The Record Newspaper 14 February 1945

How Stories Are Invented to Deceive Foreign eee "Tipsters"Quoted as Authoritative Vatican Sources Rumours of Rapprochement with Russia aTypical Example—

The Vatican newspaper, "Osservatore Romano," has issued a warning against certain anonymous and clan• destine reports,which cleverly purport to have asemi-official Vatican authority and which have deceived correspondents of foreign newsagencies and been widely circulated as representative of theviewsof the Holy See.

"Osservatore Romano" recently condemned "certain anonymous and clan , destne reports concerning the Holy See, i

'which,it says, have been given wide publicity in the press, according. to reports in overseas exchanges.

It exposes astudied plan whereby spurious stories about the Vatican are carefully prepared before retailing, that they may have the appearance of asemi-official character.

"Osservatore"states that correspondents of foreign agencies and news• papers have been deceived by these prepared stories and have given them widespread dissemination. "Osservatore" brands these reports as "pure inventions," and asserts that their "carefully planned semblance of authenticity" should immediately make it evident that they are without foundation.

"Osservatore's" comment,carried in afront-page box, isas follows:

"For some time past wide public:ty has been given to certain anonymous and clandestine reports concerning the Holy See.

'These reports,which'bear only a file member,are edited wih mietieuloui, Carr,naming perosna and title$ and giving particularfacts and bearing a Vaticanprotocolnumber,tocreatethe impreedon of being of adirect, exact and semi-official character.

Pure Inventions.

• "Such reports—they are best identified by mentioning their contents— have spoken among other things of superior instructionsto the Papal Nun-' cio to Argentina. or reports reaching the Holy See and controlled by it regarding the Spanish situation. Since these reports as in the case of various others, have been accepted and di'fused by news correspondents of foreign agencies,we believe it necessary to declare that they a'e pure inventions without any foundation whatso•

ever, afact which should appear evident immediately from their carefully planned semblance of authenticity:'

HOW IT ITS DONE.

Correspondent's Redelation.

Investigating this situation, Burke. Walsh,NC.W.C. staff writer with the U.S. forces in Italy,states: For upwards of three months immediatey iolowing the liberation of Rome last Sumer, Ilived and worked in the Eternal City. While serving as correspond• ent of the N.C.W.C. News Service, I was privileged to act in aliaison ca• pacity between the Vatican and the numerous Allied correspondents gathered in the Italian capital. During this time,Isaw manifestations of the situa . tion against which "Osservatore Rom. ano" has now seen fit to speak out in condemnation.

Tipsters.

Coverage of nenvs in European capi. tats, Ilearned, has long involved the employment of "tipsters." These are persons who, rightly or wongly, pro• fess to have access to important sources of information,and offer to make them available to foreign correspond• ents forspecifiedfees. Although some hold themselves out as offering "exclusive tips" to individual corespondents, very many operate on the "masssales" plan. That is, they offer the same identical news to as many correspond• ents as will take it. The leverage, in acase of this sort,is the correspondents' ever-present fear of being "scooped"by a competitor. If the newspaper,takes a particular "tip• cter's" service,many of the others will have to fall quickly inline for reasons, as they put it, of self-protection. Iat "tipster" might actually turn up somethingbigsometime,and if theyare not in on his service,they will be "scooped."

"Exclusive News.'

In Rome,where you have both the Quirinal and the Vatican,there are a number of "tipsters" who offer to the correspondents services dealing exclulively with Vatican news. 'Saone of these have ben held out by their clients,in reproducing their "tips," as "au

thoritativeVatican sources. Some haveevenhad officialVatican titles As-

scribed to them. As thesecases have arisen, official Vatican sources have scotched the storiesandhaverepcdfated the authoritative positions attribute cd to the "tipaten."

One one occasion one of the most prominent correspondents then in Rome came to me with information he thought ought to be relayed to proper \'atican authorities. It concerned a "tipster"Ihad not yet heard of, who professed to offer each correspondent an "exclusive"service. Subscription to the service costafixedamount, and this gave the foreign correspondent the Privilege of reading the material provided to him by the "tipster." If use was made of any di the material there was afurther fixed charge.

Carefully Written.

What made this proposition so astonishing hvas that the "tipster" held himself out as having a connection with the Vatican Secretariate of State, His "stories"were very carefully written, with asterisks inserted here and there, referring to footnotes which claimed that this or that particular point came right out of the Vatican files. To substantiate this impression, folio numbers and other file references were ci?,d. This was about the time that spurious stories—including those about arapprochement between the Holy See and Soviet Russia—were flying thick and fast. It was easy to see how "tipsters" could seize upon such times to peddle their services among the correspondents,who were covering the Italian military campaign and Italian politics as well as Vatican news.

Iasked the correspondent if he had usedthe story aboutwhich he told me, fie said he had not, because he suspected it. Iasked if the "tipster'• hadshown any credentialswhichmigh• lend weight to his claim, to have an officialconnection with theVatican.He saidhe had not. Why, then, Iasked, would correspondents be misled into accepting his claims and his product? He said because the material was ,

so carefully prepared that it could easily have the aspect of authority to one without considerable experience in the coverage of the Vatican.

DreamtUp.

Correspondents

,cs told me that this man's chief dis• tinction in recent years have been as the author of pornographic writings.

From the tenor of the "Osservatore" statement, it seems that this man may still be active in Rome, or that his questionable mantle has fallen on other energetic shoulders.

CATHOLICWINS NOBEL PRIZE

OUTSTANDING SCIENTIFIC RE-

The Nobel prize for putstanding scientific research has been awarded to Dr.Edward A. Doisy, head of the Department of Biochemistry at the St. Louis University School of Medicine, conducted by the Jesuit Fathers.

Dr. Doisy shares the award, which amounts to 29,600 dollars, with Dr. Henrik Dam, Copenhagen scientist, who is now at Strong Hospital in Rochester,N.J., having gone to America when the Germans invaded Den mark. The honour was awarded to Dr. Doisy and Dr. Dam for research in Vitamin K, avital factor in blood clotting.

Corking in Copenhagen,Dr. Dam - _ discovered that absence of the vitamin caused adeficiency disease in chicks. fie tried many varieties of foods, and found that hog liver and alfalfachecked the bleeding and contained amys• terious substance that coagulated blood. He called this substance "koagulation"factor—Vitamin K.

Dr: Doisy became interested in the experiment after he heard agraduate student at the University read apaper on the patient search for the cause of hemorrhage in chicks.

Tremendous Task.

With three co-workers, Dr. Doisy undertook the tremendous task of isolatingVitamin K. They raised chicks by the thousands. and sought to get the K-factor out of afalfa and ¢utrid fish. Finally,they dissolved it out with ether.

K-vitamin is reported to have saved many lives; it is hoped it will save many others, especially those of newborn infants rwho have small amounts of protothrombin in their blood stream. Vitamin-K can be administered to amother before delivery of achild,andto the child afterbirth.

Dr. Doisy has held anumber of important scientific lectureships. He won the St. Louis Award in 1939; the Willard Gibbs Medal, top prize in chemistry, and many other bonours. lie served at Harvard University as assistant instructor in biochemistry from 1916 until 1917, when he entered the army as alieutenant in the sanitarycorps.

Some sour-

Inquiries of Vatican authorities brought the prompt response that the "tipster" was not then and had never been connected officially with the Vati• can. Other inquiries developed that he wrote his dispatch at home, where, as one person put it, he employed a highly developed imagination to "dream them up." His main achievement seems to have been the ability to give his stories the appearance of official statements that would mislead all except the very wary. ,

'The Catholic Answer

WomenCovertheir Heads-in Church on Apostolic-Authority

...

Very Often thePenitentis a BetterChristianthantheConfessor

Do Catholics Try to Suppress Freedom of Expression? --

Anglican,Maylands :

Q.: Will youexplainwhy theCatholic, and, of.course, other churches also, insist that womenshould have their heads covered in Church. Iknow itisanimmemorialcustom,butmodern conditions, especially in such a climate as f

Australis, demand some 'relaxation from such a restriction. Attar all, the commandwasonlyea• joinedbySt. Paul andneverbyOur Lord Himself.

A.: It is arule of the Church from Apostolic times that women are to have their heads covered in church and to be modestly dressed, especially when they approach the Lord's table. Therefore, to start with, even though thiscommand wasnot givenby Christ Himself, it is alaw of the Church regarding Christian modesty. Also you say it was "only enjoined by Saint Paul." You certainly brush away Apostolicauthority verylightly. And as to modern conditions and our cli. mate, of what importance are they in this matter? Women are not asked to wear atin hat or afireman's hel. met; they can wear agossamer veil if they want to. So far as modern conditions are concerned, modern hats arein keepingwith modern times, and they scarcely make the climate any more unbearable for women—not the funnylittle hats we see nowadays!

Protestant Religion, Perth:

Q.: There was no religion in Christ's days,wasthere?

A.:

There certainly was. To begin with there was the Jewish religion, which until the coming of Christ was the worship of one true God. The Jewish religion had been in existence for some hundreds and hundreds of years befpre Christ Himself came on earth, and when He finally did come Te Himself founded whatwe know to. day as the Christian religion, just whatyoumeanbysayingthere was no reliigon in Christ's day is hard to fathom.

Q.: It everybody was the same, then, why can't aCatholic marry. a nomCatholic without turning?

A.: Well, maybe I've got you all wrong, but what Ithink you mean is thattherewerenotdifferentdenominations;nthe early Christian Church. If that is so, then the answer to your question is that not everybody is the same NOW. What is more, as we have often emphasised in this session, Catholics claim that the Catholic Church is the one true Church of Christ. Hence the rules about mixed marriages. But it is not correct to say that anon-Catholic cannot marry aCatholic without "turning." Such "turning"—as you phrase it—merely for thesakeofmarriageisnotcountenanced by the Church. Aperson,may

be received into the Catholic Church only when theirmotive isgenuine con• viction in the truthof Catholicism. Howeverit IScorrecttosaythat the Catholic Church is opposed to mixed marriages, and permits them to Catholics only when there is agrave reason fordoing so, and that only after guarantees have been given concerning the freedom of the Catholic party in the practice of religion and the baptism and education of the children of the marriage in the Catholic faith.

As to your personal problem. Isug• gest you get your Catholic fiance to take it to his own parish priest.

Interested, Nyamup:

Q.: In one of your sessions I heard you declare that all other religions were false, and that the Catholic Church was the right religion.

A.: Yes, you have probably heard that statement very often over the "CatholicAnswer."

Q,: Yet inalater session,in answering aquestionfromamanin theForces, in whichhe stated that an Irishman on Gallipoli was buried with a Church of England Prayer-book, or at least that the burial service was read from aChurch of England Prayer-book, by aMethodist fellow soldier,you considered this to be in order.

A.: Quite so in the circumstances.

Q.: By yourcondemnationof all other creeds Iexpected you to say,

that this wasnoburial at all in the eyes of the Catholic Church.

A.: I'm afraid you have badly misunderstood the Catholic attitude to this and similar questions. Perhaps you may remember its having been said in this session that Baptism, for example, in another church is valid— given the right intention and the right wav of doing it. Certainly the fact that it is NOT done in a Catholic Church does not invalidate Baptism. And yet Baptism is aSacrament, and avery important Sacrament, compared to which aburialserviceis ofsmall importance. It is not any of the speakers in this session,but rather you yourself who make the jump from one thing to another—from the doctrine of the one true Church to awholesome condemnation of,everything belonging to other churches.

