The Record Newspaper 07 March 1945

Navas Octopus

and Emphasis...

Oneofthegreatestofthemanymyths of our age, writes Father J. G. Murtagh,in"The Advocate," is"the freedom of the press." Newsapersare as free as their proprietors permit them,and news is acommodity that is boughtandsold--andthegreatnewsagencies only see what is to their ownenand theircountry'sadvantage.During the war, not alittle has been heard in the press of international cartels in oil,chemicals and other . materials. But nothing,naturally,is ever whispered of the oldest and greatest cartel of all—the world news cartel—which controls and dispenses what we read of other countries in our morning and evening papers.

The period between the first world war and the present struggle—the twenties and the thirties—was preeminently the great news-agency epoch in the world's history. The vast development and extension of the telegraph, cable and radio and the spread of popular journalism called for faster newsservicescovering the whole globe.

But the journalist's dream of afree exchange of information, leading to a greater understanding and happier relations bemeen peoples, was never to be realised.

The BigThree.

The reason was that in 1870, fifty years before, three great news agencies had pooled their resources and established the most powerful cartel the world has ever known. They were Reuters of England. IIavas of France, and Wolff of Germany. These three institutions grew up independently of newspapers. Reuters was originally asmall business, sending market data andgovernment messagesbetween capitals. When the telegraph and cable were invented, Reuter succeeded in selling the foreign news he gathered to London newspapers. During the Victorian era, Reuters grew to mammoth proportions and prestige, with aworldwide network of cables.

Meanwhile, similar agencies were established in the continent—IIavas in France and Wolff in Germany. These European agencies were almost completely subject to their governments, and were semi-officially recognised, operating on the principle, "Tell the news the Government way and take your profit." While the domestic press of England, France and Germany

avas relatively free, its foreign news was not, because of the working of the cartel.

Spheres of Influence.

when Reuters, IIavas and Wolff joined up in IS70. they had almost complete control of international news and split the world up between them into spheres of influence. The line was as follows:

Reuters: England. Ireland, Scotland, Canada. Australia, India, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Arabia, Egypt and Sudan, British Africa, Ethiopia, Belgian Congo, Afghanistan, Burma, China, Japan. New Zealand, :Netherlands Indies.

IIavas: France, Spain. Portugal, Switzerland, Italy and all South America.

Wolff: Germany, Russia Scandanavia, Austria and the Slavic States. Other countries they shared between them, .ln attempt was made after the last war at the Versailles Conference to break the Reuters-Havas-Wolff cartel-

The story is told by Mr. Kent Cooper, of the American Associated Press, in his remarkable book, "Barriers Down: The Story of the News Agency Epoch" (Farrar and Rinehart, New fork, 1942[. %fr. Cooper had plans for free. dom of international news, which were communicated to Colonel House, the adviser to President Wilson. But nothing came of it. Colonel House told me, writes Mr. Cooper, that "the matter had been taken care of privately•' Reuters-HavasMonopoly.

What happened was that Wolff. of Germany, the defeated nation, was deprived of its territories, and Reuters

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and Navas split up its sphere of influence between them. So by 1920 the world news cartel was abigger monopoly than ever, with Reuters and Navas virtually dominating the world and controlling some twenty-seven news agencies.

The Art of Suppression, Theaway the news carteloperates to destroy truth is mainly by suppression and emphasis. Truth lies in propor. tion, but by suppressing, certain facts and playing

up others, afalse picture of acountry or a situation can be created. All the news to and from Reuter'ssphere of influence was "processed" in Reuters clearing house and supplied to Havas—and vice-versa. The way this worked in practice boas that news detrimental to England,France (and Germany when Wolff was an equalpartner)wassuppressedandonly news that suited their policy sent out to the world, The overwhelmingvolume of foreign news which Australians readintheAustralian AssociatedPress, when traced to its origins, came through the cartel.

Aclassic example of the working of the cartel, which has caused great bitternessinthe United States, is the picture of America that was spread abroad during the twenties and thirtiesbyReuters. The Associated Press of America, anon-profit organisation co-operatively owned by newspapers, succeeded in making an agreement. with Reuters to keep Reuters out of U.S.A. The Associated Press agreed to take Reuter's despatches and Reuters argeed to take Associated Press despatches.

The "Gangster Era"

But Reuters, the Americans complained, sent only news that the Brit. i<h wanted the Americans to read, and suppressed or distorted the Associated Press despatches and sent only news of America that the British wanted the outside word to read. The Associated Press actually placed guards in Renter's offices in an effort to prevent it. And, of course. Havas and Wolff, the other partners of the cartel, repeated the slanted American news they re. ceived from Reuters throughout their respective spheres of influence.

This resulted in what may be called the "gangster era" of American news Newspapers the world over, including our own, received news of America from the cartel, which built up apic. ture of America as aland of violence, sudden death,gangsterism,and general craziness. The real America seldom emerged. Even to-day there are peo. ple in Australia who genuinelv believe that it isdangerous to walk down the main street of Chicago.

Ilavas provides an example of the working of the cartel in the field of Europeannews, Haveswas notonly anew agency,but agreat advertising agency, with apowerful hold over newspapers.Unless papers took Haves news, they received no advertising. Havas owned and controlled alarge group of subsidiaries. It owned the Fabra Agency of Spain, aPortuguese agency, half-owned (with Reuters) the main Belgian news agency and controlled financially the Stefani agency of Italy. King Albert oftheBelgians unsuccessfully tried to break away from the Reuters-Haves domination. Soalso the Italian Stefani. Havas threatened to'withdraw advertising. So Stefan remained asubsidiary of IIavas, until something worse happened. Mussolini took it over as an official Fascist,news agency.

Lott Wing News.

Now it is important to recall that thenewsthatflowedfrom Italy,Spain, Belgium,Portugal,South America,etc., to IIavas's headquarters from its subsidiaries was processed, according to French pohitical policy, before being supplied to its partners in the cartel. Until IIitler conquered France, the Southern European news we read in Australian papers came from Reuters; Reuters got it from Havas; Navas chose and angled it to its needs.

During the thirties, France was ruled by Left-wing Governments—Socialist and Popular Front—with little sympathy for the Catholic Church. Small nwonder, then, that so much European news had a distinctly anti-Catholic flavour. The wonder is thatso much authentic news reached the outside world at all, mainly through other rources, Spanish War.

The case of the Spanish Civil War showed the cartel at work in, perhaps, the greatest conspiracy against truth in the history of journalism. flavas owned the Fabra news agency of Spain tined the overwhelming proportion of the news on the Spanish war was fun. nelled through Havas, under aLeftnving Government, to Reuters and so to virtually the entire English-speaking world. (By this time, of course, Wolff had suffered aworse fate. flit. ler had risen to power in Germany, destroved Wolff, and established in its stead D.N.B., an official Nazi news agency.) The complete truth about the Spanish Civil War never reached the outside world through the standard news agencies,because of the Reutersilavas cartel. The facts that were suppressed or played down by Havas, such ac the Red terror, the persecution

(Continued on Back Cover.)

Problem of Family Wage is One of Financial and Social Readjustment...

AllArtificial Methodsof Birth Prevention are Against Nature &God

—Is the Love of Man for Woman Nothing More Than Animal Instinct?

Human Affection isFostered by Reason and Controlled by Will-

Sincere,SouthWest:

This correspondent asks that the name ofthe townbewithheld. Inthe first part of the letter"Sincere" presentsapictureofthedifficulties,sowell known and so widespread, of raising a large family on asmall wage, and the normal needs ofafamilyin the matter of food, clothing, education and spiritual training. The only answer to these difficulties in so farasthey have afinancial and social cause is afinancial and social readjustment, and that, ofcourse, isapractical matter of postwar planning and,social rehabilitation —the payment of'a "family wage" to all bread-winners, proper medical and clinicalfacilitiesforallcountrymothers and some assistancesuch as Ioutlined last week for domestic help in the home. These and other social remedies simply must be applied if the practical problems of raising afamily are to be solved and intolerable bur. dens removed. Where the cause of limitation of families is asocial cause, the axe has just got to be laid to the root of the tree.

Rut the second part of the letter raises another question. Supposing that parents, whootherwise would like to have alarge family. feel constrained to limit their family, what of the morality of the means? Now, in answering this question, we must rerremher that the motive for wishing to limit one's family does not affect the question. . Whether it he hecause of

the health of the mother, or for economic reasons, or for any other motive, the morality of the various methods of birth contra must be considered on quite adifferent plane. Imean some things are always wrong no matter whatourmotive is indoingthem.Murder can neverbe justified, whether the motive be revenge, or fear, or even to put an end to the victim's suffering tw-

hen there seems no other way out. Even the most humanitarian of mo. tivescannotjustifymurder,orthetaking of innocent life. So, too, in the case we are discussing to-night. No matter what the motives of theparties concerned, some methods of birthcontrol are intrinsically wrong under any and every circumstance, The Church therefore condemns these methods absolutely. She condemns all artifiicial methods of birth control as being against nature and against the law of God. On the other hand she does not condemn voluntary periodic abstinence. My correspondent was aware of this position of the Church, and asks: "Since this periodic abstin. ence has the same end in view as the othercondemned methods—what is the difference in moral values?"

Well, the point at issue is this: The artificial methods of family limitation condemned by the Church are con• demned hecau•c they involve the mis• use of anatural faculty, because they are apositive frustration ofnature, because thev are in other words,unnatu-

ral. The serious abuse of any natural gift is sinful. And as I have just pointedout,thattheend in vieworthe motive is considered legitimate does not justify such an abuse of nature. You see, God gave man the use of his procreative faculties for aspecific purpose—procreation. To expect to enjoy the pleasure God has attached to the use of those faculties without allowing them to achieve the purpose that God intends, is simply to frustrate nature anditisfrustratingGod'stwillinregard to the way that we should use these faculties. Moreover, there is an incident described in the Scriptures where Gal struck dead in the very act itself, aman called Onan because, to quote the text,"he did adetestible thing" (Gen.38,10),in attempting tofrustrate the procreative act.

However, there are no such sanctions applied to voluntary abstinence. Now we are not, at the moment, concerned with the other implications of such abstinence; but only with the point at issue—its morality. When the motive is considered legitimate, this method could onl- be immoral if it were wrongin itself of its very nature. Unlike all artificial methods which were condemned by the law of nature and the law ofGod long before Christ founded theCatholic Church, periodic abstinence with mutual consent is not intrinsically wrong and can be used legitimately.

"Lost Sheep," Fremantle:

Q.: Iwould be pleased if you would givemethefollowinginformation:Is there anything God-like in the love aman has for awoman or is it 'nothing more than animal instinct?

A,: Well, that is astraight question and it could be answered simply by saying "Yes" to the first part, and ,

No, it is something more than animal instinct."to the second part. I fancy, however, that that is not exactIv whatiswanted,and thatitmouldbe helpful to give alittle more explana. tion. In animals the instinct which corresponds to the love aman has for a womanis,initself, somethinggoodand beautiful, and in acertain way it is God-like. Itwas implanted in theanimals by God Himself when lie made them, and for that reason it is good and beautiful. Without it, too, many lovely things would not be in this world—it is one of the things, for example, that explains the protective in. stinet and the fidelity of many am. mals, the songs of birds and their glorious plumage, and so on. It was conceivedbyGod and created by God, and is the beautiful expression of the thoughtsofGod. And, therefore,even the animal instinct that corresponds to theloveofamanforawoman isGod. like in thatSense.

Yet it is such adifferent thing and falls sofarshortofhuman love. This, in areal sense is God-like. In the animals it is ablind unreasoning natural attraction—often indiscriminate. In man all these natural instincts that we have in common with the animals are governed by the person, the Ego within us. We have amind, which theanimalshaven'tgot, to analyseour emotions and feelings: we have awill tocontrolthem—ifwe wish to.Human love can, and often does, rise above

the merely animalgratification of mat• ing, love can even find its consurnimation wherethatisentirely lacking. Yet ofall human instinctsand emotions or passions,theloveofamanforawoman is one of the noblest. Christ raised ittothedignityofaSacramentinmarriage. It is the root of much that is inspiring and even heroic in human endeavour and achievement. A great deal has been dared and done for love ofawoman. Yousee, it is something in itself far different from mere uncon. trolled physical attraction or lust.

When we analyse it there seems to be three or four things that distinguish true love from animal attachment. Chiefoftheseisthe mutualre• spectforoneanother'svirtues,which is really the foundation: then there is the question of compatibility of temperament—physical, intellectual and spiritual: and, finally,alargemeasureoffor. getfulness of self and concentration on thewelfare of theother party. There is, of course, acertain amount of physical attraction, but if love is not fostered b- our reason and controlled by ,he will it is something subhuman. More than that, it becomes something lower than the animal instinct in the animals for, after all, in the animal: their instinct is in keeping with their nature and consequently it is natural. But, on the other hand, this human emotion if not controlled by the will, is out of keeping with man's nature, and therefore unnatural.

I'm going into all this detail because the questions which follow deal with just these aspects of human love applied to aconcrete case.

Now undoubtedly love often begins with physical attraction. But that initial attraction is not yet love. Unfortunately many people mistakenl% think that it is, and as aconsequence they precipitate disaster for their.selves and for others. When the otheelements of love are lacking these attractions can he controlled easily enough. Usually it is not hard to avoid people, and to stop thinking about them, and when thisis done and there is nothing else to it, these feelings of physical attraction die out quickly.

The theory of"love at first sight" is often very pinch misunderstood. and has(loneagreatdealofharm andhelped as much as anything else to fill the divorce courts. True love usually doesn't come like that and if it did the world (could be arather frighteningplacetolive it. We'dneverknow where Cupid was going to strike next. At any moment we might fall hopelessly in love with our best friend's wife,forexample.

Why Does God Permit Catholics and Non-Catholics to Fall in Love?

•*Catholic Doctrine of Marriage

Our Lady is Not on the Same Plane as God .. .

Church's Attitude to Devotion of Nine First Fridays—

Lord, aman would never dare to lookatanywoman! But thingsaren't like that.

Q.:(IfGodhasanything to do withit, why does He permit aRoman CatholicmantofallinlovewithanonCatholic woman?

A.: Veryoften there can bereallove between aCatholic and anon-Catholic, and God, of course, permits it. But circumstances may arise when even something that is good in itself is demanded of us by God. When you come to think of it,life is full of such sacrifices—asked-of us by Him, not necessarily because there is anything wrong in the thing itself that is demandedofusin sacrifice. Goingback to theGardenof Eden, Goddidn'task our first parentsto abstain from the Forbidden Fruit because it was somethingbadinitself—itwasn't. ButHe asked men not to touch it, as an act of obedience and as an expression of ` filiallove. So,too,intheeventoflove developing between aCatholic and a non ,

Catholic,God through His Church asks in this case also—asacrifice.

Q.: Aman who is aRoman Catholic follows thedictates of his ownheart andmarries inanowGatholicchurch thewomanheloves, andthatcouple are blessed with happiness throughout their marriedlife. They rear a family. Would the CatholicChurch beactingasChrist wouldhavedone, by tellingthat couplethattheirchildren are illegitimate, and that the price to bepaid for non-attendance at the Catholic Church by the wife, wouldpossiblybeeternal damnation. Would Christ have sown such seeds ofunhappiness?

A,:Firstofall, theCatholicwhomar. ries in a non-Catholic Church does wrong in following the dictates of his heart and not the dictates of hishead. In the circumstances there is no question of what Christ Himself would do. Having instituted marriage asaSacrament, about which the Catholic ought to know, and having given to His Church the care of the Sacraments, Christ could not do anything but refuse torecogniseasamarriagethe irregular union of this Catholic. After all, Ipresume you'll grant that Christ is consistent.

On the other hand, neither the Church norChrist would make difficul. ties for the non-Catholic party. Pro. bably she is in good faith, and in her unpleasant position would enjoy the sympathy hoth of Christ and of the Church. •

Moreover, the children most certainlywould notbe classed as illegitimate. As has been explained several times over this session, where one party to an invalid marriage is in good faith, the children are regarded aslegitimate by the Church.

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Certainly no onemould threaten the non-Catholic with possible condemna-' tion to Hellbecauseshedidnotattend the Catholic Church. Where in the world'did you get that idea from?

Finally, the onlyonewho would sow seedsof unhappinessinthiscase would be the Catholic party,whodeliberately did what he knew to be wrong, and who led the girl, whom no doubt he professedtolove,intoanequivocaland veryunenviableposition. And Ican't help thinkingit was not aquestion of love with the Catholicman in thecase, so much as that he was only thinking very selfishly of his own desire, and that in the circumstances was despicable. And, by the way, Iwould like to add that in all my experience as a priest, Ihave never met aCatholic married outside the Church who has been so rosily happy as you imply in the case you mention. Strange, isn't it! But there seems to be always a definite something missing in the life of an instructed Catholic who marries in anonCatholic church.

Ichabod, Hollywood:

Q.: This letter refers to asubject already mentioned very often—the worship of the Blessed Virgin. Its imain thesis is that worship of the Blessed Virginis not ordered in the Commandmentsandthattherefore it isidolatry. Badreasoning—because the Commandments are concerned with the adoration of God alone. To provethatCatholicdevotion towards the Blessed Virginis idolatrous it is first of allnecessarytoprove that it contravenes the obligation of adoring God alone, which, of course, is not the case.

Ichabod then continues: Again I quote the Commandments: "Thou shalt have noneotherGods but Me," to keep your mind refreshed. No being createdbyourMakerhas been given the power to worship another ofHiscreaturesandplace that being on the sameplane as God. Thatnr just what the Roman Catholic Church is doing.

A.: This is precisely what the Catholic Church does not do. No Catholic placesnlaryon thesame plane asGod, and it seems that no amount of explanationcanpreventsomepeoplefrom making that accusation. If you wish to attack and condemn Catholic devo. tion to the Motherof God alright, but first of all pay your own intelligence the compliment of finding out what that devotion really is. And Ithink this little bit of advice goes also for your other quotation:"The heathen in his blindness bows down to wood and stone." Youcomparethe heathen ,

who knows no better to the Catholic who does know better. But in order to make your comparison atrue one, you oughttoshowatleastthesimilaritybe tween heathen adoration of wood and stone as worthy of divine honour and Catholic devotion to the Blessed Virgin. Iguess thesimilarity exists only in your mind: in the Catholic Church Mary is given the reverence and worship that is due to the Mother.of God. the Co-Redemptressofthe humanrace, and our mediatrixwithChrist, butshe is not adoredasdivine—forall herdignity she is still but afinite creature like the restof us.

Your concluding statement that Catholics wilfully place abeing of God's creation above orbefore Him is piffle. and Idon'tbelieveyoucould reallybe so ignorant.

Does Not Cause Unhappiness

L.S.,Bunbury:

What doCatholicsbelieveaboutthe death of the Blessed.Virgin? Did she die right after the Aecenaion of Our Lord, or didshelivetoace the formationoftheChurch?

A.: The place and the time of the death of Mary, the Mother of Christ, are both equally uncertain. One current tradition places her death at Ephesus, where she is said to have lived with Saint John, the Apostle, to whom God committed her when dying on the cross. In support of this tradition it is said that the prelate's as. sembled at Ephesus for the General Council in 431 A.D. declared that the highest prerogative'of the city was that it had sheltered Saint John and the Mother of God.

Asecond tradition places her death at Jerusalem, where inlater agesmention was made of her sepulchre cut in arock in Geth'semani, but this view does not seem to be as convincing as the first.

Likewise nothing can be stated with certainty about the date of her death, but it most probably occurred some. where

about the year 50 A.D. She would then have been about seventy years of age. She most certainly lived to see the formation of the Church, and was an inspiration and aMother not only to the early Christian converts but also to the Apostlesthemselves.

Q.: And would you mindcommenting on this: iA friend of mine recently havetheI thra

deahat theywill

ntdo

mercyof Mhy heart, thatitsall-powerful love will grant to all those who will receive Holy Communion on nine consecutive Fridays of the month the grace of final repentance, notdying in My disfavour and without receiving their Sacraments (My divine Heart) becoming their assured refuge at the last moment."

The Church does not and cannot guarantee the authenticity of thispromise(it isamatter of historicalinvestigation),butshe doesgiveitacertain measureofapproval byheracceptance ofthehistorical truth oftheSaint's revelations in general and also her mission to promote devotion to the Sacred Heart of Christ. The Great Promisewasstudied bytheCommission in Rome andwas not condemned. It was inserted in the Bull of canonisation— the only promise mentioned therein.

ewithout theSacramentsif theykeep the Nine First Fridays, because of the promise of Our Lord to St.MargaretMary. ThereisnothingInit; it is not approved by the Church." Ialwaysthoughtitwasapprovedby theChurch.

A.: The devotion of the Nine First Fridays is based on the revelation be. lieved tohave been made by Christ to Saint Margaret Alacoque at Parry-le\fonial in France. She describes it herself in these words: "One Friday during Holy Communion Ile said . "I promise thee in the exceeding great

From the historical viewpoint there does not seem to be any good reason fordoubting the factofthepromise.It must,of course, be understoodand interpretedinconformitywiththe public reveation made'by God and also with the infinite perfectionof Hislove. The veneration of the Sacred Heart is a specialform of the love ofGod, which essentially consists inkeepingHiscommandments. . The Great Promise is practically adivine guaranteethatone whoacts in accord with itwill receive the efficacious grace to die a happy death. Catholics believe this on human faith. Someofthe ablesttheologianshave explainedanddefended the Great Promise, and leading historians have fully accepted its authenticity. The widespread character of the devotion of the Nine First Fridays under the watchful eyes of the bishops throughout the world indicates that it is worthy of belief and practice, and thatithas the approval oftheChurch.

IndulgencesHelpSupplytheSatisfactionDueforSin

Remission of Punishment Made Possible by"Power of Keys"

PartialandCompleteRemission

Conditions Necessary forGaining -Indulgences

WesawwhentreatingofSatisfaction that, although the penance received in Confession wenttowardsSatisfying the • debt of temporal punishment due on account of sin, yet it did not necesarily go thewhole way, and thisinspite of its deriving exceptional satisfactory virtuefrom itsconnexionwiththeSacrament of Penance. The degree in whichOurLordwillstoapplyHisatoningmeritsinagiveninstance isnotrevealedtous.

There may therefore remain over heavy debts of temporal punishment which the comparativelylightpenances notw in use in the Church cannot satisfy. In the earlier centuries of the Church—when the discipline of Public Penance prevailed—the fervour of Christians disposed them to undergo very long and severe penancesr—at all events, for public sins—which might last for long periods. This was the form in which they fulfiller) the Satis. faction connected with the Sacrament of Private Confession.

But, of course this particular way of doing Satisfaction was an ecclesias,

tical arra*ement, not an essential feature of the Sacrament of Penance as instituted by Christ. As the cen. turies advanced, the Church judged it better to abolish this system of public Penance which she had herself estab. lished rather by way of response to the penitential zeal of her children thanasan impositionofherown.

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Out of this change arose the necessity of satisfying thejusticeof God by some other means. This means was the system of Indulgences. Ido not mean that the root-idea of an Indul. gence dates only from the abrogation of public Penance. For, as the writings of Tertullian and St. Cyprian show, apenitent might receive "letters"(libellus pacis) from some confessor of the faith awaiting death which were to pleadfor him withhis Bishop, who, if assured of his contrite dispositions, remitted the restofthe penance. Themeritsofaholymartyr'ssufferings were transferred to his account so as to cancel his debt of Satisfaction.

In view of the "Communion of Saints"—such seems to have been the underlying principle of this primitive usage—all thefaithful,formed one unit. edfamily withChristforitsHead,and shared spiritual goods in common, accordingtotheirneed,even astheChristians in Apostolic days shared their temporal possessions. And just as, evenwith us, some offendingchild in a family might be let off chastisement due "in honour;" as we might put it, of some distinguished feat or success achieved by another member of the household, so the early Christian penitent's debt of penance wa-s held to havebeen compensated for by the heroic sufferings of his martyr-brother for the name of Jesus. He was deemed to have satisfied God's justice by proxy.

inancient Rome we findasomewhat similarnotioncontainedintheprivilege accorded to the chastity of aVestal Virgin, by which she might claim the pardon of acriminal whose path she chanced to cross on his way to execu. tion. if there he anything here be-

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yond apure coincidence, it only illustrates the truth that the Church of Christ, beingaliving organism animatedby theSpiritof'God,takes up from her surroundings whatever there it

of truth and goodness, purifies it, and

assimilates it into her men system.

Still,the wider use ofindulgences, as we know it, iscertainly adevelopment of later centuries. It is amore ex. tended application of the prerogative bestowed by Christ Himself on St. Peter:"To theewill Igive the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound also in heaven; and whatsoever thoushalt loose on earth shall be loos. en also in heaven." Heaven remains closedtoallwho,though released from the guilt of sin, still need to satisfy debts of temporal punishment arising from that guilt"to the last farthing."

By the powerof"loosing" exercised in thegrant of indulgences, apower vested in its fulness in the successors of Peteroccupying theHolySee, the closed gates of the heavenly kingdom are opened to the sincere penitent. The "Power of the Keys" is brought into play not only by absolution from sin. ful guilt, but alsoby remission of punishment due to sin after the removal of the guilt.

The inexhaustible riches of Christ's atoning merits lie in the keeping of the Church asin some rich treasury. Theywerebequeathed,afterHisascent into heaven,by theHeadofthe Church toHisbrideonearth, tobeadminister. ed and dispensed according to the needs of her spiritual household, the faithful.

When she grants an indulgence on certain devotional conditions, she drawsfromtheall-atoningwealthofher Spouse's merits for payment of the debts of satisfaction contracted by her children. The merits of the Divine Eldest Brother thus compensates for the deficiencies of ourselves made His younger brothers and sisters by the grace of"adoption of sons."

TheChurch drawsfrom this limitless fund in different measures. There are partial indulgences—say, of ahundred or three hundred days. What does this mean? It means that when an early Christian did public penance for such periods of time, he satisfied (through Christ) for his sins to acertain extent. What thatextent is the Churchdoes not know,forGod has not revealed it to her. But she intends ,

to apply to its that particular measure(whatever it may he) from the merits of Christ. Thus, an indulgence of fifty days does not mean that fifty davR ,

Purgatory are remitted, but that the same amount of temporal punish. merit can he escaped by gaining the said indulgence as the early Christian would, in(:rd's knowledge,have escaped by doing public penance for the space of fifty clays.

Besides partial indulgences, there are plenary ones—those which, if gained by an individual Catholic, wipe out the,whole debt oftemjoral punishment that may Le due for sins the guilt of which has been remitted by sacramental absolution. Again what the mmountof thedebt ma_ybe the Church doesnotknow,forlackofrevelationon the point. But whatever it may be, shedrawswhatisnecessary:andaperson who has properly fulfilled all the conditions for aplenary indulgence is quit of all debt, and if he died on the spot would gostraight to heaven without passing through Purgatory. This enables us to understand the eagerness of<ome to gain aplenary indulgence.

From what hasbeen said above, one sees the absurdity of some Protestant notions about Catholic Indulgences. They regard them as permissions to sin!

Now an Indulgence can never remit the guilt of sin. It supposes sincere repentance of it, and removal of its guilt. But a person who wanted leave to commit sin would desire to sin, which is itself theguiltof sin, and therefore wholly incapacitates him for receiving an Indulgence!

Again, some Protestants think that anIndulgenceisanactbywhich some priestor other white-washesaCatholic who has done wrong, and relieves him of the spiritual consequences of his Irrrong-doing! He makes it "all right" forhiml Now, apartfrom the little fact that no priest has power to give an Indulgence of himself, nothing but sincere repentance and purpose of amendment can rid asoul of the guilt of sin.

Itis alleged by controversialists that at some periods Catholic ecclesiastics have sold Indulgences for money. If Tetzel, or any other individual, did this he sinned greatly, after the style of Simon Magus, and departed from theteachingofhisChurch,which never sanctionedany hideous iniquity. Itis hardlynecessarytoenterintothatcontroversy here. But is an Indulgence wrong because some may have used theirfree willstoabuseit? TheName of God, the grace of God would be wrong—money and enjoyment would bewrong—atthisrate; formany make abad use of allTour.

But as to the fact of such alleged simony. Itis notsimonytoassign,as acondition for gaining an Indulgence, the giving of an alms for areligious purpose. Such apurpose is good and virtuous, and the furthering of it a meritorious deed. Thatisentirelydifferent to selling an Indulgence; for, to sell, one must institute acomparison ' betweenthethingandthemoneygiven. The Church was never so mad•as to suppose that the benefit of Christ's atoningmeritscouldpossiblybevalued in£s.d.! Thus,forgainingtheplenary Indulgence at atime of"jubilee," one ofthe assigned conditionsusually is to give to aparticular fund an alms for thepoor. That,again,isapiouswork much praised intheBible,butdoesnot involve selling the.jubilee Indulgence! It is only those who—like the mostly evil-living Reformers of the sixteenth century—areinterestedinpickingholes in the Catholic Church, who would maintain such acalumny,orindulge in such ignorant confusion of thought.

About GainingIndulgences.

Plenary indulgences, or full remission of temporal punishment remaining due, are usually to be gained on the following conditions:(1) Confession:(2) Communion; (3) prayer for the Holv Father's intentions, for which the recital, e.g., of five"Our Fathers," live"Ifail Marys," and five Glorias wouldsuffice inpointoflength.Whena Plenary Indulgence is announced in church as obtainable on a certain feast or ecclesiastical occasion,"on the usual conditions," the above three are the conditions referred to.

As regards coalition(1), those who are accustomed to confess twice a month need not repeat the Confession for each plenary indulgence as it oc.' curs. The twoConfessionssuffice.This applies to all the faithful. With regard tothose who carry-out the ardent wishesof the Holy See by practising daily Communion, they are not bound to the above condition of Confession twice amonth (Canon 931). The Communion and the prayers for the Pope must be fulfilled whenever we wish to ' gain aPlenary Indulgence. We are allowed to try for several concurrent Plenary Indulgences under a single Communion. Buttheprayersmustbe repeated for each of them.

Partial indulgences are indulgences, e.g., of fifty, one hundred, three bun. dred days, etc. It wewant to secure these indulgences, we must fulfil literally the conditions on which they are granted in each case(see"Raccolta" of indulgences, English version). Good faith in making mistakeswillnotserve its. The same amount of temporal punishment isremitted by apartial indulgence that would have been remitted to an early Christian performing public penance for the period named in the indulgence.

Again PmWar Quislity Root Paint. Z6/-gal. MMWhite,{/- tin.Hatnell's, 550 Wellington street.

..."OnlyChastity guarantees Safety"

AnAcceptableApproachtothePrevention&CureofSocialDiseases

When Grievous Sin and Loathsome Maladies Go Together— Knowledge is Not Enough But Some is Necessary...-

Bar too important to go unnoticed by theCatholiccommunityistheselec. tionby the N.S.W. HealthDepartment asthethemeofitsAnti-V.D,campaign of the principle:"Only Chastity Guarantees Safety."

