The Record Newspaper 11 April 1945

--Catholic Action Goes to God Will be Better Known Defenders of Australia

'Soldiers Must Be Their Own FirstApostles— Companies of the Cross for Modern Crusaders

The "Companies of the Cross," established in the'Australian Forces, is, Ferhaps, the first movement of speA-alisedCaho}ic Actionin the Englishspeaking armies. It is founded on the principle that "the first apostles of the soldiers must be soldiers" and, like otherCahelic Actionmovements in Australia, broadly follows well-known Jocist methods of apostolate.

The following article outlines its ideals and development:

high in the North of Australia a band of Augustinian Fathers have lab""red for years, planting the seeds of the Faith; seeds that have blossomed now intoacompact little Catholic community with church and convents asits centre. into this district, recently there cage adivision of the A.LF., and soon the little church saw aceremony that was impressive and unusual. Impressive, as the devotion of soldiers always is, and unusual because, apart from little service chapels :sc;ittered through",it the laud, few churches in-lttstrahall can have tyitncsscd the ceremony by which Australian soldiers are admitled to the membership of the Companies of the Cross.

Providentially, five chaplains were grouped with their units around the church and on this night each had brought his squad of leaders for the • combuugd reception.

The Pledge.

So it was one hundred men knelt to recite the solemn pledge of membership. Men who had seen service in the \Vc•stru 1)ctcrt rnhbed ..houlde-s with s veteranof the New Guinea trails and with stripling recruits. Within afew clays, they knew, they would be again on the waters bound for some other past of danger and death; but for the rnllment there was only the chapel, the silence of the hush with straggling sen• tinel gums and, high above, appropriately, "nailed upon the mit, the terrible cross of stars."

The Blessed Sacrament w•as exposed, and the Holy Hour began, the hour that was to be accolade of anew band of knights imbued with the chivalry that shone in the ages of Faith The Rosary was recited and perhaps more than one was distracted with the thought of Lepanto and its Rosaries.

A chaplain spoke upon the rules and object of the Companies and the spirit that in>pired their mmebers. The pledge was spoken:

"Lord God, we kneel before You here present in the Blessed Sacrament, and before this image of Christ Crucified; we consecrate ourselves to Your service in a life of prayer and action, thatYoumay be better known andbetter loved by the defenders of Australia Humbly, yet eagerly, we pledge ourselvc: to say at least line decade of the Rosary daily; to receive lloly Communion asoften as possible to lab. our always to promote reverence for You and for religion; respect for par• ity, recognitionof Our Lady and knowledge of the Church's teaching, through Christ Our Lord, Amen"

The disciplined masculine accents ended, and after amoment of silence the hymn:.of Benediction came, now in children',, voices, sweetened, purified and sharpened: for the girls of the Convent of Merev sang the Benediction that will he unforgettable for the him. Bred. In the English hymns that follocvecd the ervstal of child voices and the strength of soldiers blended in fervent and fiery prayer and praise.

For the men it had been amoving event. One of them with the inspira• tion still fresh upon his spirit, wrote enthusiastically: 'an indelible impression ... on A.I.F. representatives of the six States ... whose lives are now de• dicated to God and to Australia. From the coldness of camp life we had stepped for one evening into 'that city where the human heart has warmth' Outside it is night."

The Soldiers' Apostolate.

One hundred leaders went back to their units pledged to the age-old vocation, to be "other apostles; ready to

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become "all things to all rhen that they u;ight gainall for Christ"

"The first apostles of iworkers must be the workers themselves" the Pope had said; the inference was clear; the first apostles of the soldiers must be soldiers.

That is the destiny set for the Comuanies of the Cross: They are the official Catholic Action of the Fores. It was at the command of the Chaplain General, His Grace Archbishop Alannix, they came into being. The hand• book is the work of apriest who was himself achaplain, who checked and collated with his own, the experience of other chaplains in all fronts where Australian soldiers were fighting. lfonthsof experiment and prayer went into its fashioning; societies and sodalities already in existence were tried; allhad tobechanged drastically to suit service conditions. From the men themselves came an insistent demand for their own organisation which would develop itsown methods and emblems, and aspirit borne of the twofold in• spiration, the soldiers' strength and the apostles ardour.

Whythe Cross?

In those days of experiment the idea of acrusade kept recurring, and always, unhesitatingly, the Cross was chosen as symbol.

That was natural. Hardship and heroism are the pattern of the soldiers' life; both reach their climax ill the Victim of the Cross. Amid the alternate enervation and fierce hardship of the soldiers' life the Cross is bracing in its refining fierceness of suffering; thesight of itsteadied themand gave them the necessary sternness to face life sturdily.

Then they had, too, so much in common with the Crusaders. The very word Crusade came from Crux—across. bearer. The Crusaders fought con• sciously for Christ and for acceptance of His teachings in all the details of life. That is precisely the object of the Companies. They wore the cross on theirbreasts; the men of to-day ,

all at least enshrine it in their minds— the badge and character of the Conn panies.

It is notamass movement. part of the work of its members may often be the arranging of general Communions, and, where circumstAnces permit, the establishingof a

Holv Name Society.

The Small Group.

But the movement itself kone of small groups; the model is the group of apostles around Christ Himself. He chose them, trained them, imbued them with something of Ilis own zeal and sent them to preach and teach and act asIle hadshown them.

So in camps, stations and field units to-dav: the chaplain, the "other Christ" follows the exampleof the Jfas•

War' by the

ter and collects around him the "other apostles" who become men after his ownheart, sharing with himtheintolerable burdens of his chaplaincy. Con. sumed with something of his own unresting anxiety to have men loyal to Christ, and the whole conditions of service life consistentwith the teachingsof Christ. New men must be contacted, careless Catholics encouraged, men must be steered, shretwdly and goodhumouredly, from the thousand temptationsofservice life.

And beyond all this, every aspect of that service life must be investigated, judged according to Christ's teach. ing. Slowly and perseveringly the whole of life must be taken to pieces and built anew according to the plan of Christ the leader.

After all, that is what Catholicity means; Christ taught not merely concerning Massand Sacraments; Hegave men the "good news," the Gospel, that was meant to be apattern of all life for all men. And Catholics, baptised as followers of Christ, confirmed as fightersofChrist,areresponsible to flint for the spreading of that teaching today.

From the realisation of that have sprung the Companies of the Cross.

Organised (Movement.

The lesson of our civilian life is all too plain; Christians, Catholic and nonCatholic alike, have neglected that side of the Christian mandate; and the ene mies of Christ have done so much to disgrace, and deChristianise the Australian tray of life.

Slowly the average decent Australian has realised that he had sold the pass; now steadily he is re-asserting himself and the way back is difficult.

Our armies are fighting for Christian civilisation; it will be too bitter an irony if in the process of their fighting their ownChristianity should fail.

The Companies of the Cross are not meant as avague gesture with pious and futile yearnings. It is an organised movement, tightly knit and disciplined: it is realist in its method and in its inspiration; it is planned in our own day to meet an existing situation. Chaplains have been provided with Handbooks and groups are operating in nearly every sphere of action in navy, armyand airforce. Hlen in isolated units, stationed far from the nearest chaplain, are running highly successful groups. In many places girls

in the services have either joined with men's or formed groups of their own.

J.O.C. Technique.

The method is that already familiar to those who have known Y.C.W. N.C..11\V.. N.C.G.\1., and the other developments of the well-tried J.O.C. technique.

(Continued on Page 13.)

The "Swoon" and "Vision" Theories Exploded.

CatholicsdonotpayforMasses

To-day, Easter Sunday, we commemorate the Feast of the Resurrection of Christ. "The third day Ile ruse again from the dead;" is an article of the Apostles' Creed. . .. Jesus Christ claimed to be God; and foretold that He would rise from the (lead, as we read in several texts of Scripture. For instance, !Matt. XVIL, 21: "From, that time Jesus began to show His disciples that Ile mustgo to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the ancientsand scribes and chief priests, and be put to death, and the third day rise again;" Alatt. XVIL, 9 (after the Transfiguration) : "And as they came down from the mountain, Jesus charged them, saying: 'Tell the vision to no man, till the Son of man be risen from the dead: "

Thus Christ claimed that Ile would rise: according to the Gospels He did rise from the dead. on the first day of the week following His crucifixion and death. hence the commemoration of Easter Sunday, and the place of prime importance this day holds in the Christian calendar. Because if Christ dirt rise from the dead, He proved Himself God and put the seal of Divine Authority on His teachings; if Ile did not. Ile was shown to be either an imposter or avictim of delusions. This is stated, succinctly, by St. Paul: "And if Christ be not risen again, then is our preaching vain, and your faith is also vain." (ICor. XV., it.)

The Resurrection is the great proof of Christ's Divinity. Without it all other proofs advanced, no matter hoc valid they might seem in themselves• would fall to the ground. And yet, if Christ had not risen, twe would be hard put to it to explain away the other proofs; to explain how,

aman who worked miracles and even raised the dead to life, aman who foretold

the future, aman who preached such asublime doctrine, was uch afool as to believe in His own resurrection which did not eventuate.

Hostile critics, of course, deny the truth of Christ's Resurrection. Some reject the Gospel story because they cannot accept the Resurrec•tinn which is"apriori" reasoning. Some accept theGospel story aswritten, but set out to explain away its obvious meaning. Their arguments may be reduced to two: either Christ did not really die; or if He did,

Iris .Apostles and disciples were victims of hallucination, when they claimed to see Him. touch Him, and speak with Him. In either of these hypotheses the burden of proof is with the critic who attacks, and it is no light burden, as can he seen from the laboured arguments so often advanced.

About the first theory—the Swoon theory—i.e., that Christ dirt not really die—little need be said: the evidence of Christ's death is overwhelming. it is extremely) difficult to understand how anyone could advance this theory, were he not faced with the difficulty of the Resurrection; and. it seems b. me, these same critics would give us short shrift if there were no question of aResurrection and we were trying to explain our difficulties by shoving that Christ did tint die.

The second theory—the Vision The. ory—is that the so-called appearances of the Risen Christ were imaginary, visions born of hope'and desire, and projected by the imagination of Christ's followers. But will this theory bear serious examination in the light of the evidence'. Tt will not. Tn the first place the disciples had no hope of aResurrection; of

the contrarv, thev even refused to hplieve thnt it had occurred; so far were the ap-

pearances of Christ from being the lruit of their imagination, that they repeatedly failed to recognise Him. In the second place, a.group of pcupl,' " dozen, on one occasion free hundred, do not see an imaginary vision at the same time; nor do sane people talk with, walk with, and eat with visions.

The Apostles were convinced, be. wond doubt that Christ was risen, and not merely for afew days or afew years, but for the remainder of their lives. They made the truth of the Resurrection acardinal point in their peaching and wereswilling to die for it.

These hostile critics who accept the Gospel story, must also explain away the stratagem of the Jewish priests reported by Matthew, the bribe given to the guards at the sepulchre. In return these guards said: that, while they slept, the disciples came and removed Christ's Body. But who can rely on sleeping witnesses?

The truth is that he, who would interpret the text of the Gospels to deny the truth of the Resurrection must do violence to the evidence.... If Christ were God the Resurrection would not have been impossible; on the contrary, it would have been expected. As things are, to deny the Resurrection of Christ is to deny His divinity.

J. S. Cross, Lyall's Mill:

Q.: Where does the fee go which is charged for the repose of the souls of the dead?' Does it go to the benefit of the Church or to charity?

A.: There is no fee charged for Mass ,or the dead. rho offering for such a \lass is made to the priest who celebrates the Nlays; it is arecognised part of his income. The offering is in return for his services—not for the spiritual fruit of the Mass—as Catholics well un• derstand. In some parishes part of the offering for aFuneral Mass, i.e., the Mass which forms partof Obsegnniesfor the Dead, is allotted to the fund for the upkeep of the Church in the way of furnishings, altar requisites, etc.

Q.: You said in one of your sessions that there is no fee charged,

S. M., Victoria Park:

Q.: In your session you answered a question to the effect that the Catholic Faith did'not receive payment for the repose of the soul of adead Catholic. My sister-in-law still pays for her first husband who died twenty-five years ago.

A.: After what has been explaifted often in this session. Imake no further comment on this letter. Even allowing for looseness of phrasing, such a display of ignorance is appalling.

"Learner," Cottesloe:

"Listener," Collie:

Q.: "Learner," whie not holding the opinion himself, quotes from abook by one William Goldsack, entitled "Roman Catholicism Exposed and Refuted." Here is the question: "To say that the Lord Jesus Christ is or can be offered up. in Sacrifice is to rule out the whole argument of the Epistle to the Hebrews,"

A.: This objection has often been raised before; the point of the objection is always the same: Christ offered an eternal and completely satisfactory sacrifice once and for all on the Cross. This, of course, isoneof the'oldest Protestant points of attack on Catholic dogma—the value of the Mass; in this instiuce it is directed strictly against the sacrificial nature of the \lass and the argument is drawn from the Epistle to the Hebrews.

Q.: Far from Christ being sacrificed again and again, the Epistle to the Hebrews tell us that "Jesus is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true, but into Heaven itself now to appear in the presence of God for us." (Heb. R, 24.)

A.: This and the other texts quoted from the Epistle summarise sufficiently well St. Paul's teaching on the Sacrifice of Christ as completely satisfactory and eternal:. . "So also Christ • was offered once to exhaust the sins of many," (Ileb. -1-

,2SJ

TELEPHONE:

A.: It was said in this session that in certain circumstances Maps would be said without any offering, e.g., in the cape of afuneral Nlass when the relatives could not afford an offering. As amatter of fact priests often offer \lass at the request of people who make no offering. Apriest knows his own people and would not refuse to offer \lass for them when an offering could not be made without inconvenience.

Q.: Ican mention acase where apriest refused to say Mass until the fee was paid. A.: First of all let it be said that ordinarily apriest is not bound to assume the obligation of saying Mass 1whenever it is asked of him. Ile may decline the obligation, offering or no offering. if, however, be does assunte the obligation, he is bound to offer the Blass.

In the case you mention the priest may have had agood reason for refusing to assume the obligation of saying \lass without anoffering. You do not state the circumstances, nor even if you are fully aware df them.

But Catholic interpreters draw this same meaning from these Pauline texts: they say that "exhaust the sins of manv" means to draw out to the very bottom the sins of mankind by a plentiful and perfect redemption. How

Hassell's. B6S07.

InWhatSenseistheMassaTrueSacrifice? ... Does It ,

Conflict With St

Necessity of aPriesthood — Our

. Lord Did Not Yield to Despair on the Cross

is it then that they also do not find this interpretation to be in direct contradiction to -

Catholic teaching about theSacrificeofthe Mass? This isthe question? Whatisrthe answer?

1.St.Paul'slineofreasoningisbased on the contrast between the Sacrifices and Priesthood of the Old Testament and the Sacrifice and Priesthood of Christ, the High Priest, of the New Testament. "But Christ, being come ahigh priest of.the good things to come,by a gre4er and more perfect tabernacle not made with hands, that is, not of this creation: Neither by the blood of goats or of calves,but by His own blood, entered once into the Holies, having obtained eternal Redemption."(Heb. IX, 11.12.) Christ was not of the Levitical priesthood. "If then perfection was by the Levitical priesthood(for under it the people received thelaw),whatfurtherneedwas there that another priest should rise according to the order of Melchisdeck. and not be called according to the orderof Aaron." (Heb.VII,11.)

