Old Religion,"describedatthe time of its publication as one of the best bookson thesubject ever written.

"The Scarlet Lily," published by the Bruce Publishing Company, of Milwaukee, is avery imaginative "life" of the saint of whom actually very little is known. A bitter hatred of Christ from the time when her baby brother is slain during the Massacre of the Innocents, according to Father Murphy's novel, warps her mind and turns her to alife of pleasure and luxury from which she is eventually won back, first through her part in the martyrdom of St. John the Baptist.

Not Satisfactory.

Later the saintmeetsOur Lord Ilimself and immediately forsakes every. . thing to follow Him. Her belief that Christ intends the overthrow of Roman rule and the restoration of Palestine to theJews isgradually shattered, until in the climax*of His Passion nothing but her faith in His Ifeavenlv Kingdom remains. The book ends with Our Lady and the:Magdalene consoling each other at the footof the.Cross.

New Testament episodes and quotatinns are freely adapted to this plot, which on the whole appears to be reasonably logical, though the book is written in an uninteresting style. The utterly overwhelming Presence of Our Lord is not sufficiently stressed, and Our Ladv appears as afrail wisp hovering in the background. Biblical incidents are used rather oddly. Imaginative phrases by Our Lord are ire vented by the author. Some passages, on the other hand, particularly the description of the Crucifixion, are poignantly beautiful.

high Wass for Americar

s'We[are

Roosevelt--"amanofChristianidealsand.principles"

TheCrossas aGift fromGod Bonds of Friendship Tempered

By Common Loss

—The 11 o'clockMass at St.Mary's Cathedral last Sundaywas a Solemn High Mass, to beg'God's blessings on the American nation in the crisis caused by the deathofPresident Roosevelt. Rev.Father McGillicuddy was celebrant,withRev. Father D. Strange(U.S.A.Chaplain) asdeacon,andRev. FatherDonnellyassub-deacon, Rev. Father O'Farrell carried out the duties of master f

y)and Very Rev. sent t

nFattiesRedditheSanctuanAdm. Adelaide). were Rev. FatherBrockma (DutchNavy) the official guestswere theLfeutenant ,

Governor (Sir James Mitchell).theMinisterforRailways (Hon. E. Nulsen, M.L.A.), representing the State Government; Major A. G. Herbert(WesternCommand),theAir Officer Cotnmanding Western Area (Air Commodore Brownell), and Wing Commander Smith, iArge number of American officers and servicemen was in reserved places. TheAmerican NavalChaplain ,

Rev. Father D. J.

Strange, preached la theoccasionalsermonasfollows: —

Wehavegatheredtogetherthismorn. served so well, he publicly acknowledgingbeforeGod'saltartomourntheloss ed the necessit

y of

God's help. His cfagreatleaderand to beseech Al- address on the sombre day of invasion mighty God through that prayerof in- wasaprayertoGod. finite value, which is the Mass ,

for the Followin

ghis lead,

letus trust inthe welfare of America in this tragic hour. all powerful Providenceof God for the And notonly for the welfare of Ame r-

successful outcome of oureffortsinthe ica do we pray, but also for apeace achievement of the goal which he ha; governedbyjustice and charity, which set. will redound to the welfare of all peo- of"Truourt in

pared with the glory to come that will be revealed in us,"

Trusting inGod, let us pour out our energiesinthe achievementof that for which we can astruly say he gave hislifeasifhedied on abattlefieldof Europe,

there in arms. Two great nations grieveforacommonleaderastheyare united in a common purpose• The PrimeMinistersummedupthefeelings of Australia when he said,"This is a sad day for the Unitedstates of America, it Is asad dayfor the world, because countless millions have lost a greatfriendandcounsellor. IAststralia willnot forget him forhis sympathy, understanding, and great help in the dark days of our trial."

"WeprayThee,OGodofmight,wisdomand justice,throughwhomauthority is rightly administered, laws are enacted, and judgments decreed, assist, with Thy Holy Spirit of counsel and fortitude, theleadersoftheUnitedNations and the new President of the United States, that their leadership may be highly useful to the people over tw•hom they preside, to the end that peace based on justice and charity may again be the heritage of the freedom loving peoples of the world. Let the light of Thy divine wisdom direct them in their deliberations'so that they may attend to the achievementbf alasting peace.

Holy d" mea

er

n sin

is t

, he words ples of the earth.

Unto the achievement of this ideal abandonmentof ourselves.with all the did our great leader lavishly expend f

orc

eofourwill- en spite appearances all doubts o those resources of human energy, y:PP which death has intervened to demand trary, to the wisdom, the infinite love sountimely areckoning. Untimelydo of God. It means believing that Isay? Yes,butfrom apurelyhuman nothing in thisworld escapes His Propointofview, As Christians wehum• vidence; that nothing great or small blybow ourheadsto thisunsearchable happenswhichisnotfor=_een, wishedor decreeof Divine Providence,whichhas permitted, directed always by

or the Pacific. That ideal is freedom based on the democratic way of life and peace governed by justice and charity.

In thishourofourbereavement the friendship between Australia and Am erica,forgedinthefiresofwar,isbeing evenmorefinely tempered in thetears ofourcommonloss. Theuniversalexpression of sorrowandsympathyfrom thepeopleofAustraliahas been deeply appreciated by their American bro-

We pray for the soldiers and sailors of.the United Nations, especially for those who are now in battle. Give them courage to fight bravely; grant them the spirit of sacrifice that their hardships and sufferings may be meritorious inThysight.

Finally, we pray Thee, O Lord of mercy, to remember the souls of all those whohavedied inbattle,who are gone before us with the sign of faith, and repose in thesleepof peace. To these,OLord, andtoallthat rest in Christ, grant, we beseechThee, aplace of refreshment, light, and everlasting peace, through the same Jesus Christ , ourLordandSaviour.

Proremoved from us aleader relentless in vidence to its exalted ends, which are high purpose,upon whom we leanedas always inspired by love for men. ourtowerofstrength.

Through thelesseningofFaith inmen's

After the firstshock of thisloss.and hearts, menare driven tojudge asevil allthesufferingsofthiswar,letusturn all the misfortunesofthisearth. They evenmore resolutelyto the Providence have forgotten that suffering standsat ofGod which has thus far so favour• the threshold of life as the way tl . ably prospered our sacrifices in this leads to the smiles of the cradle; they world conflict for freedom and ju stice. have for

gotten that it

is more often President Roosevelt was a man of than not the shadow of the Cross of Christian ideals and principles. In Cal•ary thrownon the path ofthe Re1911 he had said,"To-day the whole surrection; they have forgotten that world is divided luetween human slav- the Cross is frequently agift ofGod, a eryandhumanfreedom,betweenpagan gift which is needed in order to offer brutality and the Christian ideal. We to the Divine Justice our share of ex• choose human freedom which is the piation; thev have forgotten that the Christian ideal." From the very begin- rmly real evil is the sin that offends ning, in those dark daysof world wide God: they have forgottAl what the economic depression, when first lie as- Apostle says: "The sufferings of the .urned the leadership of the people he presenttime are

_ C Catil"Olic Social Gui] ,

Jl

Thatthelaityis avital force in the struggle for the survival of ChristianityinWesterncivilisationandprobably throughout the world, has been made obvious in recent years by the present Pope, as the theme that runs through every exhortation made by him from his"5untini Pontificatu up to the g

reat Encyclical on theNlvstical Body, is thatthelaity mustcome tothefore.

The main issues confronting the Church to-day are of every-day life, in society,in theworld. Politics, the relation between the State and free human beings, social justice, education, the family, international peace, etc.

notworthytobecom-

I'liese are largely layproblems and are fields of action inwhich the laity have more opportunity and arebetter equip ped than theclergy. They mix more, have more experience in worldly affairs. and talk man-to-man.

But afar greater incentive to en. courage the laity is that the world in which we live is progressively secularist. It does not deny the Church; it does noteven recognise it.

Political success is not required of the clergy; politics are not anecessary oreven useful spiritual task, bound up with the priesthood. The Church has to face apolitical social issue of decisive importance, by implication, for its continued existence as aspiritual society in a completely secularist world. This istue must be meton its own level—aCatholic lay force over and againstasecularlayforce.

Thelaity may notstand outin their work, but their achievements nobility, and hidden heroisms will form one ofthemainstrandsofthegreatpattern of redemption when it is unfolded in the gloryofChrist.

The Catholic Social Guild isarecog. nised organised Catholic Action force, and would be pleased to hear from men interested in this work. Those who are not in aposition actively to participate mayhelp by subscribing. Subscription is 26s, per annum, payable yearly, half-yearly, ormonthly.

Established 1874.

Official Organof the Archdiocese of Perth.

a

Addressall communicationsto the Editor, Box A35, G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH, TELEPHONE: B6950.

PERTH, NVEDNESDAY, APRIL. 18, 1945.

Roosevelt's Passing

Death camefor President Roosevelt with such merciless swiftness that the peoples of the world forgot in their shock that they should have been prepared for such an eventualit y

in athan who had long been the victim of an insidious disease. It was not the least of the late President's triumphs that by sheer will-power, courage, and an undaunted faith in aprovidential mission he was able, with an enfeebled body, to carry one of the most responsible offices in the world. Apart altogether from his part—and it was alarge one—in moulding the shape of things to come, it was the vivid personality of Roosevelt as amail which captured the iutag;nation of millions outside his otvn country. He seemed afriend to the smallfolk who live amongsmall thing,, as in thedays when the absolute monarchies were sound.

It wouldbean impertinence,and in auv case unnecessary' to an appreciation of the man, to discuss the technicalities and the modusoperandi ofthe New Deal. But what is important i, to unJerstand the nobility of motive• the practical sympathy, and the resolute',gill wbi ,

1- inspired the President, according to his liglits, to strike a!Aow for the common people of his country, and ultimately of the whole earth. Whether it were prudent directly to ::ntagonise entrenched big business or to tinker with the judiciary, nonecan doubt that Roosevelt'ssocial ideals sprangfrom agenuine loveofthe poor and adetermination to make the word "democrat" something morelivingthan thenameofapolitical party. He had realised whatis so littleappreciated amongstatesmen,that political freedom without economic independence is asham and adelusion.

s ■

We Australians have especial cause of gratitude that aman of oosevelt's vision and decisionofjudgment stood in the first place in America when our own crisis impended. Whatever misunderstandings may have occurred between our two nations—and nothing is gained by burking the truth—there is yet agreat deal more dividing us than divorcing its. And yve ackuo\vledge with full hearts the timely aid from America that enabled its to repel the invader from our very threshold. But for that assistance it seemsthatwewouldhave been doouted to extinction. Now Ave in our turn are willing and able to put forward anot inconsiderable effort to aidthe Americans utterly to subduethe enemy. In making us safe they ensured theirown preservation, and *

\vc are :Mies in theconsolidation of that position.