Incidentally, for your own interesf, and maybe that of other listeners, this is the procedureoutlined by.the Chaplains' Departmentof the Army in this war. When asoldier is to be buried the chaplain of his own church officiates ifpossible. But if necessity demands it, achaplain,of some other church performs the service. As far as,Catholic chaplains are-.concerned they-use aspecially prepared burial service for,.non-Catholics..,, the chief differenceofnotebeing theomissionof the blessing of the grave. On the other hand, when they are notified of the burial of aCatholic soldier by a non-Catholic chaplain, if possible they then perform the ceremony of blessing the grave.

Q.:Abe0"b"s

-peat d

likego" his ,

Where from to forgive the sins of his people... Onlybyprayertoowheavenly Father can vm be forgiven for

our sins; and isn't it just poatbfe thatinsomeoasesthepersonconfs. ding his or her sins might be abetter Christian than the priest htmself?

A.: Your query about the power of forgiving sins has been answered more than once before, and acopy of the answer will be posted if you write is to the session for it.

Astoyourremarkthatinsomecases the person confessing his or her sins might be abetter Christian than the priest himself, this time you err, by understatement. No doubt very often the penitent is abetter Christian than „ the priest. Remember even those people whom we honouras Saintsconiessed their sins while on earth, and rarely has the Confessor of a Saint being canonised. Youmight, in other circumstances, condemn the unworthi• uess of alearned judge; but that would not detract from the soundness (f his interpretation of the law, much less from the validity of the law itself.

F

Fair Play, Fremantle:

Q.: does the Catholi denyoth r eligious bbodiesc

same privilege as they claim for themtselvas?

A.: It does not.

the hurch

Q.: Example of this was clearly demonstrated in the Press some time ago, whensomeofyourfaith sought to restrain the "West Australian"e' from publishingopinions contrary to your own.

A,: The freedom which the Press enjoys of publishing views does not mean that individual citizens are bound to let everything printed by a newspaper pass without comment, if aman believes that amis-statement has beenmade heisentitled to sayso, and to bring forward his arguments. fie is also entitled to ask areputable newspaper to refrain from publishing slanderousandpatentlyuntrue attacks on any section of thecommunity. Furthermore, it is common practice in a free country for anewspaper to publish such comments—as in this instance the "West Australian" did— even though they are critical of the paper itself. And, finally, why is it that so many people invariably impute . to the Church the views and the actions of individual Catholics? It is such achildish ,

way of reasoning.

Q.:"Yetyour claim therighttobroadcast every Suu&y evening opinions Dot shared by alarge ®ajority of thecitizensofAustralia."

A.: Any body which is prepared to pay for"time" on the air is entitled to broadcast its views—within the limits imposed by censorship. Uthe "majority of the citizensof Australia" does not wish tolisten to such asession—the "Catholic Answer," for example—they need not. And the difference between this session and the bigoted outburst by aprominent citi• rento which youhavereferred in your letter, is that the "Catholic Answer" broadcasts the truth, is prepared to stand by the statements made in the session and,,what is more, is willing and able to prove them. People can hardly object to the broadcasting of the truth, but they are quite justified

StrangeInferencesfromanIncidentofaFlagataFuneral Bigotry would Exclude the Pope from the Peace Cofference

it. Firstofall, it quotes the reply of

Jeanette Johnson,

BAY threat:

`The Clarion Fails to

Demonstrate

Disloyalty of Catholic's

the Britain, r.A•e.that r

"theonly

roust

• tries which can be represented at the

Peace Conference are those which par- tic in the war ab belligerents:" The prinaple involved in' that state• ment belongs to a-sphere that scarce-

Q.: lh'1Mt Lake. Ihave Iistlsad N yoursimianandyellNams0mire Church d yoanett in stating that the Boom Oatheiio

l

y

So the Church. Forbids Marriage! • •°

wenld

noi•oen sc

ope zi

>rth.en. and ..4. A.: Isupposeitislittle wonder that 1sound so sure of myself wbeil'Ibit sosun that-theCatholicChwc1►isthe onetrueChurhh."Andifyou -

will forgive -

Ca-

c]de the in objecting to the publishing of elan. A. Ooberoft,Perth:

deranduntruth.

the personal note,Imight_add that I'studied the claims of -

Q.: When this war broke out one of your Church dignitaries in New $oath Wales stated,' on his return from,atrip totheOldCountry, that "a fot of:people in Ireland would like toass Britain get agood lick• Inc

." e. •

A.: The statement to which you refer was made by ayoung'curate who had just arrived in this country from Ireland. It might not have been a very tactful beginning to his ministry, but, on the other hand,it might just have been astatement of fact. And, if so,whathasthatgot to do with religion? It just beats the average Ca• tholic how peoplelikeyou can confuse the issues of religion and national feel. ing. Or doyou really confuse theml Q

hadh t 00 to

onguet

inhisch"must

eek whenhave signed his letter.

A.: Which statement is not only nonsense,but indicative of the absurd lengths of unreasonableness to which prejudice or bigotry will drive aman such asyourself. AsanAustralianby right of birth he is just as much 100 per cent.British as any other AustralianofScotch,English, French or Ger• man descent. And YOU know that all these races. and several others, are representedinthe stream of Australian nationality. You must have ashort memory indeed to have forgotten alreadythat some of the greatest names in Australian history are Irish—and PeterLalor was oneof them.

Q.:"Yetnodoubthewouldclaimthat his church was the only true body onearth torepresentHimwho said, aam the Way, the Truth,and the 11ght'"

A.: First of all, Christ said:"Iam the Way, the Truth,and the Life"— not"the Light,"as you misquote. And Idon't doubtthat"100 per cent. British"twould claim that his Church was the only true body on earth to represent the Son ofGod. Furthermore, I am sure that in advancing proofs of his claim he would keep right off the subject ofnationalism. Norwouldhis claim be disproved by the opinions on non-religious matters of fellow-members of his Faith in other lands . Ireland,for example.

Church

Q.:neverwed?Truthor Ligsthat ht,and on every occasion suppressed both, just as looper cent. British and Messrs. Byrne,and Oollopy have sought to sappreu it by their letters to the West Australian."

A: Even if youprovedaCatholicto be disloyal to his country,you would not have proved thatdisloyalty tobe due to the influence of his religion— nor would you haveproved theCatholic religion to be

false. My conten• •tion is that agood Catholic will be also, because of his faith,agood citi• ten, because the Church teaches toy alty to all legitimate authority—and ahvays has taught it.

You may say and think what you please about the Truth of the Catholic religion,but don'tabuse your intelligence by stating that Catholics are dis• loyal, thatthey are disloyal because of their religion,and that therefore the Catholic Church is opposed to Truth. Inwhich regard your concluding statement that the Catholic Church ha neverlikedTruth or Lighthas exactly thesameweightasyoureasoning—nil

STURMER AND SON, (LateHallion's), ESKERS, 90 JOHN STREET, NORTH FREMANTLE. (Tel.2739.) prate Winners Royal Show. Dell ThroughoutFremantle.

Q.: As Iam areturnedsoldier of the last war (which you didn'tattend), Ialso take exception to the way FatherHennessy treatedasoldier, a Mr. of Queensland, by not allowing an exMigger to pat the UnionJack on his soma the day'of hisfuneral.

A.: That, incidentally,isthe rather restrained opening to avery'abusive letter.) Mr. Coberoft encloses acutting from anewspaper called "The Clarion." which reports the incident of aCatholic priest in New South Wales refusingto allow thecoffin ofareturnedsoldier of thelastwartobe draped with the Union Jack, "The Clarion" waxes indignant, and Mr.Cobcroft waxes indignant That their indignation is righteous and proceeds only from the highest motives isclear from the dignity and sobriety of their language. Hereare afew samples:"The Clarion"calls the Federal Cabinet, whom,ofcourse,itexpectstomake no move in this matter,"a99 per cent. Romish outfit"; it calls the Catholic Church "aminority and foreign-controlled politico-religious organisation"; it calls Father Hennessy "an insolent agentof the Papacy," andcallson the residents of the district in which the incident occurred to show "enough in. testinal stamina to boot this cheeky and arrogant priest outof their neighbourhood."

Mr.Colcroft,in turn, commences his letter with the statement:"Iamareturned soldier of the last war—which you didn't attend." That'sanasty dig' Idon'tknow whether Mr. Cobcroft realises that Iwas only three years of age when the Great War broke out,and Iturnedsevenjusttwo days before the Armistice was signed.

Now all my information regarding this matter comes from your cutting from"The Clarion," which,judgingby its tempered language, can hardly be accepted asanunbiassedwitness.However, let us allow the substance of your complaint—that aCatholic priest refused to allow the use of the Union Jack during the religious service conducted at the parish church. The motivehegave forhisaction was that the use of the flag did not form part ofthefuneral ritesoftheChurch. Accordingtohimself.hismotivewasareligious one, and his action Was not meant to dishonour the flag. If you admit that motive —even though you condemn The action—where does the disloyalty come in? Buteven if you do not admit the motive and claim that the priest acted as he did from dislikeof theflag,whatdoyou prove?

Simply this: that one Catholic priest actedwrongly,thoughIdoubtwhether in"The Clarions" ringing phrases he was "guilty of behaviour that should sendhimbehind thebarbedwirefence of an interment camp—or aticket to Vatican City or Eire." Once again "The Clarion"crystallises righteous indignation on the rampage,but neither "The Clarion"nor yourself,Mr. Cob. croft,have the right—even according to your own mode of argument—Ao brand all Catholic priests as disloyal.

Q.: Ihave never heard You mention anything In reference to the Pope not having any vote at the Pews Conference. This paper says,"legallythePapacyhasno statusat the Peace Conference."

A.: Mr. Coberoft encloses another cutting from "The Clarion." in which thepapergivesitsreasonsforopposing anymove to give the Pope representation at the Peace Conference. Well, there can be no objection,Isuppose, to astatement of opinion.and "The Clarion"continues to use that seriousness ofargumentanddignityof language that isapparentlycharacteristic of

wouhi wish tosee the Pope'represented at the Peace Conference for quitedifferentreasons. ,

Someofthese are touched uponby "The Clarion" -

in its article,and the following quota• tions are further samples of the mode of argument of this piper:'

"Actually," sayii'"the Clarion." "there isample factual evidence that the Papacy backed the dictators in their war aims." (We notice "The Clarion"producesnofactualevidence.)

"The Vatican will make desperate efforts to stick its nose into Peace talks—not for the benefit of mankind or the future well-being and safety of theworld,butsolelyforthepurposeof strengthening the Papal organisation in world affairs."

"Roman Catholicism is essentially parasitic ... itasserts that it is the only true religion;that its head, the Pope of Rome,is temporal and spiritual dictator of the world." (How's thatforrot

"Onemightaswell,andwith equal reason,suggest that the chiefmedicine man from an African pigmy colony shouldbeinvited to the Peace Confer. ence:'

Well, words are cheap—even high sounding words. Ideas arecheap too whentheyareborrowedoraretheoutpourings of prejudice. Any old dog aroundPerthcanchaseamilk cart,or run up-and down barkinglike athing dementedbehindhis own fence. One thing IS certain: whatever about Peace Conferences the Catholic peo• ple of Australiaare taughtby theirreligion to love their fellowmen,including their fellow citizens of this coun• try; theyarenotonlynotforbidden to love their country,but are bound underpainofsintodoso. Theircontributiontothewell-being ofour coun• try is therefore assured. and will Proceed from good and worthy motives. On the otherhand,"TheClarion" and people lI qou, Mr.Cobcroft, since you endorsetheopinionsofthispaper, bring quite another sort of cootn'bution—one founded on prejudice and bitterness. Such a contribution is unworthy of Australia.

the Catholic Church very critically for several yeah before'Iarrived at the unshakeableconvictionIhavenow. You know the Church doesn'task''ablind unreasoning submission to her claims, she'd much prefer that you knewfirst ofall,whatsheclaimed,and'thenwhy she dairited it. The Churchpis quite willing:to have her claims examined, and to quite capable of furnishing abundant proofs that she is what she says she is,and that she has been given the powers and the prerogatives that she claims.

