The Record Newspaper 28 February 1945

Freedom From Hatred,Greed.

No Confidence in Peace Not Based on Atlantic Charter

*No Nation Must Judge Its Own Case

There has beenquick and general recognition that the statement on the International Order issued by the Bishops of the United States recently, is ' one of the most powerful documents to come out of the war period, and one that goes straight to the heart of the world'sdesperate longing for an e8ective,just peace. Giving concise counsels that are stern,yet calm, the statement was made in the names of all the Bishops, at the annual meeting at the Catholic University at Washington,and was signed by the ten members of the Administrative Board of the National Catholic Welfare Conference. •In

general,it utterly condemned "power politics," demanded a ptteaewith the(AtlanticCharter as its keystonle,recolmanended an InternationalOrganisation with all nations included,and, with a strong World Court,insisted on rights of weak nations,asserted the principle that no nation within its own borders may infringe the innate rights of men and families, and counselled that judgementsbeformed based on"Christian democratic traditions."

official Answer ofChurch.

It was observed b

ythe Bishops that following the Dumbarton Oaks pro• posals for an international organise. (ion for peace and security,the Secretary of State asked the leaders of na• tional thought and opinion to discuss these proposals "in the spirit of constructive effort." This, then, is the united, considered answer of the highest authorities of the Catholic Church in the country.

Moreover,it was in answer, the statement itself said, to questions uppermost in the minds of the men of the armed forces and of the masses of citizens of the country,and in evidence ofgood fault to"ourheroes... in this war of freedom" and to future generations.

"We have no confidence in apeace

• which does not carry into effect, without

reservations or equivocations, the principles of the Atlantic Charter;"

• was the vigorous assertion of the Bis• hops.

The "tragic fallacy of'power poli• tics'," was excoriated,with its balance of power,spheres of influence, and puppet governments,

War Blamed on Bad Education.

'

• Appeal was made that the peoples free themselves "from hatred, from distrust,from the spirit of mere ex• pediency, from national greed, and from indifferencetorightin'the use of might." The American people were told they must face "stern objective realities."

"This war came largely from bad education;" Raid the Bishops and not • "unlettered men," but "scholars" were responsible. It arose, they said, out of•afalseeducationalphilosophy which discarded moral principles.

"International law must govern in* ternational institutions," declared the statement in endorsing an inter• national institution which would in elude all nations,"large and small, strong and weak:" The constitution of this organisation must be demo. cratic.

There was condemnation of "selfish monopolistic control of raw materials;" and the Bishops insisted that the world lanes of commerce and communication be kept open. The international organisation must also see to guarantee concerning weak nations, and that poor nations have the neces• nary economic resources.

Innate Rights of Men.

The World Court should be "strict. ly judicial," said the statement, and there should be acodification of inter• national law. Obligatory arbitration must be brought about when peace is threatened. The international institution must never violate national sov. ereignties.

Within the State, national sovereignty "is limited by the innate rights of men and families;" asserted the Bishops,and the international in. stitution should demand that "every nation guarantee in law and respect in fact the innate rights of men, families and minority groups in their civil and religious life:" It was warned that otherwise there would be acon• stant thread against peace.

"It is aChristian hope we want to realise;" the statement avers of the efforts for asound peace at the end of the war.

The statement concluded,by quoting President Roosevelt when he said: "We shall win this warand in victory we shall seek riot vengeance but the

of Detroit. Chairman of the Adminis trative Board of the N.C.W,C. establishment ofan international order in which the spirit of Christ shall rule the heartsofmenandofnations:"

The text of the statement follows:

We have met the challenge of war. Shall iwe meet the challenge of peace?

This is the question uppermost in the minds of men everywhere who in suffering and hardship have stood out against ruthless aggression. The men of ourarmed (Drees the masses of our citizens, our leaders, all want to be true to our heroes who have given so much,some even their lives, in this war for freedom. They want to be true as well to future generations on whom we have been forced to place a heavy burden as the price for their freedoms. Honestly, earnestly we want to garner from the sacrifices hardships and losses which have gone into thiswar, the full fruits of victory, in agood peace. The foremost pro• blem in post-war planning is how to secure for ourselves and all the world ajust and lasting peace.

Recently representatives of the United States, the United Kinkdom, the Soviet Union,and China at Dum• barton Oaks formulated and present• ed to their governments broad tentative proposals for an international organisation for"the maintenance of peace and securityand the creation of conditions which make for peace. "These proposals have been given to the public for full study and discussion by peoples of all countries. Our own Secretary of State has expressed the hope that leaders of our national thought and opinion will discuss them in the spirit of constructive effort.

Public opinion in our country can exert atremendous influence in making the peace and determining the manner of international collaboration for its maintenance. If public opinion is indifferent or uninformed,' we shall run the risk of abad peace and perhaps return to the tragedy of "power politics," which in the past di• vided nations and sonved the seeds of war. If public opinion is alert and informed,we can have alasting peace and security. It is imperative that all our citizens recognise their respon• sibility in the making and mainten• anceof the peace. They mustinform themselves on the issues and form their judgments in the light of sound reason and our Christian democratic traditions. They must free themselves from hatred,from distrust, from the spirit of mere expediency, from national greed,and from indifference to right in the use of might, and they must form their judgments on the basisof stern objective realities.

This war came largely from bad education. It was notbrought on by primitives or unlettered peoples. The contemporary philosophy which asserts the right ofaggression is the creation of scholars.Discarding moral principles and crowding.God out of humanlife, scholarsproducedthemonstrous philosophies which,embodied in political and social systems, enslave human reason and destroy the' consciousness of innatehuman rights and duties. In these systems the notion of the commongood isutterly distorted; it is no longer conceived as the consequence ofthecommon enjoyment of rights and the common discharge of duties,but the creation of the cap• rice of adictator or agroup or a party. The gilded dreams of anew era, which these systems heralded. haveprovedtobeahideousnightmare. If we are to have ajust and lasting peace, it must be the creation of a sane realism,which has aclear vision of the moral law, areverent acknowledgment of God its Author, and a recognition of the oneness of the human race underlying all national distinctions.

,AtlanticCharter.Without Equivocations.

We have no confidence in a peace which does not carry into effect, without reservations orequivocations, the principles of the Atlantic Charter, We feel, too that it should provide assistance for prostrate nations in recon• structing their economic, social and political institutions. If justice is compromised,if unreasonable concessions are made to might, grievances will hankie in the hcwom of aggrieved

(Continued on Page 17,)

ABCfiB06HOP MOONEY,

*The Catholic Answer

Did the Church Enjoy Freedom in Tzarist —Wealthy Have No Advantage in the

Why Pagan Countries Have High Birth-Rates...

Should Country Life Conduce to aDeeper Spirituality?

Curious, Inglewood:

Q.: Did the Catholic Church enjoy complete freedom in Russia under the Government of the Czars before the Bolshevik Revolution?

A.: No, it did not. The history of the CatholicChurch in Russia prior to the establishmentof theBolshevik dic. tatorship was one of constant struggle against official intolerance and opposition. In 1842 Pope Gregory XVI. was forced tocall the attention of the Catholicworld totheoppressionofCatholics in Russia. In 1905 Guar NicholasII.published anedictofreligious toleration which greatly aided the Church. Asamatteroffact,somany were converted as a consequence (500,000 in two yearsI), that the reactionary party of the Orthodox Churchbrought about the abolition or modification oflaws relating to liberty ofconscience;many of theoutrages of former years were repeated,and the Government took particular pains to prevent the establishment of the Churchin Russia. However, Catholicism made great progress especially

amongst the more educated classes. Previous to the Revolution therewere in the Russian Empire over 13000,000 Catholics,of whom some 5,000,000 were in Russia proper;there were 2,900parishes, and 4,600 priests,

"Pro BonoPublico," Swanbourne:

"Many thanks for your session, "The Catholic Answer," My friends and myself find it edu•ational, inter esting andinspiring. Picking up'The Sunday Times' this morning,I learn that the Messiah has arrived,namely James Fraser (45), Melbourne printer and carpenter, whose photo appears therein cladded in a heavy beard.

What is your opinion about this, please? Iremember another arriving in Balmoral (N,S.W.),where he built abeautifulconcrete pavilion facing theHeads,andseatscost asmuch as£100 upwards,and when the pavilion was booked up, Mr.Leadbeater, the organiser, was missing."

A.: Yourownletter shows just what

as to the

of Hiscoming. AsIreally think you mean to suggest they are, all of them, just alot of nonsense,and—

do not merit an officialpronouncement by the Church. The only thing worthy of remark about thislatest hoax is the credulity of some people who are always ready to believe the latestprediction when so many have been proved false in the past.

"In Nubibus," York-street,Subiaco:

Q.: Assuming for the sake of argument that thedoctrine ofPurgatory as taught by the Catholic Church is areality,do you think that it is run on fair and equitable lines? Reading between the lines,it seems tomynarrowmindthatitis aqum tion of "the most money the least Purgatory

A.:I'mafraid you display an almost complete lack of understanding of the Catholic teaching about Purgatory. You refer to your narrow mind, no doubt intending the remark asatouch of delicate irony, but without any offence Iwould suggest that your nom. de-plume,"In tiubibus,"(up in the clouds), better expresses your state of mind so far as this question is con. cerned.

Q.: Which simply means thatthe soul inPurgatory,withagoodbackingof cash on earth, has the greatest advantage over the unfinancial soul, and that the soul of thepoor unfor. tunatepauperwithnooneinterested in his case at all can remain in tor. ment for all eternity.

A.: Which simply mean, nothing of the sort. First of all, not all the souls in Purgatory-have to pay the same debt of temporal punishment after death for the wrong they have done in this life: and in the second place itdoes not followthat thosewith plenty of money are anv more zealous than poorer people in having prayers and Masses offered for their deceased relatives and friends; thirdly,there is no charge for Masses for the dead, though an offering to thepriest forhis trouble isusually made,andleft to the discretion and circumstances of the person requesting the:Bass;-fourthly, many-, Ishould say most, Catholics pray forall thesoulsin Purgatory,and innumerable Masses are offered for the benefitof those who havebeen forgotten or who had not the wherewithal or forethought to provide for themsel. ves before death;and, fifthly, the suf. ferings of Purgatory are temporal, not eternal. In addition to this, the Church herself officially prays, and commands her priests to offer Mass, for all souls in Purgatory,as, for ex. ample, on All Souls' Day, when every Catholic priest throughout the world who says three Masses, as he is privtliged to do, must offer at least one ofthem for alldeceasedChristians who may be suffering in Purgatory. Besides which all Catholic Confraternl. ties and Societies pray regularly and have Masses offered for their deceased members. So that aman, who on earth, was poor so far as worldly wealth in concerned,shares in all this

spiritual weath of prayer and suffrage after death.

But you reduce the doctrine of Pur. gatory and the teaching of the Communion of Saints to asingle pseudomathematical formula, which*no Catholic ever does, and your concluding sentence:"Seeing that there is no sal. vation, no redemption,and no heaven without cash,the lot of the paupers is hard indeed," may be quite good as a piece of sarcastic pleading,but it is rather stupid as acommentary on Catholic teaching,and aquite uncalledfor and uncharitable reflection on the Catholic practice of praying for the dead,

Fed Up,Perth:

Q: Howdo youreconcile thefact that the pagan countries of the world, e.g., China,Japan,and India, have the highest birth rates,with the views expressed in "The Record" that "to bring about an increase in population there must be aspiritual motive."

A.: The view of"The Record" that theprimary'factorinrepopulatingAustralia will be found in spiritual motivation is quite in line with the consensus of Catholic social thought in thiscountry. The variousStatements issued for the past five years on Social Justice Sunday, and formally approved by the Hierarchy,have stressedasimilarline ofthought. Thecontrast with Asiatic countries is easy to follow. We Australians are among the nations which have repudiated the Christian principles and traditions on which our civilisation rests, and in these circumstances only a spiritual motivation will effectively overcome the selfishness,the lack of asense of responsibility,and the purely pagan outlook towards the true purpose of marriage which are jointly to beblamed for the growing urgency and magnitudeof thepopulation problem. Asia, on the other hand, still lives largely by the Natural Law, and as yet no serious signs of moral decay have appeared in regard to marriage such as the apostate Christian nations exhibit. Q.: Somemonths ago, in connection with what they termod the "Orem Revolution," or the "Back to the Land" movement,"The Record" stated that We in the countrywasconducivetoahigherstandardofmorals thanlifein thecity. Inmy.travels around WA,, Ihave been appalled by the fact that,while in country centreswhereMauiscelebratedonly *nos amonth,very few parishioners bothered to go to Holy Oormemion atthemonthly@Baas. Moreover,my experienceofrelatives andfriendsin the country hasled me to believe that these people become very cars Lem when they haveMauonlyoaoe or twice amonth,and soon don't careiftheyneverattendit. ,Asthe Mau is the central feature of the Catholicreligion, can itbetrulysaid thatlivinginsuch conditionsis conducive to ahigher standard of anorsLty?

A.: Ithink acloser reading of"The Record's" views regarding morality and country life will reveal that the proposed Catholic reforms relating to rural life should provide an ideal milieu for amore vigorous religious

Elevating Domestic.HelptoaDecent.Status

D. Miller,

DoestheChristianDoctrineofMarriage CauseMoreEvilThanDivorce?....

life. The presentmodeoflarge scale, specialised agriculture makes community life well-nigh impossible, and sothe amenities of frequent Mass and thereception ofthe Sacraments are in many places impracticable. The Catholic solution' by way of diversified fanning on smallholdings would greatly help to eliminate these unhappy conditions, and so should conduce to higher moral standards and abetter spiritua llife.

Sally, Mount Barker (Continued):

Q.: How much ;

would the family wage be for acouple withfour children?

A.: Much would depend on the conditionsunder whichthey were employed. Butwhen afamily receives good living quartersandmostof the food is producedontheplace,theactualfigure in money, under present conditions, wouldnotbeanythinglikeMWayear. To give you an approximate figure'is hardly within the scope of, a session likethis,and in anycasethefigurefinally arrived at by those competent to decide these thingswouldbe constantly in need of adjustment with changing conditions of labour and the cost of living.

It is not the function of theChurch in society to decide the"family wage" she advocates in terms of fs, d., but she can and does enunciate the principles and considerations that should be borne in mind by the responsible authorities whose duty"it is to fix a basic *age. And,briefly, by a "family wage," the Church understands one 'thatwillprovidenotonlyformeresubsistence,but for:

A.: That's true; country mothers do needhelp, and they need it badly. I think the question of domestic help forover-workedcountrymothersisone that the Government has given some thought to,but up todateithasbeen, as usual, just so much talk. How* ever, there is amove being made at themoment, Iunderstand, to extend the facilities of the W.A.N.S. (or the Women's Adstralian National Service) tocover all phases of domesticservice andwith particularconcern for the assistance of the country mother.

9iciodsPark: Q.:2waslisteningtoyoursessionlast weekondme& Don't you think there is More

all brought about through that:—your not granting a divorce? The oouple separate and the man finds another woman, and she another man, and if there are anychildrentheyareputinahome. Iknow of it being done, soIknow itistrueandIthinkitisadisgrace to

your Chunk, and how an educated

man like

you can beso ignorant by someof

your remarks you put; overtheairisbeyond

ma

momentfanciessomeoneelse,itist'ery easy for him (and in some cases it is an irresistible temptation) to provide his wife with grounds sufficient dor a divorce. And if the wife feels the samewayaboutit,thechildrenareput in an orphanage, or perhaps they are Juit left as wafts until the State is forced to support them. You know, as well as Id0. that our civil law 4 lows, and encourages, people to do that by grantingdivorces. But Idon't think it is avoidingevils by doingso. Rather it is multiplying evil.

(a) The securingof proper food and housing for the worker and his family

... whateverthesizeof hisfamily.

(b) The opportunity of acquiring a moderate amount of property by the worker, so that he will notbe entirely dependent on his wages.

(C)

Making suitable provision, through public and private insurance, for old age and for periods of illness andunemployment.

(d) Improving the cultural or social conditions in whichtheworkerand his familylive.

TheChurch,moreover,suggestsamethod which would scientifically fix the basicwage on the full amount needed by the single man or woman. The same wage would be paid irrespective of the sex of the worker. As soon as ' the male workermarried, he would receive an increase in his wage to the full amount necessary to provide for his wife in addition to himself. On thebirth ofeachchild there would be afurther increase to fulfil the same purpose. Yes,andinorderthat there would be no incentive for the employer not to employ men with families, the employer himself directly would pay the samebasicwagetoallhis employees, married or single. But employerswwould, at the same time, con. tribute to anational equalisation fund (by amethod similar to the present payroll tax), outof which the various endowments would be paid to married men. Ofcourse,therearemanyother aspects to thisquestion ofdetermining a"familywage,"butIhave started to go into so much detail to show you that the Church has given this matter some deep thought and does suggest apracticable scheme.

"Countrymothersneedhelp, andthe Government should do .something abort it."

STURMER AND SON, (Late Hsllione), BAKSRfi, on JOHN STREET, NORTI" FREMANTLE. (Tel. 2739.) Prise Winners Royal Show. DeliveriesThroughout

14'e®aatle,

The W,A.N.S. have been doing magnificent work here in West Australia for some time past. The Service was originally formed to assist the mother who found difficulty in looking after her children through sickness or accident, or the absence of the father on active service. However, as Isaid theArmyAuthoritieshaveputforward aplantobroaden the scopeofthisservice. Perhaps the most encouraging feature ofthetwhole'suggestion isthat itisnot intended as apurely wartime measure, but should provide the basis of apermanent service for mothers. This is certainly as it should be for the domestic problem is not merely a wartime problem—it has been unbelievably intensified on account of present abnormal conditions, butit is definitely apermanent national problem. Detailsofthe schemearenotyetavail. able, but it seems certain that there would be two distinct sections: the dailyhelp idea and the permanent residentwho would be apermanent em. ployee of the individual family, work ing under aspecial award and certain conditions to which families mustcon. form. Such ascheme would have at least one very definite advantage—it would elevate housekeeping to the statusof askilled profession,asall applicants would be required to under. go ashortperiod of intensive training for their work. Personally. I think this particular scheme deserves wholeheartedsupport.

CuriousandWorried,Mt.Lawley:

This listener has sent in a letter whichIwillsummarisebrieflytoavoid the possible recognition of the persons involved: AProtestant married aCatholic in anon-Catholic Church. During an absence abroad the Protestant wasreceived into theCatholicChurch, On returning home it was discovered that the original Catholic partner had given ample grounds for divorce ao cordingto civillaw, and thiswas duly obtained by the aggrieved party, who had become aconvinced and ardent Catholic whilst away from home. Are the partiesfree tomarryagain?

A.: Yes. So far as the Church is concerned, they were never really mar. ried in the first instance, and conse. quently they are still free to marry anyone theywish. The only obstacle would have been the dissolution of the legal bondtheyhadcontracted,butthis has been done now through their obtaining acivil+vorce Thr factthat the Protestant partner in the mean. timebecame

aCatholic has nothing to do with the case.

Asyou suggest, however,beforemar. riagesuch acase should be submitted to the Bishop of the diocese to be examined, so that the previous irregular union, classed as amarriage by civil law, may be declared an invalid marriage according to the Church's law. The thing to do in such -

acase would be to approach the nearest Catholic priest and give him full details. He will do the rest for you. AfrankdiscuCsion with apriest has other ad. vantages, too, for the casemay not be really as simple as it seems from the meagre details one can provide in a letter.

A.: Well, from the very involved composition of your letter I gather that the question is: Don't you think that the Church causes more evil by not permitting divorces, so that the partiesmay separate and marry again and put their children, if any, in a home? Itseems so hopeless just to say,"No I don'tthink so," and yet it really

Is hardtoknow just what to reply after all that we have already said on the subject.

According to our civillaw, if aman grows tired of his wife, and for the

Ican only thank God, and many thousands of others thank God, that webelong toaChurch in which God's law is recognisedandobserved, and in which marriage is regarded as sacred and its bond.is accepted as inviolable. RememberChrist's words: "What God hath joined together let no man put asunder!"

Matter for inclusion in parochial' notes andreportsofCatholic organise tions must bein handby each Thum day to ensure publication in the current issues of"The Record."

ty the Thonsand.

Exceptional Atoning.Value ofSacramental Penance

*Doubts

and Scruples

RelatingtoConfession

After we have told our sins in Confession,thepriestassignsussomedevotionalpractice by wayof a"penance." This penance we are bound to accept, and tofulfilafterwards, .Ifbychance it should be one of greatdifficulty to us from sortie cause unknown to the priest—an unlikely event— we are not forbidden to represent the difficulty to theconfessor respectfullyinorderthat, if he judges fit, another penance may be substituted by him.