Of his participation in world affairs it were better perhaps to let posterity judge. Unhappily he seethed unable, like so many warm-hearted andgreat-minded men, to formulate auniversal pliosophy which would prompt him to proceed along clearly defined principles. It is indeed amournful reflection that the end of his life should have been overshadowed by the crime aga

in s

tPoland, for he, of all men, could have done most to prevent it. But de mortuis nil nisi bonunt. President Roosevelt has gone before a more just and exacting judge than the public opinion of his day orofthegenerations to come. Weprayfor the reposeofhis soul, for the preservation of\vital was good and godly inhis life's work, for guidance for his successor, for the peace of the world founded in the immutable orinciples of justice and charity.

S.I.C.Old Boys'Annual Retreat

Arrangementsareinhandforthe Re. treat to be held as usual at the Redemptorist lfonastlery, North Perth, on the week-end of May 12 and 13. This year we have had to forego the usual May Day holiday week-end for thefirst time. Thechange isunavoid. able, the reason being that the Re. demptoristFatherswillbeexperiencing avisitation from the Consultant General of their Order for the two weeks that cover our usual date—so it is im. possible for them to meet our con. venience. However. the Fathers have suggested we take the week-end commencing May 12, this being the nearest date theycould accommodate us.

Not having the usual two full days of Sunday and Monday for Retreat, it hasbeensuggested we

commenceabout 5p.m. on Saturday, Mav 12, and have two conferences that evening—one before, the other after, supper. We could then have four conferences on the Sunday, which would make up the usual six for the Retreat. It would then conclude Sunday night or early MondaymorningtosuitRetreatants.

Further notice will be given later should any alteration in the com• mencement time be made.

Intending Retreatants should ring Mr. Jack O'Halloran(135MM, or Mr. George Jeffs(1,2,381).

Catholic Sociologist TakestoHustings

I.

'

toe ArcObiocoso

ARCHBLSHOP'S ENGAGEMENTS.

April 29—

Canonical Visitation and Confirma. tion at St. Joseph's Church, Queen's Park,

May6—

Official opening of"Marian Lodge," Kalamunda.

May 13—

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church, Busselton.

May 20(PentecostSunday):

11 a.m.: Pontifical High Mass, St. Mary's Cathedral.

3p.m.: Confirmation of adults, St. Mary's Cathedral.

May243.15 p.m.: AttendAnnual Meeting of Catholic Women's League.

May 27,

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Kieran's Church, Osborne •' Park.

May 29-

9.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn Office and Requiem Mass, St. Mary's Cathedral: Anniversary of the late Archbishop Clune.

May909.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High ,!ass at"Glendalough," on the occasion of theGolden Jubilee of one of the Community of the Little Sister's ofthe Poor.

SOUTH PERTH PROCESSION

P7RSTSUNDAYINMAY.

Christophetollollis, the well-known Catholic writer and economist, is to stand for Parliament at the next gen eral election as Conservative candidate for Devizes, Wiltshire. At present a squadron-leader in the R.A.F., 11r Hollis has asked for his release from the service so that he can begin pre• parations for his parliamentary cam. pnign.

Forty-two years old, he is an old litonian and aformer president of the Oxford Union, Ile has taught at Stonyhurst and Downside, and spent some yearsjustprior to the war doing economic research at Notre Dame Uni. versity,Indiana. He haswritten over adozen books, the most famous of whichis"ForeignersAren't Fools." lie forejoiningthe R.A.F. hebecame adi• rectorofBurns,Oatesand Washbourne, the Catholic publishing house.

Catholic Broadcasts

Sunday, April 15—

St. Patrick's, Fremantle: Evening Devotions at 7.30 p.m. Preacher: Rev. D. Breslin, O.M.I. Choirs of Parry Street Primary School and St. Joseph's High School. Organist::hiss K. Droney.

Sunday, May 6—

St. Mary'sCathedral_ Missa Cantata, 11 a.m. Preacher: Rev. A. Lynch, The Catholic Answer: Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Sta. tions 6PR and 6TZ.

Now that victory is within sight in the European theatre ofwar, allof us, as Children od Mary, the Queen of Peace,willbeeagertoexpressourgrati• tildeandshowourloveofher,towhom we have appealed with confidence in thedarkestday'softhewar. InSouth Perth,ontheafternoonofthefirstSun. day in May, May6,we hopetodoher honour, and we invite all who may wishto come to join usthat day. ,The special sermon will be preached bythe Rev.FatherFrankO'Connor,of Fast Victoria Park. The cadets from Aquinas College will form the guard of honour_ The local sodality and visiting members of the Children of Mary trill have the place of honourat the headofthe procession. After the ceremony thevisitingChildrenofMary areinvitedtoafternoon teabythe parish sodality.

Aspecial place in the procession immediatelyindrontof the canopy, is rererved for men and womenin uniform.

The procession will leave St. Columba's Church, Forrest-street, at 3 p.m., move along Forrest-street into Yorkstreet. and then into the convent grounds, where Benediction will be given.

Arrival of Jesuits from Abroad

Eight Jesuit priests arrived in Sydney recently from England and Eire, where they had been completing their studies. Six are Australians, and two are natives of Eire who are attached to the Australian Vice-Province of the Society of Jesus.

Thefollowingare the names of the priests:

Rev. F. Dennett, S.J.. of Moonee Ponds,Victoria.

Rev. J. O'Shaughnessy, S.J., Eire.

Rev. T. Bourke, S.J., Adelaide, S.A.

Rev. L. Cardiff, S.J, Hawthorn, Vic.

Rev. L. Harper, S.J., Lavender Bay, N.S.N.

Rev. J. McNamara, S.J., Richmond, Vic.

Rev. K. O'Sullivan. S.J., Warwick, Queensland.

There werethirty-sixpriestsinallon this ship. The remaining twenty. eight were all for the diocesan clergy of Australia and New Zealand. We have no further particulars of them.

Without`APOLOGY

It cannot be repeated too often that the Catholic Church holds no brief for prudery. It was no part of Church policy, for example, to suppress discussion of sex for the Church has consistently stood out against the blanichees, on the one hand, who held that marriagewasevil, andthemoderns,on the other, who hold that marriage is unbridled licence. It is' rather the Puritans who are responsible for the revoltagainst purity. ThePuritan always imagined it was better to be strict than to be loose. It seems never to have occurred to him that there was amiddle way where sweet reasonableness interpreted God's moral law in away which recognised God's infinite intelligence. Asimilar line of argumentmay bemade against the modern sensualists. They are

LyFRANCIS G ILB ERT

vrong for the same reason—they are extremists. There is still the middle way in which virtue is found.

Hence, for allour opposition to prudery, we still believe in-the virtue of modesty. Anditseemstomeatleast amajorbreach of that virtue to have apublic discussion in the presson the subject of"test tube babies" or artificial insemination. These matters may be appropriately aired in theological quarterlies or in medical and legal journals, but in the present parlousstate of educationand publicmorality it isadangerousbusinesstopublish abroad. Of course, Ican see the opposition preparing to pounce and to assure

me that Archbishop Griffen opened the discussion. But let me anticipate such ariposte by saying that the Archbishop would never have r!onc so had there notbeen arampage in the English press. The puzzle is why it should have received such no,icc locally, seeing that it was not to any extentbefore the public previously.'!'here is nothing very new about the whole business. which will be adisappointment to those who like to be up with the times. Stripped ofits fancy title(which is so dear to the modern scientific mind in its flight from morality), the practice is simply to be described by the ugly word "adultery." ;t;

coorl-ii.ncd by Rome nearly 50 yearsago. Moreover, thepublicinter. est in such things is simply morbiditydeliberately encouraged. It might be different if the practice concerned harmonised with the moral law and were more or less of general application. But the whole thing is abnormalmorally and medically, and so far as human lxings are concerned, the good consciences and healthy thoughts of the laity will be hest served by for. getting all about it.

One of the chief interests of life to those who believe in the obvious doctrine of Original Sin is the constant expectancy of Something Breaking Out. In thisrespect the thing that is most immediately under one's nose is theframingof,and theattemptsto enforce, thecivillaw. Withthe increasing oomplexity of modern life and the utterfailureofthe majorityofmen'to measure upto the perfectibility ofoutsidethings,it follows that thecivillaw is rapidly becoming impossible to know,letalonetoobserve. This difficulty is not, however, confined to the layman. It pervades the courts themselves. So thatnoonehasreally anv title to surprise at thewide variation inpenaltiesimposedbytheCourts for crimes of apparently equal gravity. And to make confusion twice confounded it wouldappearthatoffencesagainstpropertyare farmoreheavily penalised than crimes against the person.

This latter aspect is understandable in thelightofhistory. For the ancient Common Law of England was in its origins based upon Roman and Canon Law, but since the advent of Capitalism has been modified by the rich to suit theirownconvenience. And one ofthekeynotesofCapitalism,aseverybodyknows,isthefacilityof regarding r,

wmaterialinafar higherlight than the human "factor" in production. There is another peculiarity—this time of law-enforcement. We allknow, from even aslight knowledge of the past, howeasy it is for the law toex^eed the hounds of reason. All during the nineteenth century the larw grew increasingly harsher, not only in its enactments,but in therigourof its enforcement. The establishment of

Police Force as anormal feature of society did much to mitigate this state of affairs. But in our day the tendencyis for thelawtoexceedasregardenactments,and to fail in theenforcement. Perhaps it ispurelyawartimephenomenon,but suchmattersas the administration of the Licensing Laws seem to be left entirely to the discretion of publicans- The police are quick enough to make sure that hotels do not open after 6 p.m., but publicans can apparently close at any timeduringthedaywithouttheslightrtnotificationof theirintentiontothe general public. Similarly the bottle trade and the sale of cigarettes are a nasty hole-in-the-corner business. It is timely,now that such awholesome clean-up has been made of the two-up and S.P.rackets, thatthe policeshould intervene inthe interests of thepeople against the arbitrary conduct of publi. ,ans. Itmay seem only asmall matter, but in the large view it is symptomatic of the whittling down of our liberties.