To the Catholic, of course, the principle is unquestionable and elementary. But it is only the better-informed Catholic, nvith areal knowledge of theattentiongiven tomoral considerations by official policy-makers, who will realise the important principle that emerges from the enlightened stand adopted by the local authorities in conducting acampaign against venereal diseases that will consist of the publication of ageneral booklet, articles and advertisements in the press, radio announcements, posters and the lirpited exhibitions of specially-selected films.

It is not, of course, suggested here that every aspect of the official campaignwill be completely acceptable to t'alholie people; and as the various aspects of the campaign take shape each will have to be examined on its own merits.

Still, strong support from the Catholic section of the community should, be extended to the Health Department for its approach to what is undoubtedly one of the most intricate medico-moral problems that exist.

It may sound peculiar to some, but it is nevertheless true to say that the official stand is positively courageous. Such an opinion is based on arecognition of things as they are in secular society, and in official circles. The Department is bound to receive opposition from some individuals and groups for its"reactionary" and "wowsery" stand, which is an added reason why it behoves Catholics and other reFpons;blc citizens to commend the officiA policy.

U.S. Campaign.

It is all the more pleasing to be able to speak with approval of the manner in which local authorities have sought to publicise the menace of venereal diseases, because it is only a matter of montlis since reports from America told how the Catholic community of • that country had to raise strenuous nppo::ition, finally rewa-ded with success, against acompletely unsatisfactory approach adopted by the A111- 1,;oil authorities.

The need for chastity was never even mentioned in the American publicity, the tone of which wascharacterisedin aposterwhichpictured ayoung woman entering aV.D. clinic, beneath which was the caption:"Doorway to a Normal Life."

The formula, upon which the local authorities appear to'be basing their campaign, is the following: Chastity is' the only defence againstV.D.; if, however,the diseaseiscontracted,itiscurable; ignorance and lack of knowledge are restricting cures; it is conceivable thatV.D. couldbe completely removed from the community in ageneration.

It is, perhaps,incredible that the real effects of this group of malignant diseases arenotcommonlyknown. It is, however, nothard to be shaken out of an attitude ofcomplacency towards their effects upon society.

Think of the crowds you see in a tram,arestaurant,atafootballmatch, listening to aconcert„walking along the street.

Oneoutof every tenof these people is aV.D. sufferer.

That comesasashock tosome. It is worth thinking about. It is the

clue to why medical and health authoritiesare perturbedaboutV.D., and are bent upon eradicating it.

Dire Consequences.

Remember, too, that the war has made conditions infinitely worse. It is not hard to discover why the Commonwealth Government has provided funds for the State Government to do something about V.D.

But, that is only one side of the picture.

The other side is that venereal diseases, unlesstheyare underclose medical control, are one direct and certain causeofaset ofother viciousdiseases.

This is not the place togo into the medical aspects of the diseases we are talking about, and it is not even proposed to catalogue the venereal diseases here.

-Butitisworthlooking at the names ofsome of thediseasesthey cause.The following are some examples: Insanity, paralysis, blindness, heart disease, aneurism,premature senility, arthritis.

Ofspecial importanceisthefactthat blindness and deformity may occur in children where one or both of the par. ents, knolvingly or otherwise, is suffering from V.D. As well. there is the probability of sterility in men and women who have suffered from any form of them, and mothers are liable to experience serious complications at child-birth.

These are hard, grim, medical facts. And, it is with suchknowledge that a Caholic viewpoint must he brought to bear,

on all aspects of V.D., including the view that acampaignofeducation can have abeneficial effect upon the community, and is morally justifiable. Effect o1 Sin.

Venereal diseases are, of course, unique in that the contraction of them isalmostinvariablyassociated with the commission of grievous sin.

Onepoint1-roughtoutby the present campaign is that it is far more unlikely than is usually imagined that aperson cha;! contract 1'.D. outside of sexual relations. The booklet issued by the Department sets out the facts in this connection very clearly and healthily. The big conclusion is contained in one statement: "V.1), is almost a,ways contracted by sexual intercourse with apemn stifft-ring from the disease.

it follow•q, therefore, that if the sin kavoided the disca<e simply cannot be contracted fignormg the exceptions pro tem).

Catholic people, then, who keep the lawof God and remain chaste, are automatically placed out of reach of the dread diseases, and their terrible con. sequences.

It is asked, then, what need I&there for knowledge beyond the teaching of ehastity?

The reply to that question is not easy. But to this correspondent, it appears thatasatisfactoryanswer can be reached.

it is starklv true, of course, that knowledge alone does not necessarily mean even areduction in the disease. There is sometruth in theview that it may, in some cases, actually increase it. Knowledge of the medical preventatives, togetherwith arealisation that penicillin has revolutionised the cure of some forms of venereal diseases, may make some more daring in their depravity. The Health Department has recorded cases where individuali

But there is aLusicsetof facts that mustbeknownin amoral and healthy manner, even by maturing children.

Fete will deny, for example, that it must beknown that there are aset of diseases known as venereal disease's; that theyare of avery serious nature; that they are almost invariably contractedthrough sinful,sexualrelations; that it is almost impossible for the chaste to be affected by them; that there are exceptions to this rule, and that certain habits and safeguards exist against contracting the disease while living achaste life; that these diseasescan lead to insanity andother terrible diseases;that they are curable; that medical treatment is available; that it is alegal offence to fail to report the contraction of these diseases; that they can be readily recognised by well-defined symptoms.

Necessary Knowledge.

Knowledge of this kind must be regarded as no more than necessary equipment fornormal people whohave of necessity, to brush shoulders with all thephenomenathat go tomake up contemporary society,andwhomaybe rendered pathetically vulnerable if they are denied anormal and healthy knowledge of aspects of the venereal disease problem such as those listed above.

An examplemight be helpful.

A person who has contracted ve. nereal disease, other than in illicit intercourse,'through ignorance, cancarry the disease with him, marry, infect his wife involve her in difficultchild-birth. and possibly see his children afflicted with congenital disabilities. A man who has contracted the disease sinfulIv may unknowingly do all these things, too.

Such facts arebeyond dispute. Some forms of V.D., not all, of course, can be carried around innocently and onknnwingly for years. Cases such as these,will surely benefitby the acquisition of essential knowledge.

The difference of opinion, where the Catholic viewpoint must adopt an uncompromising stand, arkes when the question of the point at which the knowledge must end comesup for discussion. and when attention is being given to those to whom the knowledgeshould becommunicated,and the manner in which it should be conveyed. Indications, so far, are that there will not be 'ijectionable features in these respects.•ofar as t'ec forthcoming campaign is concerned.

:ldvices so far indicate that the De. partment has sought to handle the radio publicity section of the campaign with care and delicacy—it consists of one-minute "spots" only—but thismustbe regarded asoneofthedubious aspects. In this connection, it will be recalled that the Right Rev. Monsignor J.:lfeany, the Catholic spokesman to the Federal Committee on Broadcasting, specifically opposed radio publicity on venereal diseases.

The view intended to be expressed in this article, therefore, is that the Catholic community has good reason to commend the general approach to this intricate question of apublicity campaign on V.D., and will find little to object to in the detailsof the campaign.

Prophylaxis.

The best that can be done, in the opinion of the writer,is to score the immorality of sexual promiscuity with all available emphasis, but to admit theuseof the prophylaxis to prevent greater evils by way of diseases, particularly the infection of innocent parties.

s have contracted the disease and been cured eight times.

After all, if the sin had been confessed and forgiven, there wouldbenoobjection to medical science removing the physical stain. Even where repentance is not based on the right dispositions of amendment,and the rest,or where there is no repentance atall, theredo notappeartobesound arguments to oppose the use of the prophylaxis; that is, in certain forms. Clearly the nature of the prophylac-

tic safeguards rust be closely examined and pronounced upon by appropriate moral authorities.

On this point, it may be stated definitely that no Catholic authority will ever condone the use of aprophylaxis that is, besides, an abortifacient or conception preventative.

Knowledgeanduseofprophylaxisis, of'course,the contentiouselement.

What has to be denied here is the viewpoint—and it is no use denying that outside of those who are impressed with the necessity of chastity it is widespread—that, having participated in what the official booklet is blunt enough to call"illicit intercourse," the next step is tobenefit by medical science' invention of the prophylactic. Promiscuity is normal and natural; prophylaxis is the hygienic safeguard.

Other Issues.

Such acombination of ideas must be condemned, and fought relentlessly.

There are other outstanding issues that are in need of final moral clarifi. cation. It may be anticipated that there would be opposition from 'some quarters to aproposal for auniversal blood test for venereal diseases, particularly in the case of people being married. That issue has not arisen yet, and it is not the purpose of this article to pronounce upon it. It is mentioned.as anexample of important issues in relation to the V.D. question that require constant Catholic scrutiny.

Catholic public opinion may be called upon to exert itself in relation to discussion in the near future on matters related to venereal diseases, and it is essential that the contentious aspects be clarified and that Catholic people adopt awell-defined stand, so that there will be no possible grounds for unjustifiable charges of obscurantism or ignorance.

Alittle knowledge remains adangerous thing, but there is some knowledge thatisneededby all togetalong satisfactDrily.

Polish Contribution to War

BATTLE LOSSES EXCEED BRITISH.

The extent of Poland's losses during the presentwar is shown by an article in "Fighting Poland," London weekly published for the Polish ArmedForces. Itfore than 900,000 Poles were lost on thebattle-fronts,itispointed out, compared with British losses of 733,000 for the same period, and United States lossesofhalfamillion.

"If one compares the population of the three countries, the significance of Poland's contributionbecomesextremely impressive," the Polish weekly comments. Observing that "public opinion is beginning to forget the immense effort the Poleshaveputt into the'tear compared with their limited material and human resources," theweeklycalls atention to the fact that the Polish armedforcesItA4eatleasttwiceplayed adecisivepartinthecourseofthewar.

"The Polish Army caused such great loss to the Reichwehr in September, 1939, that it tok the Germans six months to replace the casualties," the weekly states. "This gave aperiod of time for further preparation on the part ofthe Western Allies." itpoints to the prominent part Polish airmen took in the historic"Battle of Britain." "Among the twenty-two United Nations, only Polish air unitsgave effective assistance to the R,A.F."

The weekly emphasises that "the Polish soldier has not waited for his countrytobe liberated byforeignarmies. He takes part in bloody battles without regard for personal safety, as was doneinthe Wartsaw uprising. The Polish soldier is aware of his responsibilityandknowsthatthePolishArmed Forces are playing adecisive role in the recovery of big country's savereignt-v,"

ThreehundredYearsAgoMaryWardDiedinMidstofCivilWar TrialswhichBesetFoundressofLoretoNuns

Catholic Action in Militant Anti-Catholic.England

... Debt of

Modern Religious

Orders to Mary Ward —

"It is apleasure to stand upon the shore,and tosee ships tossedupon the sea; apleasure to standinthewindow ofacastleand to see abattleand the adventures thereofbelow; butnopleasure is comparable to the standing upon the vantage ground of truth and to see the errors and wanderings and mistsand tempestsin thevalebelow," Solet us take our stand upon the hill of truth and gaze back over the pageant of history for some three hundredyears. In 1645,"MerrieEngland" wasno more. HenryVIII had proclaimedhimself Head of the Church of England, and had despoiledthemonasteries, with the hospitals, schools and shrines. lie and his minions had enriched themselves with Church lands, endowmentsandaltar vessels. Resistance had been crushed with merciless severity—but the struggle continued underElizabeth. Againsttheglorious picture of the "spacious days of good QueenBess," with theirgrowthofmaterial prosperity, we see thedarkbackground of growing pauperism and ignorance. We see that background crossed by spies and pursuivants, engaged in trampling out the ancient faith. We see noble men and women harassedbyfinesandimprisonmentand torture. We see the whole array of weapons used to seduce Catholics to apostasy or to hunt to death those who stood firm. We see, too, unfortunately, in an atmosphere of spying, suspicion, and treachery, that the Catholicsthemselvesweredividedbv suspicion and rivalry and factions. Puritanism grew in strengthunderJames I until the Civil War broke out in 1642. Oliver Cromwell breathing threateningsand slaughter on all thatsmacked of Catholicism, was besieging York Amidthe horrorsof thesiege.therelay dyingavaliant woman,whosesoul was filled with peace and thanksgiving, for she had come safely through the mist

andthetempestand hadplantedaseed that, in God's good time, would bring forth anabundant harvest overall the earth. That woman was Mary Ward, Born in 1585, in the reign of Eliza. beth, Mary Ward was the eldest daughterof SirMarmaduke Ward,lord of Mulwith, Givendale and Newby, , a gentlemanwho tracedhis descentfrom the reign of William the Conqueror, andwhose coat of arms, the Golden Cross on azure ground, is still reflected in the traditionalblue and gold of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Far aboveall such worldlydistinctions, the Wards valued their Catholic Faith. Time and time again Sir Marmaduke wagfined fornon-attendanceat Protes. tant service and his house was ransacked in search of Priests. Ursula Wright, Marys grandmother, had, for conscience take, spent fourteen years in the rat and vermin infested prisons of the time. No wonder that Mary Ward was remarkable for her courage and fortitude, for she had learned in ahard school to"seek first the Kingdom of God and His Justice." As Mary grew to maturity, she longed to devote herself to the service of God hoping that in the cloister she might findapeaceful refuge, where shemight work and pray for the restoration of the Faith in England. Her father greatly desired that she would marry EdmundNeville,heir to theWestmoreland title and estates, and so secure a powerfulCatholicinfluence inNorthern England. At length, Sir Marmaduke withdrew his opposition, and Mary, leaving her country and her father's house sailedfor Flanders.. At St, Omer's in 1605 she was, through some misdirection, advised to becomeanout-sisterof the PoorClares and, for about ayear, she went on a daily round of begging bread through thestreetsofFlanders. Ontheadvice ofthe Generalofthe Franciscans,Mary

departed and received the inspiration ofestablishingaConventof PoorCares especially for English exiles. To this foundation she devoted her dowry and entered the convent asanovice. Her sufferingsandprivationshadshownher how difficult it wasfor English girlsto follow their vocation in religious houses whoseinmatesdiffered sogreat. lyinlanguage,habits,temperamentand customs. This convent remained fo4 centuriesand,later becamethemother. house of many new foundations in France, England and Ireland. They cherished the memory of Mary Ward with loving gratitude. Mary found great peace in this convent, but, after somemonths,shefeltinspiredthatGod called her to some other work, "very much to His honour,greatly for His glory, and for the utility of her neighbour and the good of others." Once moreplacingherhandinGod's,shefacedoutinto thedarkness. Shedecided to return to England.

So,in 1609,weseeMary Wardtaking her place in the fashionable society of London. Herrankgave her readyadmittance into the houses of the great. We seeherrichly garbedatdancesand garden parties, drifting along the Thames in gondolas and barges. People shook their heads and blamed and criticised her. Little did they dream that her dress of heavy crimson velvet with its wide Vandyke collar concealed a,hair shirt, or that, after her return lateatnight,shespentlonghourskneeling in prayer on the bare floor in the darkness. Her soul was aflame with the desire to save souls. In the alcove of aballroom she would explain the Catechism. As she walked across the lawns, she paused here and there towhisperwherethe HolySacrificewas to be celebrated on the morrow. The poorquartersofthecityknewheralso. In the humblegarb of aserving maid. she visited the Catholics in prison and guided the hunted Priests to the sick and dying. It was said by the Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury that she was "theGreat Evil,"and thatshe "did moreharm than six Jesuits."Con. sidering this, we understand why the Ladiesof the Grail revere Mary Ward as their special patroness, for she was carrving out in its perfection the apos• tolateofCatholicAction.

Soon Mary Ward no longer worked alone. Agroup of young girls, seeing the greatharvestofsouls thatshe was reaping and feeling the inspiration of her leadership, asked her to take them tinder her direction, declaring their readiness to spend themselves for the good of their neighbour. They talked over their plans. An apostolatein its widest sense, made necessary by the times, was the idea in Mary's mind. Their decision wag to leave England and go to aCatholic country with the resolutionofseeking theirown sanctifi. cation and the education of Catholic girls. In the years 1609-11 we see-the "English Ladies" living in the Rue Grosseat St.Omer in Flanders. They were conducting ahoarding school for chidren sent from adistance and a dayschool forthechildrenof the town. God bloswd the idea. Many English girls offered themselves for the ncork and the school grew and flourished. They were still without afixed Rule, when suddenly Mary wasstricken with what <eemed afatalillness. Hercony panions, in their distress, set out nna pilgrimage to the Shrine of Our Lady of Montaigu. In their absence, Mary Ward heard, in the depths of her soul, God tellingher to take the Ruleofthe SocietyofJesus,adapting it to the use of'w•omen. At the same time,shefelt thatshewascured,and the longperiod of doubt and darkness passed away. Her path lay clear before her. Itwas beset with trials, persecution, opposition and failures—but her trust inGod never faltered

Mary Ward realised that in the diffi. cult and changing times, she must have ameasure of freedom that had never been thought possible for religious women. She wanted to unite active work--especially- the education of the young—with the duties of religious

life. She wanted non-enclosure, that is,freedomtogooutamongthepeople, conductdayschools. It was the noveltyof theseideaswhichrousedopposi• tion, since,in many quarters,Mary's experiment's were regarded as danger• ous innovations. Writingin 1921, His Eminence,Cardinal Bournesaid:"It is aduty of gratitude to recall continually to the CatholicsofEngland,and indeed of the wholeUnited Kingdom, as wellas toalltheteaching Ordersof religious women throughout the world, that the very existence of the modern educational and charitable Congregations, such as we know them in their almostcountlessmultiplicity,wasmade possible by the supernatural foresight, theheroicperseverance,andtheterrible disappointmentsandsufferingsofMary Ward. She.waged the battle, to the pointofapparentdefeat,ofwhichthey are reaping the victory. To no one after their own special founders do they owe greater gratitude than to Mary Ward."

Complaintswerepouring into Rome, and alarming results were t ,

redicted if theyremainedunchecked.The silence of Nlary sfriendsin her hour of need, the misrepresentationsof herenemies, and her own application, not for , Weekly Sweeps NOW OPEN 246b CHARITIES _Consultation £2000 1st PRIZE Ticker !/0 an We everywhere or direct from the Lotteries Commissions, Boir C100, t:.P.n.;Perth.

olerance only but for appr+hat;on of 1,er bnstitute, obliged the Holy Father to lake some step. Four Cnrd'uuals were appointedby Pope UrbanVIII to examine her petition. Rutadesignso much at variance with all precedent port so vehemently denounced by nnnnv could not at that time receive

How theWorkof 30YearswasSuddenlyDestroyed ...Second Institute Founded in Rome

TheExile Returnsand DiesinEngland How the Work Spread Throughout the World

formal approbation. And, judgment being given against her, no course remained open but suppression.

Inamoment, theworkofthirtyyears was destroyed, her flourishing Houses werebroken up and theirtwo or three hundred members sent adrift on the world. The schools were closed and —unknown to Pope Urban—Mary her. self was imprisoned- She had previ. ously taken the precaution of ensuring by letters to the various Houses promptand completesubmissiontothe decree which she had foreseen.

Assoonasthe Pope wasmadeaware .ofherimprisonment,heorderherimmediate release. She hastened to his feet and, to the amazement of her so far triumphant enemies, was not only received with fatherly kindness, but allowed to resume her manner of life under his own eyes. In Rome, then, her second Institute took shape. She openedaschool in ahouse on the Esquiline, which remained the Mother (louse of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary until after the approbation of the Rule by Po

pe Clement XI, in 1703. Owing to ill-health Mary was forced to leave Rome, and she betook herself to England in 1632 Underthe protection of Queen Ile6rietta.liana, she opened aschool in London, but religiousfanaticism ryas rifeandtheCivil Warbroke out. Pursuivants searched the-house as often as four times in twenty-fourhours. So-Marysetouton her last journey and took up her residence outside York. There she died onJanuary30 1615,kissingherCrucifix

Nationalisat11

By Colin Clark,in "The

andlovinglywhispering theHoly :Fame ofJesus,

"Entrusted with aprovidential mission towardsherownandfuture times, Mary Ward was richly dowered both by nature and by grace. Her character was remarkable at once for its many-sidedness and for its simplicity. Vehement desire of martyrdom coupled with apatience that no years of weary waiting for the manifestation of God's designs could exhaust; meek. ness in the face of contradiction and illnvill united with the zeal of the Boanerges where the honour and interests of God were concerned; acleay. ing to God's will that at the voice of authority abandoned with perfect sererity the very plans inspired by Him; acute bodily and mental suffering over. masteredby anenergyofwill thatwas ativays ready with aplayful word to sustain the courage of her children— these are beautiful traits, not always found united, we venture to say, even in God's holy ones."

Mary Ward's companions lived to carry on her(cork. in. 1686, owing chiefly to the protection of Mary of Modena, wife of James II., the "Eng. lish Virgins" were enabled to purchase the House in Micklegate Bar, York, which remains the property of the In. stitute of this day. For more than a hundred years, the sister ilouses at Hammersmith andYorkwere the only convents of religious women in England. In the 17th,century, therewere six Houses of the Institute in Rome, GermanyandEngland. At the House

ion of Insurance

Advance to Sccial Security;' Realities of Recon. stru^tion,No. 9. Melb,University Press.

On the whole. Iant not anadvocate of'thc nationalisation'of industries; it would (cork badly and should not be put forward as a general policy. I think nationalisation should be confin. ed toalimited number of industriesof a particular nature. and ihave no doubt whatsoever that insurance should head thelist ofthose industries.

Industrial insurance, whether you wk at it in England or Australia, definitely stints. Of the premium's collectedfrom poor families, 3S per cent. tire absorbed in profits and expenses. The number oflapses is about half the number of policies issued. The incur. ance racketkimmensely strong,and is very well capable of preventing itself from being criticised.

The only real criticism ofthe British insurance companies was made by a Conservative member of Parliament, Sir Arnold Wilson, who joined the Royal Air Force, and, at the age of fifty.eight, was killed at Dunkirk. He wrote abook oil this subject of industrial insurance; and an insurance man havingreaditwouldgoanddrownhimself. In it he pointed out the inter. esting fact that the insurance racket works in four ways:

tl) Very powerful financial interests operate the insurance companies.

(2) There are strong trade union interests of the insurance collectors which ensure that the Labour Party and trade union movement will never indulge in any criticism of the insur. ance companies.

(3) There are also the very large number oflawyers who suck theblood outofthevictimsoftheinsurancecompanies.

(4)-Perhaps the most despicable is theactuarial profession itself,whichal-

ways places its professional knowledge unreservedly at the disposal of the insurance companies, however much they exploit the community.

No doubt we are up against avery powerful andaverystinking thing.'rhe British Government has rejected Sir William Beveridge's proposal for the nationalisation of insurance. Sir Arnold Wilson'sbookalso containsavery interesting passage in which he cony merited upon the complete silence of the universities on the subject of insur. ance and its immense repercussicros rni the lives of wage-earners. According to Sir Arnold Wilson, Sir William Beveridge, whowas at the time Directorof the LondonSchoolofEconomics,point• cd out that it would lie impossible for the London School to •imjertakc any criticisms of the activities ref insurance companies, for reasons which may be left to theimagination, Sir Arnold Wilson also quotes front the left-wing periodical,"New States. man." whichevery twelve months pro. Auces an "lusurance Supplement," in which the activities of the insurance companies are belauded. The British Cabinetisobviously inamoodofmud• die and indecision in this matter, and Ithink thatitisinevitable thataCabi. netcarryingatthemoment suchheavy responsibilities of defence cannot give its attention to aproblem,of social policy. That has been the trouble for many yearsin GreatBritain, and there is agreat deal in the saving that it is quite time that England had home ruleI

in Augsburg there exist to this day fifty large oil paintings portraying the entire life of Mary Ward. They hang along the wallsof the longcorridor. In the 18th.century there were fourteen Housesof theInstitute,spreadthrough Germany,Austro, Roumania, Bohemia, Italy and the Tyrol. After the French Revolution and the secularisa. lion in Germany, the 19th. century saw one hundred and forty Houses, From England, Italy, Germany and Ireland, the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Maryhas spreadtoSpain,Siwit. fierland, India, Canada, United States, Chile, Brazil, Africa and Australia. In 1909, the ln'`titute of the Blessed Virgin Mary had nearly six thousand Re. ligious, under whose care were more than sixty thousand children. On April 30,19119, by aspecial decree issued at Rome the Religiousof theInstitute of BY.M. were graciously permitted to acknowledge Mary Ward publiclyas theirfoundress.

As early as 1814, when Ireland was still groaning under the Penal Laws, Archbishop Murray, of Dublin, longed to provide the opportunity ofa.Catholic education for the girls of Ireland. He conceived the idea of introducing the Institute. of the Blessed Virgin Mary toIreland and wroteto the Superiorat theBarConvent,York.At the time she told him that she could provide neither astaff of Nuns nor sufficient money for the purpose. But God Himself was providing the instrument for this work. Frances Teresa Ball, an Irish girl, who had spent five years at school at the Bar Convent, nowentered the novitiateand was spe-

Icially trained with this purpose in view. Two Irish girls who might have helped her died in the novitiate and it wasnot till 1821 thattwo Irishnov. iceswere ready to go toDublin under Sister Mary Teresa's care. Archbishop Murray purchasedRathfarnhamHouse. destined to become the Mother.House of the Irish Branch of the Institute. Hoping to foster thebeautiful spiritof the Holy House of Nazareth, Mother Teresa Ball called her first House "Loreto." Out of love and loyalty to the Mother House, each subsequent foundation(was called"Loreto." In ,1875,MotherGonzagaBarrycamefrom Ireland to introduce the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Australia, where there are now twelve Houses in the various States of the Commonwealth. The foundation in this State wasmadein1897.

86, looking back over three.hundred years from the vantage ground of truth, we see in MaryWard onemore instance of the triumph of failure, We have seen the grain ofwheat fall into theground andapparently die. Frorr our vantage ground wehavebeenable toestimate the richnessof the harvest thathas grown from the crushed seed. God grant that, ere many years have passed, the daughters of Mary Ward mayhear from Romethe call to"arise and call her Blessed."

Prayer for the Beatification of Mary Ward.

0 Heavenlv Father, Almighty God, Ioffer up to Thee this day all the Holy Masses, said throughout the whole Catholic World to obtain the grace that the servant of God; Mary Ward, may be publicly acknowledged worthy of beatification. 0 Jesus, deign to glorify Thy humble servant. Amen.

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TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducation on modern lines in all branches of study. The pupils are prepared forallexaminations. TheSchoolis beautifully situated between Ocean and River,in extensive grounds, with fine playing fields and private Swimming Pool in River. Telephone:F2135. Apply— MOTHER SUPERIOR.

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Drastic Ethiopian

Restrictions on Missions

DWREE OF EMPEROR.

Mfsatonary activity in Ethiopia will in tuture be drastically restricted as theresultofanewdecreeissuedbythe Emperor Haile Selassie.

The decreeforbidsmissionariestoattempt to convert Ethiopian nationals and debars them fromareaspredominantly populated by members of the Ethiopian Church.

Thedecree,whichhasbeenpublished in the Ethiopian official gazette,"Nogarit Gazeta," establishes"open areas" in which the inhabitants are predom• inantly non-Christian. In these missionaries may work.

Areas occupied predominantly by members-of the EthiopianChurch are called in the decree"EthiopianChurch areas"and missionaries will notbe allowed to carry out their normal work in them

Addis baba, the capital, has been listed as an "open area"in which missionary schools may be opened.

Missions maynot be establishedina Church area, says the decree,"for the purpose of proselytising," although missionary bodies will be permitted to establish hospitals or nondenominational schools in them.

Religious instruction in a mission school or hospital in such an area must be confined to what the decree calls "principles of Christianity common toall Christian Churches."

Such schools and hospitals may be required to admit also teachers qualified to teach the Ethiopian Church faith.

In "open area's," missions may teach and preach theChristian faith of their own denomination without restriction.

The general language of instruction throughout Ethiopia shall be the Amharic language,the decree declares, adding that all missionaries will be expected to learn the language,

Amissionary contravening the stipulations of the new law may be deport. edand themissionary society ofwhich

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he is amemberexcluded from further work in Ethiopia.

ACommittee on Missions with th Minister of Educationas chairman has been establishedbytheEmperor. The Minister has entire discretion to allow orrefusemissionariestoenterthecountry and it ishewho will specify the areas to which each mission will have to confine its activities.

All missions already established in the countryhavetosubmit to theMinister of Education full particulars including number of personnel, with their names,ages and nationality, the areas.inwhichthemissionoperatesand the nature of itsactivities.

A well-known missionary priest in London told"TheCatholicTimes"that Emperor Haile Selassie had always been regarded asbeing sympathetic to Catholicmissionaries,but was not very keen on theLatin rite. Hehad, however,several adviserstwho were known to be against European missionary workofanykind.

The presumption,therefore,is that the Emperorhasbeeninfluenced in his new decree by his advisers.

Before the war missionary work in Ethiopia wasinthehands of French Capuchins and Italian Consolata Priests. There was one Vicariatethat ofGalla,with Mgr.AndreaJamsseau as Vicar Apostolic-and the Prefecture Apostolic of Kaffa,•with Mgr. Luigi Santa as Prefect. The French CapuchinsworkedinGalaandtheConsolata Priests in Kaffa. The Capuchins had 15 Ethiopian secular priests helping them.

When the British .

farces reconquered thecountryfortheEthiopians,missionary work was virtually at astandstill, and since then Italian missionaries have not beenallowed there.

Although the countrywas converted totheCatholicFaithbymisisonariesin the early centuries,the national religion lapsed into the Monophysite heresy, which prevails to-day. Different schools oftheological thought have since divided the adherents of the na. tional faith intovarioussects, although allofthemretainthesevensacraments, the cult of the Blessed Virgin and provers for thedead.

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Children Re-Act to Movies

For years(we've beenwondering how much children grasp, and what they retainfrom the movies they see. If they really retain little or nothing, sorely there is no cause for further consideration. Aproper investigation into this matter wasmade inAmerica. and theIfollowing results are given by Evelyn Coogan in "The Sign:"

The first object of a competent group of investigators was to learn howmanypeoplegotothemovieseach week, and what percentage of the audience was made up of children. It was shown that 77,000,000 people attended themovieseach week,and that 38,000,000 minors were included in this weekly audience.