Theobligation to fulfilthe"penance" is, speaking generally, one binding under mortal sin, but that supposes that the penance is, as modern penances go, anotable one, as, e.g., five decades of the rosary would certainly be. If, after intending at the time ofconfessiontosaythepenance,Iwere afterwards deliberately to omit it, I should sin by this; but that would not destroy the iworth of my confession, though if the omission amounted to a mortal sin, Ishould fall once• more fromthestateofgraceacquiredby the confession.

The "penance" is for making satin. faction to God for the sins confessed and remitted—atallevents,as to their guilt.

But every• i

sin involves two effects guilt before God, and punishment. These need not always disappear together. If my repentancebeveryper. fect—e.g., when Ihave the highest grade of contrition—then both guilt and punishment are certainly removed together. But this"clean sweep" will not always occur; so the penance is meant to contribute at all events, tolw•ards paying off the debt of iem. poralpunishment thatmaystill remain title after the guilt of sin, and God's consequentdispleasure at it, has ended with absolution.

Whatever debt the penance itself may have failed to satisfy, that Imay wisely try to wipe out by voluntary acts of penance, either spiritual ones —e.g., hearing Mass, acts of sorrow•, re. newal ofsorrow for sins of my past in future confessions, gaining indulgences, resignation under trials, etc.—or else 'bodily penances—e.g., fasting or abstinence, self-denial in comforts, bear ingpain and labour,etc.

Itmightseem absurd toimagine that afew prayers, taking us but a few minutes to recite devoutly, should go any way toward ,

;satisfying the justice ofGod . But we must remember that such acts, when imposed in the Sacrament,'derivein exceptional atoning value from the atonement of Jesus Christ, which the Sacrament applies to our souls for the express purpose of

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undoingtheeffectsofourpersonal sins. Thus aLitany-, or afew Paters and Aves,recitedasasacramentalpenance, have, through Christ's merits, apower of satisfying God altogether out of proportion to their face value, and far greater than theywould possessifsaid independently as apenitential act of devotion ofourown choosing.

Theaboveleads to thesubjectofforgetting penances. Two forms of forgetfulnessare possible—(a) Imay for. getwhatitwas,or(b) Imay forget to perform it.

(a) If Iforget what it was and am still with the priest, let me ask him to repeat it. If Ihave left the confessional,Iam notbound to make afuss in order to get to'him again. Ican ask about it next time though in all probability- the priest will not remember what he told me.

There is no use in doing something else instead. This would, of course, ,show good-will, and would have some valueofsatisfaction, like any otheract of devotion performed spontaneously, but it would lack that higher value whichtheSacrament imparts tothe actual penance enjoined me.

(b) Though Iknow what penance wasgivenme.Imay forget tosav it.

Howdoes thisaffect my Confession? Neither in case bat nor in case(b) is the absolution undone. The Confession still remains substantially good as to the forgiveness of the guilt of sin, always supposing that Imeant to periorm the penance, butit isshornofits perfection through neglect of the sat. isfaction. The result is that, whatever amount of temporal punishment Ishould have paid off by doing the "penance," this amount will still need to be paid either in this world or more heavily in Purgatory.

No time cyan be fixed within which a penance must he fulfilled unless the confessor expressly implies one. It appears most fitting, however, that it be performed at all events before the next Confession, if its characteradmits of this. The obligation to perform it never( ,

cases merely through lapse of time.

Unless the priest expressly states otherwise, the devotional practice prescribed need only be performed once. Thus,"Say for your penance five'Hail Mary ,

"'means,"Say thefiveonce,not every day."

People should carefully attend to, and understand, the penance enjoined before leaving the confessional. If they cannot hear, they should say so, and all worry afterwardswill besaved.

It is an excellent practice, though not aduty, tosayone'spenance immediately after leaving the confessional, and

so complete the Sacrament in all its parts.

OF DOUBTS AND SCRUPLES.

We come to atopic of considerable practical interest, but one which it is not easy to discuss in general. Here is the question:"When Isee plainly that the sin is mortal, my course is

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clear—Imust confess it. But what is my duty when in doubt as to my guilt—when such igw•ard questionings occur as these: Was thatamortal sin? Did Ido it at all? Or, if Idid, have Iconfessed it before? Or, did Igive fullconsent toit? Theanguishof my mindmay be not

alittle sharpened by the conviction that the thing in question would be trying to confess; and on realising this, Ifancy that the reason of my hesitating to judge myself guiltyofthesinissimplythatIshould not like to tell it. And yet Isay to myself thenext moment, "No, that is notthe case. If Iknow it tobemortal,Iwouldtellit,inspite of thecost."

Am Idescribing acase of scruples? Not exactly. But those to whom the question of"doubts" is most practical are generally of the "anxious" class who find much difficulty in making up theirconsciences.

To speakofdoubts proper. It may be stated that agenuine doubt is not obligatory matter for Confession. One may say more. Given that it is genu. ine, it is not matter for Confession at all; for Confessions is for sins—i.e. for wrong of which we are definitely conscious. Doubts are capable of being solved, perhaps, but not of being ab. solved as such. Ourobligation, as defined by Trent, is to tell"all mortal sinsofwhichweareconscious." Now astate of doubt as to mortal sin pro. duces no definite consciousness of mortalsin, butonlyamore or,less grounded fear that we may have committed it.

Of course, we may be unconsciousof sini simply because we have not examined ourselves, and have no views one way oranother. It is simply ablank "I don't know." That is called amerely negative doubt, or complete lack of knowledge, the remedy for which is to inquire by self-examination—i.e., made with the ordinary care alone de. manded of us.

Supposing that, even after examination, my mind remains as before in a simple state of"Idon't know," be cause Iremember nothing at all about what happened. There is at all events, one case in which such anegative doubtaboutmortal sin obligesme to confess—viz., when Iam clear that Icommitted acertain definite mortal sin, but have noreasonofanykindfor concluding that Ihave ever confessed it. Here the law of confessing mortal sin iscertain, yet Ihave no ground at all, it is supposed, for thinking that I have ever satisfied the law. So 1 must doso. But in practice thiscluty will seldom hind, because a purely negativedoubt isnotso common; that is to say, unlesssome sort of evidence will turn up inthemind for andagainst me which will convert the doubt into apositive one.

Unless such treatment of doubts as thiswere lahcful,it isobvious thatConfession would become an intolerable burden to anyone not possessed of a retentive memory. One cannot exact thatapersonshould remember the fact of confessing every single sin that he may, nevertheless, havedulyconfessed. So, too, apart from careful general Confessions and missions or retreats, the consciousness of regular and, perhaps, frequent Confessions made with reaosnable care forms a positive ground forsolving doubts of the above description in hisown favour. As a rule, if aperson in this kind of doubt has the conviction,"I-

not. As regards the scrupulous, one may say that their doubts, whether negative or positive, are an exceedinglycheapcommodity, andare not tobe valued at more than afarthing aton," and may be ignored accordingly—I mean, by the sufferersthemselves. Possibly aconfessor might forbid such a one so much as to mention the avord "doubt," in order to give others waiting without some chance of Sacraments.

PositiveDoubt,

ThismeansthatIseereasonsforand against my guilt, or else against my duty to confess—astate of reasoned uncertainty. Nodoubtcanproducea certain obligation of any sort, and an obligation that is not certain is none; so, as long as the doubt lasts, Iam free. Of course, as Isaid above this supposes that the doubt is honest. Some firmly-built consciences have no difficulty in deciding doubts for themselves; others, without beingdevidedly scrupulous, cangetnopeacefrom such decisions on private authority. To such common sense suggests and advises that they should mention any really troublesome doubt as adoubt. of course (for truth's sakel, accusing themselves"in asfaras they mayhave been guilty." It is bad for the soul to be ever"see-sawing" over doubts of conscience. We cannot prosper spiritually, any more than acountry can temporarily, while-there is no internal peace.

Those, moreover, have special reasons for mentioningdoubtsaboutsome kindsofsin whoarewontfrequentlyto commit undoubted mortal sins of that sort; for here the argument from their experience stands rather against than for them. .Again, aperson who has hitherto nothad occasion to test his courage in confessing sins that are very trying to tell, and now find himself face to face with aserious doubtin that kind, certainly needs tobe onhisguardagainst his repugnance to mention the matter, lest it impair the sincerity of his judgment as to the gravity of his guilt; whereas one who has often bravely, and perhaps,unnecessarily, subjected himself to such humiliations has no cause to suspect the honesty of his doubt.

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m sure Imust have told that," this of itself is an indirect proof of there being positive grounds for the conviction. For a strong impression of this sort cannot exist without some cause, although the cause may not be traceable for want of memory, And that cause constitutes avalid reason for deciding in favourofliberty.

In this matter Iam supposing aper. son with an averagely sane conscience —not ascrupulous person—by which Imean ,not one who thinks himself scrupulous, but who has been warned that he is, whether he believes it or

There is agreat advantage in mentioningdoubts (i.e„ as doubts) in Confession. For afterdoingthismy duty is satisfied for goodand all, even if, as several reliable theologians teach, Ibecome certain later on that the sin was undoubtedly and plainly mortal. This follows necessarily from what innumerable authorities maintain—viz., if, being in doubtastonumbers.Iaccuse myself of committing some mortal sin "six or seven timer" and Iafterwards become certain it was seven times, it is not binding on me to correct the error inafuture Confession. Yet what have we here but the very case in point, for that seventh mortal sin was confessed as doubtful, and it is afterwards found to be certain. Besides, mywholeduty—accordingtotheCouncil of Trent—is to confesssins as they stand in my conscience—i.e.,obviously, at the time of confessing. This done, Iam quit. The case just treated is not on all fours with that other one — namely, when through forgetfulness I make no allusion at all to aclear offence—for there(1) Ihad committed an evident mortal sin:(2) moreover, Ihave not strictly confessed according toconscience(exceptin the sense that Iacted in good faith), but according tomemory. In mypreparationImay have been full conscious of the sin, though itescapedme when confessing; whereas in the case before us. Ihave mentioned the matter, and, moreover, have done so according as it stood in my conscience at the time of my Confession, which is all that the teaching ofTrent requires,

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Religious Persecution of Protestants in Spain Denied Another Concoction Ranking with the Axis-Sympathy-Fables

SomeClergymenareEnemiesofSpain

Another Saint

Two film companies—one of them Bing Crosby's latest venture—are now planning to make afilm of the life ofBlessed FrancisXavier Cabrini, who will probably be canonised soon after the war, her "cause" having already been completed though she died less than 27 years ago.

First in the field was the P.R.C. Film Co. A representative of this firm began consultations last January with the Motion Picture Bureau of "The Tidings," the official Catholic newspaperoftheLosAngelesdiocese.

Bing-Crosby Productions announced its plans only the other day, but obviously means to do the film in abig way, spending 2,000000 dollars.

for Films

ary evidence, written and pictorial, to present on the screen afaithful PortraitofMother Cabrini herself and of the initial stagesof her beatification cause in Chicago.

The Promoter General of the Faith ("Devil's Advocate"), Mgr. Natucci, himselfwenttoChicagototakepartin the canonical examination of her remains, and Press photographs made a pretty complete record of all the ceremonies.

A few weeks ago grave charges of testant had been executed and that religious persecution against Spain weremade by the World's Evangelical Alliance and widely published in the press of this country. They covered not only the customary ground of closed Protestantchurches and banned meetings, deportation of missionaries and seizure ofbibles, but went to the lengthsofclaimingthat"pastors, even. gelists and afar larger number of church members" had been executed, presumably on the sole grounds of their religion.

Allegations.

It.was alleged that about two-thirds of the Spanish pastors and their helpers had suffered exile, imprisonment, and death and, furthermore, that pressure wasbeing put on Protestant parents'to have their children taught the Catholic catechism and to force at. tendance.atMass. The case was cited of ayoung Protestant who was sent to aconcentrationcamp forrefusingto attendMass.

These charges formed the basis of aletterof protest which the executive council of the Alliance sent to the HouseofLordswitharequest thatthe House mightuseitsinfluence tosecure for the Protestants of Spain "relief from the present intolerable burden of persecution and liberty to worship without repression."

Several of the Left-wing papers here seized upon thereport as anopportunity of attacking General Franco's regime. chief among them being, of course, the Communist "Daily Work. er."

This attack, it should be noticed, came atatime when Spain was under fire from Left organisations in this country and ontheContinent. It followed the short-lived"invasion" of Spain by the armed bands of Spanish Republicans who were,roaming about on the Franco-Spanish frontier, and it was accompaniedby other accusations, onthemiitaryandpolitical plane,such as thattherewere strong forces ofGerman troops in Spain and that the Gestapo exercised awide influence there. These,inturn,succeeded alistofother charges—among them the indictment that Spain was giving. the Germans facilities for testing and developing its V-bombs—which had to be dropped when they were officially denied by the British Government,

On the face of it, then, the religious accusations were just another of the mosaics which the enemies of Spain had fitted into their picture of afabulous Spanish scene designed to arouse active hostility to that country at a time whenthe warsituation permitted the Allies to cast off restraint. And, supporting this view, is the fact that the chargesarenotnew ones,buthave been resurrected from the days when violent partisanship twas rife against Spain.

SpanishPaper's Reply.

Anauthoritativereply to thecharges has now been issued by the Spanish paper,"Ya," which emphatically proclaims their falsehood.

The paper, first of all, declares that there are scarcely any Protestants in Spain "since our religious unity is perfee

tand almost all Spaniards are Ca. tholics" It then deals with the accusations in the same vein which were made some years ago.

"Many foreign journalists and prominentpersons," it says,"were ableto ascertain personally that the stories of executions of Protestants .were false when theywere invited over,and they were able tosee that not asingle Pro.

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only twowereunderdetention forhaving allowed themselves to be involved in the internal politics of Spain, as they themselves confessed to the visitors."

NoPastodZxwutedorImprisoned.

The paper goes on: There are in Spain clergymenwholeadalife of vir. tue and respectability, but there are alsosomewhoareenemiesofourcoun. try. The Evangelical Church published an official organ called Espana Evangelica,'whichcontinuously attacked Spain, whom she made the victim ofacampaignofcalumniesand insults directed against all her institutions. In spite of the fact that persons so engaged in calumniating and insulting Spain cannot be considered either peaceful or inoffensive, no Protestant pastor has been executed or deprived ofhisliberty, Many Protestant chapels areopen forworshipin Madridand the Provinces.

"Spain is tolerant, but not stupid. InherNorth(Africanterritories, Catho. lies, Kohammedans and Jews live togather. They all practise fheir religions and preservetheircustoms in an atmosphere ofthegreatestunderstanding and tolerance, and all churches, mosques, synagogues and denomina. tfonal schoolsreceivein an equalmearure the necessary aid from theState. In Spain, religious sects are not persecuted, neither arereligions defamed. What is prohibitedare centres of conspiracy and rebellion.

It may be remarked, in conclusion, that the case ofSpainbears astriking analogy to that of South America, where U.S. missionaries of certain Protestant denominations have, by their de campaign of calumny and nigration, aroused the fierce resentment not only of South American Catholics, but also those of the United States.

Why Soviet EncouragesBirths

The Soviet Government has embark. ed upon apolicy of State subsidies and privileges to encourage births. Monthly grants are given to mothers of four children or more. Increased food and longer abstention from work are offered. Mothers of many children will be given honours by the State. And divorce will no longer be obtainable by declaration.

It will be noted, however, that this is not an encouragement of family life in the Christian sense of the West. The aim,like thatof Nazi Germany,is to fill the cradles for the State—

only too often the cradles of the creches, for the very idea of holidays before and after child-birth implies that the mother worksoutside the home. And no distinction is made between mar. ried and unmarried mothers.

Dramatic Life and Death.

Mother Cabrini, an Italian nun, who becameanaturalisedAmerican citizen, is a "natural" for any film company: her life was full of action, highlights and drama.

What more dramatic an end—from afilm producer's view, at any rate— could she have had than in dying as she did, on Christmas Evewhile filling stockings far poor children?

The film can show how she began her saintly career in her native Lombardy, met the future Pope Pius XI— whobeatifiedher in 1938—inMilanand discussed missionary affairs with him, and went to Rome to found works for thepoor.

It can show her living in London, atthe Sacred HeartConventatHonor Oak oneof the scoresofconvents,hospitals and other housesisheestablished asfoundressof the MisionarySisters of the Sacred Heart.

From London the film would follow her

to Chicago; into the homes of her fellow-exilesfrom Italy; into gaols. It can show her as an ardent film fan: she wasanenthusiastforpicture teaching from the daysof themagiclantern onwards. `

Living Evidence.

There is agreat wealthof document-

Moreover,thereare thousandsofpeople-10 ofthem all in the Honor Oak convent Who knew the Beata persow ally. Manyofthem,formerlypatients inherhospitals,canifdesiredgivethe filmmenthematerialforfirst-classstories about the kindly, saintly, energetic and humorous saint ofChicago.

Presentat47anonisatiea.

Only 47 years ago Mother Cabrini wasinSt.Peter'swhenPopeLeoXIII canonisedtwo other foundersof religious congregations, St. Peter Fourier andSt,AnthonyMary Zaccaria.

ThisfactisrecalledbyAbbotSmith, C.R.L.,inaprefacetoabookjustpublished—"Francis Xavier Cabrini;' bya Benedictine nun of Stanbrook Abbey. Abbot Smlth, too, was at that ceremony and met Mother Cabrini.

Londonerswillregard theBeatawith affectionwhen theyread whatshe said aboutthetas. Toher,Londonwas"the citywherekindnessand courtesyreign supreme."

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The Catholic tradition has been misunderstood for its encouragement of natural family life when the pagan world was preaching birth-control. For Catholics believe that in marriage the husband and wife have the privilege and responsibility of co-operating with AlmightyGod in theworkof creation. Hence spring their duties in the rear. ingofchildren. AndsoCatholicscan. not accept the opposite heresy now appearing, that the State takes the place of Almighy God in the bounty of creation. The wastage of war will not be made good by these material means.

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1,•••••I•gIp••IIIIII•U•I•

CENTRALCATHOLIC LIBRARY- 36 PIER STREET, PERTH

By "LAURI."

it home."—Carlyle.

"Good books add to the happiness of

AND BLACKTIIORNS. By ,Lim Phelan.

-

Tim Phelan's lrilsh peasants have already taken acorner for themselves in English literature. In this novel, the author tells the story of the"Emergency Men"—private armies at the beck and call of powerful landowners. The tern ,

.is little known outside Ireland but these two words whispered aroundtheIrish villages, can bring terror, hatred and rebellion to the hearts and hands—of the peasantry. Alongside the fierce and savage realism of the tragic peasant-story runs the thread of alove affair as wild and un% spoilt as the woods and mountain passes which are its background.

Anovel that will please our readers beyond doubt. ,lust placed in Library.

Another excellent books is "MASQUERADE," by Jane England (4/6).

For areallyentertaining inside story of the W.A.A.A.F.'s., read Patricia Massey Higgins'"TITEYSPEED THE F,AGIIEq" (10/6). It is prefaced with amessage by Alice Duchess of Gloucester, and its lively pages are heightened with exclusive photographs.

Some copies of avery old favourite Mary Agnes Finn's "MONICA'S TRIAL," are available for the Chil-

dren's Department (4/4. Here's a goodbook for theschool library, teachers)

Sets of Word Pictures children will pass many an hour with these attractive cut-outs. A problem solved for the kindergarten or the infants' classes. Madeup they makean excellent book for spelling lessons. Ask for asample (5d.set).

There are still anumber ofsubscrib• ers who do not know that they may have A NATIONAL' GEOGRAPIIICAL MAGAZINE with their Library books ... free of charge. Three years' supplies are yours for the asking. The world's most popular and instructive magazine.

Still afew copies left of the follow ing rapid sellers:

"A LITTLE HARVEST" (Dr. J. T. McMahon). 5s.

"BEHOLD NEW HOLLAND, "NEW HOLLAND HERITAGE," and "BEYOND t'OORALONG:" Rix Weaver'sbooksof WesternAustralia(10/6) G. K.CHESTF,RTON'SBIOGRAPHY, By Maisie Ward (£1/11/6).

"ATLANTIC MEETING" H. V. Morton.

,

IT SAW TWO ENGLANDS," By It. V. Morton.

"FAITH THE, ROOT."' Barbara Fleury. 8/-.

,"THEY ARE PEOPLE." Stories of \Tuns and Priests(24/-).

'THE YOUNG LINCOLN." By Esther Meynell.

Catholic Girls' Movement

Headquarters and Club Rooms:

Bank of N.S.N. Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7-10, First Floor. TELEPHONE: B4836.

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES.

MONDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. to 6.30 p.m.

Liturgy:8p.m.

TUESDAY:

Physical Culture: 7.8 p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m, to 6.30 p.m.

Dressmaking: 7p.m.

Arts and Crafts: 8p.m.

Red Cross, E.S.C.: 8p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS: 8a.m.