Q.: But what have you to say attar studying is the Bible (Protestant version), ITimothy.SIX, 1-'l; RV., 1•S? You are the only Ohtrahforbiddingmarriage. Qwould like a straight-forward answer.

A.: That last remark is quite un• tilled for. With regard to the texts you

cite s

Dr. Sullivan dealt with this samedifhcultyonlytour,weeksago. If youcare to havehisanswerIshallbe pleased to post it to you. Incidentally, your remark that the Catholic Church is the only Church forbidding marriage,either moat be meant as • joke or else you refer to the Catholic clergy and religious. So far as the Church forbidding marriage in general is concerned,what other body so defends marriage and upholds its sane. lily. And so far as your difficulty concernsthe celibacyof theclergyand religiousnunsandbrothers, Icanonly suggest,afterhaving treated it myself ad nauseam in thepast,that youtrot your objection along to the nearest barber and have its whiskers trimmed.

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The Clarion:rFallsto-Demonstrate

in objecting to the publishing of sloes• der!nduntruth.

it. Firstofall, it quota the reply of

the DeputyPrime Atta that oneGreat

tries which can be represented at the Peace1?odereace are tbols whichpar•

. ticipatedin the war ai belligere»ts:' , The`ptindple Involved -

irt'that'state-

went belongs to a''apherb Out @P.itt:eIy rnntee within thescope:of ,

this 1100• sioa: it would,of 000rse,etcluda the Popeasrulerofaneutral state.rCa• tholics would wish todes the' ,

J•aNNJohasas, • ftRrcOf:

Q.: Lalot. Zt ham

he

' yoQaiad•m oldyt0Namasamad ' ht-aWiod that the likasaa OUOChtQtl!!'1rthtl'dacsaidc*.A.: I0nppoleiLislittlewo•r that tlatrad so sure'of"myself"tlhsil"I!wi wsumthattheCathalic'Ct

hurd1'isthe . onettbd l4tdityott`t►ill forgive ..

A. Qobrl'o!k tP@rth:

Q.: is Ionarettraadsoidt0s'of the Lst war (which you didn't'attcad), •IaLo take exception to the- way ]rather13@nnettytreated asoldill;'a Mr. flgeath, of Qtwalland,:•by not A

llowing an

Pope're• presented at the Peace Conference for quite'differentreasons.' Sos6eofthin are touched uponby "Thb Claritinr"'in its article, and the following" quotations are further acroVia of the'mode of argument of this 00¢00'•"»r'

the'¢eracYW,dote, Imidst_add that I'9tudied"the claims of'the Oar tholic Church'very-critically lot 1ev era! years before'Tarrlved ,

at the

Q.: When fiat!war broke outow of .your Church dignitaries fa"'llew loath Walls stated; on his return tramatriptotheDidCountry,that • ' "a.sohat:010100!10 is'Ire]ani-Weald lk`

etoses ,

i

11riMintetra goodr•Ilek• •

R., The statement to which you refer was ,

made'by•a young curate who had just arrived in this country from Ireland. It might not have been a very tactful beginning to hisministry, but, on the other hand,it might just have been astatement of fact. And, if so,whathas thatgot to do withreligion? Itjust beats the averageCatholichow peoplelike you can confuse the issues of religion and national feel. ing. Ordoyou really confuse them! Q.: sh" must have had tongueinhisi

checkwhenhe signed -

hisletter.

A.: Which statement

is not only nonsense,but indicative of the absurd lengths of unreasonableness to which prej

udice or bigotry will drive aman suchasyourself. AsanAustralianby right of birth he is just as much 100 per cent.British as any other Austra• lianofScotch,English,French or German descent. And YOU know that all these races,and several others, are representedinthe streamofAustralian nationality. You must have ashort memory indeed to have forgotten alreadythatsome of the greatestnames in Australian history are Irish—and Peter Lalor was one ad them.

Q.:"Yetnodoubthewouldclaimthat bit Church was the only true body onearth torepreaeatSimwhoraid, 3am the Way, the Truth,and the Light'It

A.: First of all, Christ said:"Iam the Way,the Truth,and the Life"— not"the Light," as you misquote.And Idon'tdoubtthat "100 per cent. British" would claim that his Church was the only true body on earth to represent the Son ofGod. Furthermore, I am sure that in advancing proofs of his claim he would keep right off the subjectofnationalism. Norwouldhis claim bedisproved by the opinions on nonreligious matters of fellow-members of his Faith in other lands Ireland,for example.

sawnliked'h e

Q

athboi'that your a•n• everyoccasion IUPWemdboth, just as100perbent.British and Messrs. Byrne,and Aollopy have sought_to mpprsa !t5y their letters to th1 "West rnatralian"

A: EvenifyouprovedaCatholicto be disloyal to his country,you would not,have proved that disloyalty tobe due to the influence'of his religion— nor would-you haveprovedtheCatbolic religion to be false. My contention is that agood Catholic will be also, because of his faith,agood citizen, because the Church teaches loy alty to all legitimate authority—And always has taught it.

You may say and think what you please about the Troth oftheCatholic religion,'but don'tabuse your intelligenceby stating that Catholics are disloyal,thatthey are disloyalbecauseof their religion,and that therefore the Catholic Church is opposed to Truth. Inwhichregard your concludingstatement that the Catholic Church has neverlikedTruth or Lighthasexactly thesameweight as youreasoning—nil!

S.TURMER AND SON, (Late Hallioo'1), BAESEl, 90 JOHN STREET,NORTI" FREMANTLE. (Tel.2730J fPrls@ W1an@n Royal Show. DltivssissThroaghoat >ttlmsatia.

e=•lggertla• pat the Union.Jackonhiseo•a the day•o! his-fm@saa.' P1

` -1

'--re r.r „

A.: That, incidentally,is the rather restrained opening to-a very ,

abusive letter.) Mr. Cobcroft encloses acutting from anewspaper called "The Clarion." which reports the incident of aCatholic priest in New South Wales refusingtoallowthecoffin offareturnedsoldier ofthelastwartobe draped with the Union Jack, "The Clarion" waxes indignant,and Mr.Coberoft waxes indignant That their indignation is righteous and proceeds only from the highestmotives is clear from the dignity and sobriety of their language.,

Hereareafewsamples:"The Clarion"calls the Federal Cabinet, whom,-ofcourse,itexpectstomakeno move ,

in this matter,"a99 per cent. Romish outfit"; it calls the Catholic Church "aminority and foreign— trolled politico-religious organisation"; it calls Father Hennessy "an insolent agentof the Papacy," andcallson*the residents of the district in which the incident occurred to show 'enough in. testinal stamina to boot this cheeky and arrogant priest outof their neighbourhood."

Mr.Colcroft,in turn,commences his letter with the statement:"Iamareturned soldier of the last war--which you didn'tahead." That'sanasty dig! Idon'tknow whether Mr. Cobcroft realises that Iwas only three years of age when the Great War broke out,and Iturnedseven justtwo days before the Armistice was signed.

Now all my information regarding this matter cornea from your cutting from "TheClarion;" which,judgingby its tempered language,can hardly be accepted asanunbiassedwitness.How. ever,]et us allow the substance of your complaint—that aCatholic priest refused to allow the use of the Union Jack during the religious service conducted at the parish church. The motivdhegaveforhisaction wasthat the use of the flagdid not form pars of thefuneralritesoE'theChurch. Ac• cordingtohimself,hismotivewasareligious one, and his action was not meant to dishonour the flag. It you admit that motive--even though you condemn the action—where does the disloyalty cometest Buteven -

If you do not admit the motive and claim that the priest acted as he did from dislikeoftheflag,whatdoyou prover Simply this: that one' Catholic priest actedwrongly,thoughIdoubtwhether in'"The Ciarone" ringing phrases he was "guilty of behaviour that should sendhimbehindthebarbed'wirefence of an'interment camp—or aticket'to Vatican City or Eire."'Once again "The Clarion"crystallizes righteous fn• lignation on the rampage,but neitber The Clarion" nor yourself,Mr. Cob• croft,have the right—even according to your dun mode of argument--to brand all Catholic priests as disloyal.

Q.: it have never heard you mintloa anything is reference to the•fMpe sot having my vote at the Jhaa Conference.

This Paper trays,-

"legW thePapacyhuno statusat the Pestcs OoalOrena."

A.: Mr. Cobcroft encloses another cutting from "The Clarion," to which thepapergivesitsreasonsforopposing anymove togivethe Pope represents* lion at the Peace Conference. Well, there can be no objection.I'auppoae, to astatement of opinion.and "The Clarion"continua to use that seriousneeofargumentand dignityoflangn• age that isapparentlycharocteriltic of

"Actually;' eagli,

"t

'•6 Clarion:' "there'is'ample factualevidence` that the Papacy backed'thb"dictators'in their'war ,

aims." (We notice "The Clarion"pcodneesn6factualevidence,)

"The Vaticanwill •

make delpei'ite efforts to stick its nose into Peace talks—not for the benefit of mankind or the future well-being and safety•of theworld,butsolelyforthepurposeof strengthening the Papal organisation in world affairs."

"Roman Catholicism is essentially parasitic :.. itasserts thatit is the only tree religion;that its head, the Pope of Rome,is temporal and spiritual dictator of the ,

world." (How's thatforroll)

"One mightaswell,andwith equal reason,suggest thatthechiefmedicine man from an African pigmy . colony shouldbeinvited tothe Peace Confer.

Well, words are cheap--even high sounding words. Ideas arecheap too when theyareborrowedoraretheoutpouringsof prejudice. Any old dog aroundPerth canchaseamilkcart,or run up-and down barkinglike athing demented behindhisown fence. One thing IS certain: whatever about Peace Conferences the Catholic pea plcofAustraliaare taughtby theirreligion to love their fellowmen,Including their fellow citizens ,

of 'this cdnri• try; theyarenotonlynotforbiddento love their country,but are bound underpainofsintodoso.'Theircontribution tothewell-beingofour country is therefore assured, -

and'will proteed from good and worthy motives. On the otherhand "TheClarion"and people like'you,'ll& •Cobcrdit, since you endorsethe-opinionsofthispaper, bring quite another -

sort of contra lion—one founded on' prejudice'and bitterness. 'Such a contribution is unworthy of Australia.

