The Record Newspaper 04 April 1945

"Profound Disquiet... Considerable Anxiety. Conscience of Nation Stirred..

Unilateral Action

With Implied Ultimatum by Soviet—

"Poland Will Become aRussian Fiet"

"Daily Mail," of February 20, by Alastair Forbes:

"The interested party in this case , Poland, was not evenconsulted. Her legal Government wasinformed of this "fait accompli" in circumstances ex, ceedingly reminiscent of those in 1939, when Benes was woken from his sleep to learn of the Anglo-French betrayal. One may wellblush forBritish honour, but one's chief anxiety on this score has nothing whatsoever to do with one's personal attitudeto Poland,or to any particular group of Poles. It is for Europe that one grows anxious when solutions are accepted, which soonerorlater,l:i:mrymustrejectand which already are ensuring that Europe's living standards must remain at depressionlevelformanyyears. Iam reliably informed that the Polish question wasside-steppedby the Big Three themselves and left to the less tender mercies of foreign secretaries. Stettinius, it appears, just sat and smiled and the'strong hand' of America was only usedforbackslappingandwaving to photographers. It really is very difficult to understand how the free• dom of elections, and what is just as important, the freedom of speech and person of all those politiciansemigre o

rotherwise,whohavetherigh,

ttolive andworkinPoland,canbe-formedsinnp1v by broadening an illegal and foreign Power-sponsored body like Lub• ]in."

"Manchester Guardian."

The "Manchester Guardian" of February23:

"The part of the declaration which must be closely examined is that pro• v-iding for anew Provisional Government and free elections. In the circumstances,Polesarejustifiedin asking fi ,

rlittle name satisfaction. For instance,itwouldseemstrange foranew Government to be reorganised under the presidency of Rierut, who has no elective righttothat position and who hay publiclyattai•kedLondon Polesand their supporters in Poland indiscrimin• ately as traitors and Fascists. Either a new and impartial President must be chosen,oracommission of three,

"Before the exiles return thev must be satisfied that not only are they in

no danger of arrest and per•rcution themselves,

but that their followers are alsofree toenjoy the benfitsofliber

ation. Clearly no election can be free and no government democratic if Lublin Poles continue to monopolise the Polish press and radio for their own brand of propaganda. And not only must the Polish press be free, but the press of the world must have free access to Poland. It can be safely said that no matter how free elections were no one would believe them to be so, if Allied correspondents were forbidden to report on them."

"Time and Tide."

"Time and 'hide" of February 24:

"Profound disquiet is felt in England at the arbitrary settlement of Poland's fate. Although propaganda coming fromobvious quarters isat work torepresent this very general feeling as purely Tory reaction, this is far from being the case. There is very considerable anxiety in Labour ranks and amongall those to whom theprinciples offree choice and independentgovern• ment are dear. Whatever the outcome of their interview it is notable thatGreenwood has thought it important to see Arciszewski. The conscience of the nation is stirred, not merely about the specific question of Poland: even those markedly unsympathetic to the Polish cause itself record Poland? fateasadisastrous omenforthefuture settlement of Europe and w wnL1 Peace,"

"Spectator"

"Specotor" of l-ebruarr.23:

"The crux of the debate, as is both inevitable and obvious, will be the agreement reached about the future of Poland. The fundamental fact about the Polish situation is that Russia, by whose armies the Germans have been driven out of Poland, intends to incor. porate territories cast of the Curzon Line. Such is the situation that has confronted Churchill. and Roosevelt fromthefirst, andnothing isgainedby anv attempt to disguise it.

"What is wrong about the decisions isthat they arebased onunilateral ac.

ti, ,

nwith implied ultimatum in the background by Russia. Whatever may be said, the Yalta decisions including

that on Poland have been taken and they must stand. The essential ques• tion now is whether the'strong, free, independent and democratic Poland whichthethreestatesmenatYaltapro. fcssed to desire, will be, in reality, free and independent and democratic, though it is afact that Britaifi and Americahave committedthemselvesto the principle of Poland's freedom and independence and that a complete agreement exists in both countries as to what adjectives,'free and independent,' mean is something at least for Poles and their friends to build on.

"If they prefer, instead, to proclaim in advance that the committee consisting of\lolotov and British and American Ambassadors at Moscow charged with bringing anew Polish Natnonal Governmentinto being is somucheyewash and that Poland will become a Russian fief, inspite ofall thatBritain and America may say, then they need notbeastonishedifthey alienatemuch British,and American sympathy that would othertwisebe with them. What is imperative, if afree and independent Poland is to take shape within whatever frontiers, is that, first of all, asstrongandrepresentative Provincial Government as possible shall be Selected by the Allied Committee of three, and next, that the elections which are to follow shall be uninfluenced by any external pressure, or persuasion, whatever."

"The Tablet."

The "'1'nblet" cf February 21, in an article entiled"The Partition

"Churchill will have to defend Yalta before the llouse of Commons, many of whose members are rightlyand nat, orally shocked, because the Prime Ministerseemssoblandly unconscioushow unprecedentedin ourhistory is theline ofconducthehas followed towards the Government of Poland. Ile has put hisnametodocumentswhich deal w'th the whole future of an ally, the composition of government and both its eastern and western frontiers, without even mentioning the government of that Coantrv, although that govern. ment deserves not onl}• hull diplomatic recocoition. but special consideration due to atried ally in war and is a government to which all Polish forces serving by the side of nur own forces look. It has been treated as though it did not exist, while certain private Poles most important of them professional Communist acents ready to work in any comtry they are sent no. were mentioned by name in the Yalta document as presenting a hasis on which to Ireild a n

ew,

Polish Govern. ment.

Illegftianate Russian Claim

"Stripped of all verbiage. the Yalta agreement looks like altogether an excessive British and American acquiescence in a-wholly illegitimate Russian claim to impose upon Poles - government primarily chosen by Russians, The BalticState'swere'hors d'oeuvres.' Poland is the main dish. What is themaindish. What ishappening to Poles is alarge-scale addition of the fate that has already overtaken the Baltic Republics when their fate, although it could not be prevented, could, at any rate, have been much more bluntly disavowed. But Western passivity and even readiness to justify what was clone, was an encouragement to those who framed the policy of Kremlin, suggesting that if they put sufficientlybold front on amatter, they could take Polandaswell. It is simple to merely write as though it were some justification for Soviet policy that Poland is aback area of the Red Army operations, as France and Pelgium are of the allied armies, without our making that pretext for imposinggovernmentsonFrance andBelguim, or arresting French Maquis and denouncing them asGerman collabora- • tors. That,would be the fate ofmen like George Bidault if he hadbelonged to the Polish Resistance Movement instead of to the French.

PolishCasualties.

here is no praise too high for the dignity and loyalty displayed during the past fortnight by the Polisharmed forcesin the west whichowe allegiance to their betrayed government and, in particular, by the Second Corps tinder thecommandofAnders inItaly. The Second Corps is mainly composed of menfromEasternPoland,whosehomes are in territories now being handed to Russia; homes which most of these men who have fought so hard and well•through five and a half years they will never see again- Few of those from territories given to Russia, orfromterritoriesgiventoLublin, will )rant to return, even if they have an opportnnitv,. instead, they will have to start life afresh in astrange land mild usually without womenfolk. No peopue have paid the price in human life comparable to that paid by Poles.

"It is only during the past few months that the Western -Allies, with their much greater populations have equalled Polish easualty lists in battle, and the Western Allies have been subiceted to social engineering. Counting the casualties in the west up to last October and in the Home Army uptolast March, Poleshad lostSRG.7W men killed since the outbreak of war, compared to 926,900 from the entire British Empire and 361,100 from the United States.in the same period, If (Continued on Back Cover.)

Factors Which Compassed • Death of Christ Repeated in Lives of Christians

Complicated Marriage Case Involving The Ne Temere Decree of 1918

Why the Church Changed

1 ---

Ier Attitude towards Disparityof Cult

We are at the beginning of Holy Week. To-day, Palm Sunday, we

commemorate the occasion—only five days before Our Lord died—when the fickle populace of Jerusalem carne out and greeted Him with enthusiasm. They cheered Him as the "Son of David," atitle which would seem to indicate! that they admitted Him tobe the Messiah,t}ie Saviour,so messianic is this title culled drom the prophets who,almostallofthem,atonetimeor another referred to the future Messiah as the "Son of David." It seems strange,does itnot, that those whotoday tore branches from the wayside trees and strewed them in the path of Christ, together with their cloaks, should within less than a week be those who would shout with hatred, "Crucify Him, crucify Him"? The fact that we find this inconstancy hard to understand is on apar with what we think of Judas Iscariot and his betrayal, of Pilate and his disgraceful weakness, and of

the Apnstles and their short-lived loyalty. It always is so very easy to find the wrongdoings of others quite inexplicable and inexcusable, and then to give little if any attention to our own conduct, which considered dispassionately must frequently hear much similarity to the betrayal of Judas, the cowardice of

Pilate, and the faithlessness of the twelve.

It is the faith of every even semi• orthodox Christian that Jesus Christ died for our sins. It is our misdeeds as wellas thoseof His contemporaries which ledChristupthesorrowful road to the summit ofCalvary's hill. The historical betrayals of- the past, of Solomon, ofJoas,ofAchab,rightdown to

Judas, have been reduplicated in our own timesand,if we examine our conscience's, perhaps in our own lives. Theidolatriesof theOldTestamentare repeated again in the worship, in our owntimes, ofmoney,ofpower, of race and of-leader. So it is most appropriate that our Holy Mother the Church in the service of Good Friday should remindher children, as she has done continuously for two thousand years,and as did her predecessor, the Jewish Church before her, of all the innumerabe benefits which God has showered upon us and of the return which so often has been made for those benefits. Some of the most beautiful and poignant passages which have ever been written are the "Re. proaches," or

"Improperia," which are sung on Good Friday morning during the veneration of the Cross.

"0 my people, what have Idone to thee? Orin whathave Igrieved thee?

TELEPHONE: B3511.

AnswerMe. Because Iledtheeout of the land of Egypt, thou hast prepared across for thy Saviour;" and the deacon

answers: "0, holy immortal one, havemercy upon us." "BecauseIled thee out through the desert during forty years, and fed thee with manna, andbrought thee intoalandexceeding good. thou hast prepared across for Ili

ySaviour." "What more ought I tohave done for thee that Ihave not done? Iplanted thee for my fairest vineyard:and thouhast turnedexceeding bitter to me; for thou gavest me vinegar to drink in my thirst, and pierced with a lance thy Saviour's side," "Iled thee out of Egypt, drowning Pharaohin the RedSea: and thou didst deliver Me to the chief priests. Iwent before thee in•a pillar of cloud: and thou leadst Me to the judgment hall of Pilate. Ifed thee with manna in the desert: and thou strikest Ile'with blow& and scourges. Igave thee to drink the waterof salvation from the rock: and thou gavest me gall and vinegar. 0, illy people, what have Idone to thee?

Or in what'have I grieved thee?

Answer Die. Igavest thee a royal sceptre: and thou gavest Me acrown of thorns to My head. Ilifted thee up with great power: and thou didst hangate upon the gibbet of the cross. 0, my people, what have Idone to thee? Or in what have Igrieved thee?

Answer Me."

It would seem to me that even in theinadequate English translation it is not given to human words to express more touchingly the love which Christ OurLord has forus andthe miserable return which the majority of us make to Him.Iwas almost tempted to turn the wholeof thissessionof the"CatholicAnswer" to-night intoasermon, because what IS the Catholic answer to the question, what is wrong with the world? to the question, why i's mankind tortured and distressed in our times? why is there so much disunity even among well-meaning Christians? What is our answer, but areturn to Christ, to afull-blooded belief in His teachings, and awholehearted attempt to keep His law? And this answer we flinginto our own teeth aswellasinto those of other people, for although we claim that Mount Sion is alone in the CatholicChurch and thatalltheothers areGarizims in Samaria, we must also sadly admit that very manv Catholics are entirely unworthy of their calling and will perhaps find themselves excluded from the dying prayer of Our Lord in which so many othersiwill be partakers: "Father, forgive them, for theyknow notwhattheydo."

Interested, Perth:

(This letter is areply to an answer given in-aprevious session regarding the validity or invalidity of marriage contracted by non-Catholicsoutside the Catholic Church. The correspondent writes:"Idid think that possibly the Church's attitude may have altered in recent years" (Incidentally,in the previous session Ihad said that the Church has altered some of her mar. riage legislation within the last thirty years; Iexplained thisbypointing out that Christian marriage is both acontractand aSacramentand beingunder thejurisdiction of theChurch, She can

altertheconditionsrequiredfor avalid contract—without the valid contract there can be no Sacrament.) "Interested" goes on: "This then would postulateeither chhngein the Unchanging or prior error in the interpretation of God's mind."

A.: That is not so. God's mind on thematter,accordingtoCatholic teach. ing, is that Ile has left the discipline of the Sacraments in the hands of His ('hurch. So if the Church wishes to ,:rld to or substract froLn the-requiren'ents for avalid marriage contract, she can doso. Igave aparallel case in thepower ofcivil authority to alter the requirements for avalid will.

"Interested" then gives the details of his own case; here they are in brief: ' Ile wasneverbaptised,he was married toanon-CatholicChristianwoman and was eventually divorced. A Church dignitary of high standing told hin that, not havingbeenbaptised, his previous marriage, in the eyes of Catholics, was no marriage,so that he was free to marry in the Catholic Church, if he so wished. His intended marriage with aCatholic woman did not eventuate. Years afterwards he wished tomarry anotherCatholic girl. The girl was told on good authority that her fiance's previous marriage was — valid,so that as aCatholic she could have nothingto do with him. Add to this that his previous divorced wife had afterwards been married in the Catholic Church.

A.: Well, here isacomplicated case, if you like, but, Imust admit, agood case and afair question. flow much more simpleit would have been if you had givenall thesedetails in your previous letter and given the relevant dates, because precisely in this matter of dates lies the solution of your problems. Between the dates of your previous broken-up marriage and your second intended one the legislation of the Church changed somewhat. Let r.,c give you abrief summary of Catholic doctrine of the impediment called Disparity of Cult, which indicates themarriageofabaptised person with anon-baptised one. (Not merely the marriage ofaCatholic to anon-Catholic Christian,but the marriage of. a Christianwith anonChristian,) These types of marriages have always been considered as constituting grave danger to the faith of the Christian party,and, consequently,have always beenconsideredasunlawful. St. Paul, forinstance,in2Con,6,14,says:"Bear not the yoke with unbelievers," In the early Church,however, such marriages were not considered invalid gutonlyunlawful. (Witness the marriage of the parents of St. Augustine, Monica the Catholic and Patrick the pagan.) In the course of the centuries such marriages came to be considered as invalid by the general consent of the Church. Naturally when practically everyone was aChristian such marriages were less excusable, and as aconsequence were generally considered more serious. This continued until May 19, 1918. Until May, 191c_ therefore amarriage between aChristianandanon-baptisedpersonwas not only discountenanced by Divine Law, but also positively prohibited by Ecclesiastical law. Since the Catholic Church, in virtue of Her claim to be the OnlyTrue Church, also claims jurisdiction over all Christians—that is

DidPopeLiberiusSurrendertotheArianHeresy?.

NegligenceofPopeHonoriusIin`FailingtoStemINIonothelitism

Weak & Ambiguous Teaching But No Bearing on Infallibility.

...

Three Grey Spots in the Papal Lineage

all baptised personsmarriages between anon-baptised person and baptised, whether Catholics or not, were, prior to 1918, considered by the Catholic Church to be invalid. Hence the decisionas regardsyourfirst marriage. You have never been baptised; your „ marriage was considered invalid, and so you were free to contract another and avalid marriage. Now, what happened on May 19, 1918? On that date the New and revised Code of Canon Law came into force. Some old laws were abrogated, some werealtered, and some new ones were enact. ed. Amongst the alterations was a change in the Church's attitude to this impediment of Disparity of Cult in so far as it affected non-Catholic Christians. The new Code explicitly exempted non-CatholicChristians from her law, which declared invalid the marriages of Christians and non-Christians without a dispensation. The reasons for thischange were, ofcourse, that the number of non-Catholic per. sons of Christian origin who were not being baptised at all )vas growing every year, and through no fault of theirowntheywerecontractinginvalid marriages a., far as the Catholic Church wasconcerned. This new law was not retroactive, that is, it did not alter things which had happened prior to its publication. If your first marriage outsidetheCatholic Church was betweenanon-CatholicChristianand a not baptised person, and you had no dispensation and it took place before Nfay 19, 1918, it was invalid. Lf it took place after that date in similar circumstances it was valid. The sec. ond priest,.who said you could not validly marry again, was wrong if you had been married prior to 1918; right, if you had been married after that date. If he was wrong, he may not have realised the date of your first marriage, as Idid not when you first wrote to this session.

Interested. Hutton St., Collie:

Thisis thesortofletter, written,probably in quite good faith, but which makes one want to tear one's hair. It is one long seriesof"prove from the Bible this. - "state what passage in the Bible supportsyour such and such aclaim,"'whereisitsaidthat theCatholic Church is appointedso and so" Look here, my dear correspondent, if you doritwant to become aCatholic, if you don't wish to accept all the teaching of the Catholic Church, it's all right with me. Iwould like you to become aCatholic, but if you don't wantto., well,that's that.. Butplease don't ask us again and again to prove conclusively all Catholic doctrine from theHoly Scripturesalone.Ashas been saidahundredtimesinthissession, we do not consider the Bible as the sole rule of faith as the Protestants of old used to(and many do still, apparently). Wealsoholdthatthe traditional teachingoftheChurchisavalidsource of the doctrine of Christ. You don't holdthis. Allright,askustoprove it again in your next letter, if you like, but don't, please, try to use against usargumentsthe strength of which we deny.

Havingletoffthat amount ofsteam then, Imay as well say that one of your questions, thatabout the Supper of Our Lord being aSacrifice, will be dealt with later in answer to the next letter.

Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Hester. Stocks of Paints, Varnish, Caleomine. Hassell's Stores, Perth,.. B6307.

Learner, Cottesloe: Quotes from a book called"Roman Catholicism Refuted," by William Goldsack. Our correspondent makes three points, the first concerning Pope Liberius and his alleged surrender to the Arian heresy: the second about Pope HonoriusIand his alleged heresy, and the third denying that the Mass could possibly be a Sacrifice,sincetheSacrifice ofChriston theCrossistheoneandonlysacrificeof the Christian law, St. Paul's Epistle tothe Hebrewsisquoted asconfirming this. Qmight state that these are not necessarily the opinionsof our correspondent, but merely points which he confesses to be rather disconcerting to theenquirer.)

