The Record Newspaper 21 March 1945

Wingled boy and q

riepofTalm Sunda'v

Tenebrae Symbolises Darkness of World at Death of Christ

llVhen there-is only one priest, he says or sings the parts of the service which in High Mass are sung by the deaconand sub-deacon.)

The ceremony of Palm Sunday is madeupofthreefunctions. First,the Celebrantblessesanddistributespalm s

; then comes the procession of palms; and thirdlly,\tars is offered, during which the history of the Passion, as is recorded by St. Matthew, is sung or said, In following the services of Iloly Weekwemustalwaysbearinmindthe ' dramatic element of which the Church has always made use in her teaching. Wemustgobackinimagination tothe centuriesbefore theartofprintingwas invented; to the ages when nearly all teaching was by word of mouth and pictorialillustration; to theclays when the dream of every boy artist was to paint his Bible around the walls of hisvillagechurch.

Now during this service, the Church setsherself to picture to us two different emotions: joy at her Master's triumphal entry into Jerusalem; sorrow at His approaching death. On this day, the first day of the week of the Passover, the week in which Jesus (lied, Ile entered the Holy City in triumph. Hisdiscipleswere with Ilim and the multitudes cut clown branches of palm trees andcried aloudwith one voice:"hosanna to the Son of David blessed is Ile that cometh in the name of the Lord." At the same time the cloud of upproaching tribulation was gathering darkly over the Church, for infive(laysherMasterwould be nailed tothe crossof Calvary. Toexpress to us her children, these opposite emotions she gives us, first, the blessing ofthepatens, and,injoyousprocession, she depicts the entry into Jerusalem; while.in the Mass that follows, the mournful chantofthe Passionshadows forth the coming desolation.

TENEBRAE.

Tenebraefaetaeauntdumcrucifixissent Jesum Judaei: (Matins for Good Friday. V. Resp.)

Asweenterthechurchwe are struck with many signs of mourning at this sacred time. The Tabernacle stands open, for the Blessed Sacrament has been removed. Theveilofthe Tabernacle,flowers, andotherornaments-are gone. Nothing remains on the Altar except the veiled Crucifix and the six

candles. In the centre of the Sanctu. arystands the bookforthe Psalmsand Lessons. Atthe Epistle sidewe see a large triangular candlestick, holding fifteencandlesof commonor imbleached wax.

The Office at which we are to assist is called Tenebrae )meaning darkness). Thiscurioustitle isgivento the Matins andLaudsof the Divine Officeappointed to be said on the Thursdev, Friday, and Saturday in Holy Wc"k. The name may have been taken from the antiphon given above or it may have arisen from the gradual darkness that envelopsthechurchas,onebyone, the lights are extinguished during the recitation of the Office. Symbolically it istaken to typify the more than natural darkness that overshadowed the worldatthe deathofJestsChrist.

The Divine Office, which is recited daily by the clergy, either privately or solemnly in Choir, consists ofsevendifferentportionsor"Hours:" Thesepor. tions are divided into Night-Hours iNocturns) and Day-Hours. Matins and Lauds, the night-hours, were said soon after midnight. The clay-hours belongtothe differenttimesof theday from dawn to sunset, and of these the hour of Vespers is iamiliar to most of us. In Tenebrae these night-hoursare anticipated, The Matins and Lauds which belong normally to the small hours of Thursday morning are now said by anticipation on the Wednesday evening, and the custom obtains in regard to the night-hours of the two following days.

The Divine Office consists chiefly of twoelements. Themore important of these is readings from the Holy Scriptures; the other is made up from the approved writings of the Church: hymns,prayers,homiliesofthe Fathers, and papal decrees. Naturally, in such aservice of prayer, the Psalms form the most important part of the Scriptural element, but no book of floly Scripture is entirely omitted.

Each of the three Nocturns consists ofthree Psalmsand threeLessons with appropriate antiphons and responsories —the Lessons of the first Nocturn are taken from the Lamentations of Jereo';RS. Written during the Exile in Babylon they recall the desolation of the Holy City widowed of her people, and for us they form afitting picture oftheChurch'swoe. Onthelasteven-

ing the first nocturn ends with the Prayer of Jeremias—"Our heritage is turned to strangers, our homes to aliens... our fathers have sinned and are not; and we have borne their in. iquities... Jerusalem. Jerusalem, return to the Lord thy God." The lesFons of the second nocturn are taken from the homilies of St. Augustine; those of the third from the Epistles of St. Paul. The Lauds consist of five Psalms, followed by the Canticle of 7.achary(Benedictus) and the whole Office is brought to an end with the 50th. Psalm (\fisererel and aCollect.

In the 011'ice on Wednesday evening the ddminant idea is the treason of Judas, but thelessonsof the thirdnocturn are appropriately devoted to St. Paul's account of the Institution of the holy Eucharist. The keynote of the Good Friday Matins is the desolation of the Son of God in His Passion. "\1v friends have fled from me while the kingsofthe earth take courtscl against me," Peter--Barabbas—the false witnesses and the cry: "My God. myGod,whyhaltThou forsakenMe?" The spirit of Tenebrae of Holy Satur(Continued on Page 4.)

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theTruceoi God Lentis"theAcceptableTimeand DayofSalvation"

— Origins of the 40 Days

Fast Circumstances

in Which a Divorced Person Might Re-Marry in the Church

Ihope that someof you listening tonight were also tuned into this session last Sunday nighttwhen, briefly, the meaning of Lent wasexplained. Lent is the annual "acceptable time and Day of Salvation" mentioned by St. Paul, when Christian people are reminded of the necessity of attending more closely to the supremely important business of saving their souls.

"What shallit profit aman," said Our Lord, "if he gain the whole world and suffer the loss of hisown soul?" What willbethe useofamatthavinglearned in this life to fightbattles successfully against his country's enemies, of having been eminently successful in piling up wealth and controlling the lives of his fellow-men if afterwards, through not having learned to control himself through having consistently offended against the law of God, he loses his ownsoulinHell,andfindstoolatethat this life which he always considered as anendin itselfwas reallyatragicallylost opportunityofpreparing forhis eternal welfare?

Lent, then, is the"Tregua Dei," the Truce of God, when, for six weeks before Easter, we are given the opportunity of fasting and good works to strengthen our often strained relations with Almighty God.

The history of the development of Lent from the earliest times is an in. teresting one. During the lifetime of St. James the Apostle it was the custom in Jerusalem to observe as fast days the last twodaysbefore the celebration of Eastet. Certainly as early as the first century it was the practice of the Church in Rome to consecrate the whole week preceding the Feast of Our Lord's Resurrection to. prayer

and fasting. In the third century, we know not for what precise reason, the periodof fastin Romewasextended to three weeks. The Fathers ofthe first General Council of Nicea in 325 extended the period of Lent to forty days, obviously because of the example of Christ, Who fasted 40 days in the desert. When Lent became.crystallised as afastof 40 days, this was at first taken roughly as six weeks before Easter, but if the Sundays are included this makes 42 days, whereas if they be excluded there are only 36 days. Lent clearly began for many centuries on the first Sunday of Lent; this is obvious from the many referencestothe beginningof the great fastcontained in theMassandOffice of thisSunday. In themakingupofexactly 40 fast days there arose some minor differences between the Church in the 'Vest and the Eastern Church. The former alwayshasconsidered Sunday as afeast day, and therefore free from fast—to make up the forty days, then. Lent was anticipated four days andbegan on theWednesday previous, which we now call Ash Wednesday, The Orientals considered both the Saturday and theSundayofeach week as free from fast, so they began Lent eight weeks before Easter, so as to makeup the 40 days. Under this Oriental influence even Rome compromised to the extent of anticipating the penitential season by another two and ahalf weeks, from Septuagesima Sunday even though thereal fast did not start until Ash Wednesday.. The Greek influence in Rome was very strong in the 4th. and 5th. centuries, whenalarge proportionoftheimperial officials in Rome were Greeks from Constantinople. A good number of

Popes were Greeks during this period 100. In its very early origins the Lenten fast seems to have been in the nature of apreparation for baptism, aforty. clay retreat, as it were, for those who had been instructed and were to receive solemn baptism on Easter Eve. It developed into aretreat for every. one in preparation for the renewal of baptismal vows on HolySaturday. It was areal retreat, too, until quite recently. Theatres and law courts were shut. Marriages were prohibited during the thole six weeks; a relic of which remains in the modern prohibition of solemn marriages during Lent.

The nature of the fast in very early times was similar in concept to the modern Eucharistic fast amongst Catholics; inother words thefaithfulpeople ate nothing at all until after they had received Holy Communion at the daily Mass. As thisMass began with apenitential procession in the afternoon and concluded somewhere about sunset, the fast was areal fast indeed. The feature of adaily Mass also was aspecialityfor Lent inthosedays. It was

then the custom to celebrate the liturgy only on Sundays and great feastdays, except in themonasteries— more frequent celebration would have been too burdensome on the people, since everyone used to attend. They did not mind letting their businesses go to some extent during Lent, since it was the Truce of God, when they thought of their eternal salvation rather than their temporal affairs. The special devotion to frequent week-day Masses as aparticular observance of Lentis stillvery common amongst fervent Catholics to-day.

In answer toMrs.Thomas, Beaufort. street;Tangled Skein, Mt. Lawley; An Albany Listener,and An Interested Listener, Mosman Park.

All these letters deal with the possibility of divorced persons remarrying in the Catholic Church, so they can be dealt with together. There are even namesandplacesquotedtosupportthe statements that the Catholic Church is inconsistent in teaching the indissolu. bilityofmarriageandat thesame time permitting occasionally the re-marriage of divorced persons.

A.: Before getting clown to the answering of this main question, there are it few minor points to be cleared up:

1. The children of aregular civil marriagewhichisconsideredbytheChurch as invalid are not illegitimate. 2. Thep can he baptised in the Catholic Church, if their parents so swish and there is areasonably good hope that theywill hegiven achancetogrow up asCatholics, 3. ACatholicperson who has been divorced can be buried in a Catholic cemetery, and, of course, by apriest if there are real signs of repentance before death.

Now, as regards the main question: Can adivorced person be re-married in theCatholicChurch?

A.: Ican conceiveofseveral cases in which this could happen. 1. The divorced person might deceive the priest and he might go ahead with the marriage in ignorance that the party was adivorcee. The Church would not uphold the validity of this form of marriage,but there might he hundreds ofpeoplewhowouldbewillingtoswear that they saw adivorced personbeing married in one of our churches.

Pank (W.A.),Ltd.

2 The true husband or wife of the divorced person might have died since

the divorce, in which case the latter would be quite free to marry again and in the Catholic Church if he so desired.

3. The former marriage, which was brokenupby the divorce, mightnever have been recognised as valid by the Church; in Ilereyesthedivorceewould never havetxen married,andso would be free to contract the Sacrament for the first time—it would not be re. marriage. This could even happen . where theprevious marriage had taken place in aCatholic Church. For instance, amarriage attempted between two first cousins would be entirely invalid unless adispensation had been , received from the Holy See. (Unless I am mistaken the marriageof two first cousinsis considered validbycivil law in this State.) Now, later, the two Catholicfirstcousins findoutthatthey are not validly married and wish to separateand each marry someoneelse; acivil divorce would be necessary to free them legally, then if they so wished they could arrange adouble wedcling in aCatholic church because, according to the laws of the Church theyhad neither of them beenmarried before. They would probably be asked to go tosome place where they were not known to avoid scandalising people iwho were not acquainted with the facts of the case.

Ihope this answers all the queries. Ido assure you most sincerely that persons who have been truly married cannot marry again in the Catholic Church whoever they may be during the lifetime of their first spouse. Any appearances to the contrary can be satisfactorily explained in one of the above mentioned ways.

Nomos,Harvey:

It is refreshing to learn that the Catholic Church still.upholds the binding claims of the Ten Commandments as revealed in the various catechisms, However,would you pleaseexplain thevast difference betweentheformoftheTenCommandments as given in Exodus $% with that given in Catholic Catechisms?' Kindly give Scriptural warrant,if any.

A.: Yes, most certainly the Catho. lie Church upholds the Ten Commandments, and this at atime when more and more people are viewing them as a sort of examination paper—you know, the following are ton questions, only five of which need be attempted.

As regards the difference in form be. tween the lists of Commandments usually found in Catholic hooks and that found in many Protestant lists: in the first place, the Commandments as contained at the beginning of the Angli. can Communionservice are takenpractically verbatim from the twentieth chapterof Exodus: the Catholic list is admittedly abrief summary of this chapter only. The main difference is that ourfirstCommandmentcommand-, ingtheworshipoftheonetrueGodand forbidding idolatry is expanded in the :Anglican lists into two commandments—the second one forbidding the makingand worshipof graven images: this, of course, puts you one ahead all through, so that our fifth is your sixth, our seventh is your eighth, etc.,until you come to the end, when our ninth -

and tenth are put together to form your tenth. Our way of ennumerating owes its origin to St. Augustine,andis followedbythe Lutheran 'churchesalso; yourdivisionisused not

Catholic'& Protestant Divisions of the Commandments ...

In What the Sin

Can aMan Renounce the Faith in Sincerity?

Is the Church Aptly Named?

only by the Anglican but by the Cal.- Cantab(no address): yinistic and the Oriental schismatic churches as well. and orginates, probably, from the famous Jew, Philo, of Alexandria, and from Origen of the same city. Our division is quite a logical one; every listdistinguishes between stealing and adultery the(Ith. and 7th. Commandments (or the 7th. and 8th., if you likes, soSt. Augustine and we also distinguish between those sinful desires concerning other people's wives and those concerning other people's goods, and make them into different Com

mandments—the 9th. and 10th. The Protestant 2nd. Commandment forbidding the making of graven images and the likenesses of anything i. merelyanextensionof the first, which forbids idolatry. We are ail forbidden to make images for the purpose of adoring them, but that is all. If anyone should try to stretch this Mosaic injunction into acondemnation of the Catholicpractice of making images of the Saints, let him rememberthat takenliterally,asthe Palestinian Jews took it, it would also outlaw our Art Galleries and civic sculptures.

VeryInterested,MiddleSwan:

After akind introduction appreciat. ingoursession,"Very Interested" goes on:

What is the biblical definition of Blasphemy? Iread of it many times, yet what we call blasphemy today hardly seems to fit it; it seemsaratherwideranging term.

A.: Ifind it rather hard to answer your question precisely. It would be like asking me the biblical definition of anger—Idon't know if there is exactlywhatcouldbetermedadefinition from the Bible. However, this does notmake the meaningof"blasphemy" obscure. TheiOxfordDictionary gives an excellent meaning; it says that blasphemyis"profanespeakingofGod or sacred things; impious irreverence." Itcomes from the Greek blasphemis, meaning aprofane speech, and is the opposite of euphemis, which is speak. ing well of something. Essentially, then, blasphemy is asin of speech which infers contumely or contempt ofGodorofsacredthings. But,aswe shall see, writings or acts can be equivalenttospeech. Foraperson in trouble or in anger to say that God is cruel or unjust isblasphemy, but it would alsobe blasphemous to write a book poking fun atGodor religion or at His Saints. Itwould also be blas. phemy, for example, to trample deliberately on acrucifix because this wouldbeequivalenttosayingthatyou •thoughtChristandHissacrifice on the cross to be absurd andworthy of conte'nnpt. Drawings and'posters can often be blasphemous, too, as, for example, the many horrible posters put outbythe RussianLeagueof theGodless.

At first sight it may seem strange that there is comparatively little blasphemy in Australia, where strong and ofen filthy language is, unfortunately, such acommon thing. On the other hand, it must be remembered that blasphemyisaperversionof faith and presupposesfaithintheblasphemer. It wouldbe pointlessandthe opposite of strong language for one who no faith in God to blaspheme. Blasphemy, for this reason,ismuchmore common among'_etpeoplewhere the faith is still strong.

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of Blasphemy Consists

Youhave told us that the heathens whohavenot hadthe gospelpreachto them are in no danger of eternal punishment. A.: Noone haseversaid thatin this session. The heathen will go to llell if hediesin it

stateofunrepentantsin, justlike anyoneelsedying in asimilar miserable condition However, since guiltiness of serious sin depends not onlyon the matterbeingreally serious initself but also on the fullrealisation by the sinner of that seriousness, it is quitelikely that aheathen will n,

tbe held responsible for man)' of his sins, committed in ignorance—sins which it committed by aChristian with all his knowledge and opportunities, would most certainly be mortaland condemn the perpetrator to Hell if he dill not repentofthem. Cantab continues: Does the Church teach that the Christian apostate, thatisone who hasrenounced Christianity for what he considers good reasons, goes to Hell?

This question, consequently, has alreadybeenansweredin theory. Ifa man renounces Christianity, which is true, for some other opinion, which is false, and is in good faithin so doing thatis,considersthatheisdoingwhat isright.hewouldnotbe committing a serioussinandconsequently wouldnot beindangerof Hellmerely forhisact of apostasy. Whether in practice be could apostatise in good faith would depend on the thoroughness of his previous knowledge of Christianity. nfo'st theologians hold thataman who has athorough knowledge of the teaching of Christ could conceivably abandon that teaching with sincerity, but they also hold thathe would not lose the divine gift of faith without having committed habitually other serioussins which hadgradually weanedhimawayfrnmGod by darkening his reason. No type of sin is more prone to cloud the intelligence ofman than habitual'sensuality and precisely forthereason thatatndysensualman has allowed his animal tendencies to take control, his reason has abdicated her position of natural supremacy,and he may, without any insincerity,come to the most unreasonable conclusions. Hisreason ruled by his senses, instead of the other way round, will be cap. able, almost, of telling him that black iswhite,thataserioussinisreallynot wrong at all. Have Iconfused the issue? Let me re-state our position briefly. it is possible for aman to abandon Christianity and thereby not commit aserious sin byapostatising.

Manytheologiansofgreatweightconsider it impossible for aman to abandon the faith without having committedmanyserioussinsbeforehandwhich leadupto hisapostasy.

Willyou also defineforuswhat the churchmeans by Hell?

A.: Hell is the place orstate ofpun. ishment in the next life where the damned will suffer foralleternity.

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lie Church," because Ile never did. You have, however, found alot when you discovered that Christ said to Peter,"and uponthisrock Iwillbuild 1Iy Church," for in this you have the reason why Christ's Church should be called Roman. Peter and his successorsweretobetheheadsoftheChurch on earth.-Peter and his successors have their headquarters in Rome, so the Church which Christ founded may bewellcalledtheRomanChurch. His true Church is naturally"Holy." for that wasHismain object—toleavean efficient organisation for the carrying on of Ilis work, which was to distribute to mankind the means of living agoodlife, the meanstosanctification, toholiness. Christ intendedthat His Church should have auniversal appeal to all nations and classes. Catholicis aword ofGreek origin, which means universal,so HisChurch was tobeCatholic and of atype apart from the purely national concept of a church which theJewshadhadandwhichhas been again resurrected during the last few centuries. Tt follows then that

"The Church of Christ" is an excellent

name for Christ's Church, and this mode of expression is very frequently used in Catholic theology and in Catholic literature,but also the name "Holy, Roman, Catholic, Apostolic Church," eventhough longer,isamost appropriate name, because it describes sowell the qualities which the Church of Christmusthave

"After all, what's in aname," you say.