Unshakeablecenvictidn'Ihablnow.' You know the Church doesn't'ask"s blind unreasoning'subinieeion to'her'cikimK : she'dmuch prefer that youkaeti'Stet , ofall,whatchb'claiined'a»titifenirlY she elaliietl'it:

14-UGlhik&llsquit*• Willing- to'hhve heOrtlaims'exas>tbted. and ,

to quite"capable'' of furoisifttt abundant ptooifa ,

rthat(she'is wbat'ebs says she is, and that'she hil„

:beta given the powers and the prerogatives that she'claims. ' , .. , , , Q.: But whas have you to say after studying to -

the -

Bible 1Protealaat version), I'Timothy. =;'1-2; RV:, 1•g? Yon are the onlyChurch Owbidding marriage.' Iwould IBM a straightiosward aasw*. '

A.: That last remark is quite uncalled for. With regard to the text@ you cite Dr.Sullivandealt with this samedifficultyonlyfourweeksago. If youcare to havehisanswerIshallbe pleased to post it to you. Incidentally, Your remark that the Catholic Church is the only Church forbidding marriage, either must bemeant as A joke or else you refer to the Catholic clergy and religious. So far as the Church forbidding marriage in general is concerned, what other body so defends marriage and upholds its sane. tity. And so far as your difficulty' concernsthe celibacyof theclergyand religiousnunsandbrothers,Icanonly suggest,after having treated it myself adnauseam in thepast,thatyoutrot your objection along to the nearest barberand have its whiskers trimmed.

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Examination Results, 1944

UNIVZFAITY.

,R* DgreeOonapleted: H. McNAMARA.

LMLVMGGZRTEM LTZ.

(Subjects taken:English, Latin, French,History,Geography,Mathematics A, Mathematics B.Geology, Physiology and Hygiene,Industrial History and Economics.)

6. BOWDEN: 7subjects.

M. NICHOLAS: 5subjects, 1 dictinction.

L. BRADLEY:8subjects.

JUNIOR CZBTDIWATZ.

(Subjects taken:English, French, Italian, History, Geography, MathematicsA, Mathematics B. Geology, Physiology and Hygiene,Drawing A, Domestic Science; Commercial Methods, Shorthand,Typewriting,Music.)

M. CARNEY: 9subjects.

D. WEEKS: 9subjects.

A. FONTANA: 9subjects.

J. GASCOIGNE:8subjects.

J. LORING: 8subjects.

M. McGURK: 8subjects.

W. EGAN: 8subjects.

M. KEELY: 71 subjects.

N. BATTEN: 7subjects.

J. ZUEGG: 7subjects.

P. CLANCY: 7subjects.

L. SPENCER: 7subjects.

P. RICHARDS: 61 subjects.

C. DUIGNAN: 6subjects.

R. PAYNE: 6subjects.

P. LEAHY: Msubjects.

V. JACK: 5subjects.

P. NORTON: 4(1943);2(1944).

E.SIBBRITT: 41 subjects.

P. HARRISON: 4subjects. JUNIOR COMMEROIAL.

P. NORTON: 2subjects.

V. BRASHAW: 2subjects.

N. BATTEN: 2subjects.

N.`BRODERICK: 11 subjects,

P. LEAHY: 11 subjects.

M. KEELY: 11 subjects.

P. RICHARDS: 11 subjects.

E. SIBBRITT: li subjects.

RESULTS OF MUSIC.EXAMINATIONS, 1944. UNIVERSITY. Practical, Theory and Musical Pereep tionMay and October,

PIANO:

GRADE I.—Honours: M. McGurk (94) IL Holmes, F. Arndt. Credit: P. Schocker. Pass: J. Hammett, E. Sibbritt.

GRADE II.—Honours: V. Carney, C. Peacock B.Tayor. Credit:A.Lambert, P. Reilly, R. Harris. B. Bourke, F. Preshaw. Pass: M. Flynn.

GRADE TIT.--Credit: P. Baird. Pass: B. McMahon.

GRADE IV.—Honours: M. Bourke, Credit: J. Felton, V. O'Sulivan, N. Ahern, F. Lyons, P. Turner, A. Mc-

Carthy. Pass: J. McAloney,-J. Mc. Donald, A. West, M. Leahy.

GRADE V.—Honours: E. Siegrist (90), J.

Doyle (90), D. Tilby (90.). S. McInerney,M. Patman,J. Hay. Credit: L. Arndt, JHoult, B. Lockton, M.McCann,

J. Manning, P. Sturrock,L. Will),N.Wilson.

GRADE VI..—Honours: F. Carlisle, P. Davis, A. Farquharson,S. Hayes, E. Smith. A. Cooper. Credit:G. Buck, V. Corr•vall, J. Crosland-Boyle, A. Dwyer, B Heagney, P. Jones, G. Krinks,

M. McCarthy, M. Mellor, M. Murray,J. O'Brien,C. Robertson, B. Whyborn, M. Haddow, C. Stephens. Pass:G.Greenaway,M.Brookes.

PREPARATORY: S. Alcock (90),•M. Bennett,E. Brown, P.Cameron, D. Fenwick, P. Hackett R. Hubble, R, Lingard,V.Mapp, D:Miller, D. Mortimer, E. Philby, A. Reed, V. Selby, N. Selby. H. Shaw, B. Wilkinson.

VIOLIN:

GRADE I.—Honours: R. Payne (93), S. Knight, J. Booth.

GRADE III.—Honours: N. Bourke, D. Percival. Credit: C. Harris, L. Jenkins. Pass: L. Davey.

GRADE IV.—Honours: M.Dwyer,Cre. dit: J. Bresland V. Duignan, M. Weeks. Pass: V. Lyons.

GRADE V.—Honours: L. Arndt (91), P. Corry, D. Carney., Credit: N. Ahern P.D'Arcy, H. Lewis.

GRADE VI.—Honours: M. O'Neill (91), L. Deverell, B. Harrison, Y. Logan. Credit: P. Allen, P. Crolwe, J.Eddington, K.Emmett, D. Harley, R. Nash. Pass:M.Turner,D. Rear. don.

PREPARATORY: D. Jones (91), F. Male (91), Z. Bernet, B. Cohen, V. Deane. B. Farquharson, L. Furphy, B. Grasso, G .Greenaway, M, Haddon B. Marchant, C. Ryan.

s3Naipr0:

GRADE IV.—Honours: E. Sibbritt. Credit: R. Scott. Pass: W. Kooiker.

GRADE V.--Credit: M. O'Connor.

MUSICAL.PZROEPI'ION:

GRADE II.—Honourst V. Nelmes. Credit: M. Power.

GRADE III.—Honours: M. Carney (97), M. MCGurk (92),R. Payne (90),,9. Knight, S. Stephens, P. Harrison, E. Sibbritt, J. de Heer. Credit: C. Duignan, N. Broderick P. Leahy, H. Holmes, Pass: J. Booth, F. Arndt, D. Weeks.

GRADE IV.—Honours: M. Dwyer '(94),C.Peacock (92) R.Harris(92), V. Carney (92). J. Bresland, B. Bourke, N. Broderick A.• Fontana. Credit: P. Clancy, L: Spencer, P. Baird, B. Taylor.

THEORY:

GRADE V.—Honours: V. Carney, P. Corry, V.Duignan. Credit: N. Wilson.

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GRADEVl.—'honours: L. Deverell, M. Turner, R. Nash, S. McInerney, C. Arris, J. O'Brien, 11, Murray, Credit: L. Tuohy.

ART OFSPZIDCH—UNIVERSITY.

ASSOCIATE—Practical: M. McPhail, M. Cream. Theory: M. Cream.

GRADE III.—Credit: U. Mellor.

GRADE IV,—Honours: K. Ryan. Credit: S. Hayes. Pass: C. Fogarty.

GRADE V.—Credit: B. Carlson, B. Cohen. Pass;0. Dillon,M. Doran, A. West.

GRADE VI—Honours: M. O'Neill.

TRnef'Y COLLZGZ,PRI/_t7TICAL, -AUCIUM 1944..

LICENTIATE PIANOFORTE: V. Nelmes.

SENIOR PIANO—Honours:P.Clancy, C. Duignan.

SENIOR VIOLIN- Merit: L. Jenkins. Pass: C. Harris.

INTERMEDIATE PIANO—Honours: S. Ponsford., INTERMEDIATE VIOLIN — Honours:D. Percival(90),V. O'Sullivan, N. Bourke.

,JUNIOR PIANO—Honours: M. McGowan,C.Fogarty. Merit: N.Ahern. JUNIOR VIOLIN—Honours: J. Bresland, L. Arndt, M. Weeks.

ADVANCED PREPARATORY PIANO—Honours: B. Linden (90), J. Doyle.

PREPARATORY PIANO--Honours: S. McInerney (90) M. Patman.

FIRST STEPS PIANO—Honours: P. Westerhout. IMerit: V. Van OOran, A. Cooper.

FIRST STEPS VIOLIN—Honours: M. O'Neill, B. Harrison. Merit: E. Male.

INITIAL PIANO—Honours: B. Wilkinson. Merit: K. Irvine, J. Davis. TRINITYOOLLZGZ,THEORY. December,190;June, 1944.

SENIOR--Honours: M. Carney (98), C. Duignan (92). Merit: M. MeGurk, R. Payne, ADVANCEb INTERMEDIATE— Honours: C. Peacock (91), B.Taylor (90).

INTER\IEDIAT13—Honours: B. Taylor(100), A. Fontana, L. Spencer, D. Percival.

ADVANCED JUNIOR—Honours: B. McMahon. J. Bresland, M. Brophy,

J,McDonald, N. Broderick,F.Lyons. Merit:-U. Mellor,. Pass:P. Clancy, P. Reilly.

JUNIOR—Honours: V. Carney (100), V. Duignan (100), P.Corry(100), L. Hellman (100), J. McAloney (100),P. Baird,N. Johnstone,A. McCarthy, P. King V. Lyons, J. Thompson, J. Doyle, A McDonough.

PREPARATORY—Honours: D. Carney (100), P. D'Arcy (100), P. Ruston, F.Carlisle,A. Cooper, M. Pat' r" man, A. Dwyer, M. Cover, J.Male.

ELOCUTION,TRINITY 0OLLIDG9.

ASSOCIATE—

(Practical): W.Ryan,M. McPhail, A. Clarke, B. Marshall, M. Sheehan. INTERMEDIATE—Merit: A. Lambert.

JUNIOR—Honours: E. Siegrist, S.. Skinner. Merit: C. Fogarty, M. ' Mellor, L. Arndt M.McCann.

ADVANCED PREPARATORY— ours; M, Bourke. Merit:B. Lockton, G. Greenaway,V. Mapp, G. Buck, A. Dwyer.

PREPARATORY — Honours: D. Jones. Merit: B. Philby, B. Corntwall, R. Brennan,A. Waddington. Pass: Z. Bernet.

FIRST STEPS—Merit: A. Middleton M. Pannell, N. Corry, P. Buck, P. r Hackett. -

VERSE SPEAKING CHOIRS:

INTERMEDIATE:.Honours.

JUNIOR: Merit.

PREPARATORY No. 1: Honours.

PREPARATORY No. 2: Honours. UNIVERSITY EXHIBITIONS, 1914.

GRADE I. PIANO: Molly McGurk (94Marks). Exhibition,£8.

GRADE I. VIOLIN: Rosemary Payne (93 Marks). Exhibition £8.

GRADE III. VIOLIN: N. Bourke (89 Marks). Exhibition £4.

GRADE. V. VIOLIN: Louise Arndt (91 Marks). Exhibition 12.

STOLTE MEDALS TRn= COLLEGE (Awarded 1944).

SENIOR THEORY: Margaret Carney (98 Marks).

INTERMEDIATE VIOLIN: Daphne Percival(90 Marks).

JUNIOR VIOLIN—Jacqueline Bresland(88 Marks). '

ADVANCED PREPARATORY

PIANO: Betty Linden (90 Marks).