A.: Pope Liberius(352.366) hasbeen accused by some historians of giving way to the Arian heresy. The Arians denied that the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity was true God: they claimed that He was merely the first and greatest of God's creatures. The Catholic Faith, defined at the first General Council of Nicea in 325. has always been that the Son is equally God with the Father—the Father and the Son are of the same Substance.In between the heretics who denied this and the Catholics werethe semi-Arians, who said that the Father and the Son (were similar in essence. It is claimed by adversaries of Papal Infallibility that Liberius subscribed to an Arian or at least semi-Arian profession of ,faith so as to be released from exile.

It is true that Pope Liberius was exiledbythe Emperor Constantius for refusing to give in to the Arians. It is also true that he later returned to Rome from Thrace, his place of exile. It is claimed that he was permitted to return only because he gave in to Arianism. This is an hoary old difficulty, but it certainlydeserves an answer. Here are afew points:

1. Even though Liberius did sign a completely Arian profession of faith, it would prove nothing against the Infallibility of the Pope, because hewas so obviously anti-Arian both before and after his alleged lapse. At the mostitwould be asign of moralweak. ness on the part of Liberius and nothingmore. Why,he wasexiledfor being anti-Arian and after his return repeatedly defended St. Athanasius, the champion of orthodoxy.

2. Did Liberius sign an hereticalprufession offaith? If hesignedthe second formula of Sirmium he signed an heretical document, but most historians claim that if he signed at all he signed the third formula of Sirmium, which, although abit ambiguous was capable of an entirely Catholic interpretation. Rufinus, an historian of theendofthe fourth century,lessthan forty yearsafter the death of Liberius, says that he has been unable to ascertain whether Liberius was permitted to return to Rome because he sub. scribed to the formula of Sirmium or because of the repeated request made totheEmperorbythepeopleofRome for his return.. Theodoret, Socrates, Sulpitius, Severus, contemporary historians, all state thatLiberiuswaspermitted to return because of the in. stances of the Roman people. Pope Anastasius,thirty-three yearsafter the death of Liberius, praises him for his fidelity to the Catholicfaith of Nicea.

What then is the reasonable conclu. sion? ? Whatever Liberius did or did not do in amoment of weakness, he most certainly was Catholic in his -views about the Holy Trinity. If he did subscribe to one of the formulae ofSirmium it was almost certainlythe third, which was quite capable of a Catholic interpretation. Contempor-

ary historians all favour the opinion thathewasreleased as afavourto the Roman people. Oneofhis immediate Pope successors praises him,for his orthodox faith.

Now, regarding Pope Honorius I (626628):

It is claimed that Honorius officially and "ex cathedra" pronounced that there was butone willinChristandso rwas responsible for the spread of the Monothelite heresy; also that he was condemned as aheretic at the sixth General Council at Constantinople in 680, and that thisCouncilwasconfirm. edby Pope Leo II,

This answer will require some introduction to make it understandable to the average listener(and, incidentally, I'm afraid that Imust beboring some of my lighter-hearted listeners, but we cannot be answering insulting letters all the time just tokeepthem amused, can we now?)

The Catholic teaching regarding Jesus Christ, the Second Person of the BlessedTrinity, is thatHeis only one person but that He has two natures, the Divine nature and Human nature. Monothelitism,in the fifth century,denied this and said that as there is only one person in Christ, so there is only one nature—the Divine—the human nature having been absorbed by the Divine. This was condemned at the fourth General Council at Chalcedon in 451. Sothereis onlyone personinChrist. Alright,saidCyrus, the PatriarchofAlexandria,ifthereisonly one personthere canbeonly one operation in Christ. No, said others, the orthodox, there are two natures in Christ, so there are two operations. There,was nearly anew heresy over this(people were really interested in theology in those days). Sergius the Patriarch and Archbishop of Constantinople, then, for the sake of peace, suggested that neither side use either of these expressions, even though he favoured the "one operation." He wrote to Pope Honorits for his approval in 634, and the two letters of the Pope to Sergius are the basis for the accusation of heresy against Honorius: What did Honorius answer? He condemned nothing and he defined nothing. He praises Sergius for dropping the expression"one operation," and agrees that the use of the expression,"two operations;" although correct, might suggest to some people that there are two persons in Christ, which is untrue. Confessing that there is but one person in Christ, he can. cludes"whence we also confess one will in Our Lord Jesus Christ." The idea then spread that Christ had no human will like other men, but only the Divine will. This is aheresy because Christ's human nature is complete and necessarily contains also a will.. The existence of only adivine will in Christ comprises the Monothelite heresy, and wascondemned at the 0th. General Council at Constantinople in680. Honorius,amongstothers, was also condemned. Pope Leo II, confirmed the acts of the Council, and it is claimed thathealsoconcurred inthe condemnationof Honorius asaheretic.

Lord's human nature as there are in our fallen nature—that is the will of the flesh and the willofthe spirit—the twolawswarring inourmemberswhich St. Paul talks about. Unfortunately, ilcnorius did not see that the :Monothelites would argue that as there could not be any opposition of wills inChrist, therefore therecould be only one-will—the divine. Honorius has never lacked defenders from the earliesttimes whohaveclaimedthathisletters could be interpreted in an orthodox sense. No Catholic has the right to defend the teaching of Honorius, which was weak and ambiguous. He most certainly was not aformal heretic. Ile was aheretic in the broad sense that he had not immediately stampedon the sparkoffalsehood,but hadevennourisheditbyhisnegligence. His intentions were admittedly good.

One final point.The Catholic Church only claims infallibility for the Pope's utteranceswhenhe is speakingashead of the Church to the whole Church on matters of faith ormorals. Honorius' letters do not fulfill these conditions; they settled nothing, they defined nothing, they merelysuggestedamode of procedure. Why, even a modern Papal Encyclical ismuch more publicised than those letters were, yet they are not claimed as infallible! An infallible pronouncement of a Pope is quite recognisableby the solemnity of its tone and for the carefulness of its language. They generally begin with suchlanguageas:"In thename of Our Lord Jesus Christ, by theauthority of the Holy ApostlesPeterand Paul, and by our own,we solemnly declare, proclaim and pronounce that such and suchistobebelievedbyallthe;faithful as anarticle of faith."

Inotice in the letter of our correspondent the name of one Pope(which Ileft out inadvertently from the beginning of this answer. This third Pope is Hadrian VI. Apparently the sameGoldsack quotes in his book, "Roman Catholicism Exposed and Refuted;" an extract from another book by Littledale, named, "Plain Reasons AgainstJoining the Church of Rome," who quotes from abook of Pope HadrianVI. called"Dictateson the First Bookof Sentences," and the quotation is -

"Itis certain thatthe Pope canerr even in matters offaith, asserting heresyinhisdeterminationordecrees; for manyoftheRomanPontiffswereherotics," .Iwasquiteunable totrackdownthis quotation, thefinalpartofwhichseems most improbable. Isay improbable because all those people who try to refute the Catholic doctrine of Papal Infallibility do notquotemany Roman Pontiffs. Of the 259 Popes since St. Peter, they do not quote many, they quote very, very few, and they all quote the same few. Who are these few? Ishallgiveyou one guess:Liberius, Ionoriusf, and Hadrian, of course.

trills in Our

Now what about this? First of all poor Honorius is- most blameworthy because whatever else may be true or not true, he certainly helped to start anew heresy. Did Honorius teach heresy? His intentions were certainly not heretical, ascan be seen from the context of his letters(me will go into this in aminute). His words "we confess one will of Our Lord Jesus Christ,"astheystandand takenoutof their context, without explanation are certainly heretical. Pope Leo II, allowed the condemnation to stand, be cause, as he himself says: Ilonoriu's had been negligentinextinguishingthe rising flame of heresy.. What did ionorius really mean? Ile was not referring to the divine will of Christ at all. He was writing to contradict the false doctrine ascribed by Sergius to his opponent: "that there are two conflicting wills in Christ." He was merely at pains to insist that there ,were not two opposing

As regards Pope Hadrian VI. (15221523). 1. Ile did admittedly write against the infallibility of the Pope. 2.(Hadrian certainly did not, as Pope, hold against the doctrine of infallibility. The writings referred to belong to theperiod when he wasprofessorat Louvain University and, therefore, at the most are the opinion of aprivate theologian. Littledale'sreference to the"Reforming Pope Hadrian VI,' at least as quoted by Goldsack, give the impression thatHadrianhad made the abovestatement as aPapal pronouncement. This ismost misleading tothe casual reader and was perhaps intended to be.

3. The doctrine of Papal Infallibility was defined at the General Council of the Vatican in 1370, and while we claim that this doctrine was held generally by the whole Church from the earliest times, we naturally do not claim that the doctrine had not its opponents. Such aclaim would be quite absurd, since the reason for the pronouncementin 1870was thatadoctrine which had been in peaceful possession for centuries was beginning tohave itsopponents,anditwasneces(Continged on Page4.)

... Christ's Creative,Words at the Last Supper.

How the Miracle of Transubstantiation Was First Promised ...

Insuperable Difficulties Surrounding Figurative Explanations

.\s the Catechism of the council of Trent explains, this Blessed Sacrament was instituted by Our Lord at that Last Supper which lie took with His Apostles uu the night of llis•betrayal to the Jaws.

lie took bread, and blessed it, and brakeit, andgave to Hisdisciples, saying,"This is My Body" His infinite power, already several times miracu. lously exerted upon material subs•tances—as at the Marriage Feast in Can a, andinthe two

multiplicationsofloaves —actually wrought the wonder which Hiswordssignified. Thesewordswere not declaratory merely, but effected thereand then what theyexpressed.

Our Lord did not say: "This is a figureof\ly Body —this is infuture to be areminder of qty Body, or of 'MN Passion and Death," though the Eucharististhat inclusively. li e

didadd the injunction to His Apostles: "DO thisfor acommemoration of\le.'• But this is evidently acommand, carrying with it the power to do the selfsame thing that He Himself had just done: and that which Ile had done—as the plain and obvious meaning of the wordsconvey—w•as togiveto Hischosen twelve, under the outward appear• anceofbread, Ifis own trueBodv. And what has been said of that Body appliesalsotothechalire—"thenew testa. ment in Jfy Blood " Ile gaveusboth His Sacred Body and His Precious Blood for the nourishment of our hum grysouls.

Those simple-minded fishermen of Galilee would not have looked for arty figurative meaning in them; nor, indeed, was thereanysuchthat would he likely to suggest itself to their minds. For the antecedent aptitude of bread to represent abody, and of wine to represent blood, would have been any thing but obvious to them.

i-do not say that in point of f:a' ah.ulntel• no precedentcouldhe found for,rich symholism, But itwasnot a usual one, ,nd would never have occurredtotheuncultureddisciples.True. Our Lord "spike in parables," but always in one; suited to the connprehension of the most unlettered of his Jewish hearers—and, with one or two ex. ceptions, those who satbefore Him belonged to that illiterate class. Ilad they understood the solemn utterance in aliteral sense when it was art intended, Our Lord would. according to Ilis wont, ha

veadded other words and ex

pressions, giving aclue to the figurativecharacterof Hispronouncement.

Thus, there is no parallel whatever between "This is\Iy Bocly' and such statements as,"fam the Door—the Vine—the Way." if the conditions under which these otherexpressions were used be taken into account. Besides, grammatical parallelism is also wanting. Hence theCatholicChurch,while understanding these other phrases figuratively without the faintest hesitation, has, from the beginning, t

tin• hesitatingly accepted the words of Institutionin absoluteliteralness.She believes, and has ever believed. with the

The

simple faith of children, that at those tremendous words, and by amiracleof Divine potter, Christ substituted His very Body and Blood in the place of the natural substances of bread and twine.

Shealsoteaches,andhasever taught, that whenever those Divine words are pronounced at Mass by her ordained priests, in obedience to, and in memoryofHim, that which makes bread to bebreadandwine to be wine land not any other material substances) ceases thereandthen to be present,andgives place to the substance ofChrist's Body and Blood, though the outward senr blance of bread and wine is still mail tained by Divine power as areal, and notillusive,objecttoourvarioussenses.

This belief in the Real and Substantial Presence of Our Lord in the lit charist is as old as Christianity itself. And this fact is not to be disposed of by calling attention—as nomCatholics often do—to the historic fact that it was not till the Middle Ages that the Church adopted from her theological schools the terns"Transubstantiation.' merely as a convenient philosophic name wherewith to label—trot to initiate—her faith in the wondrous change effected in the Eucharist.

THE HOLYEUCHARIST.

Institution Foreshadowed.

Speaking of the impression which Our Lord's institutional words would have-madeupon the mindsof listeners, Isaid that the assembled Apostles wouldnothavebeenpreparedtounderstand the statement, "This is lily Body," in afigurative or metaphorical sense. in the absence of any guidance to thanetfect on Our Lord's part.

But this is putting things far too mildly. One ought rather tosay that these disciples had been distinctly prepared for accepting the statement in all its literal marvellousnessby the express teaching of their Divine Master, as recorded in the sixth chapter of St. John'sGospel.

OurLord'saction at the LastSupper wasbut-the fulfilmentofwhat Ile had already foreshadowed in their hearing to the multitudes who had shipped across the Sea of Galilee to Caphar. naum in quest of Him, after His first miraculous multiplication of the loaves andfishesforfeedingthefive thousand.

To this wonderfuldiscourse,which Our Lordaddressed to thecrowdthat flick rd around Him, we will new turn(,or attention.

in this discourse upon "the bread of life,'' Our Lord begins by urging upon Ilis audience the duty of feeding spiritually upon Him. byfaith in Him —faith in Iii ,

Diving mission, and hence in whatever lie should teach them. .\nd well might Ile first insist upon the necessity of astrong,unquestioning faith as an indikpensable preparation foraccepting on Hisword the stupendous mystery Ile was about to announce to them' Not without reason does the Church in her venerable liturgy of Bch- Mass speak of the Eu charist as par excellence"the mvstery

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of faith." Christ, then, in the first instance discoursed upon faith.

But no one who thoughtfully reads terse 51,and the verses following can fail to notice that the Divine Teacher has now,

adanced from the subject of faith to an entirely new point of doctrine, the preceding verses, 48-50, appearing to supply the transition from one point to the other.

Perhaps nowhere do thepagesofthe Nenv Testament present us with adiscourse of Our Lord more perfectlycon. nected than the present one. There seems, moreover, to be none developed upon aplan more easily intelligible to amodern frequenter of sermons.

For, analysing the discourse, one might say that the Divine Preacher here delivers asermon taking for His text,"1tun the Bread of Life," and then proceeding to develop that text in two distinct but closely connected points. Inthe first portionof Hisdiscourse, Ile teaches the necessity of aspiritual and mental. feeding upon Himself—the Heavenly Bread—by faith, without making the faintest atunion toIlia Body and Blood in the second portion lie urges the obligation of areal and literal reception of Ilis Body and Blood for the nourishment of the Chri-tian soul unto eternallife.

Thewaysinwhich IleexpressesIlimself in the one part and in the other are entirely different. In thefirst, we have:"Iinnthe Bread oflife. Ilethat cometh to lie shall not hunger, and he that believeth in Me shall not thirst." But in the second part metaphor is graduallyahandmned, and Ile declares. "I am the living Bread which came down from Heaven. If any man eat of this Brearl, he shall live for ever. And the Bread that Iwill give is My flesh,forthelifeof the world," It isabundantly clear, too, that the lays,\\he heard Our Lord, themselves perceived the difference hetween the drift mf thefirstand that of thesecond part of Ili, address. When, in the former, Ile had rdeclnred it to he the Father's will that whoever "seeth the Son and believeth in Him may have everlasting life," the Jew's murmured against theclaim put forth toaDivine mission, throwing in Ili s face

the known obscurity of Hisworldlystatus: "is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? ilow• then saith Ile.Icame down from Heaven?' lint when Jesusalters His expressionsandstates that"ifantman eat of this bread;' immediately explaining that it consisted of

' my flesh' forthelifeoftheworld' thewholecharacter of the murmuring changes. Now it is:"How can this man give us His flesh to eat?" It is the practical impossibility—as it seemed to them—of actually partaking of His true Flesh and Blood that they feel. There can be no doubt, then, as to the murmuring audience being well aware, in the second stage of Christ's sermon, that it was no longer aquestion of ametaphorical reception of th?s Bread of Life by means of faith, but of areal eating and reception within the indivi. dual.

Now, if this literal interpretation by the Tews had been simply amistake— and hence, by its very nature, amost serious one—we should expect to find Our Lord disahu!sing the objectors of theirstupidblunder. DoesIleexplain awaytheliteralforce ofHiswords? No, Ile does precisely the contrary. Ile insistsupon it ttith aredoubled force. Ile emphasises it in the most solemn and impressive terms:",Amen, amen,I say unto you, except ye eat the Flesh of the Son of'Man, and drink His Blood,you shall not have life in you." Again ,

"Ile thateatethMyFlesh and drinkethMyBloodhatheverlastinglife. And again:"\iv Fleshis meat indeed,and My Bloodisdrinkindeed." :\nd again: "Ile that eatethMyFlesh and drinketh My Blood abideth in Me and iin him," "And vet again, combiningbothpoints of Iii- discourse: "As the living Father hath sent Me, and ilive ht• the Father: so he that eateth Me, the same also shall live by

Me." Our Lord then concludes harkingback—asanordinarypreacheroften does—to Hisoriginal text: "Thisisthe ,Bread that came down from Heaven. Notasyourfathersdideatmanna,and are dead. lie that eateth this Bread shall live forever."

Thisreiterationof His positive state ment, without ashadow of retraction oramendment, is the only answer Our Lord gives to the second murmuring of the Jews.

What was the result of it all? St. John tells us:"Many of His own disciples now began to murmur also, saying: This saying is hard, and who can bear it" (Not, then, without need had Jesus begun with a lesson uponfaith.) But it

worseevil nowfol. iuwv(l:"\lany of Ilis disciples went back, and walkedno more withHim," The melancholy pathos of the appeal which this defection on the part of some of His own followers now drew from.Our Lord reveals the disappointment and grief of His tender Heart: "Jesus said to the twelve: Will you also go away?" That appeal went straight to the loyal heart of Simon Peter, who,asusual answering for the apostolic band, exclaimed with loving enthusiasm: "Lord, to whom shall we go? Thou halt the words of eternal life. And we have believed and have known that Thou art the Christ the Son of God." Abold profession of faith which, whenrepeated later in the neighbourhood ofCaesareaPhilippi,ob. tained for the spokesman of the Appstles the Princedom of the Apostolate and thepossessionoftheheavenlykeys.