The next important question to answer was:"What do they see?" An analysis of some 1,500 feature pictures revealed that from seventy-five to eighty per cent.ofallplots dealt with love, sex, crime.or mystery. The treatment of these subjects was often highly confusing.Heroes and heroines were often people of questionable ethics, and the police and usual forces of justice were portrayed in a ridiculous manner. In the majority of cases the criminals escaped legal reckoning, and instead either kept their freedom or met with accidental death.

All too frequently movies present a distortion of existence. They dramatise ahighly imaginative type of life, lived against-abackground of luxuriant wealth by perfectly groomed men and beautiful women Their goals in life are often superficial;their contribution to the ( world is aminus quantity; even their occupation, if any, frequently remains amystery.In con. trast we occasionaly see films which portray either real or imaginary peo• ple richly endowed with a generous loveforhumanity.

Perhaps the censorswereabitnasty in banishing the vamp for the clearcut difference betweentheheroine and the unprincipled siren left no doubt in the mind of the audience. The forces of good and evil were easily recognised. But the modernleadinglady presents a reckless good-bad girl that must confuse adolescent audiences and send forth young mimics.

The defenders of the movies boldly declare that children immediately forget apicture, and therefore no pictu}e is abad influence. But do they? Our social workers don't think so, nor do our psychologists. in one experiment carefully chosen movies were shown to a selected group. A day later they were given simply worded tests and it was found that even the very youngest, the eight and nine-year-olds, retained 60 per cent. as much as adults.

Investigators were even more sur. prised to learn of the amazing retention of the child mind over a long period of time. After six weeks and without warningthemoviequiz was repeated, it was found that second and third grade children still reinembered 91 per cent. of the information they had retained at the\first testing, fifth and sixth graders remembered 911 per cent. and high school children SS per cent Such facts should inspire producers to give their audiences stories worth remembrance.

By the use of aspecial instrument the intensity of emotion of the children-was registered during the show ing of afilm. It was revealed that adolescents were twice as much excited as adults, and that the younger children, ranging inage from six to 11, registered three times as much emotion as adults. Small wonder that many amother found asmall cold hand in hers as Walt Disney's witch worked her spell upon the fair Snow White.

It was also found that the restlessnessofachild'ssleep increased according to the activity and excitement of the film seen.

These facts should behome in mind by parents before theygive their children permission to see any film indiscriminateiy.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest for work in WesternAustralia? Make aregular annual contribution to help an indigent student.

Living With .

the Church

MASS CALENDAR FOR THE WEER.

March 11-Fourth Sunday of Lent (Violet or Red) : Mass proper. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer"Acunctis." 3rd, prayer"Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of Lent.

March 12-St.Gregory I.,(Pope, Confessor and Doctor (White): Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of the Feria. 3rd, prayer for the Pope. 4th. prayerforpeace. Tract. Creed. Pre. face of Lent. Last Gospel of the Feria.

-OR-

'.Hass of the Feria (Violet). No Gloria. 2nd. prayer of St. Gregory. 3rd. prayer forthe Pope. 4th,prayer for peace. No Creed. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people. March 1S--Feria (Violet): Massproper. NoGloria. 2nd.pray. er"Acunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for peace. Preface ofLent. Prayer over thepeople. March 14-Feria (Violet): Massproper. No Gloria. 2nd,prayer"Acunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer overthe people: March16-Feria (Violet): Massofthe Feria. NoGloria. 2nd. prayer"Acunctis." 3rd. prayer"Omnipotens." 46. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

March 16-Feria (Violet): Mass proper. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer"Acunctis." 3rd,prayer"Omnipoten's." 4th.prayerforpeace. Prefaceof Lent. Prayer overthepeople. March17-St.Patrick,BishopandConfessor,PatronofInland: Mass ,

Stattiit." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd, prayer oftheSaturday. Tract. Preface of Lent. LastGospel oftheSaturday.

Pope's Gift to Australian War Prisoners

His Excellency the Apostolic Delegate, Most Rev. John Panico, D.D., J.C.D.,hasreceivedw6rdbycablefrom the Papel Secretariate of State in the Vatican City that His Holiness the Poperecently sent to the ApostolicDelegate in Japan the stun of 1:3.000 for ,hstributionamongAustralianandNew Zealand prisoners of war.

With the permission of the Japanese military authorities the money has alreadybeen distributed amongthevarious camps to the Australian and New Zealand prisoners.

There was no distinction ofcreeds in the distribution, Catholics and nonCatholics sharing alike in the Holy Father'sbeneficence.

The Apostolic Delegate to Japan, Arebbishpp Morella, haspersonally visited all fhe P.O.W. campsin the main Japanese islands, and distributed gifts to the prisoners.

Ithas now been established thatthe messages sent to prisoners in Japan through the Apostolic Delegation are reaching the Apostolic Delegate safely and are being forwarded by him.

QUARANT ORE MALCH.

Sunday: 3rd.-SUBIACO: Forty Hours' Prayer (16th.-18th.).

4th.-NORSEMAN: One Day of Exposition.

APRIL 1st-EASTER SUNDAY: Vacant. 2nd.-MIDLAND JUNCTION : Forty Hours' Prayer (6th.Sib.). 3rd.--PALMYRA: One Day of Exposition.

4th.-HELLERBERRIN: One Day of Exposition.

6th.-CVN1)ZRDIN:One Day of Exposition.

iserim Is

inations

"THESE WERE ACTORS."

'fhe Perth Public Library is so far behind the Mitchell Library in Sydney that the neutral observer may be pardoned for likening the former to a mausoleum On the other hand there are unmfsit&able signs from time to time that life still stirs within the tomb. Believe itornot,asmall quota of fairly new looks trickles noiselessly but steadily beneath the vault of this frigid retreat, and so it is possible to find there thebook whose title appears at the head of this article.

"These Were Actors" is acollection of extracts from aNewspaper Cutting Book, 1811-1533, s

elected and annotat• ed by James Agate. The r

eview be• low isby Harold Hobson.in the Christiara Science monitor weekly magazine:

"Years ago James Agate, who is in the true tradition of the great English dramatic critics ;

made an anthology of extracts from tlie workof these gentle. men, whose only defect was that it contained no commentary by himself. In this respect'These Were Actors' is an even more satisfying book than 'The English Dramatic Critics, for Mr. Agate intersperses his selections with alively and pungent series of obser• vationsofhisown.

"Aglance at the dates which it covers shows that Mr. Agatedidnot compile the book of cuttings himself. It was put together, between the years 1811 and 1833, by abarrister named ` James S. Aubyn. It then came into the possession of thateminent theatrical commentator, Clement Scott, who, until Ibsen knocked him off his bal. ance, and new men came along who baffled his sympathies, was aman of might in the West End of London.

"From Scott the book passed to his daughter, and from the daughter it came as agift to Mr. Agate, possibly with the object of diverting thoughts for a few moments from Sarah Bernhardt, on whom he con. tinues to brood with acharming but incessant admiration.

"Such displays of variety, howeve , move.11r.Agate toemotionsofadiffeent kind.'\\'h an

at would ymodern actor,' he exclaims,'say if he were asked to give performances within 18 months of shylock, Richard 111, llam• let, Jthello,logo,\lacbeth, Romeo,and Richard 11, with Zangain Young'stragedy of The Revenge' and Abel Drugger in Jonson's'The Alchemist' thrown in? Butthosewerethedaysofactors, and not intellectuals whose Brutus takessomuchoutofthem,orthebackers, that they have to wait ayear before'they, or those who finance them, can tackle Cassius.

"\lacready, of the unimpeachable morals and violent temper, makes no such appeal as Kean to\lr. Agates sympathies. Ile calls him a prig: 'that contemptible thing, the artist who despises his medium: There is somejustice in thelastninewords, for \lacready, as anyone who recalls his Memoirs(will attest, was lamentably anxious tobe regardedasagentleman and not as an actor. When the local society of Elstree failed to invite his wife to tea, he allowed himself to be put out more than a philosopher houlrl; vet. when passing along the street, he would ignore thegreeting of aminor memberof hiscompany.Nev. ertheless, when Mr. Agate quotes, Farewell, Macready; moral, grave, sub. lime; Our Shakespeare's bland and universal eye

Dwells pleased, through twice ahun.

dred years, on thee, and remarks, 'Tennyson's "moral, grave, sublime" seems to settle this actor's hash; he is, if Imay say so, talkingnonsense. Being'moral,grave, sublime' will not make aman agreat actor, but it islesslikelytoget in the wayofhisbeingsothanifhewere'immoral, frivolous, and absurd.' NOT, superior aswe have grown to the Victorians, is the fact that Macready's acting gave pleasure to Tennyson an absolute proof that it was worth lookingat.

"In its entirety the book is about 3,000000 words long, and it covers one of the greatest acting periods in the history of the'British stage wasthe timeofKean,whomMr.Agate(

j (labouring, with many others, under the disadvantage of not having seen Betterton, Burbage, Garrick, \facready, or Kean himself) does not hesitate, in virtue of that'sixth sense' without which he says no dramatic critic can function, to describe as the greatest ok English actors.

"Certaft4y no dramatist writing at the time was capable of producing a line that was worth his uttering. It ax was the age of Planche, Arnold, Poole, and Kenney, 'names so ignoble in the world of literature; remarks acontem• • porary,'that they had no circulation beyond the greenroom.'

"Kean dominates the book and the extracts that\Ir. Agatehasm,

ade from it. It is not, however, the genius of Kean that emerges most insistently from Mr.Agate'snages,buthistattered and turbulent life, his miserable law cases, the grievous riots that attends•I hislater performances,and the wretch. ed mischances and weaknesses of character which ultimately turned his career into an extended beer garden.

"About the genius itself, at any rate incertain performances,there seems to have been somedisagreement. Alloilserver; are at one in their statement that Kean was amean, undersized fellow who causedhisphvsical disndvant.ages to he forgotten in the blaze ,

of passion with which he htlrac' twin parts.

"Beyond that there is divergence, G. If.).ewes speaksofhis'once matchless voice': but Leigh Hunt, after seeing him as Shylock,says:'Nor was his voice vastly prepossessing, for it was thick and hoarse: Hazlitt and Hunt argue vigorously with each other whether his Iago was, or was not, excessively gay and careless. The book criticises him Lolverselyas Othello, and when, two days later, he showed his versatilitybyappearingasIago, itsar. critically looksforwards toseeing him as Desdamona.

empty spaces of any future leisurestate he would merely be indulging in fret-work and fancy. This, too, was probably one of the several ideas that prompted G.

K. Chesterton. himself a poet, who was trained in an art school, to remark that there should be few, if any, professional artists.

All true culture is, therefore, essen tialh• a folk-culture, whose motive• power-springs from the people itself though it may be moulded by those who know how. It is something a man puts on because he feels incomplete in himself, in the same sense as he putson clothes. It is notlike the cream puff,which the fat lady gives to the pomeranian, or the bottle labelled medicine—tobeshaken and taken. It is true that in an age rwhere material• ism has largelyy subdued the spiritual instincts in mt{

n, they must he taught again to appreciate the good and the beautiful, but the process must take intoaccounttheprevailingmoodofthe people. It must come naturally to them and they must like it; otherwise it is mereh• an affectation. An Am• erican millionaire does not become an artist by virtue of the fact that he has toured all the art galleries of Eu. rope. He becomes at best amiddleaged dilettante and asnob, unless he has realtyliked doing it, in which case he probablybecomes abore.

Itishere thatIquotewith approval some comments by "Taurus," in the Melbourne "Advocate," apropos acomplaintthat,ataSunday afternoonconcert in the Botanical Gardens, which 100000 attended,- the Conservatorium Symphony Orchestra played too many populartunes."Taurus"observedthat such lightpopular pieces had considerablemerit,andiftheyhadnotbeenincluded one-tenth of Melbourne's population would not spontaneously have joined in, and, further, that"until we build up our own folk-music we must make the best of our temporary folkmusic which is American."

Whitfield Court followed the concert. The idea seemed to be for everybody to take off their shoes, change into play-suits if available, and prance on the laavn underthe direction of alady at'the microphone. 'Thiscastingaway of the shackles of arestricting civilisation isnotinitself abad thing, though it can scarcely be called folk-dancing, but rather, when done en massesby a crowdofcitydwellers,asortofmiddleaged larrikinism in which the maindesideratum was to be as clumsy as possible. Viewing the appalling ugliness of some oftheclothes the women put on, and the even legs graceful aspect of the clothes the men kept on, and the regrettableabsenceofanywild whoops of entertainment, one found oneself willy-nilly thinking sombra thoughts of the new health clubs and the radiant beauty of the devotees thereofratherthanofafolk-dancingexhibition. Irespectfully submit tothe organisersthaton their nestnightout, they have an occasional demonstration by peopletrained in the artof someof the more pleasing folk-dances, OtherwiseIintendtostayhomeandpliythe admittedly quite enthralling game of "Ilere We Go Round the Mulberry Bush" with aselectfew, ratherthan in promiscuous association with five hundred other people in one large circle, even if that circle does include the x Vice-Chancellor of the University.

The idea behind the recitals is to finance the bringing of music to the country. In any cultural development there is much to be said forbe. ginningin thecountry. Itisindisputable that the average country man is more intelligent than the city man, if onlybecausebehasmoretimetothink and suffers legs from asurfeit of -

en. tertainment.

There is plainlv some controversy in Mr. Agate's selections, but this makes them only the more entertaining. This is abook to divert, to enliven, and to inform. It.passes in sparkling review an important era in the history of the stage, and amuses throughout:'

—DF, GUSTiBUS.

A EVERYMAN'SMUSIC.

Itwaswithasenseofsomemisgiving that Iwent along totheopen-air auditorium set in pleasant surroundings at the University on last Thursday night , because Ihavean innate dislike of the idea of aculture-imposed from above. It reminds me toomuch of the way in which things are done in Soviet Russia, where the workers down tools at acertain hour, and are marched offto the opera as they would be numbe,red ot7 for amedical inspection. Ido not deny that Soviet workersmay come to have quite an appreciation of the opera, but the whole idea smacks to me too much of servility and of artificiality.'there is latent in it the notion that art is some sort of asubstitute for religion, and that if we all have enough of,it, we shall live full lives.

Now the truth is that art is in es• sence the operation of the universal' creative faculty of mankind, and that it has as its primary end some useful function. The craftsman makes a chair in order thatsomeonemay siton it,and not in order thathis mother-inlaw may break her neck on it. The creative faculty may naturally go further and he used asan intellectual or emotional outlet for the recreational delight of man. Here it becomes a hobby, and aperson may paint pictures orplay with ameccano set. But frombeing ahobbythereisalways the danger that it may turninto aneccentricity, and we begin to hear talk of artfor art's sake,and of theexclusiveness of the artist. The famous sculp tor, Eric Gill, said that ifman sought to satisfy his creative instinct in the

This brings me lit last to the laudable efforts of the Adult Education Board tobringmusic to the masses.It is apparent that the Board will beon the hornsof adilemmauntil itdecides whether itaims to put on,concertsfor Perth's classical music lovers, or whether itawants to spread its wings more widely as the title given to the series of recitals would suggest. The concert on Thursday night was satisfactoryfromneither pointof view, To the music lover it was aquite modest littleventure,while,ontheotherhand, Imight hazard a guess that only Lizst's Hungarian Rhapsody No. II, and two songs, the first from Puccinis "Madame Butterflv;" the second "Mimi's Farewell." very spiritually sung, from "La Boheme;" would ap. peal to Everyman. Such recitals are scarcely the place for an artistto give adisplav of technical emmnetence. If theyaretohe Everyman'sMusic,both the performers and the programme need to hecarefully selected.

Folk-dancing on the floodlit lawn in

It seems most practicable to begin with music,becauseof the availability of musicians,but it is(worth while re membering that the legitimate stage andmusicalcomedyshouldproveeven more popular. This was evident, for example,when the Repertory Club played to the troops. Iwould much prefer to see this development left in the capable hands of Professor Alexander and his associates with the support of the public, ineluding various cultural bodies and the commercial broadcasting stations, togetherwith an increased Government grant, rather than to see it taken overbyadepartmentalised National Theatre.

—CASTOR.

STARTMARCH RIGHT.

March is here—the last month of summer. Start the month rightwith aCharitiesticket. Hereiswhereyour luckmaychange. Ticketsarenowon sale in theNo.245bCharitiesConsultation. Firstprize is£2,000.

BOARD;ANDRESIDENCE.

University boy student (Catholic) urgently requires Board and Lodging. WriteF.Bitmead,P.O.,Subiaco.

FirstConferenceofCatholicRuralMovement-

inW.A.

Priests & Laymen From All Over State Have Retreat & Discussions

The first annual Retreat and Conference of the National Catholic Rural 1ovement in Western Australia was held at the Redemptorist Monastery, North Perth, from Sunday, February26, untilTuesday, 27th. The Retreat, at which there was an attendance of thirty-three, coal ,menced onSundayeveningandfinishedonTuesday morning. The Conductor was Rev. Father Fergusson, C,SS.R.

Tuesday, the Conference day, opened with aSolenm Votive Mass of the Holy Ghost, celebrated in the presence of His Grace the Archbishop,whowasassistedby Rev. FatherO'Farrellas assistant priest, RevFather Gallagher(Three Springs) and Rev, Dr. Su'.livan as deacons at the throne. The celebrant of the Massnvas the Rev. Dt. Giles, with the Rev. F. Byrneand the Rev. J. Hogan asdeacon and sub-deacon, respectively. The Rev.J.J. Rafferty actedasmasterofceremonies. Thesinging of the Mass was supplied by the choir of St, Brigid's Schools, West Perth, conducted by the Rev. Albert Lynch.

The Rural Movement acknowledges adebt of gratitude to Rev. Father Lynch and to the Sisters of St. Bri-gid's for their kindness in co-operating so willingly, and also for abeautiful rendering of theMass.

THE CONFERENCE.

At the conclusion of Mass, the priests and delegates to the Conference assembled in the Conference room, where the Conference was officially opened by His Grace the Archbishop. in the presence of twenty-one priests, two Christian Brothers from Castledare, and forty-six lay delegates.

His Grace the Archbishop expressed his gratitude to the Redemptorist Fathers, through whose kindness and thoughtfulness, the RetreatandConferenceweremadepossible. Hethanked, in particular, the Conductorof the Retreat, Father Fergusson. He welcomed the Priests and farmers who had comefrom distantpartsandinspiteof many difficulties. Hehadbeen anxious for along time toestablish the Rural Movement, but there were many difficulties to be overcome. Now, however,dueto theorganisationofthe Director, Father Ryan, with whom the Priests from the country were co-operatingin asplendid manner, the Movement had been inaugurated,and he hoped thatthe RetreatandConference would become an annual arrangement, and that they would grow in membership and in enthusiasm as the years passed by.

At the Plenary Council held in Sydney in 1937, the assembled Bishops issued aPastoral, in which they dealt, amongst other matters, with the evils of the clay—Communism, unemployment, and the flight from the land. "We cannot view without pain and misgiving the reluctance of the young peopleofour day to settleon theland. Even the number of those reared in happy country homes, built up by the industry and thrift of their parents,

who have abandoned the land for the glamour of the city, is so appalling as to become aquestion ofgrave national concern. Since agood home is one of

been functioning in the Eastern'States for some years, and was working very satisfactorily. His Grace had nodoubt thatitwouldbeasuccess,too,in WesternAustralia,notwithstandingthevery special difficulties.. Future generations would have reason to he grateful to the fanners who came to the Retreat and the Conference, and who laid thefoundation of the Rural Move. ment in this State. Thev were the 1) .

ceers, and the success or failure of theJ16vementwould dependon them.

They had come to make a Retreat and to take part in the discussions at theConference which had been arrangA. The spiritual side of the Rural Movement was of very great importance. The Rural Movement was part of Catholic Action; the co-operation of the farmer, with the hierarchy in ext,•nding the interest of the Church in the country. It aimed at"restoring the countrvside to Christ and Christ to the countryside." It aimed at Chris tianising life on the land and helping

and for amore Christian and Catholic rural life. He expressed, again, his deep appreciation of the splendid cooperation ofthe Priestsfrom the country, without whose help the Retreat and Conference could not have been a success.

He had much pleasure in declaring the first Conference of the Catholic Rural Movement open, and he wished God's blessings on, their discussions, their deliberationsand their decisions.

Mr. Staunton's(Address.

thesurest channelsofGodsgraces and blessings to men and since our country homeshave always been fruitful in piety and in the service of the Church, we entreat our people who still possess such homes to resist all temptations to part with them."

In responseto thatappeal ofthe Bishops, the National Catholic Rural Movement was established. It has

MEN'SWEARI

to solve, at least to sortie extent, some of the problems that faced the people on the land, and that had caused so many, unfortunately, to leave it. It was anational tragedy that so many were deserting the land for the city. "III fares the land to hastening ills a prey, Wherewealthaccumulatesandmendecay, But ahold peasants- their countrv's pride, Whenoncedestroved can neverhesupplied."

These words of Oliver Goldsmith were very true to-dap. In Australia we have places as deserted as the Deserted\'illage of which Goldsmith spoke. If the New Orderof which we have heard so much was to mean any. thing, it must mean that the farmers would receive the recognition that they had been denied so longand soshame. fully. The fanner was the backbone of theChurch; the hope oftheChurch. It wason theland that the percentage of lapsed Catholics was lowest: it was en theland that the Faith(was strongest. HisGraceappealed to the farmers to give their wholehearted cooperation to the Movement. When they returned to theirparishes they should doeverything in their power to foster the Rural Groups. They should talk about it to other farmers and do everythingpossible to furtherits interests. There would be many difficulties, but with faith, hope, patience. goodwill and cooperation between Priests and people, and with theblessingofGod which had been invoked at Holy Mass that morning, some good would eventuate for the glory of God

After His Grace's inspiring opening address, Father Ryan addressed the Conference and introduced Mr. Torn Staunton avho said that the addresses would not deal with the disabilities under which agriculture suffered. There would be many an occasion for them toexpress their opinions on that matter, butat the moment they wanted to discuss the organising of the Rural Movement. The could do nothing to attack the social economic problems until they had organised themselves into a live organisation. And that was what they were there to do that day. The addresses to be delivered were short, mere outlines of the aims services and running of the Movement; they were short in order to give farmers an opportunity to discussthem and toaskquestions.

After each talk there would be a discussion and time for questions. The discussion would take place in small groups. At the end of discussion all would come back into the general gathering to put questions.

OpeningAddressbyFather Ryan.

Father Ryan thanked His Grace for his remarks, and also the priests for coming, However,because the clergy took such an interest in the Rural Movement it wasnot aclerical movement. It was alavmen's movement —the layApostolate. Amovementof the laymen, through the laymen, for the laymen.

The priests inspired, guided, encouraged, but the work otherwise was the work of the layman. The farmetb was the apostle of the farmer. The work of that apostolate could only be done by the farmer. No one else could do it. It was of the utmost importance for the farmer himself, for the Church, and for Australia.

The farmer was called to that work by the Pope,by hisbishop, and by his priest. ItIwasduty that called them, charity that urged them, their own interest that moved them.

None of them would deny that the Rural Movement knew what was wanted. Perhaps they were doubtful that it was going the right way about

HisGrace LaudsFarmersas"BackboneofChurch"

Splendid Co-Operation Between Clergy and Laity

M. but he wasconvinced there was no settermay.

They couldmentionathousand diffi• .ulties that stoodin the way. Toget that movement into the parishes, into thehomes,and into the schools(would be difficult,but there were many things in their favour. In four years the movement in the Eastern States had already influenced many important people. The other day at the Federal Institute of Agriculture the President'saddressreadlikeaCatholic RuralMovementaddress.

Prom the days of St. Paul to our own time,the task of propagating the Truthhadbeennoeasy matter. From the day that Paul stood on Mars Hill to speak to the philosophersofGreece to the present time,the work of the Apostolate had been called idealistic, unpracticaland impossible. But that workhad goneon,and itwould goon inspiteofdifficulties,so-calledimpossihilities, and in face of discouragement and hostile criticism.The work went on, foritmust go on.

The greatest danger in the apostolate, as in the spiritual life of the in. dividual was discouragement. Among many of our people it amounted even to despair—despair of ever being able to stem the course of eventc, "Why doyoufear, Oye of little faith?" said Our Lord to the fainthearted. Discouragement must be banned as the devil himself. Fortitude w

as cultivated onlybyfacingup to difficulties.

Thehay people ofto-day needed new heart. They needed enthusiasm. They needed to see their faith as the vital force thatit was—theonlyrealrevolution that the world was waiting for.

There were difficulties for the Movement: ofcourse, there were difficulties. Butthe only real,frighteningdifficulty came from.Catholics whosaid,"It's no use," "What's the good?" 'All we want is achanged financial system;' "Catholic Action is not meant for us

;' or "The Rosary, the Mass and daily prayers were good enough for our fathers, they will have to be good enough for us." The task Our Lord etwelve illiterate

gave the , powerless men: "Go out and convert the world;' was hill of difficulties. Theirs were not so great. Judging from the spirit they had already manifested, he knew what theiranswer wouldbe to the Pishops' call. Itwould he this:"We Catholic men, realising that Catholic Action isthelayapostolate for thesalvation of souls, and that the Pope and our Archbishop have called us to it, respond to the call, despite thedifficulties, in aspirit of faith and hope."

In anv case there was only one ans• wer to difficulties—to find away to overcome them. Tf they gave in through fear of difficulties instead of concentratingon the way nit of them, they world surely fail. That Confer. ence w

ould not only he afailure, but the knock-out blow to Rural Catholic Action in this State. But with goodwill to try, it would be asuccess.

The Movement was in its infancy. yet it had already influenced churchmen, governments, and farmers them selves in their attitude towards the land. People who at first said uts ideal was impossible, later said it was not impossible, but was too difficult. Thosesame people nowsaid itwas not so difficult after all. Farmers were sceptical people because they did not believethatbishops, priests, nuns,brc.thers and the Catholic people at large would take the movement to their bearts, and that the Church would awingso many into the line of march, alongwhathas been called the"Green Revolution." Yet that was now happening. In fouryearsmuchhad been acomplished:in another four yet.rs they would see big improvements. For the Church was on the march. Papers,

1. Rev. T. Lenihan: "Aims and Objec tives of the Catholic Rural Movement."

2. Rev. J. Russell: "The Spiritual Basis."

3. Rev.F. Byrne! "The Conduct ofthe Groupandits Work in the District."

4. Rev. P.Duffy:"The Services of the Catholic Rural Group." Visitors.

Visitors at luncheon at the Confer. ence during theday were Rev. Father 11. Lalor, chairman of the Diocesan CouncilofCatholic Action, and Messrs. F. McAdam, F. Grogan, M. Cullity, F. Fels and C. Honner.

Observations.

Some observations may be made cn this first Rural Movement Conferenc. In the first place, theorganisers of the Movement have every reason to con gratulate themselves on areal success. Agrateful reference was made by His Grace to the work of preparation done by Father Ryan, and the willing cooperation of the priestsof the country parishes. The result of their work was seen in the big attendance of Ca• tholic, farmersat the Retreat andConference. It was pointed out that the most important part of the procee.l ingwasthe Retreat,and it canbesaid that the success of the Retreat alone and thekeenappreciationof thosewho made it would have more than justi fied this opening effort of the Rural Movement.

However, the Conference also was'u marked success and arich reward Inr the work of preparation. The numher of priests, the enthusiasm displayed, the keenness shown in the discussions, all contributed to make this Conference amemorable event. It was an auspicious beginning of the activities of the Rural Movement.

Another point which is worthy of mention, and was stressed by His Grace and other of the speakers, was therepresentativenatureoftheConfer. ence.

There were delegates not only from many parishes in the Archdiocese. out also from the Dioceses of Geraldto:t and New Norcia: from the various rural districtsof the State. This alone would prove the interest already roused among our Catholic farmers, and would justifv the hopes of the Archbishop and the organisers of the Rural Movement that it will play an important part in the future of the Church in Western Australia. Priests.

DELEGATE11 TO OONIPZRZNCZ.

Angus, F.: Sastbrook, Antonio, T.: Southern Brook. Bett, E. F.: Mundijong.

Brennan,P.: Margaret River, Boyd, T.: Wilga.

Clarke, 111. P.: Jenacubbine.

Clarke, N1. L.: Jennacubbine.

Cowcher, R.: Williams, Cowcher,A.: Williams. Cowcher, F,: Williams.

Crogan, C. J.: Tammin. Devlin, P.

J,: Brunswick. Edwards, G.: Kukerin. Fitzpatrick, P. J.: Waroona. Gardiner, J. S.: Yorkrakine. Grogan, J.: Trayning, Hynes, J

J.: Dardanup. Ilickey, P. G.: South Kummenin. Henderson,V.: Merredin ,Joyce, T.: Kukerin. Kilrain11.: Manjimnp. Leeson,,

P. W.: Jennacubhine: Marwick, P.: York. McLaughlin,

J.: Wilga. Martin, P,: Bunbury. ,McCarthy,M.: Toodyay.

McKay, M.: Wyalkatchem, Murphy,C.: Kukerin. McNellis, P.: Serpentine. Moran,L. C.: Wagin, Noonan,A.: York. Norrish, F.: Kojonup. O'Leary, A. J.: Walgoolan. O'Leary, J. A,: Walgoolan. O'Mara,J. F.: Trayning. O'Hare,M. P.:Cunderdin. O'Brien,J.: Margaret River. O'Loughlin,

J.: Wyalkatchem. Peacock V.: York. Peacock,,

F.: York. Ryan,C. B.: Trayning. Silverthorne,J.: Margaret River. Seward, H.: Pincelly. Sheehan, E.: Willinms. Stokes, J.: Cunderdin. Wallace, V.: Bruce Rock.

CARMELITECARDPARTY

The Carmelite Card Party will be heldthisyearintheKindergartenroom at the College, VictoriaSquare. The date fixedisThursday, April 12. and the committee will be pleased to see present all who helped make this partysoenjnyablelastyear ,

Thebest entrance will be by ,Ln

inCoder. ich•street. Tables may he booked by ringing Mrs. E. T. Russell, fill Chelmsford-road (Tel B4ti19), or Miss A. Chesson, A,MT. Society(Tel B9106).

She'll change alot in another vear, but she'll never he sweeter than she is to-day. Keep that sweetness for the years to come. Have anew Portrait made now, Ring BS833 for the appointment.

Four short papers were read during the course of the day, and after each papertime spentin a

discussion fnool ew d ques

lows:

tion

s. The papers

Priests present at the Conference: Rev. Fathers Albert, P.SDM., Wan. Bering Brook; Byrne, Katanning: Boy. lan, Kondinin: Brosnan, Collie; Clery, Pinjarra: Cameron, Wyalkatchem; Duffy, Manjimup; Downey,

Donnybrook; Diviney, Castledare: Farrelly; Busselton; Gallagher, Three Springs; Giles, Beverley;Hogan, Bun, bury; Holohan, Merredin; Hynes, Moira; Lenihan. Cunderdin;Murray, Toodyay; Murphy, Diocesan Inspector of Schools; Regan, York; Russell,Narrogin: Ryan, Diocesan Director of Catholic Rural Movement.

