The Record Newspaper 21 February 1945

es,(Wr.Stalin'. .. Secondlunich

Poland's Fate Ignored by Power Politics and the Press Gang

Lublin Government of Communist Quislings

*Dark Stain on Honour of Allies

The decisionsofthe"Big Three"regarding Poland at theCrimesConference must fill the informed readerwith apprehension and dismay, In one breath they affirm their"commondesire toa"establishedastrong, free, independentand democratic Poland," and in the next destroy Poland'sstrengthbyceding]calfherterritorywithoutherconsenttoRussia, anddissolveherfreedom,independence and democracy by handing her destiniesovertotheRedpuppetCommitteeofLublin,whichistobeglorified into the Polish Provisional Government of NationalUnity, ThefateofPoland,which,inthewake of the victorious Russian armies, is beingoverrunbyCommunist revolutionaries,under a puppet Communist "government," is being virtuallyignored by the Australianpress.

In the balance andproportion oftheir Europeannews,theverynewspaperswhicharenowheadlining the menace of Communism inAustralia in their campaignagainst social reformare—consciously orunconsciously —playing theCommunist'sgamein Europe,and supporting,by default, the Communist domination of Poland. This scarcelyhonours theprinciplesforwhichwe arefighting, and the ideals of the United Nations. The inner story o2 the Lublin conspiracy and the protests in England, America,France,andeven;Australia,are either unreported or played down. Thefacts,supppliedby the London Polish Telegraph Agency, must beknowninevery newspaper office.

The truth about theso-called Lublin"government"ofPoland,setupby peoplewhomMr. Churchill has called "bloody baboons,"gives the inner historyoftheconspiracy against the Polish people, the background and history of theCommunist quislings involved,andtheircondemnationby the legitimate Polish National Councilandby'thePolishSocialistParty.

London, January 6, 1945.

tP.A.T.).—P.A.T., in London, is au• thorised by the Polish Government to state that the official recognition by the U.S.S.R. of the Soviet-sponsored 1ProvisionalGovernment in Lublincon stitutesadirectviolation ofthe funda. mental right of the Polish nition to possess agenuinely independent State, `free from foreign intervention, and an infringementoftheuntrammelledright of the Polish people to organise their internal existence as they see fit. The PolishGovernment,whichearnestlyde. sires alasting understanding between PolandandtheSovietUnion,deeplyregrets thisactionofthe Soviet Govern. ment,whichmakessuchanunderstanding more difficult and will not contri• bute to the strengthening of the solidarity of theUnitedNations,so necessary in theirstruggle against the common foe.

ASoviet Citizen Becomes Acting President of Polsud, London,January 6. 1945. W.A.T.).—Bierut, who was appoint• ed by the"Provisional Government of Poland" as"Acting President of the Polish Republic"(he was later succeededbyOsubkaAforawski,seebelow. —Ed. "Advocate"), was born in 1891 at Laczma, near Lublin,his real name being Krasnobedski and thename,Bienrt isapenname,composedofthetwo first syllables of his other two names, whichwereusedby himduringhispolitical activities—Bienkowski and Rut. kowski. During the first World War, heserved in the Russian Armyand al-

Eastern Europe, which had its head. quarters in Vienna. In 1930, it was transferred to Prague,where he was stillinchargeofthe Polishsection.He closely co-operated withacertain

Jurewicz, who was cashier to the Comin• ternin thispartofEurope.

In 1932,BierutwasagainsenttoPolandasleaderoftheUndergroundCommunist Organisation. This timehe was caught and sentenced to seven years' hardlabour. Butbeforemanymonths had passed,he wasexchangedasaSoviet citizen for another Polish citizen irom Russia. In 1933 he was sent to aspecial high school organised by the Comintern in Leningrad. He spent

...THE NOT- SO- B/C IHRf-f!

Aspectacular sale was heldduring theweekin theCrimea,atwhichthe Polish Nation and the honouroftheAllieswere knocked down cheaply tothewellknown Moscow dealer, Mr. Joseph Stalin. Thebiddingwas notbrisk,as areserve price hadbeenfixedbs forehand. Mr.Stalin's latest bargain caps a series of shrewd deals in Yugoslavia,Estonia, Latvia,and Lithuania. Thesalewasinthecap. able hands of Mauro. Churchill,Rooseveltand Co,,thoughitisnotyet -knownon what terms they executed the cosh mission.

ri, SignificantChangesintheLublinCom mitt".

London, January 6.1915.

(P.A.T. )

.—The London "Dziennik Polski" of January 5, commenting on the personalcomposition of the Lublin "Government;' draws attention to the fact that from the Committee disap peared the following people: Drobner,

Somerstein, Nasilewska Berling Han. neman, Kotek, Agruscewski, Czechowski, Grubiecki and Jedrychowski. Es. peciallysignificantisthedisappearance of Berling, who has been Deputy Director of the Department of National Defence. His place has been taken by Alexander Zawadzki, aPole by ori. gin, but aRed Armyofficer since 1920 and later for several years colonel of the N.K.W.D.on theManchurian frontier. General Konezvc, also aSoviet officer, has been appointed the second DeputyofGeneralZymierski. All the most important posts have been filled by members of the P.P.R., all Communists. The first Vice-Premier Gomolka, the Minister of Public Security Radkiewicz, the Minister of Education Skrzvszewski, the linister of Industry Afinz, the MinisterofFinance K. Dab. rowski all are membersofthe P.P.R. Zymierski, alleged to be non-party, is amember of P.P.R, in possession of party pass No. 21, and his two deputies are Red Army officers. Regard. ing Bierut, the"Dziennik" gives details revealing that Bierutused in the pastthefolowingnames:Krasnobedski Bienkowski, and Ruthkowski. The name, Bierut, is composed of the first syllables of the last two names.

ready started his Communistic activity. In 1921, he was admitted to the Comintern and was simultaneously grantedSoviet citizenship. AsaPole he wasentrusted with special tasks in Polandandattached to the Polish sectionof the Comintern, where he spent several_years studying theoretical problems. InDecember,1923,hewassent for the first time to Poland and soon established himself asone of the leaders of the Underground Polish Corn munistParty. In19^_5,heplannedthe escape of the famous member of the Comintern, Leszczynski, and himself andescapedback toMoscow. Hewas then entrusted with the Polish section in the Comintern office for Central

the next two years in Moscow on special political studies. In 1936, under the name of Rutkowski, he was in charge of the Polish section of the Foreign Office of the

O.G.P,U.

Jam, ish elements who were not a100 per cent.Communist. .Mass deportations to Russia, arrests and executionswere carefully prepared by him. After the German armies had occupied Eastern Poland,Bierutescaped toMoscow,but inthe winterof1941412hewasdropped by parachute from aSoviet'plane in (ContinuedorfPage For Value ,

17,) and Service

Guilfoyle's Hotel AustraliaEst.•n:• I

Reristered at the G.P.O. Perth, for transmission by poet ass newspaper.

What is the Catholic Attitude to the "Prophecies" of Nostradamus?

Worship, Apart from Churchgoing, is Often No-

Man's Nature and God's Commandment Postulate Public Homage ...

God Permits Evil that He May Evoke a

Greater Good—

MO., Salfsbury-street, Leederville:

Q.: Would you please define the Church's attitude towards Nostradamus?

A.: If the Church has any attitude at all towards Nostradamus, whom you dignify rather gratuitously with the tile of"prophet," Iam sure it is oneofcompleteindifference:atbestit might becalled non-committal.

Q.: Ifhehas been proved afake, the question is closed; but if his claims are sincere, Iwould like to know (as aninterested Catholic) why the Church has not officially recognised him and enquired into his prophecies asbeing driectfrom God; as,if they are true, they MUST 1?e from God?

A.: In the first place I can't say whether or not we really have extant agenuineauthentic text ofthe predictions of Nostradamus. Consequently Icannot say whether or not they are a"fake,"as you put it—norcan Isay what Nostradannis himself thought of his predictions. So I cannot very well pronounce on his sincerity. A)) that is certain is that these writings have been the subject of confusing and almost endless controversy from which it isextremely difficult todraw asatisfactory conclusion.

However, presuming for the sake of argument that the predictions are not faked, and suppnsing that they do tome true in point of fact, we must not n

ecessarily conclude from that that they emanate from God, Don't

you think it possible that they might be just clever human deductions or even shrewd guesses? Isn't it pos. sible, too, thatthey might eveneman• ate from Satanand yet be true?

So far as Iknow the Church has made no official statement regarding Nostradamus and his writings. And quite frankly, I'd be very surprised it it ever did,andfor these reasons:

(1) There is nothing to suggest that these predictions are of divine origin or that theauthor considered them as such.

(2) Somewhatlike the answerofthe Delphic Oracle, they are couched in such obscure language that one can read into them almost any desired meaning.

(3) Thepredictions do not deal with the teachingsoftheChurch.

(4) In themselves, so far asIknow, they contain nothing contrary to pro. per morality.

As aliterary curiosity,of course, the writings of:Nostradamus may be of some interest, although evenasacurfositv thev are deficient because of their nlwitrity, which makes it al• most impossible to discern the fulfil meritof thepredictions.

On theotherhand, whenGodwishes to make it special revelation concern. ing future events. He does so with a definite purpose and He does so un. mistakeably. What is more, such a revelation would he an act of divine Wisdom as well as divine Power, and consequently it would not deal with

trifling mattersorwith important mattersin atriflingway., Summingup, then, though in no unfriendly spirit, to suggest that the weird versesof Nostradamus haveanything to do with God or revelation, is alittle unworthy and, well, really, a bit far-fetched.

Interested Listener, Cottesloe:

"T often listen toyour session,"The Catholic Answer." I myself was brought upin aconvent in England forsome years, andthen takenfrom thereto aChurchofEnglandschool. Iwas happier in the former, but graduallygrewawayfrom it andbecame ChurchofEngland. Iconfess Ido not, and have not, attended churchforyears,but stillhave great faith in God and am rather an idealist. Ibelieve everyone should worshipintheirownway, regardless ofanychurchgoigg at all."

A.: We often hear that said these days. As a Wile,

and Imean no per. sonal reflection now,"their own way" of worship is no real way of worship at all, but only avague shadow of what true worshipought tobe,akind of semi-religious, semi-idealistic habit of thought and speech which is sup posed to be the worship ofGod.,One's religion isconfined tothesecretdepths of the heart,withoutdogmasandwith. outany externalexpression of worship as acorporate act. But you see, Ca. tholic teaching is thatworship of God •hou'd he acorporate act, asocialact. For example, aCatholic who attends Mass on Sundayjoins consciouslywith the rest of the congregaion, and with the wholeChurchaswell, in the great. est act of religion that is possible to man—the public corporate worship of God in the awesome sacrifice iwe celebrate on our altars. As with the Jews in the daysofChrist, so withall mensinceChristwasonearth, Godhas laid down just how and when He wishes to be worshipped. Through the Tweve Apostles there have been passed on to us very definite instructions regarding the form that ourcor. porate worshipshould take. Godhas not left it to our discretion whether or not we attend this or that church, oreven whetherweattendanychurch atall. Ilewishesustopay ourhoW age toHimpubliclybyparticipatingin an act of sacrifice which oornmemor. ates the death ofHisSonon thecross two thousand years ago. This dra. matic ceremony or rite is really very short,and is known to Catholics as THE MASS.

After all, FatherILalor, youmust admittheremustbesomegreatairmen attend their church regularly, even Roman Catholics," A.: That, too, we often hear said thesedays. Nodoubtsome greatsinners do attend church regularly. It doesn't follow, necessarily, that they are insincere in sofaras their churchgoing is concerned, whatever about their consciencesinothermatters. It is quiteeasy topictureaman whois strongly bound by some habit of sin neverthelessbeingsincere in givingexpression to his faith in God. No doubt in time he will come to think differentlyofhiswayoflife andmake abig enough effort to get backon the

Worship

at All

straight and narrow. Buteven if the church attendance of some people is merely an empty show, that is nbt a valid argument against the value and the necessityofcorporateworshipsuch as God has insisted upon, nor isitas argument against the sincerity of the great body of those who participate init.

"And Iwonder if theybelieve that if cnlytheyconfesstheirsinstoapriest allIs forgiven andthat theycan go away and do just as much sinning again because they'll always be forgiven."

A.: You need not wonder. As we have said so many times in this session, forgiveness of sins in the Sacrament of'Penance is conditional on the true repentance of the sinner, which means that he is no more free to go away and sin again than he was free tosin inthe first pace.

Q.:'Zwant to ask you, too, Father Lalor, though Isupposeyou'll say I take Gods name invain, where, oh where,is theGodofloveandmercy whocanletsuchthingsgoonasare goingon in theworldto-day?"

A.: God let amuch more terrible tragedy happen afew centuries back when He allowed His Son, one of the Three Persons.of His own Trinity, to be tortured to death in His human form, although, naturally, He was innocentof any crime, ButChrist was rewarded for the blood and sweat and tearsof that firstGood Friday by the radiant transfiguration of His Resurrection on the following Sunday morning,thefirst EasterSunday. Yousee, Godonly allowsevilin thisworld that from it He may draw agreater good. (And that goes for the affairs of nations as well as of individuals.) In the space of time that intervened between the CrucifixiononGood Friday eveningand the Resurrectionof Christ onEasterSunday morning, His followers(including theApostles) musthave wondered where, oh where, was the God of love and mercy that the Masterhad so often spoken about. Even though in only afewhours'time they were to witness His greatest triumph, yet their vision at that moment was bound by the tragedy they had just witnessed. and theycould not imagine that any good at all could come from the awful events of that Friday. It wasenough toshaketheirbelief inthe existence of God, and who knows but in somecases it did. But then came the Resurrection, and with the Master hackamongst them they realised that all time God had allowed the ghastly tragedy to come to pass only that its culmination might beayetgreater triumphthanChristhadeverknownor than they had ever hoped for. just whatareGod's inscrutablepurposes in permittingthehorrorswhichareshockingthe worldevenasI'm speaking to you, Icannot say—no man can say. Goddoesnotexpectustoknow all the answers. He doesn't even wish us to know all the answers, otherwise He wouldhave toldusmoremorethanHe did about these mysteries of life. Rather He wishes us to trust in Him. WeknowenoughaboutGodtorememberthatIle isinfinitelygood,that His loveis infinite, thatHis mercyhas no limits either—that lie couldn't do a cruel or shabby thing; and, as Isay, rememberingthat,Ile asksusto trust.

-When aFarmer Cannot Pay His Employee aJust Wage —

He always seemed to be saying when He was on earth:"Oh, you of little faith, why do you doubt?"

'T mean WE probably are being P=— Mad for sins committed against Him, but why innocent children, s

ome born, some yet unborn; the slaughterofJews, eta?"

A.: Well, even if we do admit, in a general sense, that the ills that come to mankind are apunishment for sin , must we rule out the responsibility of men themselves for the evil they do or disregard the human causes

of wrong and suffering which are only v too much in evidence? And if you don't feel prompted to deny the exist• ence of aGod of love and mercy be* cause of the murder of asingle child in times of peace, why should you be prompted to do so simply because in war the numberswho suffer are great. er? It is rather the principle of the thing that matters, not the physical magnitude ofthecase. Iam not trying to defend God! He doesn't need, oneofHiscreaturestodefend the way Ile governs this universe that He created,but asHesaid Himself in the Scriptures:"My ways are not your ways," and much that God allows to happen in the world about us is as mystifying to us as was the drama of thefirstGoodFridavto those associated so closely with Christ Himself. Those who believed or that occasion found their faith justified, and Isuppose it's only our own affair whether we shall meet with His rebuke: "Oh, you of little faith, why did Yoll doubt?" But I'm afraid human suffering will always remain amystery unsolved and insolube this side of the grave.

Puasled, Wandering, East Narrogfn:

I'm afraid most of the issues raised in this letterare simply -

the result of misunderstanding Catholic doctrine. Forexample,Puzzledwrites:

"T.fstening to last Sunday's broadcast of the ~Catholic Answer,' I noticethatyoustatedthatallCatholic teachings and doctrines are confirmed by theScriptures"

A.: In thesessiontowhichyourefer alistenersaidhehadcome to thecon. clusion that the Catholic Church is not a"religion"buta "game," and he gave as one of his reasons that most of my answers are not founded onScriptural authority, to which I replied:"ThatIdeny. If you havelistened toeverysessionof'The Catholic Answer,' as you say you have, surely you must admit that Ihaverepeated• ly appealed to Scriptural authority. ButhereagainImustremindyouthat the authority of Tradition in the CatholicChurchisequal to thatofScripture, and they are the two sources of authority that Iquote: Scripture and Tradition."

Now, thatis whatIactually saidin thesessionyourefer to,and itisquite adifferent thing to saying that "all Catholic teachings and doctrines are confirmed by the Scriptures." Many ofthedoctrinesinwhichwebelieveas y Catholics are NOT explicitly mention. ed in Scripture, and our authority for beliefin them isTradition, Q.: Wouldyoutellmewhere in the Scriptures it says that the Pope is equal to God, and as such is the greatest manon earth? My answer to that statement is 2Thess., 2, S4, andICor., 11,S.

A.:Well,it'snotmuch sense arguing over your texts, because no Catholic believesthatthePope isequal toGod. Y TorSaucepans,Dishes,Babies'Baths, Flue Pipesfor Stoves, Bath Heaters, try Hasse)1's, 669 Wamngton Street.

Your other questions concerning the reverence and worship given the MotherofGod andherpositioninthe Catholic scheme of things have been answered many atime and oft, and wil be posted to you if you care to write in to this session.

An Interested Listener, Fremantle: After describing how, while travelling in atrain acquaintancewasmade with the name "Carmelite Nuns," this listenerasks: Q.:Wouldyoupleasetellmewhothey are. where they are, what they are for, and if it is truethatno oneis allowedto speak tothem?

A.:TheCarmeliteNunsareasociety ofmomenwho,oftheirownchoiceand quite freely, leave the world and devote themselvestoalifeofprayerand penance. They live in communities accordingtoaruleoflifedrawnupby SaintTeresa of Avila in the 16th. century-. These nuns are now found in many countries throughout the world, In Austraia they have aMonastery in each of the capital cities, and here in Perth the Monastery is situated in Adelma Road, Nedlands. That, very briefly then, is who they are and where they are. Now for WHAT they are:

The Carmelites fulfilseveralpurposes useful both for themselves and for others, and which must be intensely pleasing to Almighty God. In the quietof their cloisteredseclusion from the world they engage in the highest workpossible to human beings—the praise and adoration of God. With Mary, as

thesisterofMartha,theychoose thebetter part, kneeling itwere at thefeetofChrist,conversingwithHim whilst others are busy about many things. Their life on earth approaches moreclosely than anyothertothatof the countless hosts of angels and of men inheaven.

Enclosedin theirMonastery,whether itbe in Perth orin the heartof Indo. China, the charity of the Carmelites embraces the whole world, and daily they pray and offer the austerities of their life not only for themselves but for vau andfor me andforthe restof men In daysofold when thatgreat lcader of men, Moses, raised his arms in;.>ycr on the mountain the Israelies were victorious in the the they were fighting on the plain below, but whenthosearmswereloweredthe bat. tle went against them. So, too, the Carmelites in their monasteries, remote,inaway,fromthebattlesoflife, intercede for mankind. Unknown to the nuns themselves and unknown to us who at times maybetheonesconcerned, many atemptation is resisted and many avice is conquered by people in the world, many an evil and calamity, national and individual, is averted by the intercession of these women who have left the world that they may pray for it.