Therefore it is clear that St. Paul was concerned with showing that the Priesthood of the-Old Testament and the Sacrifices of the Old Testament Passed with the coming of Christ— they were but the shadow of the substance of Christ's Sacrifice and Christ's eternal priesthood.

Now they who attack the Sacrifical • value of the Mass take this teaching of St.Paul and use itas an argument for their case. But Catholic theology whileholdingjustasstrongly thecompletely satisfactory and eternal value of Christ's Sacrifice, also holds that the Mass is atrue Sacrifice, since it is not distinct from the Sacrifice of the Cross. By that one Sacrifice of the CrossChrist paid,once and for all, the ransom of all mankind; there can be no repetition of the Sacrifice in that manner—hut thatdoesnothinder that Ile may offer Himself in another manner ifor the daily -

application of that one Sacrifice of Redemption to the soils of men.

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2. Catholic Theology holds that the MassisatrueSacrifice.becauseall the elementsof aSacrifice arepresent:

(a) The Victim: The Body and Bloodof Christ, under the appearances of bread and wine.

(b) The -

Priest: Christ a's Eternal priest through the ministry of his priests.

c) The four ends ofSacrifice: Praise, Thanksgiving, Satisfaction for Sin, Supplication.

Ihave already indicated what is the relationship between the Sacrifice of the Mass and the Sacrifice of the Cross: The Mass is one and the same sacrificewith the Sacrifice oftheCross, though offered in adifferent manner. "As often as ye eat this Bread and .drink this Cup, ye procla; - !eath of the Lord until He come."

(ICor, XI, 26.)

"Listener,"Collie:

"J. A. Buckingham,"Perth: Q.: WhendidChristestablishanorder of priests to offerup His body?

'A.: The answer to this question follows from that given to the question just discussed. Sacrifice demands a priesthood. Since Christ established the Sacrifice of the Mass, Ile also es• tablished apriesthood. Christ ordained rthe Apostles priests when, at the Last Supper, Ile conferred on them the power of sacrifice rwith the words: "Do this in commemoration of Me," (Luke XXII., 19.) Three days later, when

He breathed on them and said:"Receive ye the Holy Ghost: Whose sins you shall forgive they are forgiven them: and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained."(John XX,22-23.) Hegave them the power of absolution. And in these two powers the priesthood was complete.

"Muddley Mary," North Perth:

Q.: Itwas apleasure tolisten to your vastly interesting discourse contending that Our Lord Jesus Christ was God Himself.

A.:\Cebelieve—andIhopeyou have heard to-night further reasons for our belief that Christ was indeed God Himself. -

Q.: If Hewas God Himself,why could He not rise triumphant over all things earthly. He died in despair. Iwould be grateful if you would make this point clear.

A.: Ishall endeavour to make the paint quite clear and to explain the words ofChrist on the Cross which you quote as the reason of your difficulty: "My God, My- God, why hast Thou forsaken

ale?"

Q.: Please do not tell me that He rose triumphant of Easter morn. This does not satisfy for His despairing and hopeless death.

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A.: This seems to curt the ground from under my feet. It seems you will not allow me to say that One could scarcely have died in despair, whowasdestinedto rise from thedead. So be it. But you cannot get away —even humanly 'speaking—from Christ's own belief in His Resurrection. There is no need for me to repeat fully,Nrhat Isaid this evening in my introductory talk, viz., that Christ believed and taught that, on the third day after His death, He would rise again. Now how does that belief fit in with your theory that Ile died in despair? Did Ile lose His belief on the Cross? Did the weightofHis sufferings,His agony,and asense of desolation cause Him to doubt His own destiny? Again, humanly speaking,

.Paul's Teaching

thatis theonly explanation inkeeping with your theory. Youwould say, in effect,that even if Christdidrise from the dead He Himself had, on the Cross, lost hope of doing so. But that does not make sense. Is there no other explanation? There is.

The words which Christ used:

"`Iv God,

My God, why hastThouforsaken Me?" are the fast words of Psalm XXI. (Psalm XXII., the Auth. Ver. sion). Christ was wont to quote the Scriptures and to apply themto Himself as the Messias.

In the Synagogue at Nazareth He appliedto Himself thewordsdfIsaias: "The spirit of the Lord is upon me; wherefore He hath anointed me to preach the Gospel to the poor: He hath sent me to heal the contrite of heart."(Luke 4, 19s.(Isai. 61). In the beginning of His ministry He repulsedthethreefoldtemptations of the devil by the oracles of the Scriptures. Now in His agony He borrowed a prayer from the Psalms.

Now, many commentators say that doubtless, Jesus continuedtorecitethe wholeofthe Psalm,ofwhichtheEvangelists record only the opening words. But even if you will not accept that, the spiritof the Psalm showsthequality of His prayer. It is aprophetic Psalm; describing in advance the sufferings of the Messias,as reference to some of its verses shows:

"Iamaworm andnoman: the reproach of men and the outcast of the people. Allthat saw mehavelaughed me toescorn: they have spoken with the lips and wagged the head.

"They- have dug myhandsand my

feet: they have numbered all my bones.

And they have looked and stared upon me: they parted my garments amongst them:and upon my vesture they castlots."

ItisaPsalmwhichbeginswith.acry of anguish but ends on anote,ofhope and triumph:

"Ye that fear the Lord, praise Him: all ye seed of Jacob glorify Him.

"Neitherhath He turnedaway His face drom me: and when Icried to Him, He heard me.

And to Him my soul shall live: andmyseedshall serve Him.

"There shall be declared to the Lord ageneration to come: and the Heavens shall show forth His justice to apeople that shall be born, which the Lord bath made."

Andsothe words which muddled your mind have adifferent meaning from what you thought. They only confuse you; but they have been used at all times by the enemies of Christ to show that He died the death of a coward and afailure. Isay "by the enemies of Christ." because this useof the words is made not in aspirit of disinterested criticism but in a spirit of hostility to Christ and the Christian religion, The last words spoken by Christ on the Cross are passed over. Those words are also the echo of aPsalm: they are words of calm confidence: "Father into Thy hands Icommend My spirit." (Matt. 23, 46.)

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N.C.R.M. -

flans Regional Groups -

Farmers and Men of Country Towns' Are One .

Unity

Making Regionalism aReality

How the Catholic Plan will Work

A further advance towards the complete organisation of the N.C.R.M. is being made in 1945 with the organisation of the Regional groups.

To date the Rural Movement has concentrated mainly on the organisa. Will of the fanning population proper. In farming districts specialised groups of the N.C.R.N1. exist for adult men and women, and in the last near abe. ginning has been made with the organisation of the young Catholic fanners groups, which roughly cover the younger people on the land, boys and girls meeting separately. In the schools Voting Farmers' Clubs are in existence, and this year it is intended tounifythem intoone N.C.R.\I,organi. sation within country schools, which we will call AGRA.

The NC.R.\L, however, has never confined its attention to the farmers alone. The philosophy of the N.C.R.\l. regards the whole of rural life as being one unity, aunity which embraces not only the farmer, his wife, his sons and his daughters, but also thebusiness and professional man in the country town.

The country town when it fulfils its purpose is not alittle bit of the metropolis which by accident has beenlocatedinacountryarea. Itis theregional centre. It draws its life from the surrounding countrvAde, and in return it provides, or should provide, a whole wealth of social, economic culturaland educational facilities for the farm families in the hinterland about it.

Withoutthese facilities rural lifecan easily degenerate into adull and brutish thing. The loneliness of the farm family which is forced to turn in upon itself because it has no social contacts outside can easily become aselfish in. dividualism which is the worst enemv of that collective life and action which we call Christianity. It can easily heo'ine apagan materialism, for the soil without religion has proved, in the V.S.A.,for instance, farmore dangerous to thesoulsofmen than the worstevils of the city.

So that the farmer and the man of the countrytownare oneunity. They exist for each other, and their life he. comes richer insofar as they can increase the contacts and the collaboration which exists between them.

This truth has alw•ays been realised by the 11ovenient. Now is the time,

Weever,when the \lovement cony do the greatest good by acting on this idea. The interest of alarge number of publicmenhasbeen attracted tothe regional organisation of Australia, as the consciousness has grown that the concentrationofour people inthegreat cities is destroying the nation. The Department of Post War Reconstruction is actively furthering regional development. Regionalconferenceshave been held in various parts of Australia. The stage seems to he set for the performanceofavital jobfor Australia in changing the hasis of Australian life from an urban to arural and regional basis.

people and ofeconomic life in the capi tal cities has continued apace.

The task of the N.C.R.\l. is to train regional leaders men who will not only know the ideas of regionalism but who will have the drive and determination to do something to apply them to the situation in theirown particular region and to whom the nation can look for practical and self-sacrificing work in this sphere.

For this work, accordingly, the N.C.R.M. intends to form groups in all the main regional town's. These groups will compose across section of the population of these towns. There will be business men, doctors,lawyers, public servants, and nearby farmers. rhe aim is to found an N.C.R •

11, Regional Group in every country town of any importance.

The programme is relatively simple. in drawing upthis statement it is taken for granter) that the general purposes of forming agroup are known, and also the general methods by which agroup is conducted.

In anv case, this information can be gainer) in other Rural Movement puhlications.

The task of the Regional Groups is threefold:

1. To stuck- and familiarise themselves with the literature on regionalism and with the -

general programme of the N.C.R.M.

2. Once this has been properly assimilated, the task of the group is to sit as akindof Ro_valCommission on its own town. and its own region "ncrally. it should determine how far the townmeasures up to theideal of aregional .

centre for the surrounding rural hinterland, what are the measures which are needed to bring it up to the required standard, what are the measures which are needed to place the whole of the region on a sound and stable basis.

3. The third task is the one of action, ARoyal Commission is in the fortunate position that it has only to recommend to the Government. If it fails to do so no responsibility attaches to the Commission. The Regional Group must

carry out the recommendedaction as-far aslies in its power.

Mangthingswhich itsees to he neces. -ary for the town or the region will, of course, he beyond its powers. These may properlybe thesubject ofGovernmentaction. Theymaybe the subject matter of legislation. They may require financial expenditure which can only lie met by Government or municipalities. Bull thereare many facilities andamenitiesinarural town whichare ableto he providedby co-operative vol. untary effort. The collaboration of the group and otherorganisations in a regional town.

PROCEDUREFORGROUPMEETINGS.

1. Opening Prayers:

Rosaryand Prayer of the N.C.R.\1.

2.Priest'sTalk (10minutes):

Jlaterial for the priest's talk may be found in"The Chaplain of the N.C.R.\l.," which is posted quarterly to country priests by the

3. GospelDiscussion (13 minutes):

IEach member of the Group should rod that part of the Gospel hich is prescribed before thy:..i•etu;a. At iii, inecting the pas=arc • ;eau b) tine Group leaderand afulldiscussion takes place.i

4. Report of Last Meeting (five min. utes:

Ateachmeeting the secretary should give abrief report of matters discussed at the previous meeting, so that where necessary- discussion can follow straight on

6. Main Topic of Meeting (60minutes):

Thi< is that part of the study programme which is laid clown for the meeting.

6. General Business f13 minutes):

Thisincluded the reading of all correrpondence receiver) by Groupofficers, either from Headquarters or fromother Groups. During this part of themeeting also the current issue of "Rural Life" should be discussed

7. Discussicn of Local Problems (10 minutesl:

As the Regimial Group should be the centre cf activity in acountry parish, there is acertain secti.ri of each Group meeting allotted to the discussion of local problems. Every country town has its own particular probems—sometimes small ones, and sometimes big— and often the Group can do something to help. For example, there may be an opportunity of helping asmallbusiness man who has just come to the town; there may be some difficulty on the local Council concerning the regional planning or civic affairs, amatter on which the Catholic population has definite ideas: there may be aproposal to establish a community centre; there may be an alarming increase of juvenile delinquency in the centre. inall these things the N.C.R.\I,isvital. ly interested, and if the \lovement is ever to achieve the real moral leadership of the community, it must be well toQie fore inall these matters.

8.,Afternoon Tea or Supper:

Thin is, of course, not an essential part ofthe meeting,thoughit isstrongIv recommended to Groups as ameans of introducing an informal and friendly atmosphere art meetings. It should be enmha'siscd here that for many reasons, not the least of them being the extra work placed on the wives and families ofmembers, this suppershould be as simple is possible.

9. Closing Prayer: At the close of Group meetings the general prayer of Catholic Action—the prayer fortheConversionof Australia— should he said. This can he foundon theliack ofN.C.R.M.membershipcards.

PROGRAMME FOR 1946.

The programme for the first year is hated on twotopics:

For the informal discussion method to be asuccess, however, certain rules must be followed: .

1. Every -

person must do the read. ing prescribed. In this case it is easy since there are only nwo books listed and they should .be conveni. ently read and discussed within a year.

`L. At thebeginning, the programme for the year should be divided into convenient parts, which sshould not be too large individually to be dealt with properly at one meeting. The chapter headsare ausefulindication but generally achapter will have tii be divider) intoone or more parts to becoveredproperlywithinameeting,

3. Adifferentperson should be appointed to leadthe discussion at each meeting. This person should read with more detailed attention than other members of the group and should, wherever possible, go beyond the actual prescribed reading. Local libraries should contain further ma. terial on this and kindred matters.

C:.eful books are as follows:

"Farmers inaChanging World" tli.S. Dept. of Agriculture).

"Planning the Ilodern State" (Gland ,

. "The Geographical Basis of Govern. ment" (McDonald Ilolmes)..

"A Time forGreatne•,

s" IAgar).

"The Culture of Cities"(Ilurnford).

•'ranted—aPlan" (Report submitted by Victorian Inst. of Archs.)

"'town and Country'•(Penquin Spp) (Synopsis of Barlow, Scott and Gt_ whatt Reports).

"T.V.A." (Julian IIuxlev)

"Pattern for Peace" (A.N.S.C.A.).

"England and the Farmer" (Dfassingham).

"English Saga" (Bryant),

"Ap Agricultural Testament" ISir Albert Iloward).

"Rural Roads to Security" (Ligutti and Rawe).

"International Economic Disintegration"(Ropke),

Flight from the City"(Borsodi).

"The Land and the Nation" t

Wad. hami.

"Country Towns of Victoria" (\lclnt_yre).

•Belgian Rural Co-operation" (Ross)

Reports of the Rural Reconstrue. tional Commission.

It is avery good idea for the Group to build up its own library. These books would make an excellent beginning, for as books of reference, they contain awealth of information which should be at the disposal of those who will lie undertaking active work.

The difficulty in buildingupalibrary at the moment is that hooks of any kind, but especially those from overseas, are very difficult to obtain. how. ever, if agroup wants any particular hook, Headquarters will make an attempt to obtain it. There willbe long delays owing to transport difficulties, so that orders should he made well in advance.

NOTES ON THEPROGRAMME.