Clubs'Social Night,

The monthly Clubs' social is proving most popular and successful. Xavier boys were excellent hdsts on Sunday last, providing an enjoyable anddiversifiedevening'sentertainment.

Ahigh light was the comical sketch written and produced by the boys themselves. Their antics convulsed the audience. An innovation was the community ringing in competition, girls and boys taking turn about.

The dance band is improving with every appearance.

Catholic Women's League.

The monthly meeting and social attracted afair attendance of members, "Work for the Seminary" is the order of the month. The next meeting and socialwill beheld on May 14. Children ofMary.

Attendance on Sunday morning was good. The girls met for the monthly meetingat2.30,butit wasdecidedthat in future the meeting would be held at 7o'clockin the evening,asthistime suited the great majority better. All members are therefore asked to bear the altered time in mind, in future 7 p.m.

.every third Sanday.

SAMBA.

Several new flibernians have been initiated during recent weeks. The next meeting will be held on Monday evening next. April 23.

LegionofMaryBarbecue.

Theoutdoorfunctionforactivemem. bersof theLegionof Mary attached to "Our Lady of Perpetual Succour" curia will take the formofabarbecue this year. The barbecue will be held on theeveningof Anzac Day,April25, and willbe for members of senior and intermediate praesidia only. Acommitteeis dealing with the problems of transport and destination, etc.

Now Fascism is Ended What Next?

Prevailing' Fashion of Communist Absolutism

By A. K.CHESTERTON.

Fascism asavehicle of policyis not only discredited; it is largely destroy edby its ownhand.Thewineofpower went totheheadsofitsleadersandestablished what some of us before had questioned—the truth that absolute powercorrupts. ThustheGermaninvasion ofCzechoslovakia(asIsuggestedinthe"WeeklyReview"atthetime) wastheactofapower-corruptedmind, as was the dastardly jackal-attack on France by Italy. Both, it has transpired, werealsoactsof suicide.

Little of the popular Fascist technique is likelyto survive—the shirtsand the standards and the salutes and all the other pomp and circumstance of political pageantryaredestined for the grave, not toberesurrectedexceptpossibly by the extreme Left-Wing. For it is to be noted that inthe prevailing fashion of the day little criticism is heard of Communist absolutism, and until that fashion changes it, is to be expected that every extravagance of the Left (perhaps including Tommyguns!) will not only be allowed but applauded, whereas every spurt of activity from the Right will be pounced upon and held up to public contempt as aneo-Fascist manifestation.

Not that Fascism was ever amovement of the Right—afactwhichstill escapestheattentionoftheentireLeftWing, with perhaps the solitary exception of fir. Bernard Shaw! Hence to the somewhat jejune thought of Bloomsbury even Liberals of the lais-

sez-fairs schools such as Sir Ernest Benn are still frequently charged with sympathyforacreedmhichtheyabominatedwith all their hearts and which they castigatedwithout mercy.

The truth is that Fascism was arevoltbymenwhodetestedbothcapitalism and communism and who sought instead toestablish the national interest above all sectional interests. Inside Fascism,itistrue,therewasboth aright andaleft wing, butthedynamic urge wassupplied by the left—at any rate until such timesasthe social significanceof the Fascist movements abroad was lost in national megalomania and the war-psychosis.

Before this happened thechiefobjection to Fascism was the arbitrariness ofitsmethod: insettingouttodestroy license dt destroyed liberty. Many of itsin Britainiwhowereattractedtothe movement badmany qualms on this score,andin sodaras wewere able to influence itspolicy we endeavoured to establishsafeguardstoensurethatsuitable checks were forthcoming: for instance, we were anxious wherever possible toexpandandpurify andevenrestore the traditonal constitution rather than to suspend it in favour of more arbitrary forms. Atthe time most of us, Ifancy, persuaded ourselves that these guaranteeshadbeensecured,but in retrospect it is more likelytwe were mistaken. On thataccount Ifor one weep no tears to find the Fascist onepartysystemnowdiscredited: whatremains is tomakeequallysorethatthe stillmore malign Communistone-party

(Continued on Page 16.)

NationalMissionaryReportRevealsStrikingProgress ... Membership Increases 6y Nearly

StirlingContfibution of Catholic School System

Apostolic Delegates Praises Generosityof Australians

"The war has brought troubles in legion to the CatholicMission fields of the world. Death has cancelled out useful livesbothfor today andfor tomotrow; destructionhaswipedoutthe patient labour ofyears. Heroismhas paid its pricein blood; but even that price does not seem adequate to solve the problems of the immediate future. Inthefaceof thoseproblems whatwe are doing for the Propagation of the Faith maynotseem very much. Perhaps, as far as tangible results go,we aremerelycontributing

alittletowards the solutionof only one problem.

"It is primarily God's problem, however, andGodseestheway. Wemay at least claim that we are seizing every opportunity provided by Providence to buildup for the present and for the future astorehouse of prayer and self-sacrifice."

The annual meeting of the National Episcopal Committee and the National CouncilofthePropagationoftheFaith took place at the Chapter Hall, St. Mary'sCathedral,Sydney,on Wednesday, April 11. His Excellency, the :apostolic Delegate, President of the Episcopal Committeeiwas Chairman of themeeting. AllmembersoftheEpiscopal Committee were present: Their Graces the Archbishop's of Sydney (Secretary), Brisbane,:Adelaide, the Co-adjutor Archbishop of Melbourne and their Lordships the Bishops 01 Goulburn and Maitland.

Presentalsowerethe National Director of Pontifical Mission Works (Rt. Rev. Mgr. James 11. Hannan, U.D., Ph.D.), the National Treasurer (Rt. Rev. Mgr. Edmund O'Donnell, P.P.), andthemembersoftheNationalCouncil: Rt. Rev. Mgr. M.Clune, V.G., Rev. J. G .Murtagh, M.A., Rev. A. R. E. Thomas, Rev A. -

G. Tynan. The Diocesan DirectorsofWaggaWagga (Rev. G. Crennan) and of Armidale (Rev.J. \f.O'Connor) werepresentatthemeetingatthe invitationof HisExcellency, the ApostolicDelegate.

Presenting his annual report for the year 1914, the National Director stated:—

"The financial returns for the Propagation of the Faith have increased by 19 per cent.; those of the Holy Childhoodby23percent.; thoseoftheWork of St, Peter Apostle for a Native Clergy by SOpercent. To place the results in their proper perspective, it maybe noted thatthefinancial returns for the Propagation of the Faith for 191-1 were four times as large as those for 1939: inthesame five-yearinterval, the Holy Childhood has multiplied its annual returns by seven, the Work of St.PeterApostlebyalikefigure.

"Thenett incre.,

aofthe Propagation ofthe Faithin 191toverthereturnsfor 1913 was 17,217; the nett increase for the Holy Childhood was f3,517; the nett increase of St. Peter Apostle was 1990: atotal increase of£11.700.

Co-Operation: "The Conferences of St. Vincent de Paul throughout Australia, Grail Missioir Groups, the Legion of Mary and other Societies rendered valuable service; the Postal MissionGuild in Sydneyshowedafurtheradvanceintheexcellentworkithasbeendoingformany years, both for the Propagation of the Faithandfortheeducationofanative clergyinmissionlands;thespecialpraesidium of the Legion of Mary in Adelaide , the Praesidium of Our Lady of the Mission's—continued its valuable jwork of organisatiort. Besides the usual rallies of promoters and members of thePropagationofthe Faith,a specialcelebrationwasheld inAdelaide in connectionwith the CentenaryCelebrations of the establishment of the Hierarchyin SouthAustralia. Tribute was paid, on that occasion, to the as. sistance the Propagation of the Faith renderedtothefirstBishopofAdelaide one hundred yearsago.

Funds toPacific:

All the funds from the Pontifical Worksin Australia,apartfromtheonethird of the Propagation of the Faith which was devoted to Australian Missionsexclusively, are distributedtothe island missions of the Pacific.

"In this, of course, the Propagation of the Faith does not lose its world. wide scope. Sincewe are able to sup. ply from money collected in Australia the funds allocated bythePropagation of the Faith for Pacific Missions we therebymakeitpossibleforfundsfrom other parts of the world to be used elsewhere.

Propagation of theFaith:

"At the end of January, 1945, there were 350,311 members of the Propagation of the Faith in Australia, representing aincrease in membership over the previous year of 47,957. Present membership enrolment represents 35 per cent, of the total Catholic adult population of Australia.

The Holy Childhood:

"The nett returns from the Holy Childhood for 1911 were 118,587, which sum isavailablefor distribution to the missions ofthe Pacificarea.

"In 1911 we could repeat the claim madefor 1913 thateveryCatholicchild attending aCatholicschoolinAustralia was amember of the Holy Childhood, aswellasanumberofCatholicchildren unable to attend Catholic schools who wereenrolled throughcatechis,n classes andSundayschools. Theaveragecontribution per head of the children of Australia is2s ld, far in excess of the ordinary contribution to the Holy Childhood, which is Od. per year. As amatter of interest, the average con. tribution per head of the children of Australia to the Holy Childhood is ex. actly twice the average contributionof the adult Catholic to the Propagation of the Faith.

ARNOLD MATTERS

DISTINGUISHEDBASSBARITONE.

ASSEMBLY HALL

WEDNESDAY, APRIL26,8.15p.m.

Associate Artist: ROSEMARY KENNY, Solo pianist andaccompanist.

PRICES: 91, 6/8. including Tax and Booking Fee. Box Planat Nicholson's .

"In its success, the Holy Chilhood has merely reaped the benefit of the splendid school system and of the sin. gle minded zeal and leadership of the teaching Orders. Without their cooperation, only atiny fractionofwhat has been done could havebeenachieved.

The Work ofSt.Peter, Apostle:

"The nett result for the Society of St. Peter Apostle for the education of native priests in mission lands, during 1944was12,218.representinganincrease of almost 11,000 over the amount realisedin 194'3. Theamountwascollected by voluntary contributionsof sums for the adoption of native students or for providing burseson thepart of individuals and as agroup offering for several societies.