To be agood Carmelite one needs alwaysamind thatdoesn'tstray after distractions, aheartthatisnot seton vanities, and abodythatissubject to the swill. Consequently, the austerities that are practised by these nuns are severe, following in thewayof St. Paul, who wrote long ago,"Ichastise my body and bring it into subjection.

" Yousee, thepurposetheyhave in view is the highest possible to humanbeings,and themeanstheyadopt areproportioned to thenobilityof the end. They try to detach themselves as utterly as possible from the things of this world that they may become moreandmorelikeChrist,theirSpouse —detached as He was from worldly things, living, praying and suffering aq

Iledidformenofallsutloasandofall creeds. And by the spirit in which they undertake these vohmtary sus• teritiestheytrytohateatleastsome reparation to AlmightyGod for living in the world outside. Is a simple world of their own, apart from the racketoflife beyond their walls, they livein an atmospherecarefullydesign. ed to fosterprayer andcontemplation. They don't WANT distractions from outside,andsocertainmembersoftheir community, known as extern Sisters, attendto alloutsidebusiness,and the ordinary Carmelite does not see any. one. Visitors may come and speak with them, but they do not see each other.

It is an experience worth having, and Irecommendyoustronglytovisit the Carmelites at Nedlands, if you have thetime, and talktothem. It is both an education and atonic to hear those calm and happy voices, quite undramatic, and certainly not fanatical,-coming from an atmosphere whichseems,asit were, tobecharged with the supernatural.

Ofcourse,tocounterbalance the Car. melites' long hours ofprayer, the rule provides for periods of recreation, whichhave proved adequateover.four centuries of experience. Physical recreation is had in manual labour and the cultivation of gardens, while men* tal relaxation is found in needlework andthingslikethat. Neverthelessthe life of aCarmelite is ahard one and needs atrue vocation. During the years of probation and trial every effort is made to exclude girls who might be temperamentallyorphysically unsuitable. An-unhappy ordissati'fied Sister in such an enclosed community would be simply unendurable. Consequently not every girl is admitted totheCarmelites. Thoseonlyare allowed to remain who really want to and who are otherwise suitable.

Well, I've spent alittle time over this,andIhopemyremarkshave answered your questions and proved enlightening. Ihope, too, that they may be taken asasmall tribute of admira• ion andrespectfor thesegreatwomen who forChrist's sake are glad to have their lives accounted as"foolishness!"

Bally,MountBarker:

SaonetimeagoIlistenedtothe

„

ten man preached from Saint ][cry's Cathedralrelarge,'families and thehear flywage. TheCatholicChurch,I

uw denotand, is fighting for the family. wageforeveryone. But whatfarmer can pay thefamily wage tohisworkWs?

IfIweretopay9400ayearto aman, it wouldleaveme with only 9460 on which the

rum the farm and rear myown family of five. There. fore, no matter how much I needed help,Iwouldhavetodowithout,"

A.: Yourproblem is avery sensible one, and involves amatter that concerns the whole of Australian agriculture. Sofar as your own position is concerned, you cannot, of course, pay out what you haven't got. Iunderstandyourpositiononly toowell. But youmightaswellaskmehowyoucan pay your super bill, or your bank interest, your freight bills or machinery accounts. Why distinguish between allthesecosts,unlessitbe togivepreference to the labourer—for surely his rights are as sacred as the bank's or the firm's. If anyone goes short it ought not to be the labourer; he has more right to the fruit of his work than abank has to interest on its money. /

You say you could not pay 1400 a year to aman. Well. I'm not surprised, Afterall,afamilylivingona farmshouldbe able togetallitsfood from thefarm and save the value of that. ThisisnottheprevailingconditioninAustralia,Iknow,butthenthat isthe fundamentaltrouble: agriculture in this country has been madeacommercial enterprise, a money-making business usually of one or two lines, depending on overseas markets, and nun on bank debts. Australian agriculture is not away of life producing the food of the family. Is it any -onder that agriculture is bankrupt and cannot pay its way? Iguess a revolutionary change is needed in the Australian outlook on the land.

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.What Must Be Told in Confession

How to Prepare for the Tribunal of Penance

Clarity& Honesty with One., Self and the Priest...

By

Confession we mean, not the wholeprocessoftheSacramentof Penance,butthatpartofitwhichconsists in telling our sins to the priest. The priest being in the capacity of a spiritual judge, and having to pronounce sentence in virtue of Christ's authority, obviously needs to know what the cause is upon which he has topassjudgment; fortheSacramentof Penance is asort of judicial proceeding,inwhich thepenitentisatoneand the same time the culprit, or prisoner ofsin.and the witnessofhisownprosecution. The principleofhuman law thatno one isbound toaccusehimself is superseded here by the precept of Christ commanding us to whisper our offences into the ears of His representative of our own accord, but only under the seal of an absolutely inviolablesecrecy.

Thechiefpointtobesettledis,What am Iobliged toconfess?

First of all, my ownsins, not other people's. All mention of third personsby name, and,asfarasisconsistent with the duty of Confession and ourneed of advicefortheperformance ofourown duty, all allusion to others shuld be carefully avoided.

Confession requires that sins be confessedin kindandalsosingly.

1.We must confess thekind ofmortalsin, and with sufficientclearness to enable the priest to understand definitely what we have done, and, consequently, must mention any circumstance that altersitskind, whether for the better or forthe worse.

But this duty does notoblige us to mention "aggravating" circumstances. What are these? The term refers to accidental circumstances of our offence, which make it more blameworthy, but do not substantially alter its theological kind.

Aperson sinsbyintemperanceafew hours after his Communion. or on GoodFriday,orisguiltyofasinof revengeful or unchaste thought in the Church. Any one of the circumstances certainly adds some malice to the sins in question, yet it does not alter itsspecies. On the contrary, asin of severe bodily assault upon aparent, a theft of furniture out of achurch or stealing twopencefrom astarving beggar,arenotmerelyaggravatedsins,but sins of ndifferent kind to what they would le without the special circurnstancesattendingthem.

Just as the mention of aggravating circumstances is not obligatory,sostill

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less need we enter into detailed description of the sin within its kind. Nay, in the case of some sins, this could on no account be allowed, and would be violating the instruction of TrenttotheeffectthatourConfession, though itmustbe"candid," must also be'•modest." If we are in doubt as towhetherwehave been sufficiently exactin telling our sin, wecanalways ask theconfessor,"Have Iexplained sufficiently?" Being trained in the law, heknowshow far you are bound to explain. We do not deal here withthedifficultiesand objectionssuggestedby thisdutyofgivingthepriest to understand sufficiently the nature ofoursin.

2.The numberof times amortalsin hasbeencommitted mustalsobe stated by the penitent—that is tosay,as far as his memory serves him after a reasonably"careful searching of conscience," orexamination of conscience, as we all it.

Of the amount of ex. amination required, more will be said presently.

Now, it ispretty clear that aperson whohas,foralltheaffairsoflife,abad memory will not find himself suddenly inpossessionofagoodonejustbecause heistryingtorememberhissins. No doubt light from God, which we implore before beginning our preparation for Confession, will help us a good deal. Butstillwemay findithardto count. One who was confessing after along absence from the Sacraments would propably find it quite impossible to beaccurate. The nearest he can get to is"about" so many times, or, say,"between ten and twenty times." This—given the reasonable caredemandedofhim—ishear enough forpurposesofConfession. Ofcourse, if after his Confession he remembers that the number he gave was notably wideofthe mark, he must correct the mistake inhis nextconfession. Thus, ifhesays"aboutfiveorsixtimes;"and then finds nut it was certainly eleven or twelve times, correction becomes necesary.

ButwhatifImistakethenumberof times, and never remember the true numbertoconfess it? Willthe times thatare notreasonablycoveredbymy approximate statement le forgiven by the absolution? Most certainly they will, because my inaccuracy was not wilful,andfwould have confessed the right number had Ibeen able to discoverit. Thesameappliestokindsof sins which have honestly escaped my memory. Of course, there is no obligationtogotoConfessionoftener(provided Imake my Easter duties year-

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ly) merely because my memory does not serve me well for an interval Wtween my Confessions of more than, say,amonthortwo months,

Both theserules—i.e„as tokindand number—applyevento"hiddensinsof thought," astheCouncil has explained to us, andnot merely to outward sins ofwordoract.

Fromwhat hasbeen said the follow. ing forms of accusation are evidently quite insufficient for ourordinaryConfessions—e.g.,"Ihavesinned,""Ihave committed many sins" or"many mortal sins." Neither kind nor definite number is stated. So, too,"Ihave committed mortal sins of thought," or "of word," is anequally faulty way of confessing. Again: "Ihave committedsinsagainstcharity,humility,chastity," states neither the precise kind ofsinagainst thosevirtues, which may be in thought,orin word,or in deed nor the numbet. (This form would do, of course, for that general accumtion of past sins which devout Catho. lies often freely add to the sins committed since their lastConfession!.

On the otherhand the more eduSated penitent might err another way. Without actually failing to indicate the general kindof sin or the number, it is possible by means of eircunilocution to express afault in the form least unpleasant to self-love. Agood deal of the time devoted to examination may be wasted in looking about for the"nicest way of putting things" —i.e., nicest tooneself. For example, wewillsuppose an angry tirade of abuseall false accusation might be confessed as"not speaking as kindly as Iought,"ortelling abig lieagainst aneighbour's character as"trot being as exact in the matter of truthfulness asIoughttobe."

In general,itmaybesaid that those will derive more abundant fruit from Confessionwhodonotspare their vanityand pride. If peoplefind that their (weekly or fortnightly Confessions become matters of insipid routine, or they donot"feel" as if they had been to Confession,possibly the explanation may be that theymake the processas comfortable aspossibleto theiramourpropre. Humannature being what it is, Confession will never become aformality if it be absolutely candid, and unsparing of self-esteem.

ExaminationofConscience.

What amount of care must we bestow upon thispart of preparation for Confession?

Only ordinary reasonable care. Extraordinarypainsandeffortarenotde. nranded. The care is to be suchasa sensible person would,according tohis abilities, give to aserious, andnot exceptionally momentous, matter of business.

The moreanxiouslydevoutare often naturally inclined to excessof self-examination andintrospection. TheCatholic spirit will, therefore, suggest to fidgety souls that they ought not to turn Confession into what the Church says it should not be, either for themselves or yet for others—e.g., by tormentingsomesmallchildwithprotract. edexaminationbeforeConfession.Overself-examination commonly springs trom alack ofconfidence inGod. We want tomake everything mathematically sureand"safe"by ourownindustry. A vain attemptl Let us convince ouselves that even were we to make amostaccurateGeneral Confession of our whole lives every day in thetweek, wecouldnever—so tosay— "be quits" with Almighty God. In our last hour we should feel—as all must—the need of throwing ourselves unreservedly on His Infinite Compassion.

It would be folly, for instance, for weekly ormonthly penitents to insist on•wading through an endless printed form of examination such as is to be found in some Prayer Books, which give alongstringof"Haveyou's"undereach ofthe Ten Commandments, the Precepts of the Church, and the

Seven Deadly Sins. This might perhaps be useful for one who has been for years absent from his religiousduties, but for very few others. From the very fact of their confessing so often—andnot tomentiondailyexamination in their home devotions—e.g., at night-prayers---the worst memories cannot need artificial aidsfor recalling their ordinary graver faults. And if, in any week, an exceptionally grave onehadoccurred,whyitwouldvividly and persistently recur to their consciences until they had got rid of it in Confession. Would they not be better employed, during the brief space they need for preparation, in exciting their hearts to deeper and more perfectsorrow, andarousingtheirtwillsto more determined resolution to elimin. atethemoresalientfaultswhollyfrom their lives? Then, perhaps, there wouldbenocauseforcomplainingthat their faults recur in the same number week after week without perceptible diminution, except as far as may he accounted for by accidental circumstances. Iftheywilltakethe trouble, asmall amount of reflection will probably show that their principal faults are reducible toavery few heads.

Why not examineupon thesealone? Anything else of extraordinary occurrence will suggestitself spontaneously.

Those who confess at longer intervals—say,everytwoorthreemonths— will probably needsomewhat fuller reflection on their conduct in order to reckon uptheirfaults, inproportion to the length of the interval. But here, too, excess is possible, especially on the partofthose whohavebeen told— perhaps over and over again—that they

are scrupulous, or scrupulously inclined.

Methodof Confession.

1. Preparation.—(a) Ask God's help to make a good Confession—i.e., to knowyor sins, torepentsincerely, and toconfessthem rightly.

(b) Examine yourconscience.

(c) Rouse yourself to sorrow and purpose ofamendment. \fake actsor contrition thoughtfully and earnestly before enteringconfessional.

2.IntheConfessional.—Shut thedoor well—if there is one.

(a) Beg the priest's blessing.:"Ble ,

s me Father, for Ihavesinned:" Then, without waitin¢. it is usual for the penitenttosayCiefirsth.lfoftheCon. fiteor("Iconfers to Aimighty God." etc., down to"throughmy mostgrievousfault. "

(b) Of your own accord begin at once totell yoursins. Itmaybe useful to state how long it is since your lastConfession, thoughthisisnotbinding. Accidentally itmight be—e.g.. if isaid,"Idid so-and-so three times a week": for this does not of itself enI'ehten the priest as.to the numbr of mortal sins committed altogether, unless heknows how many weeks have claspedsincemylastConfession.

(c) When all has been told, it is good to add: "For these and all my other sins Iam heartilysorry, purpose amendment,andhumblyaskpardonof God, and penance andabsolution.

(d)Listentothepenance,andtoany advice the priestmayoffer,oraskhim rwhatyou want toknow.

(e) Nfake afresh act of contrition and purpose while the priest is pronouncing the wordsof absolution. The priest will probably direct you to do thisof himself.

N.B.—Do not go out till the priest gives you some signthat hehas finished, especially if you suffer from deafness,oryou may depart without absolution,

3. After Confession—Say your penance,and then spend,ifpossible.afew minutes in thankingGod for His mercifulpardon.

N.B.—Tt is also good to preface our preparation forConfession with thanks forpastmercies.. Theremembranceof these contributes alike to sorrow for the ingratitude of sin, and to confidencein God'smercy.

Sir,—Iwant tothanktheRev.Albert Lynch for his letter in last week's issue. Iwant to thank him on two Korea. Hehasnot,onlygiven mean opportunity of expanding the views I expressedinmycriticismoftheTherry Society's production of "Quality Street": he has also revived an interest in the"Letters to the Editor" section of this newspaper; and Ifor one believe that agreat deal of interest can beadded to"TheRecord" by the regular publicationof the views of its readers. Icannot neglect a third source of gratification. Your corres. pondent'sletter,although inpart areproachful protest(noli me tangere), is very easily the best compliment that the"Discriminations" page has yet re. eeived. In this unsolicited testimony itiseven confidentlyasserted that the pageisaverypopularonewithagreat many readers of"The Record." It is to be hoped in thisinstance that the Rev. Albert Lynch can wear the man. tle of the prophet as gracefully as he has for many yearsworn the robes of Orpheus.

Itappears, onexamination, however, thatthe testimonyisnot disinterested, foryourcorrespondentgoesontomake this alleged popularity aspringboard for his firstplunge intoattack. By inference he suggests that thewriters of "Discriminations"maybe pandering to public taste. This suggestion is unworthy oLits sponsor,for the word "pander" has an emotive content of a particularly disagreeable kind: but sincethechargehasbeenmadeitmust he met, and the easiest way to refute Itistoasksimply: whatsortof popularity is that which is achieved by anonymity? And, further, can anyone really believe that the type of review appearing in "Discriminations" isaimedatmakingageneralappeal?

Which brings me to apoint Iwant to pressstrongly.

"Discriminations" was begun (about last September) with aview to incorporating in the local Catholic paper a nucleus of sound and fair criticism of manifestations appearing in our cultural life. There were tmbsidiary aims, of course, such as the consideration which gives warrant to the pre. sent series of literary sketches Iam conducting. It.was felt by the inaugurators thatas..far as was possible within the small confines of our time and space, we ought to do something to resuscitate the spirit of criticism whichfssuchanecessaryadjunctofall art. Wehadforalongtimeobserved with dismay that the dearth of objective criticism in our midst had led to allappallinglylowstandardof presentation in everycultural iphere. We werenotexpertsinculture,butneither (lid we believethatitwasnecessary to holdacertificateinagricultureinorder to separate thechafffrom the grain.

Our efforts must stand or fall by theirmerits. We'do notclaiminfallibility for our judgments. but we do claim honesty. To ensure the maximum amount of personal freedom w have concealed our -

identities. If one thingmorethananotherspursuson to maintain our efforts it is the know. ledgethatwearetheonlyindependent bodyofliteraryanddramaticcriticism in Perth. Ithinkyourcorrespondent weakenshiscase considerably when he refers with aplaintive sense of grati. tilde to the anaemic notice which ap. pearedinthesecularpress. It willbe freely acknowledged in informed circlesthatapartfrom"TheRecord"ven• ture, there has been no serious attempt at dramatic criticism in Perth since Mr. Paul Hasluck wasin town.

"de Gustibus" in Defence

Further Challenges of Criticism

don't think any of my remarks concerning the.Therries were as good as these, but Imight have come nearer the mark when criticising some of the Repertory Clubplays lastyear.

Your correspondent's declaration that criticism must "always be constructive and encouraging," intrigues me. For one thing it is logically in. consistent with his claim that my ill• fated review was "one of the most de. vastatingly severe and discouraging criticisms" he has ever read. If criticism is to be always encouraging, thenItake itthat itcanneverbedis. couraging,and soeithermyreview becomes no criticism at all or the Rev. Albert Lynch is guilty of confused thinking. That the latter is the case is evident to the veriest tyro. Who has no heard of destructive as well as constructive criticism? In opposition totheRev.Lynch'ssingulardictumon this subject, Imight quote anumber of distinguished opinions,but one will suffice. Arthur Symons, in his introduction to Coleridge's"Bfographia Lit. eraria," writes:"It isthe delight of a critic to praise, but praise is scarcely apart of his duty." The truth of thematterseemsto be thatcriticsare always getting into hot waterbecause of their penchant for saying unpalatable things about artists; and yet art cannot flourish without criticism. But let us forget the silly notion that a critic can do his jobbybeing"always encouraging." Some people need to bedefinitelydiscouraged,fortheirown sake aswell as the community's. -

Iagreewithyourcorrespondentthat the Therry Society should not be daunted by anything Ihad to say aboutthem,orby thelackofpraisein my article on "Quality Street;' If I couldhave praised with aclearconscience it would have been apleasure to do so; but my conception of the critic's function forbids both compromiseand hypocrisy. Ihavemy standards. Forexample,merefluency in lines is not an accomplishment, but a duty. When the Therries contracted toappear in public(andcharged arespectable admission fee) they know. ingly put themselves in competition with other dramatic societies in the city. They were considered on this level. Ido them the justice of believing they would not havewanted it any other way. Incidentally, it is verymuch intheir favourthattodate atany rate they themselves have not seen fit to complain audibly, although an adequate"medium ofreply" lies at their disposal. Much power to them for their forebearance. Icannot pre• tend however, thatthe attack has developed from an entirely unexpected quarter.