How Sweden Trains Youth for the Land

Swedish educationalists have long understood that instruction and traininghavebecamemoreandmoreneem sary for both male and female rural youth.

They realise that young farmers can no longer receive adequate training in their own homes. New scientific discoveries which have an intimate bearing on the proper pursuit c4 farming somastogain the highestpossible yield: up-to-date technical appliances, the useof which can be learned-only outside the home and adiminution in the numberofworkerson the farm—all go to show that more than ever the work in afarmer's home has become aprofession demanding athorough training like any other profession.

In the Primary Schools.

In Sweden they have no qualms about introducing agricultural training in primary schools. According toMr. M. de Wachenfelt, Agricultural Counseller to the Swedish Legation in London (quoted in "Swedish News"), children usually receive their first in. struction in agricultural mattersin the elementary and secondary schools.

In the elementary schools this in. structionisofapracticalnature,school gardens and school kitchens being widely utilised.

Three hundred and sixty hours of instruction,spread over two years, are givenin thesecondaryschools,and the courses over such subjects as the cul. tivation of the soil, the care ofdomestic animals and the growing of plants.

Associawm of Your;Farmers.

Apart from this more or less ele. mentary instruction, there are certain youth organisations--especially the As. sociationofYoungFarmers-4which are veryactiveintheirworkamongschoolchildren. In 1942 27,000 young people tookpart in these pursuits,whichwere led by approximately fifty expert advisers and instructors.

This work has really given better results than the formal instruction in the secondary schools. Through the activities of study-circles and competitions promoted by the Association the members receive avaluable theoretical and practical training in agriculture.

Agreat help has been the publication in recent years of anumber of cheap textbooks on agricultural matters; these are widely read.

FarmersSons'Schools. r

More advanced training in practical farm management and in rural economy is provided by the Agricultural Schools,Schools for Farmers'Sons,and SchoolsforRuralEconomy. Thefirstnamed are the oldest type; theirchief object is to train agricultural foremen andalso to provide futureowner-farm ers with amore general knowledge of farming. At present there are eight such schools, all State-subsidised.

Since 1870 there have been "Lant• mannaskolor"(Farmers'Sons'Schools) attached to People's High Schools. At present there are 46 such distributed. all over the country. State-subsidised and attended by about 1,500 pupils. Theusualcourse,heldgenerallyinwin• ter, lasts five months.

A farmer nowadays must not only be an efficient worker;'he must know something about nature,the soil and the various plants. about cattle and their economic feeding. He mustfollow technical developments and be something of an economist when buying and selling. And, last but notleast, he must have imbibed tht right spirit for agricultural co-operation. All this isrvrhat the "Lantmannaskolor" would teach young men.

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Real Grief for Sin is in

the Willratherthan-theFeelings

What Constitutes aPurpose of Amendment .. .

The remotematterof the Sacrament of Penance consists of the sins of the penitent, and the proximate matter of the penitential acts performed by him in reference to these sins—viz., contrition, Confession, and satisfaction. Thesethree willnow claim in turnour attention.

Contrition,orBorrowforft.

Contrition is defined by the Council of Trent thus:"Grief and detestation ofsin committedwitharesolve notto sin in future."

Of the three necessary penitential acts above enumerated, contrition is by far the most important, for on it depends true repentance and conversion of heart, and without this true in•wardchingetherecanobviouslybe no forgiveness fromGod. Nomatter how mathematically exactmy enumeration ofsins to theconfessor may be, it will not avail for pardon unless Itruly repent of them in my heart. And this is true of all sin, whether mortal or venial. There must be real conversion, which implies two things: that Iturn my will away from the evil I have loved, and turn in towards God whom Ihave postponed to that evil.

"Cast away from you all your transgressions.., and make to yourself a +. new heart and anew spirit: and why will ye die, Ohouse of Israel? For Idesire not the death of him that dieth: return ye, and live."

In thus insisting on the importance of sorrow, the other two penitential processes may not be "stamped;'' as having comparafively small importance, but only-that if, for example, a person must perforce choose between asomewhat fuller examination of conscience and greater attention to contrition and purpose of amendment, he ought to prefer the latter.

This observation has special point for anxious souls who are prone to overmuch self-searching and introspection about piore triflingmatters.

Now we will consider the nature of the sorrow for sin that is required. The word "contrition" is often made to stand for anygradeof supernatural sorrow; but, more strictly speaking, when used without qualification, itsig. nifies the highest of three possible grades of sorrow, the other two being more properly called attrition. or imperfect contrition.

There are three grades of supernatural sorrow for sin, any of which availsforsacramentalabsolution.

1. Lowest Grade.—Sorrow prompted by filial feir of God's judgments—in •particular, the eternal punishment of hell. N.B.—The fear must be filial— thatis to say not servile, which last only means,' t

Iwould sin if Idared," and thereforeinvolvesawish to sin— ewish incompatible with true deter tation ofsin and repentance.Thus the slave avoidsoffendinghismastermerelybecauseofthelash which heseesin his master's hand.

..5, Intermediate Orsde.—Sorrow out of consideration forGod's bounty and goodness tome in the past or present.

The above two grades belong to

AV trition. or Imperfect Contrition.

3'Highest Cradle. or".Perfect" Con. tritfon.—Sorrow out of consideration of God's goodness in Himself, and for +he sake of His perfections, above and beyond the mereconsiderations of His benefits to me.

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The motive for sorrow in this last and highest grade is love of God for His own sake, and above all else. I love Him because He is what He it(soholy,sogood,sogreat,andhenceso infinitely worthy tobe loved before everyone and everything,and on this accountIgrieve tohaveoffendedHim.

Now,any one of theaforesaidgrades will sufficefor pardon, coupled with Confession, but only the highest

will avail without it. Thus, aperson dyingin arailway disaster,andconscious of mortalsinwill notsavehis soul by sorrow based,,

for example, on fear of hell. Yetwemay-

trustthatthegreat goodness of God would enable one so placed

to make an act of perfect contrition.

But this will not justify us in living lives ofsin and relyingupon some exceptional grace of perfectcontrition in the'event of being.surprisedby death. That would be playing fast and loose with Almighty God. and "God is not mocked." Few priests have lacked painful experiences of such fatal rashness. True,wecanneversafelyaffirm that any soul hasactually suffered the penalty of its practical mockery of God, however convincing the terrible appearances—soimmense is the Divine mercy.

It may be asked, Under what grade should we classsorrow forsin promptedbythe thought of the bitter sufferings and deathendured by Christ for thoseverysinswhichweareabout to confess? Thistwilldepend upon the exact direction which such sorrow takes. IfIlook chiefly or solely to the benefit which accrues to myself from thePassion ofOurLord, thesorrow will not rise above the second grade. ButifIdeplore those atoning sufferings as evils for Him, Iseem to attainto the highestgrade. And per. haps one is more easily raised to perfect contrition by such meditations than by pondering over any other truth of faith. So striking an outward proof of God's goodness to me easily leads meon tothe reflection: If Godcould suffer suchtormentsandunspeakable outrages, knowing all the time how ill Ishould repay His selfsacrificinglove, then whataninfinitely goodGod He must be in Himself! Thus the adorable perfections of Our Lord, manifested so signally in His SacredPassion,begintopush thought,of selfinto the background. Similarly, the intense pleasure which Imay. derive from viewing some great painter's masterpiece soon carries me on to admiration and esteem for the skilled maestrohimself.

Alittle quiet reflection before some appealing crucifix, while preparing for Confession. is probably the most efficacious means for arousingthe soul to perfect contrition for its sins. Let those who despair of such perfection try the expedient suggested. They are likely to receive an agreeable surprise.

00RTRMON

Qualities of Sorrow Requhv&

The chief qualities that must distinguish oursorrowforsinarethese: Our sorrow must be (1) universal(formortal sins);(2) supernatural:(3) sincere—(a) as regards the sins committed,(b) as to our resolve, with the helpofGod, not torepeatthemin the future.

These qualities need some little explanation.

..L Universal.--Our sorrow must extend to all mortal sins committed

without exception. Since it is the nature of each individual mortal sin to deprive us of God's friendship, we cannot regain the latter if unrepentant for any, single mortal sin. There is, however, no need to recall every mortal sin of the past that has been confessed andisdone with. Stillless need.we imagine to ourselves all possible mortal sins in order to exercise our contrition upon them all, For sorrow can only exist for sins really committed, and inagiven .Confession we need only concern ourselves with those of which we have been guilty since our last absolution. In this point of universality our sorrow differs from our purposeof amendment, of which presently.

S. Bupsraatural—The motive rwhich leadsus to be sorry—the reasons why we are sorry—must be "supernatural" which means "above nature"—that is to say, our sorrow must not spring from some purely human consideration, but from some religious truth taught us by our faith and hence in some sense connected with God, Who isthe person offended,

S. Sinters.—(a) For sincere sorrow, there must-be detestation of the sin— aversion from it, at all events in the higher and intellectual part of-our being. Sensiblegrief, orfeelingofsorrow and tears. are not essential. On the other hand, amere regretful wish that we had not fallen is not enough —this being hardly distinguishable from remorse of conscience or selfreproach, which, in all but hardened sinners, inevitably attends conscious wrong-doing. Even Judas had this: "I have sinned, betraying innocent blood." My sorrowmustbeanactive one, as distinguished from the- mere sense of regret or shame which may existevenin asoul that has no intention of seeking pardon. Moreover, as the Church teaches, it must be brightenedby "hope of pardon."

It has been said that sensible sorrow, or sorrow of feelings, is not an essential testofsincerity. Few truths aremoreimportant

in thespiritual life than we serve God with our spiritual wills, and not with feelings. No doubt this sense of grief is acomfort and a help—nay, it may even be a special grace. The Roman Missalgivesaset of prayers"for obtaining the gift of tears." Tears of contrition, such as furrowedSt.Peter's cheeks are notto be despised, and still less considered unmanly. All the same,griefissometimesmoreintenseandlastinginthose who do not exhibit, and perhaps are so constituted as to be incapable of exhibiting, outward signs of it.

Thecorrectnotionofatrue purpose of amendment in the matter of avoidingsininfuture,liesbetweentwofalse extremes. (1) Itdoes notmean that we feel sure, or know, that we shall never so offend again. If this surety wereneeded,howcould,ag.,aconfirmeddrunkard,who,rousedbyamission, makes avery full and careful Confession, and really tries to take afresh start—how could such aoneblipfear-t ing lest weakness should cause him to relapseagainlater? Exceptforasort of moral miracle, it is likely he will havesome furtherfalls before hegains complete mastery over his inveterate habit.

(2) Theopposite falseextremewould be to confuse atrue purpose with a mere wish to be good. This is no more atrue resolve than mere regret athaving sinned is truesorrow. We' allwish to be good,andwould be.but that we shrink from the trouble involved in realising the wish. Such wishes are inefficacious, which do not suffice to bring men to the point of taking thenecessarymeansfortrue repentance. Every soul now eternally lost has probably had them—those "good intentions" which are said to pave their place of endless punishment.