HisGrace,

LaudsFarmers as

"Backboneof,Church"

Splendid Co- Operation Between Clergy and Laity

1t,but he wasconvinced there was no letterWray.

They couldmention athousand diffr.Itiea that stoodintheway. Toget that movement into the parishes, into thehomes, and intothe schoolsrorould • be difficult, but there' were many things in their favour. In four years the movement in the Eastern States lad already influenced many important people. The other day at the Federal Institute of Agriculture the President'saddressreadlikeaCatholic RuralMovementaddress.

From the days of St. Paul to our own time, the task of propagating the Truthhadbeen noeasymatter. From the day that Paul Stoodon Mars Hill tospeak to the philosophersof Greece to the present time, the work of the Apostolate had been called idealistic, unpracticaland impossible. But that workhad goneon,and itwould goon inspite ofdifficulties,so-calledimpossibilities, and in face of discouragement and hostile criticism. The work went y on, foritmust go on.

The greatest danger in the aposU> late, as in the spiritual life of the in. dividual was discouragement. Among many of our people itamounted even to despair—despair of ever being able tostem the course of eventc. "Why doyoufear, Oye of little faith?" said Our Lord to the fainthearted. Discouragement must be banned as the • devil himself. Fortitude was cultivatedonlybyfacinguptodifficulties.

Thelay people oftoday needed new heart. They needed enthusiasm. They needed to see their faith as the vital forcethat it was—theonlyreal revolution that theworld waswaiting for.

There were difficulties for the Movement; of course,there weredifficulties. Butthe only real,frighteningdifficulty camefromCatholics whosaid,"It's no use,""What's the good?" "All we want is achanged financial system," "Catholic Action is notmeant for us," or"The Rosary, the Mass and daily prayers were good enough for our fathers, they will have to be good enough for us." The task Our Lord gave the twelve illiterate, powerless men: "Go out and convert the world," was full of difficulties. Theirs were not so great. Judging from the spirit they had already manifested, he knew whattheiranswer wouldbeto the 13ishops' call. Itwouldbethis:"We Catholic,men, realising that Catholic Action

is the lay apostolate for the salvation of souls, and that the Pope and our Archbishop have called us to it, respondto the call, despite thedifficulties, in aspirit of faith and hope."

In any case there was only one ans. wer to difficulties—to find away to y overcome them. if they gave in through fear of difficulties instead of concentratingon the way out of them, they would surely fail. That Confer• ence would not only be afailure, but the knock-out blow to Rural Catholic Action in this State. But with good- will to try, it would be asuccess.

The Movement was in its infancy, yet it had already influenced churchmen, governments, and farmers them selves in their attitude towards the land. People who at first said i:s ideal was impossible, later said it was not impossible, but was too difficult. Thosesame people nowsaiditwas not so difficult after all. Farmers were sceptical people because they did not believethatbishops, priests, nuns,brr, thers and the Catholic people at large would take the movement to their bearts, and that the Church would -owing so many into the line of march, along wha C

hasbeencalled the"Green Revolution.' Yet thatwas now hap. pening. In four yearsmuchhadbeen acomplished; in another four years they would see bigimprovements. For the Church was on the march. Papers.

Four abort papers were read during the course of the day, and after each papertime was spentindiscussion and questions. The papers were as follows:

1. Rev. T. Lem'han: "Aimsand Objec. tives of the Catholic Rural Movement."

2. Rev. J. Russell: "The Spiritual Basis"

3. Rev.F. Byrne! "TheConduct of the Groupand its WorkintheDistrict."

4, Rev. P. Duffy: "The Services of the Catholic Rural Group." visitors.

Visitors at luncheon at the Conference during the day were Rev, Father Ii. Lalor, chairman of the Diocesan CouncilofCatholic Action,and Messrs. F. McAdam, F. Grogan, M. Cullity, F. Fels and C. Honner.

Observations.

Some observations may be made an this first Rural Movement Conferenc:. In thefirstplace, theorganisers of the Movement have every reason to con gratulate themselves on arealsuccess. Agrateful reference was made by His Grace to the work ofpreparation done by

Father Ryan, and the willing cooperation of the priestsof the country parishes. The result of their work was seen in the big attendance of CaIholie farmers at the Retreat and Conference. It was pointedout that the most important part of the procee.l ingwasthe Retreat,anditcanbesaid that the success of the Retreat alone and thekeenappreciationofthosewho made it would have more than justi• fled this opening effort of the Rural Movement.

Ilowever,,the Conference also was " marked success and arich reward for the work of preparation. The number of priests, the enthusiasm displayed, the keenness shown in the discussions, all contributed to make this Conference amemorable event. IC was an auspicious beginningof the activities of the RuralMovement.

Another point which is worthy of mention, and was stressed by His Grace and other of the speakers, was therepresentativenatureoftheConference.

There were delegates not only from many parishes in the Archdiocese, nut also from the Dioceses of Geraldton and New Norcia: from the various rural districtsof the State. This alone would prove theinterest already roused among our Catholic farmers, and would justify the hopes of the Archbishop and the organisers of the Rural Movement that it will play an important part in the future of the Church in Western Australia.

Priests.

Priests present at the Conference: Rev. Fathers Albert, P.SM., Wan. dering Brodk: Byrne, Katanning; Boylan, Kondinin: Brosnan, Collie; Clery, Pinjarra: Cameron, Wyalkatchem; Duffy, Manjimup; Downey,

Donnybrook; Diviney, Castledare; Farrelly; Busselton; Gallagher, Three Springs; Giles, Beverley; Hogan, Bunbury; Holahan, Merredin; Hynes, Moors; Lenihan. Cunderdin; Murray, Toodyay; Murphy, Diocesan Inspector of Schools; Regan,

DLLEUT= TO •OONT>CIt> ZC-

Angus, F.: Sastbrook. Antonio, T.: Southern Brook. Bett, E. F.: Mundijong. Brennan, P.: Margaret River, Boyd, T.: Wilga.

Clarke, M. P.: Jenacubbine.

Clarke, M. L.: Jennacubbine. Cowcher, R.: Williams, Cowcher,A.: Williams. Cowcher, F.: Williams, Crogan, C. J.: Tammin. Devlin, F. J,: Brunswick. Edwards, G.: Kukerin. Fitzpatrick, P. J.: Waroona. Gardiner, J. S.: Yorkrakine. Grogan, J.: Trayning, Hynes, J. J.: Dardanup. Hickey, P. G.: South Kummenin. Henderson,V.: Merredin. Joyce, T.: Kukerin. Kilrain, M.: Manjimup. Leeson, P. W.: Jennacubbine: Marwick, P.: York. McLaughlin, J.: Wilga. Martin, P,: Bunbury. McCarthy,M.: Toodyay.

McKay, M.: Wyalkatchem. Murphy, C.: Kukerin. McNellis P.: Serpentine. Moran,

L. C.: Wagin, Noonan, A.:York. Norrish, F.: Kojonup. O'Leary, A. J.: Walgoolan. O'Leary, J. A,: Walgoolan. O'Mara, J. F.: Trayning. O'Hare, M. P.: Cunderdin. O'Brien, J.: Margaret River. O'Loughlin,J.: Wyalkatcbem. Peacock, V.:York. Peacock,F.:York. Ryan, C. B.: Trayning. Silverthorne,J,: Margaret River. Seward, H.:EPingelly. Sheehan,

.: Williamis. Stokes, J.: Cunderdin. Wallace, V.: Bruce Rock.

CARMELITECARDPARTY

The Carmelite Card Party will be beldthisyearinthe.Kindergartenroom at the College,VictoriaSquare. The date fixedisThursday, April 12, and the committee will be pleased to see present all who helped make this partysoenjoyablelast year. Thebest entrance will be by 0

—

-^

inGoder. ich-street.

Tables may be booked by ringing 11frs. E. T. Russell, 59 Chelmsford-road (Tel. B4549), or Miss A. Chesson, A'M.P. Society(Tel B9106).

be sweeter . than she

is to-day.

Keep that sweetness

B8833 for the appointment.

for the years to come. have anew Portrait made now. Ring LANGHAM STUDIOS LTD. CENTRAL ARCADE HAY STREET, PERTH

York; Russell,Narrogin; Ryan, Diocesan Director of Catholic Rural Movement.

i

Established 1874.

Official Organ of the Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressall communicationstothe Editor, Box A35, G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH.

TELEPHONE: B6950.

I'F.RTH, WEDNESDAY, MARCH7, 1945. N

A Term to Compromise

•The British vote of confidence in Mr. Churchill and the Yalta Conference, although decisive, was marked by considerable unease. Even the Foreign Secretary admitted lie didn't much care for the Lublin Committee. The Conservative amendment did, however, provoke sonic remarks which indicate that honour still dies hard among the English. Actually Mr. Eden's ipiiech gavemore hope than Mr. Churchill's. We must apparently resign ourselves to the cession of 45 per cent. of Polish•territory which contains some of Poland's must historical and precious cities, someof their greatest religious shrines and the Galician oilfields, without which Poland as an industrial nation cannot hope to survive. The question remains: is it possible to preserve Poland as astrong, free, and independent State? Much will depend on the forthcoming elections, regarding which Britain has publicly and officially committed herself,

s • r

The'Presshas touched very lightjy on

r

SPKIAL 'CQURSE OF :a. ':LJZN ,

rEM,SERMONS.,

The course of Lenten Ser•ntons at St. Diary's Cathe'dral, willbe continuedby Rev.. Father). Sexton, C.SS.R•, on Sunday evening, March 11

ST.PATRICK'S DAY

'Solemn High Mass, in St. Mary's Ca. thedralat9.30a.m . on

Saturday March 17, will m9rk the spiritual celibration of St.Patrick's Day. His Grace the Archbishop will preside, The,annual St. Patrick's Day Con. cert will be held in His Majesty's The. atre'on Sunday,March 18,at8.45 p.m.

(athoiic Broadcasts

Stmday,:blanch25 (7,30p.m.,8WN) : Broadcast of Evening Devotions from the Cathedral. Preacher, aRe

. demptorist Father.

The Catholic Answer: Every Sunday night at 9p.m., St a tions 6PR anc. 6TL

MUSIC FOR HOLY WEEK IN COUNTRY AND $UBURRAN CHURCHES.

Tofacilitate the tinging of the Pro. perof the Mass on the principal functions of Holy Week, the various Propers will -

be printed next week with the appropriate pointing, There will also be included asimple three-part setting for the Tracts of Good Friday.

THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS

'too,

A>WCHBT880PSENKiFAIiZMZNTd.

March 11—

Morning: Confirmation at Sacred Heart Church, Mount Barker.

Afternoon:Bless extensions to St. Joseph's School,Albany.

Evening:Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church, Albany.

March 17 (St, Patrick'sDay)-

9.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High MassatSt.Mary'sCathedral.

March18:

12.30 p.m.: Attend Celebrations in honour of St. Joseph at the Little Sistersof the Poor.

8.45 p.m.: Attend Annual St. Patrick's Day Concert,at His Majesty's Theatre.

March 111-

9.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High MassatSt.Kieran'sChurch,Osborne Park, on the occasion of the Silver +r Jubilee of Ordination of Rev. A. Langmead.

8p.m.: AtendAnnual Meetingof the Holy NameSocietyatChristian Bro. thers' College,St. George'sTerrace.

March 28 (Palm Sunday) : 11 a.m.: St.Mary's Cathedral. SolemnlyblesspalmsandpresideatSol. emnHighMass.

7.30 p.m.: Confirmation and Visitation at Our Lady Help of Christians Church, East Victoria Park.

March28 (SpyWednesday)7.30 p.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral, Proside at Office of Tenebrae.

March29 (HolyThursday)9.30 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral, Pontificate.

tve shall have to say: "Thu; far and no

the American reactions to Yalta, but president Roosevelt was devastatingly frank. Polish Tile agreement, he said, was frankly acompromise. . He did not agree with all of it by any means. This view has been nwre recently underlined by the Archbishop of Westminster, who remarked very pertinently: "There would appear to be no word for 'compromise' in Russian. Whenever democratic statesmen make terms with Stalin they, not he, artist compromise." The Arch6ishop stated very truly that abreach between Russia and the West to-day would mean that all the sacrifices of the last five years would he made void. But can the peace of rurope he, made durable by compromise on the part of the West and pertinacity on the part of Russia. Onr relations with Hitler should have taught its that there is aterm to comp ronii,e. Sooner or later -

further.'

• a . r

The whole issue of

the peace of the future hung.: upon the extent to which Russia can be, trusted. And only afool would pretend that the Soviet's past record inspires confidence• Is there reason to believe that the Reds have suti'ered achange of heart? If it is aquestion of having altered first principles, the answer must be No, for Russia', first and last principle is expediency. is peace then expedient for Russia? It would seem so

at the. nx•, ment. But it is the temporary nature of the arrangement which is so alarming. Just now the Soviet has before her the finishingoff of the war and then the enormous task of reconstructing and repairing the damage caused by the first onslaught of German military might. But when normalcy returns, what then? On the one side an appetite for compromise, on the other determined expediency. . In the end the nations will realise that none of this political juggling will supply for the solid basis of peace through the moral application of justice and Charity.

-'St. Patrick's ConcertHis Majesty's Theatre

Sunday Night,March 18,at 8.45

DOORS OPEN 8p.m.

PROCEEDS FOR THE C.W.O. ADMISSION 2s. TO ALL PARTS OF THE HOUSE. Stallsand Circle Seats maybe Booked for2/7at Nicholson's, PLANS OPEN ON MONDAY, MARCH 12th.

THE PROGRAMME HAS BEEN ARRANGED ON SIMILAR LINES TOTHAT OF LASTYEAR.

,

On March 4, the monthly, general meeting of the Third Order of St. Francis was held at 3p.m. The Director, Rev. E. McBride, professed two sisters who had completed their year's novitiate and received into the Order three more and one brother.

Thoseprofessed were:Sister"Teresa" Jones and Sister"Catherine" Stephens. Those received were: Sister"Campion" Marrett and Sister "John Vianney" Hassell, and Brother "Francis" Gard. Father McBride gave an instruction very clear and definite, on the Third Order, and said that it was really an Order, notasodality,andimposed certain obligations and also gave prero. gatives over ordinary societies. Then followed Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.

At the business part of the meeting, Father McBride put to the vote that in future the business portion would he held first and the religious part would follow and all be kept within rertain time. This nvas`carried unani. mously: ,All Tertiaries are requested to remember this, and tell any absentees.

Brother Prefect askedforprayers for Sister McIntyre, who wasin St. John's after abad accident; also for Sister "Anthony" Smith, who wasalso in the same hospital for an operation,

The Franciscan Club reopened on March22, withaneveningsocial,where membersofboth fraternities met and passed apleasant evening,enlivened byviolin musicbytwoofthebrothers. Rev, Father Docherty and our Franciscan Brother "Bonaventure" Docherty. The former also gave avery pleasing talk on Missionary life on the GilbertIslands,whichwasmuchappre. ciatedby all present.

ThefirstThursdaylunchwasheldon March I,at whichSisterCarmodygave awelcome to those present and remarked that she rwas glad to,

be back and had missed the re-unions. Sister Furse read ashort paper on Co-operation to open adebate on that sub ject,which-will be carried on at next luncheon, March S.by three speakers. SitterMcCarthy will speakonSpiritual Co-op.; Sister Naylor on Material Coop., and Sister McDonnell on Goodwill orhow tohelpCo-op. Itis tobe hoped that all members will take in. terest and give opinions, as this is a very pertinent question in which women can greatly help.

7.30 p.m.: Preside at Office of Tensbrae.

March30(GoodFriday)

10 am.:

St. Marys Cathedral. Pre sideatMassofthePresanctified.

3p.m.: Attend Stationsof the Cross 7.30 p.m.: Preside at Office of Tenebrae.

March 31(Holy Saturday)8.15a.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral. Pre. side at Solemn High Mass. •April1(EasterSunday)11 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral. Pon tificate.

HOLIDAYRESORTS

MASS TIME TABLE.

Cottesloe: Sundays: 7a.m.;'10 a.m. North Beach: 8.15 a.m.: every Sunday until further notice.

Rockingham: 9•a.m., March 25, and April I iEaster Sunday). Safety Bay; 9a.m.,March 18.

Scarborough: Sundays: 8a.m.

GRANDNATIONALCONCERTHIS MAJZSTYS THMATRZ,

MARCH18th.

Twelve Minutes ofTraditional, Rythym, Liwting, lively Irish dance tunes will be translated into rythym,true to Irish tradition, at the annual Grand National Concert, part of the celebra• tion of St.Patrick'sDay, by the pro• duction, under arrangement with the Irish National Foresters,-of the Juven• ile and Open Champion Traditional Irish National Step Dance_rs of WA., 1945—titles whichare being contested for atSt.Patrick'sHall, Fremantle, on St. Patrick's night—and a Four-Hand Irish Reel Exhibition by Messrs. Bern. Dwyerand Jim Jones andMisses Flor• tie Schofield and Norma Atkinson, which isbeingpreparedbyMiss Lorna Burke, traditional Irish dancing specialist.

.11

Established 1874.,., w

,,,

OfficialOrganof the Archdiocese of*Perth.

Addressall communicationstothe Editor,BoxA35,G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET,PERTH,

a SP

The course of Lenten Ser— mons at,St. Mary's Cathedral,will1AcgMiRued1)yRev.. Father

J. Sexton, C.SS.R•, on Sundayevening,'March 11

'ST.PATRICK'S -

DAY'•

Solemn High Mass,'in St.Mary'sCathedralat9.30a.m.onSaturday March 17, will mdrk the spiritual celebration of St.Patrick'sDay. His Grace the Archbishop;will preside...

rV

•a;•Octlot

A,8 ral am -

WNW

Marsh U

Morning:Confirmation' at Sacred Heart Church,Mount Barker.

TELEPHONE:B8950.-

PERTH,WEDNESDAY, MARCH7, 1945.

`ATermtoCompromise

fThe'British vote of confidence in Mr. Churchill and the Yalta Conference, although decisive, was marked by considerable unease. Even the Foreign Secretary admitted he didn't much care for the Lublin Committee. The Conservative amendment dirt, however, provoke some remarks which indicate that honourstill dies hard among.the English. Actually Mr, Eden's §peechgavemorehopethanMr.Churchill's. We mustapparently.resign ourselves to the cession of 45 per cent. of Polish•territory whichcontainssomeofPoland's mosthistorical and precious cities,someoftheir greatestreligious shrinesandthe Galicianoilfields, without which Poland as an industrial nation cannot hope to survive::;Th'e.question remains: Is it possible to preserve Poland is,ii -

strong, free, and independent State? Much will depend on the forthcoming-elections, regarding which Britain has publicly and officially committed herself.

"The!Ptess`has touchedvery lightly on theAmerican reactions to -

Yalta, but President Roosevelt was devastatnigly frank. The Polish agreement, he said, was frankly acompromise. - He did notagree withall ofit by any means. This view hasbeen more recently underlined by the Archbishop of Westminster, who remarkedvery pertinently:"There would appear to be no word for 'compromise' in Russian. Whenever democratic statesmen make terms with Stalin they, tint he, must compromise." The Archbishop stated very'truly that abreach between Russia and the West to-day would mean that all the sacrifice; of the last five yearswould be madevoid. Butcan thepeaceofEurope hemade durable by compromise on the part of the West and pertinacity on the part of Russia, Our relations with Hitler should have taught us that there is aterm to compromise. Sooner or later -

we shall have to say: "Thus far and no farther.'

a a • r

The whole issue of the peace of the future hangs upon the extent to which Russia can he trusted. And only afool would pretend that the Soviet's past record inspires confidence.

Isthere reason to believe that the Reds have suffered achange of heart? If it is aquestion ofhaving altered first principles, the answer must be No, for Russia's first and last principle is expediency. Is peace then exiiedient for Russia? It would seem so at the nark_ ment. But it is the temporary nature of the arrangement which issoalarming. Just nowtheSoviethas beforeher the

finishingoff of the warand then the enormous task of reconstructing and repairing the damage caused by the first onslaught of German military might. But when normalcy returns, what then? On theone side an appetiteforcompromise,on the -

other determined expediency. .Intheendthe nations will realise that noneofthis political juggling will supply for the solid basis of peace through the, moral application of justice and Charity.

-St. Patrick's ConcertHis.Majesty's Theatre

Sunday Night,March 18,at 8.45

DOORS OPEN 8p.m.

PROCEEDS FORTHE C.W.O. ADMISSION 2s. TO ALL PARTS OFTHEHOUSE. StallsandCircleSeatsmaybeBookedfor2/7atNicholson's. PLANSOPENONMONDAY, ))(ARCH 12th.

THE PROGRAMME HAS BEEN ARRANGED ON SIMILARLINESTOTHATOFLASTYEAR.

The.annual St. Patrick'sDay Concert will be heldin His Majesty's Theatre. -

Afternoon:Bless extensions to Joseph'sSchool, Albany.

Evening:Confirmation at St.

on Surtday,.March 18,.at8.45 p.m.

Catholic Broadcasts

Stmday3Miarch26 "Jopm.,4 " Broadcast of Evening 'De vo

ti ons from the Cathedral, Preacher, aRe. demptorist Father.

The Catholic Answer: Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Sta tions 6PR ant.$TZ

MUSIC FOR HOLY.WEEK IN OOUNTRY AND gUBURRAN CHURCHES.

To facilitate the tinging of the Proper of the Mass on the principal func. tions of Holy Week,the various Propers will -

be printed next week with the appropriate pointing. There mill also be included asimple three-part setting for the Tracts of Good Friday.

THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS

On March 4, the monthly, general meeting of the Third Order of St. Francis was held at 3p.m. The Director,Rev. E.McBride,professed two sisters who had completed their year's novitiate and received into the Order three more and one brother.

Thoseprofessedwere:Sister"Teresa" Jones and Sister "Catherine"Stephens. Those received were: Sister"Campion" Marrett and Sister "John Vianney" Hassell,and Brother "Francis" Gard. Father 'McBride gave an instruction very clear and definite,on the Third Order,and said that it was really an Order, notasodality,andimposed cer tain.obligations and also gave prerogatives over ordinary societies. Then followed Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.

At the business partbf the meeting, rather McBride put to the vote that in fanfare the business portion would be held first and the religious part would follow and all be kept within certain time. Thiswas carried unanimously: All Tertiaries are requested to remember this, and tell any absentees.

Brother Prefect asked for prayersfor Sister McIntyre,who wasin St. John's after abad accident; also for Sister "Anthony" Smith,who was also in the same hospital for an operation,

The Franciscan Club reopened on March22,withaneveningsocial,where membersofboth fraternities met and passed apleasant evening,enlivened byviolin musicbytwoofthe brothers. Rev. Father Docherty and our Franciscan Brother "Bonaventure" Docherty. The former also gave avery pleasing talk on Missionary life on the Gilbert Islands,whichwasmuchappre• ciated by all present.

ThefirstThursdaylunchwasheldon March 1, at whichSisterCarmodygave awelcome to tbose•.present,and remarked that.she(was glad to be back and had missed the re-unions. Sister Purse read ashort paper on Coopers• tion to open adebate on that sub ject,which-will be carried on at next luncheon,'Starch 8,by three speakers. SitterMcCarthywillspeakonSpiritual Coop.: Sister Naylor on Material Coop., and Sister McDonnell on Goodwill or how tohelpCo-op. Itistobe hoped that all members will fRke

interest and give opinions,as this is a very pertinent question in which women can greatly help.

`Jot eph's Church,Albany.

March 17(St,Patrick's Day>-

9.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High Mass atSt.Mary'sCathedral.

March18: '

12.30 p.m.: Attend Celebrations in honour of St. Joseph at the Little Sistersofthe Poor.

8.45 p.m.: Attend Annual St. Patrick'sDay Concert,at His Majesty's Theatre.

March 19920 a.m.: Preside at Solemn -High MassatSt.Kieran'sChurch,Osborne —Park on the occasion of the Silver # Jubilee o Ordination of` Rev, A. Langmea .

8p.m.: AtendAnnualMeetingofthe Holy Nami SocietyatChristianBro. thers'College,St. George'sTerrace, much 26 (Palm Sunday): Il a.m.: St.Mary'sCathedral. Sol• emnlyblesspalmsandpresideatSol. emnHighMass.

7.30 p.m.: Confirmation and Visita• tionat Our Lady HelpofChristians Church, East'Victoria Park. March28 (spyWednesday)-

7.30 p.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral. Pie• side at Office of Tenebrae.

March29(HolyThursday)-

9.30 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral, Pontificate.

7.30 p.m.: Preside at Office of Tenebrae. March80(GoodFriday)—` 10 a.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral. Pre sideatMassofthePresanctified. 3p.m.: Attend Stationsof theCross 7.30 p.m.: Preside at Office of Tene. brae.

March 81(Holy Saturday)8.15a.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral. Pre. side at Solemn,High Mass. 'April1(EasterSunday)11 a.m.: St.Mary's Cathedral. Pontificate.

HOLIDAYRESORTS

MASS TIME TABLE.

Cottealoe: Sundays: 7a.m.;'10 a.m. North Beach: 8.15 a.m.: every Sunday until further notice.

Rockingham:9'a.m., March 25, and. April 1 (Easter Sunday), Safety Bay: 9a.m.,March 18.

Scarborough: Sundays: 8a.m.

GRANDNATIONALCONCERT•

Em M JM-4 THMLTRE,KARae18th.

TwelveMinutes oITmditfOmk

"Ilym

Lisrting, lively Irish dance tunes will be translatedinto rythym, true to Irish tradition,at the annual Grand National Concert,

part of the celebra- 0 Lion of St.PatrickaDay,by the pro duction,under arrangement with the Irish National Foresters,4of theJuven. ile and Open Champion_Traditional Irish National Step Dancers of WA, IHS—titles which are being contested foratSt.PatricksHall,Fremantle, on St. Pat

rick'snight—+and a Four-Hand IrishReel Exht-

bition by Merin. Bern. DwyerandJim Jones andMisses Floe rie Schofield and "forma Atkinson, i which isbeingpreparedbyMissLorna Burke,traditional Irish dancing epee. ialist.

Letters

to the

Ed i

tor

a '`Quality Street`;

Controversy Closes

Sir,—Father Albert Lynch took it upon himself to open this controversy regarding the merits and demerits of my write-up of the Therry Society's production of "Quality Street;' and I think, following the ordinary rules of debate,that Imustbeallowed to have thelastsay in the matter. Iamsure no one will begrudge this right to one whose behaviour has been characteris-' ed by hts august opponent as that of an "irresponsible juvenile bull in a chinashop." Iwillendeavourtoshow that, once roused, alittle bull will go along way.

definitely discouraged for their own sake as well as the community's:" Did Inot say in the same letter that I agreed with him that the Therry Societyshouldnotbedauntedbyanything Ihad to sayabout them? Did Inot say that if Icould have praised with aclearconscience itwouldhave been a pleasure to do so? It is said to find your correspondent so unwilling to give credit for good intentions.

Iam hopeful that this will be my final snort, because it seems to me that allthat needed tobesaidhasnow beensaid—not least ably by the marry i n

terested outsiders who have express .

` ed their views in support ofme. The main topic of the discussion has now been exhausted; it may even be said that'thebattle ha's beendecided,and I certainly have'no wish to become em. broiled in aseries of minor scuffles down obscure lane-ways. But what can apoor bull do about it?

There are some passages in Father I.ynch's second letter which call for comment. Heaccuses meof dragging the discussion down to apoorlevel by making areference to his musical activities. This is an amusing admission, and Iwould like to be able to congratulate Father Lynchonhissense of humour. Ifear, though, that the angry tone of his letter suggests that he has completely misunderstood me. He has chosen to turn what was in. tended as agraceful and good-natured compliment into an insulting personal remark; it would have been infinitely wiser and more charitable to have taken the complimentat itsface value. Anyone looking back without bias at what Iactually said will agree that Father

Lynch has read an altogether unwarranted meaning into this refer. ence, His second charge of nudeness arises also out of his determination to see nothing but personal spleen in a reniark which was entirely impersonal What Isaid was: "Icannot pretend, however, that the attack has developed from an entirely unexpected quarter." What Imeant was that Iwas not surprised that an objection should come from one of the clergy against my criticism of the peculiar type of printed programme issued by the Therry Society. I can quite well imagine that in ageneral sense the clergy.more than any other section of the community, is by the nature of its office the natural seat of any opposi.

.icn to criticiser of the introduction of the externals of religion into entertainmentsarranged for the public. Iwant to be quite clearly understood in-chat Iam saying here. It would be extremely easy for some misguided per. son to resad between the lines and ac case me of being disrespectful towards the clergy. Isay quite definitely that Ihave atrue and proper respect for theholy office and forthosewho fill it. Isav,quite as definitely.that in the non-Catholic world in which we live it is agrave mistake to serve up the sweets of religion for puhlic consumption. It smacks of touting for c•on• verts and invites ridicule. The met• hods tobe employed in the thentre towards conversion are as totally different from those to he employed in church as chalk is different from cheese to use afamiliar simile. This is my firm opinion,and Iam obviously not offending against faith or moralsin maintainingit. If, however, as Father Lynch declares, it is the pol• icy of the Church authorities to apply to the public the particular mode of approach of the Therry Society, then in common prudence Ishall not ham• per the work of the Church by further criticism of this aspect of the work of the Therry Society—until the effluxion of time and the public reaction have proved my point, as dam sure they Will.

Imust take Father Lynch to task for his persistent distortion of my meaning. ifail to tee how he can think for amoment that Iinclude the Therries among those"who need to be

It is odd that Father Lynckiihould thusallow•me.to'carrythe warinto;his own territorj.'but nobody `Zan.;arty that he hasl,4ot asked for it.: :' Attentionshould be drawn to other salient points.. Firstly,'thesemen did not make fools of themselves by attacking aman-who*subsequently prov. ed to be verygreat; the man they,attacked IRichard Wagner) was very great at the time they attacked him. As amatter of fact the work which occasionedtheattack ("Parsifal,"1882), was Wagner'svery last offering to the public. Secondly,foroneofthecritics at least (Bennett? disapproval of "Parsifal" did not mean that he was incapable of appreciating Wagner. In his own book, "Forty Years of Music, 1885.1905," Mr. Bennett speaks of being inspired by Wagner,and he also has this illuminating passage: "I imagine that no reasonable being shuns another because of an honest differenceinmattersofart. Thething is too absurd for words. It was not Wagner the artist who was acause of offencetome,butWagnertheman. I disliked him for his personal qualities, which,as he isdead andgone,Iwould not describe if it were needful to 10 so. Enough for me that he was'impossible; and there was an end of the whole matter. But that did not hinder me from perceiving his high rank as amusical genius,nor fromaeknow6 lodging it on all fitting occasions"

Father Lynch has confused the issue by-

intrpdueing'theadvicefromSt.Paul to preach thegospelin seasonand out of season. Idid not quote Yeats as asubstitute for,t

S•,Pqul,bgt -

in order to formulate adrpjciple which is well under-stood inaesthetics—thlitof allow. ing the individual to make' .his'own pace in thematterofapprehendingab. solute values. Idon'tthinkthis isan exclusively paganidea—Yours, etc„

DE GUSTIBUS.