Well, certainly, the substance of a thingismoreimportantthanitsname; but, on the otherhand, names are not usually applied at random butbecause they correspond to the nature of a thing ortherole of aperson. Sojust as"Jesus" is amost fitting name for Christ, because it means "Saviour," and Christ was the Saviour of the world, so also"Holy, Roman CatholicChurch"isamostappropriatename for the Church, because it corresponds tothenatureoftheorganisationwhich Our Lordfounded.

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Please could you tell me where I canfindanyproofthatChristsaidHis Church was to be called"The Holy, Roman, Catholic Church"? I have looked for it but fail toAndanything otherthanthatChristsaid,"Uponthis rockIwillbuildmyChureb." Ithink that Christ's Churchwould be rightly namedifcalled'TheChumbofChrist."

After all what is Inaname?

A.: You will not be able to find proof anywhere that Our Lord called HisChurch the"Holy, Roman, Catho-

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Why the Blessed Sacrament is Reserved

.,

He that eateth MY flesh and drinketh My blood, abidethinMeandIinHim and Iwill raise him up in the last day."

Stripping the Altars & Hallowing the Oils...

(Continued from Front Cover.)

day is peace. The battle is over and peace is come. "Iwill lay me down in peace and sleep. From the raids of sinners is the just man translated andhismemoryisineverlastingpeace.'

Turning for amoment to the music wemay'note that the Psalms and Les sons are sungtotheo-dinary tones. Ii the Lamentations, however,.we hav one of the richest specimens of th ancient chant that the Church retains whiletheharmonisedresponsorieslight enforabriefmoment the night ofsor row. The Miserereat theend is mor correctly recited in alow monotone butitissometimessungwithelaborat harmony according to the custom which obtained at the papal cerentonie in the Sistine Chapel in Rome.

Devout souls see many mystica meanings in the ceremonies of this ser• vice. At the end of each Psalm on of the candles in the triangular candle stickisextinguished until, as the Office proceeds, one only is left alight. R, this is shown forth how one by on the disciples forsook their Master an , slunk aw•ay. The one candle that re• mains alight represents Jesus Christ inn saken and left to"tread the winepress alone." During the Canticle of 7.ar hary tBenedictuO the six candles ou theAltarare putout and thelightsit the church are gradually lowered, t• symbolise the noon-day darkness that covered the earth at the heath of it Creator.

At the end of the Benedictus, Iht single

candle that still hurns is hirldeu behind the Altar, while the Miserer is sung amid the gloom. Acollect i. then said in alow voice by the senior Priest present, and aconfused noise i, made to express the convulsions o' nature when theearth quaked.and tht

rocks were split, and the graves gave up their dead. The candle is then brought from behind the Altar, still aligaht to represent that, after Hi, Deathand Burial, ourdear Lord came forth immortal from the tomb. The Office ended, all depart in silence.

MAUNDY THURSDAY.

The morning service of \laundy Thursday, as it now takes place in parish churches retains only a portion of the ceremonies proper to this day. In the earliest centuries to MaundyThursdaybelongedthree great functions, each with its appropriate Mass. First came the reconciliationor readmission into the Church of the public penitents whohad beendismissedfromtheChurchonash Wednesday. Then came the hallowing of the oils— the oil of baptism, the oil of the sick, and the sacred Chrism—used in the administration of the Sacraments. Lastly came the Massof theLastSupper. The two first-named ceremonies belonged essentially to the office of aBishop, so thatweneednotexpecttofindthem in our parish churches, where the third function—the Mass of the Last Supper —alone survives. It will help it ,

to follow this with understanding if we realise that this too wascelebrated by the Bishop and thathisclergyassisted at it, the priests con-celebrating with the Bishop and the rest receiving Ilolv Communion at this one Mass. The ceremonv consists nowadays of the Mass, followed by aprocession to the Altar of Repose and the stripping of the Altars. To this in Cathedrals are added the hallowing of the holy oils and the mandatum or washing of the feet.

TheMass,

In spite of the mourning of Holy Week, the Church cannot allow this greatday to pass without some tokens ofherjoy. It is the day of the Last Supper, the day on which Jesus Christ instituted the Sacrament of the Holv Eucharist. In honour of this great eventshe laysasidehermourning garb, at least during the celebration of the Mass, and bids its deck the altar with rich ornaments and wear vestments of white, the colourdenoting triumphand joy. We would remind our readers that the LastSupper took placeon the firstday of the Azvmesorthe Feast of thUnleavened Bread. Thisis the reason why we utze unleavened bread-for consecration in the Holy Sacrifice. One Mass onlyis allowedineach church, as if to bring before us the scene in the

Upper Chamber in Jerusalem, where Our Lord alone consecrated the bread and wine and then administered Holy Communionto thosepresent. With the institution of the Holy Eucharist is bound up the memoryof the betrayal by Judas on the same night, and the remembrances of both these events is interwoven in to-day's Mass. The Lesson from St. Paul's Epistle to theCorinthians,repeated fromthe;aird \return recited last night, and certain prayers in the Canon recall the institution of the Holy Eucharist. The Collect of the Mass and the Gospel bring before us the betrayal by Judas, and the omission of the kiss of peace indi-' caterourhorror of his treacherous kiss in the garden on this night' The joyhells of the Gloria note the beginning of the great silence which ends with theintonationofthesamesongonHoly Saturday.

TheProcession to the Altar of Repose.

OnGoodFriday, as we shallsee the Church suspends the offering of the lloly Sacrifice of the Mass, to commemorateis this solemn wav theSacrifice that was offered on that day on Calvary. In the Mass of Holy Thursday the priest consecrated two Hosts. One of these he received in Holy Com• munion; the other he places reverently in achalice,andreservestobeconsumer( on Good Friday. The Blessed Sacrament could not be reserved with fitting respect at the High altar on ac• count of the mournful ceremonies of this holy time; and consequently a chapel or altar, apart from the High Altar, is prepared and adorned with rich hangings, lights, and flower; here our Blessed'Lord remains until Good Friday.. When the Mass today is finished, the choir and the clergy go in procession to this Chapel of Repose. After the cross-hearer and acolvtes come the choir and clergy, singing the "Pantie Lingua," follower( by the Celebrant and sacred ministers tinder the canopy. The priest does not carry the Monstrance,asin otherprocessions, but aChalice, containing the Bles<cd Sarlament, covered with aveil. When he arrives at the Altar of Repose he places it in the Tabernacle or urn, where It will remain until to— morrows service. Until then Jesus will not he left alone; by day and night loving souls will keep watch there in humble adoration,makingamendsforthescorn and insults which Jesus has suffered for our sins. More especially will they he present during the silent watches of the night; for this is the night when He suffered the Agony in the Garden, and was betraved by Judas, and delivered into the handsof His enemies.

Stripping the Altars.

The procession then leaves the Altar of Repose, the sacred ministers go to

the sacristy, and the other clergy and choir go to the Sanctuary to recite Vespers, which are said, not sung. . At theendofVespers the priestsenterthe Sanctuary to strip the Altar, as Jesus was stripped bf His garments before the Crucifixion. The ornaments and flowers that were there'to denote our joyful commemoration of the Institution of the Blessed Sacrament are taken away, the very altar-cloths are stripped off because the Daily Sacrifice is suspended, in token of our grief: "They have parted My garments among them, and upon My vesture theyhave cast lots." Theholy water is removed from the porch, and none is put there until after the Mass on Holy Saturday,

The Maundy.

In cathedralsand certain otherchurches, at aconvenient time the Dishop or Superiorwashes the feetof thirteen men or boys in memory of the washing of the feet by Our Saviour at the LastSupper. The name istakenfrom the first sword of the anthem, "mandatum (anew commandment I gave you, etc.), sung at the beginning of the ceremony. One of the charming traditions ofthe pontificate ofGregory the Great is responsible for the addi• tional number, it is said thaton one occasion at the washing of the feet an angel, in the form of ayouth, added himself to the twelve and that the Saint was permitted to wash his feet.

The Hallowing of the Oils.

In his cathedral the Bishop of the dioceseconsecrates the sacred oils with much ceremony. Just before the "Pater nester" he leaves the Altar and goes to atable prepared in the Sanctuary. Isere he waits until a subdeacon brings in the oil to be consecrated for administration to the sick in Extreme Unction. After he has blessed this oil the Bishop returns to the Altar and continues the Mass. After the Communion he breaks off again and goes to the table. Aprocession of priests, deacons, and sul} deacons is formed and these leave the Sanctuary singing ahvmn. They returnpresently bearing jars ofoil and adish with balsam. Surrounded by the clergy in their vestments, the Bishop blesses first the balsam and then the oil for the chrism with much ceremony, and finally mixes the balsam with the oil. He then hallows the oil for baptism. After each consecration the Bishop, followed by all the sacred ministers present, salutes the new oils be singing"Ave sanctum chrisma" or "Ave sanctum oleum," and reverently kisMs the jars in which they are coT tained. The procession of clergy is then re-formed, and the oils are taken awav to be prepared for distribution to every church in the diocese.

(Continued on Page5.)

i i

Day of the Church's Widowhood — Good Friday ...FourfoldActionoftheMassofthePresanetifiecl

Unveiling and Adoration of the Cross Public Prayers for All Conditions of Men

(ContinuedfromPage4,)

Wehave comenowtothedayof the Church's widowhood, and she would have it to be aday- of desolation, as her true children feel it to be. The Sanctuary is altogether bare and unadorned. The Altar was stripped of its ornaments yesterday morning, and nothing remains except the Crucifix, nowveiledinblack,andthesixcandle,ticks. Thesanctuarycarpethasbeen taken away, and even the candles are notlighted until thelatter part of the function. To enable us to enter into thespirit of thisservice, and to appreciate fully the meaning of its various parts, we must bear in mind that todaythe priestdoesnotoffer sacrifice— that he does not, so to say, stand in the place ofJesus Christ and speak in His name and with His power; but rather as the spokesman and representative of the congregation present: as aconsequence ofthis, they follow and ,ake part in thevarious actsofreparation. We shalldivideourexplanation intofournarts:(1)History,containing the Propheciesand the Passion accordingto St. John;(2) Supplication, containing public prayers for all sorts of conditions of men; (3) Reparation, containing theunveiling andadoration of the Cross;(4) The \lass ofthe Presanctified.

I.ThePassion.

The choir and sacred ministers ap. proach the Sanctuary in silence. \either incense nor lights are carried before them, and the vestments are black,"as when one mourneth."

On the Altar there is neither Missal norAltar-cloth. Whenthesacredmin. isters reach the Sanctuary, instead of beginning by publicprayer, they prostrate themselves on the ground in silence, while acloth and the book are laid on the Altar. They then rNe, and at once proceed to read the Lessons and Collects, which bring before its the Paschal Lamb, the type of the Lamb ofGod, who is to-day sacrificed for our sins. These Lessons prepare us for the"Passion." which gives us St. John's account of the terrible eventsof thisgreatday. The Passion is sung, ason Palm Sunday, by three deacons (or priests), who each take it part, the choir sustaining, as before, the part of the multitude.

II.The Prayers.

The second part of the service coneists of supplication and petition. The idea of the Church in this action isto make intercession with God on this day for all classes and conditions of men. Whilethe Church bids us pray at all times for the conversion ofsinners and evildoers, on this day she makes public and official prayers for thowewho are enemiesof the Crossof

Christ. For mercy knowsno bounds; andourdying Saviour has given utter ance to the words, "Father, forgive them,fortheyknownotwhat the do.

The Celebrant sings eight prayers, each of which is prefaced by afew wordstoshow itsobject. Beforeeach prayer the deaconbids'us all kneel for amoment, and the sub-deacon

bins us rise, to show by thisbodily action our union in the petition made by the priest in our name. First comes the prayer for the Spouse of Jesus Christ, the Church of God; then the prayer

for the Vicar of Jesus Christ,the Pope happily reigning; then the prayer for bishops, priests, and other servants of the Church: then the prayer for catechumens; then the prayer for all in tribulationor danger; then the prayer for heretics and schismatics; then the prayer for the Jews; and, lastly, that our charity may embrace all human creatures for whom Jesus shed His Blood, comes the prayer for pagan's. Before the prayer for the Jews, the deacon refrains from bidding us to genuflect because they turned- this mark of adoration into an insult egainst Our Lord in His Passion.

III. Unveiling of the Cross.

Thethird action into-day's'service is reparation. The('hurchwill have us make what reparation wecan to Jesus .Christ for the ignominyof HisPassion

by showing honour and veneration to theCrossinmemoryof HisCrucifixion to-day. Accordingly, the Celebrant takes off his chasuble, the symbol of his priestly dignity,in order tobe the first to humble himself on this day of mourning. Ile receives the veiled Cross,and, standing at thesideof the Altar, he uncovers asmall part, raising it slightly for people to see, and singsinalowvoice:"Beholdthewood of theCross,.on which hung thesalvation of the world;" and all kneel to pay theirhomagetothesignofourredemption. Mounting nearer the Altar, he goes through the same ceremony a second time; and then, coming to the centre of the Altar, he removes the veilentirely, andlifting theCrossaloft singson ahigh note the same wordsa thirdtime,,inmemoryofOurSaviour's words:"When Ishall have beenlifted up. Iwill draw all things to myself." By this uncovering of the Cross is re. presented the gradual preachingtothe Jewsand afterwards to the Gentiles the great mystery of the Crucifixion, "to the Jews astumbling-block, and to the Gentiles foolishness."

TheCelebrant then places theCrucifixontheground, and,in tokenofhis humiliation and abasement, takes off his shoes, for the place whereon he standsisholyground, andgoestokiss the feet of the figure that represents his dying Saviour. As heapproaches, hekneelsthree timesandfinallykisses devoutly the symbol of our redemption. All who are present follow his example, either at this Crucifix or at one of the Crosses in the side chapels (accordingtoconvenience),takingcare tomakethreegenuflexjons(notmore), and making the third close to the' Crossitself, sothatastheykneel they cankissthefigure. Duringthistouchingceremony, the choir sings in plaintive chants the Reproaches, which bringbefore itsin adramaticway the rebukes, loving and gentle, addressed by Our Saviour to the Jews. Itwill helpusmuch to realiseto-day'sevents if weread these Reproaches,which our clear Lord addresses now to us.

IV.TheMassof thePresanctified. Weneed not delay longoverourexplanation of the fourth action in today's service—the mass of the Pre. sanctified. The candles on the Altar are now lighted in reverence for the coming Presence of Jesus Christ. The clergy go in procession to the Chapel of Repose,and bringbacktothe High Altar the Blesed Sacrament,which has been reserved in achalice since the \foss of yesterday. During the procession the choir sing the"Vexilla Regis" On this day alone throughout theChristian yeartheChurchsuspends the offering of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, that our thoughts may be wholly taken up with the contemplation ofthe one Sacrifice that wasconsummated to-day on Calvary. The Blessed Sacrament, which the Celebrant receives to-day, was consecrated (or presanetified) yesterday. Conse(Continuedon Page6.)

Why Holy Saturday Anticipates. the Resurrection

...

ASpecialSpate'of BlessingsontheChurch's Birthday

which leads these neophytes to the watersof salvation, even as the pillar of fire led the children of Israel to the saving waters of the Red Sea. When the Celebrant reaches the Baptistry, hesings the Blessingof the Font. Ile divides the water in the form of a cross, and scatters some towards the fourquartersof the world: hebreathes upon it, and invokes the grace and power of the Holy Ghost upon it. He clips the Paschal Candle three timer. into the water. The people are them sprinkled with this Easter water, and after this the holy Chrism and Oil of Catechumens is poured into the Font to mingle with the baptismal water. This completes the solemn Blessing of the Font, and after this the catechumens were formerly baptisedand then confirmed. After the Blessing of the Font the Procession returns to the Sanctuary, and the Litanies of the Saintsaresung, duringwhich the Celebrant and sacred ministers lie prostrate before the Altar. Towards the endof the Litanies the priestsrise and go totheSacristy tovest forMass.

II. The Mass,

As we have pointed out the foregoing ceremonies formerly took place (luring the night of Easter Eve, and the Massatwhich wearenowgoing to assist is really the Mass that used to beofferedatdaybreakonEastermorn, afterthe long vigil. Thiswill explain

Lent Ends in aPaean of Joy

(Continued from Page 5.)

quently, since there is no actual Sacrifice to-dap, this part of the service is called the"Mass of the Presanctified." When the Blessed Sacrament is brought to the Altar, the priest incenses It. Ile then turns to the peopleandbidsthempray(orate, fratres), and himself prays aloud, singing the Pater noster, he holds up for their adoration the Sacred Body of Our Lord, and then reverently receives It. To mark our mourning and confusion to-day, the priest does not remain at the Altar to say any public prayersof thanksgiving or to give ablessing, as inotherMasses; but ,

>traightwayleaves the Sanctuary. As soon as he departs, the Vespersare recited asyesterday, and the altars are stripped. The Sanctuary is empty, its light is gone, no lamps burn in any-

part of the church, the pictures are veiled; the naked Cross stands aonc to proclaim the mourning of the Spouse for the Crucifixion of her Lord, "They. shall mourn for Ilim as one mourncth for runonly son. and they shall grieve over IIim as is the manner to grieve for.the death of the first-1orn."

HOLY SATURDAY.

It was the practice of the Church from theearliestagesthatno Masswas said on Holy Saturday. For athousand years after the foundation of the Church it was the custom tospend this day in prayer and fasting, in watching in spirit with the Iloh Women at the Sepulchre until the morning of the Resurrection .1t midnight, (m Friday. the Divine Office for Easter Eve Domestic Problems Solved: By i.mericanBlueFlameStoves, AtW.A.Stove Co.,Wellington-street,Perth. B6307.

%vas sung; but the service and Mass that-we have now on Ilolp Saturday really took place on Saturday night, and extending till dawn on the Suit day morning, was the immediate herald of the Resurrection. As the sun went down on Easter Eve, the Bishop and clergy and faithful used to repair to the church for this office, and its magnificent functions occupied the whole night until sunrise on Easter Day. Weshould bear this in mind if we wish to enter into the spirit of this service, and if we would understand the many allusions we find in it to the night.. Another point torememberis, that the service of this night was specially ordained and fitted for the haptism of those converts, or catechumens, who had been previously found worthy of admission into the Christian Church. This will throw light upon the meaning of marrc of its ceremonies and prayers. We shall divide the scr vice into two sections: the Blessings aril the Masi.

I. The Blessings. The Church. as we remarked nn Palm Sundav, blesses and sanctifies everything she uses in her sacred functions. Holy Saturday is in aspecial manner aday of blessings, for it is in asense thebirthdayoftheChurch,The service begins, tint in the S:nucti.tary, Lutat the veryentrance to thechurch, where ncty fire, kindicd fro ,

naflint. i< blessed. From this the light is taken f.rthe candles and lamp< thrunghont the clnurch which were extingnished (m Good Frirlay. This was of first imporu-n-e in the Early Church, that the faithful might have light for the long night ceremony. Five grains of aucensc are then blessed, and the deacon lights atriple candle (in honnur of the Three Persons of the Adorable

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Trinity'), and leads the wav thr,.ugh the darkness to the Sanctuary ,thrice announcingashegoes"LumenChristi;" the Light of Christ. \Chest the Procession reaches the Sanctuary, the deacon,hints his song of triumph I

Exudtw. and sok-u-nly Hesscs the groat Paschal)tootle. This candle is of unusual`izv, standing alone, of apillarlike form: and in the ages when the service was held at night, shed ndim religious light over the Sanctuary during the long vigil. When lighted, it is the representation both of the pillar of fire which went before the people of God in their wanderings through the desert, and of the new-horn glory of Jesus risen from the grave. During this grand song of joy the deacon pauses three times: once to fix in the candle the five grains of incense in the form of across, which, by their num. ber, represent the Five AWounds, and, by their substance the precious spices which the holy wvomen brought to the Sepulchre this night to embalm the Body of their(lead i.ord; a second time. he pauses to light the newly blest candle; and athird time, while the lamps in the church are once more lighted. :After this Exultet come the Twelve Prophecies, which were print. arilyintended fortheinstructionofthe catechumens, who were to he haptised this)tight.