Thereismore than adangerthat this whole opportunity may be ruined. Once political parties take up thequestion of regional development it is almost certain that the idea will be compromised be the political interests of thepartyconcerned. Thereisthedan ger that not only politicians but pulllit men of all varieties, overawed by the immensity of the task before its. mac reduce their allegiance to the regional idea to mere lip service, it is notable that all political parties have had the policy which they vaguelv call"decentralisation" on their platVrins for many years, but in all that time no real step has been taken in that dire ,

That is the programme then. itsdevelopment will not be the matter of a dayorevenayear. its variationfrom year to year will depend on the practical experiments which are conducted by different groups in different centres. As opportunities for practical work arise in aparticular centre from the idea which has been generated by the studies and investigations of aparticular group, allassistance will he furnish. ed by headquarters to the group making the experimen:. It it proves itself it will then be suggested to other groups liv headquarters in subsequent programmes.

*;-nnod the concentrationof

That is the wav in which the Rural !.lovement has always carried on its work. Practical plans like Credit 1'nioms Co-operative insurance, have become realities because one group has pioneered them and others have taken them up after they have been approved,

1. Astudy- of the principles under_ lying regional development.

6laterial for this is contained in "The Earth Our Ilother," chapter IV.)

2. Astudvofaregional programme actuallyput intooperation—thework of the Tennessee Valley :Authority in America. (Material for this is contained in the book. "TV.A.," by Lilienthal) Both of these hooks are obtainable from Ileadquarters, Both books should he owned by everyGroup member.

The form of study undertaken in these groups is very simple. it has nothing in common with the full and academic lecture which has done so much tomake studv thepastimeof the highbrow. Rather the aim should he an informal discussion which can ac• ttiall-

teach more -ince it brings every pf-cin into the discussion.

This programme is meant more ,to give asketchy indication of what is required than actuallv to fill in all the details. The detailed work is that of the chaplain and group leader working in conjunction. At the very beginning of the year they should plan the course of meetings together, and from meeting to meeting they should make prelim nary plans,workingout the main ideas which will be dealt with, the questions which will he asked so that everybody will be brought into the discussion and soon.

To effectively carry on the work of the group, the member will need the following literature:

This Programme.

"The Earth our Alother."

"TA_,A by Lilienthal.

'rl," 1+ ,

ttfur the Land "

"What Are We Driving At?"

"The Gospel Discussion."

The New Testament."

"Rural Life" (monthly): Free to all financial members of the Nr.C.RM,

TheBlessedEucharisthasitsownInnateEfficacy

00 111 Dispositions Necessary for Worthy

Preparation of Soul and Body For Holy Communion

THECOMMUNICANT.

Who may receive Holy Communion?

According to the present discipine of the Church, all those may—and within the prescribed period must—receive Communion who have begun to use their reason; that is"about their 7th. -year,or later, or even sooner." The degreeofreligiousknowledgewhichforms the sufficientminimum forbeingbound under pain of sin to receive It is that the child"distinguishesthe Eucharistic bread from commonandmaterialbread so as to approach the Holy Eucharist with such devotion as befits its age." Moreover, the communicant must understand according to his capacity the ♦iollowing truths: One God in Three Persons—Father, Son, and Holy Ghost —Who rewards the good and punishes thewicked. That the Second Person, Jesus Christ, became Man and died for our salvation. The above suffices in order to place achild under the same obligation of making its Easter duties thatbindsits elders. Experience proves thatchildrenoftensatisfy the saidcon.ditions sooner than their seventh year. When this is the case they are bound by the raster duty. The Papal Decree "Quam Singulari" of condemns the al;use so long practised of delaying the First Communinn of children who have reached acertain use of redmn, an error apparently due to neglect of the admitted thenlogical teaching as to the inherent eflicac_v of Sacraments, and the principle that the Sacraments are instituted for the bcnefit of mankind.

The Council of Trent has defined thatSacraments produce theireffect ex opere operato, which means that the grace-giving power of aSacrament is not to be attributer) to the personal dispositions of the receiver as to its cause, but to the inherent power of the rite infused into it by Jesus Christ. Certain very elementary personal dispositions are needed as conditions for rendering the soul capable of the sacramental operation, and also—in proportion to their perfection—to enable theSacrament toworkinthesoul more ahondantly. But the part played by subjective dispositions is simpl-, that ofremovingobstaclestothe working of theSacrament, accordingto its particular character and purpose, or of facilita+ing its fuller effect.

In the case of the Blessed Eucharist. .the onlysubjective dispositiondemandod rf the cnnnnunicant—for removing obstacles to Its sanctifying operation —is freedom from conscious mortal sin This follows from the chnracte- of th^ earrnment, which hevonu to the class cnllerl"Sacraments of the living," or Sacraments to be adminkte•edl to those only who are already spiritually living—i.e., in possessinn of the grace .and friend hipofGod—and intended to inrreare grace, Tint to restore it after being lost by sin. Ilence, to benefit by the Blessed Eucharist, the recipient* must be previously in astate of grace and free from mortal sin.

USE OFTHE HCLY EUCHARIST.

fn iloly Communion we reSeive in very truth Jesus Christ, God and man. _That we need to prepare for His coming goeswithout saying. The problem, when we realise Who and What He is, .seems rather, How could we ever prepare enough? If we regarded only the impassable abyss that naturally separates the creature from the Infinite Majesty and Holiness ofGod, then we should have to allow that not the sinless Mother Herself could ever in the strict sense be worthy to receive Flim. This of itself proves that the preparation required by God of us sinstained mortals must he regulated according to our human possibilities, and not according to His deesrts.

Had this higher standardbeen appointed to its, then Our Lord's Institution of the Holy Sacrament would have beenfutile.

Comingdown, then, to what is humanlyfeasible,whatare theessentialand desirable dispositions demanded of us when receiving the Divine Guest into our lowly abodes?

ASacramentisdestinedforthe bene, fit of that part of our human composi. tion which is spiritual—our souls. But we, the receivers, are not exclusively spiritual beings. As human creatures we have amaterial, visible element in us—our body with its senses. Hence our preparation for receiving the Div. ine Guest in Holy Communion, in order to be suited to our human con. dition, must embrace both elements of our composition, or it will not he human. This recalls aprinciple already mcnt—viz., that our human worship of dwelt on under the'First CommandGodgenerallymustbringthebodyinto playaswellasthesoul. Thusourpre. sentsubject naturally dividesitselfinto two—preparation of soul; preparation of body.

Preparation of Soul for Holy Cam, munion.

The question to be answered is this: What are the dispositions required for receiving our Divine Lord in the Blessed Eucharist? Here again we must discriminate between (1) Essential Dispositions, those without which aComnumion would be bad and unworthy— sacrilegious, in'fact, and with which no one can possibly receive unworthily, nor without fruit and benefit;(2), Desirable Dispositions, those which anyone who rcali'scs What he is receiving mustsee atonce to be mostbecoming.

Essential Spiritual Preparation.

The only preparation strictly and in. dispensably demanded is possession of the state of grace—i.c, freedom from conscious mortal sin which has not iocn confessed with sorrow and purpose of amendment.

Given, then the state of grace, it is simple impossibility for aperson to made an "unworthy" Comnumion. Moreover, it follows that if Our Lord be received worthily, the reception of Ili, ,

:luthorof Grace nrtt ,

tinevitablybe fruitful also. Holy Communion TV

ceived in grace must, ofits own innate efficacy as aSacrament of Christ, pro• duce its effect, or fruit, which is an in. rca•e of the spiritual life of grace.

We have already noted more than once, but not once too often that Sac. raments work in our souls ex opere operato—that is to say. of their inherent virtue and force, as instrument's ordained by Christ—unless apositive obstacle be interposed. And in the case of the holy Eucharist only the complete absence of supernatural life, through grievous sin, can hinder that life being increased and strengthened. Forthat whichisdesignedforfoodcan. not benefit the dead. The substantial efficacy, therefore, of Sacraments in no way depends on the personal religious activity of the receiver at the time of reception, any more than upon the worthiness of the ministering priest. Such personal effort is, indeed, needed accidentally for removing obstacles. if obstacles happen to exist—e.g, for making agood confession when mortal sin has been committed. But such a "work of the worker" (opus operantis) does not positively contribute, as a cause, to the efficacy of the Holy Eucharist received afterwards.

Nevertheless,weshouldgatheravery false impression from the teaching of Councils and of theology ifwe inferred therefrom that agood Catholic communicant ought, or was tfained by his faith, to confine himself, or does, in fact,confine himself merely to procur-

ing thestate ofgrace. Adueappreciation of so sacred and solemn an act— by far the greatest act open to any layman in this life—obviously suggests the propriety of still more perfect spirituall preparation for Communion. No degreeof preparedness that we can attain to, according to the measure of God's help inditidually vouchsafed to us, could possibly exceed or equal the meritsof the case.

Remote Preparation.-1.

Freedom from venial sin (as far as possible)andfrom any lurking attachment to it. Irefer chiefly to venial sm in its mere deiberate and calculatingforms. Venialsinsmay becleaned away by Confession, orevenbyactsof sorrow without Confession, or by a devout use of sacramentals, such as holywater. ,In this connectionitmay be said that one Communion is about the best preparation we can make for another,ifonlyforthe reason that,ac cording to the teaching of the Council of Trent, reiterated by the Roman DecreeonDaily Communion, by the Holy Eu•.harist"we are cleansed from venial sins andpreserved from mortal ones."

2. RecollectionofMind:

This consists in keeping more or less constantly before our minds the thought of the great act we are about to perform, and banishing from the same—as•far as our duties in life and necessary occupations allow—thoughts foreign to the subject of Holy Communion. We may thus recollect ourselves on waking upon the day of Communion If our recollection we extended further back to the eve, in the forun of avoiding frivolity and dissipation ofmind, why,somuch the better.

By way of maintaining recollection, ,

the following practices helpful—e.g., the occasional use of short ejaculatory prayers expressing faith, hope, love of God, self-abasement at the thought of our own unworthi ness, desire to receive Our Lord etc.; alsoashort visit to the Blessed Sacrament, or the reading of some passage from asuitable spiritual book—for ex. ample, from the Fourth (look of the "imitation of Christ;" the performance of some virtuous act such as an act of charity; or an act of self-denial towards our neighbour, resignation and patience in some trouble orworry, etc.

(b) Immediate Preparation,or Devo• tions before HolyCommunion: People are differently constituted. Some need no book of devotions, except their own heads, and can profit. -ably spend the time immediately preVeilin g

Holy Communion in devout meditation, or in vocal prayers recited by heart attentively and in athoughtful or meditative way. The less edu. dated, perhaps, will use their rosary, adding prayers of ejalculationsof their own in reference to Our Lord in the Blessed Sacrament just before going to the Communion-rails. Others needthe assistance ofaPrayerBook, containing specific devotions for Communion, in ordertokeeptheirattentionfixed. In thismatter the golden rule foreach individual is: Do that which you personally find most conducive to earnest devotion. But do not leave things to chance, or to the pious fancy of the moment. Were we expecting some royal personage to visititsinourhome, we should make anything but ahaphazard preparation. Yet "aGreater than he is here."

What has been said above as to forms of immediate preparation appliesequallytoprayersin thanksgiving after Communion. It is evident that acommunicant need have no scruple when home ,or other duties, or the

Reception

necessity of catching atrain involves acertain curtailment of th e

time spent in devotions before or after Communion. Theessential fruitfulness of.the Sacramentdoesnotdependuponeither practice,and where there is good-will and adesire to do more were it possible, there is no reason to fear that the amount of fruitfulness will be appreciably diminished. "To him who does his best God's grace will not be denied." It is obvious,however, that acommunicant who went'straight out of the church from the Communion. rails, and at unce engaged in the pursuits and-converse of this world--except in some truly urgent necessity— would hardlybe free from some sin of irreverence. A person who could so act must indeed have ascanty appre. ciation of the Real Presence still abiding within him.

TheLawofFasting.

The fastobservedbefore Communion forbids us to take any kind of bodily sustenance, whether solids or liquids, atter twelveo'clockof thenightpreceding Holy Communion. In another sense, the fast before saying Mass, or communicating,isecclesiastical,sinceit is notarevealedordinanceofGod,but in its origin an institution of the Church only. But this fact does not prevent the taw from gravely binding the conscience to its observance. In fact,itisoneofthestricterlawsofthe Church—far morestrict than, e.g., that of hearing,)lass on holidays of obligation underpainofmortalsin.

Acausethatwouldexcusefromhearing Mass of obligation would not jusuily the breaking of one's fast before Communion. At the same time it would be untrue to say that the Church never dispenses laymen from the natural fast—e.g., those suffering from adisease notactually dangerous, as to exempt them from the law, but still severe and protracted,making it extremelyhardforthem togo through the small hoursof themorningwithout some nourishment, at least in form of liquid.

Undoubtedly thisenactionis prompt. III by reverence for the True Body and Blood of Christ received in Holy Communion in form of food. There is an evidentfitness,also,thatonaCommun. ern rI­ the nourishment of the immortal sul shouldbe attended to first, and that of the corruptible body second. The Church thus brings home to her children, in away that hungry humnn nature can appreciate, the sulgcme importance of spiritual inter_' csts so forcibly taught by Christ: "Whit shall it profit aman if he gain the whole world and suffer the loss of his soul?"

The forbiddancein question alsoacts ` as asafeguard against yielding to intemperance before receiving the Holy Sacrament.

Who are Bound to Fast?--Speaking in general, all communicants, priests celebrating Mass included, no matter how late the Mass or the length and fatigue of the ceremony.

In ordinary matters of right and wrong, as we know,no guiltis incurred unless weboth advert to the wrong at the time and will it. Pure accidents do not count. In the present matter —of the fast—these principles do not hold in every respect. There is no question of sin, but only acondition imposed by the Church upon communicants. Icommitnosinbybreaking the fast; only, if Ibreak it, Imay not communicate. The sin lies not in violating the fast,but in going to Communion in spite of the violation.

(Continued on Page 12.)

Eminent Moralist Urges Extreme Penalties on Leading War Criminals

"Upon the leading culprits in Ger. many, Italy and Japanahonld be ink posed extreme penalties. For the moss reasonable'of them, this would mean death at the hands of aBring squad'

This atatement was made by the Right Rev. Monsignor John A. Ryan, one ofthe best-known Catholic spokesmen in the United States, an eminent moralist and authority on retributive justice as applied to international relations.

Mostsignor Ryan's statement was made at the request of the N.C.W.C. NewsService,in viewof theiniense interest aroused by discussions on the fateof Axis war criminals.

"The very uniqueness of the death rosting," Alty would make it dramatic and said Monsignor Ryan.

"The vision of mighty tyrants compelled to endure the same punishment as an obscure murderer would-have a more profound and lasting effect upon the imaginations and consciences of men and nations than would imprison• ment, exile or banishment.

"Itwouldconstitutean unforgettable reminder that force can be effectively turned againstthose whohave been its avowed champions, ;'For the minor culprits in the enemy countries, imprisonment, banishment, and other milder penalties would probably be sufficient to safeguard the international common good.

"Not the least importantof the contributions made to the international common good by adequate punish• merit of enemy malefactors would be to forestall and prevent the enormous amount of private and group ven• geance which would be inflicted indiscriminately upon members of the Axis nations by inhabitants of the occupied countries and even by groups within the Axis nations upon their fellow. nationals"

Difficult,ComplicatedTask.

Monsignor Rvan recalls that some time ago the United Nations agreed that the men responsible for World War II. should be adequately punished for this assault upon neighbouring peoples and for their crimes against Christian civilisation.