Sir,—The discussion in your columns of the Therry Society's production of "Quality Street" has caused quite a numberofletterstobewritten,and,as usual in such circumstances, the o6 ginal issue has beensomewhat clouded by excursions in many directions. I would like, therefore,to take this opportunity, before the subject is closed, of clearing up some misconceptions.

of ahigh standard of acting,

Iam as well aware as Father Lynch of theclaimsofjusticeandCharity. I find no justice,however, in his inference that Ipublicly criticised everylittle flaw of the Therry Society's production. On the contrary,I merely touched on afew very obvious faults. Acouple of these(the blue and white room "blue" and the matter of the ringlets) were aggravated by the false boom of asinine advance publicity. On the other side of the scales none could miss the tribute IpaidtoSusan, even if it had to be at the expense of the leading lady. Finally, realising that Icould not praise the performance Iexercised ameasure of charity by omitting to mention the names of thecast, and also thatof theproducer. Incidentally, for anyone accustomed to reading dramatic criticisms, it must have been apparent that my shafts weredirectednotatthecastbutatthe producer, whose job it was to rectify the errors of production which mainly concerned me in the not unexpected absence ,

Your correspondent has thrownback into my teeth the "medium of reply" tag. Iwould remind him that Igot the expression first from himself when he censured critics in general, and Ernest Newman in particular, for hitting at people who had "no hope or medium of reply." Imerely pointed out that theTherrieshad anadequate mediumofreply if they caredtouseit.

Icannot pass over Father Lynch's sweeping rebuttal of the evidence I tendered from two distinguished critics to point the absurdity of his claim that my review was "one of the most devastatingly severe and discouraging Briticisms" he had ever read. It will be observed that my whole concern here was to illustrate the severity of his judgment. I deliberately chose two samples from a well-known con troversy in the musical world. Iwas not concerned with the validity of the criticisms. Isaid to myself:"Father Lynch is sure to have read these, and when Irecall them to him he will rea. lise that he has clone me an injustice." What do Ifind? Ile seizes upon these celebrated critics, and with a Ihnurishof his-pen he tossesthemaside asmen "whem'historyhasonlynoticed becausetheyattackedamanwhoproved to be very great, and who are not remembered for having made fools of themselves."

Now, Sir whoare these men? \Cell, Ile of them is Joseph Bennett, of the "Daily Telegraph," who has a bio graphical notice in the International CyclopediaofMusicand \lusicians,and of whom A. M. Diehl (Alice Mangold) writes in herbook, "Musical Memories" (1S97):" Facile princeps among musi cal nyriters of the day—as his friend, James Davison, prognosticated that he would be—fir.Bennett shines among a galaxy of more or less accomplished writers on the art." The other is Dr, Wilhelm Lubke, Professor of Art history in Stuttgart, an authority on Raphael's Madonnas, the author of a "History of Architectnre," and of another book which ran through five editions in Germany, and was important enough to be translated into English accompanied by 181 engravings—"Ecclesiastical Art in Germany Duringthe Middle Ages." Dr, Lubke has abio• graphical notice in the German En(yclopaedia of Der Grosse Brockhaus.

Imention the qualificationsof these men atsome length to show that their claims to recognition are quite bona fide. Admittedly Lubke was anemin. ent art critic, but does'that prevent him from having worth-while views on music? The reader will decide for himself whether it is these men who havemadefoolsof themselves.

As Joseph Bennett is himself now dead and gone, it is amatter forsome regretthatFatherLynch canseefitto refer to him in the above disparaging and wildly exaggerated terms.

Iclose on the reference to W. B. Yeats,which FatherLynch finds"sickening. 11

Yeats is apparently to be ostracised because he is a non-Catholic withpaganideas. Butinthesamelet. ter Father Lynch has dinedappetisingly off that other pagan s

George BernardShaw. Arewe thentochoosebe. tween pagans?—and, if so, is Shaw to be held up as the model? Ishudder to thinkof someof the quotations I could cull from Shaw—a sufficiently grim one on euthanasia and religion appeared inthemorningpressonlylast Tuesday.

But,ofcourse it is not aquestionof whether Yeats is apagan or not

Firstly, the ideathatobjection 0uld be taken to aCatholic society being criticised,because it isCatholic, is ab. surd. Nobody would suggest such a thing,neither could any objection be raised against just and fair and es• peciallyconstructivecriticism. Inthis caseit wasamatterofanewly formed body of mostly inexperienced people making abeginning. They had aright to expect thattheirown Catholic journal would notleave them without any encouragement,nomatterhow firm the critic might consider it hisduty to be.

Finally,might Imake asuggestion. Iknow thatamongthevarious writers in this controversy there are several who are talented, experienced players. These are the very people that the Therry Society are longing to have in their ranks. Iknow that they would welcome them,andhegladof theirser• vices. Thesearethepeoplewhocould ensure its suctess on asolid founda• tion, and make avery real and valu• able contribution to what is after all intended to be avigorous manifesta. tion of Catholic Action—Yours, etc., (REV,) ALBERTLYNCH.

(Since no further letters have Been received in this connection, the contra. versy is now closed—Ed.)

ALL THESMARTEST AT AHERN'S•

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"" ontroversy

Sir,—Pather Albert Lynch ;took it upon himself,to open,this controversy regardinfi the.merits and demerits•of dny write-up'of the 'Therry Society's* production of"Quality Street." and`I think,following the ordinary,rules of debate,thatttmustbeallowedto have t thelastsayto thematter. Iamsure no one will begrudge this right to one whose behaviour hat been characteris' ed by Nils augus,t opponent as that of an "irresponsible juvenile bull in a chinashop." Iwillendeavourtoshow that,once roused,alittle bull will go along way.

Iam hopeful that this will be my final snort,because it seems to me thatallthatneededtobesaidhasnow been said—not]east ably by the marry interested outsiders who have express,

' ed their views insupport of me. The main topic of the discussion has now been exhausted:it may even be said that'thebattlehasbeendecided,andI certainly have'no wish to become embroiled in aseries of minor scuffles down obscure lane-ways. But what y can a-poor bull do about it?

There are some passages in Father Lynch's second letter which call for comment. Heaccusesmeof dragging the'discussion down toapoorlevel by making areference to his musical ac. tivities. This is an amusing admis. sion,and Iwouldlike to be able to congratulateFatherLynch onhissense of humour. Ifear, though,that the angry tone of his letter suggests that he has completely misunderstood me. 0He has chosen to turn what was in. tended as agraceful and good-natured compliment into an insulting personal remark;it would have been infinitely wiser and more charitable to have taken the complimentat its face value. Anyone looking back without bias at what Iactually said will agree that Father Lynch has read an altogether unwarranted meaning into this refer. + -ence.

His second charge of rudeness arises also out'of his determination to see nothing but personal spleen in a remark which was entirely impersonal.

What Isaid was: "Icannot pretend, however that the attack has developed from:,

an entirely unexpected quar• ter." What Imeant was that Iwas not surprised that an objection should come from one of the clergy against my criticism of the peculiar type of printed programme issued by the Therry Society. I can quite well imagine that in ageneral sense the clergy, more than any other section of the community, is by the nature of its office the natural seat of any opposi;iun to criticism of the introduction of the externals of religion into entertainmentsarranged for the public. Iwant to be quite clearly understood in.what Iam saying here. It would be ex• tremely easy for some misguided person to read between the lines and ac. case me of being disrespectful towards the clergy. Isayquite definitely that Ihave atrue and proper respect for theholy officeand forthosewho fill it, Isay quite as definitely Ahat in the non-Catholic world in whic

fh we live it is agrave mistake to serve up the Fwrets of religion for public consume. tion. It smacks of touting for con.

• verty and invites ridicule. The met• hods tobe employed in the theatre to. wards conversion are as totally differ• ent from those to be employed in church as chalk is different from cheese to use afamiliar simile.-This is my firm opinion ,and Iam obviously not offending against faith or moralsinmaintainingit. If, however, asFatherLynch declares •

it is the pol• icy of the Church authorities to apply to the public the particular mode of approach of the Therry Society, then in common prudence Ishall not ham• per theworkofthe Church by further criticism of this aspect of the work of the Therry Society—until the effluxion of time and the public reaction have proved my point, as Iam sure they Will.

It is odd that fi4her•d.ya thusalIft41, "1saryt

Imust take Father Lynch -

to task for his persistent distortion of my meaning. Ifail to see how he can think for amoment that Iinclude the Therries amongthose "who need to be

I•to/

l.•oses

.t, definitely discouraged for their own sake as well as the community's.".Did I'not kiy•lit:the same letter'that I agreedwitlr;hin-that theTherry Societyshould ' notbedauntedbyanything Ihadtosayabout them? •Did Inot say that if Icould havepraised with aclearconscienceitwouldhavebeena pleasure to do so? It is said to find your correspondent so unwilling to give credit for good intentions.

Iam as wellaware as FatherLynch oftheclaimsofJuMiceandCharity. I find no justice,however,in his inference that Ipublicly criticised everylittle flaw of the Therry Society's production. On the contrary, I merely touched on afew very obvious faults. Acouple of these (theblue and white room "blue" and the matter of the ringlets)were aggravated by the false boom of asinine advance publicity.

On the other side ofthe scales none couldmiss the tributeIpaidtoSusan, even if it had to be at the expense of the leading lady. Finally,realising that Icould not praise the performance Iexercised ameasure of charity by omitting to'mention the names of thecast,and also thatoftheproducer. Incidentally,for anyoneaccustomedto reading dramatic criticisms,it must have been apparent that my shafts weredirectednotatthecastbutatthe producer,whose job it was to rectify the errors of production which mainly concerned me -

in the not unexpected absence`of ahigh standard of acting.

Yourcorrespondenthasthrownback into my teeth the "medium of reply" tag. Iwould remind him that Igot the expression first from himself'when he censured critics in general, and Ernest Newman in particular,for hit• ting at people who had "no hope or medium of reply." Imerely pointed out that the Therrieshad anadequate mediumofreplyiftheycaredtouseit.

Icannot pass over Father Lynch's sweeping rebuttal of the evidence I tendered from two distinguished critics to point the absurdity of his claim that my review was "owe of the most devastatingly severe and discouraging criticisms"he had everread. It will, be observed that my whole concern here was to illustrate the severity of his judgment. I deliberately chose two samples from awell-known con troversy in the musical world. Iwas not concerned with the validity of the criticisms. Isaid to myself:"Father Lynch is sure to have read these, and when Irecall them to him he will realise that he has done me an injustice."

What do Ifind? He seizes upon these celebrated critics, and with a flourishof his-pen hetossesthemaside asmen "whom'historyhasonlynoticed becausetheyattackedamanwhoproved to be very great,and who are not remembered for having made•fools of themselves."

Now, Sir, whoare these men? Well, cue of them is Joseph Bennett, of the "Daily Telegraph," who has a bio graphical notice in the International CyclopediaofMusicandMusicians,and ofwhom A. M. Diehl(Alice Mangold) writes in herbook,"Musical Memories" (1897):" Faefle princeps among musical writers of the day---as his friend, James Davison, prognosticated that he would be—Mr.Bennettshinesamonga galaxy of more or less accomplished writers on the art." The otheris Dr. Wilhelm Lubke, Professor of Art History in Stuttgart,an authority on Raphael's Madonnas,the author of a "History of Architectnre," and of another book which ran through five editions in Germany,and was important enough to be translated into English accompanied by 181 engravings—'Ecclesiastical Art iriGermany Duringthe Middle Ages." Dr. Lubke has abiographical notice in the German Encyclopaedia of Der Grosse Brockhaus. Imention the qualificationsof these men atsome length to show thattheir claims to recognition are quite.bona fide. Admittedly Lubke was aneminent art critic,but does 'that prevent him from having worth-while views on music? The reader will decide for himself whether it is these men who havemadefoolsof themselves.

0\

tlri'.wsr rt'.n 1q

5 iebld fdkM hrt.• dr tiri4vwwu!!liEE°10 o Stab y;these man'did

"In,segonandout

own terrrt6 thatpe has Attentioqq salientpoints:1 not make fools,-of themselves by attacking aman;.who'' tl pr9V. ed to4x-myIrmat,'-t 0% tacked (Richard Wagner) was very great at the time they attacked him. As amatter of fact the work '

which occasionedtheattack ("Parsifal;'1882), was Wagner'svery last offering to the public. Secondly,foroneofthecritics at least (Bennett( disapproval of "Parsifal"did not mean that be was' incapable of appreciating Wagner. In his own book, Forty Years of Music, 1885.19ob," Mr. Bennett speaks of being inspired by Wagner,andbe also has•thisilluminatingpassage: "I imagine that no reasonable being shuns another because of an honest differenceinmattersofart. Thething is too absurd for words. It was not Wagner the artist who was acause of offencetome;butWagnertheman. I disliked him for his personal qualities, which,as he isdead-andgone,Iwould not describe if it were needful to Jo so. Enough for me that he was'impossible;and there was an endof the whole matter. But that didnot hinder me from perceiving 1131,

high rank as amusical genius,norfrownadmoW6 lodgingit on allfitting occasions.".

)is Joseph Bennett is himself now dead andgone,it isamatter forsomeregretthat FatherLynchcanseefitto refer to him in the above -

disparaging and wildly exaggerated terms.

Iclose on the reference to W. B. Yeats,which FatherLynch finds'"sick. ening." Yeats is apparently tobe ostracised because he is a non-Catholic withpaganideas. Butinthesameletter Father Lynch has dinedappetisingly off that other paganGeorge BernardShaw. Arewethentochoosebetween pagans?—and, if so, is Shaw to be held

up as the model? Ishudder to thinkof someof the quotations I could cull from Shaw—a Sufficiently grim one on euthanasia and religion appearedinthe morningpressonlylast Tuesday.

But,ofcourse,itisnotaquestionof whether Yeats is apagan or not

Fa i ync Aga confused the WM 1,by ' •,t1kvvicefromSt.PWA cif a. rIotquoto Yeats as 4 b!tt?tEs log I; rporder•. td f ulgfe:0,

a,w is well tindq ooh!in' eties-t tofallow. ing the iadi=A to aagkd"'bite own ace pacein themattes'bf *ptelidn ngab. t ,

, solute values. Idon'tthinkthisisin r,.; exclusively paganidea.—Yowe,etc„ DE GUSTIBUS. "''`

Sir,—The discussion in yourcolumns of the Therry:Society's production.of "Quality Street"has caused quite'a numberofletterstobewritten,and,as usual in such circrrmatances, the 06 ginalissue hasbeen somewhatclorsdsd,. by excursions in many directions— I would like, therefore,to take this op portunity,before the subject isclosed, of clearingupsome misconceptions.

Firstly,the ideathatobjectioncbuM be taken to aCatholicsociety being criticised,because itisCatholic,isab. surd. Nobody would suggest such a thing, neither could any objection be raised againstjust .and fair, and es• peciallyconstructivecriticism. Inthis caseitwasamatterofanewlyformed body of mostly inexperienced people.makingabeginning.They had aright toexpect thattheirownCatholicjoust nal would notleave them withoutarty encouragement,nomatterhowfirmthe critic might consider it hisdutytobe.

Finally, might Imake asuggestion.'.. Iknowthatamongthe variouswriter 'Y in this controversy there are several ; who are talented,experienced players. These are the very people that the Therry Society are longing to have in theirranks. Iknowthat they would welcomethem,andbeglad,oftheiraer• 0, vices.• Thesearethepeoplewhocould j'4: ensure its success on asolid founds. tion,and make avery real and valve able contribution to what is after all intended to be a•vigorous manifesta. tion ofCatholic Action—Yours,etc.;

(REV,) ALBERTLYNCH.

(Since no further letters have fieee received in thisconnection,the controversy is now ckoded—Ed.)

ALLTHE SMARTEST AT AHERN'S•

Hollywood Black Suede High cut Gusset Court Shoes. With full spike'heels,in all sizes.. 27/9 pair- and 8 coupons.

Hollywood Highest grade Brown Kid Court Shoes, as illustrated: Full spike heels, All sizes. 28/9 pair and8Coupons.

G.K.C. Versus G.B.S.With Belloc "Sneering" in the Chair

Strange Friendship Between the Protagonists

erty-stricken six years to learn more about the world and its people before continuing with his writing.

London, Feb. 23.

George Bernard Shaw in an article in the Socialist magazine "Forward" describes the Crimea conference communique as"the most impudently incredible fairy tale that ever amused and kept quiet the pack-of children we politically are."

He adds that Marshal Stalin was first and the rest nowhere on the Polishquestion. "LublinhasbeatenLondonhandsdownand Washingtonlooked on not knowing what to say," he says. "There are other Lublins and other Londons, and there will bemore of them. Marshal Stalin will be for Lublin every time and what Stalin saysis sofarthe voiceof destiny."

The preceding news item should remind us, if we needed any reminder, thatG.B.Shawisstillhaleandhearty, remarkable thoughthatfactmayseem for avegetarian. Shaw isbest known as aplaywright,acontroversialist,and awriterofbooksand articleson social andeconomicquestions. Itisnotper. hapsso wellknownthat this Irishman, who is now an institution with the British pubzlic, first achieved fame as amusical and dramatic critic. Briefly. the factsofhis early lifeare this: He was born in Dublin in 185(9, and came to England, ashy and awkwardyoungman,attheage of twenty. Forthree years he worked as atraveller and then aclerk with the Edison Co., during which period he wrote five novels in satirical vein, none of which could find apublisher. In 1879 he gave up his job, and for the next six years drifted around London, visiting the British Museum daily and ,

taking part in Socialist debating clubs. He was prominent in the foundation of theFabianSociety,whichhashadsuch amarked effect on Socialistic activity. He continued to write until 1885 with no further success (although Cashel Byron's Profession came from his pen in 1882, butwasunpublished). Inall these nine years in London he earned exactly fifteen shillings by writing being supported by his mother. He decided towards the end of those pov-

- TO THE -

SPORTING PUBLIC OF

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

We deeply regret that owing to the unreasonable demands of the Breeders, Owners and Trainers' Association,and theirinfluencetoprevent Ov+ners from nominating their horses, we have been forced to cancel the last Three Trotting fixtures, and we now find it necessary-to cancel the Easter Carnival programme of£6,:100 which iwas scheduled for March 17 and 31. The ultimatum from the 11,0. and T.A. to cease racing after January31 ?

1945, wasaccompaniedbydemandswhichdidnot set outany dissatisfaction by them with any racing conditions or other matters relative to their interests but aimed directly at the control of the Sport. These demands were as follows:

1. The immediate abolition of the Guarantor system.

2. The re-opening of the W.A.T.A. membership list.

3,The W.A. TrottingAssociation Constitutionbe so altered that two members of the Committee of seven'be representatives of the B.O. and TA., elected by that body, and to have full powers of any otherelectedCommitteeman.

There can beonlyoneorganisation incontrol ofthe sport and that authority has been vested in this Association by the Government.

The ultimatum issued by the B.O. and T.A. is adirect challenge to the wartime policy of this Association, which policy was decided upon by Members in the early stages of the War and has subsequently been confirmed by numerous meetings of members, the last ofwhich was on the 16th. February, 1945. This policy was outlined as follows:

1. To carry on for the duration of the war under the present Constitution,

2.To donate all surplusprofits to Patriotic Fundsand Charities.

3.To keep the membershipclosed until after the War, so as to give men away on service an opportunity to apply for membership.

By carrying out this policy to the satisfaction of its members, this Association has been able to provide approx. (90,000 for Patriotic and Charitable purposes, and at the same time has been able to increase stake moneys for owners to an all-time record of(5'1,275 for the 194344 season, when 22 Trottingmeetings were conducted.

Zach cancellationof atrotting fixture deprives]Patriotic and Charitable Organisations of an average amount of £1,200, also thousands of good supportersof their recreation.

.This Association will continue to use its best efforts for the early resumption of trotting.

TRZWZSTAUSTRALIANTRA)TTINGASSOCIATION (Incorporated). R. N.PERCIVAL. Secretary.

In 1885 he got his first big break. William Archer, the well-known dramaticcritic,had been intriguedby the sight of him in the Reading Room at the British Museum, sitting week after week with two identical books before him—one avolume of Karl Marx, the other amusical score. They became friends, and Archerobtainedfor hima j6breviewingbooksandpictures,_which he did nothave time tocoverhimself, for the"Pall Mall Gazette" and "The World." During 1885 Shaw earned 1112. Thiswent on forthree years.

In 1888he got hisfirstregular news-* paper job. Some of his political articles were refused by the"Star," for. which he had been doingsome reviewing, and by way of a gesture, they switched him over to the position of musical critic. He began under the nom-de-plume of Corno di Bassetto, with two columns a week for two guineas. He immediately set out on theself-appointedtaskofmakingmusical criticism intelligible to the average man. Otherwise,he asked, whyshould it be written at all. He.aimed to clean up "the augean stables of the musicaltworld." Hediditwithmarkedsuccess.

In1890the"Saturday Review"offered him £6perweek to writeunderhis own name. In 1894 he decided he could'write no more on musicwithout repeating himself, and so he became the paper's dramatic critic. In the meantime he had been experimenting with minor successes in writing plays himself. "Mrs. Warren's Profession," for example, was written during the 'nineties, but as yet as a playwright hewasnotreallybeforethepubliceye.

In his criticism, as in his plays, he was concerned with restoring the theatre as atheatre of ideas, particularly hisownideas. Hethoughtof the theatre, to use his own metaphor, as a church," wlfere two or three were gathered together." In his criticisms, Shaw said that divine justice was not one of his attributes, and he made no jretence of being even reasonably fair. But theyrepresented asiege which as he expresses it, he had to cutinto the theatricalworldatthepointof hispen.

In 1898, worn out and seriously ill, he retired infavourofMaxBeerbohm.His farewell article is perhaps worth reprinting in full:

"As Ilie here, helpless and divabled, or, at best, nailed by one foot to the floorlike adoomedStrasbury Goose, a sense of injury grows' on me. For nearly four years—to be precise since New Year 1895—I havebeenthe slave of the theatre. It hastethered me to the mile radius of its foul and sooty air,which hasits centre in the Strand, as agoat istetheredin the little circle of cropped and trampled grass that makes the meadow ashamed. Every week itclamoursforitstale of written words,so thatIamlikeaman fighting awindmill. Ihave hardly time to stagger to my feet from the knockdown blow of one sail, when the next strikes me down. Now, Iask is it reasonable to expect me to spend my lifein this way. Forjustconsidermy position. Do Ireceive any spontaneous recognition for the prodigies of skill and industry Ilavish on an unworthy institution and astupid public. Not abit of it; half my time is spent in telling people what aclever manIam. Itisnousemerely doing clever thing's in England. The English do not know what to think until they are coached, laboriously and insistently for years in the proper and becomingopinion. Fortenyearspast with an unprecedented pertinacity and obstination, Ihave been dinning into the publichead that Iam an extraordinary witty, brillianrand clever man. That isnowpart of the public opinion ofEngland; andnopowerinheavenor earth willeverchangeit. Imay dod. der and dote; Imay potboil and platitudinise; Imay become the butt and chopping block of all the bright original spirits of the rising geners-

tion; but my reputation shall not suffer; it is built up fast and solid, like Shakespeare's,onan impregnable bads of dogmatic reiteration.

"Unfortunately, the building process hasbeenamostpainfulonetome, because Iam congenitally an extremely, modestman. Shynessistheformmy vanity and self-consciousness take by nature. It is humiliating, too, after making -

the most dazzling displays of professionalability,tohavetotellpeoplehow clever it all is. Besides,they get so tired of it, thatfinally, without dreaming of disputingthe alleged brilliancy,theybegintodetestit. Isometimes get quite frantic letters from peoplewhofeel thattheycannotstand me any longer.

"Then there are themanagers. Are they grateful? No; they are simply, forebearing. Insteadoflookiog•up to me as their guide, philosopher and friend, they regard me merely as the author of aberies of weekly outrages on theirprofession and their privacy. Worse than the managers are the Shakespearians. When I began to write William was adivinity and a bon. Now he is a fellow-creature: and his plays have reachedan unprecedentedpitchofpopularity. Andyet his worshippers overwhelm my name with insult.

These circumstances will not bear thinking of.- Ihave never-had time to think of them before, but now Ihavenothingelse todo. Whenaman ofnormalbabitsisill,everyonehastensto assure him that he is going to recover. Whenavegetarianisill(which fortunately very seldom' happens), everyone assures him that he'is going todie,and that they told him so, and that It serves him right. They implore him to take at least a little gravy, so as to give himself achance of lasting out the night. They tell him awful stories ofcasesjustlike his own, which ended fatally after indescribable torments; andwhenhetremblingly inquires whether the victims were not hardened meat-eaters, they tell him he mustnot talk, as it is not goodforhim. Ten timesaday. Iam compelled to reflect on my past life and on the limited prospect of three weeks or so of Jiggering moribundity, which is held uptomeasmyprobable future, with the intensity of adrowningman. And Ican never justify to myself the spending of four vears on dramatic criticism. Ihave sworn an oath to endure no more of it. Never againwillIcrossthethresholdofatheatre. The subject is exhausted: and so am I.

"Still,thegaietyof nationsmustnot be eclipsed. The longstring of beautiful ladies who are at present in the square without, awaiting, under the . supervision of two gallant policemen their turn at my bedside, must be reassured when they protest as they undoubtedly will that the light of their lifewill go out if mydramaticarticles cease. Toeach ofthemIwill present theflower left by herpredecessor, and assure her that there are as good fish intheseaasevercameoutofit. The younger generation is knocking at the door; and as Iopen it there steps'' spritely in the incomparable Max.

"For the rest letMaxspeakfor himself. Iam off duty for ever and am going to sleep."

Many stories are told of Shaw as a critic. On one occasion in his proles. sionalcapacity heattendedanevening at which asociety lady was bringing outanewviolinist.Duringthecourse of the evening she asked G.B.S. what he thought of her new find. "He reminds me of Paderewski," came the reply. The hostess, a little taken aback for amoment,paused and then said,"But Paderewski was apianist" "Just so,madam,just so," returned Shaw. On anotheroccasionhe wrote, "The tenor,probably once ahale and heartyyoungman,butnowquite comfortably adipose,was undoubtedly waiting for the time when death— should release him from the part of Hecurtlyrefusedtoattendthe funeral of the famous Shakespearian

G.K.C. Versus G.B.S.With Belloc "Sneering" in

the Chair

StrangeFriendshipBetweentheProtagonists

The preceding news item should remind us,ifwe needed any reminder, thatG.B.Shawisstillhaleandhearty, remarkablethough thatfactmayseem foravegetarian. Shawisbeatknown asaplaywright,acontroversialist,and awriterofbooksand articlesonwcial andeconomicquestions. ItisnotperhapssowellknownthatthisIrishman, who is now an institution with the British pubzlic,first achieved fame as amusical and dramatic critic.

London,Feb. 23, George Bernard Shaw in an article in the Socialist magazine "Forward" describes the Crimea conference communique as "the most impudently incredible fairy tale that ever amused and kept quiet the pack-of children we politically are."

He adds that Marshal Stalin was firstand the rest nowhere on the Polishquestion. "LublinhasbeatenLondonbandsdownand Washingtonlooked on not knowing what to say," be says. "There are other Lublins and other Londons,and therewill bemore of them. Marshal Stalin will be for Lublin every time and-what Stalin saysissofarthe voiceofdestiny."

Briefly.the factsofhisearly lifeare this: He was born in Dublin in 1856, and came to England,a'shy andawkwardyoungman,attheageoftwenty. Forthree yearshe worked as atraveller and then aclerk with the Edison Co., duringwhich period he wrotefive novels in satirical vein, none of which could find apublisher. In 1979 he gave up his job, and for the next six years drifted around London,visiting the British Museum daily and ,

taking part in Socialist debating clubs. He web prominent in the foundation of theFabianSociety,whichhashadsuch amarked effect on Socialistic activity. He continued to write until 1868with no further success (although Cashel Byron'sProfession came from his pen in 1882,butwasunpublished). Inall these nine years in London he earned exactly fifteen shillings by writing, being supported by his mother. He decided towards the end ofthose pov.

- TO THESPORTING PUBLIC

OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA

We deeply regret that owing to the unreasonable demands of the Breeders,Owners and.Trainers'Association,andtheirinfluencetoprevent Owners from nominating their horses,we have been forced to cancelthe last Three Trotting fixtures, and we now find it necessaryto cancel the Easter Carnival programme of£6,500 whichwasscheduled for March 17 and 31. The ultimatum from the h.O.and T.A. to cease racing after January31 l

1945,wasaccompaniedbydemandswhichdidnotsetoutany di4satisfactron by them with any racing conditions or other matters relative to their interests but aimed directly at the control of the Sport. Thesedemands were as follows:

1. The immediate abolition of theGuarantor system.

2. The reopening ofthe W.A.T.A. membership list.

3.The W.A.TrottingAssociation Constitutionbe so altered that two membersof the Committee of seven'be representatives of the B.O. and TA., elected by that body,and to have full powers of any _ otherelectedCommitteeman.

Therecanbeonlyoneorganisation incontrol ofthe sportand that authority.has been vested in this Association by the Government.

Theultimatum issued bythe B.O. and T.A.is adirect challenge to the wartime policy of this Association,which policy was decided upon by Members in the early stages of the War and has subsequently been confirmed by numerous meetings of members,the last ofrwhich was on the 16th.February,1945. This policy was outlined as follows:

1. To carry on for the duration of the war under the present Constitution,

2.To donateall surplusprofits to PatrioticFundsandCharities.

3.To keep the membershipclosed untilafter the War, so as togive men away on service an opportunity to apply for membership. By carrying out thispolicy to the satisfaction of its members, this Association has been able to provide approx.f90,000 for Patriotic and Charitable purposes,and at the same time has been able to increase stake moneys for owners to an all-time record of J54,278 for the 194344 season,when22 Trottingmeetings were conducted.

=seh waeellationofatrotting Wondeprives Patriotic and Charitable Organisations of*an avwage amount of f.1,900, ahw thousands of good supportersof theirreerestiom

.This Association will continue to use its but efforts for the early resumptionof trotting.