Then comes the blessing of the Baptismal Font. in front of the procession is carried the Paschal Candle,

why it is of such ajoyous character. The yesUnents are white the Gloria is sung, the bells ring out cheerfully, the organ is heard once more. Pictures and images are uncovered: flowers again adorn the Altar, which is decked in white. The Collect of the Mass makes intercession for the newly baptised,"the new offspring of Thy family." After the Epistle, the Celebrant intones solemnly three times the "AIlehtia,"Nvhic•h-is takenupbythechoir; theGospel relates tousthevisittothe Sepulchre of \fart' Magdalene and the other Mary at the dawn of clay. The Creed is not sung, as it used to Ile reserved for the second Mass which was sung later on Easter Day. The Kiss of Peace is still omitted, for it was not until evening on the day of the Resurrection that Jesus stood in the midst of Isis Apostles in the Upper Chamber in the Holy City and gave them ills peace. For the same reason the"Agnus Dei" is left out. When this Mass was appointed to be sung our the Saturday morning (instead of at the dawn of Easter Day), it was necessary that it shouldhe followed by Vespers. As the Service is already so long, the Church bids us sing, immediately after the Communion. Vespers containing one Psalm and the"Magnifieat' This now takes the place of the Post-Communion in other \Masses, and when these have been sung, the \lass concludes with the Blessing and the last Gospel according to St. John.

Catholicism.CametoAustraliainthePersonsof 154

'When Intolerance was Offical Policy

Fr. Therry's Struggles with Governors

Pioneering in Van Dieman's Land

The year 1791 introduced into Aus. Italia one hundred and fifty-tour Catholic's from Ireland. They were convicts tran

sported for political offences. So severely were they treated that only fifty of them were reported alive in the following year. Thus many of the first Catholics to come to Australia died without the assistance of a priest. In 1792 five Catholics who mere not convicts petitioned for a priest to minister to their spiritual needs. Their petition was refused.

In the LondonRecord Office thereis still to be seen two appeals by priests for permission todevote themselves to thereligiousneedsofthethreehundred Catholics atthat time living inAustralia. Theirserviceswere offered gratuitously. Bothpetitions were noteven answered. By 1801the numberof Ca. tholics in the colony rose to six himdred. Many of these were the men who participated in the'98 Irish rebellion. Among them were three priests, Father Ilarold, Father Dixon and Father O'Neil. These priests, arrested on suspicion and transported with. out atrial, were subjected to the full `rigours of prison discipline and denied the right to exercise their priestly duties.

We to-day who are everlastingly being reminded of"the tyranny of the Church of Rome," as our enemies like to term it, can look back in sor. row at the manner in which the early Catholic convicts were treated in Australia. Forthefirst failure to attend service in aProtestant church the Catholic convict was given twenty-five strokes of the lash; for asecond ab. stensionhewasgivenfifty; for athird he was transported to Norfolk Island. Thosewhohaveread"TheTermofHis Natural Life"canwellappreciatewhat indescribable agonies lay in store for the Catholic who strove to be true to his conscience. As one fair-minded Protestant put it:"In other coun tries the clergy have often been accused of takingthefleece,butNewSouthWales is the only country Ihave heardrised,

fin which they are openlyautho under aRoyal Commission, to take the hide also."

By is17 the Catholics y

efforts to gain permission from the BritishGovernment forapriestto officiate in New South Wales among the Catholics. They were successful,

On May 3, 1820, Father Therry arrived in Australia. Macquarie was still Governor. Father Therry took up his residence in the home of WilliamDavis. Fromherehesettowork to organise his parish. What atask lay before him we shall realise when we cnsider the vastness of the terri. tory overwhich he had toadminister; theditliculty ofbringinghisflockback to the practice of their religion; and the vexatious limitations placed upon him by the injunctions of the Governor. Every day this parish priest of Australia, as he was termed, could be seen riding on horseback visiting the homesofhis parishioners,arrangingfor the hearingofconfessionsandthe celebration of Mass. Much of his time was devoted to the care of the unfortun. ate convicts, whose miseries had in. citedhim,to leaveIreland.

Dear to the heart of Father Therry was the building of achurch. From the Governor he received agrant of land in unreclaimed bush country, awayfromthetown;butincloseproximity to the convict barracks. Upon this site to-day there rises in majestic elegance the splendid edifice of St. Mary'sCathedral. Thebuildingofthe church pleased Macquarie. Heprided himself that in his term of office so muchdevelopmenthad takenplace, It is recorded that whenlayingthe foundationstoneonOctober29,1821,ofthe firstCatholicChurchin Australia, Mac. quarie turned to Father Therry and said:"You know, Mr.Therry, that, although Ihave never laid the stone of aCatholic churchbefore,Iam avery old Mason." When Macquarie left Australia several months later he was much better disposed towards Catho lies than he had been hitherto.

who was recalled. Though Bourke was aProtestant, he was kindly disposer! towards Catholics. One of his first actswas toestablishthe principle of full religious equality for the whole Colony. His term of office, from 1S31 to 1837, marks the commence. ment of more glorious days for the Church in Australia. It is good to think that it was under an Irishman, the planner of the city of Melbourne, that the Catholics felt themselves free at last from all religious restraint.

Father Therry, FatherPotterhaving died, found himself with growing responsibilities. However,help came to him. Two more priestsarrived to assisthim. Later came Dr. Ullathorne.

Convicts

atalented young Benedictine, to take charge. Dr. Ullathorne, who in the succeedingyearslearnttoknow Father Therry very well, has this to say of him: "FatherTherry was quite anex• ceptional character. He was truly religions, never omitting to say Mass dailyevenunder themost difficultcircumstances; and up thecountry when he could find no appropriate roof for the purpose, he would have a tent erectedinsomefield,oronsomemoue tain side, lie alsosaid theRosaryis publicalmost every evening,gathering as many peopleas he could."

In 1835Dr. Polding came toSydney to act as Bishop. Dr. Polding, one of the most distinguished ecclesiastics Australia has had, commenced to or. ganise the growing Church into parishes. He relished the immense debt the Churchowed toFatherTherry.He had him reinstated as Government chaplain andarranged that as longas his jurisdiction continuedoverthe Colony, Mass would be offered for him once each week in St. Mary's Church.

In Van Dieman's Land, now known asTasmania,therewereathousandCotholic convicts, Father Therry was -assigned by his superior to their care. What he sawreminded him ofhisear. lierstrugglesinNew SouthWales.The Catholicconvictswere compelled toattend the Protestant services. At once, the full spirit of his Irish aggressiveness asserted itself. Into the orphan. age, where the Catholic children attended the Protestant services also,he forced his way. He was ejected, to return again and again. At last he triumphed:His rightto minister toall Catholics being fully recognised. He purchased asite and set to work to buildachurch! At thesame time he opened temporary Catholic schools. FatherTherry was never oneto worry 0

(Continued on Page8.)

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in Australia had grman to 0,000. Father Flynn, an Irish Cistercian, sailed as aprivate citizen to Australia, where on his arrival he called on Governor \lcquarie. His Excellencyreplied to hisdesire to act as priest that he wished to make all the convicts Protestants. Father Ith er

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asundeterred. Byetea he set about executing his mission. in thehomeof William Davis, aCatholic, he said Mass. His popularity spread n ,

, ht people. With the assistance ofsome Protestants the Catholics askedMacquarie that the priestbepermittedtoremaintoofficiate. Onc•ontpleting Mass the following Sunday, Father Flynn was seized and «,mere! into prison, from where, after weeks. he mm shipped hack to England. This wasasad blow to the Catholics of New South Wiles. But a rich rav of consolation remained. Father Flynnbad left the BlessedSacrament reserved in an old cedar press t

i, h,,,,,!William Davis. Before it always alamp was ever kept burn ing. Howoftendid the Ca

tholics pray ,h—cforarettmiofapriest.

And what of that brave Irishman, William Davis, whn had been twice flogged forrefusalto attend Protestant services? lie lived on until 1413 to see the Church firmly established with an Archdiorese rind several priests Ile left anestateoff^000(1 fouldwesee that hallneved spot where his house oncestood? Yes,over its site stands aSister of).ferry ronvent and a churrh dedirated to St. Patrick. Could any CatholievisitSydney and not sap aPrayer in that church'

The return ofFather Flynn to England incited the Church to renew its

It was in the term of office of Sir Thomas Brisbane, Macquarrie's successor, that the first Catholic school was built. Father Therry had thus foundedhisfirstchurchandschooland was looking forward to further extensions which he hoped would soon follow. However, when Governor Bris. bane was recalled, Governor Darling took his place. Darling at once revealed his dislike of Catholics by set. tingtoworktomaketheProtestantre. ligionthereligionoftheColony.Natur. ally he and Father Therry soon came into conflict. It ended in Father '('hurry being deprived of his official position of Catholic priest in the Colonv. This meant that the priest could no•longer visit the hospitals or the prisons. Darling's action denied mane Catholics apriest when they weredying. In 1520 Father Powerarrived from London, to act as the official Catholic priest. Because Father Power acquiesced too much to Darlintisdecisions. FatherTherry opposed him, Friction between the two priests made the affairs of the Faith run all 1,ut smoothly. However, thedawn of brighter times was near at hand. Li 129 Roger Therry-, aCatholic Irish. man, arrived as commissioner of the Court of Requests. Later he became Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales. JudgeTherry on every occasion championed the Faith to which he belonged. giving to his depressed brethren afeeling of strength and emidence. in 1931 another Irishman, Sir Richard Bourke,becameGoveninrin theplaceofGovernorDarling

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Uwecastoureyesoverthe'Protestantworld,we shallfind noother ministerofareformedChurchoccupyinga position of such dignity andweighted withsuch heavy responsibilitiesasthe Primate of All England. He takes precedenceoverall theKing'ssubjects except Princes of the blood royal, not excluding the Lord Chancellor. It is hisprerogativeto crowntheSovereign and, in spite of claimsput forward in this respect on behalf of the ArchbishopofYork,itseemstobenowestablished that he has the right to crown the Queen Consort also. He is metropolitan of a Province comprising thirty Sees. The Bishop of London is hisdean; the Bishop of Winchester his sub-dean; the Bishop of Lincoln his chancellor; the Bishop of Rochester his chaplain. His jurisdiction extends in certain cases to the Province ofYork, andhe is empoweredby Act of Parliament to confer apallium on its metropolitan. He may in certain eventualities suspend the jurisdiction of alocal ordinary and, it isheld by • goodauthorities, actually deprivehim.

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But there are further reasonswhich tendtoenhancetheprestigeoftheSee of Canterbury. The elasticity of the formularies which enshrine the faith and practice of the Anglican Church, though the source of conditions which sometimes verge on the chaotic at home, have extended the influence of that See abroad. For their veryambiguity enables its occupant without anyconsciousinconsistencytospeakto foreign Christians in two different voices. Cladinhis rocketandchimer he,may, as the chief pastor of a reformed Church, address his fellow-Pro. testantsontheContinent, eventhough the 'strength of the Anglo-Catholic party compels him todo so in asubdued accent. Alternatively exchanging his convocation robes for mitre, cope and pectoral cross, he can address theOrthodox Eastern Church as the headofone whosefaith isgrounded on the same creeds and Oecumeni. cal Councils as its own. One of the most significant changes in the religi-

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J. W.SHEEHAN, PRIME BEEF BUTCHER.

ous world which has come about since the beginningofthe presentcentury is the shiftingof thecentre'ofgravityof non-papal Christianity from the Bos, phorus to the banks of the Thames. If during the archiepiscopate of the elder Temple anyone had been asked to name the three mostimportantfigures in the Christian world, he(would probably have mentioned, firstly, the Pope; secondly, the Oecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople; and, thirdly, the Archbishop of Canterbury. If the same question were put to-day, most persons would place the Anglican Primate next after the Pope.

The circumstances that the See of Canterbury is now tending to become alink between Protestants and oriental Christianity, though it is undoubtedly the most important of the developmentswhichtheofficeof Primateof All England hasrecently undergone,is nottheonlyone. Athomeithasacquired anincreased influence owingto the diminution in the status of diocesin Bishops, brought about by the multiplicationofSees and through the centralising tendencies of the age. The questionmaybefurtheraskedhow far thisincreased prestige hasbeen dueto thepersonalcharacterofthe Primates. When Archbishop Longley died in 1868 the primacyhad for more than a hundred years been filled by mediocrities. During the last three-quarters of acentury it has been continuously occupied bymen of distinction, although not always by men of such force of character as the firstTemple.

Inthedomesticaffairsof theChurch of England the main task ofthe -

new Primate will be to devise a formula capable of bridgingthe gulf between thosenvho hold that a non-episcopal ministryisasgoodasan episcopalone andthosewholookonthemembersof the former as no more than laymen. Inthe wider field of inter-Church politics his problem will be thatof developing the improved relations which have grown upbetween the Churchof England and the Orthodox without givingumbrage toFree Churchmen.

the qualifications needed in aPrimate of All England, King George's grand. daughter neverventured to act in this high-handed way. The first vacancy at Canterbury which occurred in her reignwas thatoccasionedby Howleys parliamentary debate on Hampden's . death in 1848,on the eve of Y

critical appointment, LordJohn Russell, believing that the situation was one which demanded an antidote to Tractarian propaganda, called to the PrimacyJohnBirdSumner,theEvangelical Bishop of Chester. The appointment was all the more remarkable in that Sumner owed hisoriginal preferment to theTories. Fourteen yearslaterit fell to Lord Palmerston to find hm a successor. There was some doubt as to whether Longley, Archbishop of York, could be induced to accept the Prime Minister's offer on account of his age, and in the meantime Samuel Wilberforce strongly pressed the claims of Charles Sumner, Bishop of Winchester, brother of the deceased primate, aman older still. To get a thorough Churchman appointed. was beyond the hopesofHigh Churchmen, and the Bishop ofWinchester was the nextbestthing,aprelate"soundonall main points of the faith." Eventually Longley accepted, living on for six. years, atrial like hispredecessor and successor to the Puseyites. When he died the royal influence was the decisivefactorinthechoiceofaPrimate.

THETABLET.

Fr. John Therry

(Continued from Page 7.)

over money. He believed in building first, relying on the confidence of big flock to eventually clear the debts he contracted.

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Whenever anew appointment to Canterbury is made, it has been customarytosaythatitisacritical time for the Church,and on every occasion since the early part of the nineteenth century ashow of reason can be seen to have been behind it. When Howleywascalledto Lambeth thestruggle over Catholic Emancipation was nearing its climax. Twenty years later Sumner's appointment coincided with the storm created by that of Hampden's. Longley succeeded in an atmosphere made thundery by "Essays and Reviews;" Tait on the verge of Irish Discstablishment and the Ritualist attack on the Protestant conceptionofchurch worship. Itwaswhen Tait's mishandling of the question of Ritualism was bearing its evil fruit that Benson took his place,.to die in histurn otQliemorrowof thecondenr nation of his own orders by Rome. The first archbishop Temple was sum. moned to the primacy amid theangry feelings which this step had aroused, and he relinquished hischarge to Davidson amid still angrier ones caused by the recrudescence of the ritualist controversy owing to the activities of Mr. Kensit. Davidson's successor came to Lambeth atamoment when the House ofCommons had rudelydenied the Church of England's authority to settle her own form's of worship, while over the last appointment there hung the spectre of internal disruption brought into being by plans forreunion inSouthIndia.

In the exercise of his most important piece of ecclesiastical patronage the Prime Minister has performed a function which atone time appertained to the Crown. It is well known that the lastoccasion on whichdirect action was taken by the Sovereign in this matter was in 1805 when George III nominated to Canterbury his friend Manners-Sutton, without con: sulting Pitt, who was anxious to see his old tutor, the Bishop of Lincoln, fill the post. Deep as was her interest and strong as were her views on

In 1844 Dr. Willson was appointed Bishop of Hobart. Dr. Willson at, onceconsideredFatherTherrywasimprudent in committing the Church to soheavyanexpense. Adisputearose between them, Father Therry was suspendedandforbidden to attend tie. sickandthedying. Forthirteenyears thedifferencecontinued. PoorFather Therry1His money, his property, his books were taken from him to satisfy his creditors. His zeal for souls had outstripped his worldly pru4ence. Morningaftermorning he came tothe f church which he had built; but in which he was forbidden to say Mass, to pray. But he was not alone. Around him gathered the children of. Hobart Town. They and their parentshadnotforgotten thegoodFather Therry.

In

1846 it wasarranged for Father Therry to be aparish priest in Melbourne, then but asmall settlement. Here is adescription by acontemporary:"Duringhis stay in Melbourne his missionary labours were incessant, and anyone that could have seen him asIhave working unrestingh,

through both dayandnight,would wonderhow the small, spare,human machine could have physical endurance for half the material and mental toil it passed through." In1854hereturnedtoNew South Wales, He .car now growing old. Toil and,. careand time were leaving their mark upon him. In retrospect he accompanied the Church from its early beginnings through its vicissitudes to then, when itwasapower in theland with in Archbishopand Bishopsatits head. As parish priest of Balmain, Father Therrylived on till 1864. The twilightofhislifewascalmandbeautiful. In his last years he was always among his people. Recollections are' recorded of children stopping in the street to ask his blessing;of he himself helping the daughters of anoverworked laundress to carry home her basket ofclothes.

SopassedFatherTherry.uponwhom the Church conferred the titleofArchpriest. In thecryptofSt.MarysCathedral he lies alongwith the remains of his Bishop,the cultured and pious. Bede Polding. To him and to the hundreds of young Irish priests who came after himwe Australians owean everlasting debt.

St. Patrick's Day,,,Concert

Excellent Presentation in His Majesty's

St. Patrick's Day closed with the traditional Irish Concert in His Majes ty's Theatre, which was kindly lent fortheoccasionbySirBenjamin Fuller. IsisGracetheArchbishop,HisLordship the Bishop of Geraldton (Most Rev Dr. A. Gummer) and many of the metropolitan clergy attended. The house wasfilled to capacity. The programme was arranged by Rev. Fr, AlbertLynch.The piano waskindly provided by Nicholson's Ltd.

The programme opened with aselection of Irish airs played by the Junior • Orchestra ofthe Convent of Mercy Victoria Square, under the baton 01 Miss Marjorie Wyndham. The excellent timekept by thegirls and the lilt andvivacity of theirplaying wasmost pleasing. They were followed by the pupilsofthe LoretoConvent,Nedlands, whose Kerry Dance Orchestra and Dance from Humperdinck's "Hansel andGretel' gave evidence of careful training. The expressive dumb-show andthefast-movingrhythmswerevery well received.