Iwant nowto comment on a few other aspects of your correspondent's letter. He describes my write-up of the Therry production as"one of the most devastatingly severe and discour• aging criticisms" he has ever read. These are strong words and very flat. tering, for they immediately place me as adenunciatory critic in the select rompanv of such celebrated people as Joseph BennettandWilhelmLubke,to mentionbutacoupleofthehostofdis. tinguished critics whose trenchant attacks on theearly Wagnerian festivals at Bayreuth must be well-known to the Rev. Albert Lynch. Bennett,'Writ , ing for the London "Times;" describ. ed Wagner's "Parsifal" as"patchy, disjointed, flightymusic—singularly wear. lsame and unsatisfactory": and .the same work wasinLubke's opinion"an endless desert of discouraging psalmodic recitatives—art dragged down to the level of commercial puffery." I

Which brings me to the programme Your correspondent has been good enough to class this matter as"con• tentiouc,"thusconcedingmemymajor premise. It only remains for me to add thatiftheTherriesconsciously set out to antagonise people seeking entertainent by offering them a"conten. tious' programme to start with, then theywill undoubtedlysucceed—in antagonising them, My own objections to the type of programme in question arefoundedonafeelingthatitoffends againstgood tasteand on aconviction thatsuch an approachtothe publicis psychologicallyunsound. Itmightbe useful at this stage toquote aremark fromW. B. Yeats, which seems to me to contain agreat truth. As Iam quoting from memory, Imay not be word-perfect,butthesenseisfaithfully rendered: "Only that which does not preach, which does not teach, which does not try to persuade, which does notm-outatus,isfinallyirresistible:"

all. On reflection it appears thatour viewpoints should not be irreconcilable. because in reality they are separatedbycommonground—'thelifeof faith and prayer" spoken of. We disagreeastomeanspotends. Asafinal magnanimous gesture, Imight allow that theanalogydrawn fromthenuns and their"swing band" is abit.florid. Iam not set on maintaining it, and only used it in the first instance to point to an extreme example of a changed outlook.

Iknow not whether Ihave acquit. ted myself creditably in this wordy battle, but Ido know that Igrow weary of an argument which all history declares will be fruitless. The defence rests.

DE GUSTIBUS.

Sir,—Withinthepastfortnightmanyof us have spent the last of severalpleasant eveningswith theTherrySociety, The object of the society, asIunderstand it,isto -

provide foritsmembers and friends; entertainmentwhichisat once recreational and infused with the spirit of Catholicism. Itsprogramme includes such varied activities as hiking, home-evenings and play acting, all, however, characterised by the acceptance of the Catholic ways. The recent production of"Quality Street" was not the least among its achievements. The elusive charm of Barrie wascaptured,asmuchbythecareand skill of theactors asby theinfectious spiritofpleasant people at apleasant occupation. The informal character of the Therry Society was maintained even in the cooler atmosphere of a public performance. The programme welcomed the guests with typical wordsofgoodfellowship; theoldworld Songs made pleasant interludes and created the atmosphere of another day; while the introductions before the curtain—very unprofessional tobe sure—werebutfurtherevidenceof the anxiety ofour hosts, lesteventheau. d;^nce should be left out of a good thing—andBarrie'sstagedirectionsare very good things indeed. Apleasant evening in shori!good entertainment, charming hosts, and everywhere the widecharityofChrist.

We were amazed, then, and pained to readin the last editionof"The Record"aharshandunjustaccountfrom adisappointedcritic whohadventured into aTherry,

meetingin search of"a full-blooded attack on the modern world,"onlytofindapleasantandCatholicentertainment. That there was an absence of high-seriousness about the Therry production, allwillagree— but thatisscarcely afaultin acomedy. That even the comedy was al. lowed to drop could be obvious only to It

critic who finds Barrie "wishywashy" and "outmoded," and continu. allytakeshisstandardfromHollywood

so sweeping-in their condemnation that, if only for their injustice, they deserve to be given the lie. Passing over the wellworn advice to be modern and yet be moral, and the digression on Baudelaire, crowd psychology, and the habitsofthe ostrich,we come first to the criticism of the actresses. If"DeGustibus" is, as we presume,1 man, his remarks about the leading lady are atleastunchivalrous. After all,wearedealingwithladiesandama. teurs of our own circle, not with the professional sirens of Hollywood. In any case, theywere, not only in the opinionofthewriter,but in that ofall with whom he has spoken,unmerited. It was plain enough that Susan wasa more mature actress, but Phoebe lacked neither charm nor skill, and her girlish freshness excellently suited her part. Even more surprising is the criticismof"theblueandwhiteroom;" based, one feels,eitheronignoranceof the conventionsofthecurtained stage, or on sheerlackofobservation. The neutral background of a curtained stage is alimitation impoised by the medium and generallyacceptedby the audience: the suggeston of colour is achieved by means of the properties. in this instance,every article of furni• ture Pwas blue or white, and the blue and whiteextended even to the china ornaments. Thegentlemen,too, came in for their share of criticism. This time it is their manners. It seems that they were unconvincing, since they did not conform to the gallant practices of the period. Here again, "De Gustibus"seems to havebeensin, gular in his criticism, since, after all, they maintained the dramatic illusion ofan olderworldformostofusinthe audience. As for the details of etiquette,our critic haslittle right tobe fastidious,sinceheseems satisfied that Hollywood did extremely well in presenting the heroine of"Pride and Prejudice"(floruit 1796),"in a Victorian setting,"

Finally, the desire for a "more conventional,and therefore less irritating, billoffare,"comesasasurprisingconclusion to alist of grievances, which have, so it seems to the writer, only one basis:complete ignorance of the purpose and spirit,and consequently, achievementoftheTherrySociety.

The critical spirit is not to be condemned in itself. Perthhaslonghad ' to bear the passingartistor company. ready tomeasure the quality and endurance of the audience by its size. Our only defence against such is to treat them with the same faint courtesyastheirohansliplshod performance reveals. But criticism shouldbemeasured to its object; the relentless and impersonal criticism of professional artists is ludicroub in effect, unhappy in its results,and in bad taste when applied to the meritorious efforts of an amateur society. "Meritorious ef. forts" is perhaps an unfortunate phrase, especially when attached to the Therry Society. To defend abody against criticism, even when it is unjust,merelyonthe -

scoreofmeritorious effort.istodamnwithfaintpraise.Rutthe Therry Society needs no such defence. The present protest is from one who is not himself amember of the society,butwho stands, hehopes, for the ordinaryprinciples ofcourtesy, justice andgood sense—in criticism as in

everything else. The excellence of the recent performance,and the plea• sure and satisfaction of the audience, are the best reply to any criticism. Indeed we all hope that "Quality Street" isonly the first of many ven. tures of itskind.

EST DISPUTANDUM.

Your correspondent has agreed with me onso many points that it seems a pity we should have anydifferences at

That theentertainmentdidnotappeal toeverymemberoftheaudienceisevi. dent from the remarks of one critic, but that it did not appeal to theaudience for whom it was intended, was belied on the night by the conversationofthe audience after the performance, and has been further disproved by the number of references heard since.Afterallourcriticisnotthefirst to have suggecsted amore spectacular openingoftheapostolate thanthegesture of kindness and good fellowship; but, asore all know, Christ Our Lord opened His public career, not with a descentfrom the pinnacleof the Tem• ple, butwith amiracleatCana, when water was changed into wine to help outacountrywedding.

Itwould be painful and profitless to go into the details of our critic's censures, were it not that certain of his remarks verge on per."nalities, or are

Sir.—ForsometimenowIhavebeen areader of your paper, and the Dis. crimination section. As anon-Catho. lic and avisitor to your shores, Ido not feelit,withinmyprovince toenter into the controversvbetween the Rev. AlbertLynchand"DeGustibus,"inre, lation to Catholicism and modern cul. ture. Nor with the Rev. Lynch do Iwish to comment on the merits or demerits of"Quality Street," beyond saying that having read in"The Re, cord" that itwastobeput on,Iwent alongoutof interest to see the show.. On the whole, Iam in agreement with those points in "De Gustibus'" presentation; at least they were fair comment andkhould be ahelp to the producershould he put on "Quality (Continued on Page 11.)

CATHOLICTEACHERS'GUILD

The second annual Retreat of the Catholic Teachers Guild wa$ held at Loreto Convent,Swanbourne, from De. cember26 toDecember28, some thirty members taking part. The exercises ofthe Retreatwere conducted by Rev. Father Lawler, S.J., and to the good Sisters of Loreto we are all deeply in. debted for avery happy and aholy Retreat.

Bacton house was the venue of a very pleasantsocial afternoon, held for countrymembers,onJanuary26.After• noon teawas served to some 24 mem. bergandfriends.

Ournext meeting isMonday, February26,at8p.m.,inthe GuildRoomat Bacton House. Rev. Father Murphy, the Guild Chaplain, will address members and friends.

U.S. SCHOOLS DROP SEE EDUONTiON.

After one experimental session, the Washington Board of Education has dropped sex instruction in its schools.

Moreover,Paul Mallon,,anewspaper columnist,indicatesthat Boston, Philahelphia,Baltimore and Richmond are following suit.

Giving reasons for the decision, Dr, James A. Gannon, amember of the Washington Board, said:

"Teachers asarule are nottempera. mentally fitted or competent to give sex instructions.

"Our experimental session became a circus for the students and an impossible situation for the teachers."

Public sex instruction has been de. nounced as pagan by the Bishop of Mobile, Mgr. Toolen. Addressing the Mobile Diocesan Council of Catholic Women, the Bishop said that the launching of the campaign to establish sex instruction in the schools "tends to State control of the child and is opposed to the freedom for which American boys are fighting."

The home, not the school, said the Bishop, is the right place for this in. struction.

Catholic Social Guild

One of the least known of our organisations is theCatholicSocialGuild. :Although it carte into existence less than two years ago, the Guild has ac, hieved quite alot since it was launch. ed. The broadaimof the Guild is to have Catholic principle of Social

Justice appliedin thesolutionof economic and other social problems.

Catholic ,Answer.

The first task undertaken by theor. ganisation was the sponsoring of the "Catholic Answer; which has been broadcast weekly foralmost twoyears. Tomaintainthissession,membershave given'agreatdealof their time to collecting subscriptions from Catholics, whofeel thatthey aredoing alittle in apractical way whenthey help to fin• ance the"CatholicAnswer." Jlteratune.

The Guild has been responsible for distribution of aconsiderable quantity of literature, particularly that concerned with the social question.

We wouldbepleased tosupplycountry parishes with selected publications of whichwe have aconsiderable stock, including:

"Design forDemocrats;" 2s.each.

"The Way Out-Co-Operation or ClassConflict. 6d.each.

"The Family"-Social Justice Statement, 1944. 3d. each.

"Pattern for Peace" -JSocial Justice Statement,1943. 3d. each.

ToJointhe Guild.

Any Catholic man may join the Guild. Activemembers meet at least weekly at the Guild Rooms, National Mutual Buildings. 881 St. George's Terrace, Perth, Mem

be rship involves paying asutascription of6d. perweek, or 28/- per year. Persons interested may Ball at the offices. or write to the Secretary, careofabove address.

AGLAD (MONTH.

February will be aglad month in your life if you win first prize,£2,000, in aCharities Consultation. Get a ticket today in the No. 244b Consultation. You never know your luck.

Living With the (;hutch

MASS CALENDAR FOR THE WEE&

February 26.--SecondSunday inLent: '.Hass proper. 'No Gloria. 2nd, prayer "A cunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th, prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of Lent.

February 26-Feria: Mass proper. No Gloria. 2nd, prayer "A cunctis." 3rd. prayer "Ornnipotens." 4th,prayerforpeace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

February27--St,Gabriel of Our Lady ofSorrows,Oonfessor: Mass proper, 2nd. prayer of the Feria. 3rd. prayer.forpeace.Tract. PrefaceofLent. LastGospel of the Feria.

Mass of the Feria. NoGloria. 2nd. prayer of St. Gabriel. 3rd. prayer for peace. Preface ofLent. Prayer over the people.

February 28-Feria:

Mass proper. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer A cunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent.Prayer over the people.

March1-Feria: Mass proper, No Gloria. 2nd. prayer "A cunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

March2-, Feria: Mass proper, No Gloria. 2nd. prayer "A cunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for the Pope. 5th, prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

March8:

Mass proper. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer "A cunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over thepeople.

Germans to Have Religious Freedom

Assurance that religious freedom will be respected and that churches will remain open ryas given the people of Germany in thefourth proclamation issued to the Germans in the name of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, and broadcastbyAllied transmitters.

"For more than ten years you have beenexistingunderaregime thatmadeunjust discrimination against innocent people into asystem of law," said an excerpt fromGeneral Eisenhower's proclamation to theGerman people, asre. ported by the Office of War Informa. tion. "Such laws are abhorrent to every sense of justice. They will not be tolerated by the Military Government.

"The MilitaryGovernment will strike down and abolish all Nazi-made laws which discriminate against and penal• ise any personorgroup on the ground of religion, race, nationality, language, or political opinion.

"Freedom to follow your own religious beliefs is returned to you by the Military Government. Places of reli. gious worship will be reopened, and may remain open. It is for you to preserve the sanctity of religious worship by preventing the abuse of this natural right. You will forfeit it if you allow religious gatherings to be misused for politicalpurposes.

"The Military Government will recognise the just claims of religious organisations for the restoration of propertystolen by Nazi organisations or persons either under the colour of law orotherwise.

'Saris who have penetrated into position ofauthority in any church organisation will be removed,and the churches purged of Nazi influence. Freedom of religion will be given to you,freeofhiddenterrorandrestraint.

"Notonlythelaws,butalsotheagencies, and the many devices that the Nazis have created to carry out their policiesof unjustdiscrimination on the grounds of race or religion.or nationality,or politicalopinion, will be wiped out.

Catholic Girls' Movement

Headquarters and Club Roos: Bank of N.S.W. Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace (near Sherwood Court), Rooms 7.10, First Floor. TELEPHONE: B4836.

•

CALENDAR OF ACITVTSES.

MONDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. to 6.30 p.m.

Liturgy:8p.m.

TUESDAY:

-Physical Culture: 7.8 p.m.

Orchestra: 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Shorthand: 5.15 p.m. to 6.30 p.m.

Dressmaking: 7p.m.

Arts and Crafts: 8p.m.

Red Cross, E.S.C.: 8p.m.

THURSDAY:

MASS: 8a.m.

EXPOSITION all day.

BENEDICTION: 5.15p.m.

Choir: 8p.m.

RRIDAY: Softball pracise:5.15 p.m., on the Esplanade.

SATURDAY:

Kalamunda Busy Bee: 1.15bus.

Tennis at Robertson Park: 2pm.

SUNDAY:

Tenisat Robertson Park: 2p.m,

•

SPORT.

Don'tForget:

1.ThatTENNIS is now held BOTH on SATURDAYS AND SUNDAYS, 2 p.m., at Robertson Park, Courts 7and 8. Court fee, 1/3.

2.ThatSOFTBALLpracticesarestill field every FRIDAY EVENING behind Christian Brothers' College, on the Esplanade, from 5.30 p.m. till dark.

3. That PHYSICAL CULTURE CLASSES have started again and are conducted each TUESDAY from 7till 8p.m., at the National FitnessCentre, 130William Street, Perth.

4. That YOU will be very WELCOME at any of these ACTIVITIES.

The next meeting is on February,28, when SISTER ROBERTS will LECTUREon"NERVOUSDISORDERS."

Apart from the usual rosters at Snack Bars, our Company has now beenaskedtoassistatSt.Anne'sNursing Home on week-ends. The work here.is most interesting,and provides an excellent ,

opportunity for girls to gain nursing experience which will be souseful tothemathome.

Will any girl interested see Edna Jermyn for further details.

CANTEEN SERVICE.

L.&A. Group:

Town Hall: Sunday, March 4, 1945

Phyllis Dean: Tuesday, February 27, 1945.

ARTS AND CRAFTS.

Oneofourcrazesat thepresent time is PAPIER MACHE work. Howabout paying us avisit one WEDNESDAY EVENING, andjust see foryourselves what active fingers can accomplish? Wearesureyou wouldbejustasinterested as the other keen members in thiswork. All materialsareprovided.

Metropolitan Social Oouacil.

As aspecial social programme is to bedrawn upbyCouncil thisyear,delegatesareasked toattendregularlyand report business to their branches.

An evening river trip has been arranged forMarch 1,andageneralriver picnic to Keane'sPoint has been arranged for Sunday, March 25.Tickets are 2s., and have been forwarded to branches.

Any members who are interested in formation of Dramatic Club and Con. cert Party are asked to contact the Secretary as soon as possible. Debatingteamsalso tobearranged.

Nextmeetingwill beheldon Friday, March 2, and afull representation is requested. -

"Poland is the Test" 'That Failed How the Ground for-Betrayal was Prepared Activities_oftheRussianSecret Police -

in Occupied Areas

British Protests which the Press Ignores

SomedetailsofthetragiclatethathasovertakenPolandinrecentmonths iscontainedisanarticlepublishedbythe London "Tablet."

The "Tablet's" story, whichis basedonreportsreceivedinLondonfrom Soviet-occupiedPolandfromOctober2toDecember2,1944,reveals:

ThePolishHomo(Army,whichfought so valiantly against theGermans, is being disarmed, andmanyof its members imprisoned or deported.

WholesalearrestsofrolesistheLublin district have been carried out s anymanyPoleshavebeensentto Russia.

TheN.K.V.D. (RusianSecretPolice) isactivein all occupiedareas,conscripting all availablemenfor servicewith General Berling's Moecow-camtrolledarmy.

People are beingforced byterror to join new political parties.

Theciviladministrationofthecountry is in chaos, and the spectre of famine is approaching.

DespatchesFromPoland.

The "Tablet" gives the following informationrelating torepressionagainst theHomeArmybasedonthesummary of reports received in London from Soviet.occupied Poland, between October2and December , 1944.

In the Lublin Province during the last 10 days of September, 1944, the District Commandant of the Home Army, delegates of the PolishGovernmentand theirdeputies,wereinterned.

Theorganisationofthe PolishHome Army was investigated by acommis. sion,consisting offourSoviet Generals from Moscow, whichdemanded the ap . pearanceoftheChief-of-Staffofthedistrictwithhisstaffofficersandregimen. talcommanders.

Duringthe first tendaysof October, theThird, Ninth and Twenty-seventh Divisions,which werefighting against the Germans, were disarmed, and sol diers were forcibly transferred to General Berling's units.

The release of imprisoned officers and soldiersof the Home Army took place only after they had signed de. clarations that they would enter Gen. eral ZymierskisArmy, in which they were assigned to special penal units.

The total number of Poles arrested in the Lublin Province reaches 21000. Nevertheless, there wasthroughoutthe Province complete unanimity in Loy alty to the PolishGovernment in Lon , don.

Inthe Province ofLwowthe Soviets began recruiting mennominally volun• tarily,but in fact compulsorily, during August, 1944. Someescapedand went westwards. Deportationsalsohadbe. gunbeforetheendofAugust.

From Tarnopol all men between the agesof1Sand55,andwomenup tothe age of 35, were deported into Russia. The Lublin committee, making every effort toattract adherents,wentso far as to threaten prominent individuals with deportation if they dirt not sup port the committee.

During the first fortnight of Octoberitbecameclearthat theillegal, but de facto,incorporation of the Province ofLwowintotheSovietUnionwastak. ingplace. ABolshevikregime wasin. troduced, this being especially marked in thesphereofeducation.

Stepswere takentoremoveall Poles by deportation orconscription,in par. ticularthoseofeducatedorprofessional classes. Soviet authorities openly boasted that there would be no Poles inthese territoriesbyJanuary 15, 19V

From the Province ofCracow it was reported thatduring thefirst ten days ofOctober the arrestofsoldiersofthe Polish Home Army wasin full swing, with man-hunts in the streets being a daily occurrence. Arrest of all officersandmenwasconductedjointlyby N.K.V.D. membersof Communist "Polish Workers Party" and units of General Berling'sArmy.

InthesecondpartofOctober, itwas reported that consignments of grain seized from farmers are being sent in theirentiretytotheRedArmy.