TMW3=AUSTRALIANTROTTE110A3NOMTSON (lneorporated). R. N.PERCIVAL.Secretary.

arty-stricken six years to learn more about the world and its people before continuingwithhiswriting.

In 18M he got his first big break. William Archer the well-known dra. matic critic,badbeenintriguedby the sight ofhim intheReading Room at the British Museum,sitting weak after week with two identical books before him--one•avolume of Karl Marx, the other amusical soore. They became triends,andArcherobtainedforhima reviewingbooksandpictures,which he did not have time tocover himself, for the "Pall Mall Gazette"and "The World." During 1888 Shaw earned £112. Thiswentonforthree years.

In 1888he gothisfirst regular news-' paper job. Some of his political articles were refused by the "Star," for. which he hadbeendoingsome review. ing,and by way ofa gesture they switched him over to the position of musical critic. He began under the nom-de-plume of Corno di Bassstto, with two columns a week for two guineas. He immediately set out on theself-appointedts%kofmakingmusical criticism intelligible to the average .man. Otherwise,beasked,whyshould it be written at all. He.aimed to clean up "the augean stables of the musical(world." Hediditwithmark. edsuccess.

In1890the"Saturday Review"offer ed him£6perweek to writeunderhis own name. In 1894 he decided be could'write no more on musicwithout repeating himself,and so he became the paper'sdramatic critic. In the meantime he had been experimenting with minor successes in writing plays himself, "Mrs. Warren'sProfession," for example,was written during the 'nineties,butas yet as a playwright hewasnotreallybefore thepubliceye. In his criticism,as in his plays, he was concerned with restoring the theatre as atheatre of ideas,particularly hisownideas. Hethoughtof the theatre, to use his own metaphor, as a church," wifere two or three were gathered together." In his criticisms, Shaw said that divine justice was not one of his attributes,and he made no jretence of being even reasonably fair. But theyrepresented asiege which, is he expresses it,he had to cutinto the theatricalworldatthepointofhispen. In 1898,worn out and seriously ill, he retiredinfavourofMaxBeerbohm.His farewell article is perhaps worth reprinting in full:

"As Ilie here,helpless and disabled, or, at best,nailed by one foot to the floorlikeadoomedStrasburyGoose, a sense of injury grows'on me. For nearly four years—to be precise since New Year 1895—Ihave been theslave of thetheatre. It hastethered me to the mile radius of its.foul and sooty air,whichhasits centre in the Strand, asagoat istetheredin the little circle of cropped and trampled grass that makes the meadow ashamed. Every week itclamoursforitstale of written words,so thatIamlikeamanfighting awindmill. Ihave hardly time to stagger to my feet from the knockdown blow of one sail, when the next strikes me down. Now, Iask is it reasonable to expect me to spend my lifeinthisway. Forjustconsidermy position. Do Ireceive anyspontaneous recognition for the prodigies of skill and industry Ilavish on an unworthy institution and astupid public. Not abit ofit;halfTny time is spent in telling people what aclever manIam. Itisnousemerely doing clever things in England. The Eng. lish do notknow what to think until they are coached,laboriously and insistently for years in the proper and becomingopinion. Fortenyearspast with an unprecedented pertinacity and obstination,Ihave been dinning into the publichead that Iam anextraordinarywitty,bn'lliant'andclever man. Thatisnowpartofthepublic opinion ofEngland;andnopowerinheavenor earth willeverchangeit. Imaydodder and dote;Imay potboil and platitudinize;Imay become the butt and chopping block of all the bright original spirits of the rising genera-

tion; but my reputationstall not suffer; it is built up fast and solid, like Shakespeare's,onanImprs•gttablebads ofdogmatic reiteration.

"Unfortunately, the baildins proosls hasbeenamostpainfulonetome,be. r cause Iam ,

congenitallyan extremeiy modestman. Shynessistheformmy vanity and self-consciousness take by nature. It is'humiliating,loo 'after making the most dazzling dispLys of professionalability,tohavetotellppeaa► piehowcleveritallis. Besides,.they getso tired ofit, thatfinally, without dreaming of disputingthe alleged brilliancy,theybegintodetestit. Isometimes get quite frantic letters from 41people1whofeelthattheycannotstand me any longer.

"Then thereare themanagers. ,Are they grateful? No; they are simply forebearing. Insteadoflookipg'up to nie as their guide,philosopher and friend,they.regard me merely as the author of aberias of weekly outrages on theirprofession and their privac: y Worse than the managers are the Sbakespearlans. When I began to write William was adivinity and a bore. Now he Is a fallow-creature: and his plays have reached an unprecedentedpitchofpopularity. Andyet his worshippers overwhelm my name with insult.

'These circumstances will not bear thWring of.- Ihave never -

had time to think of them before,but now I 0 havenothingelsetodo. Whenaman ofnormalhabitsisi11,everyonehastens to assure him that he is going to recover. Whenavegetarianisill(which fortunately very seldom happens), everyone assureshim that heis going todie,and thatthey told him so, and that It serves him right. They implore him to take at least a little gravy,so as to give himself achance of lasting out the night. They tell shim awfulstories ofcasesjusthirehis own, which ended fatally after indescribable torments;andwhenhetram, blingly inquires whether the victims were not hardened meat-eaters, they tell him he mustnottalk,as it isnot goodforhim. Tentimesaday. Iam compelled to reflect on my past life and on the limited prospect of three weeks or so ofliggering moribundity, which ishelduptomeasmyprobable future,with the intensity of adrown- t ingman. And Ican never justify to myself the spending of four vears on dramatic criticism. Ihave sworn an oath to endure no more of it. Never againwillIcrossthethresholdofatheatre. The subject is exhausted; and so am I.

"Still,thegaietyof nationsmustnot be eclipsed. Thelongstring of beautiful ladies who are at present in the square without,awaiting,under the supervision of two gallant •policemen their turn at my bedside, must be reassured when they protest as they undoubtedly will that the light of their life will go out if my dramaticarticles cease. Toeach ofthem Iwill present theflower left by her predecessor, and assure her that there are as good fish intheseaasevercameoutofit. The younger generation isknocking at the door; and as Iopen it there steps*' spritely in the incomparable Max.

"For the restletMaxspeakfor himself. Iam off duty for ever and am going to sleep."

Many stories are told of Shaw as a critic. On one occasion in his professional capacityhe attendedanevening at which asociety lady was bringing outanewviolinist. Duringthecourse of the evening she asked G.B.S. what,, he thought of her new find. "He reminds me of Paderewski," came the reply. The hostess, a little taken aback for amoment,paused and then said,"But Paderewski was apianist" "Just so, madam,just so," returned Shaw. On anotheroccasionhe wrote, "The tenor,probably once ahale and heartyyoungman,butnowquitecomfortably adipose,was undoubtedly waiting for the time when dent should release him from the part of Hecurtlyrefusedtoattendthe funeral of the famous Shakespearian

Wedn lbr,Korth7, 1918.

actor,Irving,in Westminster Abbey, by1writing thatliterature had no place at Irving'sfuneral; that Irving would turn in his grave if he went, as undoubtedly Shakespeare would turn in his grave when Irving came, Once the management of a theatre,disappointed in one of his reviews, did not send along complimentary tickets for their next performance. He calmly announced this in the"Saturday Review," and went on to tell his readers that he had reserved four front stalls for the show that evening, and that hewould writehiscriticism next week. Oddly enough, it turned out to be a favourable criticism, which only went to show. Shaw said, that the producer didn't know agood play when he had one. Nevertheless, those on the stage must have endured some uncomfort. able moments whenever thev caught a glimpse of G.BS, sitting in his four front stalls.

Ile wrote once of J. M. Barrie that "fir. Barrie makes apretty character as amilliner makes a bonnet, by matching materials; he has no eye for human character, only for human qualities," and of an overture to a Barrie play,"Sir A. C. Mackenzie's overture wasdrowned by theconversationwhich wasenergetically led by the composer and Sir George Lewis" Of anotherplay he wrote,"Biarritzissure to run triumphantly for several years. What Mr.Jerome K.Jeromewas thinkingof when he wrote it is hard to explain, but he haswritten tothe papers promising to explain everything when the worst is over.... Two minutes of Biarritz would reconcile aTrappist to his monastery'for life"

Iquote hereunder arather fuller extractofacriticismbyShaw: "Ishould, by the way, like to know the truth about the great stage effect at the end of the second act, where Sirs. Patrick Campbell enters with her plain and verybecomingdresschangedforahorrifying confection apparently made of Japanese bronze wallpaper and abold pattern of stamped gold. Lest the maker should take an action against meand obtain ruinousdamages, Ihasten to say that the garment was well made, the skirt and train perfectly hung, and the bodice, or rather waistband, fitting flowlessly. Bdt, as I know nothing of the fashion in evening dresses, it seemed rather lower in the pectoral region than I expected; and it was to my taste, appallingly ugly.... Conceivemy feelingswhen everyoneon thestage wentintoecstasiesofadmiration.... Agreatdealof the performance is extremely tedious. Thefirsttwentyminutes,withitsintolerable, unnecessary and unintelligible explanations about the relationship of thecharacters, shouldbe ruthlessly cut hurt... The companyneed to be reminded that the Garrick is atheatre in which very distinct utterance is desirable Miss Jeffreys, miraculously ill-fitted with her part, was pleasant for the first five minutes,during which she was suggesting aperfectly different sort of person to that which she afterwardsvainlypretended to become. The other characters were the merest stock figures, convincing us that Mr..Pinero eithernevermeetsanybodvnoworelse that he has lost his power of ohsen•ation. Many passages in the play, of course have all the qualities which havegainedMr.Pinerohispositionasa dramatist; but Ishall not dwell on them, as to tell the troth, Idisliked theplaysomuch thatnothingcould in duceme tosay anythinggoodof it."

It would be unfair to give the im.pression that Shaw was always condemnatory. Often he was not. He had, for instance,agreat admiration for the Mrs. Patrick Campbell referred toabove. "Youwilltellme,nodoubt, that Mrs. Patrick Campbell cannot act. Whosaid she could? Whowants to act? Who cares twopence whether she possessesthat orany other secondrateaccomplishment? Onthe highest plane one does not act, one is. Go 'and see her move stand, speak, look, kneel—go and'hreathe the magic atmosphere that is created by the grace ofall thosedeeds: andthen talk tome aboutacting,forsooth."

Still the highest praise that can be bestowed onShaw as adramatic critic is that he succeeded in hisaim of per. suading producer% that problem plays were suitable dramatic material. The Domestic Problems Solved:By LmerlcanBhoFlameStoves,AtW.A.Stove Co.,Wellington-street,Perth. BUN.

theatre in those days was somewhat divorced from realities andreal people, but as Chesterton Observed Shaw brought something of Haymarket into the Haymarket.

It was as well, however, that Shaw gave up writing dramatic criticism, for afterthathisown powersasadramatistcametofullfruition,andinthe first decade of the present century plays began toflowfrom hispen,andhe,was established.

It was during the same period, too, that the famous ShawChesterton con• troversies took place which kept both men before the public eye. It was said at the time that the two men achieved cheap notoriety by attacking themselves in public, but this was fa• from the troth. It was in 1908 that the famous debate took place, which has beenpublished in bookformunder the title"Do WeAgree?" Before the debate, at which Belloc wasto be present, Shaw wrote to Chesterton, who was seventeen years his junior: "The disadvantages for us are that we bath want Belloc to let himself go. Isimply thirst for the blood of his servile State. I'll servile him. We shall all three talk all over the shop, and possibly never reaching the Socialist depariment—and Belloc will not trouble about the roles of public meeting and debate, even if there were any reason to suppose that he is acquainted with them... .Did you see my letter in Tuesday's'Times'? Magnificent! My loveto Airs. Chestertonand my most distinguishedconsiderationstoWimple. to Hell with the Pope."

Belloc,however refused to begotat. His opening rlmarks were brief: "Ladies and gentlemen Mr. Shaw and Mr. Chesterton are about to debate, you are about to listen, Iam about to sneer."

Shaw had a great admiration for ChestertonandBelloc. Itwashewho christened them the Chesterbelloc,"a four-footed animal capableof doing an infiniteamountofharm."

"I have never met G,K.C.," wrote Lawrence of Arabia to afriend,"but Shaw always callshim aman of colossal genius." Shaw, too, once said of Belloc that he was wasting prodigious giftsinthe service ofthePope,andhe describedChesterton's'biography of him as"thebestbook onShawIhave yet provoked."

In

Maisie Ward's biographv of G.K.C.wefind lettersinwhichShaw is urging Chesterton to write plays: "I shall deliberately destroy your credit as an essayist, as ajournalist, as a critic, as aLiberal, as everything that offersyoulazinessandrefugeuntilstarvation and shame drive you to serious dramatic parturition. I shall repeat my public challenge to you; vaunt my superiority; insult your con pulence; torture Belloc; if necessary, callon you and steal your wife'saffec. tion by intellectual and athletic displays until you contribute something to the British drama.. . Lord help youif youeverloseyourgiftofspeech, G.K.C. Don't forget that the race is only struggling out of its dumbneks, and-it is only in moments of inspira. tion that we get out asentence. All the rest is padding—Yours ever, G. Bernard Shaw."

Ultimately, Chesterton yielded and wrote "Siagic," his first and only excursion into the field of drama. He apparently sold it cheaply, because .Shaw wrote'to Mrs. Chesterton telling her to get adivorce, or alternatively that the next time her hushand wrote aplanwhichshould adequatelyprovide for their old age, to lock him up, and tobring the play to him tosell.

Of Shaw as awriter and asocial reformer, Ido not wish to speak here. Two of his plays, atleast,"Major Bar. bara" and ::Pygmalion." are probably well known to readers per medium of the films. The filming ofathird was commenced some time ago.

CATHOLICTEACHERS'GUILO

The next meeting of the Guild takes place at 10,30a.m.on Saturday. March 10, in the Guild Room at Bacton (louse. Will members please note the alteration of the time of the monthly Saturday meeting? It is proposed this year to have an annual general CommuniononNewmanSunday.

At the last meeting,Rev. Father Murphy, Guild Chaplain, delivered a very interesting and highly instructive addresson "The CatholicTeacher."

By "LAURI."

"Themainandofeducationistoteach peopletothink."—Lord'Cromer.

This week our news is all for' the schools and Catholic Movements—ever watchful of literature which will help teacher student and Catholic Actionist. Firstsupplies have come tohand of the following books:

"Some Catholic Principles for Present Day Needs." By Very Rev. F. T. Walsh, M.A., C.SS.R. (Catholic Evidence Lectures). 1/3.

"Christ the Divine Liberator of Wo. man" 2/6.

"A Handbook of True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin (The de Montfort Way). 4/-.

"God's Heroes," Studies of Bible and Church Iiistory(specially prepared Schools and Colleges). By Abbot Pendleton. 1/-.

"The Story of the Church." For inter. mediate classes. By D. G. Purton, M.A. Illustrated. 1/3.

"Illustrated Bible History of the Old and New Testaments. By Rev. Ig. natiusSchuster,D.D. 3/.. The last three mentioned books are writteninamost interestingstyle.The absence of"dryness" makes them as easy to read and understand as any ofthewellknown tales which children revel in.... It's adelightful way to learn the important business of know. ing one's faith and the History of the Church.

Also:

"CATHOLIC FAITH EXPLAINED" (in four'books for teachers). Various prices, 4/6 to 10/6. And in the same series,"CATHOLIC FAITH CATECHISM." For PrimaryGrades. 1/3. (Based on Cardinal Gasparris"CA. THOLIC CATECHISM," which has beenapprovedbytheHolySeeforuniversal use.)

"THE CATHOLIC EVIDENCE GUILD" in Secondary School's." By Sr, M. Anselm, O.P., M.A., DipEd, 1/3.

t`.

"CATIOLICINSTRUCTIONCARDS'

By Rev.Dr. Rumble,M.S.C., embracing 26 subjects. Admirable for converts. 2/8.

The Little OfficeoftheImmaculate Conception," combined with the Prayers and services at meetings of the Children ofMary. Booklets2d.each.

"The Little Office of the Holy Angels," 3d. each.

Next week we will give you details of the excellent line-up of books recently received from Burns,Oates for our Library.

A London shipment of Children's hooks ha,; just arrived: Story Books, Prize Books, Birthday Gift Books!!I We will find space to tell you about these...,. NEXT WEEK.

Petitions for"Definition" of Our Lady'sAssumption

Threevolumespresented totheHoly Father contain 3,019 petitions for the solemn definition of the corporeal assumption of Our Lady into Heaven, which were addressed to the HolySee between 1869 and 1941 by the Episcopate and various ecclesiastical bodies.

Vatican Radio stated that 1,332 Patriarch's, Archbishops and Bishopsgoverning 820 residential sees are among the petitioners-70 per cent,of all diocesan sees.

9,019 Petitions.

This,remarked the announcer, is an imposing "Credo"—"Ibelieve in the Assumption of Our Lady"—but these nre only afraction of the total number addressed to the Holy See by groups and individuals.

"Last century," the announcer said, "saw the proclamationoftheImmaculate Conception. May we not hope that this century will see this other crown ofglory onOur Lady'shead?"

Since the time of Pope Leo XIIII, all petitionssenttothe HolySeehave 'been preserved in the archives of the Holy Office.

aptor,Irving,in Westminster Abbey, bywriting thatliteraturehad no place at Irving'sfuneral;that Irvirig would turn in bia gave if he went, as on. doubtedly Shakespeare would turn in his grave when Irving came, Once the managementof a theatre,disap• pointed inoneof his reviews,did not send along complimentary tickets for their next performance. He calmly announced this in the "Saturday Re• view;" and went on to tell•,his readers that he had reserved four front stalls for the show that evening,and that hewould writehiscriticism next week. Oddly enough, it turned out to be a favourable criticism,which only went to show.Shaw said, that the producer didn'tknow'sgood play when he had' one. Nevertheless,those on the stage must have endured some uncomfort• able moments whenever they caught a glimpse of G.B.S. sitting in his four front stalls.

He wrote once ofJ. M. Barrie that "Mr. Barrie makesapretty character as amilliner makes a bonnet, by matching materials;he has no eye for human character,only for human qualities," and of an overture to a Barrie play,"Sir A. C. Mackenzie's overture wasdrowned bythe conversationwhich wasenergeticallyledby the composer and SirGeorge Lewis." Of anotherplay hewrote,"Biarritzissure to run triumphantly for several years. What Mr.JeromeX.Jeromewasthink% ing of when he wroteit is hard to explain, buthehaswritten tothepapers promising to explain everything when the worst is over....Two minutesof Biarritz would reconcile aTrappist to his monastery-forlife:" .

Iquote hereunder arather fuller'extractofacriticismbyShaw:"'Ishould, by the way,.4e to know the truth about the greatstage effect at the end of the second act, where Mrs. Patrick Campbell enters with her plain and -

verybecomingdresschangedforahor. Tifying confection apparently made of Japanese bronze•wallpaper and abold pattern of stamped gold. Lest the maker should take an action against me and obtain ruinousdamages, Ihasten to say that the garment was well made,the skirt and train perfectly 'hung,and the bodice,or rather waistband,fitting flowlessly. Bdt, as I ' "know nothing of the fashion in evening dresses,it seemed rather lower in the pectoral region than I expected;, and it was, to my taste,appallingly ugly.... Conceivemy feelingswhen everyoneonthestagewentintoecstasiesofadmiration..,. Agreatdealof the performance is extremely tedious. Thefirsttwentyminutes,withitsintolerable, unnecessary and unintelligible explanations about the relationship of thecharacters,shouldbe ruthlesslycut gut.. The companyneed tobereminded that the Garrick is atheatre in which very distinct utterance is de. sirable.... MissJeffreys, miraculously ill-fitted with her part, was pleasant for the firstfiveminutes,duringwhich she was suggestingaperfectly different sort of person to that which she afterwardsvainlypretended tobecome.The other characters were the merest stock figures, convincing us that Mr:Pinero eithernevermeetsanybodynoworelse that he has lost his power of observation. Many passages in the play, of course, have all the qualities which havegainedMr.Pinerohispositionas dramatist;but Ishall not dwell on them, as to tell the truth,Idisliked theplaysomuchthatnothingcould induceme tosayanythinggood ofit,"

It would be unfair to give the impression that Shaw was always condemnatory. Often he was not. He bad, for instance, agreat admiration for the Mrs.Patrick Campbell referred toabove. "Youwilltellme,nodoubt, that Mrs. Patrick Campbell cannot act. Whosaidshecould? Whowants to act?Who cares twopence whether she possessesthatoranyother second. rateaccomplishment? Onthe highest plane one does not act, one is. Go and see hermove,stand,speak, look, kneel—go andbreathe the magic atmosphere that is created by the grace ofall thosedeeds;andthen talk tome aboutacting,forsooth."

Still the highest praise that can be bestowed onShaw as adramaticcritic is that he succeededin his aimof persuading prodecers that problem plays were suitable dramatic material. The Dosnestle Problems Solved:By Laser& "aNne !lameStoves. AtW.A.Steve Co"Welftgtoa4trest,Parch. NW.

theatre in those days was somewhat divorced from realitiesandreal people,, but as Chesterton observed Shaw.4 brought sptnething of Haymarket Into the Haymarket.

It was as well, however,that Shave gaveup writing dramatic criticism, for afterthathisown powersasadramatistcametofullfruition,andinthefirst decade of the present century plays began toflowfromhispen,andhe,was established.

It wasduring the same period, too, that the famous ShawChesterton corn troversies took place which kept both men before the public eye. It was said at the timethat the two men achieved cheap notoriety by attacking themselves in public, but this watt far from the truth. Itavas in 1908 that the famous debate took place, which hasbeenpublished inbookformunder the title "Do WeAkree?" Beforethe debate,at whichBelloc wasto be present,Shaw wrote to Chesterton, who was seventeen years hisjunior: "The disadvantages for us are that we byth want Belloc to let himself go. Isimply thirst for the blood of his servile State. I'll servile him. We shall all three talk all over the shop,and possibly never reaching the Socialist departmentTand Belloc will not trouble about the rules of public meeting and debate,even if there were any reason to suppose that he is acquainted with them... .Did you see my letter in Tuesday's 'Times'? Magnificent{ My loveto Mrs.Chestertonand my most distinguishedconsiderationstoWimple. to Hell with the Pope."

Belloc,howeverr,refusedto begotat. His opening Imarks were brief: "Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Shaw and Mr. Chestertonareabout to debate you are about to listen,Iam about tosneer."

Shaw had,a great admiration for ChestertonandBelloc. Itwashewho christened them the Chesterbelloc,"a four-footedanimal capableof doing an infiniteamountofharm:'

"I have never met G.K.C.," wrote Lawrence of Arabia toafriend, "but Shaw

always callshim aman of colossal genius.' Shaw, too, once said of Belloc that he was wasting-prodigious giftsintheserviceofthePope,andhe describedChesterton'sbiography of him as"thebestbookonShawIhave yet provoked."

In 'Maisie Ward's biography of G.K.C.wefind lettersinwhich Shaw is urging Chesterton to write plays: "I shall deliberately destroy your credit as an essayist,as ajournalist, as a critic,as aLiberal,aseverything that offersyoulazinessandrefugeuntilstar• vation andshame driveyou to serious dramatic parturition. I shall repeat my public challenge to• you; vaunt To superiority;insult your cor• pulence;torture Belloc;if necessary, callon you and steal your wife'saffec• tion by intellectual and athletic dis• plays until-you contribute something to the British drama.... Lord help youif youeverloseyourgiftofspeech, G.K.C. Don't forget that the race is only struggling out of its dumbrrets, and-it is only in moments of inspira. tion that we get out asentence. All the rest is padding—Yours ever, G, Bernard Shaw."

Ultimately, Chesterton yielded and wrote "Njagic;" his first and only ex• cursion into the field of drama. He apparently sold it cheaply, because .Shaw wrote'to Mrs.Chesterton telling her to get adivorce,or alternatively that the next time herhusband wrote aplaywhichshouldadequatelyprovide for their old age,to lock him up, and tobringtheplay tohim to sell.

Of Shaw as awriter and asocial reformer,Ido not wish to speak here. Two of his plays, atleast,"Major Barbara"and ::Pygmalion," are probably well known to readers per medium of the film's. The filming ofathird was commenced some time ago.

CATHOLICTEACHERS'GUILD

The next meetingofthe Guild takes place at 10,30a.m.onSaturday, March 10, in the Guild Room at Bacton House. Will members please note the alteration of the time of the monthly Saturday meeting?It is proposed this year to have an annual general CommuniononNewmanSunday.

At the last meeting,Rev. Father Murphy, Guild Chaplain, delivered a eery interesting and highly instructive addresson "TheCatholicTeacher."

By "LAURI."

"Ibemainendofeinestionistotaaoh peopletothink."—Lord'Cromer. Thisweek our news is all for the schools and Catholic Movements—ever watchful of literature which will help teacher student and Catholic Actionist. Firstsupplies have cometohand ofthe following books:

"Some Catholic Principles for Present Day Needs." ery Rev. F. T. Walsh,M.A., C.W. SSR. (Catholic Evidence Lectures). 1/3.

"Christ the Divine Liberator of Woman." 2/0.

"A Handbook of True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin (The de Montfort Way). -4/-.

"God's Heroes,_"Studies of Bible and Church History (specially prepared Schools and Colleges). By Abbot Pendleton. 1/-.

"The Story -

of the Church." For intermediate classes. By D. G. Purton, M.A. Illustrated. 1/3.

"Illustrated Bible History of the Old and New Testaments. By Rev. IgnatiusSchuster,D.D. 3/.. Thelast three mentioned books are writteninamost interestingstyle.The absence of "dryness" makes them as easy to read and'understand as any ofthewellknown taleswhichchildren revel in.... It's adelightful way to learn the important business of knowing one'sfaith and the History of the Church.

Also: -

"CATHOLIC FAITH EXPLAINED" (infour books for teachers). Various prices, 4/0 to 10/0. And in the same series, "CATHOLIC FAITH CATECHISM." For PrimaryGrades. 1/3. (Based on Cardinal Gaspard's"CA. THOLIC CATECHISM;" which has beenapprovedby theHolySeeforuniversal use.)

"THE CATHOLIC EVIDENCE GUILD"in SecondarySchools." By Sr, M. Anselm,O.P., M.A., Dip.Ed. 1/3.

"CATHOLICINSTRUCTIONCARDS?

By Rev.Dr. Rumble,'MSC., ambracing 25 subjects. Admirable for converts. 2/6.

'The Little Office,oftheImmaculate Conception;' combined with the Pray; ers and services at meetings of the ChildrenofMary. Booklets2d.cub.

"The Little Ofifce of the Holy An, -s gels." ad.each.

Next weekare will.give you details , of the excellent line-up of books n Gently received from Burns,Oatesfor our Library.

A London shipment of Children's hooks hap just arrived:Story Books, Prize Books,Birthday Gift BQokal11 We will find space to tell you about these..,.. NEXT WEEK.

Petitions for"Definition" of Our Lady'sAssumption_

ThreevolumespresentedtotheHoly, Father contain 3,019 petitions for the solemn definition of the-corporeal easumption of Our Lady into Heaven, which wereaddressed'to the HolySee between 1309 and 1941 by the Episcopate and various ecclesiastical bodies.Vatican Radio stated that 1,835 Pa* k. triarch% Archbishops and Bishopsgoverning erning 820 residentotl'xees are among the petitioners-70percent.ofall din cesan sees, 1,019Peittloa•.

•:

This,remarked the announcer is an., imposing "Credo'--"Ibelieve in the Assumption of Our Lady"—but these are only afraction of.the total mm-ber addressed to the Holy Sae by groupsand individuals.

Last century," the announcer a" "saw the proclamationof theImmeenlate Oonception. May ;we we not hope that this century will we this other ,crownofgloryonOur Ladp'abead?"

Since the time of pope Leo X= all petitionssenttothe HolySeehave been preserved In the archives of the Holy Office, - .

HIGHGATE HILL

Higbgate parishioners will have the privilegeofwitnessinganotherfineconcert again this year to celebrate the Feast of.St. Patrick. The concert, which will take place on Friday, March 16, will include the following artists:

The C,B.H.S. Boys' Choir; C.G.M. llarrnonists; members of the "Top Hat" Entertainers (including Professor O'Keefe, magician): "The Gouches Boys," JifnmyIsaiaand Jimmy Yozzi; The Cooper Sisters, Betty and Pam, with Shirley Love in Irish dancing,ac• companied by Mr. Sutherland on the pipes; Edward McCauley, crooner; Shirley Ryan, soprano and Dolly Ashton; also Yvonne Carrier, the Singing Cowgirl: Joan Curtin, xylophone; Nit. John Murphy, pianoforte selections; Mr. S. Bungart, Mr. Dunn, Mr,George Lewis, Miss Marjorie Hastie, MissJoan Hamilton, Marjorie McPhail, Laurie Finnegan, Mrs. J. B. Carmody, Mrs. Queally, Noreen and Loraine Watts, and Michael Eustace.

Extra seating accommodation has been provided for, so no one will be disappointed this year,and there are no reserves. The concert will be or. ganised by Mrs. Slattery, comperedby Fred Moore ,and the accompaniste (will be Miss Eileen Lyres,'

The raffle of the giant Easter egg, child'srocker, and other toys will be drawn during the interval. •They are nowon show'atMiss Flo.Gepp'sshop in Piccadilly Arcade. i nnnuun;nnunnuuaumuunnnannaunnmunmun••un

Racing Selections

By "THE HAWK."

W111.T,C.

Saturday,March 10, 1946.

Before Acceptances.

March Handicap: Sorcery, 1: Dainty Lace, 2; Trecratic,3.

Claremont Handicap:Nullabung, 1; Dear Brutus, 2; Beaufine, 3. Wembley Handicay (2): Faustus, 1; Proctralle,2; China Town, 3. Wembley Handicap (1): Silver,Rice, 1; Euro, 2; Rosana, 3,

Dardanup Handicap: Monk's Gem, 1: Casablanca,2; Camelette, 3. Denman Handicap:Mion,1; Cher. burg, 2; Hurlingham, 3. Floreat Park Handicap: Bobby Breen,1; Lord Treat, 2; Liberation, 3.

BEDROOM SUITES .. .

CATHOLIC TENNIS ASSOCIATION

By "L"

During the last fortnight clubs have been requested to notify the executive details of playing members, with a view to reviving the annual Shield matches.

With theinformation received,itwas decided to conduct amixed competition,teams of 3men and 3 women, which will be graded into A and B. Play-will be on Sundays at 1.30 p.m., at 23 weekly intervals. Matchestwillconsist of 18sets,made up of men's. women's and mixed doubles. It is anticipated that entries will be received from at least six clubs.

:(latches from both Aand Bgrades will commenceon Sunday. April22.