Now,inorderthebettertoappreciate the doctrinal significance of OurLord's dealings with themultitudeon the prevent occasion,let usforgetourCatholic faith foronemoment,andsuppose that Christ did not intend to create the impression of literalness which His forcible and repeated language produced upon the Jews, and which, every one must admit, it was eminently calculat• ed to produce.

Taking this(false) assumption, let as consider the crisis brought about by Our Lord's words and conduct,and reduce it to its inevitable, but quite intolerable, consequences.

in this scandalising of the crowd,we should have—under our supposition110 mere instance of that mystery, so harassing to some minds, the Divine permissionofmoral evil in the world, the non-intervention of God in evils proceeding from man's ill-use of his

(Continued on Back Cover.)

The Catholic Answer

(Continued from. Page3.) sary toclearupalldoubtsinthemind: of the faithful and give an official till. ing on the matter. This has been avery "papal"' session, and regrettably, though perhaps not unnaturally,three of thegreyspots have been chosen out of the hundreds of Popes who were ashining credit to the claim.; and duties of the Papacy.

What do you think is the attitude of theaverageCatholic to these andother similar historical disputes? A very consoling one and at the same time, I think, avery reasonabe one. Every Catholic is convinced that the Church teaches infallibly thedoctrineofChrist. Of this he isconvinced because of the promises and words of Christ. Let then the historians pursue their interesting but often inconclusive enquiries into the doings or savings of this person or that. The Church teachesthat the Pope isinfallible, so there must be some adequate explanation for the alleged dubious conduct of such persons a- Liberius ilonorius or Hadrian. 1 am not saying this attitude would lie of anv practical benefit to non-Catholics,unlessthey believed in the author. ity of theChurch,but then we are not non-Catholics.

The question about the Sacrifice of the Mass willhave to he held overfor another session,

—Solemn Observance in St.Mar. 's

Sy

Rich Symbolism of Rites and Music

PALMSUNDAY.

Thesolemnceremoniesof Holy were Week duly observed in St. Marys Ca-

thedral, the functions being attended by the largest congregations for some years.

Those sacredday'sstand outfrom all the rest of the year in their departure from the liturgical norm and their rites unlike anything we are accustomed to see in church. In the liturgy the whole fortnight from Palm Sunday to Low Sunday is considered as one event. Although the character of those two weeksisasdifferentascould be—Holy Week, the'saddest week of the year, and the Easter Octave the most joyful—they belong together, for rthe Resurrection is just as much part of our Redemption as the Passion and Death of Christ.

So, on PalmSunday, with the chant of the Hosannas, we seemed to enter another world. The Archbishop and procession of clergy enter the Cathedral tothelovelystrainsofPalestrina's "Ecce Sacerdos Magnus." The blessing of the palms takes place in aceremony strangelylike aMass with all it's elements up to the Canon. One is aware that one is participating in a ceremony as old as the Church, dating back probably to Apostolic times.

Owingtouncertainweatherthis year the procession of the palms wa's somewhat modified, but evenso the liturgy brought powerfully to the mind the picture of amighty victor thundering atthe doors of the city."Liftup your gates, ye princes, and be ye lifted up, eternal gates, that the King of Glory may come in." The lovely clear voices of the boys of the Cathedral Choir echoed the welcome of the Jewish children which alternated with the "Gloria, lasts et honor"—

one of the finest elegiac chants of the Church.

The only other special feature of Palm Sunday is the singing of the Passion according to St. Matthew. Although this is very long, tedium is avoided by dividing the narrative among three priests. One sings the narrative in arecitative chant, one all that is spoken by anyone other than Our Lord in ahigh tenor voice, while Our Lord's 'words are sung in aslow bass voice. The effect of the Passion Gospelwasheightenedthis year by the choir singing the answers of thecrowd. Thiswas especiallyso where the rabble cry out for Barrabas, and again, "Crucify Him! Crucify Iiim!"

HOLY THURSDAY.

The ceremonies of Holy Thursday present two conflicting notes. The \lass is afestal one with white vestments and the inclusion of the Gloria. The office on the other hand is all jmournful. The institution of the Eu charist is uppermost in our minds in the morning, while the evening is oppressive with the memory of the betraval of Judas—

the theme of that treacherous kiss recurring constantly in the office.

After Mass the Blessed Sacrament was carried in procession to the Altar of Repose, and all through the night rvigil waskept about it. And, indeed , on this night of all nights, when Our Lord avas suffering His hitter torment. it is natural that the faithful should spend part of the time with Him in prayer, honouring the Giftofthat day.

TEACHINGCORNET,THEORY AND WIND INSTRUMENTS.

DONALD A. RUDEFORTH

STUDIO: YEATES CHAMBERS, 3;i BARRACK STREET, PERTH, 27 LANGIiAAI ST.,NEDLANDS.

Telephone: W\12235.

Vespers followed' and the altars were stripped. And'then it is with the bare sanctuary; the sanctuary lampextinguished, and the veiled statues, that the least instructed person entering aCatholic church must become aware that some awful doom is impending.

GOOD FRIDAY,

There is surely no other moment in the year when the Church succeeds in producing the right impression so perfectly as she does in the service of Good Friday, morning. The very strangeness of the rites, utterly unlike any others, gives us at once the feeling that this is aday different from any other day. T)uat little procession comingto the altarin dead'silence, the prostration before the altar, then the lessons, the series of •

collects with their strangechant, all this produces asense of desolation, of mourning, such as no other service in the year approaches. To-daythe most ignorant observer can see that the Church mourns because her Lord is dead. Then comes the worship of the cross, so full of meaning to-day, and the one gleam of light in the dark service, as we bring the Sanctissimum back Ao the altar, singing that superb hymn of the triumph ofthecross. The gleam oflight fades again; there follows the strange little Communion service that we call Mass of the Presanctified, then Vespers; again the altar is stripped, and now all the church is indeed desolate, waiting in gloom for the first light of the Easter sun next day. The wonderful thing about;this service, expressing so perfectly the feeling of the day, is that it has all come together quite naturally. There was hardlyany conscious symbolism in it at the beginning. Each element can be explained as the obvious thing to do under the circumstances. It is the association of longcenturies that hasfilled it with m y

stic meaning.

Astriking feature of Good Friday is thatithaspreserved whatwasoncean elementofevery Mass—aseriesof petitionsforallkinds ofpeople. Wepray fortheChurch and its rulers; forheretics, schismatics and pagans, for the conversion of the Jews.

Then follows what our fathers called the"creeping to the cross." The veiled cross, sign and instrument of our m Redeption, is gradually uncovered the people take the opVortunity of paying it symbolic reverence, directed really to Him Who hung uponit. During this ceremony the Reproaches (to Palestrina's music) were sung, and more poignant and beautiful poetry the Church does not possess.The cerenumwender) with the veneration ofthe relicofthe true Cross.

HOLY SATURDAY.

The long service,longest of any that isusuallyseen initCatholicchurch,has live main parts: 1, The new fire and paschal candle; 2. The Prophecies; 3. The blessink of the font and baptism: 1The Litanies; 5, The first Easter Mass, The service begins, outside the church doors,.with the striking of the new fire and its blessing. The main purposeofthe fire litoutside thedoors on Holy Saturday morning is that from it the great paschal candle may be lighter). This paschal candle is a safe instance of pure symbolism, not merely to give light during the night vigil, but, from the beginning, asymhol of the glory of Our Lord at his Resurrection,ofHimas thelightofthe world.

'The prayers at the blessing of the fire are an admirable example of the ideas theChurch reads into these symholicceremonies. In all casesthebest explanation of our ceremonies is to read

the prayers which accompany them. With every possible solemnity the blessing of the paschal candle follows. Everyone standing, the deacon begins thatmagnificarrt chant, the"Exsultet."

Perhaps nowhere in our rite have we so splendid an example of'emotional poetry as this. Its music too,'first heraldof the Easter joy, is unequalled. Competent musicians have described this as the most. beautiful plainsong melody of all. The "Exsultet," strikingly unlike our usual liturgical texts, is full of emotion about Spring, the bees, and even about the deacon who sings it. It is certainly very old; we can trace it from the fourth century. While it is sung the great cantle is lighted, and then the lamps in the church. So we have back our fights, brought from the first Easter fire and hallowed by all this ritual. Then follow those twelve long prophecies which, to many people, are the wearisome part of the Holy Saturday office.

The blessing of the font follows. It is to be noted that what is blessed is really the water of the font. We have noblessing forafont asanornamentof achurch. Itseemsnot to be considered as athing apart at all; it sharestheblessingofthewatersit contains. The new water is blessed with as much solemnity as the new fire.So, in the Paschal vigil, we have asolemn blessing of these two fundamental elements of life, both suggesting, besides the ideas of Easter, also Spring that brings bock new life afterWinter.

Th procession goesback to the altar. The last remnant of Lent follows the Litanies. The prostration before the altar, like that of Good Friday, was also oncethe common ceremonyat the beginningof Mass. As thepriest,deacon and sub-deacon lie prostrate be. fore the altar and the clauses of the Litany are chanted, the last edge of the greatLent cloud rolls away. For fortydays theChurch hasbeenpreparing for what will follow now. Liturgically, we have arrived at the end of the night watch; in the East alreadv the firstlightof the grey dawn breaks, soon it will be sunrise the rise of the Easter sun. Towardsthe end of the Litany they prepare the altar for \lass, for afestal Mass indeed—it will be the first Mass of Easter. The priest and his ministersgoouttovest. :1s the Litanyendsthey come back in white. At the intoningof the Gloria Lent ends, and it is Easter. As soon as it is intoned, the bells are rung, the organ, so long silent, peals out; from nowonthere isnothingbut joy. The

Cathedral;

Mass is very short after the long vigil service. It has many curious special features. After the epistle, solenWy the"Alleluia," solongsilent,isbrought back. From now on, all though Paschaltide, itseemsasif the Churchcan. not have enough of this word. Then, during the Mass, we have the short Vespers of Holy Saturday. This is, of course, the last case of Lenten Ves. pers, said in the morning, as on the twoformerdays. But theVespersare all joyful,andfull of Alleluia. Again, as the deacon dismisses the people, he sings:"Itemissaest, alleluia,alleluia." So the long vigil is over; it is Easter.

4

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WellEstablishedRuralGroupstoIntroduce"Services"

Charity Must Integrate the Green Revolution

Religion asaSocial Force will Solve Social

Problems

"TheServices"intheN.C.R.M.areall those material,works which the movement hopesto inaugurate'for the good ofpeople ontheland."CreditUnions;" "Co-operative Insurance," "Mothercraft;'"Farm Account Books," "Home Industries,""Regional Development"

These material services are not the real stuff of Catholic Action, and it would be agreat mistake to confuse them with the apostolate, which is a spiritual work. Yet atthesame time while not being the end in Catholic Action they are ameans, aeery important meads, 9n the transformation of apagan society to aChristian way of life. The main aim ofCatholic Actionisnottochange the economicand socialconditions but toeffect achange in souls, yet since so many souls are the victims of rotten social and economic conditions that are an obstacle to the Christian life, these economic and socialconditionsbecome theconcernof Catholic \ctionists.

'these services can only do good when they are the outcome of areal apostolic spirit generated in the Rural Group. Therefore they are not to be begun until the Rural Group is well established. however whenthegroup is established well. it would he wrong to delay introducing the services.

Write ttor your copy of the following booklets:

The Farm Account Book."

"Co-Operation."

"Credit Unions."

"Around the Fireside" (entertainment for the home).

"Catholic Action for Rural Women." THEREGIONALGROUP.

In every large country townagroup of lav apostles will be called the Regional Group. Their interest will be to develop "Regionalism." The esKence of Regionalism is to improve the cultural and social life of country towns. The first thing sought should be to have atown library. as good as anv city library. Then a technical school. This regional group will he a greathelpto the RuralGroupsinforming their"Credit Unions" and "Cooperative Insurance," for in it will be men of business training and experience.

tiThe books suggested for their study are:

"The EarthOurMother." By B.A. Santamaria. 10/6.

"The T.V.A."(aPenguin edition on the Tennesse Valley Authority scheme of regional development). 2/--, "ExitAustralia."

Note: All books mentioned are at present available at the office of the Catholic Rural Movement, Sl St. George's Terrace.

"The Earth Our Mother" (published January, 1945) containsadirect answer to Professor Wadham, who in his report to the Commonwealth Government on Rural Reconstruction advis= ed against large-scalesettlementon the land, and favoured less and less farmers with bigger and bigger farms.

No one can read this book and m main unconvinced that Professor Warl. ham's view is wrong ethically-

and economically.

Other sections of the hook deal with "Rural Finance, "The Self-Contained Farm;" "Regionalism."

Booklets for the running of aRural Group:

"The RuralGroup inthe Parish."

"The Flight fromtheLand."

"The Rural Manifesto."

"TheGeneral Programmefor Men."

"TheFirst Programme forMen."

"TheGeneral Programme forWomen."

"TheSecond Programme forWomen."

"The First Programme for Women."

"And there remain Faith,Hope and Charity,thesethree,and the greatest oftheseisCharity."—I.Cor., XII.,13.

Charity- is the gospel of Catholic Action. The ordinary Christian is unaware of the full meaning of the doctrine of Charity. Far too manv think it is some form of almsgiving to the poor. They do not considerthat it is the essence of religion, that it enters into daily- lifefrom morning till night.

Charity is sonecessary that no other good words, no virtues, nor forms of piety are of any use without it. It is the hallmark of Christianity; and the virtue by which we are interested in the welfare of our fellowmen, not in a humanitarian sense, but because he is baptised in the Blood of Christ,

Aman who is smug and self-centred anddoesnotwanttobebotheredabout others is about as far from Christianity as it is possible to be. Pagan philosophers extol other virtues, but Christ alone considers all these things useless where Charity is absent—"And if Ishould have Faith so that Icould move mountains and not have Charity Iam nothing."(I.Cor., XIII., 2.)

Many Catholics are affected by the two prevailing philosophies that war against Charity—Individuaism and Socialism. They are the two extremes that destroy Christian charity. Individualism as areligious system came in withLuther andCalvin, who taught thateverymanishisownpopeandthe judge of his moral standard's. This is theteachingwhichmadeusurypossible, and the multi-millionaires turn-toit to justifytheirexploitationoftheirfellowmen. Ineconomicsthissystemiscalled Liberalism—liberty from restraint in moral matters, liberty to make a fortune at anvone's expense, providing the civil law is observed. Liberalism's greatestenemyis thelawof Christ, the law of Charity..

Socialism is the world's reaction after400 vears of individualism to the opposite extreme. In its effort to crush exploitation, Socialism would d(-ny tnrc and just liberty, For So. cialismcannotstopat controlofmoney and production; it must go on to destroyprivateownership,tocontrolfamily life and leisure, and even aman's very thoughts. It is so full oferrors and evils that we may use St. Paul's words: "We are fighting not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers of the world of darkness," i.e., against the spiritual forces ofevil.

Whereas the individualist(Liberalist or Capitalist) uses his fellowman for his own wealth, and the Socialist uses n-an for the wealth of the State; the Christian regards man notasmere producerof goodsoracog in the machine of progress, but as something of more value than the State or the wealth of theworld. Foranypoorsinfulhuman beingis atempleofthe holyGhost,an in-

mcrtal spirit in the image of God, andworthy intheeyes ofChrist to die for. Christian Charitv is what makes its unintelligible to the world. Those who talk wealth and progress consider Charity as folly,just as the Charity of the Cross was considered folly to the Jews, and apuzzle to the pagans.

As Christians we have noprivate religioos life alone; we are part ofaliving thing, made up of all Christians, justasthelimbsofatreearepartof it, and because they live on the same sap are part of one another. Christ said, "I am the Vine, you are the branches. 1he hranch cannot bearfruit unless it alldoin the Vine."(Jn. XV,,4.)

The man who says,"Ido not mix religion with business."if he means that charity hasno part in hisbusiness.life, does not know- what religion means. Or when he says "My religious life my privateaffair,"makesthesamemistakeof thinking that religion is amatter of saying prayers and going to church on Sunday.

Wedo notgo to Mass tosanctify our ownsouls alone. In the Masswe pray for others too. Nowhere in the Mass will you find the word "I," but always "We" or "Our" and "Us," and as we kneel side by side we learn the great lesson that religion is asocial thing. notsomething privateandpersonal. All distinctions, social and moral. disappear; all prejudices vanish; and we glimpse something of what St. Paul meant when he said,"Ilice now no longer 1, but Christ lives in me."

ThisCharity Calls Us To(Action.

As we realise that religion is not alone amatter of shunning evil, and thatitrequiresanactiveinterestin the welfareofothers,we willwanttoknow what Charity calls on us to do. Thecrisis forsoulsto-dayisthe flight ofpeoplefrom the land tothecity, for on the land alone almostcan hefound that security and independence that is necessary for the family welfare. In oldCatholic times land was considered theonly real wealth and farmers were

considered more important than bank. ers or merchants, and the land rwas considered as asacred trust, adivine bounty upon which generation upon generation depended, not as something to be exploitedforpassinggain.

To induce peopletogoontheland in Australia there has to be arevolution of ideas. This revolution is outlined in the policiesof the Rural Movement that affect every side of country life. This revolution is necessary and it is possible; it may take along time to bring it about,but the Church officially and universally assures u, that it is there ourdutylies. Thisrevolution is toaffectthepresentsocial religiousand economic status of life in the country. We have afull programme of work to do, and it is awork for God and for souls.

Do not you he disheartened because you may seem so few for such abig task as you have before you., Do not say we are too weak and too few to alter the course of events. Remember that when the Roman Empire disintegrated it was ahandful of Chris. tiansthat builtuponitsruinsChristi

an 11 Europe. Those Christians were few and weak St. Paul says so:"You see ­our vocatio" 1,•` not many or the worldlywise,notmanyof the powerful,notmanyofthenoblearecalled." It is not wealth, power, nor numbers that we-need but the Spirit of God. When Nicodemus was told of the Rebirth, of the new order to come, he said,"How can these things be?" And Christ answered him and said: "The SpiritbreathethwhereIlewill,and you will hear Hisvoice."

Take your work in hand with courage. It is the work of God. "God wills it," said St. Bernard in preach. ing the Crusades, and for many years those words alone were enough to stir men and women withenthusiasm. Unlike the Crusaders, you are not asked to risk your life, but when your wort: is difficult you might well make their battle ery your motto: "God wills it."

It was the enthusiasm of afew men thatmade theBlackRevolution inGer. many and the Red Revolution in Russia: Thev•were not theworks ofGod. and they have rocked the world in hatred and hloodshed and death, so they are destined finally to fail. But •-our Revolution is the Green Revolution and its banners hears the colour that stands in the Liturgy as it(toes in nature for hope and for life.