"At the top of this execrable group stand, of course, Hitler,Mussolini, and theirassociates;'saysMonsignor Ryan.

"More recently considerable stress has been laid upon the unspeakable atrocities inflicted upon the civilian populations of the "occupied" countries by the Nazis.

"Some of the perpetrators of these outrages will, no doubt, be adequately punished by the governments of those

countries, accordio* as their teRitorisb are liberated, the treatment of these criminals will not be a re, sponsibility of the United Nations.

"However, tke,

mainauthors ofdhebe crimes against deceacy and civilisation will, for the most part, escape appre• hension by the authorities of the liberatedcountries, suchasFrance,Belgium and Holland. Mostoftheleaders will have escaped into Germany. They will have to be tried and punished by the officials of the United Nations in charge ofGermany after the fighting has ceased.

"Thetaskwilllieexceedinglydifficult and complicated.

"All these criminals should so far as is humanly possible, be compelled to expiate their crimes, according to the standards of retributivejustice.

"The assumption that wholesale or general forgiveness of the crimes committed by the AxisPowerswould promote theinternationalcommon goodis irrational, even fantastic.

"Therefore, Irepeat the proposition that all the Axis criminals should receive those kindsand amounts of punishment which would be best calculated to prevent them and deter others from inflicting similar injuries upon their fellow-men,

"To be sure, the penalties imposed should not, in any case, exceed the bounds of retributive justice. While theendofcivil punishment is thecommon good

,its measure in the particular culprit is the degree in which he hasviolatedthemorallaw,theamount of his moral guilt.

"According to some moreor

less pro• minent writers, dire penalties should fall upon the entireenemy peoples,especially the Germans. In all probab. ility this would be neither practicable norconducive to the common good of the nations. And it would be unjust tothe majorityofthose punished.

a political community automatically share in the guiltof their criminal rulers,is illogical and immoral. In his Christmas Messave of 1914, Ilis Holiness Pope Pius XII. said with regard to the punish• ment of war crimes:'If justice pre• sumed to judge and punish notmerely individuals, but even whole communi• tiestogether,whocouldnotseein such aprocedure a.violation of the norms which guide every human trial?' Cer• ta;n inconveniences and disabilities, in• decd, might reasonably be imposed for atime upon awhole people as ureasoresof protection and prevention,but they need not and should not be regarded ac formally punitive."

ArchbishopGreets World TradeUnionDelegates

Soviet Representatives Attend GreatworkofChurchinSocialReform

More than adozen of the 35 Soviet he said, which, when it came into delegates to the World 'Trade Union Conference accepted all invitation to meet Archbishop Griffin, of Westminster, at asocial at the archbishop's House. The function was arranged by theC.S.Guild of the"biwurel of the Spirit" organisation and "Catholic \\'orker" officials.

As the Russians filed before the Archbishop to be welcomed individually, each shook his hand and bowed, and some greeted him with the title "Your Excellency.• They listened with rigid attention to his address, in which he spoke of the Church's great work for social reform, andlatermingled among the other guests. Agroup of them entered into animated discussion with Dr. Letitia Fairfield, aprominent worker for the Sword of the Spirit and the C.S.G., on medical progress both in Russia and Britain. Others throughan interpreter, chatted to Priests and laity. The delegation's leader, 11. Vasili Kuznetsov, buttonholed aCatholic'pressman and plied him with questions about the state of Catholicism in England. He wanted to know the size of the Catholicpopulation, its relations'vith other denominations, and even the numberof serrtinaries. He referred also to the Oxford Movement:and waswellversedin its history. M. Kuznetsov, however, hadanadvantage over themajority of his colleagues, as he had lived for some years in the UnitedStates.

There were three picturesque figures at the reception—two Arabs in their redfez,one of whom wasaGreek Orthodox, and the other aMoslem, and anative from Gambia dressed in the robes of the Jolliff tribe. This lastnamed, Mr. Imgarba Jahunpa, who lookedlikeapriest inhisflowingblack robe and white collar, had been educated and later taught for aperiod in aCatholic school—St. Augustine's Secondary School, Bathurst. He reeled off to me-the names of many missionary Priests whom he knew.

Another figure that attracted atten. tion'vas aTito partisan in uniform. who wore the medal that in Yugoslaviais the equivalent of the V.C. Ile fought with Tito since the beginning oftheguerillacampaign,andhadcome to London as the representative of the National Yugoslav Union of Workers and Employers. It was with surprise that we learned that he was aCatho• lie had been amemberof the pre-

war Catholic syndicate in his country, and was now amember of the Yugoslav Parliament.

Notable absentees were M. Lombardo Toledano, the MexicanCommunist, and arepresentative of the Lublin "Government" whohad been expected.

Of the American delegates, two Catholics were present. One, Mr. J. P. Carey, ge

neral secretary of the Congress of Industrial Organisations, re• plied to the Archbishop's speech. The other was Mr. Martin Kyne, amember of the executive of the association of Catholic Trade Unionists.

The reception took place in the Throne Room at Archbishop's House, where there hangs alarge oil•paintitfg of Cardinal Manning—the "Workers' Cardinal"—at his last reception. With Archbishop Griffin were Archbishop Amigo, Bishop Doubleday, of Brentwood, and the Bishop of Pella.

In his address, ArchbishopGriffin reviewed at length thegreat work which Popes and Prelates had done in the courseofsocial reformandforstrengthening the position of the workingclasses. He gave particular prominence to the benefits that not only the dock workers of London, but farm labourers and mechanics in the North had obtained by the conciliatory intervention of Cardinal Manning.

The Archbishop then welcomed the Wages Council Bill, whicht is nr+w before Parliament. Thiswasameasure

force, would strengthen and widen the Trade Boards—those institutions which, by State actionand by promoting organisations, had dealt effectively with "sweated" industries—and whisk would also make collective agreement binding on all who took part in the industry concerned.

"We folldw•ers of the Catholic social tradition," headded,"welcomethisfur• theradvancetowardssolidarity amongst workers and employers which will unite the two in common service of their profession."

Ile pointed out that the collective bargaining which had long been accepted in Britain, was "the first stage towards recognising Pope Pius XI's teaching"; and he drove home the point that Joint Industrial Councils. r which the Popes had recommended in their Encyclicals, and which at the end of the last war had been gently suggested by the Government and someavhat timidly accepted by industry, were to-dayacceptedon all sides.

Ile went on to appeal to Catholic workers to play their full part in the work of trade unions and gave afinal message to all,

"The delegates to this world conference," he said,"have high responsibilities but golden opportunities. All are agreed that the social order, both national and international, must be reformed. But it cannot be reformed until men reform their consciences. Only thus will they follow God's law andseek His justice. Even then itis not enough to strive for justice; there must be charityas well.

"In plans for reconstruction the workers of all nations will demand so• cial security and employment. You, as delegates, will strive toimprove the conditions of the worker, to guarantee his natural rights and liberties, to find him security in individual and, more especially in family, life.

"Trade anions must not allow themselves to become the toolofapolitical party, nor to be absorbed by the" State. The State exists to protect the unions, and not to dominate them. Freedom is too great atreasure to be sacrificed,

"You will have learned of-others' needsand difficultiesandyou willhave benefited from knowledge of what other countries are doingandplanning.

InaspiritofChristiancharity all ofus must be ready to help those less fortunately placed than ourselves, the millions of workers who have been thrown out of industry through the necessities and ravages of war; and the starving people of devastated Eu• rope"

TEACHINGOORNET,THIhORY (AND WINDINSTRUMENTS. DONALD A.RUDEFORTH STUDIO: YEATES CHAMBERS, 35 BARRACK STREET, PERTH. 27LANGiIA\f ST,.NEDLANDS. Telephone: W\12235.

Pontifical MissionAid Societies

throughout Australia over the war years. It is gratifPing to know that the Catholics of this Arch , PAROCHIAL SUBSCRIPTIONS. St, Mary's CathedralL56 1S 5 St. Patrick's West Perth 13 17 4 St. Francis Xavier's Last Perth .. .. 5 5 2 76 011 Fremantle ...... .... .. 6S 13 10 Kalgoorlie .. .. .. .. .. .. 64 1 9 Leederville .. .. .. .. .. .. 57 7 8 Ilighgate Hill •• .. .. .. .. 56 12 0 Subiaco 51 0 9 1

`­—, %ctorin Park . 46 0 0 South Perth .. 35 15 9 Nest Perth (St. Brigid's) .. 35 12 7 Bunhury 32 16 4 Shenton Park .. .. .. .. .. 31 0 0 Nedlands .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 8 6 C'ottesloc .. .. .. .. .. 25 11 6 Queen's Park .... .... .... 24 3 2 • Boulder .. 23 8 3 Maylands-Inglewood .. 23 6 4 Manjinnip ...... .. • • .... 1 4 0 Wagin .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 3 2 Narrogin .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 0 0 Beverley .. .. 18 2 0 Collie .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1S 0 0 Palmvra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 4 0 East Fremantle 16 17 0 Bedford Park-Bayswater .. .. 16 13 0 '

are answering the call for greater missionary endeavour in no uncertain manner. The rapid growth of the Mission Aid Societies in the Archdiocese has be,• such that their effi,ient administration and organisation demand the attention of afull-time Diocesan Director. In consequence, as announced in last week's issue of "The Record," His Grace the Archbishop has appointed Rev. A. W. Valentine to this position. May every success and blessing attend the new Director in his work. With the continuation of the whole-hearted -co-operation of the priests and people in the parishes and of the teachers and pupils in the-schools, which has been given so generously in the past, we mnv look forward with confidence to a future in which the Pontifical Mission Aid Societies in this Archdiocese will continue to grow and to prosper. Busselton .... .. .. . .. 16 3 0 Beaconsfield .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 15 0 Bridgetown .... 15 12 0 Claremont .......... .... 15 12 0 Osborne Park-Wanneroo ,. .. 15 9 6 Harvey .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 0 0 Albany

_ .. .. .. 1419 6 Redemptorfst Monastery .. 14 18 10 East Victoria Park .. .. .. 14 10 0 Kittanning .. .. .. •. •• .. 13 19 6 Midland Junction .. .. .. ...13 17 4 Northam..-, 1313 4 Guildford-Bassendean .. .. .. 13 13 Mosman Park .. .. .. .. 10 11 Belmont-Carlisle .. .. .. .. 10 6 Cunderdin .. .. .. • • .. 919

0 6 9 6 F. HUFNER . 29 MABEL ST., NORTH PERTH. TUNMS AND RMPAIRS PIANOS ANDORGANS, 'Phone B.WC

Further Progress in 1944 Jlount Barker-Denmark .... 917 10 Kondinin .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 916 2 Merfedin .. .. .. .. •• .. S 310 Dardanup .. .. .. .. .. .. 811 7 York' .. .. .. .. .. 8 0 0 Toodyay •• .. .. .. .. .. 710 11 Pinjarr9 .. .. .. .. .. ..•. 614 Donnybrook .. .. .. .. 6 5 Kellerberrin .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 0 C'oolgardie .... •• .... 5 2 Per Chaplain J. O'Callaghan 415 Catholic Girls' Movement .. 3 5 Lesmurdie :. .. .. .. .. .. 113 Norseman .. .. .. .. .. .. ..1 0 Glendalough Old People .. 10 Kalamunda .. • • .. .. .. 10 SCHOOL SUBSCRIPTIONS. £ s. d. St. Patrick's Boys School, Wellington Street .. 170 8 0 Aquinas College, Mt. Henry 161 0 0 Christian Brothers' College, St. George's Terrace .. 137 9 9 St. Joseph's School, Subiaco 73 0 0 Presentation Convent, "Iona," I1losman Park .. 50 10 Convent Schools, Bunbury .. 50 0 St. Mary's high School, Leederville . • • 36 16' St. Joseph's School, Victoria Square,Perth 35 8 5 St. Brigid's High School, West Perth .. . 34 0 0 Convent School, Butler St., Kalgoorlie .• 33 19 0 Christian Brothers' College, Kalgoorlie 3013 9 Christian Brothers' College, Leederville 30 0 0 Santa Maria Ladies' College, Attadale .. .. 28 15 2 Christian Brothers College, Fremantle .. . 28 12 3 Loreto Convent, "Osborne," Claremont .. - 28 2 6 Presentation ConventSchool, Beverley .. 27 11 St, Louis Jesuit School, Claremont .. . 25 0 0 St, Joseph's School. Boulder 24 19 6 Sacred Heart Convent School, ' Norseman 24 010 Sacred Heart High School, Highgate Mill .. 24 0 6 i'unvent Schools, Victoria Loreto High School, Nedlands .. St. Mary's Primary School, Leederville . St. Columba's School, Bayswater . t..lnthnny's School, Cool- 'gardie .. 20 10 0 Christian Brothers' High School, Ilighgate Bill .. 20 2 4 St. Brigid's College, -Lesmurdie .. 19 0 0 St, Brigid's School, Bridge- 18 15 2 town . St. Brigid's Convent School, Collie 18 5 0 St. Brigd's School, Midland Junction 18 1 0 St. Teresa's Primary School, Nedlands 17 12 6 St. Joseph's School, Northam 17 3 6 St. Joseph's School, Bassendean 17 0 0 St. Brigid's Primary School, \Vest Perth .. .. . 17 0 0 St. Columba's School, South Perth .. .. .. 15 10 0 St.Joseph's School, Busselton 15 8 4 Star of the Sea School, Cot• tesloe 15 5 7 St. Joseph's College, Fremantle 14 10 9 St. Mary's School, Kalgoorlie 14 1 9 Ladies' College, Victoria Square Perth .. 13 0 0 St. Joseph'sPrimary School, Tremantle . 13 0 0 St, Patrick'sSchool,Waroona 12 15 0 St. Thomas' School, Claremont

0 0 5 9

Sacred Ileart Primary School, Ilighgate Hill.. 10

St. Aloysius' School, Shenton

St. Patrick's School, Carey Street, South Perth •• ..

St. Patrick's School Havelock Street, West Perth ..

St. Michael's School, Herne.

St. Philomena's Convent School,Narrogin .. ......

St. Anne's School, North Fre-

St. Philomena's Convent School, Donnybrook ..

St. Anthony's School, Wanneroo .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

St. Gerard's School Palmyra

St. Kieran's School, Osborne

0 0 912 6 9 0 0 811 0 8 6 0 710 0 710 0 710 0 7 2 6 7 0 6 612 6 6 2 8 515 0 Sacred Heart Convent School Wagin . St. Francis Xavier'sSchool, East Perth . St. Anne's School,Harvey .. Christ the King School, Beaconsfield .. .. Convent School, Toodyay .. St. Charles' Seminary, Guild. 514 6 510 0 5 0 0 5 0 O 419 6 414 3 St. Joseph's School, Kellerberrin .. •• .. .. .. .. .. St. Anne's School, Belmont St. Patrick's School, York St. Therese's School, Gwelup Immaculate Conception School, East Fremantle .. Boys' College, "Mary's Mount," Kalamunda .. Convent School, Cunderdin St. Joseph's School, Nannup St. Rita's School Katanning Our Lady Help of Christians School, East Victoria Park St. Joseph's School, Merredin St. Joseph's School, Piniarra St. Joseph's Convent School, Mt. Barker .. St, Francis Xavier's School, Armadale Ifoly Name School, Carlisle Convent School, Dardanup 417 6 410 0 4 6 0 4 6 0 4 5 0 4 0 0 312 6 214 6 214 0 210 0 2 5 0 2 2 6 2 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 115 6

Living With-

April 15 (Second Sunday after Master (White):

Mass proper. 2nd. prayer "Concede nos." 3rd. prayer for the Church or Pope. 4th. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of Easter.