"The funds of the Society of St. Peter Apostle collected in Australia, under orders from the Holy See, are being distributed to mission seminaries in,the Pacific—to Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Noumea—tosupply forthefunds thatusedtocomefrom Europe.

Distribution:

"The fundsof the Propagationof the Faith for 1943 were distributed among the Australian Missions with the ratio of one-third, and two-thirds were allocated according to the wishes of the Superior Council to the following missions in the Pacific:

"The Vicariates Apostolic of Fiji, Samoa, NewCaledonia,New Hebrides, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, the South Solomons, Papua, the Marquesas, Tahiti, and the Prefecture Apostolic of the Cook Islands, In addition to these funds asum in the region of 18,000 was allocated to the Vicariates Apostolic of Central and Eastern New Guinea to defray the cost of the purchase of aproperty in Queensland for theestablishmentofaseminary forthe training of priests for the two Vicariates.

"In addition to these funds, all the fundsof the Holy Childhood collected in Australia in 1943 were distributed also to the same Vicariates, as well as the funds for the Society of St. Peter Apostle."

Thereports oftheDiocesanDirectors of Armidale and Wagga Wagga provided interesting information on the difficulties of country dioceses at the present time. Both reports stressed the vigour of the missionary idea among the people, and the splendid work that is being done in the schools.

At the conclusion of theNationalDi. rector's report, Ilis Excellency, the Apostolic Delegate welcomed to the meeting two new membersofthe Episcopal Committee, their Graces Archbishops Beovich and Simonds. Ibis Ixcellency stated that, because of the expanding importance of the work of the Propagation of the Faith, he had felt is expedient to enlarge the representation of the Episcopal Committee to include Bishops from two more States of the Commonwealth.

His Excellency warmly congratulated the National Director on the splen. (lid recordofworkin 1911,joining with those congratulations his thanks tothe Diocesan Directors of the Propagation of the Faith.

Acknowledging, also, the debt of gratitude that was owed to the Bishops and priests throughout the country, he addre&,

ed• special words of thanksand praise to the Catholic pea pie of Australia, who, in spite of so many other appeals, had responded so generously to supply for the needs of the PropagationoftheFaith.

Referring to the heroism with which the Fathers and Brothers of the Society of theDivine WordandtheHoly Ghost

Sisters had met their privations and sufferings in NewGuinea, His Excellency paid aspecialtribute toArchbishop Duhig, of Brisbane, for all he had done toassist thenunsandpriests returningfromthemissionfields."For whathe hasdoneforthemissionaries— he was areal Father, in both spiritual and temporal." said His Excellency, "HisGrace will always be remembered as their benefactorandfriend."

50,000

Archbishop Simonds expressed his pleasure at beinginvited tobe amember of the Episcopal Committee, and added his congratulations to those of His Excellency on the work that had been done in 1944.

His Grace Archbishop Beovich, recommendedthateveryeffortshould be made tosee thatmoreandmoreofthe members of the Propagation of the Faith be faithful to their obligation of daily prayerforthemissions.

Adding his congratulations to those of the previous speakers, His Grace ArchbishopGilroy pointed out that therehadbeen,inthelasttwoorthree years, avery consolingand marked increase in missionary vocations bothfor the priesthood and for the orders of Sister's."Ido not think," said His Grace,"that we have very far to look. for thereasonof thisvery satisfactory increase in vocations. For years, the children in the schools and their parents in the parishes have had, through the Pontifical Mission`'forks, the mis. sion

ideal instilled into their minds. It is nowbearingfruit."

His Grace Archbishop Duhig pointed out that within a lifetime—sixty or seventy years—Australia had grown. from being achild of the Propagation of the Faith tobeingamother, herself. Alifetime ago.Australia received from the Propagation ofthe Faith asfrom a mother; now, Australia herself, a motherinthePropagationoftheFaith, isable togive to'others what she herselfreceived. HisGracefurtherreferred to thegreat increase in missionary activity in Australia, with the establishmentofamission seminary for the Society of the Divine Nord and of training houses for two Orders of missionarySisters.

Their Lordships the Bishops.of Maitland and ofGoulburn also spoke briefly.

In conclusion,the Episcopal Committee passed aresolution of deep gratitude and of congratulations to the teachers in theCatholicschoolsin Australia for the really splendid results of their work with the children for the HolyChildhood.

DistributionofFunds:

The meeting then proceeded to the distributionof£14,431amongtheaboriginalmissionsandthe outback dioceses of Australia.,Of this sum approximately £7,000 was distributed to the aboriginal missions,£1,000 to Papua, and the remainder to the outback dioceses of theCommonwealth.

Theremainingtwo-thirdsofthefunds of the Propagation of the Faith, together with the funds of the Holy Childhood and the funds of St. Peter :apostle will be distributed, within the next two months, to the Vicariates Apostolic of South Pacific in accordance with the wishes of the Holy See.

DirdOrderofSt.Trancis

On EasterSunday, the ordinaryfirst Sunday meeting of Franciscan Tertiaries was held before nfair-sized gathering, at which the Rev. E. McBride, Director of the Fraternity, presided.. andspokeaboutthegreatFeastofthat day. Brother Prefect asked for reports on the variousworksoftheFraternityand took the occasion tovoice for all those present the great devotion which he and the other Brothers and Sistersfelt towards their Director, who never spared himself any trouble in looking after the interests of the Fraternity or the'spiritualwell-beingof its members. Brotheralsoaskedprayersfortwovery Rick sisters.

The library, welllooked after by the librarian,wasmadegood use of. T- -

o proposed sisters were presented to the novice mistress, whoarranged fortheir instruction with aview of reception intotheOrderatalaterdate.

Benediction then followed,with renewal of profession by the Tertiaries.. The Papal Blessing wa`s given by the Director forthe great Feast of Easter. "Deusmeusetomnia."

What RegionalismWill Mean totheManontheLand

Advantages of Developing Country Towns

Why Handicrafts in the RuralSchool?

Australia's Need of Water

Regionalists stands for decentralisa. tioningovernment, population and industry.

Government by the people is not a reality when their thinking is done for them, by people remote from their interests and their needs, when all power over their affairs lies in hands ofmen thousandsofmiles away. Regionalism would have the people of a district planning the future of their district, instead of entirely depending 'on acentral government to think for them. It means achange in the way of thinking on the part of the people. To govern themselves people must be fitted for the task. The people of a district must know the needs and possibilities of their district. This requires alot of study and investigation, for mines of(wealth may all unknown lie aroundthem.

The people ofadistrict should know whatfurtherindustriescouldbe opened in the district; they should make up their mind whether the regional town is fulfilling its purpose as acentre of regional life. culturally, educationally, socially.

The people of Australia, now mainly concentrated in afew cities, may well be more equally distributed in the future, when country towns can offer work and amenities to compare with those in the cities. Industries can be opened up in the country towns, and theyaremuch better there than inthe city. The placeforafactory ison the spot where the rate material is. It is uneconomical to the producer to have to transport his product long distances for treatment. Transport of raw material is very costly in Australia Istrangel• enough more costly than manufactured goods), and the loss to lice stock in transport is also very great. Much of the rate material is useless for manufacture, and yet heavy reiRht is paid on this waste matter.

In thecase ofwool:i0per cent, ofwool is waste matter, and this wmste matter costs f7.000000 ascar to the grower's n• transport.

Vested city interests are not happy to see industries open in the country, so that the country people themselves must open theirownindustries •

In an ageofco-operativeenterprisethisisnot difficult, and ifweneed to learnbyexample. we need only look to the Chinese and others to see what they have done in the past few years, In Amer• ica many public utilities are owned cooperatively by the people of the di"• trio, things such as community refri. gerators, electric power plants. grain ielevators, markets, as:well as their stores.

NATURESTUDYiANDHAND.

CRAFTIN SCHOOLS.

Every school should make afeature of Nature Study and Hand-craftin the sydlabu". For the purpose of educaLion is not merely to train the mental faculties, nor to prepare achild toget afob. The purposeofeducation is to glorify right living, and it involves the harmonious development of all the capabilities of the individual.

Mental superiority is no criterion of agood education, and it is usually the attribute of the problemchild.

Nature study andCraft-work provide the child with wholesome interests, whichareanimportantelementinchar. acter training.

Manualskill isthe best meanstocul• tivate habitsofefficiency and success. To observe and appreciate the won• dersof nature is notonly atraining,it is"lilting-"

The knowledge of birds, and trees and animals is necessary in order to teachchildrenaloveofcountry.

Birds express all that is beautiful andjoyousandfreeinourmature.They delight our eyes, charm our ears, and quicken our imagination.

Trees are necessary to man. They supply him with material for many of hisneeds,forhisfurniture,hishome hiw vehicles. Man cannot do without trees, for they regulate the climate control floods, encourage ra

i n

,and pre., serve the soil. And yet Australian bird's and trees have been subjected to an appallingdestruction.

WATERI

Water isthechieffactorinthefuture ofAustralia.

Theopinionsofexpertsregarding the possibilities for waterconservation and irrigation vary greatly. The pessim. ists say that Australian rivers are so fete, and so small thatnotmuchwater can be stored. They say that even if irrigation were possible the land is not worth the cost that irrigation entails and in any case the vast output of foodstuffs that irrigation would make possible wouldbe aglutonthemarket.

.Isfor artesian water, theysay there is notmuchhopethereeither,becausear. tesianwateris toooftensalty,andbore water suppliesshowsignsofdryingup.

The optimists, on the other hand, put great faith in the immenseamount of underground watercontained in the artesian basinsthatspreadoveranarea equal to one-third of the continent. , Theyalsopointtotheprogress already maderwith harnessingAustralianrivers. They say that the\lurray Valley irri• gation scheme was atfirst considered hopelessbymanyexperts,butnowitis awonderfulsuccess; arid landhasbeen made to flourish, land condemned as infertile has been made to blossom like the rose. They hold that untold ntil lions of gallons of tenter run to waste in any ordinary year,and forcomp a

ra. tively little expense could be utilised.

The argument is notfinished by any means, and awise man, remembering the surprises that have been brought ahmut in water schemes both her e an

d in:,mcrica, will be slow to contradict the optimists. Butone wav or the other, every Australian is vitally interested in the outcome.

League of Catholic Youth, Subiaco

At the meeting held on April 16, 40 members were present.