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PerhapsthechieftaskoftheCatholic thinkers and writers of our times rests inavaliantefforttoreasserttherights and rule of reason over emotionalism runmad. Wehavegrownused tothe phrase,"Theflight from reason;" but I doubt if many of us realise how far the process hasdeveloped. Oneisapt to beregardedas awild-eyedlunatic if one suggests that the popularmusic of the day (apart from the dreadful extremities of jive, boogey-woogey, etc.) has less intellectual merit than smokingcigarettes andquite asmuch moral danger (in the senseof spiritual"soltening-up") asTrueRomancemagazines.

It is hard to convince people of these truths,because musicis adi9i ultmatter to deal with in words and every . body is firmly convinced that the whole thing is subjective.

But accompanying the modern intellectual decay is apronounced decline

4

FRANCIS G ILBERT

nthe sensitivity of the sense; Pre sumably thisiswhatMr.T. S..

Eliot re (erredto inhis celebrated line: -

'Living and partly living." One of the best examples of this is to hehad from the same set of people who pooh-pooh any suggestion that modern music(,an and does corrupt morals. For they blithelysingthe"lyrics" ofthemodernmusic ,without everadverting tothe fie' that many of them express the gro,•est immorality. It is surely amost significantsymptom that the moat popular Eong produced by the war—"Lilli Marlene"—should be about a prostitute who plies her trade outside military barracks iscampfollower we used delicately say). Yet not one person in a 'hundred has adverted to the fact or they might he smitten about the delicacv of extolling street women in suburban drawingrooms.

Idon't know why it should be so difficult for the average journalist to write rationally about Eire But the factis there If anyone were to write in the same tone about ,

the cases of Turkey, Spain and Portugal,. Of the latter two we find occasional sneers, but apparently ifacountry's religion is non-Catholic or nonChristian no further explanation is necessary.

Mr.Atkinsonisunderthestrangedelusion that Eire remains neutral be cause of Irish resentment of the English land taxes of the early 19th, century. Thatis aview which muststir at once the humour of the Celt and memories of ageneration ago when Ireland knew at first-hand what barbarism was. NIr. Atkinon is very up. set about the land taxation the Irish have to pay. About that Ican't speak with authority, but I'm willing to grant that is it apurely domestic affair for the Irish themselves to settle as they see best. Mr. Atkinson's real resentment is that the taxes are paid to aGovernment "run by the SpanishAmerican, Eamon de Valera." From aBritisher this gibe has a curious ring. Idon'tdoubtthat Mr.Atkinson iwould be fairly incensed by any lighting reference to the racial admixture of the present Royal Family, or to Churchill's American connections. Surely ourjournalist'shouldremember how the Glorious Revolution gave Britain aDutch King, to be followed by the Ilanovers. Ile could scarcely dissent from the caustic cleri hewononememberof thatIlouse:

"George the Third Ought never to have occurred. One can only wonder At so grotesque ablunder."

\1r. Atkinson very conveniently for. gets Disraeli, the Duke of Wellington, LloydGeorge,andahost ofotherleadersofEngland who were not marked. ly English. Mr. Atkinson moves on to the question of unemployment, as if it were ape c

standards. It is not motley as such which restricts popuation; but the selfishness andmoral softness arising out of asurfeitof wealth.

It is precisely this moral factor -which our experts consistently refuse toface. Anditisunhappily truethat what was once an eccentricity of the rich has spread more and more among the masses. So that we have to-day the few actually rich and the multitude rich in desire. Where such conditions prevail i'ttis certain that people who will not have babies for love will nothavethem formoney.

The rise of the birth-rate during the war years can be construed in avery misleading manner. For the fear_ of death and theobsessionofsexhave alwaysgone handin hand. Andindeed thisphenomenon seemts tomilitate sev erely againstthe theory thatrsocial security alone will stem the 'tide, for wartime is pre-eminently a period of-

finsecurity. Iam, moreover, inclined to agree with Dr. Gentilli that fear of the future is not amajor factor in the restriction of births. Not becauseofspeculationsastoiwhatAus-

tralia's economic future may be like, but simply because we, as -

a nation, have not developed aprofound social sense and nobody appears to care a tinker's curse for posterity.

In this sense the problem is rather one of an aggregation of individuals ratherthan of thecommunity. Apoint which emphasises the basic moral issue. APerth gynaecologist recently pointed out that one interpretation of the rise in the birth-rate was the in. accessability of contraceptive devices. This is asad commentary on the problem as awhole, but it lends great weight to Sir Ralph Cilento''scontention that we are at the crisis of our history. And it is acurious crisis in that, if we fail, posterity shall not judge us—or at lea'st our own posterity..

WELCOME TO (APRIL.

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say, Switzerand, there would beacropof protests. But for some reason Eire has come to be accepted as fair game. A recent article by Basil Atkinson in our morning contemporary is acase in point. \Ir. Atkinson went over to Eire to discover why it was always in the news ml ahoto have some steak and eggs , le waspuzzled why Eire isso unmoved, unworried and unmolested by a war against barbarism. Nowit seems to me that in aglobalwar \Ir. Atkinson might more reasonably have gone oSwitzerland to find out how it kept out of the news and, incidentally, of 1011 se to have some curds and whey. Nolxndv has vet explained to me why he Swiss are so unmoved, unworried and unmolested,. Surely they ought obe able to recognise barbarism as readily as the Irish„ There are also

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uliarly Irish phenomenon. In . deed he lays the twhole blame for it to the door of their affairs being"mud. dley and mismanaged until they are now in ahopeless tangle." it should of course be noted that unemployment was auniversal scourge in the world except where the unemployed were ab• sorbed into large standing armies, as in Italy and Germany. And. secondly, to exchange unemployment for active participation in war seems to me avery doubtful choice, it is alittle early for its to be smug about having banished the spectre of unemployment.

Well,',Ir. Atkinson found other things as well, rationing, black markets, e

spionage activities, censorship , fuel shortages. Ile found afew good things too—Dublin-brewed stout, no street-walkers, no women in hotels, few divorces. But the picture as a whole is so familiar to every nation under the sun at the moment that it harrll-

seemed worth writing of as an „

enignna."

n wages, housing, and home help would arrest the decline of the birth. rate. That, of course, is true in the sense that political measuresalone will not avail. The wealthier classes are notorious for their small families. But this does not provide an argument against higher and more secure living AMattress for aLifetime "'SURE,,

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PERTH. WEDNESDAY, APRIL -4. 19-45.

PeaceorPieces?

The serenity and sleep interior joy of the faster season gives way to aworld rent not only by scar but by the most cynical and secretive political skull-duggery. It is not. of coarse, unexpected. For the tnen who consented to the published decisions of the Yalta Conference were not of that type of rarelled hero \yhich the press had led us toexpect. They were uten notprimarily concerned with justice nor honesty nor sincerity, but purely tyith the "realist" view of how little Russia would be ready to accept. Churchill madefurious but futile efforts to coyer upthelossofhonour involved. Roosevelt was charmingly offhand in his admissionof compromise. Russia saidnothing, for Russiahad won and was already devising means and methods of getting some more out of Allies who would sacrifice to the limitof theirown safety.

•

It now appears that the Crimea Conference was ahighly clandestine affair. if the "New York Herald Tribune" knows anything, it transpires that Stalin will eventually demand sixteen rotes—roe for each of the "abtononunts" Russian Republics —

in the security organisation, that this deniand was made privately after the Conference, and that it was concealed even from the American Secretary of State until Alarch 21. if this he true, and its probability is hart) to doubt. it makes one ponder furiously where the new appeasemept is going to end. The Soviet already demands acote for its puppet government in Poland, and judl;ing from the trays its armies have stopped at the Oder River in favour ,if sealing off the Balkans to the south, we may soon expect more Lublin- in Rumania, Hungary. Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, etc. It certainly seems that if and when Russia goes to San Francisco she will paint the town Red.

The farce that Russia can he trusted is about played out. Russia is interested, not in collective security nor world peace, but in Russian domination and Russian self-interest. The prestige which the might of her amts has justly won for her is already evaporating in the field of political judgment. So blatant and obvious atravesty ofjustice was Yalta that even the local Contntunists have been thrown on the defensive. Their hoarse, staccatovoiced radio pedagogue is thrown into afury of explanation and denunciation. But no torrent of words can conceal the gross betrayal ofthefifth partitionof Poland, and Russia's more recent "diplomacy" tyi!1 not tend to quieten the anxieties of honest nten. Air. Stalin is cock of of the \calk and that is the thing that matters in power politics. The reallynauseous reflection is that it was the Communists who asked where Chamberlain was going to stop afterMunich.

His Grace the Archbishop announces the appointment of Rey. Andrew Weston Valentine Parish Priestof Bridge. town, to the position of full time Diocesan Director of the Pontifical(fission Aid Societies.

Father Valentine'studied at Propaganda College, Rome, and Collegio Rrignole-Sale,Genoa and wasordained in 1937. On his arrival in the Archdiocese he ryas appointed assistant at St. Brigid's, West Perth. In 1942 he was appointed Parish Priest of Bridgetown. The new Diocesan Director will take up his dutie'sin the near future at the CatholicMissions Office,recently trans ferred from Victoria Square to National Mutual Buildings,81 St.George's Terrace.

HolyFather'sThanks forPeter'sPence

HisGrace the Archbishop has received the following letter from the Seeretariate ofState of His Holiness: Your Grace,-

It affords me much pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of -

the generous offerings of Peter's Pence in the amounts of 9601 13 lid and f865 16s lid, for the years 1913 and 1944, respectively-, from the Archdiocese of Perth, which you forwarded through the kindnessof the Apostolic Delegate. Owing to war-time difficulties in postal communications, these offerings only recently reached the Vatican, hence the delay in replying.

At the gracious command of the Holy Father, Inow hasten to convey to your Grace the expression of His paternal gratitude for these filial donationsand His appreciation of the unalterable sentiments of loyalty and devotion which animated His beloved children in distant Australia to come to iris assistance in such bountiful measure. This evidence of truly Catholic piety is particularly gratifying to the Holy Father in these times of >uch constant sorrow and anxiety for Hissuffering children in so many wartorn countries. The Catholics of Australia have in these years certainly maintained their best traditions for cooperation and generous participation in the Pontiff's ceaselessefforts to alleviateand relieve thesad lot of thevic. tins of the war, and their fraternal charity has greatly consoled and sustained ilim.

While thanking Your Grace and the generousdonors, the Holy Father bids me assure you that, though 'so far away, you are all ever present to His grateful paternal heart, andas atoken of His benevolent solicitude, Ile most cordially imparts to Your Grace, your priests and people, IIis special Apostolic Benediction.

Very gladly do Iavail of this occasion to renew toYourGrace the sentiments of my high esteem and consid ; eration, and with kind personal regards —Iremain. yours very devotedlyinChrist, J. R. MONTINI

SubstituteSecretary,

ARCHBI$HOP'3ENGAGEMENTS.

,f Z „

April8(Low Sunday)—

StMary'sCathedral,8a.m.,Celebrate \fads on the occasion of the Annual General Communion of the Newman Society.

April15—

Bless the extensions to Joseph's School, Albany.

April 29—

Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church, Queen's Park,

May6—

Official opening of Marian Lodge, Kalamunda.

News has been received through Vatican Radioof the ordination to the Priesthood of Rev. Ernest Rogers. The ceremony took place in the Chapel of Propaganda College, Rome, on Passion It Sunday, March 18, Father Rogers, who is the eldest son of Mr. W. R. Rogers(Deputy Master) and Mrs. Rogers, of the Royal Mint Perth, was ordained for service in the Archdiocese of Perth.

Catholic Broadcasts

The Catholic Answer:

Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Stations 6PR any: 6Tl.

ANNUAL MAY PROCESSION

SOUTH PERTH,MAY 6th.

On Sunday, May 6, the first Sunday in May, the annual May Procession will take place at 3p.m. The occasional sermon will be preached by the Rey, Father F. O'Connor, of East Victoria Park. The cadets!from Aquinas College will form the guard of honour. Parochial sodalities of the Children of Mary are cordially incited to participate.

BUS SERVICE TOCLONTARF ,AND CASTLEDARE.

Visitors to Clontarf and Castledare Orphanages are notified that the Riverton Bus Service has opened aspecial bus service to the above institutions every Sunday. The bus will start from St. George's Terrace, Perth (opp. Government Gardens) at 1.45 p.m. each Sunday, and Rill return to Perth about 5p.m., or earlier if suitable to passengers. Theserviceis on trial for acertain period, and if warranted the proprietors will make it a permanent one.

QUARANT' ORE

APRELSunday: 2nd.—MIDLAND JUNCTION:

Forty Hours' Prayer (6th-Sth.).

9rd: -PALMYRA: One Day of Ex• position.

dth.—HELLERBERRIN: One Day of Exposition.

"THE BELLS OF ST.MARY'&"

Leo McCarey has just finished his script for his new picture, entitled "The Bells of St. Mary's:" It is going to star Ingrid Bergman. Bing Crosby will continue to be -Father O'Malley, and Ingrid Bergman will be Sister Bernard. Thescriptisaknock. out.and the picture isgoing to do for the nuns what "Going Jiy way" did forthe padres. Leohas alight touch which will enable the nuns for the first time to be pictured on the screen as human beings.

unscru •ulous. PoliCiesIn-spire p _

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Christian'Nature

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Preacher Points to Easter as Feast of the Oppressed

PontificalHigh Masswas offered in St.Mary'sCathedral at 11 a.m. cn Easter Sunday,the Archbishop being the celebrant. Very Rev. E. Kennedy,Adm., was assistant priest,Rev, J.McGillicuddy deacon, and

• Rev, H,Brennan sub-deacon.Deacons at the thronewere Rev, 11:. Lalor and P.Donnelly. Rev ,

Father Lalor preached the occasional sermon as follows:—

In the week that haspassedwe have react and pondered over the fot;r vivid account extant of the most dramatic trial of all time• Simply to read the laconic records ofthe Passionof Christ thathavebeenpreservedforusistobe appalled by the unprincipled conduct of anation's leaders in the greatest crisisofthatnation'shistory. Andtoday we celebrate the triumph of truth and justice over all the sophistry and cynicismand the tissue of lies that accompanied the most monstrous miscarriage of justice in theannalsofhuman history.

For whenChrist rose from the dead TruthrosetriumphantwithHim. When Christ rose from the dead He gave men the pledge they had looked for from.thefratricide ofCain in the very beginning—the pledge that in the end, through thepower of the Blessed Trinity, justice to all men and to all peo. ples will prevail, must prevail. Since the first Easter morning long ago, truth and justice have been the warp and woof of the Christian ethic upon .which our Western civilisation is founded. To deny or to misrepresent the truth, to perpetrate oreven to toleratewithoutprotestthemiscarriageof justice is to deny and to crucify once more in His members ...Christ Himself. When God was on earth as aman amongst us He submitted to the hide. ous butchering of acrucifixion by His creatures rather than betray the principles of truth arid justice which in. spiredanddictatedHiseverywordand action—whatevertheconsequences.Yet Ile knew, of course, and we who believe in Him know, that through the blood aril sweat and tears of His Pas sionandofoursthereshinestheradiant vision of an Easter morn. One day we tooshallrise radiantand transfigur. ed from the dead, and in that promise alone has life itself any meaning. 11 Christ had not risen from the dead we nvould have no ground for hope—in anything: we just wouldn't believe in justice—between men or between nations: we would see no point in truth, no answerto Pilate's query.ButChrist did risefrom thedead, He provedthat truth is eternal and inescapable, Ile provedonceand forall thatultimately justice will triumph over expediency.

Ile had been done to death, He bad beentorturedasnomanbeforeorsince has ever been tortured, because, in the words of Caiphas, His judge, "it was expedient for them that one man shoulddie for the people, and that the whole nation should perish not."

Truth and justice meant nothing to the governing powersof Jewry and of Rome, but these two principles for which Christ stood were completely vindicated when His barbaric death was eclipsed by the most staggering event mankind has ever known—when Ile rosefrom the dead,asIle had promisedtodo.

And by His Resurrection Christ not only confounded thecold cynicism and the utter disregard of truth and principles in those who judged Him, but Ile furnished us, as Ihave said, with the pledge of final triumph, whichever since has been our ground for hope when we too, as individuals or as nations are the victimsof injustice or untruth.

Mygoodpeople,howprevalentinout own age in this cynicism of Caiphas and his sickening righteousness—the easy grace with which we too appease our conscience with that same excuse, "It is expedient:" Expediency the very essence of amodern ideology like Communism; but the very antithesis of Christianity. The unscrupulous policy that Lenin preached: that Christ abhorred.

And yet, even as Ispeak, the cryof Caiphas echoes through the Press of Allied nations, echoes through the organs of propaganda—echoes hollowly and unconvincingly. Once again the cry of Caiphas spells the doom of an innocent victim:"It is expedient for you that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation should perishnot" .... Itis expedient for you that one nation should die for Europe, and that the comity of Europeperishnot....

"It is expedient" that Christ in a Christian nation should be crucified again. "It is expedient" for us, we are told, that truth and justice be waived in the judgment we have passed on avery gallant, courageous Ally —the Republic of Poland. And I instance the betrayal of Poland be. cause if the man in the street canjustify his joint public responsibility for the travesty of justice that was the Crimea settlement, then have we' reason to hope that his future conduct in private or in public life shall be guided by any other principle than expediency? Ithink not.

Polandhasbecome asymbol—in the life of nations and in the life of in. dividuals. Not that the case of Poland standsalone, but it has furnished the precedent bym-hich many another will he judged, and popular reaction isindicativeofjust to what extentwe are or are not prepared to waive the Christian ethic in our dealings with our fellowman, indicative of just to what extent we are prepared to forget th•.t in condoning injustice to our neighbour we are sinning against Christ Himself. And it matters little that ourneighbour be not British, but Polish or Lithuanian, or of any other nationality. It matters little who makes decisions, if they are made in ournameand ifweendorse them.

When expediency has become anation's lodestar, well might her leaders wince before the accusing finger ofthe Risen Christ, as He says to them, as He said to the ruling caste of ancient Jewry: Ye blind, and leaders of,

the blind... .

For a unp

policy of expediency is not onlyrincipled, not only adenial of theChrist weclaim to follow, but it is so foolish. Inevitably it must recoil on the headsof those who so plead in justification of what they,

must know in their heart of hearts to be unjust. Foolish because it undermines all trust —between nations and between men.