April 16—Feria,(White): Mass of the Sunday. 2nd. prayer "Concede nos." 3rd. prayer for the Church or Pope. 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Easter.

April 17—St.Anicetus,Pope and Martyr (Red) : Mass proper. 2nd. prayer "Concede nos," 3rd. prayer for the Church or Pope. 4th. prayer forpeace. Preface of Easter.

22 9 0 21 10 8 21 8 8 21 5 0

April 18--•Solemnity of St, Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed VirginMary, and Patron of the Universal Church (White); Mass proper. Creed, Preface of St. Joseph.

April 19—Second day within the Octave of St.Joseph (White): Hass of the Feast. 2nd. prayer "Concede nos:" 3rd. prayer for the Church or Pope, 4th. prayer for peace: Creed. Preface of St.Joseph. April 2D -Third day within the Octave (White): Mass of the Feast. 2nd. prayer "Concede nos:" 3rd. prayer for the Church or Pope. 4th. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of St. Joseph, April 21—St. Anselm,Bishop,Confessor and Doctor (White): Bass "In medio." 2nd. prayer of the Octave. 3rd, prayer for peace. Preface of St. Joseph.

.. 12 12 6 St, Mary's School, Guildford 12 0 0

St.

Joseph's School, Albany 10 19 8 Dominican Convent School. 10 11 0 Bedford Park .. St. Joseph'sSchool,Queen's Park .. 10 10 0 St. Mary's School,Maylands 10 7 0 St. Joseph'sSchool, Malimup .. • • 10 4 0

Kalgoorlie

St. Mary'sParents'and Friends' Association.

Members-of St.Mary's Parents 'and Friends'Association met atSt.Joseph's Convent on Sunday afternoon last to discuss the programme for this year. It was finally decided to concentrate on two functions:a Cf'iildrens Plain and Fancy Dress Frolic, in May, and the annual Convent Fete in October.

Acommittee wa's formed to organise thefirst affair,wwhich willbeheld in St. Mary's Hall. As there has been no children's entertainment forsome time, this should prove amost popular attraction.

A good deal of other business, was discussed,and during afternoon tea congratulations and good wishes were estended to Mrs. Zani, an energetic and popular member, who on that day attained her majority. Catholic Teachers' Guild.

Meetings of the Guild are always ne11 attended. Sixnewmembershavejoined this year, namely, the Misses AliceSmyth, Pat Smith, Polly Cargeeg, and Dfolly Mulcahy, and Messrs. BusinessCareers t for GIRLS ` SPECIALISED TRAINING AT STOTT'S ENSURES PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT. Your Inquiry is Invited STOTT'S S IMS

J, DoyleandSteve Maher. Mr.B.Speeringwaslost through transfer to Geraldton. At the recent election ofofficers Miss 'lolly Hill was re-elected as president, with Miss Eileen Love, vice-president, Mr. J. Doyle secretary, and Mr. Hanrahan treasurer. Perpetual Trustees'Buildings,89 St.George's Terrace,Perth.. B9281 Woolworth'sBuildings, 10 Adelaide Street, Fremantle .. .. .. .. :. L1218

Established 1874.

Official Organ of the Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressall communications tothe Editor, BoxA35, GP.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH.

TELEPHONE: 116950.

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 11, 1945.

RoyaltyandLoyalty

The presence in our State of their Royal Highnesses, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, gives the occasion forthe Catholic community to extend asincere welcome and all assurance of loyalty andaffection to thosewhostand in the placeof His Majesty the Bing in the Commonwealth. It was indeed agracious act on the part of His Majesty to send out no I ,

2ss arepresentative than his royal brother,andatributeto theincreasedstatureof our country in the evesof the Mother Country-

and of the world. It will also be afurtherlink in the chain of kinship and conunon ideals which bindstogetherthe freenationsof the British Commonwealth, For these reasons, and because their religion obliges them to respect andobeythe legitimatetemporalpower, Catholicsthroughout the Commonwealth will salute the Duke and Duchess with sincerity and goodwill and pray that they- will have the guidance and protectionofGod in the fulfilmentoftheirresponsible duties.

It is necessary for Catholics to assert their civil loyalty from time to time if for no higher motive than that the charge of disloyalty isstill levelled againstthem by avicious,though dwindling, minority. There were prolonged periods in English -

history when the loyalty of Catholics vias strained to breaking point; vyhen in the role of the "artful dodger," rebellion against the Crown would, at the least, have been comprehensible. But even in these times the very contrary was the case. 'Cho martyr: of the Elizabethan cra invariablydied with aprayer for theQueen ontheirlips. 1\1141 under that savage regime it was probably easier to dieas amartyr than to live as arecusant. But even among those who were not called upon tooffertheirlives fortheir Faith,thereis no such thing tohe fonnd ;isaCatholic plot against the throne. Foreven tyranny does not invalidate the divine authority which underlies the power of temporal government. r

Since Britain isthe only,

country ill the vrorldwhichhas,jor ulterior nwtivc, maintained an omcial history (and that primarily anti-Catholic: in bias), it is at least understandable that the slail'Nr of disloyalty has persisted through 400 years. But for lack of factual evidence it must at last perish. Too many Catholics (though they are almost everywhere aminority throughout the Empire) have served .with distinction in the national life and died with gallantry in its wars to allow this ignoble lie to be perpetuated. And it is not without significance that the direction of the modern anti-Catholic propaganda

is by way of charging Catholics with being too-numerous and too active in public affairs. So the circleof history comes full wheel and our enemiesare in the usual position of contradicting one another; And, of course, anyone who knows any history will recall that the infamous motto, "Cuius reeioPinsrcli!;io." was not coinedbyaCatholic,

Catholic Social Guild

Apartfrom thosewhoareblinded by abnormal personal ambition or obsessed with the craze of experimenting withsome formofsocialism most people noiw realise that the future peace and harmonyofthis worlddepend on the better co-operationbetweenthedifferent classes in society—and here, by classes is meant not so much by rich and poor, Its by owners or controllers of industry generally and those who work for them.

The two dissident groups may be clas=sified broadly as, on theone hand, those who stud for asystem which would brook no interference, moral or otherwise, with individual enterprise, and, on the other hand, those whose policy would lead to the control by the State of all social and economic activities.

The average man is attracted by neither of these extreme measures, a's, for one thing, he can see that the advantagesof economicindividualismare onlyforthose abovetheaveragein opportunityandcapability; likewise,havtnf; ahealthy regard for his legitimate personal liberty, he is very much ad,-erse to surrendering it. even for the tempting bait of security offered by State control.

4

Thu's, fromapurelyutilitarian point ofview,afairly trueconceptof values has been arrived at, and, it must be admitted most who reach this conclusion, do so by this means. However, there is an inherent defect in this at. titude to our social and economic problems, and it is.this: that achange of circumstances is more likely than not tochange a'man's outlookon life, and he,whooncemighthaveregardedwith disdain the questionable achievements of selfish individualism, and at the same time cherished that God-given freedom, of which atotalitarian State ­nutd deprive him, might very easily, if altered circumstances made it possible,assume the roleof asoullesscaptain of inrlustrv_ or atyrannical bureaucrat.

it

is obvious that there'islittle hope of attaining to ajust system by rely. il- ,it

thegood pointsofhumannature alone; men are too prone to judge a tfiing lx how it effects them at any given time. in the absence of the guidance and restraint of the moral ivy there is nn permanent standard by which either conditions may be truly appraised or behaviour controlled.'

Itis now, when the results of ignoring the moral law are being so tragically demonstrated, that agood opportunitr is afforded for stressing its importance. The Catholic Church has never ceased to exhort all who would listen to observe this law as the guiding principle of the social:in' economic order: that her advice has notbeen heededisclue, tosomeextent, to prejudice and ignorance, but there pre signsthat thesenregivingway toa true understanding of her teaching, and motives,and there isconsequently, afield of action now open to Catholics in seeing to it, that those whn look to the Church for guidance, while their own standards are failing them, tvill not be disappointed.

Toall Catholic men who wish to see the New Order built on atrue Chris tian foundatian, and are prepared to dosomethingaboutit,the CatholicSocial Guild offers an organisation which being as it is, approved by the Hierarchy and under the care of asprcint spiritual director will assure to them that their efforts will he strictly accord with the Church's social teaching and will be co-ordinated and used to thehest possibleadvantage.

Catholic Broadcasts

Sunday. April IS— St. Patrick's, Fremantle: Evening Devotions, at 7.30 p.m. Preacher: Rev. D. Breslin, O.M.T. Choirs of Parry Street Primary School and St. Toseph's High School. Organist: Miss K. Droney.

Sunday, May 6--

St. Mary'sCathedral: Jlissa Cantata, 11 a.m. Preacher: Rev. A. Lynch.

't02

ArcObioctsea ARCHBISHOP'S ENGAGEMENTS.

April1b—

Bless the extensions to Joseph's Schuol, Albany.

April 29—

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church, Queen's Park,

May6—

Official opening of"Marian Lodge," Kalamunda.

May 13—

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church, Busselton.

May 20(PentecostSunday): It a.m.: Pontifical High Mass, St. Mary'sCathedral. 3p.m.: Confirmation of adult's, St. 1larysCathedral.

May24-

3.15 p.m.: Attend Annual'Meeting of CatholicWomen's League.

May27--

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Kieran's Church. Osborne Park.

May 29-

9.30 a.m.: Preside at -

Solemn Office and Requiem Mats, St.:Mary's Cathedral: Anniversary of the late Archbishop Clune.

May90--9.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High Mass at"Glendalough," on the occasion of theGolden Jubilee of one of the Community of the Little Sisters ofthe Poor.

ANNUALMAYPROCESSIONI

FIRST SUNDAY IN MAY.

The annual May Procession will be held at St. Columba's Church, South Perth, on the first Sunday in 'May. The special preacher will be the Rev. Father F. O'Connor, of East Victoria Park. The procession is timed to leave St. Columba's Church at 3p.m., movingalongForrest-street,into Yorkstreet, where Benediction will be given from the Convent Chapel entrance. Miss Agnes Patterson, president of the South Perth Sodality, invites the visiting members of the Children of Mary to afternoon tea at the conclusion ofthe procession.

The cadets from Aquinas College will form the guard of honour around the canopy.

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Bolshevisation of Whole Country Planned

American Poles Condemn Crimea

Russianoocupied countries are cut off from theoutside world,but what little'news is available,from radio and underground sources,indicates that the Bolshevisation of eastern Poland has begam. But this is being suppressed by the international news cartel,which feeds ,Australian news- papers.

New•'York, March 8, 1945 (P.A,T.).—

New decrees continually announced by Lublin radio reveal the gradual move to Sovietise Poland by intro. ing compulsory monopolistic organisations;oneof which is the "Peasant selfassistance" with a network all over Poland. Every farmer is compelled to be amember of this organisation, which possesses the exclusive monopoly of seed supplies. All other agricultural organisations are banned and are liable to prosecution. Co-operative societies have also been formed on amonopolistic pattern into acentral organisation.

The distribution of films has also monopolised onopolised into an organisation, taken over from the Germans, for the exploitation of films.

The publication of newspapers, per , iodicals, hooks, as well as their distribution, has compulsorily been centralised in the former railway book store, "Action."

• Extermination of Polish Underground.

London, March 9, 1945. (P.A.T.)—

Information from Poland states that in Lubartow, near Lublin, there is a 'camp for officers of the Home Army and former officers of Zymierski's Army, who are charged either with adherence to the Home Army, or other political crimes. At the end of February there were about 6,000 officers in the camp. The hygiene, health, accommodation and food were very had. At regular intervals parties of officers were deported to an unknown destination. In the Radom area all ,

prisons are filled with soldiers of the Home .Army. Arrests continue.

The town of Lubartow was occupied in 1944 by detachments of the ilome Army, which co-operated with the Red Army These detachments were dis­1r,

dby the Red army immediately after the occupation of Lubartow. lVfa^sDeprrtations of PolesIntoRussia.

New York, March 3, 1945 (P.A.T.)— InGmmation from Poland reveals that up to lanuary 1. 1915 from the di>.trict of Lvov nearly 4,000 people (including ?t

pmfessot-

0 have been deported to Russia, from the Bialystok district ut.­Iv

1110(10, and from Grodno 5,000.

The intensive extermination of offi•of the ilmne Army, who fought for over five years against a the Germans, continues. Up to Feb. ;",utry Iof this year in the district of It4ah•stok the Fnviet Police IuthOrities arrested six chiefs of -district staffs,fivemilitary inspectors,two commanders and nearly 1,000 officers, 400 N.C.O:s, and several hundred soldiers with their families. interrogation is accompanied by torture, such as beatingwith barbed wire, breaking of ribs, P etc. Public safety in Poland only nominally belongs to the Lublin "Government," but actually it is completed in the hands of the political Soviet police, the notorious N.K.V.D, (National Commisariate of internal Affairs).

Russian-Occupied Countries Cut Off h'oan Outside World.

London, March 13, 1945 (P.A.T.)—

The "ManchesterGuardian" of March • 13, in aleader referring to liberated countries, states: "We are nothere concerned with the rights and wrongs of asituation, which are probably difficultenough. Roumania was an enemy country which did great harm to SO, viet Russia in war, and Russia is certainly entitled to her say. What does concern us is the unfortunate way in which Roumania and all other coun. tries liberated by Russia have become •isolated from the \Vest. But since then, Teheran has been replaced by Yalta. which clearly stated that the Big Three would take 'joint action in meeting political and economic pro-

blems of liberated Europe in accordance with democratic principles:

"The three governments," it said, %will jointly assist people in any European liberated State, or former Axis satelliteState,inEurope where in their judgment, conditions require to form interim governmental authorities, broadly.representative of all democratic elements in the population and pledged to the earliest possible establishment through free elections. When this same policy is applied to liberated countries of Eastern Europe, it is time to speak. The liberation'should inelude, among its benefits, freedom of intercourse between nations. It should be our aim to break down barriers be. tween States and not to erect new tines. After the war we may hope it twill be possible for all restrictions on travel and communication to be re• moved and Europe to be restored to civilised unity. But even now certain things can be done.

Representatives of the Allied press should have the right to visit liberated countries, which are no longer the the atre of military operations; censorship except for military matters, 'should cease. .Postal and telegraphic services have been restored to Greece, but it is impossible now to communicate with Roumanians living in Bucharest, though it waspossible todo sothroughout the whole German occupation.

"Europe to-day is like aman rescued from drowning; our first aim must be to restore circulation. How can we hope for freer trade, if letters cannot c

ross frontiers? How can industry I:e re-started if business men in one country cannot discover what has hap pened to their interests in another? The Russians, for all their attachment to their own closed economy, can hardly w:shto turn Europe into akind of forbidden territory to nwhich nn infidel may penetrate. it is time to throw open doors and window's."

London' March it, 1915.(P.A.T.).—

The Polonia Congress, at a special meeting in Chicago on March 9, passed aresolution oil the Yalta decision, stating, amongst others, that:

"Whereas President Roosevelt called Yalta acompromise, this is considered unsatisfactory. because Yalta is contradictory to the Atlantic Charter and international late and particularly to the Vague Convention.