EXPOSITION all day.

BENEDICTION: 5.15p.m.

Choir: 8p.m.

RRIDAY:

Softball pracise: 5.15 p.m., on the Esplanade.

SATURDAY:

Kalamunda Busy Bee: 1.15 bus.

Tennis at Robertson Park: 2p.m.

SUNDAY:

Tenisat Robertson Park: 2p.m. Q

PROPAGATION OF THE FAITH.

At war's end there will be another story to be written in world history. Will it be astory of material progress only, or will it be astory of real pro , greys, of the realisation ofChrist's plan topreach the gospel to every creature, to show every man the only sane, the only workable way of life? We Christians must at least be as keen to preach die Gospel as thes manufactures of the world will be anxious to push their products into every corner of the earth's surface. It is the army of the Propagation of the Faith, the millions of people throughout the world who pray constantly and make tiny sacrifices who help to make the workof the missionary possible.

ARTS ANDCRAFTS.

Do you sometimes get desperate looking for agift that will be appreciated? We'll help youovercomethis worry ifyou come alongto the Rooms every Wednesday night at 8p.m.

E.S:C.GROUP,

The next meeting will be on March 14. As there is alot of important business to discuss, girls, do make a special effort tobe present.

OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES.

Doing anything on Sunday, March 11? If not, how about coming along to the Zoo, South Perth, about 2 p.m.,andjoiningusinsome tennis. We will be able to have afternoon tea a, the Refreshment Room and there11 be plenty to see in between sets: lions, tigers,etc. We will be meeting inside the grounds on the courts. If you're coming we would beglad if you would come up to the rooms one day and put yournamedownonthe list on the board.

The date of our next river trip has been altered from March 16 to(larch 22, and as it will probably be the last of the season we've let our heads go by chartering the s.s. Perth for the evening. So there will he music, dancing, etc., and all for 2s. per person. Tickets are now available at the rooms, and we suggest that you get yoursNOW, as there isalimited number.

DRESSMAKING.

Within the next couple of months anotherof our ten-weekcourseswill be commencing. Although the numb- , ofgirls required to fill this nextcourse have been obtained, those wishing to attend the following course shouldforward their names as soon as possible so that they may be placed on our waitinglist.

KALAMUNDA BUSY TREE.

There's plenty of work and fun to be had up in the hills these Saturday afternoons,girls. Sobringalong those old togsand gardening gloves. The bus leaves at 1,30 outside Government Gardens. You are probably, at this very moment,thinking to yourself, "I'd like togo,but Idon't know anyone." If so, dismiss the dismal (Continued footofnextcolumn.)

Catholic Writers' Movement

Australia-New Zealand University `EssayAwardSubject:HftafreBan".

The Australian and New Zealand bodies of the Catholic Writers' Movement are offering acash prize of 115 15s, for the best essay submitted by a Catholic student attending any Uni. versity in Australia or New Zealand upon the following subject: The Posi. tion of Hilaire Befloc in English Letters. In addition C.W.M„ Australia, offers aprize of£5/5/- for the bestof the essays submitted from Australia There will be three judges, one to ad. indicate uponNew Zealandessays, one upon Australian essays, and a third whose takk will be to select from the essays submitted to him by the regional judges the winner of the grand award. Each regional judge will sel• ect no more than three essays, and to oneof these he will award the regional prize. Awinner of aregional prize need not necessarily he the winner of the grand prize.

Summary of Conditions.

The following is asummary of the main conditions:(1) Student means anyCatholicstudentattendinganAus• tralian or New Zealand University in any fuculty, or doing any course, part coarseor single subject. (2) Entry is free. (3) The maximum length ofes. say is 6,000 words._ Essays must be typeddouble space on one side onlyof t',e paper. (4) Each entrant must state full name and address, an

dth e nameofhis Universityupon aseparate 1-4ce of paper, wb °

ch mostbe attached to his essay. (5) Closing date i AUGUST 31, 1045, or or before which essays(Australian) must be in the hands of the flon. Secretary, Box 15,50V, G.P.O„ Brisbane, Queensland. Full particulars ofconditionsmaybe had from theHon. Secretary above or from the Rectors and Rectres:es ofCatholic University Colleges, and from Secretaries of Newman Societies and other Catholic University bodies.

thought immediately. just come up to the Club Rooms at about 1 o'clock on Saturday, and meet the jolly crowd of girls who assemble therepriortocatching the busforMar. ian Lodge. Bus fares will be refunded on application to the office.

CANTEEN.

Y.A.L.—L.B.A. Group: February 27; March 24; April 18.

C.G.M. Group: March 15.

Town hall—L.B.A.Group: March 4.

Fremantle Branch

Room 7,Imperial Chambers, 45 Market Street.

•

CANTEEN SERVICE.

"By helping others we help oursel• yes.' That's just another old proverb but still holds good. At the present time we are hostessingthe Servicemen at the C.N.O. Canteen Parry Street, for one night in the'week— every Wednesday—and at the same time we can help ourselves by getting asmanyofourmembersalongon that night to do the job we are out to do and to do it well. How about it, members? Also, every fourth Sunday of the month there is plenty of scope for busy hands, as we help out in thekitchenwork. Sorallyto,girls, andalwayskeepyourWednesdayevenings free for Canteen.

CHOIR.

This activity,is held every Tuesday evening from 7-8 p.m. Our choir is pretty good,though we say it oursel• ves. There are others.who say it, too, and we'd like all those interested in singing to make aspecial effort to come tothe practice andhelpusreach thestandard we want to attain, aswe really mean to dobig things thisyear. The programme we now have in hand isaveryinteresting one, namely,Han. del's"Largo,""Intermezzo"from Cay. alleria Rusticana, "Gypsy Love Song" by Victor Herbert, as well as asele, tion of popular modern songs. With alittle more practice we are going to sing thesenumbersat the C.W.O.Canteen. Pat Hunter,our choir leader,7 will give you every help she can, and willmakeyoufeel verymuchathome,

-SUBIACOATHLETICS.

Brilliant performances by L.C.Y. Ten Championships Won and Records Broken.

Bill Cochrane Breaks Record in Mile.

Probably some of the best performanceseverseenintheBoys'Clubs Ath. Ieti swere witnessed(luring the cham . pionships held last week.

The day was ideal, though afair breeze possibly militated against better times beingestablished.

• The L.C.Y, lads were in great fettle , andintheheatsofthe 100yards,under the various ages, they were well satisfied with the results.

in the finals of the 100 yards, under 19, Bill Hodge and Ray Green got away with agood start, and led the field all theway. Itwas agreat race and run in the creditable time of 10.5 sCc. Bill deserves untinted creditfor his win, Ile has been keen on his training and has always striven hard with

the ambition to will that 100.

Roy Green, in runn

ing

second to Rill, and by beating Fox, of S.P.B.C. in that particular race, performed no mean feat and deserves great credit, J. I3erkery won the under 16 100 yards. A few days previous to the finals Jack had been ill, so to come out andcarry off thehonours certainly shows the grand spirit in the boy.

In the under 1 5 100

yards ,

J.Parker lost by afraction. We are to remember Jack has just turned 14, and had torace against boys about ayear above him. Ile ran his had eat inolun,which is good going. We der 14 representative.

The shot put, under 19, was won by Ron Birch. Ile threw the weight 36ft. 7§in, Ron has been striving for this win and deserves it.

J. Pitts carried the honours in

the high jump, under 14,

by clearingOft 6in. Jackiscapableofgoinghigher.

Terry Woodthorpe took tbk frst card in the high jump, under 16. He jumped nicely and wonat 5ft.3in.

A race.w

hich caused great excitement was the mile. I.T.Y. had hill Cochrane, John Sutherland and Jack Wolff. The boys set off at asmart clip. Sutherland led for the first lap. Bill came up later, also Barret, of Midland- Sutherland 3

rd. In the third lap Sutherland clapped on the pace, which drew Barret on. Bill Cochrane kept in good position, and on the back stretch pressed forward with Barret coming up close. In the straightitwasafightto thefinish,but Cill Cochrane won by afew yards with Sutherland third. The time established was arecord, 4.36 3.5. Sutherland istobecomplimented onhisex. cellent run right through. Ile drew the Midland hov out, and Pill Cochrane showed g

at fighting stamina all re through the race, particul,ar1, in the home run.

The No yards race provided the spectators withakeen race. PatHickey showed great spirit and stamina in this race. It is not an easy race to run, and Pat certainly ran it well. He carried the honours for L.C.Y. in the timeof lmin.43sec.

Living With the Church

MASS CALENDAR FOR THE WEEK.

March 4-ThirdSunday after Lent:

Mass proper. NoGloria. 2nd.prayer of St. Casimir. 3rd, prayer of St. Lucius I. 4th. prayer for peace, Creed. PrefaceofLent. Prayerover the people.

March5--Feria:

Mass proper. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer "A' cunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

March 6-SS. Perpetua and Felicitas, Martyrs: Mass "Meexpectoverunt." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer of the Feria. 3rd. prayer for peace. Tract. Preface of Lent. Last Gospel of the Feria.

-OR-

MassoftheFeria. NoGloria, 2nd. prayer of SS. Felicitas and Perpetun. 3rd. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

March 7-St. Thomas Aquinas, Confessor and Doctor:

Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of the Feria. 3rd. prayer for peace, Tract. Creed. Prefaceof Lent. Last Gospel of the Feria.

-OR-

Massof the Feria. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer ofSt.Thomas. 3rd, prayerfor peace. No Creed, Preface of Lent. Prayer over the peop!e.

March Bit.John of God, Confessor: Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of the. Feria. °rd, prayer for peace. Tract Preface of Lent. Last Gospel of the Feria.

-OR\fass of the Feria. No Gloria, 2nd. prayer of St. John. 3rd. prayer for peace. Prefaceof Lent. Prayer over the people.

March "t. Frances, Widow:

Mass "Cognovi." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayerof the Feria,3rd. prayer for peace. Tract. Preface of Lent. LastGospel of the Feria.

-OR-

MassoftheFeria. NoGloria. 2nd. prayer of St.Frances. 3rd. prayerfor peace. PrefaceofLent. Prayerover the people.

Marchl0-TheFortyHolyMartyrs:

Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of the Feria. 3rd.prayer"Acunctis." 4th, prayerfor peace. Tract. Preface of Lent. LastGospeloftheFeria.

-OR-

Mass of the Saturday, No Gloria. 2nd, prayerofthe Holy Martyrs. 3rd. prayer "Acunctis." 4th. prayer dor peace. PrefaceofLent.' Prayerover the people.

YOUTH AND PAGE.

Among theCathollic membersof the Polish Government are two Christian Democrats, Mr. Stanislaw Sopichi, who is the youngest, and Mr. B. Kusnierz, oneof the oldest members.

Mr. Sopichi, Minister of Reconstruction of Administration, is an author and journalist. From 1824 he worked for the Catholic Press, and hispublicationsinclude"Pacifism Polandand Germany," and "Defence of Poland." From1042hewasamemberofthePolish National Council in London.

He was also active in the Catholic Students' Association "Restoration," which took Pope Pius X's motto: "To restore'allthingsinChrist."

Catholic Social Guild

•

Ayoung worker laiddown the ham. mernvith which hehaddriventhefinal nail intothe pieceofworkonwhichhe had been engaged, straightened his back, moved slowly towards the door ofhis workship, passedout-and never came again. He who had been content to shape wood to the humble requirements of home and field would now shape men.

Christ during those early years of hislifegave totheworkersanexample of labour and sanctification.

To-day the apostolate of proletarian emancipation leads the way towards a just social order. The light of aresurrection day is seen already bright. ening the eastern sky.

However, let us keep before our minds the words of Canon Cardijn, founder of the Young Christian Workers' Movement: "Iam convinced that weareataturningpointinhistory.Religion must penetrate social, professional and family life to its roots, in order that life shall develop and become fully human and that the whole of Society be re-Christianised. Then there will bethe truerevolution. We have Catholic Action, the work of works, whicttwill notbemerely aplaster on awooden leg,butatrue renaissance, arenovation, aspiritual revolution.

There must awaken in each individual adeep and abiding change from the present mad seeking for excitement and pleasure to adeeper realisationofourduty toGodandourneighbour. It is through the Catholic Churchand througheach individual of that Church that this sanctifying revolution must come and re-Christianise the world. This, then, is Catholic

Action,whichmobilisesthewholebody ofthefaithful. ItaimsatChristiania ingprofessional andcommerciallife no less than industrial life. The Church is organisingevery social section ofits members for the penetration of their severalspheresofinfluence.

If preaching be not in accordance with the requiremeents of the situation,and it isnecessary tomakecloser contact with the world thanthepriesthood is able to do, can we trust to those laymen who in many walks of life could exercise awholesome Catholic influence.

The Guild offers men an avenue to develop and strengthen Catholic Action in this State. It isof no use to sit down and rant about what should be

done. We must rouse to aflame that spirit which lies dormant within us. The spirit which urges aCatholic to denounce false principles and to fight for those which will bring true peacetothe world.

To our shame we languish in our effortsand unconcernedlylook on at the devilish ingenuity of the enemies of the Churchto bringabout that

(le--;re power to upset all social order. You can help by assisting us in the circulation of Catholic Social Literature. Become an Active member. Write to the Secretary, 81 St. George's Terrace, Perth,

The Most Rev. Joseph Gawlina, Ordinary of the Polish Armed Forces, said in the course of arecent pastoral letter:"Why does one hear so seldom about Christian principles these last two years, which were so loudly proclaimed at the war's beginning?

.... Would it be justice if we had to surrenderhalfof our motherland in spite of the sacrifice of Warsaw and in ex. change for having been the first to stand for justice? Would it be right againto exposemillionsofPolestodeportation,fromwhichmorethanamillion of our brothers have not returned?"

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TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducation on modern lines in all branches of study. The pupils are prepared forallexaminations. TheSchool is beautifully situated between Ocean and River, in extensive grounds, with fine playing fields and private Swimming Pool in River. Telephone: F2135. Apsly- MOTHER SUPERIOR.

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CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS. Catholic boys recommended onthescore of character by their Pariah Priest, and ready to commence atleast Sixth Standard or arrival, can be now enrolled for commencementin February, 1946. Application should bemade at once. Acceptanceduring 1945 is nolonger possible. For Particulars Apply to-THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

CHSIST£AR BROTHERS,MT. HENRY. ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A.

Relay races were exceptionally exciting. L.C.Y. won the under 19, under 16 and under 15: Under 19 in 36.5sec., under If), in 34.7, and the under 15 in 35.5.

Next week's"Record" will have the results of the final day.

FAREWELLTHE FEBRUARY.

February is nearly finished. As a parting gift it may bestow £2.000 of quick money on you. Get aticket to-day in the No. 215h Charities Consultation. First prize

is 12,000.

Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Heaters. Stocks of Paints, Varnish. Calcomins. Hassell's Stores, Perth,.. B6307.

Mr. Kusnierz, abarrister, was for manyyearsbeforethe war particularly interested in the Polish cooperative movement. He has worked for this and for the Christian Trade Union ;Movement. From 1943 he has been chairmanoftheChristianLabourParty Club in the Polish National Council. During this war he served with the Polish Carpathian Brigade in Egypt.

AQUINAS COLLEGE

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FOk BOARDRRS AND D1Y STUDZIITS. BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS. Beautifully Situated, overlooking the river, near the new Canning Bridge. For Particulars apply to-The Principal, Aqufan College, CanniniParade,Mt.Henry

... If the Churches Healed their Unhappy Divisions!

IstheChurch'sExclusiveness&IsolationtheRealObstacletoReunion?

Basic Question Hinges Round the Seat of Authority in Christendom

By VERY REV. CANON J. P. ARENDZEN, D.D., Ph.D., M.A.

"In this hour of extreme danger for Christendom from Communism, Nazism, Liberalism and Indifferentism, there is not areal Christian man or woman who does not long for the reunion of all the churches.Think what the strength of Christianity would be if the churches healed their unhappy divisions and were united1 If each denomination could only put its pride in itspocketand shakehandswith its neighbour,forget the fierce antagonismsofthepastfor thesakeofahigher good,acknowledge its errors of former times in search for the highest truth—mankind wouldreturn toChrist to be saved by Him. Forgive me, Father, Imean no offence by saying it: Your Church isone of the greatest obstacles to universal reunion by your strange exclusiveness,its proud isola. tion from all other Christians."

The priest thus addressed looked gravely but kindly on the face of the speakerand said:

"Well, Sir, supposing the Roman Church did as you wished—put its pride in its pocket and spoke as follows: For two thousand years almost Irigidly maintained that you could trust me—trust me as you could trust Christ Himself—for whosoever listened to melistened to Him as the promise in the Gospel runs; but now I also confess that Ihave erred and taught you many things that are not true. You can trust me no longer, for Ihave mixed error with the teach. ings of Christ. Iam but a falible teacher and you have no guarantee that all my-

doctrines are true. I humble myself in the dust before you. Irepent of the arrogant claim which. Imade in the past and Iown it is false. Ihate no right to pose as the

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infallible guide leading you to Christ —no more right thanany others that claim topreach Christ. They are fallible; and soamI. Theyhaveerred; so have I. They have mixed error with truth;so have I. Christleft on earth no trustworthy'teacher to proclaim All He taught. He left us all to our individual opinions. There is no divinely appointed leader in Christendom. In sackcloth and ashes I confess that Iusurped a place that was not mine."

"Suppose,dear Sir that the Roman Church spoke in this wise, what would be gained?

"Would it be astep towards the reunion of Christendom? The immediate result wouldsurelybeacry ofexe. cration and despair from the bulk of Christendom? So you, too, have steadily lied to us for centuries with aproud and monstrous claim! Your repentancecomes toolate; youledus, your wretched dupes,intoamarsh out of which no one can" extricate us. Which of your doctrines are true ant which are false, you cannot tell us— you self-avowed muddled and deceiver! Your repentancecomes too late. Ifyounowtakeyourseathumblywith other preachers as fallible as yourself what good is that to me? They all quote texts at me, but they are at completevariance as towhat theyprecisely mean, and none have more to give me than opinions—opinionswhich maybe wrong. You have joined the bench of fallible judges—what good is that to me? Ihad hoped that some. where in Christendom Christ had left avoice that could speak in His name. Ithought that voice was yours; but now you have faltered too and all Christendom isbankrupt.

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If Rome did as you wish,the only possible outcome would be the greatest apostasy from Christ that history hasever known. Hercertainty is not pride;it is the consciousness that Christ is ever with her. She rests in the truth ofChrist's words:'To me is givenallauthority in heavenandupon earth, and to Ishall be with you till the consummation oftheworld.' She yearns for the re-union of Christendom with all the vehemence of divine charity. She regards the present disunion among those who claim the nameof Christian as an unspeakable calamity and unutterable evil. She would remedy it at any cost—except the denialof Christ. Forherto deny her divine mission and Christ's pledge would be to deny Christ. Shecannot doit. Yousee Sir, youhaveatotally different conceptionof the Church; your very use of the plural--churches —betrays astandpointcompletely and fundamentally at variance from her faith.

"When (we Catholicssay, in the Apostles' Creed,'I believe in the Holy Catholic Church,' we really mean it. Webelievein itinthesamewayaswe believe in the other-articles of the Creed;

in the same way as we believe in the Trinity, the Incarnation, the Atonement and Life Everlasting. When, therefore, we speak of the reunion of Ohristendom,we can only mean the return of our separated brethren to the Church ofChrist.

"I do not know, Sir, what Christian doctrines you hold; butImayperhaps take it that you believein the Blessed Trinity. Now.supposing someone approachedyou with therequesttoaban. don the doctrine of the Trinity for the sake of including the large body of Unitarians in your scheme of reunion. After all, the Unitariansclaim the title of Christian, and assert that they are followers of Christ. Why should they not be included? What would your answer? Would you be prepared to sacrifice your belief in the Trinity? Perhaps you will indignantly answer:'Of course Iwould not! I would hold it as my own conviction. but Iwould be tolerant to others.' Quite so,but wouldyou considLr them as fully and truly Christian as yourself—so that the profession or the denial ofthe Trinitywoldbeequally permissible in Christianity? If so, then yourconviction is after all only apersonal opinion, which may be right or wrong,but is certainly not fundamental to Christianity."

"But our belief in the Catholic Church is not amere opinion. It is our faith—our faith as , much as our faith in the Plessed Trinity. Is is essential to our faith—we believe that God revealed it and that we have the duty to accept it. TheChurch for us isnotatheory, notanabstraction,but aliving reality. It is the mystical body of Christ, which to reject would be to reject Christ. Through lack of knowledge non-Catholics may not be guilty in this rejection; but we Catholics,towhom God hasgiven theknowledge of His divine revelation, would commit grievous sin if we daredto rejectit; or if we professed itonlyas an opinion which might be sacrificed for thesake of others whoclaimthe name ofChristian."