Adebate was heldon "Whether the Examination System is aTrue Index to Merit" The speakers were Gerald McGrade and Neville Harris, affirmative; Jim Stewartand Jim Daly, nega• tive. Thedebateresultedinadraw.

JohnMchfahonisbackwithus -

again, and our gym. work is improving rapid. I7• Footfall trainingisxtartedin earnest now. TrainingdaysareTuesdaysand Thursday, at 5.30 p.m, at Hamilton Square.

Adance is to be held in St.Joseph's hall on Saturday, April 21. Admissionisbyinvitationonly. Invitations can he obtained from fir. J. Masch. medt.

Basket hall practice is held every Thursdaynight,andallboysare asked to come along.

Sir,—•Dfay Iexpress disapproval of thecontinuing practice of some Catho. lic churchmen and wrlt6rs, who seek toprove that,despiteherdeclared neu• trality, Eire is moreor lessactivelyon the side of the Allies? Baiting by crossorbigoted personsseldom fails to bring forth fesponse, which generally takesthe form of figuresof millionsof pounds' worth of foodstuffs sent to Britain, and lists ofawards for loyalty and courage made to Irish men and women on the battlefields and on the home fronts. The presence of so manythousandsofIrishperson'samong the various Services and workefs is mainly clue to the heavy migration in the years just previous to the war. In 1937 the figure reached 47,000. Their presenceinsuchlargenumbersinevery branchofCrown Forces,thechronicled facts of their individual courage, and their general loyalty to the Crown, should notbeused toconfoundth e

ratbag views aired from time to time in ourdailypress. Todosois tomisuse the facts. Those figures and(facts of loyalty and courage prove one thing. and that conclusively, that to whatsoever gag or nation Irish folk have transferred their bodies, they give undivided allegiance. Whilst the strategic value of Eireann's neutrality is debatable(do it quietly over apot), it is both complete and honourable, and differs nowise (except in longevity) fromthatof the U.S.A.,Russia,orany other Allied nation which did not activelyparticipate tillattacked itself.

Iwish the people of this country would learn that Eire'sneutrality is a question apartfromtheIrishdomiciled inthisland. Irishmeninthis country andthroughouttheBritish Empireand U.S.A.havefullymet theirobligations, andmightbespared thesneersofthose fewwhocannot conceal their hatredof alland everything Roman Catholic.As amanloveshismotherall hislife, yet leavesherhometowed,soalsowithus Irish, who have leftour adother countrytowed Australia,AmericaorGreat Britain, Peopleshouldnotbeswayed by thefew who havemadeof Australia amistress and speak of her as of an orphan or step-mother. By our fruits judge us.—Yours, etc., .F. O.T.

DS

Sir,-1wasquiteinterestedinreading Mr. Gilbcrt's remarks in his columns "WithoutApology."Thereisoneminor point which may convey awrong impression: Mr. Gilbert writes that"lately" Ihave "discovered the population problem, about whi c

hCa

th o

li cs

have beencryingoutforyears." Itwasnot possiblefor Mr.Gilbert toknow that I was already studying economic and demographic statistics in 1932, migration problems in 1933, and that when Igraduated in 1931Idiscussedashort thesis on some aspects of population problems. Ihave been lecturing in Perthsince1940, andeveryyearwedis. cussed population problems in our elms.

•:";7

does not like children, and the one who can't be bothered with kids, are not likely to have answered the Commonwealth's appeal, Iclearly admitted that it was the moral and mental at. titude which led people to limit their families, and at the end of my article Istated that people have no children because the3 do not want them—I think that was clearenough.

There is, however,avery interesting fact which emerges from astudy of Catholic population statistics in Aus. tralia. Ialready mentioned that Catholics and Lutherans have proportionally more children than most other religious groups. 61.57 per cent of the male Oatholics aged 15 and over have 6ormoredependentchildren; only 1.19 of all male Australians aged 15 and over are in the same condition. 1.72 per cent.of the maleCatholics aged 15 and over have 5dependent children, as against only 1.42 per cent.o

f- a

ll maleAustralians of thesameage.Also, 18.94 per cent, of all Catholics in Australia are below the ageoften(at the dateofthe census), while only 17.71 of all Anglicansin Australiaareasyoung. Thus it is clear that among Catholics there are larger families and con'se• quently more children, This would leadone to expect that the Catholic Population grows more rapidly than the rest of the Australian population. Now look at thefigures. Ifwe make the1901 proportion--100, theAustralian Population as awhole reached 118 in 1911, 144 in 1921, and 175 in 1933. On the other hand the Catholicpopulation inAustraliawas100in 1901,108in1911, 133in 1921 and 136in 1933. The figures for 1933 are not entirely reliable, because the religion question in the census sheet was optional, and many people didnot answer; buttherelative decrease of the Catholic population was already apparent in earlier years. Weall say that thegrowthoftheAus. tralian populationasawholeisfar too slow,and that Australiansare going to disappear if thev continue this way. Now here we have figure's for the Catholic popuation of Australia, and its growth is slower than the total Australian growth. There must be some cause for this. Itried my best to in. vestigate the matter, and the only explanation Ican give is this: 51 per cent,of all male Catlioliesaged,j5 and overaremarried orwidowed,asagainst 60 per cent. of'all Anglicans of the same age. 30 per cent, of these Ca. tholics have dependent children, while :31 per cent. of the Anglicans have de. pendent children. There are 74 dependent children for every 100 male Catholics aged 15 and over. and 76 de. pendent children for every 100 male Anglicansof thesameage.

If by "population problem" we mean theslowincrease or theactualdecrease of apopulation, we may see that the problem is acute among the Catholic population in Australia, not because of contraceptive practices, but because of abstinence drom marriage; this at least is what these figures seem to suggest,—Yours, etc.,

J.GENTILLI.

CATHOLICWOMEN'SLEAGUE.

(Continued from Page 8.)

po

pu

l a

It is very difficult to make any useful proposals. Short of very strong sanctions—moral ormaterial,orboth— against defaulters, or of such a(demographic policy as wag carried out in Nazi Germany, it does not seem possible to obtain any results. When Mr, Gilbert writes that "it is not money as such which restrict s

tion,buttheselfishnessandmo r

alsoftnessarisingout ofasurfeitof wealth," he iscertainly right ;

bu

ti s

it w

iser

to educate the people to selfishness first and give them wealth afterwards, or to give them wealth first? Iwould favour the first tray, and believe that he will too. And thisis why Iwrote thatmoneyhad comfortswillnot help. ButwhenIwrotethatthe woman who

The Cathedral branch is holding its fit'stmonthlybridgepartyonThursday, :1pri1 26, in the League Rooms Nestle (louse, at 8p.m. Itis hoped thatall members will help tomakeitasuccess,

TryingOut-theCorporate Organisationof Industry

(Continued fru.n Page 13.) system is also exposed as the tyrannicalthing thatitis.

Yet the problems which the Fascist one-party systemwasdesigned tosolve still remains, and Ilikely to increase rather than diminish in the post-war years. Itis theproblemofprotecting the national economy from sectional abuses of power, as well as from the violence of politicalwarfare(which in. deed isonly the disguised form ofeconomic civil war), thereby securing internalpeaceandwithitthatcontinuity of policy without which, in the long run, nonationcan hope to survive the stress and competition of the times. How isthis tobe done without imposing apolitical truce?

Ithink itshould be possible to eliminate sectional abuses of power by legislation—thatistosay,bysendinga policeman into the economic realm. After all, we do not count it an infringement of our liberties that we should all be subject to the Common Law: how much less ought we to resent the kindof policing which would removefromUsthetwinperilsofslump andboom, thedeadlymenaceoftheinternational debt system, the distempersof the money racket, the criminal neglect of our own soil, and the social suicideinherentin theconceptofagen. eral strike. These and kindred examples ofeconomiclawlessnessshould not be matters for the Hustings, where they become further confused and accentuated, or for the regulation of the bureaucrats,mhousethem asapretext for ablundering interference with private lives amounting to tyranny: they should be matters for His Majesty's judiciary(Britain'soneuncorruptedinstitution),inspecialcourtsofeconomic equity. Surely, afteracentury and a halfofcapitalism, it should not bebeyond the power of the best brains of this country to fashion laws which wouldthusprotectusfrom its known abuses and ensure that its activities weredirectedonlyalongsocially useful channels.

Admittedly when the one-party sys-

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tem is ruled out—as it must be ruled out—the solution to the same problems on the purely political plane becomesverymuchmoredifficulttofind, since therecanthen be nothingto preventeconomicfelons(inthatnewsense just indicated), from suborning professional politicians and even political parties so as to secure amendments in theeconomic lawsfortheirpersonalor sectional gains. However, it is now clearthatgreat though thisevilmight be, it could not be so great an evil as the one-party system. Moreover a considerable distance towardseliminar ingitmight be tuz.­gilled byemploying the device of t% ,

Loccupational franchise, which would givespecialistelectorates theirown specialist representatives and so discourage the purely party racket, based on popular ignorance and propaganda-fanned emotionalism. Further the corporate organisation ofindustry, if thatcould be achieved,wouldbeofincalculableservice in securing asane political perspective oneconomicrealities.

Both the corporate and the occupationalfranchise are Fascist concepts, but in condemning Fascist method, with its ballyhoo and its repressions, itis not necessarytocondemnall Fascistpolicyaswell. Thatisataskfor political neurotics, not for the serious student of politics who is sincerely anxious to find away of escape from the marshes of capitalism which will nevertheless avoid the bogs of communism.

Thus if the barter principle in international trade is morally and economicallysounder than the internatidnal financialsystem,itwouldbesheerhysteria to denounce it simply because it had been advocated by Fascism. So itiswith concern forthe family unit, for the"small man" and distributism, for thesoil of Britain, fornational traditon and unity, for arobustIsurvival sense—such advocacy doesnotbecome suspect because some of us were once humourless enough to preach these things in acoloured shirt.

YIIIi1111111AIillisIINII 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

Racing Selections

By "THE HAWK"

W.A.T.C.

Saturday, Aprll 21, 1945. (Before Acceptances.)