To what pass have we come in the Western world, we(whose way of life, whose very civilisation was cradled in the glory that was Christendom, that we should pay but lip-service to the Christian principlesfor which weclaim to fight—for true freedom and justice for all. and for which so many decent folk of all nationshave suffered tothe

very limits of human endurance in these'years of carnage and destruction.

And if the Christian ethic means so little to us in this twentieth century, whetherinour individualdealings with one another or in the relations be. tlween sovereign States, is it not because Christ Himself, His own crucifixionf

and His triumphant Resurrection from the dead, have lost all significancefor-theindividual and for the modern state?

To those of us who still believe in truth and justice in spite of power politics, to those who still feel deeply their powerlessless to avert the doing of awrong or to help in its undoing, to those who are themselves the victims of injustice but who still believe in Christ, through the shadows of their passion shines the vision of aResurrection that has been promised them. Their hope in the ultimate triumph of truth and justice is rooted in their faith in the Risen Christ, tfor if He were not risen there woud be no ground for hope.

So it is that in the anniversary that we celebrate to-day, the little people of the world find the in'spiration to struggle on, tofight on, here against a brutal foreign domination, there against the frustration of social injustice, and everywhere against the exploitation and the wronging of man by his fellow man. To-day is the

great feast of the oppressed of all nations; it is the feast of thosewho hunger and thirst after justice, comforted as they are in the knowledge of God's determination that in the day of reckoning justice will prevail—for the nations, as such in this world when Christ shall come again; and for you andmeand ourneighbour,in ourrisen life when all mankind shall rise from thedead.

With theSon of God transfigured let ussalute today the little people of all nations, and let us salute above all thoseheroes drawn from their ranks fwho have suffered and died on thebattlefields of the world and in the air and in the sea, offering their passion with the Passion of Christ, that justiceandtruth and freedom may not perish from the earth. With Him they have laid down their lives; with Him they most certainly will rise again. Their passion, too, thank God, has been eclipsed in victory. Their faith, and the hope that it engendered, is now for them the glorious reality of Life-in-Christ. May that same faith and hope sustain us too, inspire ourconductbetweenmanandman, be, tween nation and nation, that truth and justice may be acknowledged in our day in the circle of the family, in thegovernmentoftheState,andinthe society of nations ... through Christ OurLord. Amen.

FirstAustralianBenedictine PriestOrdained

New NorciaCelebratesHistoricOccasion

On Thursday, March 22. the Most Rev. Dr. A. J.Gummer, BishopofGeraldton, conferred the Order of Diaconate upon Dom Basil Noseda,• O.S.B., and theOrderofPriesthooduponDom Michael Cave,(O.S.B. This was aday of special importance and rejoicing to the Benedictine Community, as Father Cave isthe firstAustralian Benedictine Priest. After one hundred years of arduous pioneering work the Benedictine Fathers now cherish hopes of see. ing aband of young Australian Bene• dictines to fill their ranks and carry on the grand traditions of the past.

Dom Michael Cave joined the Benedictine Order eight years ago. After those long years of prayer, training and study, to the edification of his Community, he now sees his life-long hopesfulfilled.

The following were present in the Sanctuary forthe imposition of hands:

Very Rev. Father B. Gallagher, P.P.. Father R. Hynes, Father J. Cameron, 1'., Father Benedict, O.S.B., Father Placid, O.S.B., Father Philip, O.S.B., and the BenedictineCommunity.

Father Michael's Cave's mother was also present, and had the great joy of witnessing the elevation of her son to the sublimedignityof the Priesthood.

His Lordship, Dr.Gummer , was the guest of the Lord Abbot andwas present at dinner with the Community.

On Friday,March23 Father Michael Cave celebrated his first Solemn High Mass. Dom Basil, O.S.B.. and Father Joseph, O.S.B., were deacon and'sub• deacon, respectively, and Father Paul wasmasterofceremonies.

Mrs. Cave waspresent in the church and had the unspeakable consolation ofwitnessing her son offer for the first time the divine Sacrifice of the Mass.

Thechurchwasfilledwith parishioners and the pupils of the colleges and theorphanages. Rev.FatherCameron preached the occasionalsermon, which was most appropriate and inspiring.

The solemn ceremony of Ordination, said the preacher, leaves an eternal gift, apriest of God. The Bishop's pronouncement is irrevocable: Thou artapriestforever. Apriestwiththe

powertoofferSacrifice andtobe ame. diator between God and us, His creatures. Apriest withthe power to absolve from sin. A priest taken from amongmenandordainedformeninthe things that appertain toGod. -

Welistened to the Bishop's words: "Receive the power to offer sacrifice to God, to celebrateMassesbothforthelivingand the dead, in the name of the Lord." "Receive ye the Holy Ghost: whose sins ye shall forgive they are forgiven them: whose sins ye shall retain they are retained."

At his first Mass he begins to exer• cise his priestly gifts which will benefit innumerable souls. The very pur. poseof his priesthoodis the welfareof the souls of other men. Through his handsthesupernaturalmeans provided byJesusChristandplacedinthebosom of the Church are distributed to men. By so doing he continues the work of the Redemption.

The Priest receives the grand and nobletitleofFather. The title iswarrantedbyhiswhole life, which isspent in helping, guiding, teaching, feeding, healing, watching over, working and making intercession for souls.

The Priest is the spiritual Father of his people, because he represents, acts for, and is identified with Jesus Christ, because he is the accredited ambassador of Christ, the appointed dispenser of the mysteries ofGod and God'scoadjutor: because he holds in his own person and uses thepowerand authority ofChrist(Himself. There is nothing on this earth which can in any way approach the great power and dignity of theCatholic Priesthood. This power and dignity do not arise from any per. sonal ability or holiness, but, as St. Paul says: "Our sufficiency is from God."

The preacher then insisted on the fact that thenewly ordained Priest enjoyedthe great honourand privilegeof being the first Australian Benedictine Priest. It was agrand augury of the future,and hisordinationwas afitting prelude to the celebration of the cen. tenary of Benedictine Monastic life in

(Continued on Page 12.)

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Preacher Points to Easter as Feast of the Oppressed

Pontifical High Mass was offered in St. Mary'sCathedral at 11 a.m. c.n Easter Sunday,the Archbishop being the celebrant. Very Rev. E. Kennedy, Adm., was assistant priest, l,tv. J. M:Gillieuddy (lea-on, and Rev, H.Brennan sub-deacon.Deacons at the thronewere Rev. II. Lalor and P. Donnelly. lev, Father Lalor preached the occasional sermon as follows:—

In the week that haspassedterLard read and pondered over the fo,i vivid account extant of the most dramatic vial of all time, :imply to react the laconic records of the Passionof Christ thathavebeen preserved foritsistobe appalled by the unprincipled conduct of anation's leaders in the greatest crisisof that nation'shistory. Andto(lay we celebrate the triumph of truth and justice over all the sophistry and cynicism and the tissue of lies that ac• comp:vuied the most monstrous ruisearriage ofjustice in the annalsof human history.

For when Christ rose from the dead TruthrosetriumphantwithHim. When Christ rose from the (lead lie gave n:en the pledge they had looked for from the fratricide of Cain in the very beginning—the pledge that in the end, through the power of the Blessed Trinity, justice to all men and to all peoples will prevail, must prevail. Since the first Easter morning long ago, troll and justice bare been the warp and woof of the Christian ethic upon ,which our Western civilisation is founded. To deny or to misrepresent the truth, to perpetrate oreven to toleratewithout protest themiscarriageof justice

is to deny and to crucify once more in His members ...Christ Himself.

\Cho God was on earth as aman amongst us Ile submitted to the hide• ous butchering of acrucifixion by IIis (mature. rather than betrav the principles of truth aril justice which in. spiredanddictated Iliseverywordand action—whatever theconsequences.Yet Ile knew, of course, and we who believe in IIim know, that through the blood ail sweat and tears of His Pas lionandofoursthereshinestheradiant vision of an Easter morn. One day we tooshall rise radiantand transfigured from the dead, and in that promise alone has life itself any meaning. if Christ had not risen from the dead we ,would have no ground for hope—in anything; we just wouldn't believe in justice—between men or between nations; we would see no point in truth, no answer to Pilate's query. ButChrist did risefrom the(lead. Heproved that truth is eternal and inescapable. Ile provedonceand forall that ultimately justice will triumph over expediency, Ile had been done to death, He had beentorturedasnomanbeforeorsince has ever been tortured, because, in the words of Caiphas, His judge, "it was expedient for them that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation should perish not."

Truth and justice meant nothing to the governing powers of J

ewry and of Rome, but these two principles for which Christ stood were completely vindicated when His barbaric death was eclipsed by the most staggering event mankind has everknown—when Ilerosefrom the dead, asHe had pro. miredtodo.

And by Ifis Resurrection Christ not onlyconfounded the coldcynicism and the utter disregard of truth and prin• ciples in those who judged IIim, but lie furnished it ,

;. as Ihave said, with the pledge of final triumph,whichever since has been our ground for hope when we too, as individuals or as nations are the victimsof injustice or untruth.

yl•goodpeople,howprevalentinour own age in this cymcrsuu of Caiphas and his sickening righteousness—the easy grace with which we too appease our conscience with that same excuse, "it is expedient." Expediency! the eery essence of amodern ideology like Communism; but the very antithesis of Christianity. The unscrupulous policy that Lenin preacher]. that Christ abhorred.

.till vet, even as Ispeak, the cry of Caiphas echoes through the Press of Allied nations, echoes through the or. gins of propaganda—echoes hollowly and unconvincingly. Once again the cry of Caiphas spells the doom of an innocent victim: "It is expedient for you that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation should perishnot" .... Itisexpedient for you that one nation should die for Europe, and that the comity of Europeperish not..,

"It is expedient" that Christ in a Christian nation should be crucified again. "It is expedient" for us, we are told, that truth and justice be waived in the judgment we have passed on avery gallant, courageous Ally —the Republic of Poland. And I instance the betrayal of Poland because if the man in the street can ius. tify his joint public responsibility for the travesty of justice that was the Grimea settlement, then have we reason to hope that his future conduct in private or in public life shall be guided by any other principle than expediency? Ithink not.

Poland has become it symbol—in the life of nations and in the life of in . diyiduals. \ot that the case of Poland stands alone, but it has furnished the precedent by which many another will be judged, and popular reaction is indicative ofjust to what extentwe are or are not prepared to waive the Christian ethic in our dealings with our fellowman, indicative of just to what extent we are prepared to forget 11,it i❑ condoning injustice to our neighbour we are sinning against Christ Himself. And it matters little that our neighbour he not British, but Polish or Lithuanian, or of any other nationality. it matters little who makes decisions, if they are made in ourname and ifweendorse them.

When expediency has become anation's lodestar, well might her leaders wince before the accusing finger ofthe Risen Christ, as He says to them, as Ile said to the ruling caste of ancient Jewry; Ye blind, and leaders of* the blind.

For apolicy of expediency is not only unprincipled, not only adenial of theChrist we claim to follow, but it is so foolish. Inevitably it must recoil on the headsof those who soplead in iustitication of what they must know in their heart of hearts to be unjust. Foolish because it undermines all trust —between nations and between men.

To what pass have we come in the Western world, werwhose way of life, whose very civilisation was cradled in the glory that was Christendom, that we should pay but lip-service to the Christian principlesfor which we claim to fight—for true freedom and justice for all. and for which so many decent folk of all nationshave suffered tothe

carsof carnage and destruction.

very limits of human endurance in these .,

And if the Christian ethic means so little to us in this twentieth century, wheth rinour individualdealings with one another or in the relations be• thveen sovereign States, is it not because Christ Himself, His own crucifixion, and His triumphant Resurrection from the dead, have lost all sig• nificance forthe individual and for fit ,

,modern state?

To those of us who still believe in truth and justice in'spite of power politics, to those who still feel deeply their powerlessless to avert the doing of awrong or to help in its undoing, to those who are themselves the victims of injustice but who still believe in Chemist. lirough the shadowsof their passion shines the vision of aResurrection that has been promised them. Their hope in the ultimate triumph of truth and justice is rooted in their faith in the Risen Christ, for if He were not risen there woud be no ground for hope.

So it is that in the anniversary that we celebrate to-day, the little people of the world find the inspiration to struggle on, tofight on, here against a brutal foreign domination, there against the frustration of social injustice, and everywhere against the exploitation and the wronging of man by big fellow man. To-day is the

great feast of the oppressed of all nations; it is the feast of thosewho hunger and thirst after justice, comforted as they are in the knowledge of God's determination that in the day of reckoning justice will prevail—for the nations, as such in this world when Christ shall come again; and for you andme and ourneighbour,in our risen life when all mankind shall rise from the dead.

With the Son of God transfigured let us salute today the little people of all nations, and let us salute above all those heroes drawn from their ranks lwho have suffered and died on the battlefields of the world and in the air and in the sea, offering their passion

with the Passion of Christ, that justice and truth and freedom may not perish from the earth. With Him they have laid down their lives; with Him they most certainly will rise again. Their passion, too. thank God, has been eclipsed in victory. Their faith, and the hope that it engendered, is now,

for them the glorious reality of Life-in-Christ. \lac that same faith and hope sustain us too, inspire ourconduct betweenmanandman, between nation and nation that truth and justice map be acknowledged in our day in the circle of the family, in the governmentoftheState,andinthe society of nations through Christ Our Lord. Amen.

First Australian Benedictine Priest Ordained

NewNorciaCelebrates HistoricOccasion

On Thursday, March 22, the Ilo'st Kev. Dr. A. J. Gummer, Bishop ofGetaldton, conferred the Order of Diaconate upon Dom Basil \oseda, O.S.B., andthe Orderof Priesthood uponDorn Michael Cave, O.S.B. This was aday of special importance and rejoicing to the Benedictine Community, as Father Pave isthefirst Australian Benedictine Priest. After one hundred _years of arduous pioneering work the Bcnedictine Fathers now cherish hopes of seeing aband of young Australian Bene• dictines to fill their ranks and carry on the grand traditions of the past.

Dom Michael Cave joined the Benedictine Order eight years ago. After those long years of prayer, training and study, to the edification of his Community, he now sees his life-long hopesfulfilled.

The following were present in the Sanctuary for the imposition of hands:

Very Rev. Father B. Gallagher, P.P.. Father R. Hynes, Father J. Cameron.

'I'.. Father Benedict, O.S.R., Father Placid, O.S.B., Father Philip, O.S.B., andthe Benedictine Community.

Father.1lichael's Cave's mother was also present, and had the great joy of witnessing the elevation of her son to the sublime dignity of the Priesthood.

His Lordship, Dr. Gummer was the guest of the Lord abbot and was pre• sent at dinner with the Community.

On Friday,March 23, Father \lichael Cave celebrated his first Solemn High Jfass. Dom Basil, O.S.B.. and Father Joseph, O.S.B., were deacon and'subdeacon, respectively, and Father Paul wasmasterof ceremonies.

hirs. Cave was present in the church and had the unspeakable consolation of witnessing her son offer for the first time the divine Sacrifice of the Mass.

Thechurchwasfilled with parishioners and the pupils of the colleges and theorphanages, Rev. FatherCameron preached the occasional sermon, which was most appropriate and inspiring.

The solemn ceremony of Ordination, said the preacher, leaves an eternal gift. apriest of God The Bishop's pronouncement is irrevocable: Thou artapriestforever. Apriestwiththe

power toofferSacrificeandtobe amediator between God and us, Ibis creatures. Apriest withthe power to absolve from sin. Apriest taken from amongmenandordainedforriseninthe things that appertain toGod. We listened to the Bishop's words: "Receive the power to offer sacrifice to God to celebrate Massesbothforthelivingand the dear(, in the name of the Lord.' "Receive ye the Holy Ghost: whose sins ye shall forgive they are forgiven them; whose sins ye shall retain they are retained."

At his first Mass he begins to exer• cise his priestly gifts which will benefit innumerable souls. The very purpose of his priesthoodis the welfare of the souls of other tnen. Through his hands thesupernatural meansprovided byJesusChristandplacedinthebosom of the Church are distributed to men. By so doing he continues the work of the Redemption.

The Priest receives the grand and noble titleof Father. The title is warrantedbyhiswholelife, which is spent in helping, guiding, teaching, feeding, healing, watching over, working and making intercession for souls.

The Priest is the spiritual Father of his people, because he represents, acts for, and is identifier] with Jesus Christ. because he is the accredited ambassador of Christ, the appointed dispenser of the mysteries of God and God's coadjutor, because he holds in his own person and uses thepower and authority ofChrist Himself. There is nothing on this earth which can in any way approach the great power and dignity of the Catholic Priesthood. This power and dignitydo not arise from any personal ability or holiness, but, as St. Paul says: "Our sufficiency is from God."

The preacher then insisted on the fact that the newlyordained Priest enjoyed the great honourand privilegeof being the first Australian Benedictine Priest. it was agrand augury of the future, and hisordinationwas afitting prelude to the celebration of the centenary of Benedictine Monastic life in (Continued on Page 12.)

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Headquarters and Club

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES.

MONDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. to 6.30 p.m.

Liturgy:8p.m.

TUESDAY:

Physical Culture: 7.8 p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY: Shorthand: 5.15 p.m, to 6.30 p.m. Dressmaking: 7p.m.

Arts and Crafts: 8p.m.

Red Cross, E.S.C.: 8p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS: 8a.m.

EXPOSITION all day.

BENEDICTION: 5.15p.m. Choir: 8p.m.

RRIDAY: Softball pracise: 5.15 p.m., on the Esplanade.

SATURDAY: Kalamunda Busy Bee: 1.15bus. Tennis at Robertson Park: 2p.m.

SUNDAY: Tenisat RobertsonPark: 2p.m.

•

SCAVENGERHUNT.

As our last scavengerhunt was such asuccess, we have decided to hold anotheronTuesday;April10.Thistime it is going to be even better than the last, as we have learnt afew things from experience. There will be amplesupperthistime! Toprovide a little variety, iwe hit upon the idea of holding the evening in adifferent locality, and have been able to secure the Iighgate ParishHall forthe night. To get to the hall catch an 18 or 19 tram from Barrackstreet to Harold. street, then walk straight up the hill past the Sacred Heart Convent, and thereyouare-we hope! Ifyou can't follow these verycleardirections come along to the rooms at aquarter to eight, where acrowd of us will be meeting. Time permitting, we hope to have ahalf-hour orsoof dancingin the hall to finish off the night-which, incidentally, will cast you Is.

CANTEEN.

C.G.M.-F.A.L.: April9, 1945.

L.B.4.-Y.A.L.: April 18, 1945: May 13, 1945.

LUNCHCLUB.