Miss Noreen Edwards was heard to excellent effect in two violin solos: Vieuxtemps'"Reverie" and the traditional"Londonderry Air." Theyoung artists firm, rounded notes and virtuositygivepromiseofexceptionaltalent.

MissAlice Mallon, the Perthsoprano who has often delighted us in programmes from the A.B.C., rendered three well-known Irish songs and was loudly applauded.

The pupils of the Sacred IIeart Pnmary School, Iighgate Hill, followed with an Irish Ensemble (dances prepared by'Miss Peggy Esler). This pleasant item Kva's totally in keeping with the spirit of the evening.

Thefirst half of the programme was hmught to aclose with some Verse Speaking bythe pupilsofAquinas College, trained and conducted by Miss Lily Kavanagh. Thefirst number was

'Cat olio socid']

Gu1I1A

The end of the war is expected to usher in an era of peace and justice under what is vaguely termed the NewOrder. That there will be many changes in our economic system is very likely, and indeed desirable but it is by no means certain what form theNew Order will take,anditiseven doubtful, judging from some of the proposals put forward, if peace and justice will be our lot after all.

There are many suggestions advanced as cure-alls for a war sick world, only too prone, it is feared, to tall for something worthless or even hannrul, but lavishly ar(vertised, as aquick way out; as sometimes happens thecure mayturnouttohe worse than the disease.

Between the straight out advocate of untrammelied free enterprise and %thosewho hold that socialisation is the only way, there are some who while conscious of the factor absent in both theories, i.e., the consideration of God and His laws, are yet uncertain as to bow His laws should apply. In this respect Catholics are in the fortunate position of knowing where they stand in the matter: the Popes have shown, in no uncertain manner, tht principles ,by which a just economic system should by guided, and have exposed the errors inherent in both aselfish individualism and socialism.

The fateof the world,for some time to come, depends on the choice men will have to make in the very near future, and an attitude of laissezfaire mightvery easily landusinastate of affairs in which, either the many will be exploited by the few, as they were --before, or else we will become mere slaves of atotalitarianState(well fed perhaps, but at the price of our freedom). Neither alternative would

t; very well done, but was atrifle faint. "Christmas Bells.'.however, was excellent the bells effect being superb.. It wasapity thattheexplanatoryspeech which prefacedthis poem was losttoa good number of people in the back of the house.

The orchestra provided "Irish Fan. tasia"as an Entr'acte, and then the pupils of theSacredHeartHighSchool Highgate,treatedustowhat wasprob. ably the most spectacular item of the evening,"The Story of Dorothy May." The prcmntationof this tableaulacked nothing in thoroughness and imaginative preparation,and the frockingwas most effective. Once again the only discordant note was the inability of the children's voices to fill the vast auditorium.

Miss Mary Berne d•spl'ayed great talent in two piano solos—Chopin's "Waltzz in EMinor" and Liszt's"Liebestraum," Then by courtesy of the Irish National oresters we settled downtoafeastoftraditional IrishStep Dancing,thefirstofferingbeingaFourHand Reel (dance arranged and accompanied by Lorna Burke). The participantsinthisdance wereBernard Dwyer, James Jones. Florrie Schofield and NormaAtkinson. ))Miss Schofield also-danced"The Blackbird."

The audience was privileged to see in action the wint.er of the Juvenile TraditionalIrish ChampionshipNationalStep-dancing of W.A., 1945 (Joy Douglas) whodancedan IrishJig: also the winner of the Open Traditional Irish National Step-dancing Championship of W.A., 1945(Kelsie Hawkins) who obliged with an Irish Hornpipe,

The programme concluded with a group of Irish songs by John Sullivan. The well-known baritone was in good form and rounded off the eveningvery fittinglywithaburst ofinimitableIrish melody.

"No One"Has'".,Oppressed"the_ePoles As'Much as the Russians"_'-.Lenin

CONTINUING TZARIST POLICIES

The pre-war boundaries which the Polish Government demands as its natural right is one that was fixed on March,1921, at the Treaty of Riga, which Lenin referred to as"a voluntary and just agreement that will stand forall time.

The Treaty was signed by delegates of the Russian Soviet Republics; the White Ruthenian SovietRepublic, and the Ukranian Soviet Republic. Joffe, the Russian delegate, after paying tribute to the Latvian Republic (recently engulfed by U.S.S.R.) said: "We have been calmly negotiating a peacein Riga.,., None of thepeace treaties concluded by Russia and the Ukraine admitspreparations foranew war because none of them leaves any problems unsblved or solved merely on the basisofthe relative strength of the contracting parties as was former• ly done at theexpenseofsomenations concluding such treaties."

These frontiersdecided at Riga were recognised in March, 1923, by the Great Powers in accordance with Art. 87 of the VersaillesTreaty and at that time Lord Curzon was still Foreign Secretary of Great Britain. In April of the same year the frontierswere re. cognised formally by the U.S.A. `

The SovietGovernmentratifiedthem in the various Non-Aggression Pactsof 1932 and 1934,which should have last. ed till 1945. The frontiers were only questioned by the Soviet when her armies joined the German armies in invading Polandin1939and whenRussia and Germany mutually agreed on the complete division of Poland and on aRussianboundary similar to that proposed now by Mr. Churchill.

The Atlantic Charter?

Swimming Carnival.

Congratulations to the lads who won thevariouseventsat theC.B.C.Annual Swimming Carnival held recently at the Olympic Pool.

During the afternoon over thirty events were contested and the judges had an extremely busy time.

The two club ,

.are in full swing once again and Sunday and Wednesday nights are full of activity. Last week thefirstcombined dance andalso social for this year were held. Roth events were most enjoyable.

The Girls' Clubentertained the boys on Sunday after devotions with some thoroughly good items. The orchestra, however, was the boys own, and deserved the praise it received. give us justice and bath would make for conflictrather than peace.

It is here that the Catholic Social Guild fills an important role; for the social and economic ideas contained in the Papal Encyclicals tobe inanyway implemented, it is necessary, firstly, that they be thoroughly understood by Catholicsand, secondly, thatCatholics be able to impress others with their value. To achieve these objec. tives is one of the chief aims of the Guild, and it welcomes the co-operationof anyCatholic man irr-bued with the same ambition.

If you are interested in this work, you are invited to get in touch with the secretary,St. George'sTerrace, Perth.Those willing to help,but unable to take an active part, may help financially.

complete repudiation of the'termsof the,Atlantic Charter and of the Prime Minister's own definitions of freedom which he enunciated during arecent visit to Italy.

And the Soviet Government's new policy of territorial expansion and domination inFinlandand Poland and it'sconquestandabsorbationof Latvia. Estonia and Lithuania suggest that he has returned to the Imperial policy of the Tsars and completely abandoned the policy advocated by Lenin who said:

"No one has oppressetrthe Poles as much ashave the Russian people. The Russian people have served in the handsof theTsarastheexecutionerof Polish Freedom.

"Why should we,GreatBritain, who have been oppressing agreater number of nations than any other people, why should we repudiate the right of separation for Poland, the Ukraine, Finland?

"IfFinland,if Poland,if the Ukraine break away from Russia, it is nothing terrible. Wherein is it bad? Anyone twho saysso isaChauvinist. One must he insaneto continue the policy of the Tsar Nicolas. . Once upon,atime Alexander and Napoleon traded pea ples, once upon atime the Tsars were trading portion of Poland."' Are we to continue this policy of'the Tddrs? That would be repudiation of. international tactics,that would-be,Chauvinism of the iworst brand,.,.-,;,

"We say that boundaries.are.determined by the will of the'population,

.The proletariatmust not resort to force, for it must not interfere with the freedom of peoples, .No,repeople can be free that oppresses another."

The. British Government's declara. tion last

Imonth would seem to be a

And it would appear that l.ew;n's words quoted here, and his reiptarks on Poland's Riga frontiers are suffici. ent answer to the new claims for Po. land's Partition and dismemberment.

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"THESULLIVANS."

DarrylZanuckwhoisoneofthe"big noises" in Hollywood and who incidentally received an Academy Award on the Ifith inst. for "consistent high quality production" recently commented on the increased number of religious themes which abound on Hollywood's 1945 film'schedule. He says: "An upsurge of religious interest always follows in the wake of near. Proof is in our crowded cathedrals and village churches today. In every community, need for religious expresion is apparent and reflecting the mood of our times is the duty of motion pictures. If people want the renewed 6aith and comfort which inspiring films with religious backgrounds can give, then we shall provide them:"

Thisawakening,even though belated, is rather

heartening to us Catholics. Fortoolongnow wehavehad to suffer (not always in silence) the shallow, slovenly and most times pagan philosophy presented by the potentates of Hollywood in almostall theirofferings. The Holy Father, the U.S.A. Bishops in addition to many lay societies, etc., have made 4igourous protests repeatedly , but no great success can be claimed in the past. With the arival

"The Song of Bernadette" which can be safely described as alandmark inthehistoryofthemotionpictureand "Going My

Way" it appears that Mr. Zanuck and his fel_ow producers are quite capable of handling religious themes to the gener..l satisfaction of the film-going world if the box office is any criterion. At long last Irollywood has seen the light.

"The Sulivans" is in no way areligious film in the sense that it has a religious theme, but there is one interesting semi-religious aspect on which Iwould like to comment briefly. The story deal's with the five Sullivan brothers who joined the U.S.N. shortly after Pearl Harbour and were assigned to the same cruiser after making a strong plea to the Navy Board to be drafted to the one ship. The ship was sunk in afierce clash off the Solomons and the five boys along with most of the crew lost their lives. The film claims to be atrue biography (in the more important details, Ipresume) of the five boys. Now ayear or so ago it would have been told as the story of afamily of young American's and there would certainly be no reference to their religion. Hollywood in its awareness of the whole of life has shown the hrothers at their Baptism, later at their First Communion, and in acouple of scenes with the parish priest. This is adecidedly encouraging symptom.

Despite the tragic theme of the film there are many light and • ry hunt orous pasages. The many escapades of the brothers as hops such as their first

naval adventure in an old and rather badly repaired dinghy on the lake, their

acquisition of adog "apure bred mongrel" which "followed" them home (probably assi

sted by a stout long chain around its neck) and their ef. forts to improve the layout of their home during their parents' absence are all comic highlighte that are very entertaining.

Thomas Mitchell's portrayal of Mr. Sullivan is an excellent piece of work up to his usual high standard. The acting of the reA of the cast, although not at all times ahundred per cent, is quite adequate. Commendable restraint in the handling of this story is afeature. It could have easily been spoilt by over sentimentality which is not exactly unknown in Hollywood,

"The Sullivan.,

;" is well worth seeing. —GROUCH.

ASSEMBLY HALL

THEJOHNANSTEYSHOW,

"Back Stage" is the name given to the new musical comedy by John Anstey,presented by the Amateur Musical Club of Perth (T.A.M.C.O.P.) at the Assembly Hall from 12th to 24th March. Theproductionissponsoredby theCitizens' Reception Council,

The name of Anstey is attractingattention on an ever-increasing scale. OverthelastfewyearsPerthaudiences have frequently seen this young man in action, and the feeling is growing that Anstey has "got something." His latest champion is Lt.-Commander Pitt of the U.S. Navy, whose voice we hear issuing from the radio on Saturday afternoons when "softball," eta, interrupts the racing commentaries. Commander Pitt is enthusiastic about Anstey, says Hollywood will get him if he doesn't watch out.

Anstey's chances of reaching fame via Hollywood are probably about as good as Buckley's, bearing in mind the concentration of song-wrters, embryo producers men with ideas etc., whtca constantly holds the citad••I in siege. It is no secret that in order to sell w-ll asong hasgot to have something more than acatchy tune; it has got to nave aname behind it like Irving Berlin's, and apublicity build-up in the style of Cecil B. de Mille. Few people will pretend that Perth provides sufficient scope and opportunity for aman with talent in the show husiness; but that anyone'should so much as breathe the name of Hollywood to Anstey at this stage is sheer nonsense.

Anstey has talent. When thecurtain goes up on "Back Stage" you sort of take adeep breath and let it out slowly. The opening chorus and ballet are about as good as anything seen in Perth, and awhole heap better than what von were expecting. The music

MEN WEAR

SUITS, OVERCOATS, SPORTS COATS, TROUSERS, UNDERWEAR, HATS, SHOES, Etc....

Ascenefrom"TheSullivans;"nowscreening in the city and reviewed on this page.

and the singing are lively, the costumes and thelighting colourfuland the ballet is abevy of well-formed, v:ell-trained, good-looking girls. When you learn that Anstey has written the whole show, produced the show, trained theballet and chorusand attended to the orchestration of the musical numbers, you sort of sink back into yourseatandlet yourjaw drop.

There are well over adozen musical numbers—Ansteywrotethemall,music and words.The theme song is"Follow Your Heart," and included in the programme is the hit tune ("IWish That ICould Tell You")'from one of Anstey's previous successes, "Melody Cruise:' This popularlyric wasafinalist in an Australia-wide song competition. Itis sung very pleasantly by Joan Stanton.

Thegoodimpression achievedbythe opening item is maintained by successive sang-scenas of varyingappeal,but of aconstant high standard of presentation. Inallof these theballetand chorusplayeffectiveroles. The Harem Scene give's Pat Howard (comedienne) her greatest opportunity, and she makes fulluseofit. EndowedbyPicvidencewith suitable proportions she cuts areally comic figure as she descends laboriously from the throne she occupies as Queen of the Harem and begins toexecute acumbersome dance after the manner of ayoung elephant. This brings the house down.

When you comeout atinterval from the Anstey show the thought uppermost in your mind is that Anstey has "got something"; when you come out again at the end of the show you are prettyclosetofeeling thathecankeep what he's got. The reason for this change of heart is that you've grown weary of the endless repetition ofsong and dance followed by weak patter while the next tableau is being prepared. N'ou noticed theweakdialoguein the first half, of the programme, of course; butit didn't reallybegin topall until it became obvious that the second half of the show was going to he very much the same as the first. This isagreat weakness in theproduction..

Ihave been careful to give John Ansteyhis due in this review, because it is undeniable that he deserves a lot of credit for"Back Stage:" Many others deserve credit too—John Anstev'smother (Mrs. E. Cooper), who toiled with her helpers to turn out nearly200costumesofaveryhighstandard; thestage managers and their assistants; the lighting experts; the T.A.M.0O.P. chorus and ballet. For a fairly comprehensive list of all those whocontributed to the successful s.ag ing of the show it is handy to turn to the neat little printed programme, whereeventhepromptand thecallhov getamentionforperhaps i`efirst time on record.

One must 1-

e ', it ,,

ing link between t.hr,.;i•nerous scenes in thismusicalcumM,,

liow tiredwe becofe of the ranting "producer," of the pseudo-French'bill:tmistress," of -•r the pseudofn, "wa:u,obe mistress," of the temperl,rentz' ­oar of the revue. These and others are entrusted with the job of providing comiv relief and rendering intelligible the slender story oniwhich the whole loose fabric of the musical comedy hangs uneasily. The bestof themby far is the comedienne already referred to, and she, too, has several bad patches. Confronted by such an accumulation of lifeless drivel and slapstick horseplay, one is moved tothinkthatitwouldbebetter to cut out the libretto altogether and bring on the city tumbler between scenes.

On the moral side, the show is marred in afew places by referencesbordering on the indecent. It is agreat pitythatAnsteywasnotstrongenough to completely taboo anv hintofimpropriety, for on the whole, he seems to have striven earnestly to keep the showon arespectablelevel. Itis asad truth that suggestiveness is secretly if not openly, enjoyed by alarge section of the public, and the occasional lapses in "Back Stage" are evidently designed to meet this demand for "Spiciness." But it is also true that a wholly clean entertainment can be thoroughly enjoyable. No great artist ever yet added to his stature by transgressing the moral code.

Iwant to finish by reverting to a happier note. John Anstev is to be congratulated on his initiative, lie has alot to be thankful for in the way of natural talent, and none can doubt his capacity for hard work. Tt is to 1c hoped that his musical development will keep pace with his ambitions, and it is to be hoped also that along with technical ability he can lay claim to moral stability and the tenacity of purpose which makes for success of a high order.

—De Gustibus.

OUARANT' ORE

APRIL.

Sunday: 1st.—EASTER SUNDAY: Vacant. 2nd.—MIDLAND JUNCTION: Forty )fours' Prayer (6th 8th.).

3rd:-PALMYRA: One Day of Exposition.

—KELLERBERRIN: One Day of Exposition.

e

t. lov:cver and ,r point the lw_ at the-,tickss, humowless dialogue wl•: It `

n.s the connect-

Death of Archbishop Sheehan

Noted Scholar and Sociologist

:lrchbishop Sheehan, whose death ill Dublin occurred on the 3rd inst., was consecrated Coadjutor-Archbishop of Sydney on May28, 191.2. Ile had been Vice-President of Maynooth College since 1919 and was recognised as one of the outstanding scholars of Ireland. He was aclosepersonalfriend ofArchbishop Mannix.

Ile was born at Waterford, in December, 1870, and his early studies were madepartlyinprivate,andpartly at the Augustinian school at Dungarvan. Ile spent 18 months at St. John's College, Waterford,and then passed, in 1890, to Maynooth.

According toapressreportlast week `alarge number of former solders has made application for tuition in theology under the Commonwealth reconstruction training scheme. It is hard to know how to take this report.. It may be due as the report claimed "to the considerabe upsurge of religious feelingamongservicemen in the battle area," But this is not aview Ihave heard many chaplains support. A cynicmightjustas readily explain the phenomenon on the grounds that clerical life represents an easyTway of livingwithsuremoney. But therewould be certain disillusionment for any man who so thought.

What is more important is to know whether these men intend to study theology for its own sake or as apreparatory step to theministry. The report seemed to indicate that most of the applicants desired admission to theological colleges. In tht case of men professing arecognised form of belief the matterwouldbeeasy'ofsoution, ButwhatofthatverylargenumberwhoseviewofChristianityisutterly amorphous and who might propose to launch out as free-lances? Those who direct the reconstruction training scheme mould be on the horns of a dilemma as to whether to send them the works of Judge Rutherford, the Shorter Catechism, the Summa of St. Thomas on the 39 Articles. It is reallysodifficulttosticktotheideal of anon-dogmatic, non

-po

lemical Christianity. Because, with all the good intentionTs in the world of avoiding controversy, one plunges straight into the heart of afundamental argument when one starts out with the dogma that Christianity can be undogmatic.

That is the ditch into which the secularistshave fallen, and their only hope of extrication rests in the asinine plea that Christianity must constantly be restatedtosuit the mood of the times.

And, of course, since the world is ter. rified of doctrine of any kind, that moodneverveersevenslightlytowards dogma or authoritative interpretation.

So the blind fall back into the same uld ditchandwhowilldraw themout?

This same difficulty—the refusal of the secularists to see that their attr time isnecesarily sectarian in as mush as it embraces at least one dogma — persists in the matter of introducing even the most elementary religious in•trriction into the school and, of course, aFaculty of 9bco,ogv in our Universities is quite oai qi the question. Yet they are the most clam-

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orousofallaboutthiswarbungfought for Christian values, etc. while at the same time doing everything in their power to suppreas the ranee at home. Thefact would be sad ncughin itself, but it is intolernNe "%!,, bolstered up by cant.