By theendof October arrests had reached great numbers in that part of theProvince of Warsawthen occupied

by the Red Armies. The Delegate of theGovernmentin Siedliceandseveral officers had been deported toSokolow. DuringNovember, 1944,thefollowing were among messages from Russianoccupiedparts of the province ofWarsaw, which reached London in rapid succession:"Terror, mass arrests and confiscation of weapons are daily in. creasing. Membership of the Home Armyisacrime. TheLublinCommittee is making strongefforts to form a new Peasant Party, a new Socialist Party and anew Democratic Party, with the assistance of the worst ele. ments.

LORDALFREDDOUGLASS APPEALSTOMR.CHURCHILL FORPOLAND

The London ' -

Evening News" of January 11 reports that Mr. Churchill has been in correspondence with Lord Alfred Douglass about Poland. The latterwroteto thePrimeMinisterfrom OldMonk'sFarm saying: "Iwritethis i letterfromwhat sprobablymydeathbed. Iwas given the Extreme Unction threedays ago. Iam writing as adyingman to imploreyouafteryour magnificent speech about Greece the other day not to fall into the-pit of dishonour which would be the result ofthe betrayal of Poland, to the people whom you yourself described-so long ago as'bloody baboons: Iam tooillto writemore,butIbegyouto considerthatifyouletdownthePoles, your own reputation, which is now at the highest peak, will be irretrievably damagedinthe eyesofposterity."

Mr. Churchill replied:"Thanks for yourletter. Youmaybesurethatwe shall notdepart in any way from our resolve that the independence. the domestic freedom, and the full sovereignty of the Polish State will be preserved. Icannot, ho

wever. agree that frontiers should not be adjusted, provided that Poland has a secure home and aresting place, fully ade. quate to the economic needs of her population. Itrust your health may be restored."

LordDouglass is theeldestsurviving son of the Eighth Marquis of Queensberryandisseventy-fouryearsold,

BRITISH M.P.ONLUBLIN— "SETOF CROOKSAND GANGSTERS"

TheLondon "EveningNews"ofJanuary 10publishesthefollowingreport: Allegationsthat Russia'stabbedPolandintheback,betrayedWarsaw,and isguiltyof murder, deportation and fiendishcrueltyinitstreatmentofhundredsofthousandsofPoles,weremade to-daybyCommander R. T. Bower, Conservative M.P. forCleveland,York. Addressing theSaltburn Rotary Club, CommanderBowersaid: "To-day, Poland is suffering martyrdom. Attacked by Germany in Sep-

tenrber, 1939, simultaneously stabbed in thebackbySoviet Russia,occupied andfoughtover. Thencamethegreat betrayalof Warsaw last August when, with SovietArmiesatthe gatesofthe city and Soviet wireless blaring day and night exhortations to the Polish Underground Movement to rise, they roseonly tobecynicallyabandoned to their fatg by the Soviet and.forced to surrender to the Germans after weelco of matchless gallantry. And to-day thePolishGovernmentinLondonfinds itself cold shouldered by the British Government anddisowned by the So. viet Government which has set up the so-calledLublinCommittee,acompletely unrepreesntative setof crooks, criminalsand gangsters. Public opinion here ispuzzledand uneasy, andin the recent debate on Poland in the House of Commons Churchill got the worst receptionofhis career as Prime Minister. Everyone of us has been filled with admiration of the way in which the Russianpeoplehavegallant. ly andsteadfastlyfought and suffered, butthatisnogoodreasonforthesense• lessandunreasoningadulationofevery. thing Russianwhichhasbeenindulged in by the B.B.C. and almost. all the press, and assiduously encouraged by the Minister of Information.

"Stalin is acold-blooded realist, and as agood Communist he naturallybe. lieves that truth, honour and straight dealing and so on are bourgeois pre. judices only to be made use of, if to do so is totheadvantageof Communism. In 1939, when he signed anon. aggression pact with Hitler and then proceededtoinvadeEasternPolandhe was acting from motives of pure selfinterestfromtheRussianpointofview. There is no reason to suggest that his policy has changed to-day. Russia is playing power politics and the AtlanticCharter hhs been torn to shreds. Howeverunpleasant, we mustface the factthatRussianimperialismissowing dragons' teeth in Eastern Europe to.

day.

BRITISHLABOUR BROADCASTON RECREATINGPOLAND

Miss Mary E. Sutherland, the chief woman officer of the British Labour Party,in abroadcast from Londonon Poland's Independence Day, said:

"You were the first nation to resist the commonenemy.Itisironical that the future of the nation which first took up arms seems today the most uncertain. It is our deepest hope that political differences, which divide Russia and Poland, may speedily be settled. One thing is clear, not only happinessofthe Polish people,butthe peace and the security of Europe require the re-creationof Poland: aPoland whosejust claimsare recognised, whose right to freedom is secure and which will cherish the spirit of democracyathomeandthespiritofgood neighbourliness abroad. The British people are determined that their old. est Ally will.be guaranteed an oppor-, tunity of building such aPoland."

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Lee —Thompson Wedding

OnAugust26, 1944,the marriagewas celebratedbetweenJoan Isabel, daughter ofMr. and Mrs. H. A. Thompson, of Loftus-street, Leederville, and John Frederick, son of Mr. and Mrs, F. A. Lee, of Stirling-street, Perth. The ceremony took place in St. Mary's Church, Franklin-street Leederville, Rev. FatherDellahuntyofficiating.

The bride looked charming in a white embossed satin gown and train, andhandembroideredveil. She wore aheart-shaped coronet, and abouquet

of white hyacinths completed her en. semble. She was attended by Misses Avril Daniels and Shirley Lee, who were attired alike in frocks of white net over green and gold, and white net caps. Both frocksandcaps were trimmed with small coloured flowers, and the bouquets were of coloured sweet peas. Mr. A. Gelle carried out th

duties of best man. and Mr. Denis Heaney acted as groomsman.

After the ceremony the reception was held at the Royal Park Club,

WILL MAJORITY OF CARDINALS CONTINUE TO BE ITALIANS?

The following editorial from "The Tablet"(England) explains why, in the past,ithas been to the advantage of the Church to reserve the office of Cardinal primarily from clerics of Italian nationality, but also states that thealteredstatusof the Churchin the present-day world demand arepresentationofthebodyofCardinalsmorein keeping with the universal nature of theChurch.

The position of the Church to-day is very different from, and very much strronger than, its position in the last century. But it may be doubted whether the actual machinery, an in. heritance from the very different setting of the old monarchical Europe, through which the Church administers heraffairs,is the machinery best suitedtotheworkasitpresentsitselfnow.

From the period ofthe Reformation and the Council of Trent down tothe lifetime of our older contemporaries there was no Italian nationality, and it was consequently to thegeneral advantage that the government of the Universal Church shouldbe conducted by men soplaced as to be singularly free from the passion which was more and moreamaster passion 0

iin the rest of Western Europe. That has now ceasedtobe true.

The late Cardinal Maglione, when it was put to him that an all too eager Italianpatriotismfrequentlymarksthe Italiansselected toserve theHolySee abroad,used toreplythatwhenaman entered the service of the Church he putaside his personalfeelings and his nationality became anirrelevance; but war has produced anumber of instances, very notably in Abyssinia, where this theory has not been borne out in practice.

Thereis,to-day.anItaliansentiment of nationality, which hascoloured the newgeneration.and has consequently made it less and less suitable or con

venientfortheChurchthatthestaffing of the Curia, the Nunciatures and the Delegations, should continue for long as

an Italianpreserve.

This is amatter on which there is virtually unanimousagreementoutside the VaticanCity State and Italy; and evennowthereismuchsupportamong the more enlightened and jar-sighted Italian ecclesiastics for the view that the time has come greatly to broaden the basis of recruitment, and to make the supra-national character of the Churchevidentinhergovernment.

Itisanotableand relevantfactthat the great religious Orders have never had any difficulty in choosing their heads from any and every national Province, and for some years past Rome has afforded the spectacle that while the Roman Congregations and theCuriahavebeen almostexclusively Italian, with Cardinal Tisserant as a lonelyexception,thegreatreligiousOr. ders have all had as their heads in Rome,non-Italians.

We should be profoundly grateful that the men of the Italian peninsula, and in particular of the Eternal City, have manned the high services of the Church through the centuries of the long and increasingly difficultphaseof aggressive and exclusive nationalism. No other procedure could have better servedasabreakwateragainsttheconstantpressureofnational States. The wholeabidingprincipleofchoosingIta. lianscanhe seen as acompromise between the national rivalries of the (;rester Catholiccountries—Prance, the EmpireandSpain.

McMullen —Omond Wedding

On January 24, at St, Aloysius' Church, Shenton Park, by the Rev. Dr, Collins, Charlotte, eldest daughter ofMrs.and the late Mr.A. Omoad, of 2Violet Grove, Shenton Park, said "I will" to Vincent, eldestsonof Mr. and Mrs, P. S. McMullen,of802 Beaufort-street, Mt. Lawley.Thebride lookedvery charming in apretty frock of hydrangea blue-with whiteaccessories. The reception was held at the bride's home, when friends gathered and a pleasant eveningwashadby all.

„

ONLY LANDISltMWrRUCTIRLE."

China's prolonged resistance to the Japanese, declares Father Mao, Chinese procurator of the vicariate of Nanking,hasbeenclue tothefacttrat herpeople live on farms. "If China" he said,"like somanyother countries, hadbeencompletelyindustrialised she would have been destroyed; in an industrialised nation, when factories and equipment are destroyed, the people are destroyed....Onlyland is indestructible." He pointedoutthatChina clearly demonstrated the strength of ruralcommunitiesintimesofwar.

Perhaps the outstanditig authority in England on Italian affairs is DonLuigi Sturzo,founderofthePopular(Christian Democratic) Party. His career has been one of social activity for the benefit of workers and peasants in his native land. He served formanyyears inthesuccessiveoffices of nfavor of Caltagirone, Provincial Councillor of Catania, and Vice Presidentofthe AssociationofItalianCommunes. He was also General Secretary of Catholic Action in Italy. He left Italy, preferring exile to life in a totalitarianstate. I

Rogers—Booth Wedding

Nownowvistasare openingup,and aswemayhopethatthe Allies

will re cogniseand jointlyguarantee aspecial status for Rome, as the chief religious capital of the world, soire may hope to see increasingly the government of theChurch there adequately reflecting herUniversalMfcsinn.

North Perth where the usual toasts were honoured. and numerous ' presents were received.

Mrs.Paul Rogers (formerly Miss Jeanne Booth,ofMosman Park), whowere recently married at St. Aidan's Church, Palmerston-street, Mosman Park. Rev. Father McArdle officiated. Mrs. Rogers hopes toleave shortly forCalifornia, where she intendsmakingherhome.

A.

Psychologists"Discover" Truth of Church Teaching on Marriage The Road to Happy Wedlock

When the honest searcher drops preconceivedtheory and preju

di

ce and wefghs the facts, how often he willfind that he has "discovered" atruth thatthepracticalwisdomoftheChurch has been teaching for centuries. current example fallsto our attentioninanarticleon marriageanddivorce whichappearedrecentlyinapopular magazine.

Theauthor isapsychologist, and he announces twith an air of radiant triumph thatmembersof his profession lave been questioning thousands of couples,"marriedandhappyordivorced and unhappyoveritall," and that "they have come to several important conclusions, andarrivedat somedefin . ite principles from which they can predict the chances of marital happinessor disaster,"

What are these"important conclusions?" Something new?

Notabitofit.

They are simply conclusions resultingfromthestudyofmen and women asthey are, ofhuman nature as it is, and hence they jibe with the age-old moral teaching of the Church.

Examine the questions used in this latest"modern" test.

It will be found in every instance save, perhaps, one, that the chances of success in marriage are rated higher when the couple fulfils conditions andmanifests atitudesthat are simply stock-in-trade in the advice that any priestwould give.

For example. "Were your parents happilymarried?"

Ifthe answerbyboth of the couple. is"very happy," the chances for their happy marriagearehighest.

If punishmentwhen they were children was given"rarely and mildly;" their marriage looks most promising; if they were punished "never" or "often and severely," it is abad indcation.

Chancesof Happiness.

If the couple are of the same reli. gion, theirchancesarehighest; if each of them has at least one brother and sister;iftheyintendtosetuptheirown home; if theyhave never been divorced; if their parents approve—in all these circumstances theywill have the greatest chanceforhappiness.

Evenin the questions that touch on birth control andkindred ills, the survey shows that practical marriage i9 Christian marriage.

Here we would expect modern psychologists to be in general far astray, as indeed they arewhen they concoct their theories; but when they come face to face with case histories, with the happy married ones and the unhappy divorced ones, what do thev find?

They find that the attitude of the engaged couple toward sex that guar anteesthehappiestmarriage isnotdisgust or indifference or intense interest. but the sane and Catholicone of "pleasant anticipation."

Theyfind thehappiestmarriageswill he those in which neither party hnr' anypre-marital sexrelations.

QUARANT' ORE

MARCH.

lst.—COOLOARDIE: One Day of Exposition.

End.—SONDININ: One Day of Exposition.

lyd.—SUBLICO: Forty Hours' Praver (16th.-18th.).

4th.—NORSEMAN: One Day of Exposition.

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"_,.PALMYRA: One Day of Exposition.

Theyfind that ifbothparties want childrentheirchancesforhappinessare five, themaximumscore; ifthey want no children, their score is0. To then question:"Are you entering marriage with the idea that you will not hav-. children until you can afford them?' theanskver"no'ratesa5;"yes"getsa 0.

On only one question Jn the lo+ would the Church enter a demurer: first knowledge about sex gets a5if it came from adoctor, and a lesser scoreif the parentsgaveit.

We would rate parents and priests highest,thedoctorsecond.

The iChurch's Regulation.

Thearticle,and the conclusions"dis.. covered" by these scientists is indeed unconsciously striking testimony to the fact that true science—the weigh. ing ofthe evidence given bythe facts —will and must always dovetail with the moral and dogmatic teachings of the Church.

The article and these remarks on it domore,too.

They show the essential rightness and conformity with the best aspirations of human nature of all the Church's moral code and legislation concerning marriage.

Too frequently do even Catholics thinkthat the regulations and sugges. tions that hedge marriage about are arbitrary decrees that some unsympathetic and puritanical Commission of Cardinals concocts for their own perverse pleasure and the confusion of the couple in love.

It -

is easy to forget, when our own personal case is at stake, that the Church's regulation of marriage(as of other things) is based on aprofound and centuries-long study of human nature, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

It is not acensorship imposed from without; it is the statement of an ideal that springs from the very stuff of human nature elevated by Grace.

Some time ago apamphleton courtship and marriage, written by five priests, was given this snippy and cynical review by avery liberal journal:"ATreatise on Marriage by Five Cslibatss." APrettyGoodJob.

Well, if this scientific investigation has any point at all, it is that the Church,mostofwhose theologiansand moralists are celibates, has for centuries now been doing apretty good job ofstudying and guidinghuman nature on theroadtohappymarriages.

All these"new" psychological conclusions can be found in any Catholic booklet or pamphlet that advises engaged couples.

It looks as though the psychologists areratherin the positionofascientist who, never having heard of Newton, excogitates the law of gravity.

It would be brilliant, but, oh. so unnecessary!—"America."

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iscriminations

"WE DIVEATDAWN."

1have frequently noticed that the film fare offering at the change of programme weekly theatres is often superior to the so-called long-run attractions at the remaining city theatres. "Squadron Leader X"" and "Holy Matrimony," tomentionbuttwo recentex• amples, were excellent films of their type and yet they only showed in the city for aweek. Another very fine film,"We Dive at Dawn," will have the same fate thisweek. Although it will have finished its city season by the time many have read this page, it will shortly be showing in Fremantle and the suburbs.

Thisisthekindoffilmin whichBrit• ish studios excel. Bearing the impri. maturof the British Admiralty, it has been produced with such detail as to be almost documentary. The underwater sequences have been brilliantly photographed, and one feels that he is one of the crew of His Majesty's sub. marine "Sea Tiger" throughout the long and exciting search for the German battleship"Brandenburg." The tenseness of the search is strongly salted with typical English humour. The acting honours are divided between John Mills, as the Captain, and Eric Portman, for his superb job of work as the torpedo hand. Neither of these actors has anything to learn from their fellow artists across the Atlantic. All the small parts are also worthy of praise, each seemingly hav ing been supplied with just the right actor to fill it.

—"GROUCHO."

O

"LUMBERJACK."

Ifear Iwould be neglecting my .duty to readers of this page if Idid not warn them about the above-men• tioned film,which,alas, isthe support ingfilm to"We DiveatDawn." Itis agoodexampleofthedreadfulrubbish thatis usually put on in city theatres as "supporting attraction." It is ut. terly wearying to have to sit through 'such slapped-up bosh as "Lumberjack" before the main film is •crecned.

The plot of"Lumberjack" would in. >.tlt the intelligence of a performing real, and Bill Boyd, as"IIopalongCassidy" will be an octogenarian long before he will ever be considered an actor.

—"GROUCHO."

HOLLYWOOD GOES RELIMOUS.

The film capital seems to hav: moved off on areligious cycle. Following thesuccessof the"Songof Bernadette" and "Going My Way," thelifeof Mary Magdalen, based on aplay byaFather .Murphy, and tarring lwrid Bergman, i- r.jw• being filmed. Certain Protestai.t c,rcles are said to have objected to the Jewish producers, because all 'these films are of aCatholic nature, but the reply has been that it is a !questiot. of profits. For one thing a Baptist film would not rate toohighly ;i., the importas:t South American mar• :ket, It is said that"Going My Way," starring Bing Crosby as a Catholic ;

priest (we believe he croons or some.thing to clear the parish debt) has achieved wide popularity. Many clergymen in the States have been observed hanging furtively around radio stations. Writing in the Chicago "New World." Father A. Lord, S.J., tells the story of ayoung priestwho was riding recently in the Chicago El. train,whenamotherandherlittleboy came in and sat across the aisle. The youngster spotted the priest, opened hiseyes wide,pointed anexcited finger and cried,"Mummy,look! Bingl"

Anothervoungpriestenteredasmall restaurant to find himselffairlysmothered with the polite and willingattentions of the little waitress. In view of thefactthat thesedaysyou're lucky if youcan evercatch awaiter'seye, he was alittle surprised. He soon got the explanation.

"I hope everything is the wav you lilt: f::!:h% coc-,

,l the waitress.

"Yes it'sexcellent," he said,stillsuprised.

"I hoped it would be. Iwanted it to be. Isaw'Going My Way' just last night,"

Bing, incidentally, on his recent return*from Europe, disappointed reportersbybeingmore interestedin the injusticeswhich he claimed were being committed in the French collaborationist trials than in the way the Parisgirlslooked. Ile admitted,however, that while in London hedid wan. der in to atheatre to see hone"Going My Way" was going, but finding only six other people there, he concluded that Londoners were more concerned with thebuzz-bomb. Bing states that he ascribes all his success to the pray ers of his mother. We think this is probablymoresincere than mostofthe things film stars usually say to the Press. We think fut-

Cier that either Mrs. Crosby must be apretty good prayer or God must still have asense of humour.

—TIIE •I00CHER.

"11166SAND ALL THAT."

When you see Williamanmary (with• out the heirsof their body conjointly) snake an entrance together back to hack on the stage; when you see the common man witness the king's sig. nature to the nlagna Carta because he was the only non-beneficiary under the deed; when you see Essex fallen from Elizabeth's grace suddenly remember that when in trouble he had to give heraring,andatelephone is pokedon to the stage and Essex dials Mayfair 8465—Yes, the Palace, please; when you see Broody Mary strutting on and off the boards burning here• tics; when you see the first four Han. overian Georges goose-step separately on tothe stage,throw aFascistsalute and sing asong in German; when you see allthesethings you willrealise you are enjoying something unusual in the way of dramatic entertainment, and you will be right. Your enjoyment will be all the greater if you realise such thingsasthe fact that theMagna Cartawasintruthaconspiracyagainst the commonpeople.