BARERAND PASTRYOOOK, ETO. WEST ROAD,RMICIRDEAN.

"What practical suggestions can we Catholics offer to further the re-union of Christendom? Our suggestion is twofold. First, thatin alldiscussions about the faith all anger and passion be scrupulously avoided and no argumentsbe advanced exceptthose touchingthe truthorfalsehoodofadoctrine. During the Reformation great crimes were committed, both by those who called themselves Catholics and those who called themselves Protestants. These crimes we ought all to regret and be deeply ashamed of. But the crimes committed in the heat of the conflict between the adherents of the Old Religion and of the New are in themselves no argumentsfororagainst thetruth ofarevealeddoctrine.There. fore let us not waste our time in recriminations,which rouse wrath and darken counsel. We should only con-

sider soberly and calmly: Is this true orisitnot: has Christrevealedthisor has Henot?

"Secondly, we must begin with the beginning—the first of all questions Is that of the seat of authority inChris tendom. Is ihere anywhere an au. thority which all Christians should aocept—be it an individual person, or a number of persons in council, or the majority of the faithful,or aparliament ofreligions,or whatever maybe away to truth established and guaranteed byChrist? If nosuchauthority, instituted by God, exists, then Christianity would indeed be in abad way. Reuniononamerefalliblebasis is not worth having.AChristianmust be convinced that Christ has provided an open,simple way to truth in His religion.

The basic question—the only question—is:"Where is it?"

The Crux of the Matter

There is something even more importantfor Great Britain than the Sovietalliance,andthatisthegoodname of that country, its reputation in the world, All theprospectsof creatinga new international organisation depend upon there being anucleus of agreed principles inspiring confidence in the countries which are not the greatest but which together make up thegreat majorityofmankind. Ifourprospects againsttheGermansare to-daysovery much brighter than they were in 1940,' itisbecausenvehadin 1940thecourage to go on calling evil evil, however strongthematerialpoweritcouldcommand. Westoodfor somethingwhich men everywhere, even in the ranks of ourenemies,wantedtoseeprevail.The wholebasis of the American assistance which from 1940 onwards came to sus. tainusmorallyandmateriallywaspossiblebecauseofthenatureofourcause. The Atlantic Charter was not ameaninglesspieceofrhetoricbutaprofound piece of statesmanship.

Theplaintruthonwhich Mr.Churchill could not dwell is that no Polish Government can surrender territories inreturn foraSoviet signatureorpro- . mise and expect to be supported by Polishopinion. The reasonis that all thePoleshaveseen, twice infiveyears, themostsolemn agreementstornupby the Russians when it suited them to do so. Many such agreements, both inside and outside the League Covenant, were repudiated by the Soviet in 1939. The agreement which General Sikorski made in November, 1941, was kept through the eighteen months of Russianweaknessanddangerandrepudiated so soon as the Soviet fortunes had changed for the better.

When the Polish statesmen,both in M. Mikolajczk's Cabinet and in M. Arcfszewski's,consult the Polish Under• ground movement about the Curzon Line, the Underground always come backwith themostpertinentquestion: "What sort of guarantee is proposed that, if thissacrifice is made, the rest of Poland really will be independent?" And it is the crux of the trouble that the Soviet assurance by itself is not enough,

Lund

Ma

TeGustibus"and the"Therries"

Sir,—It was with asense of great disappointment that Iread"De Gus. tibus"'letter inlastweek'sissue. That heshouldreply to my letter of protest againstwhat Iconsideredtobeavery unjust criticism was natural enough; but that he should have thought fit to bring the discussion downtosuch a poorlevel was asunexpectedasit was astonishing to find in"The Record." As an example, what had his oblique referencetomy musicalactivitiestodo • with adiscussion on the Therry Society's performance of "Quality Street"? Furthermore, what can he mean by saying "I cannot pretend, however, that the attack has developed from an entirely unexpected quarter"? Ihad no idea who "De Gustibus" was, and absolutely no connection with the Therry Society whatever. This statement with its insinution is unwarranted,and a case of downright discourtesy and deliberate rudeness.

Ishould not be found having any further discussion with him in these columns, were it not for the fact that he has made use of his reply to continue the attack upon the Therrys. Nly first letter was only written be. cause of asincere conviction that an injustice had been done to anew Catholic Society, and for no other tea. son. Had Inotwritten, someone else would have done. if"De Gustibus" had restricted himself to the excellent programme of "Sound and fair criticism of manifestations appearing in our cultural life," Ishould have had nothing tosay. Of the originalcriticism of"Quality Street, but one-third was

devoted to the play, the rest was an attack on the Therry Society's"ap• preach to the public."

"The Record" is the official journal of this Archdiocese, therefore aresponsible paper, apublic journal as far as Catholics are concerned, aprivate one tothe rest of the community. It expresses the official opinion of the Church on religious anti social Clues tions. Much of the matter incorpor. ated in its columns is, of courseindifferent, but it is not always possible to disregard the Catholic aproach even in these.

gentle opinion that bears no signa. ture."

In my letter Iwas most careful to concede to"De Gustibus" every point that Icould, because of asincere and friendly appreciation of the"Discrimin. ations" page's worth. Ihad hoped that if your contributor should have anything tosay about my letter that the same standard would have been adhered to. What do Ifind? Ifind that he seizes upon my condemnation of hiscriticism as being "devastatingly severe and discouraging,' as amatter for great glee, and apparently enjoys himself like an irresponsible juvenile bull in achina shop. He proceeds forthwith to place himself in the company of certain celebrated denunciat. ory critics, whomhistory hagonlynoticed because they attackedamanwho proved to be very great, and whoare now remembered for having made fools of themselves. It would benice to think that something similar could happen over this affair, but I don't suppose history will bother over. much. In any case, your contributor has overlooked, or is unaware of the fact, that in those days the musical worldeverywherewas dividedintohos. tile groups,whose opinions were as partisanasthebarrackingatlocalfootball matches.

Then,afterproclaiminghishighaims and lofty denunciations of all compromise and hypocrisy, "De Gustibus" proceeds to make an emotional appeal by pointing how nobly the Therrys refrained from themselves making any audible complaint, although an "adequatemediumof reply liesattheir dis• posal:" Ido not find that statement so very honest, as everybody knows that if the criticised write back, they lose every shred of dignity. It is rather like certain statements made on the persecution of the Church in Spain and Germany by the Reds and Nazis respectively. They pointed out that the clergy had certain rights which the),

could exercise, but said nothing the armed hooligans that waited round the corner if they dared use them.

ido not need "De Gustibus" to tench me the usefulnessofhealthy and evensevere criticism,butallthe rights claimed, find responsibilities disclaimed, byahost of celebratedcritics, does not abrogate the claimsof justice and Charity. Encouragement does not exclude criticism, nor does criticism exclude encouragement. To criticise publically every little flaw with harshness, at the same time giving no recognition to what is good or promising, is asin against Justice and Charity acording to the Catholic standard, ArthurSymonsand ahostofothers to the contrarv. it may well have been "De Gustibus " personal opinion that there was nothingin the Therry's performance about which any good could • besaid,and possiblyheconsiders them to be among the people"who need to be definitely discouraged fortheir own sake as well 1s the c.•mmunity's." If so, he has aperfect right to his own opinion; but when it is given awide rublic dissemination, iustice demands that amore t!ian ordinary attention shouldbe drawn to the fact that it is only one man's opinion. George Bernard Shaw says: 'Acritic should con. ' stantly keep his reader in mind of the fact thathe is reading only one man's opinion, and should take itforwhat it is worth:' Percy Scholes, an eminent writer andhistorian,quotes acelebrated German critic who says: "After Courage, love of Truth, and discretion, the critic's greatest moral requirement is arecognition of the subjectivity of all judgments, even with the greatest striving after objectivity." Mr. Scholes goes further, and says all criticism should be signed. Properly looked at, the most downright signed article is more modest than an expression of

Thisbrings me to amoregrave matter. The most serious part of "De Gustibus'"attack is upon the Therry's approach to the public, which Ithink can be fairly typified by the pro. gramme which he finds.offendsagainst "good taste." In fact, he seemstoad. dress alittle homily to the.-Church in generalon this subject. Let me state ,suite clearly, and authoritatively that the Therry Society, with all its objectivesandparticular mode ofapproach, is approved of by the Church authorities, and official opinion is that they should be encouraged in every way.

Ifind it rather sickening that the non-Catholic feats (notable for his pagan ideas) should be held up in a Catholic journal as an authority for us tofollow in regard to ourapproach to the world around us. In reply to hisdictumwhich "DeGustibus"quotes, viz:"Only that which does not preach, which does not teach, which does not try to persuade, which does notcryoutatus isfinallyirresistible," letmequotethai militantCatholic,St. Paul. Writing to St. Timothy (Chap. 4, verses:and 31

,he says"Preach the word, be instant in season out of season: reprove,entreat, rebuke in all patience and doctrine. Pot there shall be atime when they will not endure sounddoctrine; but, according totheir own desires, they will heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears..

Finally, Iwould gladlyexchangethis writer's expression of magnanimity for alittle politeness. His condescending expression of weariness with an argument (whichItoohave verygood reason to realise will Ile fruitless) causes me to think that he has forgotten, or does not include in "his standard" ordinaryChristian courtesy,—fours, etc., (REV.) ALBERT E.LYNCH.

Sir,—Alluwnne to sav, with apulugies to Dr. Johnson, that Ihave notieed the foolish and impulent letter from "Est Disputandum: if for no other ea>un, it deserves to l.c noticed asan cxtraOrthnary example of theextentto which one ma

ystret,h"the wide chaLitv of Christ: Iurea 'ay. hUlye'ier, that Iconrider it i- strctrhing it abit too far when one re>u's to duwnrig'rtt dishonesty in an etf.•t to score a point. Iamfeferring to the matterof "Pride and Prejudice." Your correspundent hulas to make me look small by showing up m}- ignorance of the date of this work. In his eagerness to confound me, he ws,erts that lane Austens novel was flourishing in 1796. The truth is that the book was begun in October, 1798, was not finished until August, 1797 and was

not published .until 1513. Queen Victoria came to the throne in IS37, If"Est Disputan• dum" can tell me of any significant changes that took place in women's fashions between 1513 and 1837 1 should be bored stiff to hear of them; Ishould be greatly interested, though to learn that human nature change(] between those years, or that atype of girl who wasflourishing at thecloseof the 18th. -

century was non-existent forty or ahund•ed and forty years later. Actually, of course, when I made reference to"Pride and Prejudice" in my write-up of the Therry Society's production of"Quality Street," Iwas referring not'to the book but to the film; and Iwill maintain against all comersthat the type ofsociety por. trayed there was the type which is commonly known as"`•'ictorian" This is an easy reference word for everylwdy—except "Est Disputandum," who would have apparently preferred me to use the phrase "in a1711(•7 setting:"

adding

the '"tof gwbbling indulged in by your correspondent gives agood line on his mental make-up and enables one to form areliable estimate of the worth of his own critical faculty, appearing in such sentences as:"The elusive charm of Barrie was captured as much by the carQ and skill of the actors a: by the infectious spirit of pleasant people at apleasant occupation." later on he admitsthat there was an absence of high-seriousness about the Therry production,andadds,"but that is scarcely afault in acomedy." I have yet to learn that in the theatre from the production point of view a comedy is not as serious abusiness as

atragedy. As further standpoints for valid criticism we are told by "Est Disputandum" to have regard for the numIer of nicecomplimentsthatwere passed after the show by members of the audience and also to remember to be chivalrous about the ladies. I need not take up space pointing out the absurdity of such criteria, beyond remarking that it doesn't seem to have occurred to "Est Disputandum" that an audience normally show's its appredation during, not after, a performance.

Iam grateful for the-lesson on the conventions of the curtained stage. When planning my pink and gold bedroom Imust remember to incorporate a15 x20background of neutral black. Iought to get away with acouple of pink tooth-brushes as asufficient suggestion of colour. Your correspondent's letter is an amazing document in many respects as truly remarkable for its repeater} faux ')a5

as for its persistent undertone of personal invective. With regard to the remainder of the homily (Concluded on Page 18.)

Mr.andMrs,RogerLund,whowere married at St.Brigid'sChurch, West Perth, on August 5, by the Rev, P. Kelliher. The bride was formerly Miss Nance Maloney.

A

HIGHERAND HIGHER."

„

As this'film is the first to be shown in Perth'inwhich thecelebrated Frank Sinatra croons several songs, Idecided after much deliberation to go and see just what "The Voice" is really like.

Wben Sinatrasings in America young womenare reputed to swoon (Inever had such luckI) or fall into light screamsand yelpsof ecstasy. His impact on the girls of this fair city is still to be noted. Idid not observe anyone swoon at the session Iattended, but acompassionate matron, two seats away, did remark to her companion thatthe poor fellorw looked tmdernourished. Immediately in front of me aslightly bald male critic appeared to be dozing lightly at one stage in the play. Of course he may have Been pretending out of jealousy. Actuallyitwasonly by accident that I discovered Sinatra was in this film. Advertising men in the film industry in this State at least have not been veryanxious toplay up Sinatra inany film in which hemay appear.

Evide0tl-t% the demonstrations seem. ingly inevitable, which occur at the screening of his films in other cities have made them rather cautious. In "Higherand Higher" there has been a most obvious and rather painful attempt to'"build up" this idol of the bobbwsox brigade, as about every five minutesorso"The Voice" is turned on the helpless audience. Ido not wish to make much comment on thehighly controversial sbject of Crosby v. Sin. atra.• Ihave no unbounded appreciation of any crooner, but Ido think that Crosby has amore pleasant and virile personality, a greater musical range and quality, and infinitely more varietyinthepresentationofhissongs.

It was sad to see Michele Morgan, after her brilliant work in "Joan of Paris." starred in this flop. Leon Errol, ahard-working and usually capable comedian evidently found the Sinatra presence too dampening, and he could not save the film. Jack Haley, acomedian about as funny as arthritis strove valiantly also with the poor script, but, alas! in vain.

The supporting film was "The Curse of the Cat People." Mine was added within ten minutes. This was, too much on top of the Sinatra slop, and sobbing quietly Iwas assisted from the theatre by akindlyusherette.

AMATEUR ACTING.

Ihave been much reviled of late for my strictures on the smug atitude of too many people towards the amateur drama—as if this were an art in its own right. Ihave had the taunt thrown at me that Icontinually take my standards from the professional sirens' of Hollywood ,among whom, presumably, is to be counted Greer Garson and the entire list of British players who have wedded the art of thelegitimate stage tothetechniqueof celluloid. Lt the hope of appearing more patriotic Ihave turned for my reading this week to aBritish publication,"The Amateur Stage," asympos. ium by people of note in the theatre; and Ihave come across an article by Flora Robson„ entitled"Amateur and Professional Acting." Iquote from this article without further comment:

"Comparisons need not always be odious. At firstsight it may perhaps seem alittleunkind tocompareprofessional and amateur standards in the art

of acting—an art which, perhaps more than any other, depends for its successful practice on experience and thenmoreexperience—unlessone were, by some paradox orother to do so to the benefit of the latter. But this need notnecessarily be the case. The professional player feels no jealousy of his amateur brother or sister: in fact, as Ishall try to show later on, the theatre even owes -

adebt of gratitude to the amateur movement, and all sin. cere and thoughtful actors and au• thornrecognise this. Ishould be very sorry indeedif anyamateur who reads this bssay should find what Ihave to say disheartening, for certainly that is not whatImean tobe. If Ihave to say—as, in common honesty, Imust— that there aresomevery importantaspects of the art ofacting in which ,

the amateur notonlycannot rival butcannotevencompetewiththe professional, that does not mean that amateur act. ing is not'worth while.' Of course, in the old days when "amateur theatricals" weresomething only one degree removed from charades, when—since nobody took the trouble to learn theirlines—theprompterwas the most important memberof thecast, andthe audience camemainlytoseehowsweet Cousin Jane looked in one of Great Grandmamma's crinolines or what a spectacle Mr. Smithers of the Bank made of himself got up in kilts as the Duke of Killiecrankie, it would have

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been simply invidious to compare this innocent fun twith the serious work of Henry Irving and Ellen Terry. But those days, it seems, are past. The present generation of amateurs insists, and quite rightly so, on being taken seriously, At the competitive festivats.held regularly in all parts of the country distinguished critics, authors and producers are invited to stand up and tell'the players what they think of them without fearor favour. More wonderful still, these outspoken critics are neitherassaulted norsued for libel as aresult of what they say. (Ibe. lieve, as amatter of fact, that one of themwasoncehiton theheadwith an umbrella by a disappointed tragedienne; but Iam sure that was an isolated instance.) On the contrary, the modern amateur player, taking his or her work as seriously as though it mightlead to aHollywoodcontract or a'stage knighthood, profits by any advice that is constructive, however bitterapill itmaybe to swallow. That is why Ifeel justified in drawing a comparison which may at first sigIn seem alittle unkind.

"Acting, of course, is something that everybody in the world has either tried, or would like to try, to do. It begins in the nursery and the instinct of it stays with us through our whole lives. Sometimes the instinct is so strong and backedby so much perseverance and sincerity that it lands its ownerfinally on the professional stage. Sometimes it is weak, or perhaps has been weakened by circumstance and surroundings, and so gets no further thanasecret beliefthatwe could have given a wonderful performance as Lady Macheth if we had ever gone in for that sort of thing. But it is always there, presentineveryone of us. One hears of people becoming doctors, lawyers, or even politicians,just to please their parents or for some such outside reason; but Ido not think anyone ever became aplaver except out of love of playing. That, no doubt, explains the fact that whilst amateurs of the other arts either struggle eventually into the ranks of the ppofessionals or are never heard of, amateur actors and actresses are willing or rather eager to have their work judged by the public."

—DE GUSTIBUS.

CATHOLIC LITERARY REVIVAL. (No. 2.)

Some weeks ago I threatened to cover briefly the Catholic literary revival in England, and to say something about several books which have been featured on the city book stalls lately. Tightness of space, unfortunately, has prevented this, but Iam still determined to go through with it, even if"De Gustibus" has to desist from his attempts to give the Therry Society apublicity build-up(they will have to take theTownHallnext time) and "Groucho" to refrain-from these enthusiastic eulogies of Hollywood to which acorrespondent in the Letters to the Editorpage last week referred.

Idu not intend, however, to treat the subject this week, but rather to say afete wordsby wayof re-introducingit. IspeakoftheCatholicliterary revival in England, because it is Lnglish letters which affect us most. Nevertheless we cannot afford to neglect, for example, the powerful Catholic writers of France—men of the type of Leon Bloy and Paul Claudel, to name but two—anymore than the work of Jacques Maritain can be overlooked in the field of modern philosophy.

Nor do Iwish to speak of Ireland partly because Eire's influence has not been very marked to date. The best known Irish writers of the century, such as Yeats and Shaw, have been Protestants. The Irish influence in late years, however, is rapidly gaining weight, particularly in the field of the novel, the drama, and the short story. In fact the Irish contribution in many fields tends to be neglected in Australia more than it should be. If we raise the subject of modern physicists we may be pretty certain that most peoplewill have heardof Einstein and his theory of relativity, but fete Australian physicists know of Alfred O'Rahilly's book of able criticism concerning it. Their ignorance is as abyssmal as the self-confessed ignorance of alocal professor of philosophy on the subject of scholasticism, a

strangeadmission tobemadebysome. one-whodevotesoccasional portions of his spare time to taking the pulpit is various city churches.

In passing,it may be noted that the lack -

of aphilosophy is what is wrong with agood deal of our Austrailan lit. erature. It is not so much that it is bad literature—though it is undeni. able thatalot ofthe more recentstuff is: Thegrimnessofmuchofourearly Australian literature particularly is also partly understandable coming as it does from influences like the nostal. gia of the Irish and other emigrants, the hardships endured in the raw back country, and over it all the strange melancholy of the bush, which cat:into aman'ssoul. Butto takea more modernwwork—a popular volume of Gavin Casey's short stories,"It's Harder forGirls." It cannot be called arepresentative reflection of Australian life at all. Much of the work is almost immoralin its sordid pessimism, though some of it is good and well-written. This isthe sortof thing that has to be tackled sharply. It may be truethat theimported noxious weed of adecadent city culture is stranglingourlifeatitsbirth, but it is not the whole truth, and hopelessness is not the answer to it. Such an attitude must not be allowed to impregnate our literature, even' if it means thatwehavetostirpeople outof thorr torpor first. The whole point of Gavin Casey's work is that it lacks a philosophy. This is not typical of all Australian literature, of course, though it predominates in the writers hrom,,

11f up in the Leftist tradition. There is still much humour left in the Australian character, and writing—the Abori. ginalities Page'in the "Bulletin," to take one example at random, is proof enough of that. Yet in a limited µay this very feeling of futility is a good thing, because it is evidence that our Australian writers have retained their realistic outlook -

on life..nd thatthepicturetheypaint,evenifitis exaggerated, isareproduction of much thatgoeson aroundus.