Geraldton Maiden Handicap: Har_ mian,1; Easywalkin,2; DabChick,3. Albany Handicap: 9lion, 1; Cherbourg, 2; Lady Tosephine,3, Northam ffandicnp (1): Mellalo, 1; Heyington, 2; Easewold, 3. Northam Handicap (2): Athene, 1; Meroic,2; Avrhov, 3. Bunbury Handicap: Melting Pot, 1; BobhyBreen, 2: Stayer,3. Narrogin Handicap (2): Silver Tail, 1; Sofine,2; Tresigne, 3. Narrogin Handicap (1): Starry Sky, l; Rivian, 2: Sweet September, 3.

MEN'S WEAR

SUITS, OVERCOATS, SPORTS COATS, TROUSERS, UNDERWEAR, HATS, SHOES, Etc... .

BishopYupinInterviewedonCommunism inChina

Bishop Paul Yupin, Vicar Apostolic of Nanking, and member of the Pea ple's Political Council in Chungking, gave the results of his investigations intoCommunisminChinain an interviewwithCIP correspondentinYaan Sikang Province. BishopYupin Is weli known in the United States and Canada, where he has travelled extensively. Theinterviewfollows: ,,testion:

some people abroad claim that the 'Chinese:NationalGovernmentprevents theCommunist forcesfromfightingthe Japanese, What doyou think ofthis statement?

BishopYupin:

It is absolutely groundless and unjust. After the Japanese militarists had fired the first shot in China, in July, 1937, theChinese RedArmy was reorganised intothe 18th. GroupArmy under the supreme command of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek. They were supplied with necessary equipment, and their men received regular pay from the National Military Council. In September, 1937, they solemnly pledged to fight the enemyshoulder to shoulder with the national forces. Putoneoftheirunits—theNewFourth Army—soon rebelled against the Supreme Command. Disciplinary measureshad,ofcourse, tobe takenagainsttherebels. Never however,hasthe National Government prevented, or madeanyattempt to preventthe 18th. GroupArmyfrom fulfillingits duty of defendingthecountry againstJapanese aggression. It would be foolish to do so. The truth is that, contrary to theirpledge,themainCommunistforces have done nothing, at least since 1941, but farming.

Question:

Articles written by foreigners often praise the"democratic" nature of the Communist regime in Yenan, in opposition to what they call"Kuomintang Dictatorship" in the restof FreeChina. This comparison seemsso unfair.

Bishop Yupin:

Well Ishould'say the political regime established by the Communistsis akind of Democracy—Soviet Democracy,aDemocracy underwhich churebes are looted and priests massacred, and thespyingsystem issowellorganised thatyou can't say aword or take astep without being heard or seen by the"cadres"; a Democracy tinder which only one newspaper—''The Liberation Daily." apaper rum by the Communist Party itself—has the right to live. What kind of Democracy is that? Iwould not say, on theother hand,

that our National Government is afullydemocratic government. In virtue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's principles, are are still in aperiod of transition— political tutelage which will be sit(,

. ceetled by aconstitutional government one year only after the conclusion of the war. (Generalissimo Chiang has since announced that aConstitutional Government will be formed this year.) But tutelage isnot dictatorship. Under dictatorship we couldn't enjoy half as much freedom as we do now. The best proof that we areheadingtowaras Democracy--real Democracv, Imeanis that mfr people can freely practise their religion: for freedom of religion is,accordingtoPresidentRooseve't 1-asi< of democracy,

Question:

Iunderstand some external pressure has been brought to bear on our NationalGovernment so that"for peace's sake" the National Government mac come into immediate agreement with the Comunistparty. in case the National Government should yield to this pressure what would be, in your opin ion, China's attitude towards foreign nations and Christianity?

BishopYupin:

►I+ IN MEMORIAM +

OnService.

BAMBREY, John.—Insad but loving -memory of our dear son and hispal, Bert Prior, who paid supreme sacrificein New Guineaon April26, 1944. R.I.P.

Ever remembered by his Dad Mum, brother Ned, and sisters, Emily ,

Kit andCecilia.

JORDAN, Elizabeth(Cissie).—In low ing memory of my dear wife, who passed away April 16, 1944.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her.

Always remembered by her loving husband.

MURPHY.—In loving memory of-my belovedhusband.whopassedawayat SouthernCross, April 19, 1936. Dear Lord, thy,will be done. I've learned through bitter loss that prouder head's than arsine have bent to kiss the Cross, Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercyonhissoul.

—Inserted by his sorrowing wife, Christine.

O'NEILL,—In ever loving memory of Gladys (Sister 11. St. Martha), who diedApril18, 1838.

Sacred Heart of Jesus have mercy on hersoul. Always remembered by her loving father, mother, and sister.

VINER.—In loving memory of our dear Nellie, who departed this life on April 18, 1938. R.I.P.

Eternalrestgranttoher,0Lord,and may perpetual light shine on her. Sadly missied.

—Insertedbyparentsandsisters,

a

THE

If our Government is truly for the people and of the people—and Idobelieve it is—Idon't think it will yield toany such pressure, for the vastmajority of our people are opposed to Gimmunismand theCommunistParty, which, according to Mao Tse-tung. its •Pmeleader,numbersnotmorethan 90,900 members, cannot be considered otherwise than asmall minority. Iwill notspeculateon the policy,internalor external, of"Communist China," be-

causeChinawill neverbe aCommunistic country nor will the Chinese National Government give consideration 01 to anyunlawfuldemands presented by the Communist Party.

Question: Nevertheless, some people fear that aswardragsalong,ourpopulationsget impoverished and turn Red, BishopYupin:

Our people are not any poorer now thanbeforethewar. Furthermore,by tradition poor and rich alike have the same respect for religious beliefs,(amity life, private property and human dignity. They cherish individualfreedom and condemn the use of violence in politics. In short, thereis an irre. ducible antagonism between Chinese traditionand Communistic ideal and practice. That is the reason why the Comunistic experiment in Kiangsi has met with utter failure and the Soviet regime at Yenan has not succeeded in winningoverthe local people.

HALF AMILLION' BABIES

Australiahas lost half amillion people in ten years through birth preven. tion according to figures based on a recent article by Sir Raphael Cilento, one of Australia's most distinguished medical authorities. It was quoted fromamedicaljournal in the Houseof Representativesby Mr.CyrilChambers, lot- Adelaide, speaking on the Address-in-Reply to the GovernorGeneral's speech at Canberra on March 7. According to Sir Raphael, aminimum of 211,000, or apossible maximum of 450LX) children areeach yearprevented from seeing the light of day. That, said Mr. Chambers, is astartling con. demnation of the Australian people. Assuming that the maximum figure is curvet,itmeans that in tenyearsAustralia has lost nearly 500,000 people, andthey wouldhave been agreatdeal more valuable to this country than a similarnumberofmigrants. To-day." continued Mr. Chambers "we are permitting men to deliver pubjic lectures, and even provide radio facilities for them, in the course of which they tell the people of Australia how they can avoid their responsibilities in married life. It is the responsibility of the CommonwealthGovernmenttoprevent the manufacture of anv article that might be used in the practice of race suicide." Theproblem,however. can. not be solved by Government action alone, for it has its roots in the lack ofmoralvaluesand thehedonisticphil. osophyofthepeople. Only achange of spirit. arevolution in minds,founded onChristian education and living, canrestoretoAustraliathewilltolive.

By "LAURI."

'The inspiration of asingle book has made teaches, preachers, philosopliers, authors and statesmen."

ROSARY BEADS:Wearehappy to announce that we now have Rosaries for sale. They are of mother-of-pearl with strong chains, and are ideal as First Holy Communion and Confirmation gifts. They are priced at 12/6, 13/6, 17/6, and 18/6. Fortheinformationof country clients,the 12/6 Rdsaries are of small round beads: the 13/6 of long oval shape; the 17/6 and 18/6 'arelarger editionsof the 12/6and 13/6 strings, respectively. Country people areadvisedtoorderatonce assupplies arelimited.

NONE SHALL SURVIVE. By BurtonGraham.

Further supplies of this story of Damien Parer's greatest exploit—the shootingofthefilmofthe Battleofthe 'BismarckSea—havearrivedandareon saleat10/6acopy.

"FREEDOM." Copies of this excellentweeklynewspaper are now on sale at the Library. Price2d, IN THE LIBRARY.

VOICES IN THE WIND. By E. M. Ward.

This is the story of two girl friends living in North Wales, who find their .growing-up complicated by the war, theirneighboursandayoungmanwith whomtheyarebothinfatuated. Anti-

Metropolitan Social Council. At last meeting of Council, Sr. Jacques was appointed new secretary of the Council, following resignation of N.Willetfrom thatoffice.

Social functions promise to be very -successful this year, and the opening social will be held at IIighgate on Wednesday, May30, when inter-branch shield and championship trophies will he presented. The picnic held at Keane's Point on March 25 was afinancial and social success, anddelegates whoworked hard at thisfunction were gratified by result.

Aprogramme of inter-branch visits will be drawn up and forwarded to branches, who can arrange their pro-

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quarian researches in the wild uplands, fun and good fellowship,alittle malice and youthful dreams combine to snake this apleasant well-told tale suitable for readersof allages.

GOD is

MY 00,

41tOT. By Colonel Robert Scott.

Afascinating personal story of the war. Not only spins the reader through arecital of thrilling adven• tures, but it also conveys the full sav our ofthe personality who lived them. As the one man air force over Burma, and later as the commander of the fighterforceunderMajorGeneralChen• naultinChina,ColonelScott has per formedmorethanhisshareofhair-rais• Ing exploits, No one can read this book and doubt his passion for flying, and utterscornofdanger.

QUIETEST UNDER THE SUN. By

John Wood.

Open-air folk will delight in this introduction to the Welsh borderland, known to many through the poems of A. E. Housmanand the prose of Mary WebbandFrancis BrettYoung. The fresh winds odtheopen hills of Shropshire, Worcester and Cardigan blow through every page,and the vigorous personality and sensitive appreciation ofnatural beautyof theauthorare re vealed throughout. He shows, too, a keen understandingof the countrymen who peoplesparsely those heights and dalcls, and narrates entertainingly the history and traditions in which this countryside is so rich:

gramme according toequipment. Many branches have started on their draa!atic section and later will have an opportunity of displaying their talent.

Nextmeeting ofCouncil will beheld on first Friday in May. Delegates, please note and keep up excellent attenadnce topromotebranchactivity.

H.A.C.B.Society Picnic.