"\Whereas Yalta violates the basic principlesof democracy, the equality of all nations before the law, and Poland is deprived of this right because Polish boundaries have been decided without the knowledge and approval of Poland and the Big Three also intertiered in Poland's internal affairs, ostensibly granting themselves, but actually Russia, the right todecideabout forming aPolishGovernment and pass• ing the sovereign rights of Poland to a Soviet Commissar assisted by two ambassadors.

"Whereas the U

.S.A. Government by subscribing to such adecision assumed for itself and the American people the co-responsibility for the legalisation of settlements of the Baltic Republics and Poland.

regarded as enjoying privileges of an Ally and combatant by U.S.A. and Britain.

"Whereas all such decisions injure thegoodnameandhonouroftheU.S.A. anddeprive U.S,A. of the friendship of free European nations.

"Whereas as aresult of the Yalta decisions the Soviet hegemony of a great part of Europe and Asia has solidified and will endanger American security, the Executive Committee of the Polonia Congress decided to demand the U.S.A. Congress to deny the confirmation of the Yalta decisions, as beingasurrenderof right to might and the legalisation of aggression and the denial of the principles of democracy and equality in international relations and generally the acknowledgement of Soviet hegemony in the world.

"Simultaneously the Polonia Congress states:

1. Only the constitutional Polish Government in London represents the PolishNation and the Polish State and only thisGovernment can take part in the San Francisco Conference.

2. Any "government" formed by foreign Powers will be unrepresentative of the will and rights of the Pol. ish Nation and as such could not be recognised by the U.S.A. without violation of the elementary principles of justice and law.

3. Any election conducted in Poland under Soviet occupation would be a distortion of true conditions and afalsification of the nation'swill and a violation of the freedom of conscience, and as such unlawful and void.

4. Any government offices are but Soviet agencies.

5. Any disposal of the Polish State's property and possessions,without approval and contrary to the will of the legal Polish Government and Parliament,would constitute robbery and lawlessness."

The resolution has been sent to all members of the U.S.A. Congress and Senate and to State legislatures.

HIGHGATE HILL

Acard partywill be heldin the Parish Hall on April 26, at 2.15 p.m., for the Sacred Heart Primary School. Euchre, as well as bridge and rummy will be played, so keep Thursday, April 26, free for apleasant afternoon.

On Friday, May 4, asocial anddance will take place at 8p.m. An exhibition of modern dancing by a well known dancing teacher will be given. 'there will be several items by popularartists, and Miss K. Condo&.3-piece dance band will provide the music. Remember to come and bring your friends to the Parish Hall, and make that evening an enjoyable one.

The Catholic knower:

Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Stations 6PR and 6TZ.

"Whereas legalising the Yalta decisions and the Soviet acts of force and aggression the U.S.A. Government would take upon itself the co-respon;ihility for all acts of violence, crimes, and atrocities committed,or beingcommitted and to be committed in the annexed Polish territories and Baltic States and particularly for crimes peainst members of the Polish Home Army, which with superhuman sacrifices rendered U.S.A. and Russia in. valuable military assistance and was

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A minister at the recent W.A. Churches of Christ Conference discussed the question of the division of the churches. He found that whereas there wasagreatadmirationfor Christ, there was little love for organised Christianity. Now to place the blame squarely for this unhappy state of affairs, we have only to consider how concerned the "Reformers" were to make the conception of the Church apurely human magi-made one as against the adamant Catholic insistence that the Church isChrist's Mystical Body. The attempt to-divide the historical Christ from this moral union of His members was bound to end in contempt, for if the Church be not Christ then as a purely worldly organisation it will tend to disintegrate and will be

4 FRANCIS G ILBERT

subjected to sheerly secularist judg ment. And that judgment has already been made, and the fate of innumer• able non-Catholic sects is in the bal. ance.

The minister proceeded to point out avery pertinent reason why divisions among Christians persist. "Over the years;he said,"the various denomina• tions have gathered up considerable wealth. . Any move towards unity that threatens this vested interest or the position of some individual bound up with that organisation is opposed." Were it not for this historical fact it would be difficult to understand the survival of English Protestantism. The history text-books have, of course, ocen concerned to convey the impression thatCatholicism perished easily in England and that Protestantism gained the ascendancy because it was popular. Nothing could be farther from the truth. What happened was, that the creation of the Established Church was backed by an enormous interest brought into being by the loot• ing of the wealth of the monasteries, the guilds and the individual wealthy recusants.

there is the \laiski-Sikorski Agreement signed in 1941 after Germany had invaded Russia. By this agreement the Soviet Union pledged itself to evacuate all Polish territory occupied dur-ing the German-Soviet invasion of Poland and to repatriate all Polish prisoners of war and deportees, The Riga Treaty eastern frontier of Poland was reaffirmed. This Agreement was immediately confirmed by both Great Britain and the U.S.A. Thirdly, there is the Treaty of Alliance between Great Britain and the U.S.S.R., signed in May, 19.12, in which it(was stipulated that there should be no territorial aggrandisement and no interference in w the internal affairs of other States by either party.

All these treaties and agreements are still in force, and in addition to them there is the general statement of policy contained in the document known as the Atlantic Charter-which all the United Nations have solemnly affirmed. In this document the following pledges, amongst others, are made:

"To seek no aggrandisement,territorial or otherwise. To accept no territorial changes that do notaccordwith the freely expressed wishes of the people concerned.. To respect the rights of all peoples to choose the form of Government under which they live.'

All this is known to everybody, and it is by this body of contracts that the ordinary citizen must judge the actions of his leaders.

Blt Mr. Churchill's statement in the House of Commons, based apparently upon an undisclosed private agreement arrived at between At. Stalin and himself at Teheran, violated every one of these contracts, for it is bevend any doubt wh..tsoever that practically the whole Polish people are violently opposed to the proposed Soviet occupation of the eastern half of their country and, still more, to inter. ference, with their legitimate Government by acommittee of Communists appointed by the Soviet Union for thipurpose.

It is immaterial to the fixed issues of these contracts that Mr. Churchill Ahould give is as his opinion that the arrangements proposed about the frontiers of the new Poland—that is to say ofaPoland cut in half by the "Curzon I; ,

w-

r s• Ring B8833 for the appointment.

So was established aclass which was pledgee) by self-interest to the defence of the new religion. This process, begun in the reign of Henry VIII., was advanced prodigiously under Elizabeth, and was finally consolidated in 1683 when the new landed lords who had eaten the abbeys' fruits were able to oust the last of the Stuarts and to in. troduce the new rule of money which has persisted to our own day. It was no accident that the Bill of Settlement was passed in the same year as the Bank of England was established.

The Reformation,set on foot by an accident,but develdped along the lines of aconspiracy against Christendom, and especially against the Christian poor, was from the outset buttressed with money and landed wealth. It is interesting to speculate what will happen to the Church of England if ever Disestablishmenteverbecame areality.

T

The governing facts of the RussoPolish dispute do not require special• ist knowledge for their understanding —they are writ large in treaties, formal agreements,andoften repeated declarations of policy.Let us reiterate the chief of them.

First, there is Great Britain's guarantee to Poland in 1939. Secondly,

-are solid and satisfactory. They are notso regarded by the people concerned: and it is not by individual opinions but by official contracts that the relations between States are governed. Nor is it an argument in favour of Churchill's pronouncement

to °ay, as

Mr. Eden did, that the MaiskiSikorski Agreement of 1911 (he called it the Soviet-Polish Treaty") "stood until February of last year, when it was—Ido not know whether 'denounc- 4 ed' is the right word..it was regarded as in abeyance by the Soviet Government." To that statement there can he only one rejoinder: What right had the Soviet Government to go back on, their pledged word? and what right have we to support them in doing so? If one contract is broken with impunity, what trust can be put in any future contracts?

For example: the guarantee of afree and independent Poland, or of Poland's extension to the west at theexpense of Germany.

The issue far transcends any adjustment of frontiers between two col•n• tries. It is nothing legs than ac'^lenee whether in the future solemn treaties are orare not tobe considered as binding. If theyare not.chaosIs a foregone conclusion. How, on such a foundation or rather lack of founds. tion--can there be any unity between the Great Powers,the necessity for which hah been the leading theme of our spokesmen for months?

Maher —Stevenson Wedding

Hick—Wright Wedding

Married at St. Paul of the Cross Church Dulwich Hill, New South Wales, on December 9, 1944, by the Rev. Dr.P.Twomey, PP.,before Nup• tial Mass, were Laurel Terence, daughterofMrs. E. Wright and the late Mr. S.J. Wright, of Dulwich Hill,and F/O Thornton L. Hick, R.A.A.F., second son of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Hick, of Dale, Beverley.

"Poland Has Been Sacrificed"

r SAYS "NINETELIITH CENTURY."

London, March 8, 1945.—(P.A.T.).—

On December 20, 1944, at St. Patrick's Church, Fremantle,thewedding was solemnised by the Very Rev. Father IIaugh, O.M.I., of Lilian Agnes Stevenson, only daughterof Mrs. and the late Mr. F. Stevenson, of 76 ]Hampton Road, Fremantle, andCharles Edward Maher, eldest son of Mr. andMrs. E. A. Maher, Victoria.

McNally—Pergande Wedding

Aeery pretty wedding took place at the Sacred HeartChurch, Highgate, Ott February 21. Nuptial Mass was celebrated by Rev, Father Wallace, when Corporal William J. McNally IA.I.F.I, of Lakewood, and Mary Therese Pergande, of Bencubbin,were united in the holy bonds of Matrimony. The altar was beautifully decorated by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart Convent, where the bride had spent all her school days.

The bride entered the church on the arm of her father, wearing agown of white silk crepe draped on classical lines; her veil of white silk net being beautifully emhossed, reached to the end ofherlongtrain. Sheworeatopknot of frangipanni and carried abouquet of frangipanni and tuberoses.

Loreto Convent "Osborne" — Claremont

0

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The bride was attended by tt+o bridesmaids, Nancy Doyle (cousin of the bride) and Edna Alford. They wore very pretty frocks of blue taffeta with full shirred bodices, shoulder length spotted veils and coronets to match. The duties of best roan and vroomsivan were ably carried out by Corporal Whiteford and Driver Wood (A.I.F.), respectively, friends of the bridegroom.

The wedding breakfast took place in the Parish hall, where SO guests were entertained. The duties of chairman wasablycarried out by Major McKen. zie,averyoldfriend ofthebride'spar. ents. Music interludes during the Miss brea

kfast were supplied by Imelda Mayes andMasterJack Clough, both very talented pionistq

The happy couple left for their honeymoon, thebride wearingapretty frock of pink crepe embossed in black and wearing black accestorics. The bride and bridegroom were the recipients of many beautiful presents and cheques, also hosts of telegrams.

TheSchool proAdesasoundeducation on modern lines in all branches of study. The pupils ark prepared forallexaminations. TheSchool is beautifully i;tuated between Ocean and River, in extensive grounds, with fine playing fields and private Swimming Pool in River. -

Telephone: F2135. Apply— MOTHER SUPERIOR.

SACRED

HEART HIGH SCHOOL HIGHGATE — PERTH.(CONDUCTED BY THE SISTERS NOTRE DAME DES MISSIONS). BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. PUPILS PREPARED ALL EXAMINATIONS.

MONTESSORI SCHOOL FOR YOUNGCHILDRPN. For Prospectus apply— REV. MOTHER PRIORESS.

'Phone: B3810.

ST. ILDEPHONSUS' COLLEGE

NEW NORCIA --

CONDUCTEDBY THE'MARIST BROTHERS.

Catholic boys recommended on thescore of character by their Parish Priest, and ready to commence atleast Sixth Standard or arrival, cam be now enrolled for commencement in February, 1914. Application should be made at once. Acceptanceduring1916 is nolonger possible. For

Particulars Apply to—

THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

CHLISTIAN BROTHERS,MT. HENRY.

ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A. AQUINAS COLIE.Gr

TELEPHONE: MMM. F0k BOARDERS AND DAY STUDENTS. BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS.

Beautifully Situated, overlooking the river, nearthe new Canning Bridge. For Particulars apply to— The Principal, Aquinas College, CanningParade,Mt.Henry

Benefit Society BEST BENEFM rOR LOWEST OONTRIBUTIOn. DEATH BENE.'IT.—fb0, age 16 and under 20, 4/10 quarterly; 1100. 7/9quarterly. 20 years andunderA 5/3 qr.;£100, 8/• qt. 23 yearn and under 25, 5/5 qr.; 1100, 8/4 qr. 15 years and under 30, 6/10 qr.: f100, 9 ,12qr. Members up to 51 accepted. Also Sickness , Medicaland Hospital Benefits. JEDWARDS,Grz.rd 3ocretary,West Australian Chambers, St. GeorgesTerrace, Perth. Tel.: B7801.

I

Every Australian should own aVictory Bond. It is the one worthwhile thing you can buy on the Instalment plan with only 10';; deposit. Youcan buyasmanyasyou want,forthen arenot rationedoraffected by priorities. BuyingBondson the instalment plan iseasy. Forevery £10 Bond you buy, make a deposit of £1when you buy, then pay thebalance by monthly nayments

FACTS A!0VT THE THIRD VICTORY LOAN

Buy Bonds for cash or by instalments, through any Bank, Savings Bank, Money Order Post Office or Srockbmker Interest rate is 21'/r for 5years or 3;';; for 16 years. Credit vour subscriptiontoyourdistrict to help itsquota.

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Results speak louder than selfrecommendation, and the honours places obtainer( by our students atthe I•'edcral Institute Examinations are a continual proof of the value of our tuition.

Atthe FINAL Examinationheld in October, 1944 our Candidates obtained SEVEN out of apossible EIGHT 1s

t. PLACES, and 19 out of apossible23passes.

- Our candidates have obtained 1st. PLACE in W.A. and the INSTITUTE PRIZE in the Final Acccounting Sectionat FIVE ofthe last SIX Examinations. These arebut two of the many illustrations.

Our students obtaintuitionfrom experts; they are given FREE TEXT BOOKS to the value of£215s. Od.; free Employment Service for Life, and their fee is payable by easy monthly instalments.

• You may study by Personal Attendance or Correspondence Lessons. Write, call or'phone B6010, B6551 for ourfreebooklet,"Investing in Yourself." '

City Commercial College

OOMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE COLLEdE, SHEFFIELD HOUSE, 713.21 HAY STREET, PERTH.

KNOWYOUR FAITH SERIES +

(Continued from Page 5.)

Inadvertence, or forgetfulness, never, excuses from the law of tasting for Communion. Adelicatepersonwhois in the habit of having acup of tea brought to herroombeforerising may byforceofhabitdrinkitoffonaCommunion morning. Yet she cannot receive Communion that day. On the other hand an involuntary and accidental swallowing of adrop or two— i.e., not anotable quantity—will not hinder Communion.

So, speaking'in general, the fast is violated by the deliberate swallowing of no matter how small aquantity of nourishment as aseparate thing. To communicateaftersuchviolationisundoubtedlyamortal sin.Decency.