Acorrespondentin ourmorning contemporary, under the nom-de-plume of Pertinax, drew attention tothemenace which Communism is to Australia. Of course, Catholics are sick and tired of hearingabout it. Theyhaveknown the danger for so long they have grown weary of repretition. But it is faintly humourous now to have so many of the people who for so long accused them of heresy huntingcoming at last

4

FRANCIS G ILBERT

oagreewith them. Pertinax mightbe onsidered as representative of this class,buthehad the grace topay pubictribute tothe Churchas"apowerful oil to these saboteurs.' We are grateul for such recognition, however beated. But the needofthe houris not ,

omplimentsbut allies. The Redmenace cannot bestemmedby words and infinitely less by people who aspire to goback to the old evilordereuphemisically called private enterprise, but moretruly to be dubbed privateprofit at theexpenseof thecommongood.

Isay we need allies. And on this issue the whole fortune of the battle rests. For in the past five years the disposition of the opposing forces his radically altered. Then we had acertain support, or at worst neutrality, fromtheotherchurches. Butthe Russian military successes have quickly driven many churchmen unanchored to areal philosophic foundation, into thearm'sof theReds throughtheirsubsidiary organisations. Som of them sincerely but mistakenly hope to regain agrip on the working class by being recognised as progressive, i.e., pink. So the Cathloic stands today isolated in the sameoppositionand for the samereasonsagainstthenightmare that has come out of Rusia.

Now, while he has lost allies of a sortin the ranksof the other churches he hasgained othersupportwhich isof adoubtful and embarrassing nature. ItdoesnotmaketheCatholicanymore confident of the outcome of the issue to know that behind him stand the dismayed ranks of a fear-ridden Capitalism. For these,men are more refugeesthan allies. Theyfightforthe wrong reasons and they add confusion to an otherwise clear-cut issue by supplying the unscrupulous propagandists of the opposition with the catch-cry thattheChurchstandswithCapitalism.

The truth, of course, is that we have strange bed-fellows of whom it is not easv to dis e

mbarrass ourselves.

This element is definitely damaging the integrity of the Catholic aims in the eyes of those who as yet own no definite allegiance. Unless they will purify their motives nothing can save them from the wrath to come—and 1, for one, feel it is very close. It is quite hopeles- to maintain apretence of unity of aimwhere thereare worlds dividingusin thematterofright intentions.

Ile wasordained in 1895,andshortly afterwards took apost-graduate course inclassicsatOxfordUniversity.Aftera brilliant concursus he was appointed to the chair of ancient classic's in Maynooth. Later, he studied at the German universities of Griefswald and Bonn; and in the latter institution he receivedthedegreesof M.A.and Ph.D. Some years later he got another doctorate, for Rome conferred on him an honorary D.D. In addition to his college work, he was, for many years, chief examiner in Latin under the In. termediate Board, and, later, he-was chief examiner in Greek. On the death of Mgr. Molloy be was elected to succeed him as Commissioner of Inter. me

diate Education. In 1919, he became Vice-President of Maynooth College.

Dr. Sheehan was an accomplished Gaelic scholar. Ile had early seen the value of the revival of the Irish lan. guage, and flung himself into it with characteristic thoroughness.

Dr. Sheehan'sname is widely known, as deservedly, for his text book on Apologetics and Christian Doctrine, which is widely used and valued as a textbookbysuchgroupsasthe Catholic Evidence Guild.

THE QUESTION OF LABOUR AIM

Archbishop Sheehan arrived in SydneyonOctober14. 1922.Fromthevery first, he took an active interest in all movements to perfect the Catholic schoolsystem, andit was he whocomposed theofficial statementofthe Australian Hierarchy on Education at the Adelaide Education Congress in 1936. While in Sydney, Dr. Sheehan wrote alsoa"Child's Book of Religion."composedafterconsultation withspecialists in Rome, France and Germany.

One important but little known aspect of Archbishop Sheehan'scareer in Australia was his social thought and teaching, especially on the question of socialism and socialisation. It was he

who mainly clarified the moral issues involved at theonset of theGreat De. pression, when the Labour Partycame to power, with its"socialisation objective."He reassured Catholics who paid allegiance to the Labour Party."Without any strain on his religious principles," he said,"the Catholic worker may safely continue his struggle for the improvement of his condition and for the removal of the economic evils in the State." Complete socialisation, hesaid,wouldbringcomplete ruin and "if the Australian Labour Party were, to stake its life on such an election platform, itwould simplybepronouncingitsdeath sentences."

iOn the question of compensation to enterprises,whichthe State decided to socialise, Archbishop Sheehan took a most advanced position.

"In these days of cartels and mono. polies," he wrote,"acasecan beeasily conceived in which'just compensation would fall very farbelow the value of the property taken over by the State. Iwould even venture to say that in some instances no compensation whatever need be given; rather that restitution for along series of iniquitous dealings with the public could be dem-anded."

After 15 years in Australia, Dr. Sheehan retired in 1937, and on his return to Ireland, devoted himself to theological, literary and especially Gaelic studies.R.I.P.

Established1874.

OfficialOrganof the Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressallcommunications to the Editor, BoxA3e,G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERiH, TELEPHONE: B6950.

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, ≥\MARCH 21, 1945.

Why Christ Died

During the course of Holy Week, the Church will celebrate the mysteries

of Our Lord's Passion and Death. The historical narrative<,fthe four Evangelists is read during HolyWeek, to revive inour minds the details of the dolorous path which Christ trod for the salvation of the human race.` For the most part, the story of the Passion is imprinted in Catholic minds and hearts from early infancy, but what is the significance

of the Death of Jesus Christ, what its necessity' It should be remembered that the"answer to such aquery involves the whole course of human history from the Fall of Adam to the endof time. The history, of the Jews clown to the time of the incarnation derives its full and chiefest significance in that it looks forward to Christ. From the

Jromise made to Adam after the first sin the long succession of ewish prophets adds each some line, some detail, to the portrait of the Messiah to come. The history of man since the death of Christ is regenerated and inspired with.neiv hope from the merits of Calvary's Sacrifice.

The fulfilmentof the Divine promise of redemption from the consequences of Adani's sin involved the offering of adequate satisfaction to the outraged majesty of God. Now the value

of satisfaction is tobe measured by the dignity ofthe person who offers it. Man, as acreature, could not offer to the Creator any adequate satisfaction for original sin. But what was impossible to man was made possible by thatmystery of God's Love and ,Mercy which we call the Incarnation. Through the power of the Holy Ghost and the cu-operation of the Illcsscd Virgin, God the Son became man. United in the person of Jesus Christ were two natures, one human and one divine. Hence, as man, Christ could stand as representative of the human race —

the second and greater Adana. Vet more, as God, His satisfaction was of infinite worth. Hence, by the Incarnation. the human racy was placed within reach of that satisfaction which the infinite justice of God demanded and His infinitemercy made possible,

•

Though the Incarnation aas ueces,ary, if an adequate satisfaction Nvas to he made for man's sin, yet the Mau-God could have wrought tile, redemption of humanity apart from the sufferings and death which, in point

of fact, lie chose. It ryas, however, in the pre-ordained plan of God that Christ should bring salvation to the world through the bitterness of His Passion and His Cross. By this excess of Charity, Christ gave to men an incomparable proof

of His bwe. He plainly exposed, too, the heinousnessofsin,and reversedthe sentence ofdeathwhich Adam had incurred for His children. Above all, Christ, by His Passion and Death, aimed to establish His kingdom in the hearts

of men. "I, if I he lifted up, will draw all things to Myself." So the Church, though she mourns in the sorrows of her Lord, vet regards the Cross as the symbol of victor -

.She points to it as a symbol of unique hope—"in line signo vinces" As lye contentplate the sufferings of the Saviour during Holy Week, not the least of our reflections should he those of heartfelt gratitude and thanksgiving to God, "Who so loved the world, that He gave His onl- begotten Son" for its redemption.

ST.

MARY'SCATHEDRAL!

TIME TABLE FOR WEER.

PALMSUNDAY:

10.45 a.m.: Solemn Blessing of Palms,followedbySolemnHigh Mass.

7.50 p.m.: Evening Devotions. Preacher: Rev, Fr. Sexton, C,SS.R.' SPY WEDNESDAY: OONFESSIONS:12noonto1p.m. apros; to6p.m. AfterTenebrae.

7.90: p.m.: Office of Tenebrae, Preacher: A Redemptionist Father,

HOLY THURSDAY:

6.45 a.m. to 8.30 a.m: Holy Communionwillbedistributed.

9.30 a.m.: Pontifical Mass and Consecration of Holy Oils.

7.30 p.m.: Office of Tenebrae. Preacher: Rev, Fr. Goodman, M.S.C.

GOOD FRIDAY:

10a.m.:Massofthe Presanctiffed. Adoration of the Cross and PassionSermon.Preacher: Rev. Fr.Depfassi.

3p.m.: Stations of the Cross conducted by aRedemptorisi Father.

7.30 pm.: Office of Tenebrae. Preacher: An Oblate Father. Confessions Will Be Heard After Tenebrae.

HOLY SATURDAY: Ceremonies. commenceat.9.a.m.

CONFESSIONS:12noonto1p.m. 4pun.to6pm. 7.30p.m.onward

EASTERSUNDAY:Masses

at 7, 8,9,10and11a.,m.(Pontifical).

Preacher at 11 a.m. Rev. H. Later.

Evening Devotions, 7,30 p.m.; Preacher:. Rev.. Fr, .Sexton, C,S.S.R.

Catholic Teachers' Guild

Next meeting of the Guild takes place at Bacton House on Monday, March 20th, at 8p.m. It has been decided that for. the present the Monday evening meetings!will take the form of aStudy'Circle. Next meeting it

is proposed to deal with"The Teaching of Scripture in School and its Approval."

The Annual General Communion of the Guild will take place on Newman Sunday.

Volunteers are needed for hospital visitation.Would membersfreetovisit the Children's Hospital on any Sunday pdease sign the

llo'=ital List posed in the Guild Room.

We would be pleased ifany country, members or prospective members who, havenot hadany communication from the Guild this year get in touch with the General Secretary. Mr. J. McPherson. 10 Duncan Street, Victoria Park.

THE THIRD MONTH.

March

is the third month. Is three your lucky number? Try it. The No, 248B Charities Consultation is offeringafirstprizeof£2,000. Buy aticket today.

HOLIDAY RESORTS

MASS TIME TABLE.

Cotteslos: Sundays: 7a.m.: 10 a.m.

North Beach: 8.15a.m.: every Sunday until further notice.

-Rockingham: 9a.m., March 25, and April (Easter Sunday).

Safety Bay: 9a.m.,March 18.

'

too

1 4

ArcObioctoo ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

i

11 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral., Sol• emnlyblesspalmsandpresideatSol. emnHighMass.

7.30 p.m.: Confirmation and Visita• tionatOur LadyHelp ofChristians Church, East Victoria Park.

March28(SpyWednesday)7.30 p.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral, Pre• side at Officeof Tenebrae.

March29(HolyThursday)9.30 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral, Pontificate.

7.30 p.m.: Preside at Office of Tenebrae.

March30(GoodFriday)-

March 31(HolySaturday)-

8.15a.m.: St.Mary'sCathedral. Pre. side at Solemn High Mass.

April1(EasterSunday)—

It a.m.: St.Mary'sCathedral. Pon tificate.

April8(LowSunday)— StMar'sCathedral,8a.m.,Celebrate Mass on the occasion of the Annual General Communion of the Newman Society.

April15— Bless the extensions to Joseph's School, Albany.

April 29—

Canonical Visitation and Confirma. tion at St. Joseph's Church, Queen's Park, May6—

Official opening of Marian Lodge, Kalamunda.

SPECIAL COURSE OF LENTEN SERMONS.

The course of Lenten Sernxots at St. ,Mary's Cathedral,willhecontinuedby Rev. Father

J. Sexton, C.SS.R, onSunday,evening,March 25

PAPAL BLESSING ON EASTER SUNDAY.

The Papal Blessing will be given at theconclusionofPontificalMassinthe Cathedral, commencing at 11 aan. oa EasterSunday.

Court View on Contraceptives

The insistence of awife on the use of acontraceptive is contrary to the publicpolicyoftheStateofNewYork, and is such aviolation of her obliga. tionsunderthemarriagecontractasto preclude her from obtaining asepara. tion and support.

This decision was handed down by the New York Supreme Court in dis• missing the complaint of a Queen's County wife.

The Court's decision said:"Awife who demands benefits under the mar• riage contract must prove that she is willing to discharge her obligations under it," and that"the refusal of a wife withoutadequate excuse to have ordinary marriage relations with her husbandstrikesatthebasicobligations of the marriage contract.

"Notwithstanding widely divergent religious, sociological, economic, psychological andphysiological viewpoints as tothe use of contraceptives," the opinionalsostates,"the statutes and court decisions of the State of New York clearlyindicate disapproval.

I r I

HOLY

Sacred Ministers for Holy Week

Ceremonies , ,

Despatch of Holy Oils:

NOTE

As son}e alterations have been made in this list since the last issue of the "Record," the Priests are requested toreadit again. ,All metropolitan Priests are expected to attend the ceremoniesin the Cathedral on Holy Thursday and Good Friday mornings.

With regard to the Office of Tenebrae and the ceremony on Holy Saturday only those listed for duties at these function need attend.

PALM SUNDAY:

Function commences at 10.45a.m.

His Grace the Archbishop will solemnly bless the palms and preside at Solemn High Mass. , Celebrant of the Mass: Rev. H. Lalor.

Deacon: Rev. J. Murphy.

Sub-Deacon: Rev. P. Donnelly.

Assistants at theThrone: Rev.J. Wal• lace and Rev. E. Kennedy.

Assistant Priest Rev. J. O'Farrell.

Deacons of the Passion:

Narrator: Rev. E. Sullivan.

Synagogue: Rev. J. McGillicuddy.

Christus: Rev.F. O'Connor.

SPY WEDNESDAY:

Office of Tenebrae—commencing at 7.30 P.M.

Assistants at the Throne: Very Rev. E. Kennedy and Rev. E.Collins.

Chanters: Rev. T. Ahern and Rev. J. J. Rafferty.

Lamentations:

First: Rev. T. Prendiville.

Second: Rev. H.Lalor.

Third: Rev. J. McGillicuddy.

Lessons:

IV.: Rev, R. Kelly.

V.: Rev. T. Ahern.

VI,: Rev. F. O'Connor.

VII.: Rev. P. Kelliher.

VIII.: Rev. J. Murphy.

IX.: Rev. J. Wallace.

Choir for Tenebras:

Revs. T. Ahern, J. Wallace, W. Costelloe, J. Depiazzi, J. O'Dwyer, R. Kelly, P. Kelliher, T. Perrott, S.J„

11. Lalor, J. McGillicuddy, J. T. MMahon,J )Murphy,C.Nolan,G.O'Cal. laghan, F. O'Connor, V. O'Sullivan, T. Prendivile, S. Hawe, P. Woods, 11. Delahunty.

HOLY THURSDAY:

Function commencesat 9.30 a.m.

Celebrant: IlkGrace the Archbishop.

Archdeacon: Rt. Rev. Monsignor B. Fagan. V.G.

Assistant Priest: Very Rev. E. Kennedy.

Deacons at Throne:VeryRev.E.Moss. and Very Rev. 1'. IIaugh, O.AII

Deacon of Mass: Rev. F. O'Connor.

Sul•Deacon: Rev. R. Kelly.

n Twelve Priests of the Holy Oils: Revs. J. T. McMahon, J. Wallace, J. Dunne, P. C. Smith, J. McCormack, G. O'Callaghan, J. P. Brennan, J. Lynch, E. Collins, an Oblate Father, aRedemptorist Father, and aJesuit Father.

Seven Deacons of the Holy Oils: Revs. II. Brennan, J. Depiazzi. E. Sullivan, C. Nolan, J.J. O'Dwyer. G. O'Leary,andaRcdemptorist Father.

~Seven SubDeacons of the Holy Oils

Revs. T. O'Kane, W. Costelloe, \t, Delahunty, V. O'Sullivan, M. Diviney, an Oblate Father, and aJesuit Father.

Chanters:

Rev. T Ahern and Rev. J. McGillicuddy.

Sub-Deacon Cross Bearer: 'Rev. P. Donnelly.

Choir for HolyThursday Morning: Revs, T Ahern, T. Prendivile, V. Kelliher• JMcGillicuddy, IMurphy, J. Doyle, IT.Lalor, P. Woods, N.B.: The Priests, Deaconsand Sub. Dencons of the Holy Oils will please bring their own vestments. They will vest before the Masscommences. The colour is white. The vestments required: (1) By the Priest are: amice, - surplice, stole and chasuble. (2) By the Deacons:Amice,surplice,stole and da'.matic. (3) By the Sub-Deacons: Amice, surplice, and tunicle.

The following will.be responsible for the preparation of the Holy Oils for despatch: '

Very Rev. E. Kennedy Very Rev.J. Wallace, Revs, J M(;dillicuddy, P. Donnelly;J. O'Farrell, T. Ahern, J• Depiazzi, J. Murphy, J. Doyle, J. Brennan, and T. Prendiville.

Office of Tenebrae--commencing at 7.30 p.m.

Assistantsat theThrone: Very Rev,E. Kennedy and Rev. E. Collins. Chanters;'Rev. T. Ahern and Rev. J. J. Rafferty.

Lamentations:

First: Rev. T. Prendiville.

Second: Rev. H. Lalor,

Third: Rev.J. McGillicuddy.

Lessons:

IV.: Rev. J. Wallace.

V.: Rev, J Rafferty.

VI.: Rev. J. Depiazzi.

VII.: Rev. R. Kelly.

VIII.: Rev.J. O'Dwyer.

IX.:VeryRev, J. T.McMahon. Choir for Tenebrae will be the same as on Spy Wednesday.

GOODFRIDAY:

Function commences at10a.m.

Lector: Very Rev. J. Wallace.

Celebrant: Rev. H. Lalor.

Deacon: Rev..J. Murphy.

Sub-Deacon: Rev. T. Ahern.

Assistants at Throne: Very Rev. F. Duffy, C.SS.R.., and Very Rev. T. Haugh, O.M.I.

Deacons of the Passion: As on Palm Sunday. Office of Tenebrae—commencing at 7.30p.m.

Assistants at Throne: Very Rev. E. Kennedy and Rev. E. Collins.

Chanters: Rev, T. Ahern and Rev. J. J. Rafferty.

Lamentations:

First: Rev,T.Prendiville.

Second: Rev. H. Lalor.

Third: Rev. J. McGillicuddy.

Lessotu:

IV.: Rev. NJ. Delahunty.

V.: Rev. S. Hawe.

VI.: Rev.. P. Woods.

VIL: Rev. C.Nolan.

VIII.: Rev.W. Costelloe.

IX.: Rev. T. Perrott, S.J.

Choir: As on Spy Wednesday.

HOLY SATURDAY:

Function commences at 9a.m.

Assistants at Throne: Very Rev, E. Kennedy, Rev. E. Collins.

Celebrant: Rev. F. O'Connor.

Deacon:Rev.T. Prendiville.

Sub-Deacon: Rev. P.Donnelly.

Chanters: Revs. J. McGillicuddy and Rev. J. Rafferty.

Lessons: Revs. II. Lalor, JRafferty, W. Costelloe, J. O'Farrell, J. Murphy, E. Collins, II. Brennan, J, McGillicuddy, J. Depiazzi, E. Kennedy-, P. Kelliher andJ. Wallace.

EASTER SUNDAY:

Function commences at 11 a.m.