Soonitwill be toowetto go wanderingaround during the lunch hour windown shopping, so don't forget that youcan havetourlunchinthe Rooms, where youwill meetlotsof othermemhers. Tea is provided at 2d. per cup.

SINGERS WANTED.

Choir isnow workingenthusiastically on the programme for the Sixth Concert Season in May. Once again we will be featuredwith the Orchestra do• ing two numhers. Alot ofhard work isbeing put into these numbers,but if the choir is to he an even greater sue. cess than last year, still more singers areneeded. So,remember,girls, choir prartice everyThursday night, without Bail.

MARIANARTS GUILD.

As stated in this column last week, theMarianArtsGuildtwill hold its first meeting in the Mc\ess Ilall, Pier. street, on Friday, April 13, at 8p.m. An invitation is extended to all members and friends, so take advantage of theseeveningseverymonth toobtain a better understandingof Art.

FORTNIGHTLYDANCES.

Our lflll dancing season opens at Cathedral Hall on Thursday. April 12. Dancing will be from 8to 11.30 p.m., and we promise you agood orchestra. lotsof novelties,and surprises, tool So don't miss the fun. Admission 2s., payable atdoor. Asthesedances will be fortnightly, be sure and keep every second Thursday free and become a regular patron.

(Continued foot of next column.)

The next monthly meeting will be held in the Parish Hall on Thursday, April 12 at 8p.m. All members in. terested in Prisoners of War Appeal Bridge Partyareurgedtoattend.

Fremantle Branch

Rooms2,4, and7,ImperialChambers, 45 MARKET ST., FREMANTLE. Telephone 1,1988.

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES.

MONDAY: 5-9.30 p.m.: Homecrafts. 7.30p.m:9,30p.m.: Dressmaking.

TUESDAY: 7--8 p.m.: Choir.

WEDNESDAY:

5.30--7 p.m.: Softball. 8--10.30 p.m.: Canteen-Social.

THURSDAY:

7.30-9 p.m.: Cooking. 8--9p.m.: Dramatics.

SATURDAY: 2.30-5 p.m.: Softball.

SUNDAY: 10.30-12 a.m.: Swimming. 0

PICNICHIRE.

On Sunday, April 29, we are having ahike to Araluen, so don't forget to keeo thatdatefree,girls. Comealong and join in the fun and help to make this agreat success. A Metro bus leaves Fremantle at 10a.m. to connect with theArmadale busfromPerth.

PMCTD'RENIGHT.

Youallknowaboutthepicturenight we are having at North Fremantle on Monday April 16,sodon'tforgettobe there with all yourfamily and friends. Tickets can be obtained at the rooms. Would all you girls who have tickets out please remember that the money •andticketsnotsoldmustbehandedin by Wednesday, April 11.

HOMECRAFTS.

Thiswas one ofourvery first activities, and is still proving very popular. As you know, the girls have started on paper mache work, and all find it most interesting. This work is very useful, and we are sure there are alot more of you girls who would like to take it on. So come along to the room's next Monday night. Shirley Higgins is in charge, and will show youhow and make you feel athome.

CANTEEN.

This activity is held in St. Patrick's Hall, Parry-street, every Wednesday night. Each week the girls in charge arrange somethingdifferent in theway of entertainment,and so ensure avery enjoyable evening for all. Supper is an added attraction, and we can re.

EightyPer Cent.ofthe Population... Are Afflicted with Some Form of Spinal Defect, that is the cause of so much Nervousness, Indigestion, Ilead. ache, Rheumatism, Mental Weakness, and other grave and dangerous Diseases.

CATHOLIC TENNIS ASSOCIATION

TNTERAGHOOLcobeETTITON ,

The Leedenills grasscourts,were the venue for this year'scontest between the pupils of the Christian Brothers' Colleges, On Holy Thursday, after attending Mass at their various churches, the champions of the different schools assembled and from 10 a.m. till 5p.m. engaged in anon-stop programme, -thoroughly enjoyed not only by themselves but also by the large

numberof their teachersassembled for thisannual contest. The IIighgate representatives were successful in each of the three sections, losing only one out of the 1S matches they played. However most of the games were well fought out and much promising talent revealed, which'will be further developed when theseboysjoin upwith the various Catholic tennis clubs of the metropolitan area. The-teams were:'

Highgate: B. Tobin (captain )

, J. Anders, C. O'Brien, J. Davidson. L. Stubber, K, Gunn, L. Finnegan, I. Skipworth, T. Waldron.

Leederville: K. Blythe (captain), R. hebhard, N. \IcGhie, 13\[urdoch, B. Williams, A. Crofts, A. Limana, J. Walsh.

r

Perth: K, Kelly (captain), V. Mur . phy, J. Pierce, J. Smythe,J. Lambe, J. Hughes, K. Quaine.

RED CROQS TOURNAMENT.

The All Schools' Tennis Tournament, in air) of the Red Cross, held at Kitchner Park recently, was well supported by pupils of our Catholic colleges, whichsupplierl about 50ofthe300taking part. The pupils of the Sacred Heart High School, IIighgate, had a particularl• large contingent taking part, and were successful in thefollowinggirls'eevnts:

Open Singles: M. Earle.

Open Doubles: AI. Earle and P. Colleran, Under 15Singles:\r.Barnes.

Under 13 Singles: J

.Earle.

Others todo well, reachingeitherthe finalsor semi-finals, were B. Tobin, I. Skipworth and L. Fennegan (Christian Brothers, Highgate), T.Bahen (Loreto, Claremont), R. Hall iSt. Toseph's, Fre. mantle), and R. Gilchrist (Sacred Ifcart, Highgate).

The tournament realisedfbi0for the Red Cross Funds.

Lord Abbot's Colden Jubilee

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50Years of Monastic Life .

On Saturday,March24, His Lordship

Most Reverend A. Catalan, O.S.B., AbIrot Nullius of New Norcia, celebrated his golden jubilee of Monastic Profession. APontificalHigh Mass wascelebrated by His Lordship in thanksgiving to Almighty God for all the blessing received during the past 50 years as aBenedictine. His Lordship, in avery appropriate sermon explained the reason of the celebrations. He said that fifty years ago he took his religious vows in the celebrated Benedictine Abbey of Mont. serrat,Spain, thus consecrating himself to God as aBenedictine. The greater part ofhis fifty years as aBenedictine had been spent in New Norcia. Now that he felt that he was advancing in years, he wished to thank God for the innumerable blessings already receiver), and asked the people of the diocese to pray that God might grant him every assistance during the years he might be spared, so that when the day came he might receive the crown prepared for thosewho were faithful to the end,

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Our Catholic Schools and Colleges

Loreto Convent "Osborne" — Claremont

BOARDINGAND DAYCOLLEGE.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducation on modem lines in all branches of study. The pupils are prepared forallexaminations. TheSchoolis beautifully iituated between Ocean and River, in extensive grounds, with fine playing fields and private SwimmingPoolin River. Telephone:F2135. Apply— MOTHER SUPERIOR.

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Metropolitan

Pingelly Handicap (1): Stayer, 1; 'Melting Pot, 2: Silver Rice, 3.

After Pontifical High Mass the Benedictine Community and the represen. tativesoftheMarist andChristianBrothers congratulated His Lordship on the GoldenJubileeofhisMonastic Pro. fession. TheLordAbbotmadeashort but touching response. Hearty congratulations to His Lordship on the occasion ofhisGolden Jubilee of Monastic•Profession.

Living With the Church

April8—LowSunday (White):

Massproper. 2nd, prayer for pence, Creed. Preface ofEaster.

April9—TheIAnunciation (White): Massproper. 2nd. prayer for peace, Creed. Prefaceofthe BlessedVirgin.

April 10—Feria (White):

Massofthe Sunday. Gloria. 2nd, prayer "Concede nos." 3rd. prayer for the Church or Pope. 4th. prayer for peace, Preface of Easter.

April 11—St.Leo I., Pope, Confessor, andDoctor(White):

Mass proper. 2nd. prayer forpeace. Creed. Preface of Easter.

April12—Feria (White)

Massof the Sunday. Gloria. 2nd. prayer"Concede nos." 3rd.prayer for the Church or Pope. 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Easter.

April 13—St.Hermenegild, Martyr (Red):

Mass proper. 2nd. prayer "Concede nos." 3rd. prayer for the Church or Pope. 4th.prayerforpeace. Preface of Easter.

April 14--St. Justin, Martyr (Red):

Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Tiburtiusand Companions. 3rd. prayer for peace. Preface of Easter.

SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL

HIGHGATE — PERTH.

(CONDUCTED BY THE SISTERS NOTRE DAME DES MISSIONS). BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. PUPILS PREPARED ALL EXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORI SCHOOL FOR YOUNGCHILDREN. For Prospectus apply— Thcre: B3810. REV. MOTHER PRIORESS.

ST. ILDEPHONSUS' COLLEGE

NEW NORCIA

CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS, Catholic boys recommended on thescore of character by their Pariah Priest,and ready to commence at least Sixth Standard or arrival, can be now enrolled for commencement in February, 1916. Application should bemade at once. Acceptanceduring1945is nolonger possible. For Particulars Apply to—THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

CHFMTIAN BROTHERS,MT. HENRY.

ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLICSCHOOLS OF W.A.

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FOk BOARDERS AND DAY STUDENTS, BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS. Beautifully Situated,overlooking the river,near the new Canning Bodge. For Particulars apply to—

The Principal,Aquinas Oolleige,CanningParade,Mt.Henry

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Fir

st.,Australian lenedictine Priest" Oitdsined

1

F (Continued from Page 9.) Australia. Few to-day appreciate the magnificent work of the Benedictine Monks in 1

Western Australia, although many amonument-is found aj their zealous and far-fluhg labours from'Al. banyto-,ftfatNorth. Butthegreat. est monumentof all is the Faith shin. ing brightly in many asoul to-daybe. causerplan'ted,•and nourished and brought to the full by the Benedictine Priests. Thoughothers now reap what they have sown, wemust neverbefor. getful ofthe sowers(

.• f i?

FatherCameron then referred to the tragedy ofwarin Spain, and pointed t out how it resulted in no new arrivals ,

to fill the'ranks in the Benedictine '.Monastery. He addressed himself to the boysand youths present, and told them that the time!had come when young Australians must come forward and take up and carry on and extend the grandtraditionofprayer and work begun by St. Benedict, maintained so gloriously throughout 15 centuries.

Father Cave -

hadled theway. Hisor. dination should be abeacon to guide manyyoungAustralians toifollowhim.

Father Cameron exhorted the boys to ask the question: Does God want me?

Andiftheyshouldhear Hiscall toans• weritpromptlyinGod'sname,andgo forward confidently, because Christ's promise to St. Paul was for them also: "illy grace is sufficient for thee."

The preacher then paid a touching tribute to themotherand fatherofthe newly ordained Priest, and said that a Priestdoesnot happen,but ismade in the home at his mother's knee. The good Catholic home is the greatest seminary. Then, after congratulating

Father Cave and his parents and the Benedictine Community, wished him a constant increase in zeal and fervour and along and fruitful apostolate, so thatattheendhemightbeabletoturn to God and exclaim with His Divine Son: "Ihave glorified Thee on earth. Ihave finished the work which Thou gavestmetodo. Andnowglorifyme, OFather,withThyself."

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest for workin Western Australia? Make aregular annual contribution to help an indigent student.

C.B:C, STUDENT V►INNER OF STATE WID9 ESSAY COMPETITION.

Leslie Brennan, recently announced the winner of the Caltex Merchant Naval Es. say Competition (Group 4 best entry in the State; any age). The Competition, sponsored by Caltex, Limited, with the co-operation of the Education Department, and held during the closing months oflast year, wasopen to all school children in the State. Leslie, who collects a's prize a £]0Victory Bond, attended the Christian Pro. thers' College, Perth.

The Vatican paper, "Osservatore Romano," which recently.replied three times to Soviet attacks on the Holy See, denied the latest charge broadcast by lfoscom radio. This was a statement to the effect that the Holy See had hoped to take part in the Yalta Conference.

The "Osservatore" said: "We are authorised todeclarethat the HolySee nevereven remotely thoughtofparticipating in this conference. This is a pure and simple case of calumny:'

It is significant that now, when the peace settlement cannot be very far off, the Soviet press and radio are redoubling their attacks on the Vatican. Theattacksarecouched in terms most strongly calculated to invalidate any claim made on behalf of the Vatican to have any influence on the Peace Conference. This suggests to some that Russian policy is to leave for the conference an open field in which its own big battalions will have the effective say in matters.

WANTED TO BUY:Stoves,Wood, Gas;PlainandOldRoofIron,Coppers. Heaters.Best Prices. RingB6307. 9

4A

1 1

ARF.NTS! If you have daughters ofschoolleavingage,we incite you to write,'phone 116010, 116601. or call perosnalty for these booklets. Our Secretary or Principal would be pleased to interview you at any time.

tO

Wde•r•nihB

„

KALGOORLIE 4

EasterCeremonies.

There was agreat attendance at all theceremoniesofHolyWeek. Avery pleasing feature was the high percentage of the enormous congregations that received holy Communion on Holy Thursday and Easter Sunday.

The singing of the choirs from the three schools at the various ceremonies was most devotional and of ahigh standard.

Xavier Boys'Club.

Five new members joined the club onSundayeveningandentered atonce into the spirited activities. There were alsotwoladsfrom Subiaco L.C.Y. Messrs. Moynahan and Smith, the formerasavisitor. Mr.Smith we believe has been transferred to Kalgoorlie, and has joined the local club. The boys will entertain the young ladies of the Catholic Girls' Club on Sunday, April 15, at asocial in the hall.

CatholicGirls'Cub.

New members are being welcomed weekly. All are looking forward to Wednesday evening,April 11,thenight of the next combined clubs' function, All friends of the girls and boys who are parishioners are invited to attend.

Requiem Mass forC.W.L. Member.

At the request of the members of the Catholic Women's League, Holy )lass was celebrated on Monday morning for the repose of the soul of Mrs, Katherine Ducrow. who died on .larch 2S.

Swimming.

Catholic schools-

'pupils held their own at the Combined 'Goldfields Schools'`:ports Association Swimming Carnival recently.

In the primary school girls' section St. Nlarv's was 2nd. champion school and 3rd. in the meritorious performance award.

DEAT118 44

MA'LZA.—On March w

l8, -

1945, at Perth, Margaret, of 45 Kent-street, Victoria Park, clearly beloved wifeof tlfe late John Mazza, of Daylesford. Victoria, and loving mother of Lewie (deceased), John, Catherine (Mrs. Carozzi) Mary (Mrs. Robinson), Ada (Mrs. Kirkham, deceased), Lena (Mrs. Stone, deceased), Alexander (de. ceased), Amy (Mrs. Peatling), Norman,(decea:sed), Frank, and Harold: aged97years. R.I.P.

MAZZA..--0n March 18, 1945,at Perth, Margaret, of 45 Kent-street, Victoria Park, dearly beloved mother-in-law of Elizabeth, and loving grandma of Verna.

RequiescatinPace.

+ IN

MEMORIAM ►T,

FITZGERALD—Of your charity, pray dor the repose of the soul of Annie 1I., who departed this life on April 9, 1944 dearly loved wife of John, devoted motherofPercy, Fred and Hilda mother-in-law of Elsie Flo and Nally. Gran of Eric and Lesley.

May her soul rest in peace.

Ever remembered by her husband and family.

JAMES.—In sad andlovingmemoryof our dear mother and nanna, died April 9, 1941.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

Ever remembered by Ursula, Pat, Neville, Michael and Pat.

JONES.—In loving memory of my dearhusband, Daniel(Dan),who departed this life on April 7, 1937. Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on his soul.

Ever remembered by his loving wife and friend,Tom Knox.

KINSELLA, John.—In sad and loving memory of our dear husband and father, who departed this life on April 8, 1941.

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on him.

--Inserted by his loving wife and family.

KINSELLA—In lovingmemoryof our dear brother and uncle, who died April 8, 1941.

Sweet Jesus, have mercyonhissoul.

—Inserted by Mick, Molly, and chit. dren.

McOAFFERTY.—In sad and loving memory ofourdearAuntandGrandma, Susan McCafferty, who departed thisrifeonApril 11,1939. R.I.P. QueenoftheMost Holy Rosary,pray for her.

=Inserted by her fond niece and grandchildren, Mary and Margaret Leen.

PENTONY.—Of yourcharity, prayfor thereposeofthesoulofmyverydear friend, Captain Philip Pentony, who died most peacefully at St. Joseph's Morkset, on April 8, 1943.

O, Sacred HeartofJesus,havemercy on his soul.

—Inserted b_v Kathleen Maureen Beavitt.

RUSSE1.1..—In loving memory of Mrs. T.J. Russell, of Kalgoorlie,who (lied April 13, 1941.

Mav her soul rest in peace.

.—Inserted by her loving husband. son and daughters,

M

Bus Re 4

4d 11 l

ess

Portforfy4

12,141^76

The Booklets describe our JUNIOR SECRETARIAL COURSE, which has been designed to cover all the requirements necessary for a girl to obtain the best office appointment. PRACTICAL training is given in our own offices at the completionof theTHEORETICAL work. All subjects are included.

The fee may be paid by easy monthlyinstalments.

We invite your enquiry.

In the same section for boys, Chris. tian Brothers'College wasawarded 3rd. champion school and 2nd. meritorious performance.

In the secondarysection junior boys, C.11C. was 3rd.; meritorious performance, C.B.C., 2nd.; champion swimmer, C.B.C., 3rd.

Senior Boys: C.B.C.. 3rd. champion school, and 2nd. meritorious performance.

Senior Girls: Champion school, St. Michael's 1st.; meritorious performance, St. Michael's. 1st.; St. Marys, 2nd.. Individual champion swimmer: St. Michael's 1st. and 3rd.

One St. Nichael's representative broke three records. All goldfields schools were represented.

WANTED,

housemaid-Waitress, over 45, light duties.Assisit inkitchen one afternoon each week. Apply Christian Brothers' College, St. George's Terrace, Perth.

Younggirlwants Board and Resi. dence with Catholic family; Nedlands or Claremont preferred: moderate charge. Apply "A.R.,"thisoffice.

--...First Australian Benedictine Priest Ordained

(Continued from Page 9.) Australia. Few to-day appreciate the magnificent work of the Benedictine Dlonks in Western Australia, although many amonument is found of their zealous and far-flung labours from Al. banytothefarNorth. Butthegreat. est monument of all is the Faith shin. ing brightly in many asoul to-day because planted and nourished and brought to the full by the Benedictine Priests. Though others now reap what they have sown, we mustnever befor. getful ofthe soweri.