Icannot risk continuing this theme, however, without getting even much farther away from myoriginalsubject. Suffice it to say that it is tobe hoped that in timein Australiaewe may have more Catholic writers infusing a breath of freshness into our literature. They were there in the past, although their Catholicism was not particularly marked. Men like Paul Grano are here to-day.— Still, unless more attention is paid to Catholic literature .

,in ourCatholicschools, wecannotbe surprised if we find that people consider that Milton's Paradise Lost, or Worry worth Ode on the Intimations of Immortality, or even Rupert Brooke's Tell England are the greatest religious poems since William Langland wrote Pier's Plowman.

—THE MOOCHER.

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Pope's Xmas Broadcast

Christian Ideal of Democracy

Most Remarkable of Holy Father's War-Time Utterances

The Christmas broadcast of His HolinissPopePiusKU.,whichisgivenhere in full, is undoubtedlythe most remarkable of the Pope's war-time utterances andalandmarkin Papal social teaching. His Holiness examines the problem of democracy in the modern world. ''The democratic form o1 government (which admits of various forms and can be realised in monarchies as well asrepublics) appears to many," says the Pope,"as apostulate of nature imposed by reason itself." The Holy Fathergivesan exposition of avital and fundamental distinction between "the people" and "the masses." The masses, according to the Pope's definition and analysis, are "the capitalenemyof true democracy and its ideals ofliberty and equality"

For the sixth time since the opening of the dreadful war, the Christmas liturgy again hails with these words, re. dolent,of peaceful serenity, the coming into our midst of God, Our Saviour,

The humble, mean cradle of Bethlebem, by its wonderful charm, focusses the attention of all believers. Deep into the hearts of those in darkness , affliction and depression there sings and pervadesagreatfloodoflightand 1o

Headsthat werebowedliftagainserenely, for Christmas is the feast of human dignity,"the wonderful exchange by which the Creator of the human race, taking a living body, deigned tobe bornof avirgin and by His coming bestowed on its His divinity"(first antiphon of first vesper for the feast of the Circumcision).

Butour gaze turnsquickly from the Babe of the Crib to the world around us, and the sorrowful sigh of John the Evangelistcomes toour lips:"and the light shines in darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it" (John, first chapter,firstverse).

Sixth War-Time Christmas.

For alas, for the sixth time ,

th e Christmasdawnbreaksagainonbattlefields spreading ever wider, on

graveyards where are gathered the remains of victims in ever-increasing numbers, on desert lands where afew tottering towers tellwith silent pathos the story of cities once flourishing and prosperous, and where bells fallen or carried off no longer awaken the inhabitants with their jubilant Christmas chimes.

They are so many silent witnesses to denounce this blot on the story of mankind which, deliberately blind to thebrillianceof

Hun Who istheSplen• dour and Light of the Father, deliber• a

telystrivingfrom Christ,has descended and fallen into chaos and into the denial of its own dignity.

Even the little lamp is out in many majestic temples, in manv modest chapels, where before the tabern a

cl

eit had shared theswatchesof the Divine Guest over aworld asleep. What de. solation! Whatcontrast! Can there then he still hope for mankind?

Bl es

Progress Towards Peace.

sed be the Lordl Out from the mournful groans of sorrow ,

from the very depths of the heart-rending anguish of oppressed individuals and countries, thereIrises an auro of hope.

posals for asolid and lasting peace; undoubtedly one may well discuss the worth, the feasibility, the efficacy of this or that proposal; judgment may' well be suspended in their regard, but it remains nonetheless true that the process has begun.

Moreover—and this is perhaps the most important point—beneath the sinister lightning of the war that en , compasses them, in the blazing heart of the furnace that imprisons them, the peopleshave, as it were,awakened from along torpor. They have assumed. in relation to the State and those who govern, anew attitude— one that questions, Criticises, distrusts, popular government.

Taught by bitter experience, they are more aggressive in opposing the concentration of dictatorial power that cannot be censured or touched, and call for asystem of Government more inkeeping with thedignityand liberty of the citizens. These multitudes, un• easy, stirred by the war to their innermostdepths, are todayfirmly convinced—at first, perhaps, in avague and confused way, but already unyieldingly—that had there been the possibility of censuring and correcting the actions of public authority, the world would not havebeen dragged into the vortex of adisastrous war, and that to avoid for the future the repetition of such acatastrophe, we must vest efficient guarantees in the people itself.

In such apsychological atmosphere, is it to be wonderedat if the tendenev towards democracy is capturing the peoples and winning alarge measure of consent and support from those who hope toplay amore efficient part in the destinies of individuals and of society?

Itis scarcelynecessary torecall that, according to the teaching of the Church, "it is not forbidden to prefer temperate, popular forms of govern• ment, without prejudice, however, to Catholic teaching on the origin and use of authority," and that "the Church does not disapprove of any of the various fbrms of government, pro• vided they be perse capable of secur. ing the good of the citizens" (Leo VIII: Encyclical"Libertas," June 28, 1888).

Problem of Democracy.

and can be realised in monarchies as well as in republics, two questions come up for our consideration: First, what characteristics should distinguish the men who live under democracy and ademocratic regime? Second, what characterisation should distinguish the men who hold the reins of government in ademocracy?

To express his own views of the du• ties and Sacrifices that are imposed on him; not compelled to obey without being heard—these are two rights of the citizen which find in democracy, as its name implies, their expression.

Fromthe solidity,harmonyandgood results produced by this between the citizens and the Government, one may decide which democracy is really healthy and well balanced, °

and what

is its life energy and power of expansion.

If, then, we consider the extent and nature of thesacrificesdemandedof all thecitizens, especially in ourdaywhen theactivity of the State issovast and decisive, the democratic form of government appears to many as apostulate of nature imposed by reason itself. The People and the Masses.

The masses, on the contrary, wait for the impulse from, outside, an easy plaything in the hands of anyone who exploit!: their instincts and impressions; ready to follow in turn, to-day this flag, to-morrow another.

From the exuberant life of atrue people, an abundant rich life is diffused in the State and all its org:.ns, instilling intottem, with avigour that isalwaysrenewingitself, theconsciousness of their own responsibility, the true instinct for the common good.

Enemy of Democracy.

The elementary power of themasses, deftly managed and enployed, the Statealsocanutilise; in the ambitious hands of one or of several who have been artificially brought together for selfish aims, the State itself, with the support of the masses, reduced to the minimum status of amere machine, can impose its whims on the better part of the real people; the common interest remains seriousiv, and for a long time,injured by this process, and theinjury is very oftenhard toheal..

Hence-followsclearly another concluelon: the masses—as we have just defined .

To an ever-increasing number of noble souls there comes the thought, the will, everclearer andstronger,to make of this world this universal upheaval, astarting point for anew era of farreaching renovation, the complete re. organisationof theworld. Thuswhile thearmed forcescontinue toengage in murderous battles with weapons ever more deadly, the statesmen, responsible leadersofnations;meet for talks, for conferences, to determine the fundamental rights and duties on which should bebuiltacommunity of States, and toblaze thetrail towards abetter future, more secure and more worthy of Amankind. s

tran

ge paradox this, of awar whose bitternessbids fair to reach the limits of paroxysm,and of the notable pro

If, then, on this feast day, which commemorates both the benignity of the Incarnate Word and dignity of man (both in its personal and social aspects), we direct our attention to the problem of democracy, examining the'forms by which it should be directed if it is to be atrue, healthy democracy answering the needs of the moment, our action shows clearly that the interest and solicitude of the Church looks not so much 'to its external structure and organisation — which depend on the 'special aspira. tions of each people—as to the individual himself, who, so far from being the object and, as it were, amerely passive element in the social order, is in fact, and must be and continue to be;its subject, its foundation and its end.

Given that democracy taken in the broad sense admits of various forms.

Well,however, people call for"democracy and better democracy," such a demand cannot have any other meaningthan to place thecitizenever more in the position to hold his own personal opinion, to express it and to make itprevail in afashion conducive to the common good.

Hence follows afirstconclusion with its practical consequence, the State does notcontain in itself and doesnot mechanically bring togetherin agiven territory ashapeless mass of individulas. It is, and should in practice be, the organic and organising unity of aread people. The people, and ashapeless multitude (or, as it is called, "the masses") are Iwo distinct concepts.

The people lives and moves by its own life energy; the masses are inert of themselves and can only be moved from outside. The people lives by thefulnessof lifeinthementhat compose it, each of whom—at his proper place and in his awn way-;, aperson consciousof his own responsibility and of his own views.

them—are the capital enemy of true democracy and of its ideal of libertyandequality.

In apeople worthy of the name, the citizen feels within him the consciousness of his personality, of his duties and rights, of his own freedom joined to respect for the freedom and dignity of others.

In apeople worthy of the name all inequalitiesbased not on whim but on thenature ofthing's, inequalitiesofculture, possessions, social standing— without, of course. prejudice tojustice and mutual charity—do not constitute any obstacle to the existence and the prevalence of atrue spirit of union and brotherhood.

TrueLiberty andEquality.

On the contrary,;ofar from impairing civil equality in any way, they giveit itstrue meaning—namely, that, before the State, everyone has the right to live honorably his own personallife in the place and under the conditions in which the designs and dispositions of Providence have plan ed him.

(Continued on Page 16.)

gress made in aspirations and pro-

Established 1874.

Official Organ of the Archdiocese of Perth

Addressallcommunicationstothe Editor,Boa A35, G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH.

e

TELEPHONE: B6950.

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1945.

Murder of aNation

Public reaction to the Polish "settlement" has been very interesting. Of greatest importance is Mr. Churchill's report oil the Yalta Conference, matte aftertheunusual coarseof meeting his junior and senior Ministers in his private room in the Commons. A4r. Churchill's remarks on Poland and all that tile\- implied must have had the inevitable effect of making some of his staunchest supporters, who have hitherto hailed him as the great leader in the war of liberation, wonder where he is Icadiug them. His speech gives vague outlines of aforeign policy, which, if followed, can only lead tothecollective suicideof Eurole. All thepromises and eulogies of the glory and bravery of Poland are ominously forgotten. For the Polcs seem to be, not at the end, but at the beginning of their martyrdom. They are now forced to accept worse terms than Britain urged them to reject front Hitler in 1939. r » r

In the.nieanwhile the Poles haveseen their country devastated and the wholesale massacre of their population, The Battle of Warsaw in 19-14 was abiggercalamity than the Battle of Warsaw in 1939. Yet nil•. Churchill is desperately anxious to deny that he has made "aquestionablecompromise"or yielded toforce and fear. He has the effrontery to term his betrayal of our first and most valiant Ally "broad justice," and to reiterate the ideals of Poland's 'reedoni, independence, integrity and sovereignty which the political and military facts so clearly repudiate. There is agreat deal made ofhis reliance in Mashal Stalin's solenin declarations. What willliesav if Russia findsitnecessary to offer l•uniania "protective custody" j0

His juggling overtheacceptance of the Lublin gang and the status of the legitimate Polish (;ovcrnment-

in Lon,

)en is pitiable and nntyorthy of the man who knows Coil)1111111 forwhatit is

Bernard Shat\ was ca rly it) the lists, and his description of the Crimea Conference decisions as "the most impudently incredible. fairy talc that ever ainu>ed aifd kept (luit,t the pact: of children we lmliticall\- arc." is only 'it)()

tillhappiIy apt. flis view must rellcct than of many Englishmen of all political creeds who are united in their concern for the national honour. Shatt•'s prop- . hecv. too.[oust lind:ui echo in roan\- minds. "There are other Lublins and other Londons, and there will be snore of their. .Marshal Stalin will he for Lublin every tine, and what Stalin says is so far the voice of

destiny." Finallv, tilt ,

Cathodic Hierarchv of Scotland voice; the moral protest of all Christendom: "We cannot and we do not believe that the British nation trill atithorise or

perinit its alectcd representatives todeliver into the bondageand slavery of agodless and totalitarian State an Allied Christian nation of 35,000.(10souls. Thedecisionsareablow between the eyes to the people of the Enipire which voluntarily runt to tt•at-

tohonour the pledge to defend Poland against aggression. We believe it our solenin duty to warn His Majesty's Cabinet against what appears to be participation in the murderofanation."

WANTED.

The Christian Brothers of Fremantle, require the services of a Housekeeper and Cornpanion. Duties embrace preparation of meals, kitchen management, cleansing of house. Accommodation and time off facilities liberal. Apply Superior, Christian Brothers'College, Fremantle. 'Phone L1903 for appointment.

Young couple,to be married shortly(awayallday),wouldlikesmallfurnished Flat or Room,with own kitchenette:goodlocality;handytotransport. Apply "A. C.," this office

IRISH NATIONAL FORESTERS

By request of the committee conducting the annual Irish National Concert, in conjunction with the St. Patrick's Dav Celebration,which is being held in Ilis Majesty's Theatre on .March 1S the appearance of the winners of the Open and Juvenile Traditional Irish National Step Dancing Championships of W.A., which will be decided at St. Patrick'sHall Fremantde on St.Patrick's night,is under arrangement.

SPECIAL COURSE OF LENTEN SERMONS.

The course of 1_enteu Sermons at St. Mary's Cathcdral,tt•ill be continuer(by Rey, Father

J. Sexton, C.SS.12•, on Sundayevening, Marchd.

ST. PATRICK'S DAY

Solemn High Mass, in St.Macv'sCa. thedralat9.30a.m.onSaturday,Jlarch 17, will mark the spiritual celebratio n of St.Patrick's Day. His Grace the Archbishop will preside.

The annual St. Patrick'sDay Con. cert will be held in His Majesty's Theatreon Sunday,March 18,at8.45 p.m.

Catholic Broadcasts

Sunday,March 4 (lot. Sunday of the +month):

MissaCantata from St. Mary'sCathe. dral. The preacher will be an Oblate Father, The Choir will sing aPoly. phonic Mass (unaccompanied),"Orbis Factor" (Vittoria). Credo No. 4and the motet."Ave Regina Coelorum" (Suriano), at the Offertory.

Sunday,March25 (7.90p.m.,6WN):

Broadcast of Evening Devotions from the Cathedral. Preacher, aRe. demptorist Father.

The Catholic Answer:

Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Sta. tion: 6PR anc, tiTL.

PLAIN CHANT PROGRAMME FOR 1945.

Mass No, 2(Foesbonitatis), Credo No. 3, Ave Verum Panis Angelicus, m,

AveMaria,Tantu Ergo No.3,Adoremus No.15, New Benediction Manual(Sir Richard Terry), or No. 2Gregorian Manual (Dom S. Moreno, O.S.BJ.

When the Japanese captured the Philippines in 1942, two Communities of Redemptorists were engaged there on Missions for the people—one at ilaclaran,in Manila, the otherat Lipa, in Batangas,south bf Manila. In all the personnel consisted of 11 Fathers and4Brothers.

The meagre information available indicates that most of them were first internedand then released. Some lettersreceived through the RedCross towards the end of 1943 stated that they were still at liberty. When the Am. erican forces approached the Philippines the Fathers were again interned.

The Sydney "Iforning Herald," on Saturday, February 10, publishedadispatch from its Manila correspondent announcingthatamongother

Australians liberated from Los Banos internment camp (not.far from Lipa) were Fathers W. Cruice, P. Deane L. English, A. Gygar, C. McCarthy, G. O'Donnell, F. Sexton. C. Taylor, F. Walsh, and Brothers Joseph Byrne and Fran. cis Best.

Father P. Hurley and Brother Alexander McCeagh (New Zealanders) are presumed to have been liberated also from Los Biinos. Aradio mess. agefrom FatherCosgrove said that all are safe and well.

Father F. J. Cosgrove, born in Ire. land but resident in Sydney for 20 years, and Brother Charles O'Brien were treated as neutrals. Father Cosgrave was resident at the De La Salle College. In the ruthless savagery of aJapanese attack at the College on Monday. February 12, Father Cosgrave narrowly escaped death, having been bayonetted twice above theheart.Two or three corpses were thrown on top ofhimand hehimselfwasleftasdead. When the inspections of the Japanese officers ceased, Father Cosgrave and ahandful of survivorscrawled to shelter behind the High Altar, There they remained with scarcely any food or water till 5p.m. on the following Thursday,when they were rescued by American soldiers. Most of the Fathers and Brothers,ifnotall, will be evacuated to Australia in the near future. Meantime information is awaited of the fate of the two Monasteries, and of prospects for the future Misisonary work of the Fathers in the Philippines,

Cot Arcobt'0460

AROHBISHOP'SENIOAOZMZNTS.

March47.30 p.m.: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at Church of the Holy Rosary, Nedlands.

March 11—

Morning: Confirmation at Sacred Heart Church, Mount Barker.

Afternoon:Bless extensions to St. Joseph's School,Albany.

-Evening:Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church,Albany.

February27-

9a.m.: Preside at SolemnHighMass and afterwards officialy open First Diocesan Conference of-the National Catholic Rural Movement' at the Redetpptorist Monastery, North Perth. March 17 (St, Patrick'sDay)9.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High Mass atSt.Mary'sCathedral.

March18:

12.30 p.m.: Attend Celebrations in honour of St.Joseph at the Little Sistersof the Poor.

8.30 p.m.: Attend Annual St. Pat. ricks Day Concert, at His Majesty's Theatre.

March 19-

9.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High AfassatSt.Kieran'sChurch,Osborne Park, on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee of Ordination of Rev. A. Langmead.

8p.m.: AtendAnnual Meetingof the Holy NameSociety at Christian Bro. thers' College,St. George'sTerrace.

March 25 (Palm Sunday) : 11 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral. Sol• emnlyblesspalmsandpresideatSol. emnHighMass. -

7.30 p.m.: Confirmation and Visita• tion atOur Lady Help of Christians Church, East Victoria Park.

March28 (SpyWednesday)7.30 p.m.: St, Mary'sCathedral, Pre• side at Office of Tenebrae.

March29 (HolyThursday)8.45 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral, Pon ..tificate.

7.30 p.m.: Preside at Office of Tene• brae.

March90(GoodFriday)-

10 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral. Pre sideatMassofthe Presanctified. 3p.m.: Attend Stations of the Cross 7.30 p.m.: Preside at Office of Tenebrae.

March 31(Holy Saturday)8.15a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral. Preside at Solemn High Mass. April1(EasterSunday)— ll a.m.: St.Mary'sCathedral. Pon tificate.

HOLIDAY RESORTS

MASS TIME TABLE.

Cottesloe: Sundays: 7a.m.; 10 a.m.

North Beach: S.15 a.m.; every Sunda}- until further notice.

Rockingham: Sundays: 9a.m.

Scarborough: Sundays: 8a.m.,

Elegintt

ofMarg,dries

On Sunday,-March 25, the Perth Legionaries will gather in St. Mary's Cathedral at 3p.m.. to renew their pledge:"Iam all thine, my Queen,my mother, and all that Ihave is thine." It is hoped that every legionary, both auxiliary and active,will forego any and every other engagement on that afternoon and will let nothing prevent them from attending at the Cathedral.

This function forms an integral part of the Legion system,and if we wish to be good legionaries we will look on attendance at the Acies as one of our most important duties.

Wednesday,February28,1946.

It seemed an unhappy coincidence that the celebration of Red Army Day should have corresponded with "Pravda's" attackon the RadescuGov ernment in Rum

ania. The summary of the article published in the press was horribly familiar. Apolitical crisis was brewing, po

pular efforts to"democratise" the country and liquidate all vestiges of the Antoneseu regime and carryoutreforms hadcome up against the Radescu Government's undecided and often undemocratic policy. The Government bad been unable to es-

a.m. and holy Rosary on Monday, Tuesday,.Thursday and Saturday evenings. t

Legion of AllyCuria, Officers of the Legion are reminded that Curia avill meet on Wednesday evening, March.

d#irh' Club."

After being in recess for the holidays, activities recommenced last week. The girls have now elected their own committee, comprising, Miss Bernice Kelly (president), Miss Nance Doogue (vice-president), Miss Dorothy Kelly(secretary )

tablish asolid order by

tic measures. It clings to power and collaborates with the Fascist elements of Antonescu'sregime," said thearticle. "Theshadowofcatastropheloomsover Rumania and Soviet public opinion cannot watch disinterestedly this struggle between the democratic elements and the Fascists. It is not only aRumanian internal affair because Hitlerite Germany has not yet been crushed"

All thissoundedextremely similarto the Nazi propaganda which preceded the gobbling up of so many countries Europe. In factitfacts oftletheacase dup- licate copy.