The true purpose lies between these extremes. It is like this. Here and now Iam determined to do my best

to avoid the repetition of my sin. I have grave misgivings as to my strength of will to persevere. Perhaps Ihave, in my past experience, ample grounds for fearing my own I weakness. But while afraid of mysef, Iput full trust in the grace of-God that it will support my good will andgrantmethe victory. Asfor what may happen later, when, perhaps, Ishall have weakly relaxed in my prayers and my vigilance against occasions of sin, Iknow nothing, and can prophesy nothing. True, I may fail, though Ihave do intention of doing so. On tbe--cuntrary, Isincere. ly mean and resolve not to do so. Of course,there must be no secret inten. tion of taking asinful holiday later— say,atChristmasorNewYear, orduring my summer holiday. -

1.-Acts ofcontrition shouldbe made with reference to the absolution in prospect. By "reference" is meant having Confession in view when making the acts, and meaning them for that purpose.

Forfearoftheubiquitous"fidget"I hasten to add that no express direr tionof the mind,or"intention" ofthe sort ;

is needed twhen we are formally engagedinpreparingforConfession.

This pointbeing settled,wecometo the question asto how far actsofsorrow madeat odd timesin ourprayers —say at nigbt-prayers, after examining into the faults of the day—count as preparation for some future Confession. This is aquestion whichmost. ly concerns those whose opportunities for Confession come unexpectedly to them,and have to be seized on at short notice. Those who make daily examination ofconscience for somelit= tle space each day,and with average attention,adding acts of contrition, should be ready for Confession any time at very short notice indeed.

Now, -as for the acts of contrition made on stray occasions,it is strongly recommended expressly to renew these for purpose of Confession. That is all Imean by this point, which clearly doesnotconcernpeople whogo to Confession at leisure, find- at the time chosen by themselves,and hence have time for afull preparation.

2. What is the order in which con. trition and absolution should stand to- "' wards oneanother? In practice,con-' trition should come before absolution.Clearly,tobe effective, absolution must fall upon aheart already contrite. This is the only safe way of securing amoral oneness between sorrow and absolution. This does not mean that absolution will not benefit usunlesswearesorrybeforegoinginto the confessional,which,however,, is whateveryone ought to endeavourto secure. Nor must the contrition necessarily be realised in any setCorm of words, provided that in our hearts Ave have the true qualities of contnf tion. Still,foryoungpeople, for the unlettered,and even for those whose lives give them little opportunity for religiousreflection,asetformofwords is of considerable importance. No child,or recent convert,should fail to know some verbal form of contrition substantially by heart. For example, the following brief form expresses all the essentials ofcontrition:"OGod, I am trulysorryforall mysins,because Thou art so good;and resolve, with Thy help,tosinnomore."

Asamatterofpractice,it is import'ant that ourcontrition and purpose of amendmentshould.be in operationbe. fore entering the confessional, lest flurryordistractionshouldcauseusto miss this essential for pardon.- If, through nofault of ours, we are practically forced to burryin to thepriest withouthavinghad the time necessary for this, there is no objection to our telling thepriest so, and asking for a few moments to ourselves for supplying thewant. So, too should Iby chance find it impossible to mowmyself to any sort of sorrow or purpose at my preparation, let me expose my

St. . Joseph's' Convents' -

SouthPerth

JUNIOR OERTMnUTZ---Nov=ber, 196L

NORMA ABLETT: 7subjects.

THELMACURRAN: 8subjects.

THERESE MURPHY:10 subjects.

EILEEN O'BRIEN:7subjects.

JEANNE STAINES: 6subjects.

MAXINE BISHOP (completing): 2 subjects.

ALLUM2 lR.ANGZAZ EZAA9INATZON, 191L

GRADE IV.-Distinction: Ursula Ensor. Pass: June Curran.

MURN RESULT[), 194E TILIMMY OOLLEGE.

Practical:

ASSOCIATE: MaisieHammer,A.T.CL

Theory of Kok:

ADVANCED INTERMEDIATEHohours:Maisie Hammer,Patricia McCabe.

INTERMEDIATE - Honours: Margaret Kelly, Cynthia Harvey.

ADVANCED JUNIOR-Merit: Margaret O'Brien,Anne Hassell,Patricia O'Grady, Natalie Harvey. Pass; Merle Diggina.

JUNIOR-Honours: Donna Brennan Roma Ford, Margaret Goerke, Jill Franey. Merit: Artemis Joannides, Mary Perry, Elaine Saunders,Isobel Fraser.

PREPARATORY - Honours: Edna Patman, Ethel Adams, Roma McClean, Lennorry Stirling, Maureen Byrne, Janet Inglis, Dorothy Bowden, Merit:Delores Stirling.

FIRST, STEPS-Honours: Dallas Walsh (100), Pamela Perry (100), Judith Hamilton (100), Valda Belcher (95), Beryl Knight (89), Lyn. ley McClean (89).

UNIVERSITYOFWA.

Theory offtdc :

GRADE' III.-Credit: Patricia Mc Cabe, Margaret Kelly.

GRADE IV.-Honours: Patricia O'Grady, Margaret O'Brien. Credit: Anne Hassell,Natalie Harvey.

GRADE V.-Honours: Margaret Goreke, Donna Brennan, 'Roma Ford. Credit: Elaine Saunders.

GRADE VI.-Honours: Edna Pat. man, Ethel Adams.

UNIVERSITY OF WA, PRAL'fWAL.

Pianoforte:

GRADE I;

-Honours: Patricia Ma, Cabe (92), Margaret Kelly (87).

-' GRADE II -•Honours: Eileen O'Brien,Elaine Saunders,Anne Has. sell. Credit: Mena Scott, Artemis Joannides, Cynthia Harvey.

GRADE IIL-Honours: Margaret O'Brien,Margaret Goerke. Credit' Patricia O'Grady, Valmai. Smedley Judy Bickford,Josephine Felton.

Violin:

GRADE III.-Credit: Patrick Harvey. Pass:RitaMurphy.

Perception:

GRADE III-Honours: Peggy Williamson. Credit: Theresa Murphy, Eileen O'Brien.

Piaao9orfa: GRADE IV.-4Credit: Donna Brennan, Peggy Williamson, Marjorie Waltham,Valda Belcher,Natalie Harvey, Isobel Fraser. Pass:Dorothy Bowden.

-violin:

GRADE IV,--Credit: Mena Scott. Pass:Patricia Williamson.

Perception: "

GRADE IV.-Honours Elaine Saunders. Credit:Rita Murphy. Pass: Artemis Joannides.

Pianoforte:

GRADE V.-Credit: Edna Patman, Maureen Byrne, Janet Inglis,Ursula Ensor. Pass: Patricia McCusker, Marie Collins, Roma Ford.

GRADE VI.-Honours: Truda Hunt, ,

Margaret Priestley, Elaine Priestley, June Neil. Credit: Lynley Mc. Lean, Barbara Loveless, Joan Massey, Betty Flemming, Dallas Walsh Pass: Patricia Bogue, Janet Perrin, Beryl Knight, Anne Macdougall.

Violin:

GRADE VI.-Credit: Ronald Cullen.

Pianoforte:PREPARATORY-Pass: Jane Ablett Regina Hill, Theresa Millikan, Beryi Wright, Helen Thomas, Judith Ilamilton.

Busselton

ESAIMIffNiATION RESULTS, 1914. LEAVING CERTIFICATE.

November, 194E

PATRICIA FRENCH; 5subjects and 1Junior subject. -

JUNIOR CERTIFICATE.

KEIRAN McCANN: 7subjects.

TREVOR WHITFORD: 7subjects.

ADRIAN NORRIS: 7subjects, AMELIA CLARK: 51 subjects.

JEAN SANDS: Half subject. (All pupils presented were successful.)

UNIVERSITY OF WA.

Pianoforte:

GRADE III.-Credit: Jill Franey, 79: Patricia French, 77; Nannette Pickersgill, 75. GRADE IV.-Honours: Barbara Lavater, 85.

Examination

GRADE V.-Honours: Margaret Cole, 85: Keiran McCann, 85; Lloyd Noc• kels, 85. Credit: Derry Eggleston, 82; DaphneHernaman,81.

Wolia-Pass: Lexie Arbuthnott, 73.

GRADE VI.-Honours: Betty Crass, 86. Credit: Barbara Ratherham, 79; Hilary Nichols, 78; Car 1Colgan, 76. Pass: Dorothy Bove, 57.

PREPARATORY-Credit: Nan Searle, 83; Margaret Boyd, 82; Bonnie Sharer, 79.

Musical Perception:

GRADE II.-Credit: Patricia French, $ 1.

GRADE IV;-Honours: Barbara Lava. ter, 96; Dallas Storrie, 95;- Jill Franey 93; Nannette Pickersgill, 85; MargaretCoole, 83. Credit: Lexie Arbuthnott,78; Daphne Hernaman, 76.

Tbeoretleau

GRADE V.-Honours:Barbara Lava. ter, 92:Jill Franey,91: Margaret Coole, 88. GRADE VI.-Honours: Bonnie Shaw, 95; Betty Cross,93.

-TRINITY COLLEGE-Nov;, 19U.

Theoretical: SENIOR-Honours: Audrey Christian, 91, INTERMEDIATE-Honours: Dallas Storrie,95.

ADVANCED JUNIOR - Honours Mary Symington,88. Pass: Nannette Picgersgill, 71: Muriel Peaker, 65. JUNIOR-Honours: Daphne Herna• man, 98; Tessie Nockels 96. PREPARATORY-Pass: Lillian Blain, 68.

Results

RZ11UJML

NEWTON SUNIN.M COLLEGE.

Bookkeeping: Honours: Dallas Storrie, Jenny O'Kane,Kathleen Sadler,Daphne Hernaman,AnitaCredara.

Shorthand: JUNIOR-Honours: jenny O'Kane, Anita Credara. Merit:Dallas Storrie.

Type-Itinc: JUNIOR-Honours: Anita Credara, Dallas Storrie, Jenny O'Kane, Daphne Hernaman,Kathleen Sadler.

Trayning

R2UU [NATI'ON RESULTS, IWL

I"VINRih OERTiF=TL

RITA FUCHSBICHLER: 7subjects, 3distinctions.

JUNIOR OERT!?If1ATL

ELOISE HEWTON: 7subjects. KATHLEEN DAY: 4subjects. MURIEL TRAVERS (additional). 1' subject.

MUSICAL PERCEPTION.

GRADE III.-Honours: R. Fuchs.. bichler M. Fowler, GRADE 'IV -Honours: R. Riches, P, O'Meara.

PIANOFORTE.

GRADE IV.--Credit: R. Riches.

GRADE V.-Credit: P. O'Meara, C. O'Meara, JWise. Pass: K.O'Meara, B. Byrne, M. Martin, B.O'Meara, GRADE VI.-Credit: B. Hammond, W. Appleyard, M. Harder, M. dlasson.

PREPARATORY: V. Gent.,

•IIIIII•I•IIIIIIIIIIII

CENTRALCATHOLIC LIBRARY- 36PIER STREET,PERTH

By "LAURI."

"My never-failing friends are they With whom Iconverse day by day." -Southey.

We strongly recommend:

"EACH NEW DAWN." By Burton Graham. 3/6.

"NONE SHALL SURVIVE"-the story of Damien Parer, also written by Burton Graham. 3/6.

"AN APPLE FOR THE SERGEANT." By Anthony Cotterill.

"ONWARD AUSTRALIA." Ion I. Idress.

"DARK NIGHTS." By Thomas Burke. 8/9.

"THE FOREST AND THE FORT," Hervey Allen. 13/3.

"BONIN." Robt. Standish. 11/6.

"A MEDAL FOR THE GENERAL." By James Ronad. 8/9.

"VALERIE FRENCH." By Dornford Yates. 8/3.

"SILVERTIPS STRIKE." By Max Brand, 8/9.