OurBlessedLorddoesnotcareabout smart clothes or "fashions." Still, tidiness and cleanliness need not be the monopoly of any particular class, sex, orage:andboth are to bedesired out of reverence to Qur Lord. St. Francis of Sales sorypwhere defines the Christianruleofdressthus:Thatitattract not special attention, either by its excessive smartness or its remarkable shabbiness. All should be be. comingly apparelled according to their condition and their means (lest tailors and dressmakers suffer).

Reverent Demeanour.

Itisnotwelltorushup to thealtar, arms swinging, elbowing others, and staring about right and left. Without necessarily assuming "stained-glass at. titudes," the hands can well be compose d

together decently and the eyes cast down. Let us remember that true Catholic worship is external, as well asinterior, MannerofReceivingHolyiCommunion.

It is surely part of our'duty of reverenceinreceivingtheBodyandBlood •of Christ to perform our part in this tremendous act as intelligently and becomingly as we are able. Bodily dispositionsfor Communion should certainly include seemliness and care in the wayofreceivingthe BlessedSacra• meat into our poor bodies from the handsof the priest.

1t should be the communicant's endeavour not to make this responsible duty of the priest a difficult and anxious one, by awkward tricks, when alittle care and common sense will prevent this. The following points seem the chic[ ones, and they may prove useful to first communicants of whatever age:

UseofCommunion Clothor Plate, If acloth be used, let it be spread outas flatasmayhe overthepalmsof the hands, and let it(or the plate) be held just tinder the chin ;

and close to it. When aplate is used do not for. get to pass it on to the neighbour on your left at once after receiving rev . crcnth•.

T1old the hear( well up, slightly in. dined backwards, and raise it in good time, tobe ready for the priest. It is farmorereverent to readerthe passing ..f the Sacred I1nct sale and easy than to keep the head low out of notion of adoration and humility.

Open the mouth well (yet without cxai;gcratitm) advancing the tongue n•oderatcly, indeed, yet so as just to overlap the laa•cr lip completely. It is hir;hh• unbecoming to receive the Sacred Floss upon or between thelips; it should not even touch them. Yet if the tongue be kept back within the mouth the priest evidently has to choose between placing the Blessed Facrament on the lower lip orpractically thrusting his fingers inside the re• reiver's mouth to make al safe, which is also unbecoming.

Do not he in anxious, fidgety haste to swallow immediately on receiving. hat allow the Sacred Host to rest quietly and naturally upon the tongue for afew seconds, after which swallowing will ordinarily prove quite easy. Anopposite course willprobate h• cause the Blessed Sacrament to adheretothepalateofthemonth whence It will be with difficulty dislodged by the tongue. The teeth are not to be usedatall. Ofcourse,itisneverlawful to touch the Sacred Host, nor should the teethbe used.

When anumber of persons are communicating at the same rails, retire fromtherailstoyourplace immediate• ly after receiving reverently, so a3 to give room to those waiting dot their turn to approach. While you are ti

(Continued foot of nett column.)

DEATHS +

COSGROVE, Michael.—On Saturday, ESarch'l4, at theLittleSistersof th e Poor, Glendalough, Michael (Mick) Cosgrove, late member Holy Name Society, St.Kieran'sBranch, Osborne Park; aged 111.

Mass to be saidforthe repose of his soul on Wednesday, April 11, at6.45 a.m. .

MayhissoulandthesoulsofallHoly Name men departed, through the mercy of God, restinpeace.,

GENEFINL—OE your charity, pray for the soul of Kathleen, who departed thislifeon April 3, 1945 dearly beloved youngestdaughter

a{ Mrs. J. Genefini and the late John Gene• fini, sister of Jack, Mary, May and Harry, R.I.P.

OSBORNE.—Of your chazity, please pray for thesoul of William Thomas Osborne, who died suddenly on March 11.

—Inserted by his loving sister, Lucy.

IN MEMORIAM +

JONES.—Fondest memories of my dear husband andour father, James, of"BoogatHie"Station,whodeparted this life on April 3, 1944. Loved and remembered always by his wife, 'Madeline, andchildren, Mary,James, John, and Henry.

Eternal

rest grant to him, OLord, andmay theperpetuallight shine on him.

JONES.—Of yourcharity, prayfor the reposeof thesoulofMaryAnn,dearly beloved wife of Owen, darling mother of Dot (Mrs. Campbell), and fond mother-in-law of Denis, whose anniversary occurs April 15.

May her dear soul rest in peace.

MONAGHAN.—In sad -

and loving memory of our darling wife and mother, who ]eft us April 14 1940. Most Sacred Heart of Jesus

, ,

have - mercyonhersoul.

Forever remembered by her loving husband and family.

WANTED.

IIousemaid-Waitress, over 45, light duties. Assist inkitchenoneafternoon each week. .Apply Christian Brothers' College, St. George's Terrace, Perth.

'l'a•o ladies require double-bed sitting room and own kitchenette, or part house, furnishedor unfurnished; hati(Iy to town. Reply "N.M.," this office. stopping on at the rails enjoying your devotions. those waitingaredistracted disturbed, and perhaps provoked to taints of impatience by your selfishness or forgetfulness of others. Unselfish. Hess and thoughtfulness for others so far from spoiling the fruit of your Communion, will, as an act of charity, mal:r it more pleasing to)'our Divine Guest. Evenin the mostsolemn acts of His Life Ile was always considerate to all. When about to work His stupendous miracle of multiplying the loaves and fishes—a preparation for •., Evt•hsristic teaching—Ile thought of the weary and hungry multitude, and bade them rest upon the plentiful grass. At the Last Supper Ile show• creel kindnesses even upon Judas and in His very Agony on the Cross Ile had thought, and Provided, for IIis \Iothcr's coming childlessness, and our own need of a'tendcr spiritual Mother.

Again Pre-War Quality Roof Paint, 28/- gal. Copper Grates, 4/. Hascell's, 559 Wellington Street. .. . t. na..,rvt.eat rnnmtnu4n.on tt

Racing Selections

By "TIIF. IIAWK:"

W.AQ'.C.

Saturday, iApril 1!, 1915, BeforeAcceptances.

Pickering Handicap: Miss,Tranby, 1; Cherbourg, 2; iliion, 3.\

Carmel Maiden Handi c

ap: Easytcal• kin, I; Dab Chick, 2; Nevis, 3.

Bickley Handicap: Atelado, 1; Sky Warden, 2; Rosana, 3.

Walleston Handicap: Nullabung, 1; Starry, 2; Falsetto, 3.

f • •

By "LAURI."

"Ahouseis no homeunless itcontains foodandfire for themindas well as for the body.'—Ossoli.

This week we have made a special display in our window of new and attractive books for chidren. These are particularly suitableasgiftsand prizes, andrangeinpricefrom2/6to18s. For the small children there are some charming picture books: "Round the Farm" (5/3),"Round the Zoo" (5/3), and "The Jolly Jumbos" 12/6), are .among the most popular.

- For theseven and eight yearsold we have anew annual, by Lucie Attwell "Susan and ,Sailor Boy," by Vera Louise Bell, agay little story delightfully illustrated(12/9), and several of the "Ameliaranne" series by Constance Howard. at 4/3each.

"'11v Friend Flicka;"by Mary O'Hara (10/6)."The Tale of Taco Horses," by Tschiffley(13/3),"Renni the Rescuer;" 1 ,

by Felix Salten(11/6),"Tim Davis," Ly John Masefield(7/9),"British Aircraft"(8/3), and "The Boys' R.A.A.F, Book," compiled in collalxxation with the R.A.A.F. (17/6), are ct 1

--'

wr., tenand interestingbooks forboy=.

A few of the mane hooks suitable for gifts for girls and for school libraries are"Claudine of St.. Clares"(3/G), and "The Island Adventure" (12/9). J,oth by Enid Blyton; "Gay from China at the Chalet School;' by E. Brent Dyer (8/-);"Alollc Adair and Co.," by J. Richard Traynor (1/6); "Anne Thorne in America," by Rosamund Bertram lS/31, and "Little Women,"by Louisa Alcott 15/-1.

Flue Pipes for Stoves, Bath Heaters, Rud Paving and Green House Paints. Hassell's,559 WellingtonStreet.

St. Mary's Branch, No.708, Atthemeetingheld onMarch 28, the hisses Maureen Hurley, Marian Moate, Betty Hater, Kath. Kinsella and Dor. othy Ryan were admittedand avelcomed. Arrangementsweremadeforasocial to take place after themeeting on the 11th. inst., and to this members of St.Malachi's.St.Brigid's,St.Anthony's, and St. Kevin'sbranches have been invited.

• TennisCourts.

It has been arranged for the official openingofthetenniscourts,situatedin Brittania-road, Leederville, to take placeon the 15th. inst.,and itis hoped that all members who are interested will attenda,nd help tomake the open. ing asuccess. It is intended by the V.A.Catholic LawnTennisassociation to revive the inter-club matches this 'year. It is expected that this club .rill beable toenterseveral teams, and Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forwork in Western Australia? Make aregular annual contribution to help an Indigentstudent.

IN THE LIBRARY. I'1RE-WEED. By Naomi Royde Smith

This is the story of Rufus Greyne, a painter, to whom 'the things and the people around him were interesting and important only in so far as they stimulated and encouraged his impulses to make graphic impressions of them.

Successful as an artist, he failed in evert human relationship until, above the charred rubble of London during the autumn of 1941, when he returned ,,, it

afterasecret mission in the Near East,hesaw tallspikesoffire-weed pro claiming another way of life that might flower out ofthe ruin he had made of hip personal happiness.

THE JOURNEY HOME. By Robert Henriques.

Thethemeofthe storymaybe found both mucini,

and disturbing. It may give cause for reflection to many who arc concerned with the pains and proI 1

•ms of demobilisation and with the return of those Iwho have been long overseas. A handful of demobilised t•oldiers on their way home cry their ilbr-ion in no uncertain voice. But thedeeperproblem isseen through the thoughts of their companion, agirl of the Forces returning from abroad for her first Christmas of peace, who through her own love story finds herself in the very vortex of their troubles. It is in the illustration of this theme, in the flow of the story on its carious levels of time and emotion, fund

inthecharactersofthegirlandthe soldiers, that Colonel Robert Henriqueshasmade amostnotable advance on hi ,

•caflier novel's. Those of our readers who enjoyed "Captain Smith and Company" will be glad to see this addition to the Library.

members are urged by practise to get themselvesintogood form.

St, Joachim's Branch.

The president, Sr. N. Daly, presided at the last meeting of thebranch, and proposed and initiated two new mcmbers. We regret toreportthat Sr, 11. Scnunuds has been indisposed, and trust she will soon be about again. Latest news of Bro. J.'fully is that he is progressing favourably.

The president expressed her pleasure at the marked increase in the attendanceat thequarterly Communion and hopedmembers wouldkeep thisup.

We extend our best wishes to Bro Bill Spargo and Bro. Jack Jones, who recently joined the R.A.A.F. We are r'cased to hear that Bro. V. Murphy (R.A.A.F.) and Bro. 11 Torrens 1.1.1.11

.1 are in good health.

Our members who attended the sociAat llolc Rosary Branchhadamost enjoyable time, and congratulate the members on such asplendid function. We had alarge representation at the uicnic and all had aroyal time. The M.S. Council deserve great credit for the manner in which thearrangements were carriedout. The next meetingis on April 16, and wehope toseeagood roll up of members.

AGLAD MONTH.

April isknown as the glad month of the year. Aprize of £2.000 would make anyone glad. Tickets are now on sale in the No. 252b Charities Consultation. The first prize is 12,000.

D. HILL

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BUTCHER.

NEWCASTLE ROAD, MIDLAND JUNCTION. Tel. 118 Midland. TRUSSED POULTRY.

Catholic Action Goes to War

(Continued from Front Cover.)

Wherever two or three men can get together to talkover things, there it is possible to start agroup.

"In some places conditions make it very hard--these take some time; in other places it is impossible—these takealittlemoretime."

"This is what Ihave been searching for for months;" wrote one chaplain. "The Companieshave putnewlife into ourworkamongsttheCatholicForces," wrote another. "Ican'tkeep up with these fellows since they started the Companies," another complained cheer-

197

fully. "Eachunitwill yetproduce its own Damien Parer."

The men themselves have sold me the movement," is the latest comment.

The work of the Companies has brought consolation to mothers and familiesofthesoldiers.

As Chaplain General, Archbishop Mannix wrote to all chaplains:"It is the officialmovement of theforces. I confidently commend it to you, and to all those in yourcharge."

Handbooks and badges of the Companiesof theCrossare available at the headquarters of A.N.S.C.A. at 379 Collins-street, Melbourne.—J.Mc.

Prescriptions Carefully and Accurately Dispensed. Complete Stocks of Patent Medicines. Country Orders at City Prices. 'Phone B792S.

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Hotel -

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DUKE OF YORK HOTEL, NARROGIN. Reconditioned and Refurnished. New Lounge, Dining Rooms, and Commercial Rooms. ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth). GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL, Cot. HANN. N & NETHERCOTT STS., KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR .. .. Proprietor.

'Phone 19... ...... Box 124. AUSTRALIA HOTEL, KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St. Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooms.

Refrigeration Throughout. Only Lock-Up Garages In the Centre of Town. M.J. DILLON, licensee.

FREEMASONS HOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent Cuisine. Amatice Refrigerator Installed. Old and New Friends are CorcUally Welcomed. MRS, E. WING, Proprietress.

STAN. O'BRIEN, COURT HOTEL PERTH.

'Phone: 84261.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE.

Overlooking the Ocean. SuperiorAccommodation. Moderate Charges. M. BYRNE (Late of Grand and Shamrock Hotels, Boulder).

VICTORIA HOTEL, HAYSTREET, SUBIACO.

Renovated Throughout. Essence of Comfort. W,

r. ARTIS, Proprietor. (Lateof Balmoral Hotel,Vic.Park)

KEOUGH'S forCATERING

Any Number, Place, or Time.

ThreeReception Roomsfor Hire. On Hire: Crockery, Cutlery and Glassware, etc. Phone: B9454. GLAD KEOUGH. NEWCASTLE ST., PERTH.

Make

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easy to makeupandthe results will thrillyou.

Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It is on sale in Foy'sHomecraftSectionin many lovely colours. Here is agrand opportunity for you to save money by malting your own 'Christmasgiftsthis year.

II a

The theatrical agent was always beingpestered by amiddle-agedlady who dressed and tried to appear like agirl of seventeen.

"You know," said she,"Icould act a tragic part—Ican look tense!"

"Ilumphl" grunted the agent. "You mean past-tensel"

* • •

An old Cockney was asked if he was afraid of flying bombs.

"No, - guv'nor," he said. "First, Jerry's got to pop 'em off, and that ain't easy with ourplanesabout Then they've got to get over what we 'ave waiting for 'em. Lord knows, thatain't easy, either. Then comes London. Well, Jerry can't miss that. But then 'e's got to find 'Ackney, then Bluebell Avenue, then No. 69, and then mostlikely I'll be at thepub. So Idon't worry."

An elderly lady met a friend sh: hadn't seen for aconsiderable time.

"And have there been many changes since Ilast saw you, Mrs. Tarrson?" asked the younger woman.

"Aye," replied Mrs. Tam'son. "I've had a' ma teeth oot, and agas cooker put in."

Everyone in the village had vainly searched for alost cow. Finally the local nitwit went out and brought her in How did you find her so quickly?." the owner asked in surprise.