Wisecracks abound, Henry

W111. decrees that in future all monks shalt take awife, and theedict comes to I.e known as the Disillusionment of the Monasteries. King Canute, we find out, discovers that Brittania rules the waves—especially when they are receding.

'thereisno doubt that"1066 andAll That," asatire on history as it is taught in the schools,and the confu• sion it causes in the young mind, is one of the most consistently amusing books ever written, and the Repertory Club is to be highly commended for their effort to introduce it, with all its difficulties,onto the stageasamusical comedy.

Within the limitatiuns imposed by the stage and setting they did area• sonable job. As there were over thirty performers billed on the programme,itwould beinvidioustomake individualcomparisons, butoneor two of the bestscenes can scarcelybeomit, ted. Ralph Studdart, usually good for acomic role, maintained imper• turbable gravity as King John, and later as Iienry VIII., doing asort of musical chairs dance with his six wives. Asthe Magistrate in thescene where agum-chewing Columbus was tried for having discovered America, and Guy Fawkes, for having failed to blow upthe Ilouses of Parliament,Les Warrell must have made a special studyofthecharacteristicsofacertain one ofourSupreme Courtjudges. Nor. rie Stoddart imparted her usual air of calm assurance to several characterisa• tions. Butreally it would involvetoo many namesto remark on manyother good performances. What is not al• together usual in amateur theatricals, mostoftheactorsseemed toenterinto their roles with zest. Sometime ago on this page it,was commented to the effectthatit wasapity that some producerdid notgive Peter Batten arole in wh:ch he could act insteaIof being

just Peter Batten. In this play he had his opportunity. Like Bernard Shaw, however, we do not claim the credit.

The show was not without its weak points in certain features of product tion, direction and the musical score, but as 1have already overrun the space allotted for this critique, and in view of the initiative shown by the Club in departing from itr usual tradition, 1think that foronce Imight refrain.

Production was in the hands of Stan Loftus, andJames Goatcherdeserves a specialmention forthe work he putin on thescenery. Therewill be aspecial repeat performance on the night of Saturday, February 24.

—TILE 1100CHER.

OLITERARY SKETCHES.

No, 5: John Donne.

It is doubtful whether any English poetofthepasthasarousedmore interest among modern readers than John Donne.

Hewasbornin1571 anddied in 1631. Hisgreatclaimon our atten. tion to-day is that he speaks directly tousof things thatstir us profoundly. He is no Milton mouthing ponderous phrases, but apassionate young man who seems peculiarly akin to some of the most interesting poets of the presenttime—T.S.Eliot,JohnCroweRan. som, Allen fate and others. He is the acknowledged leader of the group of so-called"metaphysical" poets of the 17th. century, but his poetry is not so much marked by philosophical enquiry as by intense intellectual en• ergy issuing from acomplex personality thathappensto be living in an age of stress and confusion. Ile has the liveliest of witsand his work is fill o! surprises. Here is asample of it, tak en from "The Good-morrow": Iwonder, by my troth, what thou and I Did, till we lov'd? Were we not weandtill then?

But suck'don country pleasures, child. ishh-?

Or snorted we in the seven sleepers' den?

Twas so; But this, all pleasure's fan ties be. If ever any beauty 1did see, Which Idesir'd, and got,'twas but a dream of thee.

Donne showed the way to Hopkins and Browning in making the cadences of speech the staple of his rhythm. He "deliberately deprived himself of the hypnotic power with which aregularly recurring L•eat plays upon the nerves Ileneenedrhythmforanother purpose; his rhythms arrest and goad the read er, never quite fulfilling his expecta tons, but forcin him to pause here and to rush uu,here,;meriting pace and emphasis bo a: to Inmg out the full force of the meanint,.'(Jean Ben. nett:"Four Metaphysical Poets.") It is this revolutionary use of rhythm which makes his lyrical poetry so attractive to us. Consid.r how striking is the opening line of"The Canonisa• tion"—and remember that it was written in the 17th,century:

"For God's sake hold your tongue and let me love."

We shall probably get more out of this

brief sketch of Donne by looking rather closely at atypical poem. Here is his sonnet on "Death": Deathbe not proud, though somehave called thee

Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so;

For those whom thou think'st thou doatoverthrow

Die not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou killme.

From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be, Much pleasure,then from thee much more mast flow:

Andsoonestourbestmenwiththeedo go—

Restof theirbonesandsouls'delivery!

Thou art slave to Fate, Chance, kings and desperate men,

And dostwithpoison,war,andsickness

Andd

poppy, or charms can make us sleep as well

And better than thy stroke; why swell'st thou then?

One shortsleep past,we wake eternal. ly.

And death shall be no more:death, thouthaltdie!

The theme of the poem is belittle. meritofdeath,andsuch atheme,being

rare, cannot fail to provoke curiosity at least. Repeated readings bring home the full poetic force, and what would be in proseanoveland interest. ing theory becomes in poetry an emo. tional as well as an intellectual stimu. lant.

Briefly the thesis is this: Death has no power over men, because death is no more than ashort sleep through which we must pass to enter eternity, and in that eternity there shall be no sleep, no death. Therefore,it isdeath that dies, not we. Indeed,our best menshownofearofdeath(c.f.,."Those whom the gods love dieyoung.") So the poet rebukes death for assuming the role ofaproudtyrant.

Notice thatinspeakingofDeath the poet introduces aslow majestic tempo by using open-vowelled monosyllables ="proud ," "though,""some,""have"and by getting the full value out of "called," Then `the two potent words, "mighty" and "dreadful," are thrown ut to recall thtr'traditional awe attachabletodeath,andrightontop of these sobering adjectivescomeithe staccato denial:"for thou art not so." This change of speed is typical of.Donne. Not only does he vary the tempo of his rhythm with marked effect, but he also changes swiftly from one mood to another. In thispoem he opens in a demonstrative, argumentive mood, but before he has finished he is actually poking fun at death: "Why swell'st thou then?"—calling up acomical picture of death swellingvainly like afat but powerless little man.

This sonnet is asample of Donne at his best. Full of light and shade it appeals to the intelligence through argument, while not neglecting the care of the senses through judicious use of long and short vowels variations in rhythm and excellent balance. Ithink the highlight is the remarkably sonor•. ous and effective invocation:"Rest of their bones and souls' delivery!" organ-like in its music and obtruding itself into the argument like the grave monotone chantofamonks'choir.One cannot fail to be impressed, too, by the note of supreme confidence on which the sestet closes, in contrast with the sombre ending.of the octave. The paradoxat thefinishis amasterly ,:oup de grace,

—DEGUSTIBUS.

COWARDNOEL.

Noel Coward'sfondnessfordeclarnng "stupid' everyone and everything except Noel C. is delightfully satirised by Father Leonard Feeney, S.J., in alittle set of verses which he calls Coward Noel:

Astupid horse and cow they say.

Called for convenienceox and ass; Stood in astable munching hay; Aratherstupidkindofgrass.

It seems avillage girlwas there; Arather stupidsortof maid, Whose husband was acarpenter: Arather stupid kind of trade. HerChild waslyinginastall, Arather stupidplaceto sleep, Andstupid shepherdscame tocall With stupidlambs and stupid sheep.

Andangels sang,etcetera. Some songs of this world and the next.

rather stupid sort of text. A

Letters to the Editor

(Continued from Page 5.)

Street*' again. I personally would have Ixen disillusioned had Discrim• in:ikons departed from its refreshing standard of objectivity, merely be , cause the play was being staged by a t:1111,111cmrtety.and so, I have no doubt, would most people who were n,

timbued, as"De Gustibus" puts it, t.:ch aspirit of"varental pride or partisan encouragement:" - Moreover, Iwas aware front a write-up some weeks previouslJ in your columns that the TherrySociety wasanewven. tore, and as such had already solicited my sympathies. As anew body, I think the Therry S()ciety must feel fl..ttered, and were indeed fortunate, that yourcriticshouldhavedevoted to it such acareful, even if frank, review. and one which avoided the odium of mentioning at,) names. From what I have read of the page in question, I think it hardlyjustor charitable to allege that the critics take a "vicarious pleasure in the handing out of apainfullysevere criticism tobudding writers and players.' Incidentally, as an enthusiastic follower of the science of Semantics fmustprotestthattheword "vicarious ,

seems tohavebeen used regardless of its philological connation.

Still in this, 2nd in like matters, the Rev. I.vneh, like myself, is perfectly nutled to ht:own opinions. Thereal point on w':n1, 1want to join issue with him lie in hr statement that entic•iwn"irt, take into account all the circumsi:nces surrounding it per. formance and 3hvays be constructive -::nd encouraRmg•"

It this° be so, Ifear that the necessity o having to insert frequent parenthesis would render the critics a'.nn•-•t inarticulate.',%'emight beenter'ained by reading:"In the new <ho•- a, toc'.omcrly last night the ieror g

lade (\firs So-and-Sot present• ed awashe,l-out appearance—this had the svmoa ,

limie unrierstandine of those who.,ad been at the s:mte party the preei•us night. By way *

of a helpful suggestion, we recommend -to remove• that• ,

mg-over."

Or we might -

find something like ',lark Twain's review of aShakespearean pr)dcction: "The new sbntr last nightwent alongverywell indeed: Mr. illank, in particular, gave asplendid performance. To the casual visitor this might not have appeared so, but then the casual visitor could hardly have known in advance how bad an actor Mr. Blank really is. That Miss Dash filled the role of Ophelia to

DEATHOFMRS.MARYB. MULCAHY

Thedeathoccurredatthe Kunnunop• pin Hospital, on Tuesday, January 30 of Mrs. Mary Bridget Mulcahy,

of "Kingswell:" Yelbeni. Born at Tipperary, Tipperary County, Ireland, 04 vears ago, the late Mrs. Mulcahy came to Western Australia in 1902, and the same year married the late Thomas Joseph Mulcahy, at St. Patrick's Church,Fremantle.

After nine yearsspent in commercial interests in Fremantle,she accompanied her husbandtoYelbeni, wherethey took up virgin land and developed a large farming property. Pre-deceased by herhusbandin 1935, sheissurvived by five sons, four daughters and thir• teen grandchildren.

She took an active interest in parish affairs, andwas amember of theTray ningbranchofthe Sacred Heart Sodality.

The late Mrs. Mulcahy will he long remembered by her many friends for herkindlyIrishwitand ready hospitality. Though in failinghealth, hercourage and faith sustained her, and she wasanexampletoall thosewithwhom she came in contact. To use the words of an old friend,she was, "A glorious type of Irish motherhood, beautiful and grand,and she loved her holy Faith. like the Saints of God:' She passed peacefullyaway in the pre• Bence of Rev.Father Benedict,O.S.B„ and of ofher family, Requiem Mass was celebrated at St. :tlarv's Cathedral on Thursday. February 1, inthepresenceofalargegather. ing of friends and well-wishers. The

perfection wms obviou (at lealtt to those who had seen her previously in the role of Desdemona)... The well. known scenery and costumes were much more appropriate for this play thanthey havebeen fo•any other this season:"—Yours, etc.,

NIL NISI VERITAS.

Sir,—Will you please allow me, through "The Record," to voice my appreciation of the Rev, Father Ly-nch's ableand just condemnation of the criticismgivenby"The Record" to the Therry Society's recent performance. Iknow neither the play nor the players,butIknowenoughofamateur dramatic feeling to realise how galling it is to be crushed by criticism bordering on vituperation and carry ing noencouragement to better things. Being Catholic with a high spiritual aim,"Introibo art altare Del," the Society's initial performance merited i,indlier consideration from our Catholic weekly. Yet your contributor rated it as less than one of the many dramaticeffortsthatcomeand go with the passing years, and took two columns to say so. AsIhave previousIv:old you, Ithink"Discriminations" i', an ugly page. Stressed as it is in "The Recon'," one might be pardoned in. thinking tbitattendanceatpictures an(' othet shows is part of a Catholic rule;' life.—Yours, etc., E. itl. WALSfi.

Sir--Though fea`ful of rushing in like a "fcol,' where-ritici ,

ing"angels" tread, yet would Ilike• even as amere woman, tosaythatit plenscd me greatIN. to read Rev. Albert Lynch's mild, butfirm, though gentlemanly, criticism on "Discriminations:" for it hurl seemedtomebothunkindandunwise in one v

assessing afacile pen, in aprominent oosition inour one and only Perth Ca• tholicpaper, togivesolittleencourage• ment, nay,worse, to"larnn with faint praise," ayoung Catho:f- society such as the Therry Society, members of which are actuatedby.noral(howrare these sadclays) and good Catholicprinciples. A struggling dramatic compnnv of this description deserves great encouragement. In ce,tain cases"silence is golden," even silence Of the pen —Yours, etc.,

E. I'llRSF.

funeral tookplaceto the privatefamily plot at Karrakatta, where she was laid to rest beside her husband.

The chief mourners were: Messrs Dan, Ned Tom and Pat (sons), Mes• dames W.Godfrey,E. MacLeod,

J. Fin. negan and Mollie(daughters), Mrs. M. Cosgrove (sister), Mrs. D. Mulcahy (daughter-in-law), Mrs. T. Mulcahy (daughter-in-law), Theo Mulcahy (grandson), Mr. E. MacLeod (son-inlaw).

The pall-bearers were: Messrs. A. 11. Gale, J. O'Meara. D. C. Perrott, J. Pierce,senr., J. Pierce, junr., hl. Cranlev, T. S.Barry, and W. Grogan. .Among thosepresent were: Mesdames S. Lawson, W. Back Ni. J. Byrne, E. Byrne, D. Byrne, T. O'Loughin, G. Kinloch: :hisses SMulcahy, E. Mulcahy, K. Cosgrove, P, Cosgrove (nieces); Messrs, M. Cosgrove, S. Lawson. E.P. Byrne, D. Bvrne, T. Corcoran,M. J. Byrne, W.Wicks, an.l Dr, H. Mulcahy (nephews); Mr. 91. Cos• grove (brother-in-law); Messrs. L. Davies, E.Stack,P.Keary,W.Grogan, A. H. Gale, J. Moroney, G. Wise, D Gallagher,H. N. Williams, M. Lenane, B. Mattner,M.Cranley,W. Malone,T. O'Connor, J.'.Mackay, D.C. Perrot, W. Riley, J. Pierce, senr., J. Pierce, junn, T. P. Barry, J. O'Meara, T. Cranley and J. Barnes: Mesdames W. Riley. McGrath, , A. II. Gale, R. M Seddon, M.Gale, E.Travers, Egan,

J. Moroney, M. Perrin. M. McMahon, J. C. Brennan,J.McKav,A.Langoueant,J.Shersinger, and Miss B. MacKay. Numerous telegrams, letters and cards of condolence were received,and also many beautiful floral tributes.

The funeral arraneements were car• ried outby Messrs. Bowraand O'Dea.

CENTRAL CATHOLIC LIBRARY• 36FIER ST6EET,PERTH

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PERTH, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1945.

The Betrayal

as the mere acquiescence of Britain and America in the faceof aRussian military fait accompli. There is every,

SPECIAL COURSE OF LENTEN SERMONS.

The cnur>e of Lenten Sernnons at St. Mary's Cathedral, will hecontinued by Rey,. Father J Sexton. C.SS.R, on Sunday evening, February 25.

Catholic Broadcasts

Sunday, March 4(1st. Sunday of the month):

MissaCantata from St. Mary'sCathe. dral. The preacher will be an Oblate Father, The Choir will sing aPolyphonic Mass (unaccompanied), "Orbis Factor" (Vittoria). Credo No. 4and .the motet. "Ave Regina Coeloru " (Suriano), at the Offertory.

Sunday,March25(7.90 pm, 6WN): Broadcast of Evening Devotions from the Cathedral. Preacher, aRe. demptorist Father.

The Catholic Answer:

Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Ste Lions 6PR anr, 6TZ.

PLAIN CHANT PROGRAMME FOR 1945.

ArcObl'00060

ARCHBaSHOP'S ENGAGEMENTS.

February 2310 a.m.: Quarterly Conference at Chapter Hall Victoria Square.

7p.m.: Confirmation of adults, St. Mary's Cathedral.

March4-

7.30 p.m.: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at Church of the Holy Rosary, Nedlands.

March 11—

Morning: Confirmation at Sacred Heart Church, Mount Barker.

Afternoon: Bless extensions to St. Joseph's School, Albany.

Evening: Confirmation at St, Joseph's Church, Albany.

February27-

9a.m.: Preside atSolemnHighMass and afterwards officialy open First Diocesan Conference of the National Catholic-Rural Movement at the Re. demptorist Monastery, North Perth.

March 17 (St, Patrick's Day)9.30 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High MassatSt. Mary'sCathedral.

,may not have been intended as ahint, but in the light of wnat is known to-day it is obvious that Britain has placed self-interest above the commongood. Her intervention in Greece was to preserve her interests in the Mediterranean, the price of which was a carteblanche in Poland and the upper Balkans.

reason to believe that the Fifth Partition was agreed upon at the Teheran Conference in 1943, and that Stalin withheld military co-operation with his western Allies until he had definite assurance that Britain mould support Russia's claim to three-sevenths of Polish territory. Apart from the terrible dishonour in which thebetrayal of Polandengulfs the Allicd cause, it is sickening to realise that after all the fine words of the Atlantic Charter and the Churchillian eloquence the old game of power politics is being replayed in Europe on the grand scale. When the British Prime Minister announced the dismemberment of Poland to the House of Commons just before Christmas, the Greekcrisis wasatitsheight. The juxtapositionofthe two issue., s

Their can be no pretence that there was nothing Britain and America could doaboutit. For, since the breach of Russo-Polish relations in 1943, the Soviet has said quite openly that it was "an internal Russian question," while "Pravda," attacking the late Wendel Wilkie, ominously declared: "Russia knows how to deal with Poland, Finland, and the Baltic." So that nobody has any title to be shockedat the fact. Litt for those who really,

believed that moral issueswereat stake, that wereally began to fight Hitler because right must prevail over might, there is the most bitter disillusionment. The Anglo-Polish Treaty of 1939, the Russo-Polish agreement of 1941, the Anglo-Russian alliance and the Atlantic Charter all become scraps of paper. The fact is that there is no legalor moral basisforthe Partition ofPoland. Andthe proposal toredress the Poles in East Prussia and the Baltic is the sorriest pretencethat oneproblem can be solved by thecreation of another. The legitimate Polish Government and the Polish Commander in Italy have justly declared that they cannot accept the Crimea decisions, for they know, and the world knows, that they have been thrown to the wolves.

Mass No, 2(Fopsbonitatis), Credo No. 3, AveVerum Panis Angelicus, Ave Maria,Tantum Ergo No.3, Adoremus No. 15, New Benediction Manual(Sir RichardTerry), or No. 2Gregorian Manual (Dom S. Moreno, O.S.B.).

Particular attention is drawn to a very common fault, that of extending two count notes for an extra count in order to breathe. This is easily obvi. ated by forbidding the singers to breathe at these and other obvious places, but allowing them to breathe whereverelse they like. No two will breathe at the same place, and so no ungainly gaps will be noticed. An. other fault is that of ignoring long notes and other signs of length, also that of hurrying ternary groups, thus making the time and rhythm uneven. These may be considered as very seri• ous faults, and there is little merit in anyperformanceofthe chant in which they are retained.