Celebrant: His Grace the Archbishop.

Deacon: Rev. J. McGillicuddy.

SubDeacon: Rev. II. Brennan.

Assistant Priest: Very Rev. E. Kennedy.

Deacons at Throne: -

Revs. II. Lalor and P. Donnelly.

Masters of Ceremonies throughout Holy Week: Rev. J. J. Rafferty and Rev. J. P. O'Farrell.

1. Those priests taking part in the ceremonies of Holy Week are advised that they will receive no notice or reminder other than the publication of their names in the above list. They are particularly requested to be present in good time before the commencement of the function in which they are taking part and, in the case ofthe Priests, Deacons and Sub-Deacons of the Holy Oils, to come provided with the vestments required by the office to whichtheyhave beenappointed.

2. Priests, except those on ceremonies will vest in the Chapter Hall.

3. The morning ceremonies in the various parishes should he over sufficiently early to enable the priests to attend the Cathedral.

4. Priests appointed forany function in the Cathedral must provide asub stitute if unable to attend.

Music-in,the Cathedral During Holy Week

PALMSUNDAY—

Ecce Sacerdos Magnus—Palestrina ( XVI cent.)

Hosanna Filio David—Gregorian Chant.

In monte Oliveti—Croce (XVIcent.)

Pueri Ilebraeorum—GregorianChant.

Gloria, laus et honor—Greorgian Chant.

Ingrediente—Gregorian Chant. Proper of theMass—Praglia.

The Mass "Orbis factor" Vittoria.

The Offertory ("Improperium")— Mitterer. (The part of the crowd,or rabble, will'be sung by the choir this year).

TENEBRAE (Wednesday Night)— 'Responsorium 11)"InmonteOliveti" —Croce.

Responsorium (2) "Tristis est"— Croce.

Responsorium (3) "Ecce vidimus" —Praglia.

Responsorium' (4) "Amicus meus' —Praglia.

Responsorium (5) "Judas mercator" —Vittoria (XVI cent.)

Responsorium (W "Unus ex discipulis"—Vittoria.

Responsorium (7) "Eram quasi agnus'"—Palestrina. Responsorium (8) "Una hors" — Praglia.

Responsorium (9) "Seniores populi" —Vittoria. Benedictus—Palestrina (5parts). "Christus factus"-Gregorian Chant. "Miserere"—Dentice.

HOLY THURSDAY MORNING

Ecce Sacerdos—Palestrina, The Mass—"Orbis Factor"—Vittoria. Pange Lingua—Gregorian Chant. Tantum ergo—Palestrina. Motet at the Offertory."O Sacrum Convivium" (Viadana).

HOLY THURSDAY—PENEBRAE

Responsorium (1) "Omnes amici mei '—Pragalia. Responsorium (2) "Velum templi"— Croce.

5.Allmembersofchoirarerequested to attend (with LiberUsualisl apractice, whichwill beheldin theChapter Hallat 4p.m. onTuesday,Karch27.

6. All priests in Sanctuary are expected toanswer all Responses.

7. Deacons and Sub-Deacons (luring Hofy Week are requested to use the ad libitum tones for the Gospel and Epistle.

Archbishop.

Responsorium (3) "Vines mea"— Ingegnerius(XVI cent.)

Responsorium (4) "Tamquam ad latronem"—Vittoria.

Responsorium (5) "Tenebrae •tsetse esunt"—Vittoria.

Responsorium (0)"Animam meam— ' Praglia.

Responsorium (7)"Tradiderunt me" —Praglia. ' Responsorium (S)'tJesum tr:ulidit" —Pragalia. -'"

Responsorium (9) "Caligaverunt"— Vittoria. Renedictus'—Palestrina, Christus [actus—Gregorian•Chant. Miserere—Dentice.

GOOD FRIDAY—

MASS •OF THEPRESANCTIIRIID.

The Properof the Mass—Praglia. '

Improperia (The Reproaches) -Palestrina—for double choir. ' Motet after the sermon. "O vos omnes"—Vittoria.

Vexilla Regis(Gregorian Chant).

GOOD FRIDAY—PENBRAE— .

Responsorium (U "Sicut ovis" (Ds. C. Edgar Ford).

Responsorium (2) "Jerusalem surge' (C. Edgar Ford).

Responsorium (3) "Plange" (C. Edgar Ford).

Responsorium (4) "Recessit pastor nosier"—Praglia..

Responsorium (5) "O vos omnes"— Vittoria.

Responsorium (6) "Ecce quomodo motitur'—Vittoria.

Responsorium (7)•"Astiterunt regea terrae:" Responsorium (8) "Aestimatua sum"Praglia.

Responsorium (9) "Sepulto Domino" Vittoria. Benedictus—Palestrina. Christus Eactus—Gregorian Chant. 1liserere—Dentice.

HOLY SUNDAY—

Everything inGregorian Chant. EASTERSUNDAY—

Mass in D. Minor (C. Edgar Ford). Ecce Sacerdos(C, E. Ford). MotetattheOffertory"ReginaCoeli" (Loth),.

Sequence (GregorianChant). The CathedralChoirwill be conducted by Rev.A. Lynch. The organist will be Miss Frances Moran.

Catholic Broadcasts

Sunday,March26 (7.30p.m., 6WN): Broadcast of Evening Devotions from the Cathedral. Preacher, aRe. rlemptoristFather.

The Catholic Answer: F.very Sunday night at 9p.m., Stations BPR and BTZ.

...flowdome'ViewstheburopeanSituation

Britain'sFuture &AmericanAberrations

Fears of Russian Designs

(William C. Bullitt, U.S-A. Ambas. sador to Russia from 1933.1936, and to Francefrom1936.1940,haswrittenaremarkableaccountofhowtheEuropean situationisviewed at the Vatican and in Rome. Mr. Bullittduringhisvisit toRomewasgiven an audienceby the Holy Father. The account was written in aissue of the American magazine"Life," and the full text hasonly just become available to us.)

Itis important to note that there is nothing official in the story,nor that it can be said to represent any officialorsemi-officialVatican view, Moreover, it was written four months ago, and it is interesting to consider how far thingsmay have changed since the time when it was written.

Its chief value lies in the fact that it is an expert piece of reporting by awriter to whom most sources of in. formation were open and trained to shrewd judgment in the international field.

The original article is nearly 4,000 words in length and we can only give the more interesting extracts.

From the Vatican spreads throughout Rome, quietly and naturally, p comprehension of the place of each

new event in the world picture, Mr. Bullitt wrote. What is that picture as seen from Rome?

The prestigeofGreatBritain isenormous in Italy. The will of the BritishCommander-in-Chiefbf the Mediterranean area,Sir Henry Maitland Wilson, is lane throughout all liberated regions of the peninsula. But it is recognised that the power of Great Britain, in comparison with the strength of other great Powers, is no longer what it was in the nineteenth century.

In the Italian view Great Britain will emerge from this war atired victor—much of her financial power lost, herpre-waroverseasinvestmentsgreat. ly diminished,her debts abroad per. haps fourteen billion dollars,unable therefore to finance the reconstruction of Europe.

In Rome it is hoped that the vital interests of the U.S. will compel our supportofGreatBritainandthe other democratic States of Western Europe. But the Romansareby nomeanssure that we recognise our own interests or what should be done to implement them. Theyarepuzzledbywhatthey consider aberrations in American pol.

icy, They know that it was necessary for the U.S.tosend'supplies ofall sorts to the Soviet Union when Hitler broke with Stalinandattackedin 1941. But they believe thatwhen future historiansdraw up the major mistakes in thisnear,ahighplaceamongtheerrors willbegiventothedecisionof theAmerican Government in the summer of 1941, when Mr.Hopkins was sent to Moscow to ask no promise of the Soviet Government respecting the independence of the States of Europe.

The Italians look beyond the end of the fighting withlittle hope and much fear, because they are afraid that the withdrawal of American and British forces from the Continent will leave thematthemercyoftheSovietOnion. And they judge the quality of that mercy by the Russians' treatment of the Poles.

TheRomansexpecttheSovietUnion to dominate Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary andCzechoslovakia. They expect the Russians to use varied methods in establishing control and to avoid setting up Communist Governments immediately in countries where Communistsarefew. Theyexpectthe Soviet Union 9t first to insist only on the installation of a "genuinely friend. lydemocraticGovernment,"i.e.,aGovernment under which the Communists will be at liberty to organise themselves. This was the method employed by the Soviet Government to annex Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

The Romans expect this method or some variant of it, tobe employedby Soviet imperialism in the case of Fin. land, They believe that Finlandmay be treated as politely—at first—as Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were treated—at first—but they feel sure that in the end Finland will be swallowedby the SovietState.

Eastern Poland, as well as Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, they expect to be incorporated immediately in theSoviet Union. The remainderof Poland they believe will be set up as aso. called independent State with no more real independence than the Ukraine.

The Italians, being of the same race as Machiavelli, cannot conceal a regretful admiration for the skill with which Poland is being subjected to the aims of Sovietimperialism. They ex. pect that, besides eastern Poland, the Russians will also annex East Prussia, including Konigsberg, as far as aline to the east of Danzig; but to give to the-so-called independent Poland all eastern Germany as far as the river Oder. The Romans point out that this will give Moscow control as far as the Oder, since the PolishGovernment will be controlled from Moscow and in addition will turn Germanhatred more againstthe Poles than against the Rus• signs.

It is believed in Rome that the So. viet Union and Great Britain already have made adeal whereby Rumania will becontrolled by the Soviet Union, while Greece will fall into the British sphere of influence. Hungary, the Romans believe, will be occupied by the Red Artny which will rapidly eli. minq,te thesmall Hungarian upper and middle classes."Genuinely friendly de. mocratic Governments" will be install. ed loth there and in Rumania, under whose protection efficient Communist parties and administrations will be organised. The Romans believe that both Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia will be similarly controlled, but they are

not so sure about the fate of Yugo. slavia, Yugoslavia is the next-door neigh. hour of Italy, and the Italians have amplydocumentary proofthatthe So. vietUnionhasused,andisusingevery means within its power to set up in Yugoslavia aCommunist Government controlled from Moscow. This they understand. But they do not under. stand British and American policy in Yugoslavia.

They are even more frightened by the prospect that their northern neighbour, Austria, may fall under the control of Moscow. Bolshevists on the Brenner would, they fear, mean Stal. inism soon in Lombardy. They know that the people of Austria to-day are, in the main, divided politically between Communists who take their orders from Moscow and monarchists who work and pray for the return of Otto of Hapsburg. The Italians have becn amazed in recent months to hear the Moscow radio advocating Otto's return. This they interpret to mean thatStalin is ready toacceptOtto, for atime, in order to gain the months needed to build up and arm the Communist Party. r

The Italians expectGermany to lose all her territories east of the Oder to Russia and a Moscow-controlled Poland, They suspect that the Soviet Union will be in aposition to set up any sort of aGerman State it may prefer between the Oder and the Elbe. They trust that the British, the French and the Americanswill be able to keep all Germany (vest of the Elbe r out of Communist control, and will somehow set up ademocratic Government in the area and attach it by strong economic and ideological bonds to the western world. They believe that western Germany from southeastern Bavaria to Hamburg is vital to western Europe, and they feel that if it should be lost there would be insufficient strength left in the west to resist the pressure of Soviet imperialism Their hopeistosee gatheredin loose association by the British: Turkey, Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, Austria, western Germany, France, Belgium, and Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Spain and Portugal—and, of course, themselves and all the States of the Near East and North Africa. They do not claim that even this dream meanslasting peace. But they do claim that its realisation -would give Western civilisation a fighting chance for survival.

The most the Italians hope for is a relatively minor place.in a menaced Western Europe. And they are not atall sure they will achieveeven that, since they have good reason to fear thatItaly may be captured from with-in by the Communist agents of Moscow.

There are many signs in Italy that if the British and ourselves pull out prematurely the Soviet Government will step in. Several months ago, a few days after the return to Italy of Togliatti, alias Ercole, from Moscow, 25,000,000 lira suddenly appeared to the credit of the Communist Party in abank in Naples.

The lines of battle may already be discerned. The Liberals, the Democratic Labour Party and the Christian Democrats will stand for Parliamentary democracy and large social reforms, The Communists will suit their tactics to the moment—charging all the traffic will beni. At this momcnt it seems likely that they will not risk armed revolt.

But there is apermanent factor in Italian life which they will find diffi-

(Continued on Page 15.)

3 Stores For Service

•Catholic

C.G.M. Girls' MOVEMENT

Headquarters and Club Rooms:

(tank of N.S.W. Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7.10, First Floor.

TELEPHONE: B4836.

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES-

"MONDAY:

Shorthand; 5.15 p.m. to 6.30 p.m.

Liturgy:8p.m.

TUESDAY: Physical Culture; 7-8 p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. to 6.30 p.m.

Dressmaking: 7p.m.

Arts and Crafts: 8p.m.

Red Cross, E.S.C.: 8p.rn.

THURSDAY: MASS: 8a.m.

EXPOSITION all day.

BENEDICTION: 5.15 p.m.

Choir: 8p.m.

`RRIDAY: Softball pracise: 5.15 p.m., on the Esplanade.

SATURDAY: Kalamunda Busy Bee: 1.15bus.

Tennis at Robertson Park: 2p.m.

SUNDAY: Tenis at RobertsonPark:2p.m.

11

EuropeanSituation

(Continued from Page 14.)

cult toovercome. Itisnot the House of Savoy, for King Victor Emmanuel is totally discredited and Prince Umberto has no popular appeal and may be discarded. It is the Vatican. The authority of the Pope over the hearts andminds ofmenandwomen through. outItaly has never been greater. To the Pope is attributed the saving of Rome from destruction. And in a world of trouble when idols fall, men turn to God for comfort and for guid. ance. Italy is adeeply Catholic country, andto all butahandful of Italiansthe Pope isin very truth the Holy Father, the Vicar of Christ. The Italians know that if the Communists should rule Italy, the hand of Mosccnv would he laid on the Holy Father. The Vicar.of Christ would be driven from Rome, since he could not remain in a position of subservience. If the Communists come close to power, there will arise, therefore, awind in Italy, agale of the Spirit, and the Italians, who have no longer much to live for, buthavemuch faith to diefor,will begin to march in defence of the Holy Father, as the Crusaders marched to the old battle-err "Christians are right!"

•,,.....,r•.•w•.mmmm•unumwnununnunnue

Racing Selections

• ARTS AND CRAFTS.

Of course you are interested in all the latest crazes these days. Couldn't you come up to the Rooms one Wedne.Mayeveningat8o'clockandjustsee for yourselfhoweasy it is tomake diiferent articles, whether it be papier mache work, the making of shopping bags or toys. Don't worry about ma. tAials or ideas, we'll supply all those for you. It is agrand activity girls, and remember the old saying "the more the merrier:"

E.S.C. GROUP.

The next meeting w.11 be on 29th March, whenSister Robertswil(lecture on "Nerve Complaints" Du make a special effort to be ore:ent girls, as this will be alecare CIA

mustappeal to you all. There is :rsJ

aconsiderable amount of important business to discuss, which makes a full attendance ` very desirable.

HOLY THURSDAY.

Owing to holy Week Ceremonies, MASS and )'IMPOSITION will nottake place in our Chapel on holy Thursday, March 29th..

CHOIR.

As our next Concert Season is drawing near, we are making an urgent appeal toallChoirmembers toattendthe practices each Thursriay, SP.M. Once again this activity will be working in conjunction with hill Orchestra, and as there are only eight practices left before our opening night we would ap. preciate it if all the members could make theeff

orttoattendregularly.The standard of the Choir has always been high, so don't let its down.

CANTEEN SERVICE.

Phyllis Dean Hostel,

Saturday .. .. .. .. 21th March

Wednesday .. .. .. lath April.

It is essential that every Canteen Uernher wear her Badge, otherwise admittance will not be permitted.

(Continuer) foot of next column.)

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Phone: 115992. City Deliveries. Country Orders Catered rot. W •.NNNII•+•+•eMJfK•NM••IIN

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The fighting man shall from the sun Takewarmth,andlifefromtheglowing earth; SpeedwiththeUghbfootwinds torun, Andwith thetreestonewerbirth; ,And find,when fighting shall be done, Great rest,and fulness after dearth.

—JulianGrenfell:

We give chief prominence thi's week to— NONE SHALL SURVIVE." by Burton Graham.

inwar-trainedman-power,shippingand equipment—losses that compared with thoseincurredin sevenmonthsofgrim and

bloody fighting in the Papuan jungles.Itwastheturning-pointinthe Battleofthe Pacific. Asyoureadthis book, youwillbe there—inthebidstof the battle—inside of the battle—

inside aBeaufighter, aFortress, aMitchell— moving in swift and gripping battle sequence—feeling the stuttering blast ofyourcannon and seeingtheflashing. out of your tracerswhangingover the decks and transports. You will be there—above the Jap convoy as it dodges across some 200 miles of ocean fromtheBismarck SeatoVitiazStrait tothe resting place ofthelastof them —after those thirty minutes of hell— in Huon Gulf.

A real man's book. Our full quota from the Publishers just received. Price, 10/6.

ALTAR MANUAL and RENEDIC. 'rIONAP,LE—Stocksof theseare available.

MISSALS—These are to hand in all prices.

EASTER CARNIVAL

W.A.T.C.

Saturday,March24 1945.

Before Acceptances.

y

By "THE HANK:" Wm. A. YOUNG

Padbury Handicap: Easyrwalkin, 1; Casablanca, 2; Ayrboy, 3. H Junior andic : Lady Josephine, 1; Cherbourg, C

Wittenoom Stakes: Sorcery, 1; Earl Mond, 'l; Frangus, 3.

Encourage Distance Handicap: Mai. dos, 1; Liberation,2; Swirl, T.

Easter Mile: Rubontine, 1; Nullabung, 2: Stayer, 3.

River Handicap (U: Falsetto, 1; Teatic 2; Silver Rice, 3. River handicap (21: Ilillian, 1; Lympian,2; Beaurion,3. „,uo•

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Fremantle Branch

Room 7,imperial Chambers, 45 MARKET ST., FREMANTLE. Telephone L1958. t/

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES.

JIONDAY:

Ilornecrafts: Sp.m.

Dressmaking: 7.30 p.nt. 'rUI?SDAY:

Choir: 7p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Softball: 5.30 P.M.

Canteen Social:8p.m.

THURSDAY:

Cooking: 7.30 p.m,

Dramatics: 8P.M.

SATURDAY:

Softball: 2.30 p.m.

SUNDAY:

Sv:iniming: 10.30 a.m. •

DRAMATICS.

We have just finisher( asmall play, and now

we are starting on another. We want afew more girls in this activity, so all who are interested come along to the rooms on Thursday night at 8oclock.

LUNCH-CLUB.-

The story of the mostimportant air victory in the Pacific—the personal story of the three-day onslaught (luring which 2'2 Jap ships iwere sent to the bottom of Vitiaz Strait and the Huon Gulf. 15,000 Jap troops were blasted to death by the United States Army Air Force and the R.A.A.F. It is the intimate "inside" story of the actual thoughts and impressions and verbatim remarks of the pilots, bombardiers,observersandgunnerswhotook part in the battle. Colour is added by the thrilling experiences of Damien Parer,the famousAustralian Newsreel cameraman,who shot his sensational filmof the battle over theshoulder of intrepid Beaufighter pilot FlighGLfeutenant ("Torchy") Uren, DF.O.