` came out three days later, when the Rumanian Prettier stated that" less and godless people led byAnna Panker and the Hungarian Lukas (Communist) started the trouble throughout Rumania in attempting to establish areign of terror under the mask of democracy." It is the old , old story. Rioting in Bucharest and other Rumanian towns has been followed by charges from the "rational Democratic Front" accusing the Premier of mass murder, etc. in

people ofthe world are being Prepared exactly the same way as Hitler used to prepare them for the Soviet to step in and "restore order:"

0f

whichbrings me to Red Army Day and the hysteriaof thelocalCommunists in its celebration. Nobody is concerned to deny the worth of the Soviet Army, but it is not the only valorous body of fighting men in the world. It is too often forgotten what the Soviet owes to its Allies for the arms andstores, without which its Victories would hale been impossible. And, of course, Soviet military victor* ies no more prove the va

lue

-of the Russianpoliticalandideologicalsystem than the astonishing resistance of the Germa p r

oves the validity of Na- ns tional Socialism, Ihave never heard that aman was any the braver for being aCommunist.

Yetthelocal Communists were exhorting people through the Press to "send awire to Uncle Joe:" It is to he hoped that such familiarity will not lead in the end to con t

em

pt. It might easily enough if Uncle Joe hasn't any more balance than his worshippers in t

his country. IncidentalIv,it wouldIreinteresting toknowhow main• of the telegrams sent to the Soviet Legation. Canberra, tool: the opportunity of protesting to Uncle Joe about the Polish tragedy.

But perhaps Tam expecting too much. The craven devotion ofCatholics towards the Pope and their snivriling acceptance of his Tnfallihility is well known and aired in Communist quarters. But I'll het Uncle Toe

4 DEATHS

could show the entire Papal lineage clean heels at five furlongs. Never was man so blindly, adulatingly fawned upon, never was doctrine so uncritically swallowed despite complete inner contradictions as the person and the preaching of Uncle Joe Stalin by our little brethren the Reds.

Chief among these Pooh-bahs is a Perth clergyman, known to the read. ersof Saturdayevening's"Daily News" as"The Padre: According to the title of his columnthe Padre "speaks." This is not quite as impressive as "Roma locuta est; causa finita est." for the Padre's chief expression seems to be "yes, athousand times yes ,

"to everything Russian and Red. Celebrating Red Army Day in his own sportive manner, the Padre reached the rarer heights of fatuity by his claim -

"It is one of the ironies of history that the people who have been

4======= FRANCIS G ILB E RT

most vilified as enemies of Christianity and opponents of all that is deem• ed good have done more than any other group of peoples to save those very things from destruction."

'Idon't think all this Red puffin

g gets very far,andIcertainly don't believe it helps to raise Russia's prestige among thinking people. If the Padre is really sincere inhis belief that Rus• sian Bolshevism isChristian in its very core, it would certainly explain thedecline of Protestantism in this country. Or again, why does the Padre keep pretending that the explanation of the Russian successes is Communism, when everyone knows that the Party representsonlyabout2percent,ofthe population and that it is more exclusive than the Weld Club. Furthermore, no one has ever vilified the Russian people as enemies of Christianity.• Their leaders tried to make them so until someone Nvoke them up to the facts of life. Ido wish the Padre would read some reliable Rex. Sian history.

`v'

banker isas elusive as Wells' Invisible Man. It's no use kicking your local bank manager. He is small fry in. deed—the servant of the servants of Mammon. Whether or no one agrees with the increasing schools of money reformists, it is happily true that the averagemanisto-day awareingeneral terms of the banking hoax, and whatever tears he may have had to shed in the dim past, he is not prepared to shed them now. The banks' repentance is too late.

KALGOORLIE

Annual General Communion of Golds fieldsMen

The annual general Communion of Goldfields men will be held on the second Sunday of March at St. Mary's Church at7o'clockMass.

This big feature of the Catholic year on the'Fields is organised under the auspices of the Holy Name Society, butallCatholicmenare invitedtojoin whether members or not.

The annual (lmmunion breakfast will be held in St. Mary's Hall immediately afterwards, during the course of which an address of special interest will be delivered by Air. E. M. Heenan, M.L.C. Devotions for Lent.

,Miss Minnie Dorizzi (treasurer), and Miss Margaret Robot. tom.

The successful monthly dance, inaugurated last year, will be continued and also amonthly social in conjunction with the Boys' Club.

Xavier Boys'Club.

Members of XavierClub have been meeting for the past month. Several new faces were noticed on Sunday evening.All boys whohave left school are invited to attend. The popular supperisquite anattraction after several hours of energetic games.

Quarterly 2lommunion of H.A.O.B-S.

Attendance was very fair on Sunday morning.

The commercial room of the Australia Hotel, Kalgoorlie, presented avery happy scene on the night of February 2when the friends of Mr. and Mrs. Mack Dillon acceptedthe invitation of their daughters, mi ss

es Mary and Peter Dillon, to celebrate the silver wedding of this very popular couple.

Mr. and Mrs. Dillonhave been residents on the Goldfields for the past 17 years, and during that time have endeared themselves to all who have had contact with them.

O'LEARY.—Of vour charity, pray for the soul of Daniel John O'Leary, of Walgoolan, dearly loved father and father-in-law of Eileen and Les Bar. nett, and grate , Bri Brian. Bernadette,, Bar

ba

Dorothyra, Kathleen andRest:Man.inPeace.

O'LEARI'.—Of vour charity pray for therepose ofthe soul ofDanielJohn O'Leary, of Walgoolan, died January 26 dearly loved father and father-in. law of Mollie and Justin McCarthy, grandfather of Sheila nard, Kevinand Dierdetaofe57'ArBmeo- e wily, Nedlands.

Rest in Peace.

•I• IN MEMORIAM +

PIANTO—In sad but loving memory ofour dear wife and mother, who passed away on February 27, 1935.

R.I.P. Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy onhersoul.

—Inserted by her sorrowing husband,sonsand daughters, Menzies.

The tempoofthe banks' propaganda against the Governments proposed financial legislation is mounting to a nice pitch. But it seems to me that their main contention is amost disas. trous admission regarding their own doings. They warn the people that "once possessed of control of the economiclifeofthe people, they(the politicians) will dominate the political side also." The man who holds the purse will call the tune. Now isn't that exactly the supreme argument against banking being retained in the hands of private individuals? In the past asmall group of men has clutched

its ajealousand avid graspthe control of credit, which is the life-blood of the economic order. They could engineerbooms and slumps.Theywere the friends of the rich, and they could and did bring Government- to heel whenever it suited them.

Furthermore, Ican see no objection to politicians"dominating" the political side of life. It's not that Itrust politicians overmuch, but at least one does know who is responsible for the muddle. The politician can be pelted asheleavesthe House and thrownout of office at the next election. But the

The Stationsof theCross are held as special Lenten Devotions every Wednesday, Friday and Sunday evenings at 7.30 Daily Mass is celebrated at 7

Mr. Bob Miller made avery able chairman, while the delightful supper was in the capablehandsof Mrs. S. J. Gilbert. The beautifully decorated bwo-tier cake, which held pride of place, was also the work of Mrs. Gilbert. During the evening Mr, Percy Johnson sang,"We CameaLong Way Together." Thiswasaveryfittingbeginning for the many speakers, whose remarks were proof of the regard in which Mr. and Mrs. Dillon and their tM•o charming daughters is held on the Goldfields.

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As against this picture of the democratic ideal of liberty and equality in apeople's government by honest and far-seeingmen,what aspectacleisthat ofademocraticStateleftto thewhims of the masses:

Liberty, from being amoral duty of the individual, becomes a,tyrannous claim togive free rein to aman's impulses and appetites to the detriment of others.

Equality degenerates to amechanical level acolourless uniformity; the sense oftruehonour, ofpersonal activity, or respect for tradition, of dignity—in aword all that gives life its worth—gradually fades away and disappears.

And the only survivors are on the one hand, the victims deludedby the specious mirage of democracy, naively taken for the genuine spirit of demo. cracy, with its liberty and equality, and on the other, the,more or less have numerous exploiters, who ha known how to use the power of money and of organisation, in order to'secure a privileged position above the others, and have gained power

Real and Affective Authority.

The democratic State, whether it be monarchical or republican, should, like any other form of government be en. trusted with the power to command with realand effectiv: authority.

The absolute order itself of beings and purposes, which shows that man is an independent person—namely, the subject of inviolable duties and rights, who is the source and end ofhis own social life comprises the State also as anecessary society endowed with au'hority,without which it could neither exist norlive.

And if men, using their personal liberty, weretodenyalldependenceon asuperior Authority possessing coercive power, they could by this very fact cut the ground from under their own dignity and liberty—by violating,

Lope's Broadcast

(Continued from Page 11.)

that is, the obsolute order of beings andpurposes.

As theyare established on thissame foundation, the person, the State, the Government, with their respective rights, areso bound togetherthat they stand or fall together.

And since thatabsolute order, in the light of right reason, and in particular ofthe'ChristianFiith,cannothaveany other origin than in apersonal God, our Creator it follows that the dignityofmanis thedignityofthe moral community willed by God, the dignity of political authority is the dignity deriveding from its sharing in the authority of God.

tGod and Democracy.

No form of State can avoid taking cognisance of this intimate and indissoluble connection—least of all ademocracy. Accordingly, if those in power do not see it, or more or less discountit,theirownauthorityisshaken, as is social morality, and that spe. ciousappearanceofapurelyformaldemocracymayoften serveasamark for all that is in reality leastdemocratic.

Only aclear appreciationof the purposes assigned by God to every human society, joined to adeep sense of the exalted duties of social activity, canputthoseinpowerinapositionto fulfil their own obligations in the legislative, judicial and executive order with that objectivity, impartiality, loyalty, generosity, and integrity without which a democratic government would find ithard to commandtherespect and the support of the better section of the people.

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The deep sense of the principles underlying apolitical and social order that is sound and conforms to the norms of right and justiceis ofspecial importance in those who in any kind ofdemocratic regime have, as the peo. ples delegates, in whole or part, the power to legislate.

And once the centre of gravity of a democracy normally set up resides in this popular assembly from which political currents radiate into every field of public life—for good or ill—the question of the high moral standards, practical ability and intellectual capacity of parliamentary deputies is for everypeople living under ademocratic regime aquestion of life and death, of prosperity and decadence, of soundness or perpetual unrest.

Select Men.

iTo secure effective action, to win esteem and trust, every legislative body should—as experience shows byund doubt—gather within it agroup ut select men, spiritually eminent and of strong character who shall look upon themselves as the representatives of the entire, people and not the mandatories of amob, whose interests are often unfortunately made to prevail over the true needs of the common good—aselect group of men not restricted to any profession or social standing but reflecting every phase of the people's life; men chosen for their solidChristianconvictions,straightand steady judgment, with asense of the practical and equitable, true to themselves in all circumstances; men of clear and sound principles, with sound and clear-cut proposals to make; men above all capable, in virtue of the authoritythatemanatesfromtheir untarnished consciences and radiates widely from them, to beleadersand heads especially in times when the pressing needs of the moment excite the people's impressionability unduly, and render it more liable to be led astray and get lost; men who—in periods of transition, generally stormy and dis. turbed by passion, by divergent opin. ions and opposing programmes—feel themselvesdoublyunder theobligation to send circulating through the veins of the people and of the State, burn. ing with athousand fevers, the spiritual antidote of clear views, kindly interest ajustice equaly sympathetic to all, and abias towards national unity and concord in asincere spirit of brotherhood.

Politics and Ambition.

Peoples whose spiritual and moral temperament is sufficiently sound and fecund, find it themselvesandcanpro duce the heralds and implements of democracy, who live in such disposi tions and know how effectively to put them into practice.

But where such men are lacking, others come to take their places in order to make politics serve their ambition, and be aquick road to profit for themselves, their caste and their class, while the race after private interests makes them lose sight of completely and jeopardise the true common good.

Asounddemocracy,basedontheimmutable principles of the natural law and revealed truth,will resolutely turn its back on such corruption as gives to-the State legislature an unchecked and unlimited power, and, moreover, makes of the democratic regime, notwithstanding an outward show to the contrary, purely and simply aform of absolutism.

State Absolutism, Stateabsolutism (nottobeconfused, as such, with absolute monarrby, of which we are not treating here) consists in fact in the false principle that the authorityof theState is unlimited and that in face of it--even when it gives free rein to its despotic aims, going beyond the confines between good and evil—to appeal to a higher taw obliging in conscience is not ad mitted.

ence. lint this majesty of positiv e law is only inviolable when it conforms--or at least is not opposed—to the absolute order set '

tip

by the Crea. tor and placed in anew light by the revelation of the Gospel.

It cannot subsist except insofar as it respects the foundations on which human personality rests, no less than the State and the Government. This is the fundamental criterion of every healthy form of government, including democracy. It is the criterion by which the moral value of every par. ticular law should be judged.

Democracy and MoralMaturity.

We were anxious, Beloved Sons and Daughters, to take the occasion of Christmastide to point out along what linesademocracy befitting human dignity can, in harmony with the law ofnature andthedesignsofGodasmanifested in Revelation, secure happy results. Indeed, We are deply convinced of the supreme importance of this problem for the peaceful progress of mankind.

ButHealsorealise the exalted claims that thisformofgovernmentmakeson the moral maturity.of the individual citizen; amoral maturity to which he could never hope to attain fully and securely if the light from the Cave of Bethlehem did not illumine the dark path along'whichthepeoplesare going forwardthrough the stormy present to. wards afuture which they hope will be more serene.

UnityofMankind.

But how far will the representatives and pioneers of democracy be inspired in their deliberations by the conic. tion that the absolute order of beings andpurposes,.which He have repeatedly spoken, comprises also, as amoral necessity and the crowning of social development, the unity of mankind and ofthefamilyof peoples?

On the recognition of this principle hangs the future of the peace. No world reform, no peace guarantee can abstract from it without being weakenedandwithoutbeinguntruetoitself.

If, on the other hand, this same moral necessity were to find its realisation in asociety of peoples which succeeded in eliminating the struc-. tural defects and shortcomings of. former systems, then the majesty of that orderwould regulate and inspire equally the deliberations of that loci. ety and the use of its instruments of sanction.

For thisreason, too one understands why the authority of such a society must be real and effective over the member States, in such wise, however,. thateachof them retainanequalright to its own sovereignty.

Only thus will the spirit of sane•democracy be able to pervade the vast and thornyground of foreign relations. Warsof Aggression.

There is aduty, besides, imposed on all, aduty nvhich brooks no-delay, no procrastination, no hesitation,'no subterfuge: It is the duty to do everying to ban once and for all wars of aggression as legitimate solution of internationaldisputes and asameanstowards realising national aspirations.

Manyattempts in this direction have beenseen in the past. Thepall failed. And they will all failalways, until the saner section of mankind has the firm determination, the holy obstinacy, like anobligation inconscience,tofulfilthe mission which past ages have not undertakenwith sufficientgravityand resolution.

If ever ageneration has had to appreciatein the depthsof its

conscience the call:"War on War," it iscertainly the present generation.

Having passed, as it has through an ocean ofbloodandtearsinaformperhaps never experienced in past ages it has lived through indescribable atrocitieswith anintensitysuch thatthe recollection of so many horrors must remain stamped in its memory, and eveninthedeepest recessesof itssoul, like apicture of ahell against which anyone who cherishes asense of humanity desires more than anything else toclose the door forever.

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Aman penetrated with right ideas about the State and authority and the powerthathewields asguardianofsocial order, will never think of derogating the majesty of the positive law within theambit ofitsnaturalcompet-

The decisions already published by international commissions permit one to ocnclude that an essential point in any future international arrangement wouldbe theformationofanorganfor the maintenance of peace,of an organ invested by common consent with supreme power, to whose office it would almostpertain tosmotherin its (Contined on Pagelb.)

Wednesday,February28,1916.

germinal state lily threat of isolated or collective aggression.

No one could hail this development with greater joy than he whohas long upheld the principle that the idea of war as an apt and proportionate means of solving internationalconflicts is.now out of date.

No one could wish success to this common effort, to be undertaken with aseriousness of purpose never before known with greater enthusiasm, than he who has conscientiously strivento make the Christian and religious men. tality reject modern war with its monstrous means of conducting hostilities.

Unquestionably the progressof man's inventions, which shouldhaveheralded the realisation ofgreater well-being for all mankind, has instead been employed to destroy all that had been built up through the ages.

But by that very fact the immorality of the war of aggression has been madeevermore evident. And if nom-

, to the recognition of this immorality there is to be added the threat of a judicial intervention by the nations and the chastisement inflicted on the aggressor by the society of States, so that war will ahvav-

be subject to the stigma of proscription, always under surveillance and liable to preventive measures, then mankind, as it emerges from the(lark night in which it has hen so long submerged, will he able to hail the dawn of anew and better era ofits history.

Conditions of Peace Settlement.

But only on one enndition—namely. that thepeace settlement which should be strengthened and made more stable by mutual guarantees and, nvhere necessary, economicsanctionsand even armed intervention, should not give definite countenance to any injustice. does not imply any derogation of any right to the detriment of any nation (whether it be on the side of the victors, the vanquished, or the neutrals), and does not impose any perpetual burden, which can only be allowed foratime asreparationforwardamage.

That

any peoples, to whose Government—or perhaps even partially to themselves—the responsibility for the war is attributed, should have for a time to undergothe rigoursof security measure until the bonds of mutual trust, violently broken, should be gradually nvelded together again, is quite understandable from ahuman point of view, and in practice will in all probability be inevitable.

Nevertheless, even these peoples must have awell-founded hope—commensurate to their effective collaboration in the work of reconstruction —

of bei n

g able, together with the other States with equal consideration and with the same rights, to be associated with the great community of nations.

To deny them that hope would be the reverse of far-seeing wisdom, it would be to assume the grave responsibility of barring theway to ageneral liberation from all the disastrous consequences, material, moral and political, of the gigantic cataclysm m-hich has shaken the poor human family to its very foundations, but which, at the same time, has shown it the toad to new goals.

Stern LessonsLearned.

N\'e will not renounce Our confir)cnce that the peoples, who have all passed through the school of suffering will be able to retain the stern lesons learned.

And in this hone we are strengthened by the words of men who have had agreater share in the sufferings of the war and whohave found generouswords to express,together.-with the insistence on their own need of security against any futureaggression, their respect for the vital rights of other peoples and their aversion to any usurping of those rights.

It would be vain toexpect that this sage judgment, dictated by the experience of history and ahigh politirnl sense, should be—while.men'sspirits are still burning white-hot—generally accepted by public opinion,orevenby the majority.

Hatred and the impossibility of mutual understanding have given rise in peoples that have fought against each other, toamist toodense tohope that the hour has already comewhen aray of light may shine out to clear the tragic panorama on either side of its dark wall.

World Solidarity.

than the people think,when both sides realise that, allthingscon,idered, there is only- one way of getting out of the meshes in which ,

war and hate have wrapped the world—namely, areturn to the solidarity, too long forgotten, asolidarity not restricted to these or those peoples, but universal, founded on theintimateconnectionof theirdestiny and rights which belong equally to both.

No one certainly thinks of disarming justice in its relations to those who have exploited the war situation in order to commit real and proven crimes against the common lxw, and for whom supposed military necessity could at most have offered apretext, but never ajustification.

But if justice prdsumed to judge and punish notmerely individuals but even whole communities together, who could not see in such aprocedure a violation of the norms which guide every human trial?

The People'sDestiny,

At atime when the peoples find themselves with duties such as perhaps they have never met before in the course of their history, they feel deeply in theirtortured hearts the desire, impatient and almost instinctive, to take the reins of their destiny in their own hands with inure independ. ence than heretofore, hoping that thus thev will find it easierto defend themselves from the periodic invasions of violence which, like aboiling lava tor. rent, spares nothing of all that they hold sacred and dear.

Thank God,onemaybelieve the time has passedwhen the call to moral and Gospel principles to guide the life of States and peoples was disdainfully thrustasideas unreal.

The events of these war years have given ample evidence to confuse, in a harder way than one could ever have imagined, those who spread such doctrines.

The disdain that they affected towardsthis supposedunreality hasbeen changed into stark reality: brutality, iniquity, destruction, annihilation.

TheiChurch and Democracy.

If the future is to belong to democracy, an essential part in its achievementwillhavetobelongtothereligion of Christ and to the Church, the messenger of our Redeemer's word which is to continue His mission of saving men. For she teaches and defends supernatural helps of grace in order to actuate the divinely established order of beings and ends which is the ultimate foundation and directive norm of every democracy.

By her veryexistence, the Church risesbefore theworld as ashiningbeacon to remind it constantly of that Divine order. Her history reflects clearly her providential mission. The struggles, rtvhich, coerced by the abase of )raver, she has had to sustain in defence of her liberty given her by God, were at the same time struggles for man's true liberty.