On March 25, alarge crowdof members and friends wended their way to theEsplanade,whereValboatsconveyed all to Keane's Point, to enjoy the sports programme arranged. The Metropolitan Social Council is to be congratulated onsu:h a %criderful day and notwithstanding the fact that transport was taxed to itsutmost, one ami all agreed that the outing was a huge success.

Fruit and drinks were arranged for the children, and as Army Records Branch also held a picnic on the grounds, both societies cooperated with aeery pleasing result.

Bro. J. Harvey conducted avery excellent sports programme for children andadults,and Bro.L.Burrowesmade agood starter. Ten teams participated in the inter-branch relay race, and East \ictoria Park Branch was the winneroftheshield, which will be presentedatfirstsocialforseason. Winner of IM yards open handicap was W. [lodge, abrilliant young runner from Subiaco branch. J. Sutherland, from Lecdcrville, carried off the prize for the mile race. Good running indeedl

Softball occupied the time of quite a percentage of the young folk, conse• quently it was avery tired but happy crowd that boarded the boats at the jetty for return trip. Numerous enquiries for arepeat picnic proved the success of the day.

Thanks are extended to thole members who worked so hard to make an enjoyable day for all, and the Society gained quiteafewmembers as aresult of this social function..

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Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It ison sale in Foy'sHomecraftSectioninmany lovely colours. Here is agrand opportunity for you to save money by malting your own Christmasgiftsthis year.

a"And now,doctor,that I'vetold you Iam going to marry Jane,there's one thing Iwanttogetoffmychest"

"Youmusttelhmeaboutit,myboy."

"A tattooed heart, with the name Mabel on it."

Little Mabel,agedsix, had apart in the school exercises. She wasmuch pleased and learned her part quickly and said it over loudly and rapidly. .It ended with the.words "and plead the cause of the poor and needy," which she shouted so loudly that she could hardly be understood. Just before leaving for the exercises her mother decided to hear her say the part again and asked her to repeat it more slowly. Then she discovered to herhorror thatMabel wassaying "and feed the cows. They are poor and need it"

First Golfer; "How do you address the ball?"

SecondGolfer:"Doyou meanbefore Ihit it orafter Iloseit?"

"I hearthegaleblewyourfowl-house awaylast night."

"Yes, andit'sgoingtobe ahardjob togetitback. Afamilyfromthenext village havemovedintoitalready!"

The bank teller was inexperienced, but resolved not to belacking in caution. In abrisk manner he challenged practically everyone who presented paper to be convertedinto cash.

At the end of theline an old patron ofthebank,amusedbythepassingparade, decided to try an experiment. Whenhisturncame,in responseto the usual query,"Have you anyidentification?" he fumbled-

in his pocket, produced asnapshotandhanded it to the teller. Theyoungman eyed theprint judiciously, then gave the patron a careful scrutiny. "Okay," he said at length: "you looklikeyourpicture. I guess it'sall righttocash the cheque."

An Irish soldier in the Middle East received aletter from his wife saying there wasn't an able-bodied man left, and she was going to dig the garden herself.

Pat wrote at the beginning of his next letter:"Bridget,forHeaven's sake don't dig the garden; that's where the guns are,"

The letter was duly censored and in ashort while nlorry-load of men in khaki arrived at Pat's house and proceeded to dig the garden from end to end.

Bridget wrote to Pat in desperation, saving that she didn't know what to do, as the soldiers had got the garden dugup,everbitofit.

T'at's reply was short and to the point: "Put in the spuds:" • s

Two rabbitsweresittingby theroadside watchingaconvoy of tanks pouring from the gates of ahuge factory. There seemed to behundredsof them.

"Don't think I'm jealous, George," said\]rs. Kabbit,"butthey musthave started withmore than two." s + • '

A bookie, finding his cigarette case empty, offered to lay£10 to acigarette against arank outsider that no onehad thoughtofbacking. Acigarette was soon forthcoming, and by most extraordinary luck the outsider won. Like agood sportsman the bookie handed over the DO, but the backer did not seem satisfied.

"What are you waiting for?" asked thebookie.towhichthebackerreplied, "Ma conscience, men; I'm waiting for macigarette." • • r

TheMadam: "Ithink I'll take oneof those largelobsters.."_ The Fish Dealer:"Yes, madam. and shall Iwrap itup?

The Madam:"Yes, Ithink you had better. I'm afraid he doesn't know me well enough yet to follow me home:'

• + r

Mother:"Why did you strike your little sister?"

Johnnie:"Well, we were playing Adam and Eve, and instead of tempt. ing me with the apple she ate it herself."

There used to appear in the cats• logue of an American mail order firm apicture of apair of corduroy trouserswhichwereofferedforsaleatthree dollars. Year after year the advertisementappeared.

In the 10th.year the company received this letter:

"DearSirs,—Themore Iseeof them .orduroybreechedthemoreIgetwane ingthem. Ifyou ain'tsold themyet, let me know, and Itwill buy them.— Yours truly, Rastus Brown:

* R R

Attendant: "Shall Ihave your car parked,sir?"

Millionaire:"Oh, don't worry; Iusually abandon them." * R # R

Maud reached for the telephone and dialled anumber.

"Isthatyou, Edward?" sheasked,as aman'svoiceanswered the call.

"Speaking;" he replied. "That you, Alaud?"

"Yes. You remember Itold you last night that on no account would you be permitted to enter our house again?" -

"Shall Iever forget it?" replied Edward.

"Well,wehave decided to move,and Ithought you might like to know our newaddress." * R R *

"And what's this here thing going to be?" asked the rich man's wife.

"An Italian staircase," said the architectof thenewmansion.

"Waste of time. k

We shan't ever have any Italians to see us."

Tommy told his father that he was second in the class at the end of the term.

"Whowasfirst?" asked his father.

"Oh, one of the girls," replied the boy.

"Well, I'm surprised at your letting amere girlbeat you:" was his father's comment.

"Don't dorget, dad," replied the lad. "that things are different from the dayswhenyoutwere aboy. Girls are got half so mere as they used to be."

Barber (to customer who has purchased abottle ofhair restorer):"You must be careful not to take out the cork with your teeth, sir; unless you want to wake up with abushy moustache the next .morning!"

At acourse for transport officers in India one subaltern had not paid a great deal of attention to the instruction imparted, and on the last day he wasaskedby thecommandant tostep forward and tell the age of amule.

The young officer opened the mule's mouth in gingerly fashion and peered inside inquiringly. Then he said: "!fell—er—sir,Idon'tknow thatIcan give you the—er—age of this mule, but, judging by his tongue, I'd say he wasup very late last night."

The elephane strolling through the jungle spottedamouse.

"By jove," said the elephant, "you seem very small!"

"Well,"'said the mouse, "I've just had'flu—andyouknow }iaw thatpulls afellowdownl"

"What's your son doing now—the one who swallowed half a sovereign 0

' when he was ayoungster?"

"You mean Clarence? He's in a bank."

Really—do you get any interest on him?

A man telephoned the lunatic asylum and askedif amale inmate was missing. After acheck-up the Superintendentsaid:"No; whydoyouask?" -

"Well;" said the man, "someone has justrunoff withmywife."

"You're backearly, Michael," remark ed the farmer's wife to the head man, whohadbeentoatheatre inthetown. The other nodded asilent agreement and proceeded to enjoy apipe and study his programme. "Enjoy the play?" asked the woman. No," m plied theman. "Didn't see the end.", "Why not?" "Well, take alook at the programme here: the second act takes place in two years' time."

Dear Cornerites,—Well, bow's the prick-card campaign going? It isn't very hard once you try it, is it? You see, nearly everybodyhasheard of the Bushies' Scheme, and wants to help, so youdon'thave much trouble infilling the card. At present my prick cardchampionsareLaurel,Thelmaand Rosemary. They areall country girls 19-

(Isuppose they see how much the Bushies need help), but Itbink the town children should do something aboutthat. Afterall,theyhavemany more people to beg pennies from, haven't they? \ly most regular "townie" is little Brian Hassell. so I'll expect asomebody to give him some' support. Come on, childrenlI'll be waiting anxiously forthemailbringing meallthose requestsforAUNT ck cards

.

41 Nanson-street, Wembley. Dear Aunt Be'ssy,—I am sending backmy prick cardand2/6. Please let me have another one. Iam in 2nd. class this year. We have a new teacher, Mother Columbiere. Daddy washomelastmonth; hetookusswimming alot. Julielovesthe water. I •can nearly swim. Iwrite(with my left hand, do you? Ihope you have ahappy Easter, Aunt Bessy.—Your loving nephew, BRIAN HASSELL.

St. Peter Canisius,Confessor and Doctorof theChurch,whoseFeastfallson the 27th,

to write with my left hand Iwould makeahorrible mess. But I've been thinkinghownicelyyouiwrite, Brian.

ar

AUNT BESSY. » » »

Denmark, W.A.

U.S. Columnist David Lawrence Condemns Coercion of Poland

Declaring that America is'.'again temporising with principle," in an article in the "United States News," of which he is editor, David Lawrence cited in particular the "coercion of Poland"andassailedattempts tomake of the Atlantic Charter a "scrap of paper." Asserting that"we are back. ing and filling and equivocating—and following the old, old road of expediency," Mr. Lawrence scorned attempts tomake the AtlanticCharter "inconsequential"and-added:

Attitudeof StateDepartment.

"We are assured once more by the State Department that the United Stateshasaninterestin afreeand independent Polish State'with the untrammeled right of the Polish -

people to order their national existence as theyseefit: But—andhere'sthecrux of the matter—the Department also says that if Russia and Poland wish to settle their future frontiers by 'mutual agreement'theUnitedStates Government 'would have no objection to such an agreement."'

"Have oursons made all their sacrifices," Mr. Lawrence asks,"justtosustain an old-fashionedgrabfor territory and power?

That is not aquestion being asked by isolationists,for they are merely saying'Itold you so.'

"What are those of us who are firm believersnowandalwayshavebeenin the•international co-operationist theory to say in answer to the isolationists?"