The following conditions will apply:

Clubs participating will be required to affiliate-fee£1ls-and an addi. tional fee of 2/6 for each team will be charged, Capitation fee per member willbefixedattheannualgeneralmeet. ing.

Club secretaries are advised'that entrieswill closeonApril 9, 1945.

The annual meeting of the Associa• tion will be held in Bacton House on Friday night,23rd.inst., at 7,45 P.M. At the conclusion of the meting sup per will be served by the lady members.

Club secretaries are,further advised that nominations for president, two vice-presidents,secretary and trea• surer will be received up to and in. cluding the 16th. inst. at. Kevin'sClub.

Avery successfulmeeting was held on February 20,and approximately 35 members attended. The main points arising from the meeting were as follows: (a) Proposed top-dressing of courts; (b) Mr, Roger Ryan,senr.,ex• pressing his willingness to coach all newmembers.

Election of office-bearers resulted as follows: President, Mr. J. Wall; vice. president,Miss Margaret Hegney; secretary, Mr. Les Peirce;treasurer, Miss Cassie Flynn:assist,secretary, Mr. J. Maschmedt. St,Joaehhn'sClub.

Arrangements are in hand for the annualmeetingof the club,when the opening date for the season will be fixed. Itis-hoped to holdthe tourna• ment somewhat earlier this year, pos. sibly May.

f35 5s. Od.; .. .. .. £39 17s. 6d. £41 10s. Od•; .. .. .. £47 3s. 6d. Comprising Twin Robes, Dressing Table, 4ft• 6in. Bedstead.

CURTAIN MATERIALS.

Zimpel'shave avery nicerange of curtainmaterials. Casement,36in. (3 coupons), 3/5 per yard; Cretonne, 36in.(3coupons). 5/11 per yard, and Heavy Weave, in red, rustand green, 54in. Ino coupons), 14/3 per yard. These materials can bemade into curtains of your own design at alittle extra cost.

BEDDING.

You will sleep better-on aZimpel Sleep Mattress, made with best tickingsandfilledwithwool. They sell, 4ft. Gin.,17/17/6; 3ft.,£5/4/6; 2ft, Gin., 44/5/9, and are available on Zimpel'sfamous Easy Payment Plan on asmall deposit and instalments to suit.

IVOOL A LOVELY RANGE SATIN TAFFETA AND CRETONNE QUILTS. COVERED.

SHEEPSKIN RUGS.

FELT RUGS, FRINGED,

3x2, 12/ Each.

FROM 81/10.

Catholic Girls' Movement

Headquarters and Club Roasne: Bank of N.S.W. Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7.10, First Floor. TELEPHONE: B4836.

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES.

MONDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. to 6.30 p.m.

.Liturgy:8p.m.

TUESDAY: Physical Culture: 7.8 p.m. Orchestra: 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m, to 6.30 p.m.

Dressmaking: 7p.m.

Arts and Crafts: 8p.m. Red Cross,J.S.C.: 8p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS: 8a.m.

EXPOSITION all day.

BENEDICTION: 5.15p.m.

Choir: 8p.m.

RRIDAY: Softball pracise: 5.15 p.m., on the Esplanade.

SATURDAY:

Kalamunda Busy Bee: 1.15bus.

Tennis at Robertson Park: 2p.m.

SUNDAY: Tenisat RobertsonPark: 2p.m.

22/6 Each. B8177. •

WOOL BLANKETS, DOUBLE.

FELT CUSHIONS.

No Coupons. 59/- Pair. ZI EL'S Hay Street, Perth

GANITEN.

We are still in needof helpers at Canteen,particularly during the lunch and tea hours. Take-anote of the undermentioneddates,comealongwith yourapronand with the feeling that, besides having alot of fun, you are doing your bit to help the boys.

Y.A.L.-L.B.A.: Saturday, March 24; Wednesday,April 18.

C.G.M.: Thursday, March 15.

KALAMUNDABUSY BEE.

Has.thaturge of yours to paint and hammerandmessaboutinthegarden, etc„everbeenfrustratedbywell-meaning folks who think you are just not the type for it: If so, catch the 1.30 bus to Kaiamur1a, ,

is;vcibhpool,any Saturday att;p.ocu, and u•ou'll end up aJill of all trade+s, with dic added satisfactionofabeauttan,and many new newfriendsamongyourfellow workers at"MarianLodge."

ARTS ANDCRAFTS.

Ifyoushouldliketocome up to the Rooms any Wednesday evening at 8 p.m., you will find many busy fingers making all sorts of knic-knacs. Our aim is for effect but not anything too complicated to begin with. Soon to be very popularareourshopping bags, and justwaittill you see them. The papier mache work is also progressing in leaps an-1bounds.

LITERARY GROUP.'

The Marian Arts Guild is soon to sponsor anew activity-the LITERARY GROUP-which will be of interest toouroldermembers who are keen readers. We hope to be able to'give them good books to read and present to them some of our Catholic authors. The books will be passed around and many an interesting evening will be spent in discussing the various writers and their works. Adefinite date for the commencementofthis activityhas not yet been fixed but when it has been decideduponanotificationwillbe published in this column.

CHOIR

Perhaps you are fond of music, bu., like most of us, you can't play any instrument very well, and the only time you everuse your voice is in thebathroom. Now, if you can keep in tune in the bath and your -oice isn't too bad, with alittle moulding, you would be agreat help in the choir. New members are always welcome, for we are constantly striving to increase our numbers with aview t-

imaking abig. Eer and betterchoir. Thursday isthe night and 8o'clock the time, and if you are musically inclined choir is definitely the activity you should be in.

MARIANART'SGUILD.

Members of the Marian Arts Guild are asked to keep in mind Friday, April 13,on which is to be held our first programme for the year. We hope to make this avery enjoyable evening foryou,especially as it is our opening night.Programmes have been arranged for the whole year, and we (Continuedfootofnextcolumn.)

+ DEATHS , ►Ii

CARROLL.-Of your charity,prayfor thehappyreposeofthesoulofPeter, who departed this life at 109 Edinboro-street,.Mt. Hawthorn, on Feb ruary 14, 1945,loved husband of the •late RosannaCarroll,andfond father of Henry (deceased), James, Mary (Mrs.C.L.Hastie), Rose(Mrs.T. R. Sawle), Kathleen and Eileen (Sister M.Immaculate,FoundlingHome,Su. biaco). R.I.P.

+ IN MEMORIAM ►j.

On Service.

FRASER, John McDonald (late Commercial Bank).-In loving memory of adevoted husband and -father, who died on V.D.C. duty March 11, 1944.

May hissoul rest in peace, -Inserted by his famiy, 8 Juddstreet, South Perth.

BOGUE.-In loving memory of our dear father, Frederick Aloysius, who departed thislife on February 25, 1939, Most Sacred Heat of Jesus, have mercy on hissoul.

IIODGSON.-In lovingmemoryofour dearwife and mother,Johanna Mar. garet,who passed suddenly away, March 3, 1943.

Onhersoul,SweetJesus,havemercy. Ever remembered by her sorrowing husband, sons and daughter,son-inlaw,daughter-in-lawandgrandchildren.

HOLBERRY.-In 'sad and loving memoryofourdearwifeandmother Mary Ann Holberry, who passed awayonMarch9,1943.•

Sacred Heart of Jesus,have mercy onher soul.

Ever,rememberedby herloving husband and girls.

ROWE.-Ofyour charity, prayfor the happy repose of the,soul of Annie Rowe,of100Hare-street,Kalgoorlie, who departed this life on March 10, 1944., Alsoforthereposeofthesold of James Ladner Rowe,whose anniversaryoccursonApril26.

Eternal rest grant unto them, O Lord, and may perpetual light shine upon them.

WANTED.

r w r

Wantedbytwowomen small House , orFlat. ApplyS.A.G.,thisoffice.

Refined younglady„ s

ingood Government position,requires mall furnished or partly furnished flat,,or would e share with another lady; own linen. etc.; references supplied; urgent. Apply Y.L., thisoffice.

feelsure that you will enjoy them all. We are making this evening open to all members of the Movement, so if any of your friends are not members of the Guild,there is no objection to your bringing them along with you to McNess Hall at 8o'clock on Friday, y April 13.

DRESSMAKING.

As the next course will be starting in afew weeks, names of girls who wouldlike totakethenextcoursemay behandedinto theoffice.

TENNIS.

You will always find a crowd of C.G.M.membersoncourts7and8from 2o'clock onwards every Saturday and + Sunday afternoons, at Robertson ParkCatchaNo.22 tramandalightatthe cornerofBulwerand•Fitzgerald-streets, and aground fee of Is. per head will be taken up.

SOFTBALL PRACTICES.

These are still held ?very Friday evening at 5.15 onwards at the back of Christian Brothers'College, on the Esplanade.

OOUNCILMETING.

Will all leaders please keep in mind that Friday evening,March 23, at 8 p.m., in the C.G.M. Rooms, has been fixed for the next council meeting,

RIVER TRIP. '

Our next river trip isbeing held on Thursday evening, March 22, on the as. Perth. Tickets are limited to400, and the decks are being cleared for dancing. An orchestra has been engaged and refreshments vnU be available. Tickets,2s. each,at theC.G]4. Rooms. .

oHIGHGATE HILL

Pjghgate.jlrishioners will have the privilegeofwitnessinganotherfineconcert again this-year to celebrate the Feast'of,St. Patrick. The concert, which will,take place on Friday, March 16,will include the following artists:

The C.B.H.S. Boys'Choir;C.G.M. Ifarmonists;members of the"Top Hat" Entertainers (including Professor O'Keefe,magician); "The Gouches Boys,"JitnmyIsaiaandJimmyYozsi; The Cooper Sisters,Betty and Pam, with Shirley Love in Irishdancing, accompanied by Mr.-Sutherland on the pipes; Edward McCauley,crooner; Shirley Ryan,soprano and Dolly Ashton; also Yvonne Carrier, the Singing Cowgirl;Joan Curtin,xylophone; Mr. John Murphy,pianoforte selections; r. S. Bungart,Mr. Dunn,Mr.George Lewis,Miss'MarjorieHastie,MissJoan Hamilton,Marjorie McPhail,Laurie Finnegan,Mrs. J.B. Carmody, Mrs. Queally,Noreen and Loraine -Watts, and Michael Ettstace.

Extra seating accommodation has been provided for, so no one will be disappointed this year ;

and there are iio reserves. The concert will be organised by Mrs. Slattery,compered by Fred Moore ,and the accompaniste pill ' be Miss Eileen Lynes,'.

The raffle of the giant Easter egg, child's rocker, and other toys will be drawnduring the interval.sThey-are nowon show'atMiss Flo.Gepp'sshop in Piccadilly Arcade.. i rNxnnuaaonnnununnuanennuunnnnunnnnnnnnnu

Racing Selections

By "THE, HAWK"

W*TJ0.

Saturday,-Uuvh 10, 1946.

Before Acceptances.

:March Handicap:Sorcery, ];.Dainty Lace, 2;Trecratic,3.

Claremont Handicap:Nullabung, 1: Dear Brutus,2: Beaufine, 3.

Wembley Handicay'(2): Faustus, 1; Proctralle,2 China Town, S. Wembley Handicap (1): Silver,Rice, 1: Euro, 2:Rosana,3, Dardanup Handicap:Monk's Gem, l: Casablanca,2; Camelette, 3.. -Denman Handicap:Mion,1: Cherburg,2; Hurlingbam, 3. Floreat Park Handicap: Bobby Breen,1; Lord Treat,2; Liberation, 3.

BEDROOM SUITES ...

"1

T9Z!

R9C01ID

,Q&THOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

By "L."

During thelast fortnight clubs have been requested to notify the executive details of playing'members, with a view to reviving the annual Shield. matches,

Withtheinformationreceived,itwas decided to conduct amixed competition, teamsof 3men and 3 women, which will be graded into A and B. Play-will be on Sundays at 1.30 p.m., at 2.3 weekly intervals. Matchestwillconsistof 18sets,madeup of men's,women's and mixed doubles. It is anticipated that entries will be re* ceived from at least six clubs.

Matchesfrom both Aand Bgrades will commenceon Sunday.April22.

Thefollowing conditions willapply:

Clubs participating will"be required to affiliate-fee£1ls-and an addi. tional-fee of2/6for each team will be charged. Capitation fee per member willbefixedattheannualkeneralmeet. ing.

Club secretaries are advised'thaten• trieswillcloseonApril 9, 1945.

The annual meeting of the Associa• tion willbe held in-Becton House on Friday night,23rd.inst., at 7.45 p.m. At the conclusion of the meting sup• per will be'served by the lady members.

Club secretaries are,further advised that nominations for president, two vice-presidents,secretary and treasurer *111 be received up to and in. cluding the 18th. inst, at. soda'sOlub.

'A verysuccedsful meeting was held on February20,and approximately 35 members attended. The main points arising from the meeting were as follows: (a) Proposed top-dressing of courts;(b) Mr, Roger Ryan,seirr.,expressing hiswillingness to coach All newmembers.

Election of office-bearers resulted as follows:'President, Mr. J. Wall; vicepresident Miss Margaret Hegney; secretary,Mr,Les Peirce:treasurer, Miss CassieFlynn:assist,secretary,lit. J• Maschmedt.St. JosehWoClub.

Arrangements are in hand for the annualmeetingof the club,when the opening date forthe season will be fixed. Itis-hoped to holdthetournament somewhat earlier this year, pos. sibly May.

£35 5s. Od. ; .. .. .. £39 17s. 6d. £41 10s. Od•; .. .. .. £47 3s. 6d. Comprising Twin Robes,Dressing Table,4ft• 6in.Bedstead.

CURTAIN MATERIALS.

Zimpel'shave averynicerange of curtainmaterials. Casement,36in. (3 coupons), 3/5 per yard; Cretonne,36in.(3coupons). 5/11 per yard,and Heavy Weave,in ref(, rustandgreen,51in.(nocoupons), 14/3 per yard. These materials can bemade into curtains of your own design atalittleextra cost.

BEDDING.

You will sleep better-on aZimpel Sleep Mattress,made with best tickingsandfilledwithwool. They sell, 4ft. fin.,(7/17/8; 3ft., J5/4/6; 2ft, Bin., 14/5/9,and are available on Zimpel'sfamous Easy Payment Plan on asmall deposit and instalmentsto suit.

WOOL A LOVELY RANGE SATIN TAFFETA AND CRETONNE QUILTS. COVERED.

FROM 81/10.

Catholic Girls'Movement

Reo4quarters and-010 Rooms: Bank of N.S.W. Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7.10, First Floor. TELEPHONE:B4836.

• OALENDAROF AOTMVITNES.

MONDAY:

Shorthand:5.15 p.m.to 8.30 p.m. .Liturgy:8p.m.

TUESDAY: Physical Culture:7.8 p.m. Orchestra:8p.m.

WEDNESDAY: Shorthand: 5.15p.m. to 6.30 Dressmaking: 7pm. Arts and Crafts: 8p.m. Red Cross, E.S.C.: 8p.m.

p.m.

THURSDAY:MASS: 8am. EXPOSITION all day. BENEDICTION:5.15p.m. Choir: 8p.m.

RRIDAY: Softball piacise:5.15 p.m., on the Esplanade.

SATURDAY: KalamundaBusy Bee: 1.15bus. Tennis at Robertson Park: 2p.m.

SUNDAY: Tenisat RobertsonPark: 2p.m.

•

YA.L.-L.B.A.: Saturday,March 24; Wednesday,April 18.

C.G.M.: Thursday, Match 15.

EAZAKUNDABUSY (BEE.

Has.thaturgeof yours to paint and hammerandmessaboutinthegarden, etc„everbeenfrustratedbyswell-meaning folks who think you are just not the

type for it: If so, catch the 1.59 bus to Kalamur-1s,is'vclbbpool,any Saturday aft;;,.ocu, and t•ou11 endup aJill of all tracks,+vith tLr.added satisfactionofa,beauttan,andmanynew newfriendsamongyourfellowworkers at"MarianLodge!

ARTS ANDORAFTL

Ityoushouldliketocomeuptothe Rooms any Wednesday evening at 8 p.m., you will find many busy fingers making all sorts of kniaknacs. Our aim fs for effect but not anything too complicated to begin with. Soon to beverypopularareourshoppingbags, and justwaittill you see them. The papier macho,work is also progressing in leaps andbounds.

LITERARYGROUP.

The Marian Arts Guild is soon, to sponsor anew activity-the LITERARY GROUP--whlchwill be of inter. esttoouroldermemberswhoarekeen readers. Wehope to be able to•give them good books to read and present to them some ofour Catholic authors. The books will be passed around and many an interesting evening will be spent in discussing the various writers and their works. Adefinite date for the commencementofthisactivityhas not yet been fixed but when it has beendecideduponanotificationwillbe published in this column,

CROIR

Perhaps you are fond of music, but, like most ofus, you can'tplay any in. strument very well, and the only time youeveruse your voice is in thebath. room. Now; if you can keepin tune in the bath and your ,

.4 " ' ki weataastp,

• t, to -

Io

p

.1 whin

44

CARROLL.-Ofyourcharity,prayfor the,happyreposeofthesoy.

ofPeter, who departed this life at 109 Ed1w bero-street,'Mt. Hawthorn, on Feb ruary 14,1945,lovedhusband of the late RosannaCarroll andfondfather of Henry (dece&60,James, Mary (Mrs.C.L.Hastie),Rose (Mrs.T.R. Sawle), Kathleen and Eileen (Sister M.Immaculate,Foundling.Home,Su._ biaco). R.I.P.

•

41 IN MEMORIAM ►•. •, <OnAerviea.

FRASER,John McDonald (late Commercial Bank).-In loving memory of adevoted husband and lather, who died on V.D.C. duty March 11, .1944. May hissoul restinpeace, -Inserted by his fairly,8 Juddstreet,South Perth.'

BOGUE-In loving memory of our dear father,Frederick Aloysius, who departed thislife on February'25, 1939. Most Sacred Heat of Jesus,- have -mercy onhissoul.

HODGSON:Inlovingmemoryofour dear wife and mother, Johanna Margaret,who passed suddenly away, March .S, 1943.

Onhersoul,SweetJesus,havemercy. Ever remembered-by her sorrowing husband,sons and daughter,son-inlaw,daughter-in-lawandgrandchildren.

HOLI§ERRY.-In 'sad and loving memoryofourdearwifeandmo p

e d Mary Ann Holberry, who awayonMarch9,1948!

Sacred Heart ofJesus,have mercy on her eon(.

Evei.rememberedby her loving hus• band and glrla.

ROWS.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthe happy repose of the,soul of Annie Rowe,of100Haresstreet, Kalgoorlie, who departed this life on March I$ 1944.., AWforthereposeofthesoul of James Ladner Rowe,whose anniversaryoccursonApril26.

Eternal rest grant unto them, 0 Lord, and may perpettial Vgbt shine upon them.

WANTED.

Wantedbytwowomen,small House orFlat. ApplyS.A.G., thisoffice.

Refined younglady„inFood Government position,requires small furnished or partly furnished flat, or would share-with another lady:own linen. etb.; references supplied; urgent. ApplyY.L., thidoffice.

s D 10 IN

DREl1S1NAENNO.

As the next course will be starting in afew weeks, names of girls who wouldliketotakethenextboursemay behanded-intotheoffice. -

TENNIS.

You will always find a crowd of C.G.M.membersoncourts7and8from 2o'clock onwardsevery Saturday and ; Sunday afternoons at Robertson Park.

CatchaNo.22tramandalightatthe cornerofBulwerand-Fitzgerald-streets, andaground fee of Is.per head will be taken up.

SHEEPSKIN RUGS.

FELT RUGS, FRINGED,

WOOL BLANKETS, DOUBLE.

FELT CUSHIONS.

No Coupons. 59/- Pair. . Hay Street, Perth 4-

oice isn't too bad, with alittle moulding,you would be agreat help in the choir. New members are always welcome, for we arc constantly striving to increase our numbers withaview t-) makingabi;ger andbetterchoir. Thursday isthe night and 8o'clock-

22/8 Each.

ZIMPEU.S

the time, and if you

are musically inclined choir is de• finitely the activity you should be in.

MARIANARTSO11=-

Members of the Marian Arts Guild are asked to keep in mind Friday, April 18,on which is to be held our first programme for the year. We hope to make this avery enjoyable evening foryon,especially asit is our openingnight. Programmes have been arranged for the whole year, and we (Continuedfootofnextcolumn.)

60FTBALL PRACTD R&

These are still held ,

livery Friday evening at 5.15 onwards at the back of Christian Brotbers'College, on the Esplanade.

OOUNCII.1111{ETIIM.

Will all leaders please keep in mind that Friday evening,March 23, at 8 p.m., in the C.G.M. Rooms,has been fixed for the next council meeting. awn Tw.

Our nextrivertripisbeing heldon Thursday evening, Mamb22, on the .% Perth. Tickets are limitedto4110, and the decksare being cleared for dancing An orcbatra has been on-gaged and refreshments will be Available. Ticks*2a. each, attheCA]f. Rooms.

•HIGHGATE HILL

Ilighgate parishioners will have the prlvde.;uof witnessing another tineconcert again this year sal celebrate tale Fenet of St Patrick fhv cunrcrt, which will take plate uu

Friday Alanh 16, will include tilt:fullowatg, artists; The C,B]Lb. Buyl, Lhuir, C.G.-NI ,

ILW monists; members of the"Top flat" Eolertamers (including Professor O'Kccfe, magician(: "The Gouches has," Jintmy Isaiaand Jimmy Yozzi; 'fat•(.latper Sisters, Betty and Pam, with Shirlev(love in Irish daneing, ac• u(nnpanied by \lr. Suthcrkun,l on the pilvs, Edward MrCaulv'. crooner, Shirley Ityan, soprano and Dully Ash• tun; also Yvonne Carrier, the Singing Cowgirl; Jnan Curtin, xylophone: Mr. lohn Murphy, pianoforte selections; 'll S. liungnrt, Mr. Dunn, Mr. George Lewis, Miss\larjoic Ilastic, MissJoan Ilamilton,\larjuric Melhail, Laurie Finnegan, Mrs. J 1 1

.Carmody, \list Queally, Noreen and Loraine Wlitts, and Michaci l;nslace.

Extra renting accommodation has bceu provided for, so Its

(tile will be disappointed this year, nod there are nu reserves. The concert will be or. ganised by \Its. Slattery, compered It), Fred Moore and the nccompnnistc %will Ile lfias Eileen Lynes, The raffle of the giant Easter egg, child's rocker, and other toys will be drawn during the interval. They are now on show at\liss 1'In. Geppsshop in I'it-ra4ilb• Arvnde.

11 111111.4 Ill I'll"I I ,

Racing Selections

iiv"THE IIAWK" WIA.T.C,

Saturday, March 10, 1946.

Before Acceptances.

\larch liandicap- Sorcery, I: Daintv (.are. 2; Trecratic, 3. Claremont Handicap: Nullabung, 1: Dear Brutus, 2: Beaufane, 3. Wembleyilandicay(2): Fa ll

stus, 1: Proctralle, 2: China Town, 3. Wembley Ilanrlicap it): Silver Rice, 1Horn. 2; Rosana,3, Dardanup ilandicap: Monk's Gem, 1, Casablanca, 2: Camelette, 3. Dennt:ut Handicap: Mion, 1; Cher. burg, 2, Ilurlingham, 3. irloreat Park ilandicap: Bobby Breen, I; Lord Treat,2: Liberation, 3.

BEDROOM SUITES .. .

CATHOLIC TENNIS ASSOCIATION

By "L„

Ihtrntg the lust fortnight clubs have ILcen rolov ,

tc(I tonotify the executive details of

playing tucnlbers, with a %ickv to rcwit'ing the tuuntal Shield matches. With theinformation received,itwas decided to cuuduct amixed competi. tion• teams of 3men And 3 women, which will he graded into A and It, Play will be on Sundays at 1.30 1)to" at 23 weekly intervals. MatI

cls willconsistof is sets, made up of 11011

wonlell and mixed doubles. It is unticipatccl that entries will be re• ceawed from at least six clubs.

.%etches Crum both;\ and li grades will romnlcnce on Sunday. April 22

The following conditions will Apply:

Clubs plrrticipnting will be required to rtfliliate-fee fl 18-and an Add" tianal fee of 2/6 for each team will he chnrgel, Capitation fee per member willbefixedattheannealgeneralmeet Ing.

Club secretaries are advised -

that Cutries willclose nilApril 9, 1045.

The annual meeting of the Associa• tion will be held in Barton Ilouse on Friday night, 23rd. inst., at 7.45p.m. At the conclusion of the mellting sap per will be served by the lady members.

Club secretaries are further advised that nominations for president, two vice-presidents, secretary and trea. surer will he received up to and including the 16th, inst. at, Kevin's Club.

Avery successful meeting was held on Fehruary 20,and approximately 35 members attended. The main points arising from the meeting were as follows: (a) Proposed top-dressing of courts;(b) Mr, Roger Ryan, senr., expressing his willingness to coach all new members.

Elertion of office-bearers resulted as follows: President, Mr. J. Wall; vicepresident Miss Margaret Hegney; sea retary, Mr. Les Peirce; treasurer, Miss Cassie Flvnn: assist, secretary, Mr. J. \laschmedt. at. Joschim's Club,

Arrangements are in hand for the annualmeetingof the club, when the opening date for the season will be fixe(1. It is hoped to holdthe tourna. ment somewhat earlier this year, possibly May.

£35 5s. Od,; .. . , .. £39 17s, 6d. £41 10s. Old ,

;..,...£47 3s. 6d. ('ulilpri,ilig Twin Rubes, Dressing'1'a1Llc, Oft.(fin, bedstead.

(CRTAIN MATE?RIALS, /.inipel's have :c

very nice range(it curtain materials. Casement,36in. CI eottpunsi, 3/5 per yard; Cre. tonne, Mill 13 couponsi, 5/11 per vard, and Ileavy Weave, in red, rust and green,,olin Inn eolgn,us', 14/3 per yard 'these materials can bo mode into curtains of your own design lit it

little extra rust.

BLDDING.

You will sleep better on aZimpel Sleep Mattress, made with best tic•kingsandfilled with woof They sell, Oft.(iin.,£7/17/6; 3ft.,(5/4/6; lit, 6in., it/5/0, and are available on'/,impel's famous iasy Payment Ilan on i t

small deposit and instnlments to suit,

A LOVELY RANGE SATIN

\\( `hAFF1:TA ANI) CRI. 'ONN111

. Q1AIA'S• CoVF,I:E ).

SHEEPSKIN RUGS

33/6 Each

FELT Itl7Gti, IntlNGIiD, :1 x2, 12/ Each,

\V00L BLANKETS, DOUBLE. No Cutllwnr. 59/.. Pair,

Catholic Girls'Movement

Headquarters and Club Rooms: liank of.N.S,W, Chambers, 65 tit. George's 'terrace (near Sherwood Courtl, Rooms 7.10, First Floor.

TELEPHONE: 114830.

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES.

\IONDAY:

Shorthand 515 p.m. to(1.30 p.m.

.Liturgy:Sp.m.

'IUi:SI>Al': Physical Culture: 7-8 p.m. Orchestra: 8p.m.

WE,DNI:SDAY: Shorthand: 5,15 p.m. to 0.30 p.m.

Drexsmaking: 7p.m.

Arts and Crafts: 8pin. Red Cross,J:.S.C.: 8p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS: 8a.m.

1:\POSITION all day.

I1I;NEDICTION: 5.15 p.m.

Choir: 8p.m.

RRIDAY: Softball pracise: 5.15 plan., on the Esplanade.

SATURDAY: Kalamunda Busy lice: 1.15 bus. Tennis at Robertson Park: 2p.m.

SUNDAY: Tenisat RobertsonPark: 2pm.

OANTTEN.

,

We are still in neect of helpers at Canteen, particularly during the lunch and tea hours. Taken note of the undermentioneddates,come along with your apron and with the feeling that, besides having alot of fun, you are doing your bit to help the boys.

Y.A.L-L.B.A.: Saturday, March 24; Wednesday, April 1S.

C.G.M.: Thursday, March 15.

KALAMUNDA BUSY BEE.

Has thaturge of yours to paint and hammerand messaboutin thegarden, etc„ever been frustratacf by well-mean. ing folks who think you are just not the type for it: if so, atch the 1.30 bus to Kaiamu:ta,•to.Iclhhpool, any Saturday aft:a,oca,, and iou'lt end up aJill of all trad:•s, virh LbL

added satisfactionofabeauttan, and many new new friendsamongyour fellowworkers at"MarianLodge."

ARTS AND CRAFTS.

Ifyoushould liketocome up to the Rooms any Wednesday evening at 8 p.m., you will find many busy fingers making all sorts of knic-knacs. Our aim is for effect but not anything too complicated to begin with. Soon to be very popular areourchopping bags, and just wait till you see them. The papier mache work is also progressing It

,leaps amt Lounds,

LITERARY GROUP.

+ DEATHS +

CARROLL.-Of yourcharity,pray for thehappy reposeofthesoulofPeter, who departed this life at 109 Ellin. born-street, Mt. Hawthorn, on Feb• ruary 14, 1945, loved husband of the late RosannaCarroll,andfond father of Ilenry (deceased), James, Mary (lairs.C. L.Ilastic),Rose (\Irs.T. R. Sawle), Kathleen and Eileen(Sister \1.Immaculate, Foundling Home,Subiaco). R.I.P.

+ IN MEMORIAM ►P

On Service.

FROM 81/10,

FELT CUSHIONS.

22/0 Each,

The Marian Arts Guild is soon to sponsor anew activity-the LITERARY GROUP--which will be of inter. est toourolder members whoare keen readers. We hope to be able to'give them good Isooks to read and present to them some of our Catholic authors. The books will be passed around and many an interesting evening will lie spent in discussing Utc various writers and their works. Adefinite(late for the commencementof this activity has not yet been fixed but when it has beendecider) uponanotificationwillhe published in this column,

CHOIR

I'ctllaps you are foul of music, hill, like most of us, You can't play any in• struunent very well, and the only' time youever use your voice is in the bathroom. Now, if you call keep in tone in the Nish and your „

oi(v isn't too had, with nlittle moulding, you would be agreat help in the choir. New numbers are always welcome, for we are constantly striving to increase our numbers with aview t-) making abigger and better choir Thursday isthe night and 8o'clock tl)e time, and it you are musically inclined choir is dc. finitely the activity you should be in.

MARIANARTS GUILD,

FRASER, John McDonald (late Commercial 11ank).-In loving memory of adevoted husband and father, who died on V.11C, fluty\larch 11, 1944. May his soul rest in peace, -Inserted by his famiy, 8 street, South Perth,

Judd-

130GUE.-In loving memory of our dear father, Frederick Aloysius, who departed thislife on February 25, 1939, Most Sacred Ilent of Jesus, have mercy on his soul.