ANEWPARTaMASS APPROVED,

There hasarrivedasmall stock ofa very simple three-part Mass by Dr. Griffiths, or New Zealand (Missa Simplex in DMajor). Only the Kyrie, Sanctus, Benedictus and Agnus Dei is given, the restof the Mass to be sung inGregorian Chant. It is in thepoly. phonic style, very simple; each part is in range of any voice, and somay be sung by any type of singer. If it is accompanied, it can be sung ineither one, twoorthreeparts. Forthethird part, the composer had in mind the boys of the upper classes of aschool whose voices have changed. It could be sung by any choir, no tenor being needed: the third part, however sing. able by such avoice. Atpresen,

tNic• holson'shave copies.—(Albert Lynch, Diocesan Director of Sacred Music)

March18:

12.30 pm.: Attend Celebrations in honour of St. Joseph at the Little Sistersof the Poor.

8.30 p.m.: Attend Annual St. Patrick's Day Concert, at His Majesty's Theatre.

March 19-

9.30 am.: Preside at Solemn High MassatSt. Kieran'sChurch,Osborne Park, on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee of Ordination of Rev. A. Langmead.

8p,m.: AtendAnnualMeeting of the Holy Name SocietyatChristian Brothers' College, St. George's Terrace.

March 25 (Palm Sunday):

11 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral. Solemnlyblesspalmsandpresideat SolemnHighMass.

7.30 p.m.: Confirmation and Visita. tion at Our LadyHelp of Christians Church, East Victoria Park.

March28 (SpyWednesday)— 7.30 p.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral, Preside at Office ofTenebrae.

March29(HolyThursday)8.45 a.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral, Pon tificate. 7.30 p.m.: Preside at Office of Tenebrae.

March90(GoodFriday)10 a.m.: St. Mary's Cathedral. Pre sideatMassofthePresanctified. 3p.m.: Attend Stationsof the Cross 7.30 p.m.: Preside at Office of Tenebrae. March 91 (HolySaturday)8.15a.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral. Pre. , side at Solemn High Mass. April1(EasterSunday)11 a.m.: St. Mary'sCathedral. Pontificate.

THG'1'ITLE. OF TIlF. FORTHCOMING PUBL.ICATiON, "Papua in Peace and

By H. F. BITMEAD.

War"

HAS BEEN ALTERED TO:

Even more intolerable than the cession of so much territory and the transportation of 13,000,000 Poles, on the one hand, and of 7,000,000 Germans on the other—"abarbarism practised by the Assyrians 2,500 years ago"—is the recognition of the Lublin puppet Government,created in and directed by Moscow. One of the chief glories of the Polish resistance was the unchallenged vaunt that not asinglequislinghad been found in theirranks. Yetnow they are asked toacceptas rulersaset ofmen whoare hirelingsof the worst sort. Are the Poles who are fighting gallantly in the British services, andthe survivors'ofthe heroes who lately died in betrayedWarsaw, to accept for Poland the position of a puppet Republic, at the mercy of its own Communists, always looking to Moscow? Not, please God, while there are free and honourable then on the earth.

"The Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels and The Australian Digger"

An enthralling story of No pages, protusely Illustrated, to be publishedshortly.

Theauthor,aWest Australian,hasspent 10 yearsinPapuaasamedical officer and teacher, and has an intimate knowledge of all parts of the country and thevarious tribes.

Afterthree years in the Army, Warrant Officer Bitmead was taken prisoner by the Japanese, but subsequently escaped. How he walked twice across New Guinea, saving the life of an American colonel, makes agripping story.

A 1.

Atlantic Charter Applies to Whole World Except India Poland, the Baltics, the Arabs and of

*Irrevocability of Political Ideas

TorpedoedCharterWill

Sound Like Legendary Bell

The,AtlanticCharter, now sunk in thewas (torpedoed, says WalterLippman), willcontinue to sound like the legendarybell

... thepeoplewlllhear that soundand rise at the opportune momentagainstthosewhowsrreresponsible forit and discharged

Luigi S

of it turso,anotedIt facile alian Priest ve, writes Don leaderexiledbytheFascistState.

ThroughMr. Eden first and Mr. Churchill shortly after (February, 1944), from the British Government has come the declaration that the At. lanticCharterdoesnotapplytoenemy countries. Ithastakentwoyearsand ahalf tofind out,butbetterlate than never.

Mr. Churchillisinaway consistent; soonafterthefamousCharterwassign. ed, he declared that it did not apply to India(September, 1941).

Then, followingpolitical undulations, theCharterbecameatalisman,andall countries were invited to signit, Russiaincluded.

No sooner had Stalin(or his representative) signed it than the world

HOLIDAYRESORTS

MASS TIME TABLE.

Cottesloe:

Sundays: 7am.: 10 a.m.

NorthBeach: Sundays (from Dec. 24, until further notice):9.30 a.m.

Rockingham : Sundays (in Januaryl: 9a.m.

Scarborough: Sunday's: 8a.m.

was told that the Government of the Kremlin intended to reserve its rights in respect of the territories which it hadmadeitsownbeforeentryintothe war (1941), that is, the Baltic States, halfPoland,Bessarabiaandpartofthe Dohrudja. These people would 'not have the benefit of the Charter, be. cause their destiny had already been settled by Stalin in agreement with Hitler.

AltanticCharter for the Arabs? For Africa? For the peoples of the Levant? Whoever thought of them?

Let us notspeak-ofItaly. Itistrue that she is already co-belligerent, but what are the Italiansdoing? We are told they are"apathetic." Well, for the apathetic(besides the colonial empire already lostforever), noAtlantic Charter even if Stalin exchanges his ambassadors.

So,little by little,theAtlantic Charter has become asmall family affair, to be stressed or soft-pedalled accord• ingtothe humourofthepartners.

There is areason forthis.Theshade of Wilson is there, to trouble the dreams-

of the Big Three. Once was enough with the system of commitments. Wilson promised and could not keep.his promise; and he left behind him innumerablevestiges. Even to-clay people speak of Wilson's Fourteen Points. We havehad enoughof it(so the Big Three says) and we do not wanttogiveoracknowledge rights toanybody. Wewantfree hands!

Blessed words! Free hands are what are wanted in thechaos of to-day and to-morrow. For if every Nlihailovitch or King PeterofSerbiaor Badoglio or de Gaulle or the Greek Partisans or even Tito, yes, even Tito, come forward claiming rights, London will be able to say thatneverhas she entered intoanunderstandingwithanyoneand' that she canonlyadapt herself to circumstances. "Waitandsee" isan old motto, and in antiquity there is wisdom. Englandknowsitbytradition: no involving Charters . .. beyond .Nfagna Carta.

Stalin agrees; indeed he knows now to make his companions swallow his claims. HisCharterisaRussian one.

The Americansareonthorns. They think:"But we were better off in isolation." And of Roosevelt they exclaimwith Moliere,"Que(liable allait•il fairedans cettegalere?"

Such is the position. The Atlantic Charter, after so many torpedoes ,

is well and truly sunk.

Orsoitseems.

Course, the Enemy

obliged to accept labourlegislation, wcial insurances, new deals,'collective bargainingand theexistenceanddevelopmentoftradeunions. Whenit isa case of an"idea-force." physical force candonothingagainst it.

Second World War, That is why against those whosay that the Atlan. ticCharterisnomore,wesay that the Atlantic Charter lives on.

There was, however, an exception. After the Charter had been forgotten, and only Roosevelt(for thehonour of his signature) had commemorated it sotto voce in August, 1943, came the ConferenceofTeheran. Here(seethe coincidence!) theBigThreehadajolt, theiramnesia vanished. The Atlantic Charter? But, of course, it should apply to Persia(pardon, to Iran), whole and entire. The to remainsinproof: itcalls fortheparticipation of Iran and other countries in the establishment of international peace "in accordance with the prin. ciplesof the AtlanticCharter."

Let us be clear: this is not in any case afinal word. It may happen that Stalin will change his mind ("for in thevoluble,frivolous-worldwefind —wisdom must often come to change ourmind;"sangTasso). Itmayhap• pen that Churchill will have fresh views.And Roosevelthasonhishands thethorny(orratheroily) affairofthe petroleum tobe carried to the Persian Gulf. Then it might be go6d-bye to theAtlanticCharterforIran

... orfor Iraq(hasanyone spoken of Iraq?), or for Satidi Arabia(vet another?).

And Turkey? Well, if she remains strictly neutral and does not hernme acohelligerent, and does not allow Allied ships to pass into the Black Sea. sooner or later we shall have a declaration that "neutral' without belligerent qualifications cannot enjoy the AtlanticCharter.

So many think. Walter Lippman, for example, who has sung a funeral elegy not only over the rights of the BalticStatesandPolandbut alsoover those of Turkey inrespect of the Dar. danelles and all those tiresome little States that exist, including Denmark, whichobstinatelyclosed,orallowedthe closing of, theSkagerrakand Kattegat.

Suchgoodpeople(Lippman isnoex• reption) appraiseonly political power, wealth ofsoil,industrialpotential,military strength, and forget the moral power of great truths and the Psycho— logical powerof"idea-forces."

The British can remember the case of Home Rule for Ireland. Whether promisedornot,when the wordHome hadbeen an accepted by theIrish, itwasimpossibletowithdraw it. It remained a stumbling block for British policy until Ireland, at the opportune moment, revolted, and was ableto become first aFree State,thenproclaim the Republic,and finally to proclaim neutrality in the presentnear. The history of Home Rule is not yet ended: there are still theSix Provinces,and we shall see the sequel.

Itcontains,indeed,asumofethnical, economic, juridical and political principles, responding to the evolution of modernahought. Itisimmortal. No onewillbeabletokillit,neitherEden

Rule launched d td nor Churchill nor Stalin. Those whohavedeniedithavedonesosimplybe cause theycannotkillit. Andifthey believe that they'have killed it, it risesagain, foritholdsinitselfjustice, which is immortal.

And India? Whether her constitu. tion as aDominion was promised or not, for twenty years India had been one of the Plagues of Egypt for England. Now the phaseof anindependentDominion within the frame of the BritishCommonwealth may be said to have beenoutgrownby the new phase that will come after the present war, that of fullindependence. This even Lord Halifax has recognised.

And the Balfour Declaration for the Palestine Zionists? Whatever attempts are made to attenuate, rectify, alter orcancelit,itistherewithallitsforce, and no Englishman will be able to change aline of it.

Wilson was an idealist who lacked thestrengthtorealisehisideals,buthe succeeded in fiding in the concrete various international laws in the type of the League of Nations. Whether promisedornotby Wilson or by America, thelaws make their way even against the will of men, and mark the path of history even if this path is smokingwith blood. To-day the League of Nations cannot be denied; it has entered into the consciousness of the peoples. If Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin betray such principles(victory or no victory) their act will fall upon their own countries, who will pay for it as theyhavepaidandarepayingwiththe

What does it matter if the German tomorrow will not be able to appeal to thisCharter,to assert,Idonotsay his rights, but his elementary moral interests? It is of these that the Charter speaks. There will alwaysbe anatural appeal. The Charter did not invent the rights involved. No Charter invents rights. Every Charter comes at agiven moment of history because existing rights have become ripe for recognition.

Andwhenrightsareripe,noonecan cleric them withouh co,nmitting an injustice and receiving the consequent punishment.

The Atlantic Charter, even sunk in the seas. will continue to sound like the legendary bell. The peoples will heard that sound and will rise at the opportune moment against those who were responsible.for it and discharged themselvesofitbyafacile negative.

The shades of Roosevelt and Chair. chill, those of August 14, 1941, in the middle of the Atlantic, will return be. fore and during theThird World War, as to-daytheshadeofWilsonoften returns to remind forgetful sons and grandsons how they felt the heart• throbs of the peoples calling for their rightsatatimelymomentforthepeace oftheworld.

But Roosevelt and Churchill, who signed the Charter in the dark hours cftheirpeoples,whatevertheymaydo and say to-day will never be able to cancel the responsibility that will weighforeveronAmericaandonGreat Britain, for the moral,obligation assainted towards the world on the hisk tnricdayofAugust 14, 1941,

Metternich, too,when Napoleon had been defeated(whoforhimand others wasthe Hitlerofthatperiod) wassure of having put chainson the lady Liberty, setting police-agents and spies of every kind to guard her; Europe was henceforthsafe.But Liberty brokeher chainsand sent police-agents and spies to the devil. Austria, who after the NapoleonicWars.hadbecome the mistress of Europe,had her fatal decline, tillshedisappearedaltogether.

Therewasanotherslogan that made people shudder:"Proletarians of the world, unitel" When it was first uttered men were working from fourteen to sixteen hours aday and the ex• ploitation of labour surpassed beliefIt was still acase of aslave-system, apart from those unhappy countries, where unequivocal slavery persisted, and others where forced labour was a Governmentsystem.

Torecallthesedisgraces,today when there are those who massacre entire populations, whether as Jews Poles, Rus

sians, or Italians,mayseem outof tune. But, then, men were less bar. barons. Fn spite of ail, the union of proletarians came about, in the teeth of the capitalistbourgeoise, which was

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Thepriestsof the Church are not infrequently attacked for presuming, as celebates, to give advice on marriage, asif abutcher might nut express competcut views on music, It is part of the increasing snubL•e:v ut art. But recently we were Lrrtated to the in>upportable spectacle ul fihu actresses giv. ing advice un how to hold your husband and/or sweetheart. The ladies concerned were Tallulah Bankhead, Cornelia Otis Skinner,Jane\\'yatt and Mae \Vest. Now Ihaven't much of a nose for stinkingfish,i.e.,Idon'tknow about the private livesof the ladies concerned,andevenifIdidhere is not the place to mention the details. I aspire after the restraint of the poet who wrote:

"t know two things about the horse,

And oneof them is rather coarse."

Al Iwant to do is to labour the obvious. If celibates may not advise about successful marriage, how on earthmay peuple whoare notoriousfor their frivolous marital relations, frequent divorces, and attempted remarriage? Of course it's one thing tosee people loaded downwith greasepaint, belladonna, mascara, etc., and then tosee them faceto face at breakfast. But even that doesuitexcuse quarterly divorces.

The advice proffered by the film stars was of the kind one would ex. pect. The basis of love and marriage formany of them appearstobapurely animal, based oil physical attraction and emotion. This is pitiful, because sooner or later age is going to break down the synthetic glaour and time y bm is agreat dissipater of emotion. But for all that, their advice to wives is "stay as sweet at you are." After all beauty is only skin deep with them andinthe last resortthey may be able to hold their men by flaying.

In itself the whole thing is absurd, but it is no use burking the fact that the heroines of Ifollywood are the patronsaints of theyouthof to-dav, Their eccentricities as to dress, facia; makeup, coiffure, etc., are faithfully aped by hordes of silly young things, and onefearstheir light graspofmoral and Christian affairsisequally popular. To just what extent the films are respon• sible for false views of life, especially for the philosophy of easy money and easy living, for the distaste for work, for sensuous and light ideas on love and marriage, and for depopulation, it is impossible to calculate, but it must be very great indeed. The careful foundations laid in aChristian home and cemented by a sound religious education,can apparently be undermined readily enough by the insidious poison of the make-believe life of the films.

Ofcourse, this isnotinthenature of things. The cinema is not inevitably evil, any more than beer or gambling isintrinsically bad. Buthe wouldbe aboldman whowoulddeny'that their actual impacton ourlife hasbeen predominantly prejudicial. Indeed, apart from the outright presentation of recognisable evil, the falseview of life is so consistently repeated on the screen that at times it bears the mark of a huge organised conspiracy against Christianity. And it is this aspect of the cinema which is most difficult to remedy, just asone cando nothing by legislation to prevent evil thoughts. But unless this Augean stable can be

swept clean we go in daily danger of the perversion of our children through the most popular form of entertainment.

Concurrently with the Russian mili• tary and political triumphs in Europe, thehymn ofhateagainst theremnants of the Christian tradition grows louder andmoreexultant. Spainisthechief victim of this international press conspiracy. Itbegan withrumoursofRe. publican preparations for the reconquest of Spain, which to the Christian observer was news about as cheerful as the Moorish conquest. Then Re-

Y FRANCIS G ILBERT

publican troopsweresaidtohavecross cd the French frontier, and to have been exterminated by Franco's blood. thirsty soldiery with typical Fascist brutality. The Spanish Caudillo was rocking on his throne. Recent Spanish news, however, reveals that the tivhole business was acontemptible lie. No troops had crossed the border. Franco, withan assurance fatuousina man on the brink of disaster, calmly invitedthe Pressof the worldto come and see Spain for themselves, instead ofdreamingupstories in clubsin Lon• don and New York.

But this did not dismay the gentlemen of the Press. On the 11th, of February the Press Association's diplomatic correspondent announced from London that Mr. Churchill had replied in coldbiting phrases to aletter from General Franco proposing an anti. Soviet alliance between Spain. Britain andGermany. Now, supposing either Franco or Churchill were as addle pated asthe journalistin question, the storycouldstill notbe put over a7th, grade class of school boys. The pic. tureof Mr.Churchill invitingthe Press toinspect the confidential Spanish file at Downing Street iE a trifle funny, while the lack of realismattributed to Franco at this particular juncture of thewarismerelyvicious.

This ingenuous diplomatic corres. pondenthimself lets the catout ofthe

bag. Ile says Mr. Churchill's reply is not likely to be published "because of diplomatic niceties," How, then, did heget hold ofit? is he in the con• fidence of the British Cabinet, or the Foreign Office? Not at all. .It is possible to piece together with some accuracy the contentsof the two let. ters." Stap me suavely as Mr. just Jake would say. How newspapers which are supposed to stand for objectivity, fair play and reliable sources, cats accept poppycock of this sort as newswould need some fast explaining. The business about the "cooked" wolfrm will turn out to be in the same class. It would seem that the foreign correspondents are utterly dependent on "tipsters," and not alone in Rome. But when amans tips go wrong so often and will not bear even superfticial scrutiny, surely an honest journalist would confer the Royal Order of the Boot.

In advocating the broadcasting of talks on sex questions the Chairman of the A.B.C.airlydismissed objections to fhe proposal as"prejudices and un. important details." Mr. Cleary's personal view was that the widest public• it% should be given to the subject, but when he was reminded of the unpleas• ant performance of Dr. Norman Hare, one wonders whether perhaps Mr. Cleary meant "wildest" publicity.

All this tookplace in evidence given before the Parliamentary Committee on Broadcasting, whose Chairman (Senator Armour)said that from the evidence submitted it appeared that Victoria and NewSouth Wales favour• ed the broadcasts but Queensland was opposed to them. The Committee was trying to find the Australian point of view on the question.

Itmightbehelpful to theCommittee if theyremembered that Catholicsasa body are adamantly opposed to the proposal. Theirviews werevery ably put forward last year by Monsignor Meany, of Sydney. Not only sex talks, however delicately put forward, do no good, but they would represent apositive moral danger for adoles. cents. There could be no outcome of them exceptthe awakeningand fostering of prurience.Monsignor Meaney vividlydescribed theproposalas"mental indecent exposure."

The Catholic view is not merely an apriori one, but ig backed by avast

COME UP AND HEAR ME SOMETIME

1i Marriage Goes West

1T Spain and 4

the Press Stooges

11 Surfeit of Sex and the. A.B.C.

experience in the practical handling of this difficult matter. We have cer. tain clear-cut principles which are like abreath of fresh airin contrast to the dangerous doctrinaire stuff it is proposed to unleash. The imparting of sex instruction should first of all be agradual process corresponding to the development of the individual child. It should be given in the first place only in response to the child's ques. tions, and should not exceed what is asked. It should be given by the parents. Mass instruction defeats its own ends and make.: the whole busi• ness farcical or dangerous. Moreover, anatural and biological approach to sex is inadequate to guard either health or morals for the control of passion is left without one of its most powerful aids—religion.