The Church has the mission to announce to the world, which is looking for better and more perfect forms of democracy, the highest and most needed message that therecan be: the dignity of man, the call to be sons of God. It is the powerful cry, which from the'.clanger of Bethehem to the furthest confines of the earth resounds in the ears of men at atimewhen thatdignity is tragicallylow.

The holy story of Christmas proclaims this inviolable dignity of man with avigour and authority that cannot be gainsaid—anauthority and vigour that infinitely transcends that which all possible declarations of the rights of man could achieve.

Christmas, the Great Feast of the Son of God Who appeared in human flesh, the feast in which heaven stoops down to earth with ineffable grace and benevolence, is also the day on which Christianity and mankind, before the Crib, contemplating the "goodness and kindness of God our Saviour" become more deeply cot1sciousoftheintimate unity thatGod has established between them.

We do not wantto close this Christ. mas message without addressing a word ofheartfelt gratitude toall those —States, Governments Bishops and peoples—who at this time of and misfortunes have let Us valiant aid as We hearken to the cry of suffering which reaches Us from so many parts of the world,and give ahelping hand to so many of Our beloved sons and daughters whom the misfortunes of war have reduced to extreme poverty and misery.

Nations Thanked.

And in the first place it is but just to record the immense work of assistance achieved,in spite of the extraordinary difficulties of transport, by the United States of America and with regardto Italyin particular, by His Ex. cellency the personal Representative ofthePresidentoftheUnion.

It is apleasure for us to express equal prai,e and gratitude for the generosity of the head of the State the Government and people of Spain,and the Governments of Ireland. Argen. tina Australia, Bolivia, Brazil,Canada„ Chile, Italy, Lithuania, Peru, Poland,_

t

:that the moment will come, perhaps sooner REOORD FIFTEEN.

The Birth of the Saviour of the World, of theRedeemer of human dignity in all its fulness, is the moment characterisedbythe allianceofall men of godwill. There to the poor world, torn by discord, dividedby selfishness, poisonedby hate,love willberestored, and it will be allowed to march forward in cordial harmony, towards the common goal, to find at last the care for its wounds in the peace of Chri-t

Roumania, Slovakia, Hungary, who have vied twith one another in noble rivalry of brotherly love and charity, the echo of which will not resound in vain through the world.

While men of goodwill are endeavouring tobridge the gulfandbringthe peoples together, this purely disinterested act ofcharity assumesan aspect and avalueofuniqueimportance.When—as we all wish—the disson. ance of hate and discord that dominates the presentmomenttwill be but a tragic memory, the goodeffectsof this, victory of active and magnanimous charity over the poison of selfishness and enmity will ripeninto even alargerharvestofgood.

May allwhohavehadashare in this crusade of charity receive as an incentive and atoken of gratitude our ,,postolic benediction, and the thought thatonthe feastoflove from numberless hearts in anguish, but not forget. ful in their anguish, there rises to heaven the grateful prayer for them: Deign toreward, 0Lord, allthose who do good to us for.Your Name's sake with eternal lifel

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LetterstotheEditor

(Continuedfrom Page 9.)

on criticism Cilia criticism ahuuld be measured to its object," et seg) Irefer the interested reader to the"Discriminations" page in this issue. For the example par excellence of muddled thinkingin the effusion from "EstDisputandum" Idraw attention to his claim that Christ(lid not open his apostolate spectacularly with a descent from the pinnacle of the Temple, but with a miracle at Cana. Might Iask in all humility whether the second of these is not the more spectacular accomplishment? After all Everest may still be conquered, and agood steeple-jack might have negotiated the Temple; butI'dlike to hear from anyone who can change water into wine.—Yours, etc.,

DE GUSTIBUS.

Sir,—Ingoingalong to the Assembly Hall, De Gustibus was apparently under the impression that he was about toreview adramatic productionby an amateur society. It is clear from a letter by "Est Disputandum;" which made so much of the hikingandother recreational activities of the Therries as acounter-blast to his criticism, that he was under a misapprehension. I suggest that next time "The Record" send its sporting writer along instead. He may get some fun out of"Quality Street." and De Gustibus could cover the"Therries next hikb —Yours, etc.,

ANOTHER OPINION.

Sir,—play Ioffer afew opinibns on the absorbing subject of themoment— the recent production of "Quality Street"bythe Therry Society?

Knowingseveral of theTherry members, who took part in "Quality Street;" Iwent along on the Saturday night to see how they acquitted themselves. Iam afraid it was this interest in the players themselves ghat assisted',me to see the programme through rather than "the excellence of theirperformance."

In the main, Ireadily agree with most of what "De Gustibus" had to say,butwould have liked him to have

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told them of their defects in a less blunt manner. After all they are an amateur society, and as such should not receive the severe condemnation that would be meted out to profes• sionals insuchacase.

Honvever, Irealise that this critic was himself placed,

in adifficult position, for he reviewed very severely, and quite recently, the same play by another Perth amateur body in"The Record." Iknow that several of the Independent Players came to the Therry production out of interest. What would their conclusions be wer ,

& the review complimentary in view of the.fact that the Therry production fell farshortof their own?

Thepatheticpleaofsome critics that the Therry Society is aCatholic one, and as such should receive nothing but praise from aCatholic critic, is really amusing. We Catholics are proud to think that we compare most favourably in most fields of activity and that the laurels we receive are highlymerited.

Iwould also like to comment on one humorous accusation of"Est Disputandum," in which he taxes "De Gustibus" (with unchivalrous remarks on the leading lady. "De Gustibus" merely said that the roles of Phoebe and Susan should have been reversed, and that Phoebe of the Ringlets did not have ringlets worth looking at!

Well, ifalady is going to take offence because her false ringlets are notpraised,and if agentleman is to rush in to take another to task for not doing so.

well, Ithink the ladv is'strutgely sensitive and the gentleman most ridiculously chivalrous.

Ifeel sure that the criticism of"De Gustibus" was meant kindly, and that the Therry Society will benefit greatly from it in future productions. As it is they have benefited already, for they are much more widely known on accountofitandthey will, Ifeel sure, be more generally supported in their next attempt—even if it be only out of curiosity. And perhaps,"De Gustibus," too, will also benefit and become more moderate.- Like "Est Disputandum" Iam looking forward to the Therry's next venture.—Yours, •ctc.. E. MCK.

OSir,—Regarding Father Lynch's criticism of"De Gustibus" report on the Therry production,Iwould like tosay, , one whowaspresenton the opening night, thatIwholeheartedly agreewith the sentiments expressed in the ori. ginal write-up.

The printed programme Nvas, to say the least, irritating: There was about it an air of superiority,, supercilious suggestion that the audience was favoured indeed to be allowed to witness such aproduction. Perhaps this was unintentional, for any dramatic society mast know that the way to reach the public does not consist in appealing to the emotions of the crowd in the patronising manner used by the Ther• ries,

Of the play itself, it might be said that it was insipid and uninspired. It ishardtounderstandwhytheTherries chose aplay so entirely unsuited to amateurs, and it is not surprising that they were unable to make anything ^f it.

As apoint in favour of the Therries it must be admtin•,I that'he continuity of the play was good, but the failtire of the players to feel their parts sufficiently detracted from the general effect.

PerhapsIam notwellenough versed in the ways of the theatre to venture alengthy opinion, but Iwould like to sav that after reading"De Gustibus"' criticism, Ifelt that he had very ably touched on the points that should as. sist the Society gr-atly in,its f ,

+ture productions Yours, etc., "ONLOOKER.."

D. HILL

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BUTCHER.

NEWCASTLE ROAD, MIDLAND JUNCTION. Tel. 118Midland.

Sir,—By what right does "F.st Dis. putandum" assume the role of interpreter for ali theaudience who attended "Quality Street"? Iwent to the show, and have also spoken to quite a few other people who were there, and Imean no disrespect to the Therries when Isay that most of them did not greatly enjoy the play, though many of them voted it an otherwise pleasant evening—had it not been for the wea. ther. On the matterof the programme Ifound general unanitnity—that it was not suitable. All the same I would never have thought of writing in bad it not been for the inference in "Est Disputandum's" letter that "De Gustibus" was alone in his criticism. I think he is to be complimented for asking the Therries clearly at the beginning where they are going, and pointing out to them that the public's mood cannot be ignored if they wish to appeal to the public as their quite striking advertisements in the secular press would indicate. This talk of your critic taking his standard from Hollywood is all rot. Anyhow, it needs something good to draw the crowd away from the cinema to-day.

Again, Iwish theTherriesevery success, but Ifeel at the same time that "De Gustibus" needs something to be said in his defence against that form of special pleading advanced by adisgruntled "Est Disputandum!' Anyone who has ever taken part in an amateur play knows how difficult it is to get an honest opinion from one's friends, and this only make criticisms like that of "De Gustibus" all the more valuable. Iwould also like to point out to"Est Disputandum" that all the dramatic societies in Perth are amateur bodies—the Therries are no exception—yet all of them look for criticisms in the press.—Yours, etc„ J. W. n

Sir,—The critics of "De Gustibus" would have clone well tohave read his original review rather more carefully before rushing into print. As one acquainted with the production, the criticism, and with amateur theatricals in general, Ifind it quite impossible to agree with "Est Disputandum's" description:"A harsh and unjust at. tack from adisappointed critic." By now itmust surelybe obvious to most that the storm of protest provoked by what was at worst, amildly adverse criticism(as criticisms go), serves but to emphasise the crying need for a little more honesty in dramatic criticism in Catholic circles. Perhaps you, sir, will answer the question: Why are we all so thin-skinned?—Yours, etc., P,EELUM.

t,

Sir,—So far, none of the correspondents who have protested against the "harshness" of"De Gustibus"' criticism has bothered to answer his most pertinent question, to wit: Why pick "Quality Street?" If the Therries wished to give athoroughly Catholic performance, then why not turn on a Catholic play? If, contrariwise, they wishedto give aChristian, yetnot specifically Catholic, entertainment, why, plays abound which would fill the role to perfection, be they desired comic, tragic, or of any other nature. If, again, they wished to entertain hof polloi, Catholic or otherwise, why did they not choose aplay which has at least aremote chance of entertaining the public. But Iam utterly and completely at aloss to know why the Therrieshituponaplaysuch as"Quality Street," which is neither Catholic, Christian, nor entertaining to any tolerable degree.

Iam well aware that some people, particularly those whose experience as playgoers has been far from extensive, might have found the show mildly entertaining, but the general public has had far more experience, and is mach more critical than that. Regrettably, Iam not alone in considering that, al• lowing myself to be enticed along to theshowbylavishlyphrased advertisements, Ibought asmall dog as well as aseat—Yours, etc., IMPERATOR.

Sir,-1am at aloss to understand all this controversy going on in your paper about what seemed aperfectly ordinary write-up of astage production. But apparently, according to "Est Disputandum;' "De Gustibus" verged on personalities. Fancy a

critic verging on personalities! Will someone please tell me who the leading lady was, and what "De Gustibus" said about her that was so unchivalrous? Idon't know yet, and I'm sore most of your readers would liketo be let in on the secret. The only reference in any way personal that Icould see waswhere "De Gustibus" wrote:"Seeing that somuch was made of Phoebe of the Ringlets, it should have been seen to atleast that the ringlets were worth looking at." Were.they her own ringlets? Tut, tut, "De Gustibus," where is your chivalry? You should have made that clear.—Yours, etc.,

Sir,—Idid not go along to the performance of "Quality Street" in the Assembly Hall, not because Idid not think the Therries were not worthy of encouragement, but because Iheartily endorse the opinion of the otherwise quite kindly critic, J. T. Grien, who wrote in December, 1902: "'Quality Street' has the passingcharm of pleasant sentimentality and dexterous artifice. In the anaemic state of our drama such amork may pass muster, but the next generation will know it not." Another celebrated English critic, J. T. Marriott, wrote:"'Quality Street' is an escape into the past. There issomething feminine in its outlook on life."

So"'De Gustibus" is not the only critic whofinds this particular playby Barrie"wishy-washy" and"outmoded." If they thought that in 1902, who can blame "De Gustibus" in 1945?

Ireally cannotunderstandhow "Est Disputandum" could write'such lavish praise of this effort by Barrie, except that Iinfer from the general tenor of theletter that"EstDisputandum" isa woman and possesses that feminine outlook on life to which Grien referred.—Yours, etc., A. F. T.

Avondown High School,-

Toodyay

Inthe.Avondow•n HighSchool,Toodyav, results, which were published on February 7, the following names were inadvertently ommitted: Newton Rapid BusinessCollege.

Arithmetic—Honours: Ray Coles, Ellesmere Rutherford, Delia McKenna, Patsv Jennings.

Ilandw•riting—Merit: Joan Thompson. . , 1 I 1.1..1 I

1.m WI1:11

11111151:1.11ll,401111:1

Racing Selections

By "THE HAWK."

Before Acceptances, W.A. Turf Club's meeting next Saturday: Pier Handicap: Hurlingham, 1; Si Lang, 2; Isobar, 3.

Howard Handicap: Easywalkin, 1; Feenagh Fine, 2; Panyan.

Barrack Handicap: Swirl, 1; Maidos, 2; SkyWarden, 3.

Sherwood Handicap (1): Sans Lente, 1; Aeditha, 2; Morning Echo, 3.

River Handicap: Harford, 1; Howie Wing, 2; Kerlion, 3.

Sherwood Handicap (2): Sofine, 1; Star Lou, 2; Lympian, 3.

Wellington Handicap: Superfine, 1; Ruby, 2; Sanctifier, 3.

WANTED TO BUY: Stoves, Wood, Gas;PlainandOldScootIron,Coppeas.. Heaters.Best Prices. RingBt3807.

PowerofPublicOpinioninDeterminingMannerofInternationalCollaboration

BadEducationPromotedbyScholarsaCauseofWar

Peace Endangered by,Unreasonable Concession to Might Strong Nations Must HelpWeak

(Continued from Front Cover.)

nations to endanger the peace of the world. Ifprostratenationsarenotassisted ingivingtotheir peoplefaireco. nomic opportunities, they will become the arena of civil strife and turmoil. No i n

tions economicopportunities which are ,

ternational organisation will be able to maintain apeace which is unfair and unjust.

There is aninternational community of nations.' God Hirdself has made the nations interdependent for their full life and growth. It is not therefore aquestion of creating an--interna. tional community but of organising it. To do this we must repudiate abso. lutely the tragic fallacies of "power politics" with its balance of power„ spheresofinfluencein asystemofpuppet governments and the resort to war as ameans of settling international difficulties.. Might Must Yield to Law.

After the last World War an at. tempt was made to organise the international community. Itfailednotbe. cause its objective was mistaken, but because of inherent defects in its charter and more especially perhaps because the nations were not disposed to recognise their duty to work together for the common goodof the world. In, ternational law

must govern international relations. Might must be subordinated tolaw. Aninternationalinstitution, based on the recognition of • an objective moral obligation and not on thebindingforce of covenantalone, is neededfor the preservationofajust peace and the promotion of interna• tional co-operation for the common good of the international community.

The common good of every nation is inseparably connected with the common good of the international com. munity.

The international institution must be universal. It must seek to include,(with due regard to basic equality of rights, all the nations, largeand small, strong and weak. Its constitution must be democratic. While it is reasonable to setup aSecurityCouncil with limited membership, this Council must-not be an instrument for imper• ialistic domination by afew power, ful nations. Before it every nation must stand on its rights and not on its power. It must not allow any ' nation to sit in judgment in its own case: Frankly it must recognise that for nations, as well as individuals, life is not static. It must therefore pro. vide in its Charter for the revision of treaties in the interest of justice and the common good of the international community, as well as for the recognition of apeople's coming ofage in the family of nations, Strong Nations Must Help Weak.

The function of the international organisation must be the maintenanie of international peace and security, the promotion of international co-operation and the adoption of common policies for the solution of common, economic,social, and other humanitarian problems. In the maintenance of peace it is reasonable that the organisation have at its disposal resources for coercing outlaw nations even by military measures.

In fostering and promoting international co-operation it must seek to guarantee to the weak and poor na-

necessary to give their people reasonable standards of living, and it must seek to prevent selfish monopolistic control of raw materials which are needed for the economic stability of other nations. Effective international co-operation laysdefiniteduties onfavoured nations. No nation may view with unconcern conditions that permit millions of workers in any country to be without the opportunity to secure from theirlabouradequate family support. Nations rich in natural resources must remember that ownership of property never dispenses from the social obligations of stewardship. Nations gifted with inventive andproductive genius are obligated to serve with the reasonable needs of other nations. Nations should open, under effective guarantees, world lanes of commerce and world avenues of communication to all law-abiding countries. Protective national economic interests must not impede the flow of international commerce and the right social function of international exchange.

Teeth forWorldCourt.

In the international organisation there should be a World Court to which justifiable disputes among nations must be submitted. Its author. ity should not be merely advisory but strictly judicial. Acondition for the right functioning of this Court is the proper development and codification of international law. Competent in. ternational authority must enact into positive law the principlesof themoral lane in their international references, and to these will be added positive treaty provisions and the charter and legislation of the international organisation.

The World Court should be empowered to render decisions in cases submitted to it eitherby any party in interest or by theinternational organisation. It musthave authority to refer itsdecision to the international organi• sation for execution. It woud be use. lessto set up aWorldCourt andeither deny it the right to demand the exe. cution of its decisions or make the execution of them subject to the dis. cretion of the international organisation. Nations which refuse to submit their international disputes which constitute athreat to the peace or the common goodofthe international community, should be treated by the in ternational organisation as outlaw na. tines. Moreover obligatory arbitration of international disputes which threaten world peace would mark a signal advance in international relations.

Insist on Innate Rights of Man.

The international organisation mnever violate the rightful sovereignty of nations. Sovereignty is a right which comes from the juridical personality of anation and which the international organisation must safeguard and defend. However, national sow ereignty may notbe interpreted asabsolving anationfrom itsobligations in the international community. Moreover even within the State, national sovereignty is limited by the innate rights of men and families. Since civil authority does not confer these God-given rights it may not violate them.

The ideology of anation in its in-

ROOSNVRLT.

"We shall seek ... the establishment of aninternational order in which the spiritof Christ shall rule the hearts of menandnations."

ternal life is aconcern ofthe international community. To reject this principle is tantamount to maintaining that the violation of the innate rightsofmen in acountry by its own government has no relation to world peace. Just at this moment, in the interest of world peace, our nation is exerting itself to root out some ideolo. gies which violate human rights in the countries we are liberating. We hold that if there is to be agenuine and lasting world peace, the international organisation should demand as acondition of membership that every nation guarantee in law and respect in fact the innate rights of men. families, and minority groups in their civil and religious life. Surely our generation should know that tvranny in any nation menaces world peace. A nation which refuses to accord to its own neope the full enjoyment of innate human rights cannot be relied upon to co-operate in the international com-

COUNTRY.

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munity for the maintenance ofapeace whichis based on the recognition of national freedom. Such anation will pursueitsownselfishinternationalpolicies, while playing lip service to inter• national co-operation.

Free Men,Free Nations.

We have it within our power to in traduce anew era, the era for which peoples have ben longing through the centuries, the era in which nations will live together in justice and charity, 1, is aChristian hope we want to realise, the hope of aworld at peace, aworld of sovereign States co-operating in assuring all men the full enjoyment•of their rights, aworld of free men and free nations with their freedom secured under law. War may come but if our hope isrealised it willbe awar of punishment meted out to outlaw nations. Through all the,sufferings and sacrifices of this war d•e have remembered and nee recall to-day the words of our Chief Executive, written at its beginning:"We shall win this war and in victory we shall seek notvengeance but the establishment of an interna. tional order in which the spirit of Christshall rule the heartsof menand of nations."

Signed by the members of the Administrative Board, N.C.W.C., in the names of the Bishops of the -

United States: Edward Mooney, Archbishop of Detroit, Chairman; Samuel A. Stritch Archbishop of Chicago, Vice. m,

, -Chairan; Francis J. Spellman, Arch. bishop of New York, Secretary; John T. McNicholas, Archbishop of Cincinnati; John Gregory Alurray, Archbishop of St. Paul; John J. Alitty, Archbishop of San Francisco; Joseph F. Rummel, Archbishop of New Orleans; John F. Noll, Bishop of Port Wayne; Karl J. Alter, BishopofToledo'James II, Ryan, Bishop of Omaha.

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VICTORIA HOTEL, HAYSTREET, SUBIACO. _ Recanted Throughout. Iuence of comfort. W. F. ARTIS,Proprietor. (Lateof BalmoralHotel,Vic.Park)

KEOUGH'S forCATERING

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Make your own accessories from materials offering in Foy's new Homecraft Section. Here youmaypurchasespeciallyselected skins in suitable lengths for bags, belts,dress trimmings,cushions, table centres,etc., at very reasonableprices. Youwillfind these materials delightfully easy to makeupandthe results will thrillyou.

Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It isonsale in Foy'sHomecraftSectioninmany lovelycolours. Hereisagrand opportunity for you to save money by malting your own Christmasgiftsthisyear. -

Howlers, "Paraffin is the nextorder of Angels aboveSeraphim."

"Tonsureisapriestshavinghishead instead of cutting it off."

"A martyr is apile of wood set on fire with aman on top.,

'

"Rural is the opposite of senile."

"A sinister is an old maid."

"Ambiguity means telling the truth when you don't mean to."

"Genius is an infinite capacity for picking brains."

"Mastication is what the Italians do with their hands when they talk Eng lish"

AWest Endjewellersaid the fearof asecond burglary was wearing him to ashadow, He lost severalstones.

Anaval officer says that acopy.of "The Arabian Nights"with coloured illustrations is his constant companion when off duty. He likes the pink Djinns.

The now pantomime was in rehear. sal, and adelegation of the members approached the manager. On being received, the spokesman said:"Sir, we havecometoask thataportionofMr. Badham's part be cut out."

"What's all this about? What do you want cut out?" asked the ma.,ager. The partwhere2:e, asthedisguised count, borrows half-a-crown. Every time he thinks any of us has any money he calls arehearsal." ► ■ ■ ►

An American and an Australian were shooting at agallery where the targets were kept up by spouts of. water. The American challenged the Aussie to acompetition to see who couldgetthefive balls down with the least shots.

TheAussie agreed and theAmerican tried. He succeeded in getting the five balls down with five shots,

' 4

Good shooting," remarked the Aus. sie. "Now watch mel"

He had one shot and the five balls went down at once. The American, amazed, said: "Say, that's good. How'd you do it?"

The Aussie said: "Ishot the old woman who was pumping thewater!"

"The plaintiff says he lent you a milk pan which you broke, and he claims damages;" said the judge.

"Thee's not aword oftruthinwhat hesays," declared the defendant. "In thefirstplace,hedidn'tlendmeapan. Secondly, the pan was broken when I had it. Thirdly, the pan was whole whenIgave itback tohim." ■ ■ ♦

Short-sighted Golfer: "Why didn't you tell me Iwas hitting aconfounded toadstool?"

Caddy: "Inever thought you would hit it, air."

Two garage hands had been invited to abig dinner party, and when they satdownthey noticed alarge array of cutlery beside their plates.

Bill leaned towards his mate and whispered: "Isay,'Arry, what's the big idea—all these knives and forks?"

Barry sniffed contemptuously at his mate's ignorance.

"Don't speak so loud, mate;' he exclaimed. Thesearesparesincase wt break any of t:'te others."'

Mrs. Timid:'!

Did you ever find a man under the bed?"

Mrs. Bluff: "Yes: the night we thought there were burglars in the house. Ifound myhusband there."

Composer: "Well, ho'.v did you:,..• my new operetta?"

Critic:"Very much. Oneofthefinest things Strauss ever composed?" ■ f ►

Mike: "Ihaven't seenmy Uncle Pat fortenyears. Tell mehehathe'sbeen doing all that time."

Ike:"Ten years."

Vicar's Wife: "Iwas told in the street this morning that the building opposite the:1fission Hall is to be a publiobouse"

Vicar:"Apublic-house? My dear, wemustgo into that."

Bluey, who was avery raw recruit, was having his fast mealat the army camp, (when the Commanding Officer passed by.

"Excuse me, sir;' Bluey exclaimed, "but Icannoteat thisWupbecause it has dust init."

TheC.O. turnedon bigheel, andfac. ed Bluey with asnarlinglook, "Tellme,man,didyoujointhearmy to serve your country, or to complain about the soup?"

Bluey: "Ijoined the army to serve my country, sir,not eat it."

The Sergeant was asking recruits whywalnutwasusedfor thebuttof a rifle. Becauseithasmoreresistance;' Vol. unteered one man.

"Wrong."

"Because it is more elastic."

"Wrong."

"Perhaps it looks nicer than any other wood," volunteered another tim. idly.

"Don't be afool," snapped the Sergeant, "simply because it was laid down in regulations."

'Jones:"Theysay Wooster's wife has kleptomania."

Brown: "WhatIs she ticking forit?"

Jones: "Everything in sight." * * s

"Last night, dad, I dreamed you gave me ashilling,"

"Well, you've been agood boy, my son. You can keep it."

Dealer: "How much for that pic. ture?"

Artist:"Fiftypounds."

Dealer: "I'll give you twenty."

Artist:"I'd have to be starving before Itakethatfigure."

Dealer:"Allright—I'llwait"

'Judge: "Gentlemen of thejury,have you cometo adecision?"

Foreman: "We have, Your Honour. The jury are all of the same mind— temporan'ly insane."

"Goodmorning,Mrs. Kelly,"said the doctor. "Did you take your hus. band's temperature, as Itold you?"

"Yes, doctor. Iborrowed a barometer and placed it on big chest; it said'verydry,' so Iboughthimapint o' beerandhe'sgoneback towork;' * * *

Thewaiterwastakingtheorderofa. pretty girl who,was accompanied by aflorid, podgy, middle-aged man.

"And how about the lobster?" the waiter inquired.

"Oh,hecanorderwhateverbelikes," came the startling reply. *

Thesmallboyon beingaskedbyhis father what profession he wished to adopt when'he grew up, replied:

"I should like to be an engine-driver," but thinking of the two observationwindowsateach sideof the front of the cab, headded sadly,"but I'm afraid my eyes aren't far enough apart."

Boarder: "Oh, I'm knowing to the tricks of your trade. Do you think Ihave lived in boarding houses for twenty years.for nothing?"

Landlady (frigidly):"Ishould not be surprised at that"

Patient:"How can Irepay you for yourkindness tome?"

Doctor: "By cheque, postal order, or cash."

A very valuable dachshund, owned byawealthywoman,was'runover.

The policeman detailedaman totell the woman of her misfortune.

:'But break the news gently," he said. "Shethinks alotof thisdog." The man rapped on the mansion door and, when the woman appeared, he said:"Sorry, lady,but partof your dog hasbeenrun over;"

The new vicar couldn't get the vicaragefire todraw. The chimney was choked with'soot. Hesaid totheverger:"Have you asweep in the village?" :'Well,yes,"said theverger,"butits only asmallone. First and second divisions only,"

n

Dear Cornerites,-1 must only take upalittlespace this week,as1have a very nice letter from the Founder of the Bushies' Scheme, whict will interest you all. Thing how grateful the littlechildren of the Bush mustbe for all Dr. McMahon has placed within theirreach. And we canhelp, too. By filling aprick card,children(and it isn'tveryhardtodo!).youaremaking certain that some other little boy or girl has achance to learn about Our Lord, which he would not otherwise have.

AUNT BESSY.

Sunbury.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find P.N. for 10s. and twoprick cards, andIwantyou to prickmetwo more, as akind lady gave me 5s. and has promised me 5s. every month. Thanks verymuchfor putting mynameinthe pen friends' column. Wishing you every success in the future.

THELMA FRAYNE.

Dear Thelma,—What a nice sur. prise, Thelma, to send you two prick cards and to receive back the money for four. Iwant you to thank the lady for me, and tell her 1am very pleased to hear of her kindness to the Bushies. Thank you, too, Thelma, for Iknow your enthusiastic work must have had something to do with it. Write and tell me when you hear from apen friend,Thelma.

AUNT BESSY.

219 Roberts-road, Subiaco.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am returning prick card and 5s. postal note. Wish• ingyou and the Bushieseverysuccess.

LEONIE ROSMAN.

Dear Leonie,—You are another of my nieces who is quick off the mark at filling cards. Thank you very much foryour kindness to the Bushies.

'AUNT BESSY.

•

Thelma

0

Leonie Rosman .. .. .. .. .. 5 0

JudyGollan .. .. .. , • .. 2 6

BerylFitzgerald .... ,..... 2 6 41 .................•.,.,.."..,.....,,

STANDING CARDBOARD PICTURES

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•.

Founder of the Bushies'Scheme Writes to Cornerites

Religious Holiday Schools During 1944

The Presbytery, South Perth, February 16, 1945,

Dear Aunt Bessy,-1 wish to thank your Corneritesfor their valuable help toour Bushies' Schemeduringthepast year. Aglance at the following table will show them the centres where childrenin the country have had thewonderful opportunity of boarding at the Convent while they are prepared for the Sacraments by the zealous parish priest and the apostolic Sisters, who sacrifice their well-merited holidays that these scattered lambs shouldhave the Bread of Life broken unto them. The busy parents of those childrenare indeed grateful to you that such Religious Holiday Schools are possible through your kindness. Recently 1 hadalong, hot,dusty trip through the Bush way down to the Salt River, many miles south of Katanning, and I lived againtheyears 1923to1925,when Ivisited many homes in the outbacks to invitechildren from every corner of the Archdiocese to enroll in the first residential Summer School everheld in Australia for such children, The School we organised at the Brighton Hotel, Cottesloe,inDecember,1925. Itisthe noblest work we are engaged upon in the West, anapostolicwork which will bring down God's abundant blessings upon everything else we do. Always remember that when you assist the Bushies' Scheme with your prayers, your letters, and your pennies, you are assisting the pastors of souls togather into theirConventSchools thechildren in the distant places of their big parishes. And the Good Shepherd will accept thatthoughtfulnessandsacrifice of yours as if it .were done to Himself. Look at this splendid work for

During the year correspondence lessons have been sent from the following centres:

St.Brigid'sConvent,WestPerth. SacredHeartConvent,Katanning. Conventof Mercy, Coolgardie, Sacred Heart Convent, Narrogin.

In addition to these two excellent serviceswe havethe"Adopt aBushie" Scheme.' -

This should appeal strongly toallCornerites. Itasks you toshare your Catholic paper, periodical and book withsome child in the country, who will never enjoy the company of such aheavenly visitor into their homesunlessyousendthem there.And like all great and lasting things, it is very simple. Write toAuntBessyfor the nameandaddress of achildabout your own age, and to that child you will mail regularly"The Record" or the Messenger,of theSacred Heart, or the"Annals." or aCatholic Truth So• ciety pamphlet, or any Catholic publication which you have read and enjoyed but do not need any more, The 'little extra" which pleases the Good Shepherd so much is to write to your adoptedfriendinthe countryatChristmas time,oron his first HolyCommunion ataReligious Holiday School, or on the occasion of his Confirmation.

This then, is the missionary enter. prise that each and every one of you Corneritesareassisting. Keepupyour enthusiasm and open the ears and hearts of others to the appeal of the Master, Who say's to us in the West: "Sufferthelittlechildren to come unto 11fe, and forbid them not."

And in vour prayers -

mention our priestsand ourSisters in the country, asanactofgratitudetothemfordoing the real work. Also aprayer for the Sisterswhoconductthecorrespondence classes.

Mav Iaddaword of congratulation to you AuntBessy,for your Corner, which *

ic

no small part in all our ef. forts to bringthedistant, scattered,in. nocentlambsoftheBush nearerto the HeartoftheGoodShepherd—Verysincerely yours,

FATHER McMAHON

Founder of the Bushies' Scheme.

Dear Old Faithful,—Many, many thanks for your contribution. St. Anthonyhascometotheforeagain. Not aweek passes but someone writes in honour of St. Anthony. You couldn't guess how grateful Iam to him, and toyou, too,ofcourse.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Pleasefind enclos• closed adonation for the Bushies, in thanksgiving for favours received.Wishing you all the best for,the new year,—Yours sincerely, BILL.

Dear Bill,—It is quote awhile now since I've seen your welcome signature. Where have you been all the time? Thanks very much,Bill, for thedonation. Iam indeedgrateful.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—In grateful acknowledgment of favours received through the intercession of St. Anthony. Please use as you think fit. Best wishes. GRATEFUL.

Dear Grateful,—Thank you indeed foryour kindness. Iwill put the 10s, intothe Bushies'HolidaySchoolFund, forthat is whereit,willdothegreatest good.

AUNT BESSY.

98 Angove-street, N. Perth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Iasked for a prick card, but Isuppose you forgot about it, because it has not arrived yet. Would yousend me apink one, please, Aunt Bessy,if you have not already sent one? Iam back at school again and like fifth very much. We have sports every Wednesday and tennis on Tuesday. My brother Peter has just gone to Adelaide,and another brother,Jimmy, hasgone to Liverpool, Sydney. Oh, well, Ihad better close now. Wishing you alot of luck,— Your loving niece,

PAULA MCADAM,

DearPaula,—Iamsorryyou haven't. received acard,and I'msending another straight away. Idon't know what could have happened to the last one,forI'msureIdidpostonetoyou. Itis nice tolearn that you like school, Paula. Do you like playing tennis verymuch. Itisagreatgame. Your family seems to have separated abit with the twoboysaway,Paula. Iexpect you are hoping they'll be back soon.

AUNT BESSY.

13 Cunningham-street, Merredin.

DearAunt Bessy,—How are you and the Bushies getting on? Please will you send me another prick card, and Iwillgladlyfillit? Isawmyfriend's name in"The Record" and Ithought itwas very nice. Please, may Ihave apen friend. Iam ten yearsold, and Iam very interested in cycling, reading and all school subjects, Well, I must close now.—Yourloving niece, JUDY GOLLAN.

.4h Railway-parade, W. Leederville.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—This is my first letter to you. 1am 51 years old and go to St. Joseph's Convent, Subiacu. 1havethreelittlesisters. Mybigcousin, Thelma Cabserly, is writing this for me; she is one of your nieces. Would you please send me aprick card and 1will try to fill it for the Bushies. I must close now.—

YOul would-be niece, LORRAINE FLANAGAN.

Dear Lorraine,-1would lovetosend you aprick card to fill. Thelma will show you how to do it. It was very niceofhertowritefor you. Soonyou will be able to write to me yourself, andperhapsyourlittlesisterswill,too; but that wont be for some time yet, will it?

AUNT BESSY.

"Brockmeyer," Namban.

DearAunt Bessy,—How areyouand the Bushies? It is along time since Iwrotetoyou. We had terribleweather up here. We have not started school yet, because ateacher has not arrived. Iwent for aholiday at my Aunty's place in Victoria Park. I had avery good holiday, and I went for alot of swims with my cousins. I went and saw afew pictures,"True to Life" and "Lassie Come Home." On theSundayIwenttomyAuntyKath's placein Palmyraand had agood time.

My brother Paul came to his Aunty's place in Victoria Park after Icame home. Pat and Brian, my brothers, went for aholiday at South Beach, Brian cimehome on Monday and Pat is staying another week. Mum has gone for aholiday and Dad is going soon. Vera, my sister, is home on holidays and she is doing the cooking while Mum is away. Isuppose you will have aholiday soon,and if you do Ihope it is nice. Well, Aunt Bessy, Ican't think of anything else. Will youplease send me aprick card? Best wishes to you and lots of love from BERYL FITZGERALD.

Dear Beryl,—Ihave recorded another 2/6 from Namban,thank you,Beryl. What anice holiday you must have had in Victoria Park. I'm afraid my holiday is over now, but it was very nice while it lasted. Idid the oppoante to you, Beryl. You left afarm to have aholiday in the city, and I Left the city to have aholiday on a farm. And it was very nice, too. Butholidaysareover now,so.wemust get to work in earnest. Don't you think so? AUNT BESSY.

_ s • •

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find February contribution to the Bushies and also athanks offering to St. Anthony for favour received. OLD FAITHFUL.

DearJudy, —Iwillbeverypleased to send you anothercard,and thank you ever so much forthe2/6. Ihave ad• vertised for apen friend for you, so Ihope some nice littleboy or girl will write to you.

AUNT BESSY.

F=NFRIZNDS.

JudyGollan,of 13Cunningham-street, Merredin, is 10, and would like apen friend interested in cycling,reading, andall schoolsubjects.

St. Aloysius' School, Shenton Park Examination Results, 1944

JUNIORCERTIFICATE.

L. KINNEEN: Eightsubjects.

B. SYMON: Four subjects.

P. MOLLOY: Five subjects.

E. ROWBOTTOM: Four and ahalf subjects.

MIS = EXAXNI6TIONS— UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

Piano:

GRADE II—Credit: A. O'Neill.

GRADE III.—Honours: A. O'Neill.

GRADE V.—Honours: Lois Riches,

Credit: E. Lawrence N. Barefoot.

GRADE VI.—Honours: P. Coney,

Credit: S. Bush, M. Knowles, Pass: F. Farrell,.J. Medlock, P. Davey, H. Rogers.

PREPARATORY—Honours: D.Hugo.

Credit: J. Harrison, J. Wornes, B. Knowles, C. Glen, J. Gollan.

Violin:

GRADE V —Pass: D. Rogers.

Theory:

GRADE IV,—Credit: A. O'Neill.

GRADE V.--Credit: N. Barefoot.

GRADE VI,—Honours: J. Naunton (95).

Art of Speech:

GRADE V.--Credit: P. Coney, P. George, B. Lees.

GRADE VI.—Credit: H. Cochrane. TRINITYCOLLEGE OF MUSH.

SENIOR PIANO—Credit: D.Craigie, JUNIORPIANO—Honours:M.Mohen.

Credit: H. Cochrane, P. George, A. Pilley. Pass: J. Needham.

FIRST STEPS PIANO—Honours: D. Parker, J. Holloway, P. O'Sullivan, B. Fowler. Credit: L. Larovson, M. Needham, P. Ashley, B. Bradley, R. Jennings, P. Ramsay. Pass: J. Arthur, S. Hodge.

INITIAL: A. Mohen, B. Taylor, G. Farrell, J. Lightly. -

Theor'y:

INTERMEDIATE — Honours: M. Mohen (94).

JUNIOR—Honours: J. Medlock (100). L. Riches (100), A. Pilley(100), H Cochrane (921, J. Needham (91).

PREPARATORY—Honours: J. Hollo way, J. Arthur, P. Coney, S. Hodge S. Bush. M. Needham, P. Ramsay, L. Silverjock, J. Harrison, D. Parker, B. Fowler, H. Rogers. Credit: P. O'Sullivan, P. Ashley, B. Knowles.

FIRST STEPS—Honours: M. Andrews (100), L. Lawson (100), L.Iles(100), A. Mohen (98), C. Glen (97), J. Davey, A. Rumble C. O'Connell. Credit: J.Gollam,

b. Hugo. Pass: B. Bradley, Y. Harvey.

Elocution: INTERMEDIATE —Merit: D. Craigie.

ADVANCED PREPARATORY—Honours: E. Wilson, PREPARATORY—Honours: R. Jennings. Merit: P. Ashley, P. Davey. Pass: JKinneen.

FIRSTSTEPS—Honours: P. Edwards, L. Lawson. Merit: P. Cribb, D. Hugo, J. Watson.

VerseSpeaking Choir: PREPARATORY—Honours (93).

"Matriarchy" Movement in U.S.A.

GETMEN OUTOFGOVERNMENT.

Anorganisationof women, with headquarters in Washington, aims at help. ingwomen workers "stay put" ingov. ernment jobs, and at getting men out of the political business.

The agency is known as the "Ma. triots," Apparently the matriarchal "spark plug"isone Ruth Welty, acting chief ofthe Civil Service Commission's test construction unit. She has set forth theprogrammeof the Matriotsin abookletentitled"CallingAllWomen." The thesis of the book is,"All women can work to make Government unattractive tomales."

Butwhymake thiswork unattractive to men? So the Matriots can take over, of course. And how is this revolutionfrom patriarchy tomatriarchy totakeplace? Bycarefully.laid,long• time plans to so"dehorn, declaw, and deglamorise Government that to the averagepower-lured male itwillbejust achore. fie will no longer feel that

his masculine capacities are challenged or allowed toexpress themselves. He -will get fed up—and step out with relief." So says the booklet.

HawtoDoIt.

And here is how, more specificially, according to the columnist's summary, this is to be done:

1. By clutteringred tape all over the office.

2. By transferring all praise and admiration fromthe men in military and politicallifetotheman who has never made war and who never will.

3. By expressing an active contempt for all"sissies;" who try to enter the field of government, unless they are the type whowillneverresorttowar.

4. By picketing all buildings where men hold policy-forming positions which could be filled by women. Furthermore it is recommended that the Iatriots extend to the made public official the"same pitying scorn as the male smash boys have had recently for the 4-F's and that they be"bright. eyed but charming sleuths. Know what these officials are doing in office. Act as theirmentors, even if you must snoop todoit."

The leader of the American Natriots does notexpect an entirely favourable reaction to this historic revolution. Some women will be horrified. Some will be indifferent. Some will react favourably. And perhaps it is not worth recording what the reactions of mere menwillbe.

Nothing is said about whether or not, whenwomendo men's work, men will he able to do women's work. Yet, that's just the serious consideration. Will eitheranAmerican matriarchyor an Americanpatriarchy be of any real value, when there is no longer areal corps of real American mothers?