"Why," the nitwit explained 'Ijest thought if Iwere acow where I'd go and Iwent there and there shy were."

The new maid presented her reference to her employer. It read: "Miss So-and-so has,

an excellent appetite and <leeps well."

Mrs. Jenkins, aregular visitor to the doctor's office, started on the long story of her troubles. The doctor endured it patiently, and gave her another bottle of medicine.

At last she started out, and the doctor was congratulating himself, when she stopped and exclaimed: "Why, doctor, you didn'tlook to see if my tongue was coatedi""I-know it isn't," was the weary reply. "You don't find grass,on aracing track."

"How did you get on with Jeanette?" asked Dick.

The young lover sighed. "Istarted off well," he replied. "Isaid Iwas knee deep in love with her," "Sounds all right," said Dick. "What was her reaction to that?"

The young suitor grimaced. "She promised to put me mt

her wading list," he replied.# # * *

Handsome Young Customer: "I'd like adate sundae, please, miss."

Pretty Waitress: "I'm terribly sorry. I'm fixed up for Sunday, but I'm free on Tuesday." * #

"What is your name, my boy?" asked avisitor in the hotel, when the page brought his boots.

"They call me Billiard Cue." answered the boy.

"What astrange name[ Why do they call you that?"

"Because I'm of little use without a tip." • # s

Husband: "Idon't Understand why some people -

object to having children in their house."

Wife: "I'm sure Icant. Now don't forget to reprimand Willie for breaking the window downstairs and making chalk marks all over the concrete walk,"

First Neighbour: "Iwbnder if his bride is agood housekeeper?"

Second Neighbour: "I'm afraid not. The day Idropped in she was trying to open an egg with atin opener" • *

An actress who was about to be married was receiving the congratulations of her friends. One said to the radiant bride-to-be; "I hope you are going to be very happy, dear."

"of course," she replied. "Ralph simply adores me, and so do I."

A small and pugnacious man was arguing with aparson about certain incidents in the Bible.

"Take the story of Daniel in the lions' den," he said. "Ican explain that for you. It wasn't a miracle. What happened was that avhen Daniel's'friends heard he was to be cast into the lions' den, they had the lions ' gorged With food so that they had no appetite when Daniel -

was put beside them."

That's interesting." said the parson, "and now tell me this: Would you go into aden of lions, even if you knew they had dinedwell?"

"Er .. , yes, Iwould,"said theman

,

"And if you did," said the parson, measuring the little man,"Ifeel sure the lions would have one look at you and say to eachother,'Boys, we've for. gotten the savoury:'

A tramp knocked at the back door of asuburban house, and was metwith an irate housewife:

"You look strong enough to be in the army or work in amunitions factory instead of begging like this," she said sternly.

"Yes, Mum, and you are handsome enough to be on the stage or the mov. ! fes, but it looks as though you prefer housework."

"Step inand have acup of tea!"

"What did you summon your wife for?"

"For rocking me to sleep."

"For rocking you to sleep? Why, that is afriendly action."

"Yes, but you should have seen the rock with which she did it." '

# # #

A tramp approached a group of churchmen and asked for help.

"No," said one of them. "Its against my principles. But you see that man over there?"—pointing to a bishop—"he"s very generous; you might try him." The tramp went up tQ the bishop while the others watched with interest. They saw asurprised look come over the tramp's face; the bishop was talking eagerly. The tramp looked troubled. Then something passed from hand to hand, and the tramp moved away. Oneofthe churchmencalled to him and asked: "Well, did you get )something from our bishop?"

The tramp grinned feebly.

"No," he admitted. "Igave him half acrown for his new cathedral!" # # #

"I have come to ask you if you will subscribe to this deserving charity."

"Certainly, Iwill give you acheque now. Here you are."

"You have forgotten to sign it."

"I know—Iwant to remain anonymous."

Tickets bearing the following words are being shown in a baker's shop window: t

"Pies like mother used to make3d." "Pies like mother used to think she made-6d."

"After the war," said Jensen, "you twill be able to buy awhole opera on a spool ofwire and play iton your radiophonograph."

"My goodness." sighed Benson, "II hopemywife doesn'tfind thatout."

"Gracious, it's five years since I'vc seen you. You look older, too."

"Really, my dear? Idoubt if I twould have recognised you but for vnur coat." # # #

It was the opening day for the new ly erected church, and, in the course v of the many addresses, the builder was called upon to say afew words. On reaching the platform he very slowly said: "Ladies and gentlemen. Iam not feeling very comfortable up here. I should be more at home on the scaffold"

The choirmaster was - coaching the choir in the outback church, but they couldn't get anew anthem right.

"Now remember," he cautioned, "the tenors will sing alone until we come to the gates of hell. Then you all come in.

Dear Cornerites,—Have you all said good-bye to Sumpter nOMI, and prepared for the Winter? Ihave been bus. ily hunting up my woolly jumpers, and storing away my- summer clothes. I've been looking at the array of bright coloured wools in the shop windows, but clear me, Ihave no coupons, and the Wet Blanket utterly refuses to lend me any, so Iwon't be knitting much,,tntil JLie. :crhaps Ihad better concentrate my attention on tha Bushier instead, So, roll up, Corneri+.es, to take aprick card for the Bushies. I'm trying my hardest to create aprick-card record this year, but most of you seem to leave all the work to a small minority. Now, that's hardly fair, is it.' So how about it?

AUNT BESSY.

IS Stirling-street, Bunbury.

'Dear Aunt Bessy,—Last Sunday I read aletter in"The Record" written my greatgrandmother. Wasn't it a nice long, interesting letter? Iam ten years old,and Iam in fifth class at school. Ihave abrother and sister, Roy and ,Jennie, ailed seven years— they are twins. We have only been living in Bunbury about two months. We often go to the jetty or beach, and have great fun in the water. Ihave got asmall canoe, made by the blacks ,n Darwin, which Itakewith me sometimes. Ithink my greatgrandmother, who signs herself"Grandmother" in her letters to you, is rather wonderful. She is S3 years old, and can still ride a horse. She also grows her own,

Lemonade

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vegetables. Ilike going up there to her place for holidays. My great- , grandfather is still living, too. He is 84yearsold. Mumsaid they can both tell some very interesting tales about the olden times. Yesterday they were Showing asea turtle. It was adead one,and one oftheladiessaiditweighedabout half aton. Ithink they are very ugly things. Have you seen a turtle yet? Isuppose you will be reading all about it in the papers. Would you please tell me what the money in the Lemonade Bottle goes towards. Iam selling some tickets in abox of chocolates. The money is fora loud speaker for our school. I must close this letter now, as Icannot think of any more newt. Your loving nephew,

'KEITH GLOSSOP.

Dear Keith,—Welcome to our Corner. You are doubly welcome, you know, for you have the added advantage of being the greatgrandson of two very old friends oaf mine. Your greatgrandmother writes such very interesting letters, and, as you say, she can tell the most interesting tales of the early days. You must have inherited the ability to,write interesting letters, though, Keith, because Iquite enjoyed reading yours. Keepitup, won't you. You must tell me some more about leunie and Roy' and hone you like Bunbury. Ihave alot of nieces and nephews in Bunbury, you know, so youshould meetquiteafew of them.

The money in the Lemonade Bottle is used to pay for religious holidays for the children from the Bush, who wouldn't get achance to learn about God otherwise. Every Christmas holidays they hoard at the nearest big Convent for atime and learn their catechism. That is why they are called Bushies. How are your tickets selling? You must write to me again. soon.

AUNT BESSY.

Wembley Park,

Dear Aunt Bessy,—With best wishes f-rthe 13nshies, in honour of St. Anthony. From a WELLWISIiER.

Dear Wellwisher,—Another halfcrown towards the Lemonade Bottle. Thanks, indeed. May St. Anthony always help you.

AUNT BESSY.

two'teams. Red and Blue. Michael was captain of Blue,but Red won. I willhave to close now, Aunt Bessy, so Cheerio.

THELMA FRAYNE.

P.S.: There are also some stamps enclosed.—T. F.

Dear Thelma,—It's nice to hear from you so regularly: Ihope you have thanked the lady for me. It is very

D,

•a ,

Aunt Bessv,—Ten shillings for the Bushies, in thanksgiving to the Little Flower. Hoping she will continue to look on me with favour. A GRATEFUL CLIENT.

Dear Grateful Client,—Iam sure the Little Flower will not forget you, as vcu do not forget the Bushies. Thanks Very much for th^ donation.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find enclosed postal note for£l. Iam badly in need of something, and am praying hard to SS. Joseph and Anthony to help me. In return I promised to help the Bushies Scheme, and so am fulfilling my part. May God bless your work.

SOLDIER'S WIFI:.

Dear Soldier's Wife,—Your generos. ity to the Bushies should certainly merit you areply to yourprayers. And Ithink you should get your request, too, because both SS. Joseph and Anthony are very dependable. Ih,

)P_ }ou do, anyway.

AUNT BESSY.

14 Tuart-street, Bunbury.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—

Here I-am again trying to think of something to write about, but first Iwill tell you that the five shillings' P.K, enclosed is from the kind lady: it is her March donation. I'm sorry- Iforgot to ask you for some prick cards last time Iwrote, but I will ask now. Please send me two. The annual St, Patrick's Ball was held on Friday,March i6,andit was agreat success. I'm very interested in tennis, are vou, Aunt Bessy? Both my brother Michael and Iplay in the evening on the school court, and also on Saturday afternoons— Our school boyshad agame ofcricketon Wednes• day last for atrophy. There were

n

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What English Parliamentarians Thought of Polish Issue

Opinions in the Lords

London, February2S,1945.—W.A.T.).

—Extractsfrommembers'opinions:

'Mr. Arthur Greenwood, M.P. (Labour):"The Big Three must not in an event regard themselves as the overlords of Europe. Ido notthink that The Big Three ought to determine the fate ofsmallernations. Imouldpoint out to the House that it is foreign to the principlesofBritishjusticethatthe fate of the nation should be decided in itsabsenceandbehinditsback. There shouldbeintheeastofEuropealiving beaconof Poland,freeandindependent as awarningnote toanyfutureaggressiveGermany. Isay itreally isacardinal sin forthe Three Great Powers— one of whom has interest which we have not got—in the absence of the people whose lives are being bartered away to determine the future of any country:"

Mr. William Beveridge, M.P. (Liberal):"The fact that Russia has liberated any part of Poland is not any reason why she should have any part ofit. Itisessentialforus tosee that thePolishGovernmentisonechosento please either Soviet Russia or ourselves. Wemusttakegreatcaretomake certain that those who are concerned with the,formation of the new Provi. sional Government have every opportunity for their work; that they are able to make certain that before the election takes place all Poles, wherever they may be, have to get back to Poland;

that they should make certain that all Poles, whether pro-Russian or not,canbecomecandidates; andfinally, that the election is held fairly and under international observation which means that the elections are heldafter the withdrawal of any Soviet Armies and any Soviet Police:"

Mr. Price. M.P. (Labour): "The importanceoftheseelectionstothefuture of Poland and of Eastern Europe cannot be exaggerated. Ithink it is necessarythereshouldbepresentrepresentatives of the great Powers of Eurone to watch and supervise them:" hlr. Driberg, M.P.(Independent):"I cannotsee great difficulties in the promisedAlliedsupervision offree andunfettered elections. I am just :is anxious as they are to see that there are reallyfree and unfettered elections bath in PolandanrdinGreece."

Mr. McGovern X.P. (Independent Labour):"With the deportation of millions of Poles and putting to death of alarge number of Polish politicians and trade union leaders and every individual who does notsubscribe to the totalitarianideasofStalin,Ihavegrave l doubts about the carrying out of this lemocratic plebiscite. Stalin had creat. ed theLublinCommittee, andhebacks

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and Commons

it every inch of

the wav, because it is hiscommittee and hisgovernment."

Lord Dunglass, M.P.(Conservative):

"Whateverone thoughtofPolandthere wasnocountry byreasonof itsoppositiontotyranny thathadagreaterright to independence. Ibelieve most profoundly that it wasessential to British interests that we should have seen to preserve our moral standards in international behaviour."

Mr. Petherick, M.P. (Conservative):

"Poland had not lost the war- she is our continuing ally. In the last 200 years this avas the fifth time in which Poland had been cutup by adjoining Powers. The Provisional Government was proposed as aresult of Yalta. It wastobechosenbythreeeminentmen. Would any country in the whole wide worldaccept'suchgovernment?"

Major Lloyd, 11.11

.(Conservative):

"It was avery definite breach of the Anglo-Soviet Treaty and avery definite moral breach of the Anglo.Polish Treaty. Free elections could not be held in Poland with the Red Army in occupation. We are trustees for Poland. We dare not let her down, but weare about todoso." .

Lord Willoughby de Eresby, M.P. (Conservative):"Inthe pastfive years Ihave been associated with men who fought, suffered and died for their country, and their views were entitled to ahearing. They were fighting for Poland, and they did not mean aPoland decreed by Soviet Russia and underwritten by the British Government."

Air. Raikes, M.P. (Conservative):

"The real issue at stake was far wider than that of Poland: it was the issue ofthe good nameof Britainamongthe nations of the world. Poland's independence was interwoven with British honour."

London, March2,194.1.—P.A.T.)—Extracts from Members' opinions:

Lord Addison: "We owe a tremendouslot to the valour ofPolish airmen and toPolish troops, and never should we forget it."

Viscount Elibank: "Iventure to believe that there can he no possible guarantee of free and unfettered elections taking place in an atmosphere which has been created in Poland dun ing the past five years of hideous war andsuffering. Notone of itshere will deny that in the stniggle in which we have been engaged for five years, Poland hastaken herpartwithoutreserve andwithit courage andskillwhich canriot he surpassed. How is the establishment ofafree and independent Po. land to he accomplisher)?"

can as. sure the Ifouse most sincerely that it is the firm intention of his Majestv's Government that these consultations shall, in fact, be free and unfettered, and that these representative Poles, whocomefrom both insideandoutside Poland, shall be given the full opportunity of making their views known. I have felt all along that there are only two possible policies regarding Polanj One is to find asettlement acceptable to Russia and that, to my mind, YOU,CAN DOALLYOURSHOPPINGAT the GOLDFIELDS' LEADING EMPORIUM where you always get THE BEST OF SERVICE MAKE— We Glasson YOUR TAILOR KALG00RLIE RUSSELL " Kalgoorlie THE SHOP FOR MEN'S WEAR FOR THE BESTMEATat REASONABLE PRICES, Deal from— Jas. Gray and Co. Ltd. WHOLESAL' ;AND RETAILBUTCHERS. WBURT ST., BOULD .R,IRDAOHAVENUE, AH,ANNANST, KALGOORLIE. Telephones: B168; K675. — Telephones: BIN; 1675. GENERAL DRAPERS.

is as essentialtoPolandastous. Theother istostand asideandwashourhandsof the ewhole thing. But how would it have helped the Poles? What would betheirpositionnowifwehadadopted that policy? The whole country of Poland would have been handed over to the Lublin Committee. I cannot imagine any ;situation mote dangerous forworld harmonythanthat." "The

House of Quality." 's

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t Printed and Published by Keith Francis Spruhan, at"nee Record" O

ce, 450 Hay Street, Perth.