Father Cameron then referred to the tragedy ofwarin Spain, and pointed out how it resulted in no new arrivals to fill the ranks in the Benedictine Monastery. He addressed himself to the boysand youths present, and told them that the time had come when young Australians must come forward and take up and carry on and extend the grandtradition ofprayer and work begun by tit. Benedict, maintained so gloriously throughout 15 centuries.

Father Cave hadled theway. Hisor. dination should be abeacon to guide many young Australians to follow him. Father Cameron exhorted the boys to ask the question: Does God want me? Andiftheyshould hearHiscall toans wer it promptly in Godsname, and go forward confidently, because Christ's promiseto St. Paul was for them also: "\Iv grace is sufficient for thee:'

The preacher then paid a touching tribute to the motherand fatherof the newly ordained Priest, and said that a Priestdoesnot happen,but ismade in the home at his mother's knee. The good Catholic home is the greatest seminary. Then, after congratulating Father Cave and his parents and the Benedictine Community, wished him a constant increase in zeal and fervour and along and fruitful apostolate, so thatattheendhemightbeabletoturn to God and exclaim with His Divine Son: "Ihave glorified Thee on earth. ihave finished the work which Thou gayestmetodo. Andnowglorify me, OFather, withThyself."

Doyouwishto helpeducateapriest for work in Western Australia? Make aregular annual contribution to help an indigent student.

PARENTS' If Voss have (laughters of school leavingage,we incite you to writ,-.'phone B6010, 116561, or call pero.,nall.v for Ihese hooklcts, (bur rccrctary ur Principal w,.uld be plea

-:dto interview you at any time.

'I y4 ; (• C.B.C. STUDrNT WINNE£. OF STATE WIDE ESSAY COMPETITION.

Leslie Brennan, recently announced the winner of the Caltex Merchant Naval Es. say Competition IGroup I best entry in the State; any age). The Competition, sponsored by Caltex, Limited. with the co-operation of the Education Department, and held during the closing months oflast year, wasopen to all school children in the State. Leslie, who collects as prize a £10 Victory Bond. attended the Christian thers' College, Perth.

The Vatican paper, "Osservatore Romano," which recently replied three times to Soviet attacks on the Holy See, denied the latest charge broad• cast by Iloscow radio, This was a statement to the effect that the lloly See had hoped to take part in the Yalta Conference.

The "Osseryatore" said: "We are authorisedtodeclare that the HolySee never evenremotely thoughtofparticipating in this conference. This is a pure and simple case of calumny:"

It is significant that now, when the peace settlement cannot be very far off, the Soviet press and radio are redoubling,

their attacks on the Vatican. The attacksare couched in terms most strongly calculated to invalidate any claim made on behalf of the Vatican to have any influence on the Peace Conference. This suggests to some that Russian policy is to leave for the conference an open field in which its own big battalions will have the effective say in matters.

WANTED TO BUY: Stoves, Wood Gas;PlainandOld RootIron,Coppers. Heaters.Best Prices. RingB6W.

KALGOORLIE 4

Easter Ceremonies.

There was agreat attendance at all theceremonies.of Holy Week. Avery pleasing feature was the high percentage of the enormous congregations that received Holy Communion on holy Thursday and EasterSunday.

The singing of the choirs from the three schools at the various ceremonies= was most devotional and ofahigh standard.

Xavier Boys' Club.

Five new members joined the club onSundayeveningandenteredatonce into the spirited activities. There were also two ladsfrom Subiaco L.C.Y. Messrs. 1loynahan and Smith, the formeras avisitor. Mr.Smith we bebeye has been transferred to Kalgoorlie, and has joined the local club. The boys will entertain the votingladies of the Catholic Girls' Club on Sunday, April 15, at asocial in thehall.

Catholic Girls' Club.

New members are being welcomed weekly. All are looking forward to Wednesday evening, April 11, thenight of the nest combined ,-lulls' function. All iliaAs crf the girls and bays who are parishioners are invited to attend.

Requiem Mass for C,W.L. Member.

At the request of the members of the Catholic Women's League, Holy \lass was celebrated un Monday morning for the repose of the soul of 11rs. Katherine Ducrow. who died on .Mauch 21,.

Swimming.

Catholic schools' pupils held their own at the Combiner) Goldfields `ch ,

ok' .ports Association Swimming Carnival recently.

+ DEATHS ►I+

MAZZA.—On \larch IS, 1915, at Perth, \largaret, of 45 Kent-street, Victoria Park, dearly beloved wife of the late .John Nlazza, of Daylesford, Victoria, and loving mother of Lewie (deceas. edi, John, Catherine(Mrs. Carozzi) \lary I\Irs. Robinson), Ada (hirs. Kirkham, deceased), Lena (\Mrs. Stone, deceased) Alexander (de. ceased), Amy (firs. Peatling), Norman ,(deceased), Frank, and Harold; aged97 years. R.I.P.

MAZZA.—On \[arch 18, 1945, at Perth, Margaret, of 45 Kent-street, Victoria Park, dearly beloved mother-inflate of Elizabeth, and loving grandma of Verna.

Requiescatin Pace.

+ IN MEMORIAM ►I•

FIT%GER:ALD.—Of your charity, pray ;or the repose of the soul of .Annie \I., who departed this life on April 9, 1944 dearly loved wife of John, devoted mother of Percy, Fred and IIilda mother-in-law of Elsie, Flo and Wally, Gran of Eric and Lesley.

May her soul rest in peace.

Ever remembered by her husband and family.

JA\IES.—Insadandlovingmemoryof our dear mother and nanna, died April 9, 1941.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul,

Ever remembered by Ursula, Pat, Neville, Michael and Pat.

JONES.—In loving memory of my dearhusband,Daniel(Dan), whodeparted this life on April 7, 1937. Sacred Heart ofJesus, have mercy on his soul.

Ever remembered by his loving wife and friend,Tom Knox.

KINSELL:A,John.—In sad and loving memory of our dear husband and father, who departed this lire on April 8, 1941.

\lost Sacred Ileart of Jesus, have mercy on him.

—Inserted by his loving wife and family.

KINSELLA.—Inlovingmemoryofour dear brother and uncle, who died April 8, 1941.

Sweet Jesus, have mercy onhis soul.

—Inserted by Hick, Molly, and children.

McCAFFERTY—In sad and loving memory ofourdear AuntandGrandma, Susan N[cCafferty, who departed this lifeoilApril 11,1939. R.I.P. Queenofthe\lostHoly Rosary,pray for her.

—Inserted by her fond niece and grandchildren. Vary and Margaret Leen.

PENTONY.—Of yourcharity, prayfor thereposeofthesoul ofmyverydear friend, Captain Philip Pentony, who died most peacefully at St. Joseph's 1lorissct, on April S. 1913.

O, Sacred heartofJesus,havemercy on his soul.

—

inserted by Kathleen Maureen Beavitt.

tall;

Tra

R 17

• and 8ttsr

hass e hostfor•949.•n4a1 ••

The Booklets describe our JUNIOR SECRETARIAL COURSE. which has been designed to coyer all the requirements necessary for a girl to obtain the best office appointment. PRACTICAL training is given in our own offices at the completionoftheTHEORETICAL work. All subiects are included.

fY:

'rhe fee may he pair( by easy monthlyinstahnents. We invite your enquiry.

in the primary school girls' section :t. Nlarv''s was 2nd. champion school and 3rd in the meritorious perform ante award.

In the.same section for boys, Christian Brothers'College wasawarded 3rd. champion scho,:l and 2nd. meritorious performance.

In the secondary section junior I,

ovs. CB1'. was 3rd; meritorious perform. ante, CB.C., 2nd.; champion swinnner, C.B,C,. 3rd.

Senior Boys: CB.C.. 3rd. champion school, and 2nd. meritorious performance.

Senior Girls: Champion school, St. Michael's 1st.; meritorious performance St. Nlichael's. Lt.; St 11ary's 2nd., individual champion swimmer: St. Michael's lst. and 3rd.

One St. Michael's representative broke three records. ;All goldfields schools were represented

WANTED.

Housemaid-Waitress, over 45, light duties.Assisit in kitchen oneafternoon each week..Apply Christian Brothers' College, St. George's Terrace, Perth.

Younggirlwants Board and Residence with Catholic family; Nedlands or Claremont preferred; moderate charge. Apply "A. R;"thisoffice.

RUSSELL.—in loving memory of Ills. T. IRussell,of Kalgoorlie, whodied April 13, 1941.

\lay her soul rest in pence.

.—Inserted by her loving husband. eon and daughters.

*SALUTE THE BRAVE

DistinguishedVolunteers from Eire-

4Victoria Crosses for -

Major Harold Marcus Ervine-Andrews, East Lancashire Regiment, was awarded the Victoria Cross in July, 1940, one of the first two Army V.C.'s .of the presentwar.

On the night of May 31, 1940, Major Eryine-Andrews and his company held their position along the'Canal de Bergues in front of Dunkirk for over ten hours, in the face of intense artillery, mortar,andmachine-gunfire, and vastly superior enemy forces. He called forvolunteers tofillagaponhisflank, and,going forward,engaged theenemy from the top of astraw-roofed barn withrifleandlightautomaticfire. IIe personally accounted for seventeen of the enemy with hisrifle,and for many morewith aBren gun. When all his amummitionwasexpendedhesentback thewounded,broughtallthatremained of the company safely backand again took upposition. Throughout thisaction Major Ervin-Andrews displayed courage, tenacityanddevotion to duty worthy of thehighest traditions of the British Army and his magnificent example imbued his owntroops with the dauntless fighting spirit which he himself displayed.

Major Ervine-Andrews was born in County Rexford in 1911, and served on the North-Rest Frontierof India in 1936-7. lie was Mentioned in Despatchesandholdsthemedal withclasp for that campaign.

Captain J. J. B. Jackman, Royal Nor

thumberlandFusiliers, wasawarded theVictoria Cross.

At Ed Duda on November 2.i, 1911, CaptainJackmanwasincommandofa machine-gun company of the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers during the tank attack on Ed Duda ridge. As the tanks reached the crest they met intense fire from alarge number of gunsofalltypes. Slowedtohull-down position, the tans settled to beat down enemy fire. Captain Jackman pushed on up the ridge. Seeing that enemy anti-tank guns werefiringonthe flanks of our tanks, also rows of batteries to their front, he got his gums in position and secured the right flank. Then, standing up in his truck, he led his tntcks across the front between our tanks andtheenemyguns to get them into actionon the leftbank. Throughouthecoollydirectedthe guns to their poistionsand indicated targets. Later hewaskilled whilestillinspiring every. onebyhisbearing.

Captain Jackman was born in 191" atDun Laoghaire, Co.Dublin.

Lance-Corporal John Patrick Kensally, Irish Guards, was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry in Tunisia.

TheBou featuredominatesallground east and west between Medjez el Bab andTebourba. Itwasessential to the final assault on Tunis that this feature shouldhe,captured and held.

AGuards Brigadeassaulted and(•nntured aportionof theBou on April27, 1943. The Irish Guards held on to points 212 and 214 oil the western end of the feature, which points the Germans frequently counter-attacked. While afurther attack to capture the complete featurewasbeing prepared,it was essential for the Irish Guards to hold on. They did so. ,r

M1158 Telephones—

the Army

On April 28, 1913, the positions held by one company of the Irish Guards on the ridge, between points, 21'2 and 214 were about to be subjected to an attackby theenemy. Approximately one company of the enemy was seen formingup preparatory to attackrand Lance-Corporal Keneally decided that this was the right moment to attack them himself. Single-handedhecharged down the bare forward slope straight at the main enemy body, firing his Bren gun from the hip as he did so. This outstanding act of gallants- and the dash with which it was executed completely unbalanced the enemycompany, whichbrokeup in disorder.

Lance-Corporal Keneally repeated this remarkable exploit on the morningof April 30, 1943, when, accompaniedby asergeantof the Reconnaissance Corps, he again charged the enemy forming up for an assault. This time he so harassed the enemy. inflicting many casualties, that thisprojected attack was frustrated. The enemy's strength was again about one company. It was only when he was noticed hopping from one fire position to another farther to the left, in order to support another company, carrying his gun in one hand and supporting; himselfon aGuardsmanwiththeother. that it was discovered he had been wounded. Ile refused to give up his Bren gun, claiming that he was the onlyone whounderstoodthatgun, and continued to fightall through that day with great courage, devotion to

(lilt', and disregard for his own safety.

the magnificent gallantry of this N.C.O. on these two occasions, under heavy fire, his unfailing vigilance, and remarkable accuracy were responsible for saying many valuable lives diving thedaysand nightsintheforward posi. tions. His actions also played aeonsidemble part in holding these positions, and this influenced the whole course of thebattle. His rapidappreciation of the situation, his initiative and his extraordinary gallantry in attacking single-handedamassedhodvof the enemy- and breaking up an attack on two occasions, werean achievement that can seldom have been equalled. Isis courage in fightingall dac when wounded was an inspiration to all ranks. He is anative of Tipperary and is22 years of age.

Private Richard Kelliher, Australian \filitary Forces, was awarded the VictoriaCross, Duringan attackby thissoldier'splatoon on an enemy position at Nadzab, \ereGuinea,onthemorningofSeptemher 13, 1913, the platoon came under heavy fire from a concealed enemy machine-gun post approximatxly X) cards away. Fiveofthe platoonwere killer( and three wounded and it was found impossible to advance without further losses.

InthefaceofthesecasualtiesPrivate Kelliher,suddenlyonhisown initiative and without orders, dashed towards thepost and hurled twogrenades at it, killing some of the event%,

lint not all. Noting this, he then returned to his section, seized aBren gun, again dashed forward to within 30 yards of the post,and with accurate fire completely silenced it.

Returning from his already gallant action Private Kelliher next requested permission togoforwardagainand rescue his wounded section leader. This he successfully accomplished, though tinder heavy rifle fire from another position. Private Kelliher, by- these actions, acted as an inspiration to evervone in his platoon, and not only enabled the advance to continue, hilt also saved his section leader's life.

ifis most conspicuous bravery and extreme devotion toduty inthefaceof heavy enemy fire resulted in the captureof thisstrongenemvposition

Private Richard Kelliher was born at Ballvheggan, Tralee,Co. Berry-, and cametoAustralia 12year,

ago.

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Relax Soap will takethehard work out of wash days for YOU. Relay.isgentleonthe fabricand yourhands;washes clothes asnowy white; and NO hard rubbing is neces. EASY __ sary. Alwaysuse RELAXin YOUR washtub. (Obtain-able in three sizes.)

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FLOOR, COLONIAL MUTUAL BUILDINGS, PERTH.

Hotel and Accommodation. Guide

On the Road to City Beach.

'Phone: B3418.

Wembley Hotel

First Class Accommodation.

M. CRANLEY, Proprietor. COUNTRY.

DUKE OF YORK HOTEL, NARROGIN. Reconditioned and Reftirnished, New Lounge, Dining Rooms, and Commercial Rooms. ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth).

GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR &GARTER HOTEL, Car. HANN..N & NETHERCOTT STS., KALGOORLIE.

.BERTSTARR

.... Proprietor.

'Phone 13.

........ Box 194. AUSTRALIA HOTEL, K,ALGOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St. Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooms. Refrigeration Throughout. Only Lock-Up Garages in the Centre ofTown. M.J. DILLON,licensee.

FREEMASONS HOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent Cuisine. Amatice Refrigerator Installed, Old and New Friends are Cordially Welcomed. MRS. E. WING, Proprietress.

STAN. O'BRIEN, COURT HOTEL PERTH.

'Phone: B4261.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE.

Overlooking the Ocean. SuperiorAccommodation.

Moderate Charges. M. BYRNE (Late of Grand and Shamrock Hotels, Boulder(.

VICTORIA HOTEL, HAYSTREET, SUBIACO. Renovated Throughout. Essence of Comfort.

W. F. ARTTS, Proprietor. (Lateof Balmoral Hotel,Vic.Park)

KEOUGH'S for CATERING

AnyNumber, Place, or Time. ThreeReception Rooms forHirs. On Hire: Crockery,Cutlery and Glassware, etc. Phone: B9454. GLAD KEOUGH.

NEWCASTLE ST.. PERTH.

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A New Homecraft at •OZ•S

Make your own accessories from materials offering in Foy's new Homecraft Section. Here youmaypurchasespeciallyselected skins in suitable lengths for bags, belts, dress trimmings, cushions, table centres, etc., at very reasonableprices. You will find these materials delightfully easy to makeupand the results will thrillyou.

Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It is on sale in Foy'sHomecraftSection in many lovely colours. Here is agrand opportunity for you to save money by making your own Christmasgiftsthis year.

LAunt Pauline is adear old soul, but she doesn't understand athing about golf. The other day her nephew returned from the local course, after giving aparticularly poor exhibition.

"Did you have agood game?" asked Aunt Pauline.

"No; was the reply. "The seventhtee wassloppy, and all thegreen'swere in aterrible state."

Aunt Pauline shuddered.

"You mustn't lunch there any more, Gilbert. What aweird combarretion! And }-

ou know how easily you get indigestion:' She shrugged her shoulders, thereby relieving herself of all responsibility. "Ican understand how enjoyable acup ofteaand asandwich must be after agame, but seven cups of tea and greens!" .*

"So you didn't marry John because of your mother'sadvice?"

"Yes, she gave him so much of it that he stopped calling"

"Where were you boys when Icalled for you to help me an hour ago?" asked Farmer Jones at the supper table.

Iwas in the barn settin' ahen," said the first boy.

AndIwasintheloftsettin'asaw;' answered another.

"I was ingrandma'sroomsettin' the clock," came from the third boy.

"I was up in the pantry settin' a trap," said the fourth.

"You're a fine setl" remarked the farmer. "And where were you?" he asked, turning to the youngest.

"I was on the doorstep settinstill!" was the reply.* * ► ►

Jones: "Wherehaveyoubeen?"

Brown: "Inthe hospital, getting cenGored."

Jones: "Censored?"

Brown: "Yes, Ihad several important parts cut out." * * t

Ayoung pilot officer with areputation asaLothariotried to refuse when invited to acharity affair.. He said he was working on something important.

"Oh, in that case just bring your work along.with you;' the hostess suggested. "We'dloveto have her, too," » ► •

SmallSon: "Ithinkthereiscompany downstairs."

Small Daughter: "Why?"

Small Son: "Ijust heard mamma laugh at one of papa's jokes." » ► *

The Sunday-school teacher was telling the class aBible story.

"Elijah builtanaltar andpiled,wood onit;'hesaid;"thenhecutup-thebullock in pieces and laid them on top. Next, he ordered the people tofillfour barrels with water and pour it on the altar. Now,canany boy tellmewhy all thiswas pouredoverthebullockon the altar?"