"THE MASK OF DIMITRIOS." By Eric Ambler. 6/9.

'PARIS UNDERGROUND." Etta Shiber. 12/9.

'THE ISLAND" By Francis Brett Young.

.Being just afew of the-new books which came to hand this week. In theSCHOOLSECTIONare invite attention toTHE MARIAN PREPARATORY READER. EXERCISES IN ARITHMETIC (G. E. Orr). SWAN GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY.

PROGRESSIVE PHONIC PRIMER. SENTENOE STRUCTURE. BLACK BEAUTY.

KIM, THE GLOBE STAMP ALBUM (2,500 stamps). 1/9.

THE TEACHING OF READING TO INFANTS.

FIVE-DIINUTE TALES. By Enid Blyton. AMELIERANNE BOOKS. Etc., etc.

A handsome donation of books for the Junior Library came in this week from agrateful mother, who has the interest of the children at heart. So, children, just ask the Librarian for some of these bright new dories next time you change your books.

We have afine stock of Pocket Edition classics and otherbooks. If you •cannot see them on display, ask for -them.

KNOWYOUR FAITH SERIES

(Continued from Page 5.)

e difficulty with the simplicityofachild to my confessor,so that he may help mein the matter. If this be done, it will be seldom indeed that any soul will have to retire unabsolved. But y where mortal sin ii in question, such callousness will generally yield to a really honest effort at preparation. For, grace to repent of mortal sin is necessary for salvation, and God is pledged to give me whatever I need for that end. "God wills all men -

to be saved;"and His will supplies the means. Calvary, Holy Mass, and all Seven Sacraments leave no doubt about that. If Iask from my, heart, Ishall receive.

In the lightof these truths,it is not rash to say that if, at my preparation and after asking God'shelp, I have honestly tried to be contrite and resolved,Ineed not plague myself afterwards with the misgiving,"Perhaps I had not sufficient contrition and absolution was vain)" In these circumstances of good-will on my part, it is not the presence of enough contrition that Ihave to prove. That may be presumed,with all confidence in Gad. It is its absence that needs proving.

Ter tiaries of St..Francis Deport Year. of Progress .

dvnM," RZPPORT, 1944.

The first meeting of the year was heldon January 2, 1944,underthe Pre. fecture of Bro. Pius (Mulligan), with the following Council in office: Bros. Jude (Colbert), Bonaventure (Dockerty), Leo (Arnold),: Sisters Bridget (Brown), Elizabeth (Purse), Anthony (McDonnell), Angela (Carmody), and Clare McCarthy).

During the twelve months we have been blessed with the continued spp.r. itual direction of Rev,Father Mo• Bride,who has at alltimesendeavoured to foster a true Franciscan spirit amongst theTertiaries. Itwas, therefore, very edifying to theTertiaries to have the privilege of seeing Father McBride professed as amember of the Third Order of St.Francis at the No. vember meeting.

The average attendances were very good. '

Professions:

Elevenmembers wereprofessed: Rev, Father .McBride, Bro.O'Sullivan, Sisters Barry, Clydesdale,Caldwell, HamYoung ilton, Duffy, Mulligan, McCann, and Woods.

Receptions:

Seven were received:Sisters Fogarty, Jones, O'Keeffe, Park, Ramsay, Stevens, Bro. Engelbrecht.

Deaths:

Five tertiaries have gone to their eternal reward:Bros.Devine,Angus, Sisters Snodgrass, Dowdy and Walsh, senr.

Guilds:

At the suggestion of FatherMcBride, ~

avote was taken on the introduction of the guild system, and it was agreed that this would be amore satisfactory way of keeping acheck on members. The guilds are to be divided into the various districts, under the patronage of aFranciscan Saint,with aprefect and sub-prefect in charge of each guid. It will be the'duty of these officers to visit any member absent from the meeting during the month. -,Thus we will be able to keep in touch with our sick tertiaries.

Retreat:

The Feast of St. Francis was commemorated by atridium, held on Sep. tember 28, 29, and 30, conducted by Rev, Father Timbs, C.SS.R., conclud. ing with Holy Mass in the Cathedral on Sunday, October 1, at 10 a.m., celebrated by Rev. $ather McBride. Dur• ing the Mass Father McBride addressed some inspiring words to the ter. tiaries on perosnal roliness and the Franciscan way of life.

Visiting the sick and correspondence with isolated tertiaries have been the self-imposed tasks of many of y

the members.

ThePrayers of the tertiaries are constantly in demand. This is a good sign, as it shows that the Third Order., is recognised as apower house of prayer.

Library:

Onder the vigilantcareofSr. McDon• nell, our libraryiskeptwellup to date with the latestgood books,and is well patronised by members.

The Knitting and Sewing Cirele, under the direction of Sr. Hardy, has worked all the year and completed many parcels of knitted articles and sewn garments for the boys at Castledare.

Literature: has been supplied to Nazareth (louse,Geraldton, and a "Hush hush" camp.

OmmeO Keetings:

Six meetings were held during the year. Owing to the amount of business to be discussed with the devis. ing of the roll and the introduction of the guild system,it has been neces. sary to hold ameeting each month.

Bursary:

It was decided at the June Council meeting that J30 per year be paid towards the upkeep of astudent at St, Charles Seminary,Guildford. His Grace the Archbishop has expressed his appreciation of our action in thi4 regard.

9oelalflub:

During the year the club under the •presidency of Sr.AngelaCarmody, was Flue P1pe for Stoves Bath Rooters stocks of Paints, Varabb, Calcomine. Hasson'sStone,Perth,.. BOW.

StrikingDiversity'dActivities

responsible for agreat deal of social activity among ,tertiaries. Lunches were served every Thursday to members,and their friends, and on most occasionsan interesting talk wasgiven by aguest speaker. The following speakers were guests at the club during this year:Mrs. Robinson (who gave atravel.talk on New Zealand) Mrs. Jack (representing the VA-D.); Mrs. Chen& Mo Tay (aChineserefugee lady); Mrs. Cardell0liver,_M.LA, (gave atalk on Family Life and non. Religious Conditions in Russia); Miss Justice(Legion of Mary, Melbourne); Miss Griffiths (Social Service Department); Miss Xath.Frawley (Catholic Girls' (Movement): Mrs. Major .Forbes (Salvation Army); Dr. Vera Summers, B.A. (atalk on Paris); Mrs: Keenan (Catholic Women's League).

The following tertiaries gave talks: Sr. Elizabeth Furse. Sr. Bridget Brown, Sr. Anthony McDonnell, and Bro, En. gelbrecht. The latter gave an interesting series of talks on "Women and their Problems."

The guest speakers were entertained at amusicale, to which members of ether denominations were invited, and appreciation was expressed by the tertiaries for their igstructive talks during the year.

The Club also has the advantage of being affiliated-

with the National Council of Women,and through the medium of our representations on this body the Catholic teaching on social principles is brought to the notice of the Council. The ideals of the T.O.S.F.have thus become known to others, and in somecases new mem. bers for the Order have been gained. The committee are to be congratulat. ed on what they have done towards spreading the Franciscan spirit among women of other denominations. The catering section of the Club,under the supervision of Sr. Green,has catered for twoweddings during theyear, thus adding to thefinances oftheclub.

Cutledare,which is our special char. ity, has been well attended to during theyear. The Brothers arewell aware of the interest of our members, and so always&ppealto theThirdOrder when in need of helpers for street appeals, etc, At the annual Field Day, the Franciscan Stall, conducted by Sister Bogue, raised the outstanding amount of £292. It is only fitting to mention that the boys lost one of their most tireless workers in the death of Sf. Veronica Walsh (R.I.P.), which occur• red during the year. Sr. Walsh, until prevented by ill-health,took an active part in the sewing circle and the stall at the annual Field Day.

Bahamas:

For some years now it has been the practice of tertiaries to give donations to Sr. Anastaria Arnold for despatch to Brother Monsignor Hawes (formerly attached to the Geraldton Diocese), to help him with the mission he is trying to establish on Cat Island. During the year Sr. Arnold received word that Father intended to buildasmall chapel abouteight-miles from his principal mission,to enable the people there--about 800—to foregather morning and evening on Sunday for Rosary,hymns.Stations. etc.. conducted by a catechist. Father said he would like to dedicate this chapel under name and patronage of our HolyFather,St Francis,andplace atableton the wall to the effect"that thischurch of St.Francisof Assisiwas erected by the donations of Francis, can Tertiaries of Perth, Western Aus. tralia:' The cost of the church to be shoat £60. In answer to this. many tertiaries have given donations large and small,and so far 1A0 has been re.

ceivedby Brother Jerome, of theThird Order,to help in this grand work for soulsin faraway Bahamas:In return s Father has promised that the intentions ofallthePerth Tertiar'feswill be remembered in daily Mass offered in his lonely Hermitage on Cat Island, Bahamas.

EILEEN McCARTHY, T.O.SX., Secretary.

On Wednesday, January 81, the members of the Council of the Third Order of St. Francis met at the Fran. ciscanClub. In the enforced absence of both Director and Prefect,the No. vice Mistress was asked to take the chair and business was carried on as usual,most of the promoters being present and stating their reports.

The first Sunday meeting was held on February 4, when Very Rev. Dr. Goody, Superior of St, Charles' Seminary, represented.Father McBride and gave an earnest talk to the large number of Tertiaries present on Penance,especially with references to the approaching season of Lent. He also gave out the names of the following to be professedonMarch 6:

For Profession:Mrs. Jones (Sister Terese): Mrs. O'Keefe (Sister Paul.

ine); Mrs. Stephens (Sister Cathen tae). •.

For Reception: Mrs. Campion (Sister Elizabeth); Mrs. Hassell (Sister John Vianney); Mrs. Marrett (Sister Campion).

Then followed Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.

During the business talk later, Bro. Prefect askedforreportsfromthe treasurer and from the,President of the Franciscan Club. who sold that tM Thursday luncheons would begin again on March 1,preceded on February 22 by an evening tea to enable new members to know older ones, and in hopes thatthosewhocannotbefree at lunch hours would come along in the evening.

TheSecretaryhadsentacopybCthe year'sactivities to HisGrace,who had°' replied,through Father Rafferty, tb* he was very pleased with the workk atthe Fraternity.

Memberswereintroducedtothq ous Guilds, which are now func6 well.

Prayers were asked for several Sick members. Spiritualofferings werecollectedforthe Shrine,andSisterArnold was asked to arrange perpetual rosary„ to be said, if possible,from 6a.m, to 6p.m., for that object.

Deus Meus et Omnia.'

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It was so hot that Icould feel my hair wet on my forehdad,and little -rivuletwof sweat trickled down inside my -

ridingboots. Iturned in the saddle for amomerlt to gaze at the far horizon,and the paddocks danced and shimmeredintheheat haze. Awayto the west the brittle transparency of a mriage flickered an instant and then melted into the fathomlessblue of the unsympathetic sky. Tommy's sides i were heaving and shiny with sweat, and hisbreath came in snorting gasps. HedroppedintoawalkasIturnedhis head towards the hill,-and picked his way between the scattered patches of rock with adaintiness which even his extreme fatigue could not disguise. I sat still in my seat, and reflected on the enticing vision of awhite beach with breakers beating out atattoo of welcome on the sand. Suddenly my reverie was broken by adaint sound from the brow of the hill. The exhausted bleating of adistressed sheep sounded from arocky outcrop ahead of me. Ipulled gently at Tommy's head and he stopped obediently, his fine ears pricked as if to listen. There was no,sound on thetstill air but the murmur of the crickets in the dried grass. For aminute we waited motionless then I heard the sobbing gasp again, so Islid from the saddle and dropped the reins to the ground. Tommy stood patiently while Iwalked to the heaped boulders ahead, my boots sending alittle cascade of pebbles over the rocky ground with every step Itook. The sheep was caught by aforeleg in athree-inch crevice be. tnveentworocks, andexposedasitwas to the burning sun, it musthave been in an extremity of suffering. Iknelt down and gently pulled it free, and was relieved to find that the leg was not broken. The sheep stood weakly, and then,finding itself unhurt,it turned and trotted off with aclatter of stones. Isaw it go offdown the paddock towards the soak and its companions, and then Iturned back towards Tommy.