Dear Brian,—Certainly you may have another card. I'll post it straight away. Thank you very much for fillingthe lastone. I'm glad Daddyhas had some leave with you. Ibet he 4Pmisseshislittle sonanddaughterwhile he's away, but perhaps he will be home forgood soon. But, seeing you are the son of the house, you must look after`tummy and Julie until he comes home. But I'm sure you can do that alright. No, Brian, Iam not l e

De Aunt Bessy,—I am just writing afew lines to send you £1in honourofSt.AnthonyandtheLittleFlower, for favours Ihave received. Would You please take 15s. for the Bushies and 5s. for Mass for the Holy Souls. We are having some long-wanted rain here at present. We have been carting waterfor weeks. Ihope you will get all the money you need for 1945. Iwillwriteagainsoon. Fornowgoodbye.Aunty.

BUSHIE.

ft-handed. I'm afraid that if Itried

Lemon(ide Bottle

ACKNOWLEDGED WITHTHANKS.

STANDING CARDBOARD PICTURES

No. 11451—TWO-TONED COLOURED PICTURES. 25 Subjects, comprising:—Sacred Heart, Our Lady, Immaculate Conception, Our Lady of Lourdes, Our Lady and Child, Divine Infant, Our Lord Blessing Children, Holy Family, Guardian S Angel, St.Joseph,St.Anthony,Little Flower, Communion, Christmas, etc.

Size 5in. x31in. 9d.each: 8/3 dozen.

No. 11452—COLOURED PICTURES:

In full colours, various subjects, including: Sacred Heart, Imbaculate Heart, Pleading Heart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena.

Size 51 x31in. 1/- each: 11/. dozen.

No. 11453—COLOURED PICTURES:

In full colours. Varioussubjects.in. cluding: Sacred Heart, Immaculate Heart, Pleadingheart. OurLady•Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena, St, Peter, St. Paul, St. Anne. Size9tiin.x71in. 2/-each; 22/-dozen.

No. 11454—BLACKANDWHITE PIC• TURE OF THE LITTLE FLOWER. Size41in. x31in. 9d.each; 8/3dozen.

MEDALS.

Made of Best Quality Hard Metal. Communion. Confirmation. Sacred HeartSodality.HolyAngels. Miraculous,St, Christopher,Scapular.

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4

Co. M. Eld. 776 HAY STREET, PERTH (Opp. Foy and Gibson). nnn,m n.nV1P.YNnxtn,x•nlxnnnunxVnYNnrvMim,N•

Dear Bushie,Thank you for. your kindness. I'vesent onthe 5s.for the Hass. Im glad to hear you've had some rain. From now on you should get all you want. It is hard work having to cart water,isn't it, and no enviablejobin the hot weather. But everythingshould bealrightnow.

AUNT BESSY, * * *

98Angove-street, North Perth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am enclosing 2/6 for the prick card. Iam sorry I was so long in filling it. Ihope you and the Bushies are well and have a happy Easter.—Your loving niece, PAULA McADAM.

DearPaula,—Youdidn'ttake sovery long tofill thecard, so there'sno need to he sorry. Besides, alate card is much better than no card, so Ireally don't mind. Did you have a nice Easter. We all did. Write again soon, won't you, Paula.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find enclosed apostal note for the Lemonade Bottle, as it may want a drink for Easter. Iwas pleased to see you did so well last year and hope you will do as well this year.

LILYDALE.

Dear Lilydale,—The Lemonade Bottle drank his fill over Easter, thanks to you. He didn't think the effects avould wearofffor acouple of days at least. but he's on the rampage again now. Thank you, Lilydale, for your good wishes.

AUNT BESSY. , * * *

Dear Rosemary and Patricia,—Iwas so disappointed when they told me you'd been in to"The Record" office and Iwasn't there to see you. It's just like my luck. Idid so want to see the little girls who can fill prick cards at such an amazing speed. Well, perhaps you'll be down in Perth another time, and Ican see you then. And thank you very much for filling the cards, both of you.

AUNT BESSY.

Wm. A. YOUNG

TAMILY BUTCHIRIL

Corner JOHN & FITZGERALD STREETS, PERTH. POR QUALITY bMT— YOU'LLLOV

ETO EAT. 'Phone B1416.

"The episode would not be so significant if.ithad notensuedimmediately after the speech'of Prime Minister Churchill in which he notified all the ,world that Russiawantedtoretaincertainterritoriesthatshehadtakenfrom Polandbyforce intheautumnof 1939 while allied with Germany. The Prime Minister told the House of Commons thathehadacquiescedandthathewas impatient with the exiled Polish Government in London. He warned the recognised government of the Poles that they had better take Mr. Churchill's terms lest they get something worse lateron when thehand of force might clamp down even harder on more

artdmorePolishterritory.

Old clothes needed by the Society of St.Vincent dePaul for distribution to the poor. Parcels may be left at"TheRecord"Office,450Hay-street, Perth.

Seven Essentials for Polish Freedom

(Continued from Front Cover.)

Such, in brief was the great new Poland dralwn up out of the mire of servitude by the energy of her rulers and people; now, alas, trampled back into themireby herancient and cruel foes. We may be ableto do nothing to help her plight—but there is no need toaddthecrowninginfamyofinsulting her as she lies bleeding, proclaiming her unfit for the liberty she used so splendidly,and pretending that those who threaten her with a renewal of servitude and misery are "light-bearers." Ihave no hope that the ignorant purveyors of hatred and prejudice against the Poleswill change their views or their ways: but atleast Ican and will cry out against them, and proclaim themliarsin the earsof honest men. Our Polish ally had proved herself worthy in everyway to enjoy the freedom so hardly won and so valiantly defended by her people: and those who beat her down to the dust destroyed agreat and progressive State. But, please God, she will rise again: the power ofher tyrants will not endure for ever.

BRITISH M.P.'s STATEMENT.

Commentingrecentlyontheso-called Yaltadecisionsof"TheBigThree"concerning Poland, Sir A. Southby, Conservative M.P., made the following statement:

"Our treatment of Poland was the touchstone by which all our post-war relationship would be made. It was atragicfactthatthe onlyplace where the voice of free Polandand the voice of the Balticrepublics could be heard, twostheHouseofCommons. Itwould he far better that Mth the legitimate Government of Poland in London and the Lublin Government in Poland shouldsurrenderalltheirfunctionsand atrihurity to an international commis. sion.

"There were seven requirements which were essential if Poland was to receive from the Allies just treatment, whichwas herright. Theywere:

"(1) Alldeportations from the whole territory of Poland should now cease. All Polishsubjectswho had eitherbeen deported from or had left any part of Poland should be entitled to return as soon as possible, and all those in concentration camps should be released.

"IYi Any decree or such which prevented the exercise of political rights should be rescinded and, as atokenof good faith, there should be no exercise of influence by Russian troops or civilians, and the N.K.W.D. (RussianSecret Police) should be withdrawn.

"(3) If elections were to mean anything then, subject-to military censorship necessary for security reasons until Gertnanv was defeated, freedom of speech and of press, and the right to hold meetings and broadcasts should be restored at once.

"(4) Only persons of Polish nationality,that is to say,people who were Polish subjects before September, 1939, orthose who would havebeen entitled to political rights had the war not taken place, should be entitled either to be candidatesortovote.

"(5) It is essential that elections should be conducted under the supervision of aneutral or inter-Alliedcommissionwhichshould be establishedat once,and fromthe timeof such anestablishment, order should be maintain. edby mixed garrisons of inter-Allied troops.

"(6) Members offorces of the Polish Republicservingoutside Poland should beentitled to votein the samewayas British troops would be entitled to

WANTED TO BUT:Stoves, Wood flies;PlainandOldRootIron,Ooppars, Resters.Boot Pukes.

zcin BRIO'f.

vote—either directly or by postal burl lot.

"(7) Foreign press correspondents should be admitted into Poland without delay and without imposition of any political restrictions.

"These points Ibelieve to be mini• mum requirements, if Polish elections, as envisaged in the report of the Cri• meaConference,werenottobeamockery;"

FIVE POINTS ON POLAND.

(1) Theso-called"ChrzonLine" was a temporaryarmisticeline,proposedin 1920,with no ethnic nor historical justification.

(2) Eastern Polandwasnot apart of Russia,taken by"Polishaggression."

(9) The proportion of land owned in largeestatesin Polandwasonly 16.2 in1999. It was lessin,Eastern Polandthanin therestof the nation.

(4) The proportion of children,being educated in Poland in 1994 was 90 per cent.—in Russia,72 per cent.

(Year-book of Education,1994,)

(5) Polish social legislation was well advanced,according to British stanlards, with social services and townplanning well developed.

"PUT NOT YOURTRUSTIN....!"

This is how anoted British writer, George Slocombe.reported the historic meeting between General Sikorski, of Poland,and Mr.Churchill,of England ("Sunday Express," July 14,1940):

"To-morrow,Ireturn to France," said General Sikorski,gravely, to the Prime Minister,"and Ihave to face my army... What am Itell them?"

'Tell them," replied Mr. Churchill, "that we are their comrades in life and in death. We shall conquer together or we shall the together."

"That is all Iwish to know," said General Sikorski.

The two Prime Ministers, one the leaderof afree Britain,the other of a martyred but still undying people, shook hands.

"That handshake," General Sikorski toldmeyesterday,"meantmore to me than any treaty of alliance, or any pledgedword." —

AUSTRALIAN MISSION TO ITALIANS

SOME PRACTICALHELPS.

Priests who have Italianparishioners will be glad to know of some readily available religiousliteraturewhichmay be recommended to them. The folIowiuS works have been published by FatherIlugo\fodotti,S.J.,andmaybe procured from the Jesuit Fathers at "Dlanresa," Hawthorn,Victoria: Massimo Eterne (Eternal maxims): This is an excellent handbook, acombined catechism and prayer-book, specially composed by Father.fodotti for use by Italians in Australia. In its 112pageswill befoundeverything that theordinary manneedsforhisspiritual instruction and devotions. Price, 2/6 per copy.

La Piccola Guida: An Italian-English dictionary of 155(16 useful words, also specially prepared by Father Modotti to supply local needs. Full phonetical pronunciation of English words is given, and awealth of useful information and counsel is crammed into asmall space. It is amost useful work for the newly-arrived and the settled immigrant. Price2/--.

VAngelo dellaFamiglia: This is the Australian religious monthly in the Italian language. Nothing could be moreconducive tothestrengtheningof the Faith among our Italian settlers, and their gradual absorption into the Australian Catholic community, than the circulation amongthem ofthis 16page periodical. Subscription,b/- per annum- (Free to prisonersofwar.>