The fact ofthe matteris that to-day there is far too much emphasis on sex in papers, books, radio and films. And this spate of information has done nothing to make our people more moral. Quite the contrary: it has demonstrated that to know evil is not to enable man to avoid it. The reintroduction of religion into our educatannal system and the suppression of c. ,

rnography in all its forms would do more to remedy the shattered spiritual life of ouryouth than the dangerous quackeries abro•ud at the moment.

1 don't know whether Senator Armour's predictions about the reactions of the Eastern States to the matter are.

accurate. Butlocally it is enuragng :ofind thatwhatviews have •,ppearvd in print to date oppose the -ex"roadcasts. Adoctor, ateacher, awl apsychologist are in the ranks of the opposition. ':he teacher clainwd the talks ould stir up the subject:n aw•rnng way. The dortor could seA no gain in amass hroaleast system. The psychologistgave out-some jargon about emotions and compexes, the purport of which was that he didn't approve. More recently the official view of the commercial broadcasting stations of Sydney opposed the talks its"not suitable for a commercial broadcastingmedium;"andinabilityto select radio audiences. Well, it's possible to reach the right conclusions from.wrong or inferior reasons, but these people in any case endorse the Catholic principle thatregardingsex it is better to say less than more—especiallyon theair.

KALGOORLIE

Congratulation:,toAt andMrs. At.1. Dillon, of the Australia hotel, who recently celebrated their 25th. weddinganniversary. Thegoodwishesextend• ed to them by ahost of friends testify to the esteem in which they are held in this and otherStates.

By Pip

School of Philosophy to- be Opened in Sydney

With the approval of Iris Grace the ArchbishopofSydney,Most Rev.N.T. Gilroy, D.D., an Institute of Philosophy will be opened in Sydney in March. This was announced at the annual Communion breakfast of the Catholic Journalists' Guild recently by the Very Rev. Austin M. Woodbury, S.M. S.T,D., Ph.D., who has been ap . pointed Regent of the Institute,

Dr. Woodbury announced that arrangements are atpresent being made for the use ofasuitable hall, convenientlysituated in thecity.-

A beginning will be made with a course of Thomistic Philosophy, but it is hoped that in the not very distant future, companioncourses of Sociology and of Theology will beadded.

Dr. Woodbury said that the modern world was suffering from amalady of the mind.

It had rejected reason; but worse that this, it was suffering from adecline of intellect.

"What we have lost," he continued, "is that rightsenseofvalues,thatright appreciation, by which the human mind gets things in right proportion; assesses big things as big, little things as little; adjudges higher goods to be higher, and lower goods to be lower; esteem the end above the means, and what is desirable for its own sake as prefarable to what is merely useful.

DeclineofIntellect.

"And the right name 4or the weak cning of this potter rightly to appreci. ate of this ability duly to distinguish and to assess, of this discernment of values is decline of intellect.

"Let me briefly illustrate what I mean. Ifyouallowyourselftobepersuaded that there isnoGod, or if you leave Him out of your scheme of things; if you deny or overlook the spirituality of thehuman soul, and its immortality; if you reject the existence, of falsify thenature of thathigh faculty in man.free-will,then for you the highest and most desirable good will be the goods of this world: plea• sure,andcomfortandwealthand good fello-Avship and good-name.

"Then you will ride rough-shod, if you can, over the rights of others, seeking the full expression of your individuality rather than the highest development of your personality; or you will settle upon acompromise of rte• diocrity in ajejune Liberalism; or you will erectasubstitutegod in the shape of avague humanitarian ideal, or of an all-exacting State.

Remedy for Disaster,

"You will gnaw like it rat at the pib lars of civilisation; you will bring the heavens crashin; down upon yourself and your race, and you will live your life all wrong"

Dr. Woodbury then explained that anecessary remedy for such a grave disaster was right philosophy-aPhilosophv that explores and truly plots the order of realit%, and duly guides the thought and conduct of men.

;'It has long been deplored," con. tinued Dr. Woodbury, "that hitherto there has existed in Sydney no insti. tute at which voting men and women of the professions, of the public services, of the various institutions of post-school education, teachers and others, mightbe.madeacquainted with the profound wisdom of the great Catholic masters of philosophy, and therebv be fitted for the role of guides unfn the mindsofAustralians.

"The deep insight of His Grace the, Archbishop into the needs and Problems ofour time has now given h:-' NOMOREWOODCUTTINGIAmerican Perfection stoves:!deal for country and beach. At Hassell's. 03630'1.

to such an institute-The Aquinas Academy-for the teaching of athorough course of philosophy to the laity of Sydney.

"This institute has been entrusted to the tare of the 1larist Fathers, aCon. gregation of priests founded for this very type of work among others. Un. dertakings of thiskindhave been com• mittedto the Marist Fathers in many partsof the world, particularly on the continent of Europe sill in the Unitcd StatesofAmerica,wheremanyFathers of the Society of Mary are engaged in university teaching, especially in the faculties of philosophy."

New Churches Should be as Comfortable as Cinemas

Ali article -

in the Vatican newspaper,"Osservatore Romano," looks forward to churches as comfortable and convenient as cinemas. It warns Catholics that church-builders will find it very hard to obtain satisfactory building materialsafter the war. partly because speculators will have no inter. est in them, having their eyes and thoughts on buildings which will yield abundant profits.

Catholics must he on their guard against repairing churches with poor materials on vague promises that they will be totally rebuilt"as soon as economic conditions permit." History teaches that these conditions seldom if ever arrive.

"It would be unwise," says the"Osservatore,""to try to solve to-day an economic problem which properly should await for the day after tomorrow. Buildings which have to endurecannot be putup in-haste. If we are to build for future ages, it means laying solid foundations for achurch ofample size havingstrongwalls. Decoration can well wait:the important thing here is sound construction..,

"The parish church must suffice for the spiritual needs of amodern city and this does not refer merely to its size, butconnotes awell-considered arrangement of its space,the comfort of the congregation andmodern technical equipment.

'It would be amistake to build a church that was not as ample in size and convenient,withasgoodacoustics, andasgoodlightandheatingas,say,a cinema.

The church of the future may have fewer pictures but notc;mfortless benches; it must not freeze in winter and in summer be hot and maladorous.

"The same applies to the parish hall with its reception rooms, its cinematheatre, gymnasium and its'table of the poor:"

Foreseeing an increase in the number of churches attached to colleges, religious houses, boarding, schools and institutes for clerical education, the "Osservatore" says "it is much to be desired that these churches shouldalso become semi-public oratories in all cases where the parish church is small or at adistance.

"Very many institutes of modern religious consecrated to the work of teaching the young have thrown open the doors of their chapels in this wav, and by doing so have gained fresh ground for their apostolate. This is an example to he followed."

League of Catholic Youth, Subiaco

L.C.Y. BOYS WIN ATHLETIC COMPETITION.

Magnificent Exhibition by J. Poker. FinalChampionships NextSaturday. Alarger sprinkling of spectators attended the athletics on Saturday, and were'thrilled with the efforts produced during the afternoon. The highlight of the day was the spectacular run madeby J.Parker in the Under14 Relay. Jack had the home run to do, and at the take-over 220 yards from home, Y.1l.C,A. had astrong lead of at least40 yards. L.C.Y. barrackers thought there was no hope. But with the great sprint he was not undaunted. Putting on an extraordinary turn of speed, he gradually lessened the gap and as the turn into the straight was made the LC.Y. supporters went wild with their barracking. Jack drew level abaut 20 yards from the tape. Both lads called on everything they had to the last ounce, but Parker passed his opponent to win by afew yards. Iledeservedall the congrattilations showered upon him. Jack is the son of.Mr.

J. Parker, of Fremantle. Mr. Parker takes alively interest in his son's racing and is activeIv engager( in the sporting side of the Catholic Boys' Club in Fremantle.

I. Berkery is another outstanding athlete from Fremantle. John's father was present on Saturday, and was delightedwith hisson'sefforts.

NextSaturday theconcludingday of the championships, we shall see some brillianthighlights when our champion under 19 boys, HodgeandGreen compete against each other, with Lawlet and Fox from S.P.B. Records are in

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themakingintheHop,StepandJump, Discus and hammer 'throw. L.C.Y. have two brilliant hurdlers in T. Woodthorpe and B.Wiliams. These twolads will bematched on Saturday. Parents, friends and supporters, be attheLeederville Oval on Saturday to barrack for the L.C.Y.

Saturday'sResults.

Under19:

880 Yards: W.Cochrane, 2; J. Sutherland, 1(2nd.division).

220 Yards:W. Hodge. 2; R. Green, 1 (2nd. division),

Hop,StepandJump: R.Green,3: R. Jefferies,4.

Hammer: R. Birch, 5; J. Wolff, 6 (2itd. division).

Discus: R. Birch, 3; W. Hodge, 5.

Relay: Hodge, Green, Jeffries, 2 (close finish).

Under 16:

880 Yards: 13. Williams, 4.

220Yards:J.Berkery, 1; A. Birch,E.

Discus: J.Berkery,3;,B. Williams, 2 (2nd, division).

Hop,Step'andJump: A. Birch,3;C. Johnson, 3(2nd. division).

Hurdles: T. Woodthorpe, 1; E3. Wil. liams, 2.

Relay: Berkery, Birch, Woodthorpe. 1.

Under15: 220 Yards: P. Hickey, 3:

J. David• son, b.

Hurdles: J. Davidson, 3; N. Brown. rigg, 5.

Hop, StepandJump: N. Brownrigg, 2; J. Davidson, 4.

Discus:N.McGhie,1: I. Davidson,4.

Relay: Brownrigg, Hickey , David. son,3.

Under14:

1110 Yards: J. Parker, 2: J. Pitts, I (2nd. division).

Hurdles: JParker. 1; J. Pitts, 3.

Discus: J. Parker, 2: R, Pierce 4. Hop, Step and Jump: J. Parker, 3; R. Beaton, 3. Relay: Parker, Pitts, Beaton, 1.

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WHATGOESONHERE?

The following paragraph appeared in the NewYork "Times"for October 29 andlocally:

The picturesque Pyrenees valley of Aran,near the tiny state of Andorra, was the saneof fighting last week between Spanish Republican forces and troops ofElCaudilloFrancisco Franco. The Republicanshadcrossed the fron• tierinanefforttoforaoneofthe few passesover the2Wmilemountainbarrier between Franceand Spain."

The same newspaper,on the same day, published an eye-witness account of the situation on the Franco-Spanish frontierbyGeorgeTucker,of the Associated Press. Here are two pertinent paragraphs:

"Afteralaboriouspersonal inspection, Ihave foundnoevidence that Spanish battalions of the French Forces of the Interior have crossed the French bor• derintoSpaintoengage troopsof Gen' eralissimo Francisco Franco.

"Last night Italked for more than an hour with the supreme commander ofall Spanish membersoftheFFI. He denied that any Spaniards in the FFI had crossed the border to fight Span• ish troops."

These contradictory accountssuggest several interestingand important questions. What criterion, for instance, doesthepressusetodeterminewhether astory isbasedon factorrumour? In using stories based on rumour,does it givefairwarning to the reader? Does it seek to ascertain whethersuch stories have been deliberately"planted;" andifso,bywhom? Doesitdiscipline reportersforill-consideredjudgment,or seek to discover whether they are being"used"by designing persons or countries? In the present case, to come down to brass tacks,• did the pressmakeany efforttolearnwhether the stories denied by Mr. Tucker had been "planted"by Communist agents in Franceand Britain?

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►Z+ DEATHS +

BRANSTON.--On February 17, 1945, Elizabeth Victoria, widow of the lateThomas Henry Arlington Brans ton, beloved sister of Lucy (Mrs. Ashton,45 Pennant-street, North Perth),andJennie (Mrs. Rowe,Adelaide),loved auntofAlbertChapple, Requiescat inPace,

BYRNE.—On February9, atColombo, Ceylon,Michael,lateofGuildfordand Beaconsfied Hotels,dearly beloved father of Edward,Lucy (Mrs. D. G. Kinlock), Daniel, Mary (Mrs. S. C. Rankine), and Michael,father-in-law of Rene, Guy, Rita, Charles and Dora,grandfather of Michael (R,A.A.F., Canada). Moira, Rene, NedandBettyByrne,MaryKinloch, MollieRankine,DorothyandMichael Byrne;aged82 years.

Requiescatin Pace.

MULCAHY,Mary Bridget.—In your charity,pray for the soul ofourloving cousin,whodiedJanuary 30. Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy onher soul.

—Insertedby Mrs.Rileyand family.

IN MEMORIAM +

On $eevfes.

KEHOE,Joseph Austin.—In sad and loving memory of our dear son and brother,died of illness, Now Guinea, February 14, 1944.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on hissoul.

—Inserted by his loving parents, sis• ters and brothers.

CASEY.—Insacredandlovingmemory of our beloved son and brother, Lieut.W. P. Casey,who died February 9,1941, at Lucknow Military Hospital.

SweetJesus havemercyonhissoul.

—Inserted by hislovingparents.

GALLAGHER.—Treasured and loving memories of Arthur Patrick, who died March 3, 1941,at Fremantle, dearly loved husband of Lucretia, fondfatherofNell,Mary (deceased), Arthur,Eileen,Carmel,and Kevin (R.A,A.F.). R.I.P.

11ANNAN.—In loving memory of our dearsonandbrother,JamesH.Hannan, who passed away February 20, 1944,late of 17 Balfour-street, Kalgoorlie, Immaculate Heart of Mary, your prayers for him extol.

1

0,SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy on his soul. Mayherestinpeace.

—Inserted by his loving family.

HELMr In sacred andloving memory of our dear life-long friend, Annie Helm,whodiedonFebruary 15, 1943. SweetJesus,havemercyonhersoul. —Inserted by Mr.and Mrs. W. T. Casey.

McNAMARA,Nora.—Of your charity, pray for the repose of the soul of our sister,whose anniversary occurs onFebruary22.

Onhersoul,SweetJesus,havemercy.

—Inserted by her loving sister and family, Mrs.W. Riley.

STOKES.—In affectionate memory of my dear father,Abel Stokes, who diedFebruary 16, 1936. Sweet Jesus,have mercy on his soul and all the souls of the faithful de. parted.

—Inserted by his loving daughter, Catherine Eddy.

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At Queen of Martyrs'Church, Maylands, on the morning of January 13, 1945, Nuptial Mass was celebrated for the marriage between James,elderson of Mr. and Mrs,LawrenceCarroll,Varden-street Kalgoorlie, and Kathleen Mary,only daughter of Mr.and Mrs. Bernard Clarke,Crawford-road, Maylands. The celebrant for Rev.Father Dunne.

The bride was given Away by her father. Shewore a classically cut, trainedgownof satin-embossed,corded French silk, with high neck-line and long sleeves. During the ceremony the veilofcut tulle was wornover the face,and fell gracefully from a top• knot of frangipanni to the hem of her gown. Her bouquet was of frangipanniandmaidenhair fern.

Mrs. Hoganwas the presidingorgaoist. Attending-the bride were Nancy, sister of the bridegroom,and Pamela O'Reilly, friend of the bride. They were frocked alike in floral lemon taf. fetta,(wearing small hats of matching tulle, with crown of small rosebuds, PinkHadleyrosesandmaidenhairfern comprised their bouquets. They also worehandsomenecklets,giftsfrom the bridegroom. Jack, brother of the bridegroom, supported as best man, andBernie.brotherofbride,asgroomsman.

Thereceptionandbreakfastwasheld at Maylands Town Hall, the guests being received by the bride'smother, assisted by the mother of the bridegroom. During the breakfast the toast of "Bride and Bridegroom" .was given by Rev. Father McBride,schoolmate of the bridegroom,to which the bridegroom ably responded. Other toasts were duly honoured,and numerouscongratulatorytelegramsread.

Laterintheevening,thehappy couple leftfor Bunbury,where the honeymoon wasspent. The bridetravelled in atailoredsuit of Wedgewood blue, with smart black hat, and accessories

THE

... Zrah' '

(Continued from Front Cover.)

Poland. HistaskwastoorganiseCommunist activities in Poland, acting against the Underground Movement and the Underground State directed from London and by creating anew scheme of Polish administration in opposition to the existing one. Finally, he created aPolish Communist Party, under the innocent name of "Polish Workers' Party." The next step was to form acouncil which was supposed to represent the Polish people and the committee rwhich was later known ac theCommitteeofNational Liberation. Both the Council and the Committee didnot representanybody but ahandful of Communists. In March, 1944, Bierut together with four others, including Osubka Morawski, succeeded in reaching Moscow, and there the whole lrroup appeared publiclyasleaders of the Polish National Council, which wascomposedofthree Commun. ists and the previously unknown Osubka Morawski. In Moscow, the delegation was joined by several other adherents in Russiaand thus theCommittee of National Liberation, under the leadership of Morawski, and the National Council, under the leadership of Bierut, were finally formed.

The present"Acting Presidentof the Polish Republic" has been avery ac* tive agent of the Comintern for the last 20 years and is aSoviet citizen.

Polish NationalCouncil Denounces the Lublin "Government."

London, January 7, 1945.(P.AT.1.—

The Polish NationalCouncil,atameeting on January 5 in London, unanimously passed the following resolution:

Cn December 31, 1914, the so-called Committee of National Liberation, acting on part of the Polish territory, decided to change its name to'Tefnperary Polish Government: This is another attempt at violation of the sovereign rights ofPoland andusurpation (which hasas itsaim theliquidation of theindependentexistenceofthePolish State. -

Relying only on compulsion and taking advantage of the support by aforeign Power, self-named groups of persons, so far unknown to all, are trying to force upon the Polish nation agovernment which has nothing in common with the wish of the nation.

Poland isnot anoone'slandon which agovernment has to be established.

About the iublin Gang

Committee as"the will of the nation" is an attempt to consciously mislead world opinion all the more as it con• siders that during the present state of constraint inside Poland, no one can, without risk of repression, really express one's ownwill. For these reasons the National Councilofthe Polish Republic, as the only representative of the Polish nation, acting freely, categorically states that the self-imposed nominationoftheLublinCommitteeas "the Provisional Polish Government" has no real and rightful meaning and that all acts anddecreesof such "Gov ernment" are void of all legal rights. At the same time, the Polish National Council declares that endeavours to create real and independent Poland is, and never will cease to be, the aim of the efforts of all Polish citizens and that the Polish nation will never re• cognise power forcibly imposed on it as aPolish Government:'

Polish Socialist Party'sCondemnation.

London, January 10, 1945.(P.A.T. )

,

—The Foreign PolishSocialist Partyissued on January 8-the following statement: "fn its propaganda moves the so-called'Provisional Polish government' in Lublin refers to the alleged support given to it by the Polish Socialist Party. We wish to explain that

the only persons entitled to act in the name of the Polish Socialist Party are its rightful executive bodies elected at the last prewar nation-wide Party Congress. Moreover, the CentralExecutiveCommitteeof the Polish Socialist Party, which has been acting without interruption underground duringthe Germanoccupation, hasauthorised the Foreign Committee of the So. cialist Party to represent that Party abroad All the 11 members of the National Council, of the Council of the Polish Socialist Party, residing abroad, including four members of the Central Executive Committee, are included in the Foreign Committee of the party. Not one single member of the Central Executive Committee or of the National Council of the Polish Socialist Party, either in Poland, or abroad, opted for the Polish Committee of National Liberation' or for the so-called 'Provisional Government in Lublin. They all, without exception, recognise the Polish Government in London as the only rightful Polish Government.