Up spoke abrightboy.

"To make lots of gravy;" he said.

Schoolmaster: "See ifany of youcan answer this question: What's a Hindoo?"

BrightPupil:"That'seasy,sir. Lay eggs."

Alion and alioness seeking supper came across half adozen gnus. With sixblowsofhispowerful paws the lion killedthe lot.

"That" he ,said turning to his wife, "is the end of the gnus. The time is exactly twenty-two minutes past nine." » »

The Partisan had just arrested the quisling mayor of asmall town liber. atedbytheAllies,

"I shall be interested to see how you will behave when the Allied authoritiesgethere;" he saidgrimly-.

"I shall puton mycoatand hatand walk out." the quisling answered with some attempt atdignity.

1H

LE

Tibbs: "The doctor seems to have putyou onyourfeetagain:"

Nibbs: Yes—with a vengeance. I had to sell my car to pay his bill:'

Barrister:"What'syouroccupation?"

Hostile Witness: "I'm an accountant cashier and acrobat"

Barister:"What'sthat?"

Hostile Witness:Well, I'm atram conductor:'

The head of the house approached thtyoungman.

Look here;' he said,"you've been calling here to see my daughter for a long time now. May Iask what are your intentions?"

"Well;" saidthesuitor,"Ihadhoped tobecome anaddition toyourfamily:'

"Let me tell you;" was the reply, "there's nothing doing in addition. You'll have to subtract." •

"You spend most of your time at home since your marriage:"

Benedict (rapturously):"Ali, yes. A pairofblueeyeskeepsmethere. By the by, Ihave not seen you of late. Wherehave youbeen?"

Bachelor: At home. A pair of black eyes kept me there."

"That girl in the opposite flat is quite apromising singer."

"Well, get her to promise she won't sing any more."

T[wo men were talking together. "I don'tknowwhattodoaboutmyson;" said one. "He wants to be aracing motorist."

"Well, whatever you do," advised the other,"don'tstandin hisway."

Joan: "Why did you choose lemon colour for your new dress?"

Jane: "Oh,Ihadsuchajobsqueezing itoutofmyhusband."

Father: "How dare you call your uncle afool;go at once and tell him you're sorry."

Sonny: "I'm sorry you're a fool, uncle" * ► » ►

First Cricket Spectator:"Fancy puttingonarottenbowlerlike that.'

Second ditto (indignantly): "Well, it's asgood asthatbattered old straw hat of yoursany day!"

An undertaker found adonkey lying dead infront ofhispremises andwent to inform the police.

"WhatamItodowithit?"heasked the officer in charge.

The officer hadasenseof humour.

"Do with it?" he asked with agrin. "Bury it, ofcourse. You'reanundertaker, aren't you?"

"That's true;"repliedthe undertaker. "But Ithought it only right to come round and inform the relatives first." • t 4 •

"I bet you ten shillings you won't guess why Ihave come to see you, said Jonestohisfriend.

His friend smiled knowingly.

"That's easy;" he said. "You've come to borrow money from me."

Jones thrust out his hand.

"Hand over the money," he said. "You're wrong. I've come to ask after your health."» » » »

When two

newspaper correspondents arrived in India and announced that theyhaddriven fromatownin Burma in ajeep, the officer they reported to declared: "Why, that's impossible. There isn't any road across those

jungles and hills."

"Sh-h-hl Notsoloud;"cautionedone of the newspapermen. "Ourjeep hasn't found out about roads yet, and we don'twanttospoil

itl"

A discussion about husband and bridge.was going on the other day in astudio.

"Oh, will you!" said the Partisan "And what will you put your haton?" t R »

Mother (to small son):"Now, John. nie, youcan'thavethehammertoplav .with. You'll hit your fingers."

Johnnie: "No,Iwon't,Mummie.Doric isgoing toholdthe nails."

Ican tellwithout asking," said one of the actresses,"whether myhusband has won or lost at bridge as soon as he comeshome."

Of course all the other members of the companywantedtoknowhow.

ws his trousers acme the foot:f the bed: if he has won he puts them under his pillow"

Dear Cornerites,-Farewell to Summer! Doyouknow,Iawaysfeeljust alittle saddened iwhen Irealise that Summerhasreally gone,andWinteris on the doorstep. The cold, wet days of Winter always make me feel miserable,andbecause Autumn isaprelude to this time I'm afraid Idon't like it, either. But there'sone thing that reconciles me to Autumn, and that's the mushrooms. In another month or so, we'll be pickingmushroomsagain, and gettingexcitedover the firstwee "but. tons" we find in the paddocks. It's the little things like mushrooms that always go on, children, and big things like wars are only temporary. (Thank God for that)) But the mushrooms are only anexample. There are many other little things, too. (I wonder whether the Bushies' Scheme will be one of them that will go on and on! Ido hope so, for it is avery laudable scheme indeed. But there is every reason to e

xpect that we will always be able to help the Bushies, and when you, Cornerites, are all old ladies and gentlemen yourselves, you will be able to see the little scheme grown into a bigger scheme. At least, thope you will) AUNT BESSY. Post office, New Norcia. Dear Aunt Bessy,-I hope you are well and happy. This is just ashort letter to ask you for aprick card. I thought you were going to send me one after m1• last letter, but so far none hasarrived. Iam sending afew stamps in this letter. On September .0 last Near'Iposter( apacket full of stamps, but as they were never ackiowledged Isuppose theywentastray. School is going on nicely now. I All , learning the piano again. 'Iargaret Lanigan isstill the same; she oftenhas

Lento►(ideBottle,

ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS. £ s, d.

blood transfusions and is still in hospital of course. Well, good-bye for now. Love from one of your nieces, LAUREL LANIGAN.

Dear Laurel,-Iam really quite ashamed of myself for forgetting your prickcard. Idon'tknowhow Icame to do it. However, Ipromise you I wont forget again. I'll post you one this very instant. Thank you very much for the holy picture, Laurel. It wasabeautiful little thought. Iwas very pleased tosee the stamps. Idid receiveapacketof them from youlast year,butIgenerallydon'tacknowledge them,sotheydidn'tgoastrayafter all. Poor little 1lfargaret! Iam grieved tohear thatshe is notwellvet. What isexactlythe matter,Laurel? Ishall ask all the Bushies to pray, for her recovery, and Ido hope it will not be long now.

AUNTBESSY.

68 Pangbourne-street, Wembley. Dear Aunt BesPs,y,-IViease find enclosed 5s. forthe ushies, in honour of St. Joseph and St. Anthony, and in memoryof one who loved and worked for the Bushies, Christinia Mannix. R.I.P. Wishingyourgood work every success.-Sincerely yours, (MRS.) M. MANNIX,

Dear Mrs. Manix -Many thanks for yourdonation and the kind wishes for the success of the work. However, I think the Bushies' Scheme has worked its way too wbll into West Australian Catholic circles to be really forgotten, don't you?

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,-You ,will find enclosed P.N. for IN, to help on the Bushies'Scheme. Hopingyouwillsucceed in getting the wanted £200 and lotsmore, forIam sureyoudeserveit. Good luck.

M. T. B.

Dear At. T. B.,-Your very nice sentiments make me quite determined to try

Santa Maria Swimming Carnival

The 8th, annual swimming carnival washeldat the College Pool onMarch 25. Despite the dull weather,alarge crowd of spectators was present, and avery successful day was oassed.

School•House (Capt., M. McAleer) won theday with 106 points,followed byMercian (Capt.,M.Streich),87,and Trinity(Capt., M. Kinloch), with 42. Theresultsoftheeventswere as follows:

110 Yards Freestyle (open): M. Norvell(S.), 1; R. Hooper (M.), 2; S. Dolin (T.),3. Time, 94sec.

34 Yards Breaststroke (under 14 championship): ,B. Hunt (S.), 1; L. O'Brien(M.),2; J.Glover (S.),3.Time, 29 3-5sec.(record).

25 Yards Freestyle (under 10): P. O'Donoghue (T,),1; E.Negus (S.) and S.Gibbs (T.), tie, 2. Time, 223.5sec.

34 Yards Breaststroke (under 14): S.Tumber (M.), 1; L.Hubbard (S.),2; M. Brewer (T.), 3. Time, 33sec. 34YardsBackstroke (open): R. Hooper (M.), 1; M. Norvell (S,), 2; S. Dolin (T.),3. Time,29sec.(record).

Dive (under14):J.Glover (S.), 1; L. O'Brien i\M.), 2: P. Honner (T.),3.

34 Yards Freestyle (under 12): F. McKenzie (S.), 1; D. Eyles (M.) and S. Lonergan (T.), tie, 2. Time, 32see.

34 Yards Freestyle (under 14): S. Tumber (M.), 1; L. Hubbard (S.), 2; P. Campbell (T.), 3. Time, 28see.

55 Yards Freestyle (open): R. Hoover i'1.), 1; M. Norvell (S.), 2; S. Dolin (T.), 3. Relay Race (under 14): School, 1; Mercian, 2; Trinity, 3. Time, lmiri. 56 2.5sec.

O'Brien (M.), 2; B. Green (M.), 3. Time 45 45sec.

34 Yards Freestyle (under 13): P. Halliday; 1; M. Rigg, 2; P. Negus, 3. Time,334-5see.

55 Yards Breaststroke (open): R. Hooper (M.), 1; S. Dolin (T.), 2; B. Hunt (S.),3. Time,48sec.(record).

Medley Race (open): Mercian, 1; School,2; Trinity,3. Time,2min025 sec, Dive (open): M. Norvell (S.), 1; R. Hooper (M.),2; S. Dolin (T.).3.

34 Yards Backstroke (under 14): J. Glover (S.), 1; P. Campbell (T.), 2: S. Tumber (M.), 3. Time, 32 1.5sec, (record).

Medley Race (under 15): Mercian, 1; School,2; Trinity,3. Time,2min.83-i) see.

Relay (open): School, 1; Trinity, 2; Mercian, 3.

Champions:

Open: R. Hooper.

Under 14:S.Tumber. Under 12: P.'McKenzie.

Under10: Paulette O'Donoghue, Under8: J.Champ.

NOMOREWOODCUTIZNOI.American Perfection Stoves;ideal for countryandbeach. At Hassell' s. B6907.

Mrs Mannix .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 0 A

Friend .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 00

Again Pre-War Quality Roof Paint, 28/- gad. Copper Grates, 4/. Hassell's, 559 Wellington Street.

STANDING CARDBOARD PICTURES

No. 11451-TWO-TONED COLOUR.

ED PICTURES. 25 Subjects, comprising:-Sacred heart, Our Lady, Immaculate Conception, Our Lady of Lourdes, Our Lady and Child, Divine Infant, Our Lord Blessing Children, Holy Family, Guardian Angel, St.Joseph,St.Anthony,Little Flower, Communion, Christmas, etc. Size Sin. x3.iin. 9d.each; 8/3 dozen.

No, 11452-COLOURED PICTURES:

In full colours, various subjects, including: Sacred Heart, Imbaculate Heart, Pleading Heart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena.

Size 51 x31in. I/- each; ll/- dozen.

No. 11453-COLOURED PICTURES:

In full colours. Varioussubjects.including: Sacred Heart, Immaculate Heart,PleadingHeart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena, St; Peter, St. Paul, St. Anne. Size91in,x71in. 2/-each; 22/- dozen.

No. 11454-BLACKANDWHITEPICTURE OF THE LITTLE FLOWER. Size41in.x31in. 9d.each;8/3 dozen.

MEDALS

Madeof Best Quality Hard Metal. Communion. Confirmation. Sacred HeartSodality.Holy Angels. Miraculous,St, Christopher,Scapular.

Pclitorld6"•

Co. Pry.Vd. r 776 HAY STREET, PERTH (Opp. Foy and Gibson).

my utmost for the required £200, and, as you say,lots more. And thanks so much for helping me do it. Iam already looking forward to the time when Ican put the two-hundredth pound note in the Bushies' bank account.

AUNT BESSY.

• • • • Perth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,-Please find enclosed P.N. for 5s, for favoursreceived. A FRIEND.

Dear Friend-Your writing is well and truly familiar to me now, after havingseen it so often. And you don't know how welcome it is to see that there is someone who has the Bushies' cause somuch at heart. You are one of the dozen or sowhose writing gives me anice warm feeling inside. Thank you very much.

AUNT BESSY.

Subiaco.

Dear Aunt Bessy,-Am enclosing a smalldonation (10s.),inhonourofOur Ladv of the Sacred Heart, to help towards your collection for the Bushies this vear. With best wishes.Yours sincerely, A.McK.

Dear A.,-Please accept the thanks of ,

the Bushies and myself. We are really grateful for your kindness. I thinkIcanbequiteconfident over the success of this year's collection, for I'm glad to say there are many like vourself who are anxious to help the Bushies.

AUNT BESSY.

DESERVE THE BEST. It you consult S.and S. Your eyes will receive qualified attention. Glasses will be advisedonlyitnecessary.Theywill be glazed withhighest quality lens inattractiveframes.Visit

55 Yards Freestyle (under 14 cham. pionship):

J. Glover (S.), 1; L

KNOW YOUR FAITH SERIES

_ (Continued from Page 4.)

free will in opposition to the Divine law. For,in the incident we are not. Icing,wehavetheSonofGod Himself, while exercisingtheresponsibleofficeof areligious teacher of men, and hence assuming all itsweighty duties,utterly neglecting the primary obligation of every teacher—above all, of areligious one—namely,sotosafeguard his utter. ances that these may not become the occasionoferrortohispupils,norscan. dalise their religious or moral sense.

IWe remember the terrible warnings He once delivered against scandalising even-theleastofHislittle ones.) Nay, we should have something still worse in the present case. We should behold areligious teacher refusing asim. ple wordofexplanation after his hearers had most unmistakably manifested their hurtful misapprehension of his unguarded expressions. In any per. ,

on having the charge of instructing andguiding others,such neglectwould not be simply to permit in others an evilof theirown wilful seeking, but to become theresponsible,guilty causeof it.'AndnoonebelievingintheDivinity of Christ, or even in Christ as a Prophet among prophets approved by God, could possibly be blasphemous enough toattribute to Him such criminal negligence.

Above allmust He desire that His immediate disciples should rightly ap. prehend His life-giving doctrine, since it is they who are later on to bear faithful witness to the same unto the -world at large. Therefore under our asumption, when He saw the grievous scandal to the Jews created by toolit. eral an understanding of His emphatic teaching, and that disciples already won to His side, were being estranged from Him in considerable numbers, is it conceivable that He should have made Himself responsible for such ex. tensive backsliding and spiritual loss just for the want of one little word of explanation?Sofarfromthis,Hemust, instead, have called them back to explain.

But Jesus did nothing of the kind. Rather than vouchsafe the easy word that would have removed the fatal error, lie suffered those poor ignorant souls to go away unenlightened!

No more, Ithink, is needed for exposing in all its naked absurdity the false supposition we adopted for sake of argument—one, however, which is necessary to the controversial position of all Bible Christians who deny every -

ort of Real Presence, even the Lutheran.

The case is simple enough. Jesus said-what Ile meant, and meant exactIv what Ile said. Rather than com. promise His wondrous doctrine by a hair's breadth, Ile bore the bitter sor• rowanddisappointmentofseeingthose many souls depart from His light into the gloom. Not in order to lead the whole world captive in His sacred feet would lieputitoffwith halfatruth..

Those however,whorejecttheliteral forceofOurLord'seucharistic teaching have yet another serious problem to count with. It is an unquestionable fact, attested by ecclesiastical documents and writings that have come down to us from the various centuries

Old clothes needed by the Society of St.Vincent de Paul for distribution to the poor. Parcels may be left at"The Record"Office,450 Hay-street, Perth.

Randolph Knapp (WADA.).

SIGHT-TESTING OPTIOLLN. 12 ATWELL ARCADE, FRZIANTLZ L1582.

"Baltic States were hors d'oeuvre;Poland isMain Dish"

(Continued from Front Cover.)

last summer's Home Army casualties were included, the Polish total would be the highest and these are totals of soldiers alone. A quarter of a million men, women and children gave their lives in the Warsaw rising.

Lublin.

"Then came Lublin. As early as September, 1944, five concentration camps bad already been opened by Lublininarelativelysmallareaitthen administered,andbytheendofthefol. lowing months over 21,000 arrests had been made. Nomancan computethe price since exacted. As soon as the Crimea decisions were announced, it was obvious that one immediate indication whether theyexpressedany real agreement about Poland would be an alteration in tone of both Soviet Moscow and Lublinwireless By this test nothing good has happened. Moscow wireless makes most of all misplaced and ungenerous criticism. ltfoscow, it is

interesting to note, couples Mikolaiezvk-with Arciszewski and says that they are both 'acting in unison with Berlin' in alanguage which suggests flow Lublin is to be 'broa'dened' with the genial acquiescence of Sir A. C. Kerr.

TheJews.

"It is well-known how many Jews, in their long agony in Poland, owed their lives to the Polish population, Now Lublin Radio in touching anew depth of unscrupulousness ,is broadcasting in Yiddish against the Home Army and the Polish-Underground, which, in fact, saved so many Jewish lives and declaring that Jews 'will never forget either the murderers of Polish reactionary organisation nationalist armed forces or the army of the homeland, who helped Tlitlerite bandits and took an active part in exter minating the Jewish population and murdering Jewish partisans."'

of Christianity, that in her belief in the Real Presence the Church hasever appealed with simple, childlike faith to the grammatically obvious meaning of OurLord'seucharisticutterances.Now, what does this fact involve? In the non-Catholic view, nothing less awful (or less incredible) than this: thatmillions upon millions of Christians in all ages. and among then) the holiest ant. most learned that the world can boast of, have been woefully misled by their simple trust inthe wordsofChristintr, an inveterate wholesale system ofbasest idolatry towards apiece of bread and alittle wine, by the side of which the Parsec's cult of the sun would appear intelligent and respectable.

Did Our Lord know that such-would be the effect of His unqualified statements.not upon the unlettered acid ignorant, not upon the evil-mindedoand perverse, but upon the learned and neute-minded, upon the well-disposed. upon those who would seek before all else to know His will and to accomplish it? To deny that Our Lorddirt foreknow all this would be blasphemy pure and undiluted. And yet, know. ingthisresulttoacertainty, Ilesuffered His unexolained words to pollute the whole earth with idolatrous abomination,payingnoregard to theearnestness and sincerity with which untold millions ofsoulswould seekHisRaving truth) Lethim credit this whocant For our part, we envy no man the power of thus caricaturing the Divine attributes of wisdom, charity, and I

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