"NONE SHIALL SURVIVE" leaves little doubt that the Battle of the Bis. marck Sea was avictory of such completeness as to assume the proportions of amajor disaster to the enemy. In thirty minutes of hell—of crashing bombs and daring air-mmbat,'the Allied AirForces inflicted crushinglosses

COMING! ! ! Rosary beads and other religious requisites will shortly be received at our depot. You may beginplacing orders now.

REMEMBERwestockonly thebest in books.,. So callorwrite usbefore making purchases elsewhere. We specialise in children's books.

SUBSORVMON RATES.

City: 12 months-1book, los.; 2 hooks, 12s. 6d.

Country: 6month's—Four books, £1: 12 months, fl 15s. (Freight paid one way.)

Girls! IfyouworkinFremantle,why notdrop into the club and have your hinch. Enjoythepleasantsurroundings, the friendly chat,. and acup of tea.

PICTURE NIGHT

At North Fremantle Picture Theatre on Monday16th April,we are havinga picture night. We have 450 seats to fill, so every member must come and bring her family and all her friends. "Pun Valley Serenade," starring Sonja Ilenie and John Payne, together with selected shorts willbe screened.

Variety Concert at Highgate

Highgate Parish ,

Hall was filled to capacity on Friday night,March 16th, when avariety concert was presented tocelebratethe.Feastof St. Patrick, Theprogramme,which waslongand varied,comprised the following items:

The C.B.H.S. Boys' Choir, who sang Mendelssohn's• "Spring Song;' "La}ward Watch," and aMedley of Irish Airs.Thechoirwasconductedby Rev. Bro. Collopy• Michael Eustace gave two humorous sketches which caused much laughter; Miss Marjorie Hastie sang three charming numbers, "Fairy Tales of Ireland,""The White Dove, and "Kashmiri Love Song"; John Murphy delighted the audience (with two pianoforte selections "The Blue Danube" and "All or Nothingat All Noreen Watts played several Irish Airs on the violin; Noreen was accompaniedby here twin'sister,Loraine, at the piano; Mrs, J. B.Carmodysang "When Irish Eyes are Smiling" and "Little Boy Blue"; Mrs, Quealy Gang "I'll take you home again, Kathleen' and "Bonny take me home again"; Mr.M. Bungartsang "The RoseofTralee" and "Take apair of sparkling eyes"; Kath 0'Donoghue sang "Ave Maria." Membersofthe CatholicGirls' Mpvemrent, "The It-Iarmonists„" gave two popular numbers "Erin's Green Isle," and "The Spider and the Fly," and were unable to comply with arequest for an encore as time did not permit. Mr. Hugh Dunn sang "Killarney'• and "Captain Mac"; Joan Curtin played several popuar airs on the xylophone, including "The Last Rose of Summer" and Yvonne Carrier, the singing cow girl, sang three songs including"Lilli Marlene:" Marjorie McPhail recited "Pure and Simple," and the "Worldly Man:"

The "Top Hat Concert Party," who contributed mainly to the second half, consisted of Professor O'Keefe, "Magician," who mystified the audience for several minutes.; "The Grouebos," Jimmy Isaia and Jimmy Yozzi, with their accordeon and violin; the Cooper sisters, Pam and Betty; Shirley Love, Shirley Ryan, Ron and Dolly Ashford and May )owett,who gave acleverexhibition of Irish and Scotch National dancing, accompanied by Mr, Suther. land on the bagpipes; also apretty Spanish act with the "Gouchos Boys" as accompanists. A tap dancing number and "Beyond the Blue Horizon" rungby Shirley Ryan concluded the programme.

During the evening Fred Moore, George Lewis, and Al, Reynolds lwho is at present visiting this State in connection with concert work) kept the audience in continuous laughter with humorous skits.

The concert opened with the s:ng ingof the National Anthem andclosed with "Glorious St. Patrick," sung by Mrs. Quealy and audience.

'Mrs. Slattery wishes to thank the above artists for their help and co+.peration in making the concert a success, especially Eileen l.vnes who acted as accompaniste for the even. ing, also Mrs. Thomas, Mrs. Kieran, Mrs. Gibbs, and Miss Mary Dore, for their valuable assistance.

The raffle of Giant Easter Egg and Rockies, which was drawn during the evening,,was won by :lartin Lynch, of 6.S:i William Street, Nit. Lawley, ticket No. 195B. He k presenting it to the Foundling Home.

Father Langmead's Silver Jubilee

Observation at Osborne

Monday, March 19th, was the occa sion of the Silver Jubilee of the Rev. Father A. T. Langmead, Parish Priest, of Osborne Park, and Senior Army Chaplain.

Fr. Langmead was ordained priest in the FeastofSt.Joseph, 1920, in the Chapel of Propaganda College, Rome. by His Eminence, the late Cardinal Van Rossum, C.SS.R.

At the outbreak of war Fr. Lang mead became aChaplain in the Army and fouryearsago,relinquished charge of Osborne Park parish temporarily to undertake full-time chaplainry duties During the last four years he has seen service in various parts of Australia and in New Guinea.

•+ DEATHS ON SERVICE

HURLEY—Joseph, Patrick fA,I.F:) killed in action -New-

Gu

inea, on v February 18, 1945,dearly belovedelder son ofMr.and Mrs.J. P.. Hurley (70 Wasley-street, North Perth), loving -brother'of John, Mollie and Eileen -Mrs A. P. Killey). R.I.P.

OOONAN.—OnMarch7,1945,atPerth, suddenly, John, of 14 Wilberforce- , street, Mount Hawthorn, dearly be-,. loved husband of-the late Amy Coonan, and loving father of Margaret and John ,(deceased). aged63 years. Requiescat in pace, MALONE.—Of your..charity, kindly pray for the repose of the souls of i our dearmother Mrs.,Rose Malone, died February23, 1945, also ourdear father, William Joseph Malone, died January 19, 1939.

0SacredHeartofJesus,havemervyon their souls.

Inserted .by their loving family (Osborne Park).

+ IN MEMORIAM +

J: J. Rafferty

On Monday. March 19th, Fr, Langmead's twenty-fifth anniversary of Ordination was honoured in Osborne Park by alarge congregation of religious, parishioners, and friends of the 'Jubilarian in St. Kieran•s Parish Church, Osborne Park. Father Langmead was the celebrant of Solemn High Mass in the presence of His Grace the Archbishop. His Lordship the Bishop of Geraldton (theMostRev.Dr.Gummer),acollege contemporary of Fr. Langmead, was present in the Sanctuary. His Grace was assisted by the Very Rev. Dr. Kennedy, Assistant Priest, the Very Rev. H. Kieran, and the Very Rev, J. Wallace, Deacons at the Throne. The DeaconoftheMasswas the Rev.F. C. O'Connor, the Sub-Deacon the V. Rev. Dr. Goody. The Rev.

actually Osborne Park's first own parish priest.Continuing,he assured His Reverence that his good work for the people at Osborne Park had not been forgotten and though nobody couldknowhow fartheworkofagood priest would go, the fruitful evidence of his ministry was apparent to all. Among the deputation present Fr. Langmead would notice some of the loyal band of men,upon whom the priests of the parish could ever rely. Mr. Ned Smullen, the first man to be

CLARKE.—Sacred to the memory of ourdearwife andmother, Mary Teresa, who departed this lifeon March 23, 1942.

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, hay. mercy on hersoul.

—Inserted by her sorrowing husband.

FITZGERALD.—In sad and loving memory of our dear sons,Leo, who passed away on March 22,1943, and Dick,reportedmissing,March24,1944 now presumed dead.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on their souls.

Inserted by their loving parents, brothers and sisters.

GARVEY.—In loving memory of my dear mother, Mary Teresa, who departed this life on March27, 1942.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy onher soul.'

Ever remembered by her daughter, Annie.

RODDY.—In loving memory of my twobrothers, Peter, whodied at Mt. Lawley,March26,1944 andJim,who pacedawav on August1, 1944, athis home in Victoria.

Eternal rest grant to them, O Lord. Inserted by their fond sister, N. Jarvis, Gosneils.

BEREAVEMENT,

and the Rev. J. C. Farrell acted as Masters of Ceremonies, the Rev. M. Delahunty as Cross Bearer.

Oatherpriestspresentwere: Rt.Rev. Monsignor B. Fagan, V.G.: Rt. Rev, Monsignor

J. Moloney: Rev. J. Bren• nan (Locum Tenens, Osborne Park); Rev. B. Gallagher (Three Springs): Rev. Dr. Kearnan; Rev. P. C. Smith; Rev. E. Sullivan. The occasionalsermon was preached by Rev.E. Sullivan.

The music of the Mass was rendered by acombined choir of the children from the parish schools, conducted by the Rev. T, Prendiville,The children excelled themselves and won richly-deserved praise for their beantiful singing.

Following the Solemn High Mass a pleasing little function was witnessed in the Sacristy, when gifts of asilver chalice and apreaching stole were presented to the Reverend Jubilarian on 1behalf of the priests and parishioners of Osborne Park parish to commemorate his 25 years of priesthood.

In making the presentation, Mr Jim Reader, son of the late Mr.'W. Reeder, an old stalwart of the parish, recalled that Rev. F. Langmead was

married at the church, Mr. Mick Crade, Mr, Bob Shore, Mr. F. Rofferty, Mr. Mick Kinsella and E. O'Brien; the exigencies of their calling prevented others from being present, but all joined in wishing His Rever. ence Ad Multos Annos and hoped to return for the Golden Jubilee.

Fr. Langmead was moved by this tangible evidence of the esteem and affection with which he is regarded, and in abrief reply thanked one and all for their kindnessand devotion. assuring them that indeed his Silver -

Jubilee as apriest had brought him much happiness. Atthe men's request he then bestowed his blessing on each one present, and thus ended one of those little functions, which from time to time,gotoshow that the grand old traditions will never die, and are a proofof thesolidaffection whichexitts between the Spiritual Father and his flock, in the Catholic Church. Another proof of this had already been given on Sunday morning at the early Mass in St. Kieran's, when in aGeneral Communion of parishioners, Fr. Lan:; mead's Intentions were remembered; andatotherMassesintheparishwhen the children of the parish schools of. fered Holy Communion for the same intentions.

Later in the morning Fr. Langmead visitedSt. Kivian'sSchooltothankthe Sisters and the school children for the prayers and for all they had done to make his Jubilee Day such amemorable occasion.Gifts were presented on behalf of the Children of Mary and of theschool children.

The sons and daughter of the late Mrs. Rose Malone, of Osborne Park, desire to sincerely thank theirrelatives and friends for their help and comfort in their recent sad bereavement. For letters, cards, telegrams, floral tributes and personal expressions of sympathy Will all please accept this apersonal expression of our sincere gratitude.

WANTED:

A furnished single room for elderly lady, has own linen, near Cathedral. r Apply "MO" thisoffice.

Wanted by elderly lady, Board or Partly furnished room, near Church and transport, any suburb. Apply ••MD,•'17 Harvest-road, North Fremantle.

Ranted to Buy—PIANO for institution must be in good order. Ring 02337.

Wanted by two women small House or Flat. ApplyS.A.G., thisoffice.

Housemaid-Waitress, over 45, light duties. Assisit inkitchen oneafternoon each week. .Apply Christian Brothers' College, St. George's Terrace, Perth.

BOARDANDRESIDENCE.

Wanted urgently, board and residence by a young refined Catholic girl attending the University (preferably handy to the University). Apply "University Student," this office.

NOTICE.

Matter for inclusion in parochial notes and reports of Catholic organisations must be in handby each Tbursday to ensure publication in the current 1"aft of `The Record."

Australia—oneoftheBestPlacesintheWorldforMentoLive

'...How War Has Helped National Development

Resisting the Foreign New Order of Communism

Preserving Parliamentary Democracy and Home Life

The following address was given recently at aHoly Name breakfast in KalgoorliebyMr.E.M.Heenan,M.L.C.:

4L :fir. Heenan said he had almost de. cided to deal withthe Polish question, and had in fact made some research into that tragic subject, but certain considerations induced him to leave it alone. What reading he had done, however, brought home to him more forcibly than anything had ever done how fortunate the were to be livingin acountrylike Australia, how hard we shouldstrive tokeep it free, andwhat agrave responsibility rested on each one of us to play his proper part in the uncertain and difficult times that might lie ahead. He had decided, therefore,todevotehisremarkstothat topic, tinder the heading of"Our Own Country."

Thefirstimportant fact to remember in areview of this nature was that

-, Australia as anation was cradled in the colony of New South Walesinthe year 1788, when Captain Arthur Phillip sailedinto Botany Bay with eleven ships and apersonnel of about one thousand—

the majority of whomwere poor devilsof convicts. It should be remembered, therefore, that we as a nation werelittle more than 150 years old, which, judged by any standards, was very,very young as nations went. On the contrary, however, geologists and other experts told us that this land which we occupy was one of the oldest in the world. Over most of it there was conclusive evidence to back up this statement. Portions of the continent had been beneath the ocean not once but twice. The Nullabor Plain was an elevated sea floor, and the shallow seas along the eastern coastflow over asubmerged continental shelf. Every other continent had mountains towering up to aheight of from Ifi,MOfeet to 29.000 feet. Australia's highest peak has an altitude of only 7,000feet. The answerwas that the wear and tear in geological ages had worndownwhat wereoncemighty mountains. Before the Alps of Europe and the Himalavas of Asia were lifted up, Nit, Kosciusko, in New South Wales and the Darling Range, in ourown State, were mountainswor. .• thy of the great continent. And before the white man set foot in Australia it ryas peopled bt' the ahorigines, who. according to authorities, were one of the oldest races in the world.

been made to such adegree that Australia had for yearsbeen in the forefront of the world in these two spheres.

We could takelegitimate prideinthe way that our people had colonised this country, and how they had gone into the outbacks and overcome drought, hushfires, and floods. And we we should never forget how Australia's name became synonymous with gal. lantry and bravery of the highest degree through the exploits of her soldiers in the first World War, and hole this splendid tradition had been enhanced through what her sons and daughters had accomplished in the present dreadful conflict.

Ile said he could go on to quote many facts to show how -

inside 150 years Australia had accomplished great results and now stands out in. comparably as one of the best places in the world for men to live. Butwe had become engulfed in this tragic World War and we were now faced with the stark reality of taking our partforbetterorforworsein the new unknown (world which would emerge out of the chaos of the old when this war was over.

And soitisrightthat we thinkvery carefully of the future, because, althoughweseemcertaintowinthewar, wehad to do something farmore difficult, and thatistowin thepeace.The war had transformed our whole-way of life. On the credit side we had the spectacle of full employment and the evils of poverty and unemployment had been more orless abolished. Then, again, it had been found possible by improved pensions and child endowment actually to improve the standardsofthose mostin need.

Furthermore, the inland had been opened up with new roads and aerodromes, which probably would never have been accomplished had it not been for the tear. In times of peace these should prove adecided asset to the country.

quite willing to concede that Russia had proved herself asamighty nation atwar,and theindicationsarethatshe was the most powerful force in the world to-day. As Bernard Shaw said recently, "The word of Stalin is now the word of destiny.'

But there are many people in Australia who were so frantic in their admiration of Russia and her form of government that theyweredetermined to forcehersystemonus. working and planning and scheming for their day and no stone was being left unmoved.- As Catholic men we cannot accept this system, because it is entirely repugnant to the principles of our religion. \lake no mistake aboutit, we - to face up ' the threat of Communism here in Ads tralia. The example of Russia was being seizedonandthegamewason.

Our main objection to Communism was ofcourse, thatitdenied the existence of God, was against all forms of religion, and was particularly antiCatholic. It would seem atruism to say that theCathol:creligion and Communism were incomnatible, and it -would he as well for its to realise the significance of this with all its implications. It was also important that we should realise how Communism per medium of Russia's experiment and more particularly because of her successful war effort, had gripped the

And sn, it should be realised that we had occupied this old continent for only avery short period, but in spite of this we could fairly claim to have made commendable progress. We could trace the evolution of our soci-vety from abeginning of brutality and chinsintheconvict daystowhatcompetent nhservers have described as"as perfectan expression of nrdered demncraev as can be found." Most of ❑s have heard from our mothers and fathers how thev or their parents left the Old Country because opportunities werenotequal,andhnivtheycameand settled in Australia where better conditions prevailed. And we all know how industrial and social nro;ress had NOMOREWOODCUTTING!Ameri. can Perfection Stoves; ideal for country and beach. At Hassell's. B6X7.

But as against all this we must remember that over half of our working population had been engaged in the fighting services and in nvartime occtpations, and that practically all our national wealth had been pledged in this war effort. People's lives have been disrupted and the divorce courts, the children's courts and hospital records revealed what great damage had been done in this regard. When peace comes over half of our adult population would have to he transferred into civil occupations and found useful permanent employment, because in his opinion it would he upon this that most

of our schemes and dreams for a new order would depend. And as far sthe New Order was concerned, we would have to be careful that it was one of our own making ,

not one that is inflicted on us by foreigners and their sympathisers. Once upon a *;rite

--

,.my afete years ago—a man who was caught reading aCommunist paper, or heard expressing views in praise of Russia was treated as acriminal, add mat,v were clapped into prisons. However, times and people's viewshad changed and alotofpeople, including man%,

in high positions, had become sycophantic in their praise of Russia and her systenr. Ile was

imagination and won the approval of alarge number of people. They saw in it the answer toall our ills and, of course, an opportunity for themselves toachieve something in the crash that they would bring about.

Thesepeople, however, had not been to Russia ,nor outside Australia, and theyeither had not readofthe bloody and disgraceful events associated with the brief history of Communism, or they approved of the gruesome happenings and would not object to similar happenings here in Australia. Only recently he read this extract in the late Wendell Willkie's book, called "Our World": "The true story of this period in Russia will probably never be known. For except those who es. caped to other lands, and they were relatively few, practically 4he whole upper and middle classes of Russia have been completely elterminatgd, and the Russians of io-day find the story an heroic achievement." When it was remembered that Willkie was an admirer of Russia there could be littledoubt as to thetruthofhis statement,

As Catholic men, therefore, we should appreciate the danger of Communism, however remote we considered its exponents' chances were of forcingiton us here in Australia. -

He should say that the most effec-

(Continued on Back Coler.)

Hotel and Accommodation Guide

On the Road to City Beach.

Wembley Hotel

'Phone: B3418.

COUNTRY.

DUKE OF YORK HOTEL, NARROGIN.

Reconditioned and Refurnished. New Lounge,Dining Rooms, and Comsnaroial Rooms• ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth). GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL, Cnr. HANK.,N & NETHERCOTT STS., KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR .... Proprietor.

'Phone 19... .. .. .. Box 124, AUSTRALIA HOTEL, ]KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St. Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooms. Refrigeration Throughout. Only Lock-Up Garages in the Centre of Town. M.J. DILLON, licensee.

First Class Accornmodation.

M. CRANLEY, Proprietor.

FREEMASONSHOTEL, TOODYAY.

Escallent Ouisine.

Amatice Reftigerator IMUM& Old and New Friends are CordiallyWelcomed.

MRS. E. WING, Proprietress.

STAN.O'BRIEN, ' COURT HOTEL PERTH.

'Phone: B4261.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE. Overlooking the Ocean. SuperiorAccommodation. Moderate Charges.