The PolishState, revived afterthe last World War, has been in existence continuously since 1918 and the temporary residence of the Government outside the frontiersof Poland during this war hasnot affected this continuity in any way. The Polish Government abroad during the war is the rightful representative of the Polish State and was recognised as such by all the Unitednationsandneutral nations,and from July 31, 1911, was also recognised in thatcapacity by the Soviet Union. This Government has been able to rebuildPolishforcesabroad inthecourse of thiswar. These forceshavefought by the side of the Allies since 1940 al• most onall frontson land,on sea,and in the air,and with their sarcifices and victims have won the admiration of all nations fighting against the common enemy—Germany. Under the leadership of that Government the greatest mass underground movement was created, which, from the beginning of the war, has been, and is still, engaged in it consistent and furious fight against the German aggressor, The movement has produced its own leadership, which isloyal to the Polish Governmentin London. TheWarsaw uprising,whichlastedovertwomonths. proved effectivey to the whole world that the entire population of over a million revealed the greatest sacrifices in the fight for independence and for the safetyof Poland. In thesecircum• stances, the above step by the Lublin

szewski, as far as.we know, has never been amember of the Polish Socialist Party. Not one of the members of the so-called'Provisional Government' inLublin wasever amember of thecentral authority of the Polish Socialist Party. The same applies to members of the so-called"Home Na. tionalCouncil in Lublin' pretending to representthe PolishSocialistPatty.All the abovementioned would-be representaives of the Polish Socialist Party are usurpers,whom the Polish working class, organised by the Polish Social-

ist Party, did not authorise to speak on its behalf. Reference by the socalled 'Provisional Government' in Lublin to the support given to them by the Polish Socialist Party andtheir participation in this Government is a fraudandanabusewhichwestigmatise andofwhichwewarn theSocialistand Labour movements in thewholeworld. The struggle of the Polish workers for afree, independent and democratic Polish Republic has been led and is still led by the central authorities of the Polish Socialist Party."

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"Similarly, not one Socialist member of the former Polish Parliament gives supporttothe'PrnvisionalGovernment' in Lublin. Among the persons who areincluded in theranks ofthe alleged Central Committee of the Polish So. cialist Party in Lublin, we know the names of Boleslaw Drobner, alleged chairman of the National Council of the Polish Socielist Party, and Edward Osubka \forawski, alleged chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Polish Socialist Party, We emphatically affirm that the above-mentioned men havenot now, noreverbefore, the right to use those designa . tions. At the moment of the out. break of the war not one of them was amember of the Central Executive Committee or the National Council of the PolishSocialist Party, and notone of them belonged to the underground authoritiesofthePolish SocialistParty in the years 1939 to 1914

. Boleslaw Drobner was amember of the Polish Socialist Party since 1928, but was removed in September, 1936.

"Edward OsubkaMoraw•ski (who,ac. cording to the Lublin Radio, has been appointed head

of the Lublin Government), left the Polish Socialist Party during the war and was amember of the newly-created small' group called "Workers Party of Polish Socialists," the remnants of which, after several •nlits, became thenucleusof thePolish Workers' Party (P.P.RJ, new names for the Communist Party of Poland. The former clergyman, Stefan Matu-

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these materials delightfully easy to makeupandthe results will thrillyou.

Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It ison sale in Foy'sHomecraftSectioninmany lovely colours. Hereisagrand opportunity for you to save money by making your own Christmasgiftsthisyear.

aArriving home from the party, the wife confronted her husband: "I'll never take you to another party as long as Ilive," she fumed.

"Why?" he asked in amazement.

"You asked Mrs. Joneshowher hus• band was standing the heat"

"Well?"

"Why, her husband has been dead for two months."

Perkin:"Ihave the greatest respect for the truth."

Firkin:"So Iperceive, for you generally keep at a most respectful dis• tance from it."

Adebate was overheard between somemen as to whetheritwascheaper to move or pay rent. Opinion being about equally divided, they referred the question to the oldest man they knew.

"Is it cheaper to move or tp pay rent, Bill?"

Said Bill:"Nell, mates, ye see, I ain'tin aposition tosay. I've always moved."

"How many cigars do you smoke a day?"

"About ten."

"What do they cost you?"

"Twenty cents apiece."

"My, that's two dollars aday. How long have you been smoking?"

"Thirty years."

"Two dollars aday for thirty years isalot ofmoney:'

"Yes, it is."

"Do you see that office building on the corner?"

"Yes."

"If you had never smoked in your life you might own thatfine building."

"Do you smoke?"

"No, never did."

"Do you own that building?"

"No."

"Well Ido."

Amember of Parliament, taking his family into the country for an Easter picnic, stopped his car at a village store to get some bottles of lemonade for the young members of his party.

"We shall need abottle opener, but I'll bring it back," he said to the woman behind the counter.

She looked at him keenly, in apparent doubt.

"Where do you come from?" she asked. "You don't belong around here."

The visitor confessed that he was from London, and contributed the information that he was amember of Parliament.

Boy," said the woman to ayouth near by,"go along with this man and bring back my openerl"

She wanted aplace in a theatre beauty chorus, so she wrote to the manager and enclosed her photograph. Latershe wasaskedtoappear for an interview.

"You're too late," said the manager when he saw her.

"Are all the positions filled, then?' she asked in surprise.

"No," replied the manager,"but you should have come when you had this photograph taken."

* rt ♦ ♦

Hickey: "A man has threatened to kill me, sir."

Magistrate: "Do you go in fear of your life?"

Hickey: "No, sir; Igoin fearofmy deathl"

Sam crawled out of the river and shook the water from his garments. Just then his friend came running along the river bank and caught hirq by the arm.

"Why did you swim ashore and leave Jack clinging to the overturnedboat?" he asked.

"Well, Ihad to save myself first" replied Sam,indignantly. "Now I'm going back to save Jack." * ♦ •

The lecturer had just concluded an extremely long and uninteresting leo ture.

'Now, then," he suggested,"is there any question you wish to ask me?"

"Yes." astudent in the front row yawned. "What day is it?"

A

busy hallway im-o large build' was beingpainted.All along thewS were signs procUiming, "Net Paint," and in the comer of each sign was a dabofpaintlabelled"Test Here,"

Mr. Putter was diaing at the golf club and was amased to see his wits, in cap and apron,,approaching the table to take his order.

"I knew you wouldn'tobject to my takingajob here," she said, "It's

ts, nice to see you sometimes."

♦ • • t

"Theonlyobjection,"said the stern parent,"Ihaveagainsttheyoungman, my dearchild, isthathe hasno noble ambition—nohigh or worthyobject is life."

Why, father, how canyou say that? He wantsmel"

John and Mary, late for the con. cert, asked:"What are they playing now?"

Doorkeeper: "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony."

Mary: "Oh,dear! So we've missed eightl"

+ ♦ rt •

Mother (to small daughter who has returned from tea with friends!:"I hope yousaid'No thank you,' oftener than 'Yes, thank you,"'

Mary:ary:"Yes, Idid. Ihadn't been eating more than half an hour before they began saying,'Don't you think you've eaten enough?' And I said,'No,thankyou,'every time."

"I want an interesting book—some. thing suitable for an invalid."

"Yes, madam, would you care to look at some religious ones?"

"No-o-o,Idon'tthink so,yousee he's convalescent now." + rt ♦

Three tortoises wero passing apub. lie-house, and decided to have aquick one. Goinginside, they ordered their beer and cigarettes. The proprietor brought the beer, but was very sorry he had nocigarettes. The two oldest tortoises told the youngest, Jimmy to go out andbuy some.

After waiting two years they were still sitting there drinking beer, "Where can Jimmy have got to?" one asked.

"If he doesn't come back soon," replied the other,"I'mgoingtodrinkhis beer."

Voice from just outside the door: "Ifyoudothat,Ishan'tgoatall."

* r *

The Padre in the Military Camp seemed very pleased with himsel?, when the Captain came up tohim and said: 'I see, Padre, you had Lofty and Snowy and some of the other boys in your church.

Padre: "Oh, yes,it came on to rain lastSundayand theboys cameinout of the rain and Itook the opportunity ofpreaching them aslrmononthe evils of gambling. especially two-up."

•Captain: "Anddo you think it did anv good, Padre?"

Padre: "Definitely so."

Captain:"How do you know?"

Padre: "Well, Ifound six doubleheaded pennies in the collection box after they had left."

* f ♦

"Doctor,Ihave turned toyou asthe last resort." exclaimed the wild-eyed patient as the physician drove up to his house.

"What's the trouble?" asked the doctor.

The ghostsofmydepartedrelatives come and perch on the tops of the fence posts all around the orchard. They just sit there—waiting, waiting waiting. What can Ido to get rid of them?"

The doctor startedhis car.

"Sharpen the tops of the posts," he said.

They were writing letters. Hubby lookedup,worried. "What'sthematter, dear?"asked his wife.

"Why—er—I had it on the tip of m

ytongue, and now it's gone."

Never mind;' she said, soothingly, "Just think hard for amoment; ft's sure to comeback."

"Thinking won't help this time." he replied. "Itwasapennystamp"

SSY'S NR 4qAd

NEP441;.

;

Dear Cornerites,—A week of Lent has already pasted, and Iexpect you havebecome used to"no lollies,""no sugar," orwhatever youaregivingup. Well, children, do try and persevere with your acts. Don't let any little temptationsspoilyourchancesofmaking areal success of Lent, will you? Lentisaseasonofself-denial,and the more you can deny yourself, the betteritis for your soul. Iam pleased toseesomanyrequestsforprickcards thisyear,forIfeel thatifthechildren take suchan interestthentheamount we havefixed ae this year'sObjective will be moi

re easily attained. Any. way,weareawaytoaflyingstart,and, if Fortune favour us, then we should accomplish our aio. AUNTBESSY.

Lemonade Bottle

Dear Aunt Bessy,—This is the first time we haveeverwritten to you,and nvc hope it will not be thelast. There are really twoofus writingthisletter, helpingeachother. Will you sendus down aprick card each and the addresses of two pen friends(boys pre. ferred, one fifteen and the other six teen). My friend is in VIII. Standard and Iam going for my junior this year. We are studying agreat deal,orelsewewould have written to you before. We will endeavour to help you and the Bushies, and fill as many prick cards as we possibly can. Will you pleaseexplain in your letter how to fill the prick cards, as we do notknowmrhattodo. We will try aad getmore nieces and nephews for Your Corner. We always read your lettersin"The Record' every Sunday. Although we have never written to you before, we hope this letter will be ti in me.—Yours faithfully, TWO AUSSIEITES.

Dear Aussieites,-1 also hope this won'tbethelasttimeyouwritetome.

In fact, I'm looking forward to hearing from you often. I'm afraid I won'tbeabletosendyou aprickcard yet, because,although you sentan ad , dress, youdidn't give me your names. Iwill have to have there, too, before Ican enter your names in the Pen Friends' Column. It is really quite an easytasktofillaprick card.There are thirtylittlesquares marked on the card, andevery time you begapenny for the Bushies you put apin prick in one square. I'll pass on a hint some of my "regular" collectors have given me. The most propitious time to collect pennies is after Sunday Mass. Everybody seems to be more generousthen,they tellInc. Anyway. I'msure youwon'thave any difficulty infilling the cards. Iwill be looking forwardtoanotherletter.soIcanpost the cards on to you and see about a pen friendeach for you.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Parishioner,—Many, many thanks again. Idohope your prayer may begrantedsoon, and that the Bushier prayers will help towards the fulfilmentofyourwishes.

AUNT BESSY.

'Box 56, Merredin.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am sending back my'card and would like ared one, please. Yes, Iam quick at fillingthem. Well,Iwillawaitthenext prick card.—Yours sincerely, ROSEMARY FOWLER.

Dear Rosemary,--rroodnew. you amaze me by the rapidity at which you fill cards. I'vepicked outared one, and am sending ablue one as well. Ithink twoatatimewillsave you alotof postage, Rosemary. Did you type your letteryourself? Ithink you have done it very nicely. I'll await another letter from you soon, AUNTBESSY.

* s * 22 Park-road '

Mt. Lawley.

Dear AuntBessy,—I am sorryIdid not write in last month, but we were outat thebeach. MumhadaHatat Waterman's Bay. and we spent most of theholidays there. We wentfora swim twiceadayand it was lovely. One night after tea we went down to the beach and Derry went in for a swim. He wastheonlyone in,when aman caught a2ft. bin. shark. Ile did not go in for a swim at night

again! I

am now90129 to theChristian Brothers at Ifighgate, and am in Third Class. Our littlecousin David isnow fourmonthsold. Heisadear littlebaby. Iamsending5a.forJanuary and this month. Good-bye, -

now. Love from BRENDAN CLIFFORD.

Dear Brenda.—/hat alovely holiday you must havehadat'the beachIexpect Derry gotabit of ashock when he found out about the shark.— I'm sure Iwouldn't take any more risks either, if I kaew there were sharks around. flow do you like going to school wit) Brian? What classisBrianinnow,Brendan? Thank youforthepostalnote,boys,anddon't forget to workbardat2cboof.

AUNTBESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—dfierewith 10s., in honourof St.Anthoa;, AFRIEND.

Dear Friend—Waay thanks to you and St. Anthony. AUNT BESSY.

Wm. A. YOUNG

,ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS

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6St,Vincent's Avenue, Wgmbley. DearAunt Bessy.—I filled my prick cardaboutnine days ago, and Ihave been busy at school or Iwould have writtentoyouaboutaweekago. En• closed pleasefind P.N. to thevalue of 2/6; alsowouldyou sendme twomore prickcards? Ihavebegun myGrade IV. music,and Iam in 7th. Standard, so Iwillhave to work hard, won't I? Iransomed nine mission babies last year, and we have just begun our newchartforthisyear. Iamlooking forward to the tennis season, and I hope we soon begin. Mr. Ryan is our teacher. Imust close now.— Yourlovingniece,

THELMA CASSERLY,

Dear Thelma—Perhaps t should startmyletter

as " ily dear Missionary. 11

It is good to think that there are nine little souls saved through your efforts. It is agreat satisfaction tobeable to reflect on that, isn't it? Ihope thisyear will be an even more fruitful one on your part, Thelma anditisever sokindof you to include the Bushies in your schemes. What with you music and your school work, Ican see a very busy yearahead of you. Butkeepit up, dear, and you will be rewarded.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—The enclosed noteisacontribution to the Bushies' Fund. Wishing you every success in your 1954 appeal. and trusting that youand the Bushies will say an occasional prayerforme,—Yourssincerely. H. E. W.

Dear H. E. W.,—Will we say a prayer for youII Ishould say we willl How could we forget someone who hasbeen as kind to the children of the bush•as you have? We are deeply grateful. AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Besy,—Ten shillings, in honouroftheSacred Ileart,OurBlew ed Lady, and St. Joseph. Please, Aunt Bessy,Iwould like aprayer for my intention, which has not been granted yet.

A PARISHIONER OF QUEEN'S PARK.

"Embezzled Heaven

py

ALittle-Known Novel by the Author of"The Song of Bernadette"

The tremendous success of "The Song of Bernadette" both as abeautiful novel and as a motion pictpre has directed theattentionatCathorics to its author, Franz Werfel. There were many who° believed on the strength of his earlier writings that WerfelhadbecomeaCatholic and, indeed, acouple of years ago an inaccurate report of his conversion was widely circulated both in the Catholic and in the secular Press.

However, as the preface to "The Songof Bernadette"makesclear, Wer• fel, attracted though he is toCatholic• ism, remains aJew. He wrote this book because, while fleeing from the German invasion ofFrancein 1940, he found refuge in Lourdes, and was so touched by the miracle of Bernadette that he decided to compose an act of thanksgiving and piety. And a magnificentwork of thanksgivingitis, too, thefirstnovel ever written about Lourdes and aworthy act of repara• tion for the abominable lies and distortions of Zola's notorious"Lourdes."

Outstanding Czech.

However, "The Song of Bernadette" is not the first work of Werfel which shows awide knowledge of Catholicism and arespect for its truths. In all his many novels and dramas, notably in"The Forty Days of Musa Dagh," this outstanding Czech man of letters has shown himself conscious ofultimatevaluesand of theexistence and goodness of God, and it seems quite often that he recognises in the CatholicChurcharepository of Divine truth and all the important values.

In view of the fact that his name is now before us quite prominently, I think it appropriate to recall abook of his published about three years ago which did not by any means receive the recognition amongst Catholic readers which itrichly deserved.

The title of this novel is"Embez• zled I-leaven." Briefly, it is the story of the attempt of asimple Austrian peasantwoman. Tetaby name, to win • her salvation by aspecies elf"theolo• gicalcraftiness"

By scraping, saving, and denying herself all but the bare necessities of life, she pays for her nephew's educa• tion as apriest, so that, when he is ordained, his grateful prayers may win grace forher sinful soul. In her simplicity, she believes it possible thustostormthegatesof Heaven.

Indifferent to the personality of her nephew and perceiving him only as part of her scheme.Teta stintsherself for 30 yeah to pay every penny he asks. Then,whensheretiresfromher labours, and goes to visit him, she finds, to her ovembelming horror, that he is not, as he had led her to believe, aloved parish priest in Moravia, but adegenerate scoundrel who kas been dissipating her money in loose living and is now engaged in questionable occupations in the low• est quartersof Prague.

This terrible revelation reverses Teta's whole scheme of values, and she comes to realise how her own "craftiness" has recoiled on her iwn head.

Randolph Knapp (W.A.O.A.).

BIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12 ATWELL ARCADE, FRZ1lANTLE L1582.

To try to make amends,she goc: on apilgrimage to P.ome. This part of the book alone, especially the scenes in the Vatican and the catacombs, would have made "Embezzled Hea• ven" outstanding, so rare and delicate is the author's skill in evoking atmosphere.

It is in the Eternal City, through her meeting with ayoung priest who is everything she wished her nephew to be, that Teta finally finds peace, understanding and her salvation. The final judgment on her character is passed by the young priest: "These so-called simplesoulsare more complicated than all you high-class psyches thatareequippedwith thelatestmod.

ern conveniences,"

Key to Book

In that sentence is the key to the whole book. Itisavery subtlestudy in the mentalityofthepeasant. Werfel, himself anative of Prague, knows and understandsthe peasantwell, and .hehasobserved veryclosely theeffect ofreligiousbeliefonthepeasantmind.

This understanding is one of the chief factors in the success of "The Song of Bernadette" He does not cite Teta's case as typical—novels are generally made from the unusual, the aberration and rarely from the ordinary—but he presents it as apossible and avery credible example of the result of the distortion of true belief by that cupidity which is perhaps the chief vice df the European peasant.

The book is not full of sensational incident, of rapid action, but it tells an absorbing and interesting story which cannotfail to move all butthe devotees of the coteries. He can write brilliantly and is not afraid to use language decoratively as well as imaginatively. These qualities, allied with his subtle treatment of the complexities of character and the nature of religious belief, make "Embezzled. Heaven" in my view abook perhaps notlikelytobeaspopular as"Songof Bernadette," but no whit inferior to it in style and sense of beauty.

PATRONOFVETERINARIANS.

Do veterinarians have a patron saint?

of St. Columbanus. Soon after the ac. cession of Clovis II, St. Eligius was chosen Bishop of Noyon and Tournai and was consecrated in the year 641. Hisnewofficegavehimopportunityto extend his work for religion, and his zeal in the pastoral office ended only with his death in 659. St. Eligius was for along time the most popularsaintofFrance. Inaddition tobeing the patron of allkinds ofsmiths and metalworkers,he isinvoked in behalf of horses because of the legendary tales about horses that havebecomeassociated withhis name. His feast is kepton December 1. S Kalgoorlie THE SHOP ' FOIL MEN'S WEAR

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