IiODGSON.-In loving memory ofour dearwife and mother, Johanna Margaret, who passed suddenly away, March 3, 1943.

Onhersoul,SweetJesus,havemercy. Ever remembered by her sorrowing husband, sons and daughter, son-inlaw,daughter-in-law and grandchildren.

HOLBERRY.-In 'sad and loving memory ofourdearwifeandmother Mary Ann Holberry, who passel( awayonMarch9,1943' Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

Ever rememberedby her loving hus• band and girls.

ROWE.-Ofyour charity, pray for the happy repose of the soul of Annie Rowe, of 100Hare-street, Kalgoorlie, who departed this life on March 10, 1944. Alsofor thereposeofthesoul of James Ladner Rowe, whose anniversary occurson April26. Eternal rest grant unto them, O Lord, and may perpetual light shine upon them.

WANTED.

Wanted bytwo women small or House Flat. Apply S.A.G., thisoffice.

Refined young lady„in good Govern. ment position, requires small furnished or partly furnished flat,,or would share with another lady; awn linen. etc.; references supplied; urgent. Apply Y,L., thisoffice.

feelsure that you will enjoy them all. We are making this evening open to all members of the Movement, so if any of your friends are not members of the Guild, there is no objection tot your bringing them along with you to \icNess hall at 8o'clock on Friday, April 13.

DRESSMAKING.

As the next course will be starting in afew weeks, names of girls who would liketo takethe nextcoursemay behander)into theollice.

TENNIS.

You will always find a crowd of (:.GM members oncourts7and8from 2o'clock onwardsevery Saturday and Snnrinv afternoons, at Rohertson Park. Catch it

No.2'l tramandalightatthe corner of Bultwerand Fitzgerald-streets, and it

ground fee of Is, per head will be taken up.

f,OFTBALL PRACTICES.

Thew are still held every Fridayevening at 515 onwards at the back of Christian Brothers' College, on the Esplanade.

COUNCIL MEETING.

Will all leaders please keep in mind that Friday evening, March 23, at t: p.m., in the C.G.M. Rooms, has been fixed for the next council meeting,

RIVER TRIP.

Members of the Marian Arts Guild are asked to keep in mind Friday, April 13, on which is to Ile held our first programme for the year. We hope to make this avery enjoyable evening for you, especially as it is our opening night, Programmes have been arranged for the whole year, and we (Continued footof nextcolumn.)

Our next river trip isbeing held on Thursday evening, March 22, on the s.s. Perth. Tickets are limited to 400, and the decks are being cleared for dancing. An orchestra has been engaged and refreshments will be available. Tickets,2s. each,at theC.G.M. Rooms .

Catholicism%,in English Literature

By J.T.

In spiteof the fact thatEnglish Literature reflects the traditions of Protestantism,there are running through it gleams of Catholic splendour, Centuries ago it was the monks in the quietude of their monasteries who •,fostered the early growth of English Literature. They bestowed upon it their especial care,enriching it with their acquaintance of European culture. No one who reads the "Canter bury Tales of Chaucer," written in the MiddleAges, cannot butbesensibleof the high level of literary excellence which distinguishes it. Everywhereit sparkles with cheerfulness and good humour. Itisatale ofwhenCatholic thought and expression pervaded all English life. It is adescription of a pilgrimage of men and women drawn from everywhere. They are so dissimilarin their tastes,dispositions,and callings; yet they are withal so extremelysociable. Inourwildestflight of fancy could we picture such conviviality between the classes of society ♦in our own democratic age. There they went along the road to Canterbury, inspired by amoving faith and deep friendliness for one another. Chaucer is Catholic through and through.

To anyone who peerswith deepscrutiny into history it is plain that Shakespeare, the most glorious of all the literary lights,istheproductofGa. tholicism. Do not his plays breathe forth a Catholic spirit? Catholic practices are strewn right throughout his works—confession, prayers for the dead,the invocation ofsaints, the saying ofthe rosary, are allrecorded with reverent delity. It isundeniablethat his mother was a good practical Catholic, one who was prepared to suffer for the Faith. Shakespeare is recordedby oneof hisearliest biographers ofhaving "dyed apapist."

Carlyle, anon-Catholic writer, who has had bitter things to say of the Church, has written this of Shakespeare:

"In some sense it may be said that this glorious Eliabethan era with its Shakespeare is the outcome and floweringof all which preceded it, is itself attributable to the Catholicism of the Middle Ages. The Christian Faith, avhich

was the theme of Dante's song, had produced this practical life which Shakespeare was to sing. For religion. then, as it is now, and always is, ,was the soul of practice, the primary, vital fact in men's lives. Middle Age fatholickm «•as abolished as far m -Acts of Parliament could abolish it, before Shakespeare, the noblest product of it, made his appearance T did make his appearance nevertheless. Nature,at her own time,with catholic`ism, or whatever else might be neceqsary, sent him forth, taking small thoughts of Actqof Parliament"

Sowhatever may besaid to the con. trary, Shakespeare belongs to Catholicism.

How manyhave heard of the poem of (rashaw )

Yet Crashaw wrote poems of rare beautyand piety, lie was aconvert to the Church from •Puritanism.

John Dryden, the father of hngli•b prose,became converted to the Churcn in the reign of James H. He it ever remembered for hisstaunch defence of the Catholicism in an age of intensest bigotry. In his poem, "The Hind and the Panther," he likens the Church to ahind pursued b}• the black panther of Protestantism These lines are fam.

NO

ous:"The milk white hind ever con• demned to die; yet fatedstill tolive."

Inthe busyworldof to-day we have heard these oft-repeated savings: "1., err is human;to forgive divine." "A little learning is adangerous thing." "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread." How many have known that they

have been written by Alexander Pope,aCatholic,wholivedin thedark days of the early seventeenth century. Itswas taughtby apriestathishome in Windsor Forest.

When, after the Great Fire of Londontheyerectedamonumentattributing the disaster to Catholics, Pope wrote: "The Monument, like a tall bully, liftsitsheadand lies."

So great was Pope'sinfluence as a writer, that the insulting reference to Catholicswaserased.It is the fashion nowtodecry theworksof Pope. There may yet come atime when he will again bereadasmuchasformerly.

Tom Moore, whose imperishable Irish melodies are so familiar to us, wasaCatholic, who in proseaswellas poetry enriched the pages of English Literature, We remember his poems best. However, he whoreads his life of the gallant Lord Edward Fitzgeraldwill notfailtoappreciate theclearness, strength and splendour of his prose.

How many Catholics have read perhaps the best history of England we have? Thatis the history written by John Lingard, apriest, scholar and historian. It is awork that should bein the library of every Catholic college. It would certainly act as an antidote for the numerous volumes of propaganda which masquerade under the guise of history.

Cardinal Newman's contribution to literature is most distinguished. His style, to quote one critic,"is the nearest to perfection that our speech can show," and that "when at its best a better is hardlyconceivable." His Fer mon, entitled"The Second Spring." was read by one illustrious Protestant writer over and over again.

Towards the close of the Nineteenth Century, with the growth of the Churc in England,there came acon• tinuous flow of Catholic writers, the chief ofwhomwere Alice Jleynell,Coventry Patmore, Gerald Hopkins, and Lionel Johnson.

The Twentieth Century saw the emergence of those three giants of Catholicism, Chesterton Bellow and Benson. The output of

these three men has been extraordinary. The novels of Jlgr. Hugh Benson surveyed a wide field of general thought. How interestingissuch anavelas"Thellatvn of All;" read in the light of to-day's happenings.

The contribution of Chesterton to Literature-needs no detailing. It i• wel known. Isis opinions have had a great bearing onmodern contemporary opinion. Of Hilaire Belloc it can be said that he is the best living writer of English today. Since the time when as ayoung man he wrote "T,

Path to Rome," his success has been tremendous. Isis field of survey extends through ever}• range of expres sion. He shines everywhere; but he shines brightest in defence of the Faith. How small does he make

H. G. Wells look when they enter into controversy. His reply to Wee? ,

' "Historyofthe World" isagem. iiwery• Catholic should read it. He who wishes to learn to write really good English should purchase avolume of Bellow's essays and read them repeatedly.

MOREWOODCUTTINGI Amerlean perteetlon stoves;ideal for countryand beach. AtHassell's. SM.

Here are someof the namesof emin• ent Catholic writers to-d2}•: Maurice Baring, Arnold Lunn, Alfred Noyes, Christopher Hollis, Sheila Kaye Smith, Kathleen Norris, Compton Jfackenzie, Shane Leslie, Denis Gwynn, and Christopher Dawson.

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Hotel and Accommodation Guide

On the Road to City Beach.

'Phone: B3418.

Wembley Hotel

First Class Accommodation.

M.CRANLEY, Proprietor. COUNTRY.

DUKE OF YORK HOTEL, NARROGIN. Reconditioned and Refurnished. New Lounge,Dinins Rooms, and Commercial Rooms. ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth). GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL, Cnr. HANN.lN Rc NETHER• • COTT STS., KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR .... Proprietor.

'Phone 19......... Box 114.• AUSTRALIA HOTEL, SALOOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St.Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in HOW Bathrooms. Refrigeration Throughout. Only Lock-UP Garages in the OeatreofTows. M.J. DILLON,licensee.

FREEMASONS HOTEL, TOODYAY.

lzcellent Cuisine. Amatke Refrigerator Iaste]Ucl Old and New Friends are ' Cordially Welcomed. MRS. E. WING, Proprietress,

STAN. O'BRIEN, COURT HOTEL PERTH.

'['hone: B4201.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, • FREMANTLE.

Overlooking the Ocean. SuperiorAccommodation. Moderate Charges. M. BYRNE (Late of Grand and Shamrock Hotels, Boulder).

VICTORIA HOTEL, HAYSTREET, SUBIACO. Renovated Throughout. Essence of Comfort. W. F. ARTI> s, Proprietor. (Lateof BalmoralHotel,Vic. Park)

KEOUGH'SforCATERINGI Any Number,Place,or Time. ThreeReceptionRooau forHire. On Hire:Crockery,Cutlery and Glassware,etc. Phone:B9454. GLADasoIIus. NEWCASTLE ST., PERTH. "Meet

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own accessories from materials offering in Foy's new Homecraft Section. Here youmaypurchasespeciallyselected skins in suitable lengths for bags, belts,dress trimmings,cushions,table centres,etc., at very reasonableprices. You willfind these materials delightfully easy to makeupand the results will thrillyou.

Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. Itison sale in Foy'sHomecraftSectionin many lovely colours. Hereis agrand opportunity for you to save money by making your own Christmasgiftsthisyear.

Orator: "In the land(which Ihave described to you, there are far more men than women,so thatwomen have every chance ofmarriage. (Jokingly) Ican therefore recommend unmarried ladies to emigrate to that paradise."

One lady leaves the room in dtsglist.

Orator: "Idid not mean that one must go immediately."* * *

"Isn't it wonderful the things that can be made from ordinary beef bones —piano keys, teeth, knife and fork handles, and so on!"

"Yes; and my landlady thinks that they make soup, also."' * *

Doctor: "Now Iwill put ared ribbon ro+md your vaccinatedarm."

Tommy: "No, doctor, put it round the otherarm."

Doctor: "Why that? I want to make certain that your school comrades do not knock against the bad arm."

Tommy ,

"I know that—but you don't kmw these bops in our class."

The fastbowler of thevillage cricket team was also the localdoctor. And one Saturday afternoon one of the villagers, coming to the cricket match late, asked another one how the doctor was going on,

"Oh,ee be doin' foine," was the answer. "Ee'gotfewer wickets,an' three patients!"

Grigley:"Your kid's nine weeks old, is it? Does it talk yet?"

Hipperley: "Oh, no; not yet."

Grigley:"Boy, eh?"

Wife: "I'm positive you'll think it's aduckofafrock,when youseeit."

Husband: "And I'm equally positive it's apelican if the bill's anything to go by."

*

* # #

"I am delighted to meet you," said thefatherofacollege studenttoapro. fessor. "My boy took algebra from you last year."

"Pardon me." replied the professor, "your boy was exposed to it, but he didn't take it." a s * •

Entwistle:"What's the difference between tea by the pre-war fireside and tea by the present-day fireside?"

IIegtvorth:"The only difference nowadays is that the query 'One lump or two?' refers to the coal."

"What a wonderful attache-case."

"\ly wifegaveit to meformy birthday."

"Anything init?"

"Yes, the bill."

The manager of afurnishing company received the following complaint: The chair Ibought from you is no use. My husband had it for dinner to-day, and he hasbrokenaleg."

Jones: "What's the worst thing a married man cando?"

Robinson: "?Well to be frank —"

"I guess you're right." • t a *

An Irishman was relating to some friends how one night, on retiring to bed, he fancied he saw aghost, and, having arevolverhandy,hefired atit. The nextmorning he examined the object he had shot and discovered it to be his shirt.

"What did you do then?" asked one of the company.

"Bedad, Ijust breathed aprayer of thankfulness that Iwasn't inside it." * * *

Customer: "But surely you don'tsell these watches at 5s.each?"

Jeweller:"Oh, yes, madam"

Customer: "But they must cost that to make."

Jeweller:"They do, madam."

Customer: "Then howdoyou makea profit?"

Jeweller:"Repairing them." s * *

At the Art Museumthesign,"Hands off" was conspicuously displayed before thestatue ofVenusdeMilo. A small child, looked from the sign to the'statue.

"Anybody could see that," she said, dryly.

When Mrs. Epstein becameawidow, she inherited abanking account. Unable to write, she always signed her cheques with an X. One day, however, the cashier was surprised to receive acheque fromher signed with a circle. He called her attention to It.

"Why, haven't you heard?" she asked. "Iwas married last week, and my name was changed."

# r r

A farm lad went,to apply for avacant job some distance away. The farmer, wellknownin the district as a bit of atyrant, asked the boy for his "O character." nbeing unable to produce awritten reference,he was told togobackandgetone.

In ashort timehe returned.

"You haven't been long," said the farmer. "Well,bastgot thy character?"

"No," replied the boy, "but I've got thine, and Ibe'ant coming."

"I hearthereisadroughtinyourvillage?"

Drought? Everything isdriedup— mybrothersentmealetter,and,would you believe it—the stamp was put on with asafety pin."

Jill:"Well,nomatter how much you may dislike poor old Jane, you must admit she never repeats gossip about her neighbours."

Kate: "No—she starts it!"

# # R

Amessenger from the stores hailed avessel in Southampton Docks.

"What do you want?" growled the mate.

"Got some vegetables for the ship," was the reply.

"All right, you needn't come on board; throw them up oneat atime," said the mate.

"Ahoy, there,lookout!"shouted the lad, as he threw asmall dried pea towardsthemate. "I've got ahundredweightof thesel" # * #

Abore has been described as aman who ishere to-day and here to-morrow.

*

* *

Speaking in London, Mr. Carl Chow, aChinese advertising expert, said that women used cosmetics in the Middle Ages. They still use cosmetics in the middle ages.

Cocktails were served atthe opening of anew swimming pool. We understand that, to make sure they were well shaken, they were handed to ner. „ vows bathers trying to make up their minds to go off the exceptionally high diving-board.

"Most soap is bought by the bar," says amanufacturer. Well, lawyers have alot of dirty work to do. R

"Do you know my daughter has her eye on you?" remarked the pretty widow.

"I -

am delighted," exclaimed her bachelor visitor.

"Yes," replied the lady. "She says youare thekindofman shewould like for afather."

* * *

"Is there anything you fancy to eat before the execution?" asked the warder.

Yes: mushrooms," slid the condemned man. "I've always been scared to. try them in case Iwas poiosned."

* # #

"A newspaper reporter wishes to see vrio,sir."

Did you tell him I was hoarse— could scarcely speak?"

"Yes sir: but he said he would only ask questions which you could answer byanod orashakeof thehead"

"Tell;iim Ihave astiff neck."

• r

Sergeant Blowbag was holding forth + to an admiring crowd of Tommies in the mess-room. "Once I was surrounded by the enemv;" he boasted,"and Ihad only my rifle to defend myself with. What wouldyou havedone inmyplace?"

Alleyesturnedtowardsthesergeant's big feet as avoice sounded from the tear: "Why, sergeant, Ishould have'drop-" ped into one of those boots and fired through the lace-holes."

DearCornerites,—I am sure you all enjoyed reading Dr. McMahon 's letter last reek, and now you know exactly what wedo with the money that goes into the Fund.

Doesn't it makeyou proud, children, to thinkthat youhave helpedtomake all that possible for the Bushies? a There are no words which can express my gratitude to all those who have helped towards the Cause by sending donations and filling prickcards. Their rewards-

will be stored by for them later.

St. Patrick's Day is almost here again, children, and Iexpectyou're all looking forward to the celebrations on "Shamrock Day." Handsupall those who are in the big concert! There L will be abig crowd along to see the show,and it shouldbe something good anyway. Ican remember how we used tocelebrateitwhen Iwasachild (thatwas alongwhile ago!),and it is something worth remembering. AUNT BESSY. *

37 Loftus-street. Claremont. Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find en1

closed2/6for the Bushies. \ly sister, three girl friends, and myself donated asmall amount each to make up the money, so thefive ofuswishyou good luck for this year. With love from FIVE FRIENDS, Dear Five,—It was very nice of you to think' of the Bushies, and I'm sure they willappreciate yourgesture. Aunt +' Bessy and the Lemonade Bottle certainlydo. AUNT BESSY, * * * Namban. DearAuntBessy,—At lastIam writ. ing to you again, and dhope you and the Bushies are well. We are having some very hot weather, also alot of wind but no rain. Ihad avery nice

Lemonade

. Bottle

ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS. f s. d.

.. .. .. .. .. 1 0 0

.. .......... ... . .. :i0

Five Friends............ 2 7

Rosemary'Mead .... .. .... 2 6

Mrs.McGann - - .... ...... ^_

6 , ,.b. W.V.A,Wl .o.".I n.

l 4plp"u14

STANDING CARDBOARD PICTURES

-No. 114,5

,1—TWO-TONED COLOUR. ED PICTURES. 25 Subjects, comprising:—Sacred Heart, Our Lady, Immaculate Conception, Our Lady of Lourdes, Our Lady and Child, Divine Infant, Our Lord Blessing Children, holy Family, Guardian Angel, St.Joseph,St. Anthony, Little Flower, Cmmnunion, Christmas. etc.

Size 5in. x3tin. 9d. each: 8/3 dozen. No. 11.1:12—COLOURED PICTURES: it

,full colours, various subjects, including: Sacred Heart, Immaculate Heart, Pleading Heart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower. St. Philomena.

Size 51 x31in. I/- each: ll/- dozen. No. 114.53—COLOURED PICTURES: Infull colours. Varioussubjects.in. chiding: Sacred Heart, Immaculate Heart, PleadingHeart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena, St, Peter, St. Paul, St. Anne.

SizeNin. x7iin. 2/-each; 22/-dozen. No. 11454—BLACKANDWHITE PIC.

TURE OF THE. LITTLE FLOWER. Size41in.x31in 9d.each; 8/3 dozen.

MEDALS.

Co. Pty. Etd. 776 HAY STREET, PERTH (Opp. Foy and Gibson). nn•n.nFn.Inllnllln•rt•NxMnlnFnn•n.N.nw

coach as Mr. Edwards. Perhaps you will write to me again soon. Ihope so, Judith.

AUNT BESSY. * * * Subiaco.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find postal note forfl, for your L.B., for favours receivedfrom Our Lady of the Sacred Heart. Wishing theBush. ies every success—Yours sincerely, R. M.

Dear R.M.,Yoursis theSecond fl. contribution I've received this week, and am Iglad tosee it? Icertainly am! Your donation has brought backthesparkle tothe LemonadeBottle. Many thanks.

AUNT BESSY.

* *

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am enclosing a P.N. for the Lemonade Bottle to help the Bushies Scheme.—Yours sincerely ROSEMARY MEAD.

Dear Rosemary,—It is very nice of you to help theBushies' Schemealong

holiday at North Perth and Bellevue. \Iv cousins took me to the'Loo and to Como, also to the pictures. We have no school here at present this year. I think Iwill be going away to school. Will you please send me aprick card?

With lots of love from NOREEN HUNT.

Dear Noreen,—Beryl told me that Namban had no school teacher yet, so 1wag wondering what would happen to you. Will you be coming down to Perth to school, Noreen? If you do you must write and tell me which school you are going to. Will Beryl and Lorrainebe going,too? Iwillsend you apick card, dear, for you to fill, and thankyou very much for doing it.

AUNTBESSY.

St. Joseph's Convent, Fremantle.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—We have started chool now,and Ilike it verymuch. I am in V. standard and am nine years of age. Ihad a happy Christmas holiday in the country, where Ihad a lovely time. Iam sending in alittle poem thatIwrote at school; it iscalled "The Fairies' Playtime." Thepoem is the first,Ihave ever written. We are going to have tennis this afternoon from threeo'clock to fouro'clock. Our coach is Mr. Edwards and Ilike tennisverymuch. Ithink Iwillhave to close now, as Ihave no more news.

Your loving niece, JUDITH ALDRIDGE.

"The Fairies'Playtime."

At night time when I'm sent to bed, Ihave apillow'heath my head; Afairy takes me by the hand and leadsme off to Fairyland.

:1n(I when Iget to Fairyland

The fairies form amerry band; And then they start todance andsing, and make amagic fairy ring.

And then the gnomes join in as well, And pixies ask for Little Nell. :\nd whentheyall aroundme sit, 'Tis then Iteach themhow toknit.

The needlesareof blossomsmade, And cobwebsilkfrom FairyGlade:

And when the birds sing by thepool Iwake up and it's time for school, —Judith Aldridge.

Dear Judith,—I liked your little poem very much, and I hope this won't be the last time you send me your efforts. Iam very interested to see my-

nieces' and nephews' work, and St. Joseph'sseems tobegood allround at writing poetry. Are you aboarder, Judith, or a day scholar? I'm glad to hear you like tennis. It is avery nice game in my opinion, and you are lucky to have such a good

I-

Just now we need all the help we can get, for things aren't quite as bright as they could be. Still there's'still plenty of time to remedy that, isn't there?

AUNT BESSY.

*

Dear Aunt Bessy—Please find enclosed postal notefor1+1, in thanksgivingtotheSacred HeartandOutLady, for favours received.—Yourssincerely, WILDFLOWER, Dear Wildflower,—Iam 'so grateful to youfor yourkinddonation. Itwas good indeed of you to remember the Bushies. AUNT BESSY.

PERTH FISHERIES

489 WELLINGTON ST., PERTH nSH AND POULTRY SUPPLIILD. Wholesale and Retall.

Phone:B5992. City Deliveries.

Oountry Orders CateredFor.

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Relax Soap will takethehard work out of wash days for YOU. Relarisgentleonthe fabricandyourhands;washes clothes asnowy white; and NO hard rubbing is neces-

_ sary. Alwaysuse RELAX in YOUR washtub. IObtain. able in three sizes.)

MADE IN W.A.BY WISTRALIAN SOAPSLTD. Australilsian•athol;cAssurance Co. Ltd. THE "A.C.A." A.C.A. BUILDINGS, KINGST., SYDNEY. ASSETS EXCEED £1,750,000. ALL CLASSES OF LIFE AND ENDOWMENT ASSURANCE POLICIESTRANSACTED. SAFEGUARD THE FUTURE BRANCH OFFICES IN ALL STATES. \\'.r\• Office: 1 ,WAR\.1'ICK HOUSE," ST. GEGRGE'STERRACE,PERTH P. ENGELBRECHT, Resident Secretary. Catholic Funerals BY Perth Funeral Directors Ltd. Comply strictly with every requirement of Catholic Ritual. The quiet dignity and reverence of services under competent Catholic supervision afford consolation in the hour ofsorrow. Night and Day Service. Moderate Fees, 379 Hay St., Perth (near St.Mary's Cathedral). Phones: Business, B8616;Private,B8623,B5496.

Z

he Record

-Official Organof the Archdioceseof Perth ESTABLISHED 1874

News!

...TheWorld's Oldest Cartel

(Continued from Front Cover.)

of the Catholic Church the slaughter of religious and desecration of shrines, had to be gathered and sent around the world byindependentagenciesand newspapers,such as theCatholicpress.

Changes DaringWar.

The present war has brought profound changes in the world news setup. Indeed,the struggle hadalready been joined during the thirties, when Hitler established D,N.B.. Mussolini absorbed Stefani, and the Japanese Government controlled Domei, as propaganda agencies.Then began aworldwide struggle between the ReutersHavas cartel and Germany, Italy and Japan.

When Hitler conquered France, the Reuters-Havas cartel was for the moment smashed,for Hitler took over Havas and turned it into aNazi propaganda bureau. But immediately a strong and efficient "underground press'sprang up to replace Havas. A great deal of the news that Reuters was accustomed toreceive fromHavas has since come from the French "underground press"—and, since the Leftwing and the Communists dominated its directorship,it is not surprising that the bulk of the continental news we have been and are receiving is Leftist, pro-Russian, anti-Franco, and in general, radical and revolutionary.

Duringthe liberationof Paris,anew agency—Agence Francaise de Presse— was established almost overnight, probably anewnamefor the underground press. It announced its intention of becoming an independent national news agency,with aconstitution and by-laws modelled on those of the American AssociatedPress.

Meanwhile, revolution had taken place in Reuters. During the early years in the war, the ownership of Reuters passed into the hands of a "Press Association of England"—acooperative enterprise—consisting of the associated British newspapers, Actually, the association had acquired stock control in 1025, but the management had been left to Sir Roderick Tones, successor to Baron Herbert de Reuter, who committed suicide in 1015 Sir Rodetrick retired in 11

1111, for rea. sons that were not made public and since 1912, Reuters has ceased to he a private profit-making business dominated by asingle man.

A.A.P.

Thefreedomofworldnewscommuni. cation will be one of the greatest problems of the peace conference. It remains to be seen whether "the matter will be taken care of privately," Already preliminary manoeuvrings are well advanced.Behind the presentvisit of Lord Reith and his discussionswith theAustralianGovernmentonpost-war tele-communications is the struggle for empire news control.

FOR CH EAPER GROCE+ IS 4 Randolph Knapp (WA.O.A.). SIGHT.TZSTD7GOPTICIAN. 12 ATWELL ARCADE, FRIIKANTLE L15S2.

1,

ety of titles. For instance, theAsso. ciated Press ofIndiais Reuters. Even. the' Australian Associated Press IA.A.P.)—a co-operative enterprise of Australian newspapers—drawsthebulk of its foreign news from Reuters. Mr. Kent Cooper tells how the Australian Associated Press endeavoured to obtaindirectnewsfrom the AmericanAssociated Press, but Reuters, with its monopolyof news disseminationin the British Empire,stepped in and prevented it. The A.A.P„ however, was able to make acontract with the American United Press and many years later with the American Associated Press. However, apart from special wararangements,thereisstillnodirect Australian-American press circuit.

TheCatholicreaderofthedailypress needs to understand,these hidden pro. cesses behind foreign news and the technique of suppression and emphasis in its handling by the agencies. In news concerning the Catholic Church and Catholic countries,the only sane attitude is one of habitual scepticism and suspended judgment and acareful 6veeklyreading of the Catholic press.

JAMES G. MURTAGH.

C.B.C.LEEDERVILLE

SWDVUWGCARNIVAL.

65 Yards Freestyle—

Open: B. Williams, 1; N. Curnick, 2; F. Haltom, 3.

Under16: B. Williams 1; N.Curnick, 2; P. Beeson, 3.

Under 15: B.Williams, 1; F.Holtom, 2; P. Tobin, 3.

Under 14: T. Holtom, 1; K. Clarke, 2; D.James, 3.

Under 13: A. Limana, 1; J. English, 2; R. Feltham, 3.

Under12: K. Pownall, 1; B.Hanney, 2; L. Wilson, 3. 35 Yards Freestyle—

Under 11: F. Pownall, 1; J. Abbott, 2; C. Creede, 3. 20 Yards Freestyle—

Under 10: F. Pownall, 1; J. Abbott, 2; C. Creede, 3. 55 Yards Backstroke—

Open: F. IIoltom, 1; A. Murphy, 2: N. Curnick, 3.

Under 15: F. Holtom, 1: C. Fowler, 2;

P. Tobin,3.

Under 14:. IIoltom, 1; 13. Fitzpatrick, 2; D. Jones,3, 55 Yards Breaststroke—

Under 15: F. Holtom, 1; B. Fitzpatrick, 2; C. Fowler,3.

Under 13: J. Lee, 1:

J. English, 2; A. Limana, 3.

Dive—

Open: R. Bradbury, 1; C. Rodan, 2: P. Williams, 3.

Under 13: F. Pownall, 1; L. Barker, 2; A. Limana,3.

220 Yards—

Under14: F.Holtom, 1; K.Clarke,2: D. Jones, 3.

Relay— Under 12: Rest, 1; Leederville-Mt. Hawthorn, 2.

Under 14: Rest, 1; Leederville-:tit. Hawthorn, 2.

The outstanding swimmers for the carnival were Brian Williams, Frank IIoltom, Kevin and Francis Pownall. At the conclusion of the programme, Brother Hyland congratulated the performerson theexcellent'swimming.

YOUCANDOALLYOURSHOPPINGAT the GOLDFIELDS' LEADING EMPORIUM where you always get THE BEST' OF SERVICE MAKE— W. GlassOn YOURTAILOR KAL000RLIE RUSSELL eS Kalgoorlie THE SHOP FOIt MEN'S WEAR FOR THE BZSTMEATat REASONABLE PRICES,Deal from— Jas. Gray and Co. Ltd. WHOLESAL' ;ANDRETAILBUTCHERS. WBURTST., BOUIX R,ARDAGHAVZNUZ,A HANNAH ST, SALGOORLIL Telephones:B168; X676. — Telephones:BIU; X675. "The House of Quality." GENERAL DRAPERS. Requiescat )14 in Pace MEN'S OUTFITTERS. W.TRO,THER FUNERALDIRECTOR. 18 HANNAN ST., KALGOORLIE; COOLGARDIE; 11EN7_IES. At Your Command at anytime,DayandNight. Telephone: 5927. INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES FRESH FISHTWICE DAILY. 131 BARRACKSTREET. DELIVERIES ANYWHERE. Ph ONE 82974 Suppliers to Hospitals,Educational and Religious In;tltutious, WE ARETHEOLDESTAND LARGEST FISH DISTRIBUTORS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA. FRESHROASTED POULTRY. DRAFFEN'S BUTCHERS SUCCESSORS TO BEHN'S. 'PHONE: 137708. QUALITY MEATS ANDSMALL GOODS. TWO BIG BARRACK STREET STORES. COUNTRYCLIENTS SPECIALLY CATERED FOR. Printed and Published by Keith Francis Spruban, at'The Record"Office,450 Hay Street,Perth.