M. BYRNE (Late of Grand and Shamrock Hotels, Boulder).

VICTORIA HOTEL, HAY STREET, SUBIACO. Renovated Throughout. Essence of Comfort. W. F. ARTIS, Proprietor. (Lateof BalmoralHotel,Vic.Park)

KEOUGH'S for CATERING Any Number,Place,or Time. Three Reception Rooms for Hire. On Hire: Crockery,Cutlery and Glassware, etc. 'Phone: B9454. GLAD KEOUGH. NEWCASTLE ST.,'PERTH.

FootComfortGuaranteed

Bootsand Shoes In Half Sizes.

SAVECHARGES!SAVEFREIGHT!

.Address: BCX2, POST OFFICE, FREbfANTLE.

'PHONES: L1031-2.

PatroniGeOurAdvertisers

A New Homecraft at

Make your own accessories from materials offering in Foy's new Homecraft Section. Here youmaypurchasespeciallyselected skins in suitable lengths for bags, belts,dress trimmings,cushions, table centres, etc., at very reasonableprices. Youwillfind these materials delightfully easy to makeupandthe results will thrillyou.

Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It is on sale in Foy'sHomecraftSectioninmany lovely colours. Here is agrand opportunity for you to save money by malting your own Christmasgiftsthis year.

LEa

HAI&D0.

Acomb-out involving single women in practically every shopinthe city is beingstarted immediatelyby theManpower Directorate.—Daily prey.

Agood example of how bureaucracy wastes manpower. As far aswe can see shop and office girlsmanage to do their own combing-out very well by themselves, * * * *

WOULDN'T IT?

HATTERS RESUME WORK. —Pressheading.

Thingswouldn'tcometoahead. * * *

SEA BREEZE.

PLANS IIAPE FOR NEXT PACIFIC BLOW. —Pressheading.

Putting the breeze up.

WHAT!

Roared the sergeant at aprivate inone ofour campsrecently: .

'Want the afternoon off—the after. noon off!!! What do you thinkyou are—ahuman being?" * * * *

YUM-Y=!

WOMEN FOR CANNERIES. —"Herald."

Now we'll have tinned peaches. * * * *

BEER ARITHMETIC.

Twointoonewill go. Aman showed how the other day in abar down town.

Ilefinished his secondglassandsaid to the bar-tender,"How many barrels doyou sell here in aweek?"

"Thirty-five° said the bartender proudly.

"Well, I've just thought of awav you can'sell seventv.."

"llave vou? How?"

"Simple. Just fill up the glasses." * * * *

TRAINING.

Theladywaslookingatsuitcases in one of our great departmental stores. She sat thoughtfully on each one of the cases shown her by the'shop as. sistant.

"Haven'tyousomethingalittlemore comfortable? I'm goingintothe country and it is rather along trip." * * *

"Have you noticed how men flirt with waitresses these days?"

"Yes; they're playingforbigsteaks." * • *

"Gertieisadecidedblonde,isn'tshe?"

"Yes,butsheonlydecidedlastweek." * * * •

Poorold Blue wasin hospital. The Major visiting him said: "Anything particular you want, Private Smith?"

"Well,you see, Major, I'aven'thad adrop of whisky for afair while and Iwas sorter wondering, if you could givemeaniportwo?"

"H'm, I'll see, but you know the Army Regulations—noalcohol and all that; I'm afraid Iwon't be able to domuch."

"Oh,allright,then, Major,butmeantimecomeasoftenasyoucan. Ilike thesmellofyourbreath."

"There's only one good thing about that young puppy whokeeps on coming here to see you," said her angry father,"and that is he'shealthy."

"I'm surprised to hear you say anything goodof him," replied.his daugh• ter. "Flow do you know?"

"Well, whenyou methimin thehall lastnight, Iheard you say,'Oh,Dick, how coldyour nose isI"

LittleJones presentedhimself at the officewith avery noticeablegapin his upper dentures.

HalloaI"wasthecry. "Hadanac. cident?"

"No," was the reply. "Only arow with themissus." "What! You surely didn't come to blows?" asked the others.

"Ob, nol" said Jones. "But next time1gnashmyteethI'llrememberto takemy pipeopt of mymouth"

"Yes;' said the conceited young bachelor," Ihave the greatest admirationforwomen. But Iwouldn't marry marryone of them—not me!"

"Ibee;" said the sweet young thing. "Ybu notonlyadmirewomen,butyou have areal regard for their welfare."

MORE HOWLERS!

"The Government of England is a limited mockery."

"Climate lasts all the time; weather onlyfor afew days."

"Science is material; religion is immaterial."

"Queen Victoria was the only queen whosaton athorn for63 years."

"Acrimony, sometimes called holy, is another name for marriage."

"Jacob, son of- Esau, stole his brother'sbirthmark." '

"The Israelites made agolden calf because they hadn't enough gold to make acow.'

Acertain man drew his baw at a venture but missed the venture and hit Achab."

"Simon de Nlontfort formed what was known as the Mad Parliament. It is something the same as it is at the , present time."

And here isa"note to Teacher":

"Please, sir, Billy's in bed with a swelling in his throat and the doctor says its agathering of the clans." # # # •

Conductor(topeople standingin the bus): "Pass farther down the bus. please."

Small Boy(with old man): "Itain't.+ father—it's grandfather."

# # # #

"I want," said the house hunter,"a small house in an isolated position at leastfivemilesfrom any other house."

"I see," said the house agent, with an understanding smile,"you want to practise the simple life."

"No," answered the house-hunter;"I want to practise the trombone." ,+

Hiker:"Didyou have much rain?"

Farmer Giles:"Yes ,but my neighbour hadmore.."

Iliker:"Howcould he have more?"

Farmer Giles:"Ile has more land than I."

The live4wire salesman walked into thefactory anddemanded tointerview themanager.

'Look here, sir;' be began energetically, "I'd just like to talk to your men and sell them my correspondence course on how to put fire and sparkle into theirwork."

The manager'sface turnedpale.

"Get outof here," he roared. "Get out, you blooming idiot ... thisis a dynamite factory."

t # a #

The pianist was playing the first barsof theWeddingMarch.

"What's that?" asked Mrs. Wanless, turning to her weary husband.

"Oh." he replied,"that's the beginning of'StormyWeather'l"

The SundaySchool teacher hadbeen telling the story of the prodigal son— and explaining its meaning. He finishedwiththewords,"And theson returned,andthefatherwassogladthat he killed the fatted calf in his honour," and then asked if any member ofthe classcould tell asimilar story.

One small boy stood up and announced: "My brother ran away from home,sir, and after along time hereturned."

"Yes," encouraged the teacher."And Isuppose your fatherkilled thefatted calf forhim?"

'%Not exactly" said the lad. "But he halfkilled the prodigal son."

"Well, old man, how is business?"

"Very bad. No money coming in, and advertisingisruiningme."

"But advertising is usually effective. Idid not know that you had begun to advertise."

"You do not understand—my rivals are advertising." * #

"I can't think why they make so ' much fuss about bliss Smith's voice. Miss Jones has amuch richer voice.-

"Yes, but Miss Smith has a much richer father."

The seaside landlady wondered whetheravisitor wouldobject tohay. ing aroom near to one occupied by somechildren. Excuse me, air," she ventured,._ "but do you mind children?"

"Mind children? I've come here for aholiday,not to mind children."

Dear Cornerites,—Its not very lung until Easter now and Iwonder how many of you have made all the little acts of self.denial you made tip

your mind to do at the beginning of Lent. Perhapsyou have stuckrigidly toyour programme, or perhaps you've been a wee bit lax at times. Well, if you are in the latter category, you can al. ways remedy things alittle by afinal spurt. You know how arunner in an important race saves his energy for thatlast burst of speed in sightof the home post. Well, Ithink that would be an excellent principle to apply in this case. See how much lost ground you can cover in this way. You'll be surprised, and quite pleased with yourself too. Let me know how you find the idea. Ithink it should help you alot.

* s

AUNT BESSY.

Bassendean.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am sorry that Ihavenotwrittenbefore,soIamwriting now. Will you please send me a blueprickcard, AuntBessy? Iam in third standard now. Daddy isreading "The Record" now. Maureen is sick, but not in hospital. Kathleen will be two on April 13, 1945. Good-bye for now. With best wishes from, PATRICIA DOOLEY,

Dear Patricia,—It really isn't so very long since Ilasthadaletter from you, so there is no need to be sorry that you haven't written. It grieves metohearthatMaureenwassick when you wrote, but I've no doubt that she is better ne

w. Isincerely hope so, anyway. Is Kathleen looking forward to her second birthday next month? When the day cQmes along you must wish her many happy returns from Aunt Bessy. That will be something you must remembertodofor me, Pat. AUNT BESSY.

.P 11. 1..1 . "..

STANDING CARDBOARD PICTURES

No. 11451—TWO-TONED COLOUR. hD PICTURES. 25 Subjects, comprising:—Sacred Heart, Our Lady, Immaculate Conception, Our Ladv of Lourdes, Our Lady and Child, Divine Infant, Our Lord Blessing Children, Holy Familv, Guardian Angel, St. Jo.eph,St.Anthony, Little Flower, Communion, Christmas, etc.

Size Sin. x3lin. 9d.each; 8/3 dozen.

No. 11152—COLOURED PICTURES:

In full colours, various subjects, including: Sacred Heart, Immaculate Heart, Pleading Heart, our

Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little

Flower, St. Philomena.

Size 51 x31in. IL each; ll/• dozen.

No. 111:x:3—COLOURED PICTURES:

In full colours. Varioussubjects, including: Sacred Heart, Immaculate Heart, Pleading Heart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinner, Little Flower. St. Philomena, St, Peter, St. Paul, St. Anne.

Size9Fin. x7lin 21

.each; 22/-dozen. No. 11154—BLACKANDWHITE PICTURE OF THE LITTLE FLOWER. Size 41in. x31in. 9d.each; 9/3 dozen.

MEDALS.

Made of Best Quality Hard Metal. Communion, Confirmation. Sacred Heart Sodality. Holy Aligels. Miraculous,St, Chrbtopher,Scapular.

.penty1ni&

Co. Pry.Vd.

776 HAY STREET, PERTH (Opp Foy and Gibson). wann.unmvvenernn ,m,nvuun .n,. ,

,r. r..

,

.•

114 Spencerstreet, South Bunbury. DearAuntBessy,—Iamsending you some stamps in a box. Mr. Morris gave them to me. Would you please sendme aBushie pen-friend, about 12 years old. My hobbies are collecting stamps, reading books, swimming, and music. Imust close now. Wishing you and the Bushies every success.— Yourfondniece, CARMEL IVEY.

Dear Carmel,—Thank you land Mr. Morris) for the stamps. It is quite along time since anyone from the Bunbury school (except Thelma, of course),haswritten to in andImust be quite behind with news of you all. Ihave put your name in the pen. friends' column, and Iexpect someone

League of Catholic Youth, Subiaco

Monday nights continue to see St. Joseph'sHall crowded with young lads in spite of the warm weather.

Acommittee of six men and six older lads has been formed to control theclubandits activities. Theseare: Messrs. 13. Ryan, A. Gee, P. Diviney, \C. Hegney, M.L.A„ L. Hickey, R. Ryan, K. Norrish,JDaly, P.Sweeney, T. Hughes, W. Hodge and J.\Maschmedt.

Office-bearers for the year are K. Norrish, president; J. Daly, vice-president; R. Ryan, secretary; W. Hodge, treasurer; P. Sweeney, assistant secretary.

Members wish a very happy and pleasant holiday to Mr. B. Ryan, who at present is sojourning in the country.

ForSaucepans,Dishes,Babies'Baths, Flue Pipes for Stoves,Bath Heaters, try Hassell' s, 559 Wellington Street.

DESERVE THE BEST. It you consult S. and S. your eyes will receive qualified attention.Glasses will be advisedonlyitnecessary.Theywill heglazed with highest quality lensinattractiveframes.Visit

will write to you soon. Don't forget toletmeknow howyouareallgetting on, will you?

AUNT BESSY. r * • 125 Manburystreet,Kalgoorlie. Dear Aunt Bessy,—Ido not know howlongitissinceIlastwrotetoyou, and Iwould not be writing today if Ihad not found one of your prick cards. Iam sending it with the money by to-morrow's mail. My lit• tle sister,Frances, will be three on April 23. She is avery funny baby. She smells flowers and say's, Pooh1 Don't they smell lovely!" My little

brother, David, is five and ahalf. He goes to school with me. He can sing afew little rhymes, recite, and count to 50. My bigsister,Mary,isteaching school at South Kalgoorlie. Iamoff to town in aminute, Aunt Bessy, so I had better finish this letter to you. I am enclosing 2/6 in honour of St. An. thony. Please send me another prick card, Aunt Bessy.—Your loving niece, DORA MAGUIRE.

Dear Dora,—Well, Iam glad that you came across that prick card, or. you might have forgotten me for a long time. Iwill post you another card to help you to remember me again. What afunny thing for Frances tosaywhenshesmells flowers, But Iexpect she willsoon stop sayingthat now. All babies say some funny things at times. When is David going to write to me,Dora? Iwouldlove to hear from him. Thank you very much forfilling the prick card and for send the 2/6 for St. Anthony. AUNT BESSY.

13 Cunningham-street Merredin.

Dear AuntBessy,—

flow,

are you and the Bushies going? I am sending back my prick card, and please can Ihave another one? Ihave enclos• ed a2/6 postal note. Well, Imust close now. Wishing you and the Bushies every happiness.—Your loving niece,

JUDY GGLLAN.

Dear Judy,—It gives me great pleasure to send you another card, and thanks for filling the last one. Mer• redinmust be avery good parish, because itdoesn'ttake you or Rosemary very-long tofill your cards at all. I hope youhave the same luck withthis one, AUNT BESSY.

*

* • PEN-FRIENDS.

RosemaryFowler, of 122 Great Eastern Highway,Merredin,would like a pen-friend of about ten years. Rose• mary is interested in writing letters, readingandmusic.

CarmelIvey,of 114 Spencer-street, Bunbury,wantsapen-friend of twelve. Carmel likesStamp collecting, reading, -swimming and music.

"And there stood by theCross of Christ, Mary—His Mother."

Our Country ..

(Continued from Page 17.)

tive means of combating it is to see toit thatourexisting institutionsand social services were improved and brought to ahigher standard of efficiency. It was not enough to stand offand criticise orbelittle—our obligations as citizens required more than that.

As acase in point, he would mention the institutionof Parliament—the keystone of our democracy. Nowadays, however, most people, and alot whopride themselves as being responable,notonlyspokeofParliamentand the men who comprisedit in terms of ridicule, but also of abuse. This, of course, wasplayingtheenemy'sgame, andhewasanyjudge theenemyoftomorrow in our midst would be Communism.

He admitted that our existing systemof ParliamentaryGovernment was cumbersome—that in acountry like Australia, with apopulation of only 7,000,000, we were probably over-governedand thattherewereotherfaults.

But everything human had faults, and thiswas ahuman institution. Horvever, he did not know of any other systems that would do the job better thanourpresentParliamentary system of government.

He felt certain, therefore, that the proper way was to go along as we have gone in the past, making progress and improving our existing institutions. Aboveall we shouldavoid the two extremes—of Fascism on the one side, and adictatorship,'suchas is exercised by the Communist Dictator in Moscow to-day, on the other side.

Stupendous tasks lay ahead in the realms of rehabilitation,home-building, education the distribution of goods, the provision of medical and hospital needs, the development of the land, and so on. If these problem's were tackled in the right way we should never again be faced with the evils of unemployment, and our people should beproof against suchforeign creedsas Communism.

lie referred to the institutionofPar• liament, but another vital institution that was being sabotaged in many ways was thehome. Thehome,with. out ashadow of doubt, is the'cornerstone of our civilisation, and the restoration of the home to its rightful place in our national life was one of the most pressing problems of to-day. Everything revolved round the home, and ifthingswere notwell there,they could not be right anywhere. Anation's strength is in proportion to the standard of its home life. The home, therefore,wasoneinstitutioninAustralia that wemust build upand raise to ahigher state of perfection because, ashe had already stated, it wasbeing sabotaged in many ways and had suffered grievously on account of war conditions. In thisregard he thought we would have to reconsider our attitude towards the joint problems of drinkandgambling,whichappeared to he ruining alot of young lives.

Here he concluded his brief outline of OurOwn Country." We were the youngest nation in the oldest continent—our manhood in the past had been tested by field and flood and battle, andhe thoughtwe could claim with confidence that it had won through. Anew ltdharder test now awaited us in the world of to-morrow, and with the grace of God we would again(vinthrough.

Randolph Knapp (WA.O.A.).

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12 ATWELL ARCADE, FRZKANTLE LISM.

ThePopeSaved Thousandsof Jewish Lives From BeatenNazis'Fury

ThousandsofJews,civilian hostages, escaped prisoners of war, including British, anti-Fascists and others, owe their lives today to the direct intervenl:ion on their behalf of the Holy Father when toe German rulers in Rome tightened their already severe control afterthecollapse ofthe Italian Fascist State in 1943.

Vatican territory was thrown open to them undeir the jealousy guarded Vatican privilege of sanctuary, confirmed within limits by the Lateran Treaty of 1929.

Papal territory outside the Vatican proper was also used to shelter these unfortunate people but, unfortunately, was in somecases violated by the German hunters.

The Lombard Seminary, the Pontifi. cal Institute for Oriental Studies, the monastery of St. Paul's Basilica Outside the Walls, the -

,sacristy of St. Mary Major's and the Franciscan convent attachedtoSt,Sebastian'sBasili• ca were forcibly entered by German troops in searchofrefugees. PapalProtests.

Every time this happened the Pope immediately made a strong protest either through the",

Osservatore Romano," official Vatican newspaper, or through diplomatic channels.

In addition, the Holy Father had earlierpresentedtotheJewsof Rome several kilograutmes of gold to help them raise the ransom imposed on them by the Germans under pain of arrest or deportatioL This gift was, however,

im vain because the Jews were removed afewweeks later although theyhadendeavoured to raise the money.

His Holiess also intervened several times to secure the liberation of aged or sick Jews brutally dragged from their homes. The Pope urged religious communities and private individuals to shelter those who were no longer able to live in security in their own homes.

These facts were given by amost reliable witness, Cardinal Tisserant, Secretary of the S. Congregation of the Oriental Church, at the Vatican, during his recentvisit to Paris.

The Holy Father's paternal activi• ties for his suffering children, the Cardinal added, spread beyond Rome and the borders of Italy. Following the last war methods of Pope Benedict SV, whose active assistant the present Pope then was, Pius XIL`immediately warstarted,setupan information centre for prisoners and evacuat• ed civilians.

Millions of Letters.

This centre has by now dealt with millions of letters and solved millions of enquiries similar to the International Red Cross at Genera, Branches have been established, too, throughout the world in nunciatures and delega. tions to facilitate the receipt and dispatch of such news.

A second headquarters was estab lished at Algiers 18monthsago in the mother house of the White Fathers and placed under the direction of an American priest, Mgr. Carroll, to ease theworkstillfurther.

Finally the Pope urged big diplomatic representatives to visit as often as possible the camps for civilian Interneesand prisonersofwar.

Chief opposition to this move came from Berlin, which refused to allow ArchbishopOrsenigo, PapalNuncio, to visit prisoners in the Reich. Chief sufferers have been French prisoners who are mostly Catholics.