Idon'tknow whether the sun bad made me alittle dizzy,or whether I just wasn'tlooking where Iwas going, but Itook astep sideways and felt myself lurch over. Ihad a second's vision ofadeep trench before me, and

f

by MARIE HEALY.

then, with astartled shout and awild grasp at nothing,Islithered into it. Well it was only about eight feet deep, and Icertainly wasn't hurt by the fall, but the unexpectedness of the happening took my breath away. I just sat on the rough floor of the trench and made several appropriate remarks. Then, picking myself up and brushing the rubble away from my clothes, Ilevered myself out of the hole and took stock of it from above. It was only about six feet in length and notfour in width. There was arough mound of red earth and rocks to oneside ofit, and it was this that Ihad fallen over. It had apparently been emptied there out of the pit, but time and the weather had worn it down,sothatit was unnoticeable until you saw the pit and realised that it had come from there. I couldn'tthinkofapossible solutionas to why ahole should have been dug there, and Iwas vaguely puzzled as I remounted and rode on towards the house.

Imentioned it to Jim after tea, as we sat on the edge of the verandah and smoked ourpipes in the darkness.

"Huh," he remarked noncommitally, "I thoughtI'd filled'em all in. Must 'a missed thatone."

There was amoment'ssilence while I waited for him to continue. He sucked his pipe reflectively and then he said:

"My brotherOliverdid thatl"

"Oh," Isaid politely,"Ididn't know you hadany brothers, Jim."

"Yeah," rejoined Jim, "that was OliverI It must be every bit of seventeen years now since he went away."

Iscented a story, but discretion bade mefillmypipeand wait.

"There were only the two of us, Ted," Jim went on, "and Oliver was about fifteen years older than Iwas. He wasalwaysarguingwith myfather. Even as akid of six or seven, Ican remember the terrific rows they bad. Notthattherewasanythingbadabout Oliver, mind you. He wan just abit eccentricl He'd studied a lot of books on geology,and had some queer ideas about there being workable ores on this land:' Ibegan toseethereason for thepits.

Jim paused awhile to stare at the heavens, where ashooting star had flickered for asecond in the velvety blackness. Then he drew in his breath and took up the story again.

"Oliver used to reckon he'd find good speciments if he dug up enough of the place. Said there was evidence of opal on the property. He used'to talk for hours about it, but nobody understood him, and after atime they gave up listening to him. Ican remembertheoldmanhumouredhimfor 'a while, till the day he fell down one of

Oliver's "mines" himself. It was winter time,too, and the pit had at leastafoot ofmudinit." Jimchuck• led suddenly as if he saw again his irate parent staggering home covered from head to foot in thick red mud.

"Then a couple of sheep were lost andwe found them, acoupletof weeks too late,down the mines. That was too much for Dad. He talked for an hour about "valuable stock," and endedup by saying he'dhaveno more of such tomfoolery. He hinted that if Oliver everdug anotherpit on his pro. perty he'd be using it permanently himself. Oliver wentdeadwhite and his eyes smouldered. He didn't say aword,but turned and stalked out of the house as if he never meant to return.

"They sent me away to school not longafterthat,andwhenIcamehome fortheholidays, Oliverhadgone. They didn't tell me rwhat had happened, but Iknew Oliver must have gone on with his "experiments"until he'd bad afinal bust-up with Dad and had either been thrown out,or gone of It. own accord. Knowing Oliver,Ithink it was the latter. Dad told me I could forget that he had ever existed. "His name is not to be mentioned again in this house," he said grandly. And, Ted, do you knorw,Idon'tthink it was until the day that Dad died"

Jim's voice had dropped to almost awhisper,and I guessed that his thoughts were loitering the past.

There was along silence,and Iwas beginning to think.be had forgotten my presence,when he spoke again:

"The night Dad died he told me to look after the place for Oliver. I expect Ithought it abitrough that I should have to run the farm,and then I hand it over to abrother had prac. tically forgotten,but then. none of us really expected to see Oliver again. Wehaven'teither, andit'ssolock now since he'sbeen gone,that Idoubt if we ever will. It's ratherstrange, isn't it, when you come to thingofit."

Iagreedthatitwas, andtogetherwe looked Atthe stars and thought our private thoughts about the errant Oli. ver.

Jim and Iwere mustering acouple of days; later,when,we found ourselves in the same paddock where I'd had my misadventure. Jim was riding in front of me but Igalloped abreast of him. and pointed towards the hill where I' d (found the sheep.

"The pit'sup there,Jim;'I shouted.

He turned in his saddle so that his voice would carry to me.

"It wouldn'tbe abad idea.Ted, if we were to bring acouple of spades and fill it in. Where abouts did you say it was?"

1.

just across the hill,Ithink;" Ianswered,tightening the rein till Tommy dropped into acanter. "Let's stop now, and IT show it to,you."

We dismounted near the rocks and Ilooked aroundforthe trench. Iwas sure Iwas searching in the identical place I'd been before,but Icouldn't findatrace of eithertrench or mound.

"It was just here." I said in a puzzled voice to Jim,and verified my statement by promptly stepping backwards, and into itl Ilooked up at Jim's laughing face framed against the sky, and picked myself up disgustedly.

"It certainly does need filling in," chuckled Jim. "Have you got many sheep'sskeletons down there for company

?„ •

"Huh, there'snothing down here except dirt and rocks," Ireplied."Wait aminute. thoughI"formyeye baddis. cerned an unusual outline in the darkness. Ibent over it, and saw it was apick-handle,half buried under apile

of rubble. l

italoft. "How about this,Jim, any good to You?" Isaid with agrin,as Ibran. dished it under his nose. He jerked his head back asif hesuspected me of homicidal intentions, and then entered into the spirit of the thing.• Ile considered therustybladewiththeeye of one who knows all there is'to be known about picks. He considered, deeply whether it couldbe of any use to him,and then decided reluctantly thatit couldn't.

Having dismissed the pick from his mind,he turned his attention to me again.

"Here," he said,"give'syour hand, and I'llheave youout. Then we'll go and getacouple ofspades."

But Iwaved his hand airily aside, andturned back to thepick. Idon't see," Isaid,picking it up and aiming it tentatively at the opposite wall of the trench, "how your brother ever managed to use this thing in such a small space. It's awonder he didn't take his head off with it." To illus. trate my words Imade another swipe at the rocky wall. My blow brought alargeareaofthewalltumblingdown, covering my feet with rubble, and fill. ingmyeyeswithdust. Iinstinctively put my hands to my face, and stag. gered back. Then, suddenly,my eyes widened. Before me,straight across a(fresh patch of clayey rock, ran a dirty whitish vein. There was a scratch across it where the pick point had struck,%nd it,was creamy colour. ed and sparkling with a thousand points of blue fire. Istared in be. i wilderment. "Jim." Icroaked, "Jim, it's opall"

Iseized him frenziedly by the shoul. ders and dragged him headlong into the hole.

"Opal, Jim It's really opal!" I shouted to him, "Oliver was right after all."

He gazed at it in awe. There was nomistaking it. It wasoneofthefinest ores I'd seen,and Iused to think Iknew agood bit aboutsuch things. Or

Well, rove had an expert down to have alook at it, and his report exceeded our wildest dreams. His corn. pany made Jim an offer for the property, and he produced various documents to be signed,to the effect that Jim could collect asubstantial amount from them annually. There was a lot of business to attend to, but it (worked out that Jim and his beire would beenormously rich.

That night Jim talked it over with me again. That was one thing about him. He wasn't only my boss, he was my friend. He used to discuss most of his problems with me, even though Iwas much younger than he.

"Ted."hesaid,"whatoughtItodot Even though this land's in my name. It really belongs to Oliver."

Ilooked at him in amazement. There was something big In aman who could preserve his runaway brother's memory from childhood, and then consider him before he took the step that would make him afabulously richman,especially sincethere was little likelihood of his brother ever returning. But Jim was like that.

Ipulled it free, and held r

Ilooked into thedarknessfor aminute and whistled between my teeth.

"Irou go ahead, Jim " Isaid suddenly, "Oliver won't come back."

He didn't see what Imeant, for be wenton digging holes in thepathwith his heel.

"But Ican'tsell it,Ted, twith a clear conscience. Iknow it'll have to be sold now,but Ireckon IT just buy another small farm,and hold the, money in trust. Tbat'dbe the best thing to do."

Istood up and stretched myself. '

"Jim," Isaid,"mvfather'sname waOliver. He was killed three years ago in amine accident on the Kimberley. Iguess it's O.K. now for you to go ahead, isn't it? The place is right]v yoursl"

Jsearched his face in the darkness. but it gave me no clue to his emotions.

We looked at each otherslowly,and then p

hand grasped mine.

"Oursl" he said quietly,and !tuned again to the stars. . -

;•j" Special to "The Record,"

4It was so hot that Icould feel my {`hair wet on my forehead, and little +rivulets of sweat trickled down inside my'riding boots. Iturned in the saddle for amomedt to gaze at the far horizon,and the paddocks danced and shimmeredin theheathaze. Away to the west the brittle transparency of a mirage flickered an instant and then melted into the fathomless blue of the unsympathetic sky. Tommy's sides were heaving and shiny with sweat, and his breath camein snorting gasps. HedroppedintoawalkasIturnedhis head towards the hill,-and picked his way between the scattered patches of rock with adaintiness which even his extreme fatigue could not disguise. I sat still in my seat, and reflected on the enticing vision of awhite beach with breakers beating out atattoo of welcome on the sand. Suddenly my reverie was broken by adadnt sound from the brow of the hill. The exhausted bleating of adistressed sheep sounded from arocky outcrop ahead of me. Ipulled gently at Tommy's head and he stopped obediently, his fine ears pricked as if to listen. There was no,sound on the still air but the murmur of the crickets in the dried grass. For aminute we waited motionless, then I heard the sobbing gasp again, so Islid from the saddle and dropped the reins to the ground. Tommy stood patiently while Iwalked to the heaped boulders ahead. my boots sending alittle cascade of pebbles over the rockyground with every step Itook. The sheep was caught by aforeleg in athree-inch crevice be. trweentwo rocks,andexposed as itwas to the burning sun, it must have been in an extremity of suffering. Iknelt down and gently pulled it free, and was relieved to find that the leg was not broken. The sheep stood weakly, and then,finding itself unhurt,it turned and trotted off with aclatter of stones. Isaw itgooffdown the paddock towards the soak and its companions, and then Iturned back towards Tommy.

Idon'tknow whether the sun had made me alittle dizzy,or whether I just wasn'tlooking where Iwas going, but Itook astep sideways and felt myself lurch over. Ihad a second's vision of adeeptrench before me, and

by MARIE HEALY.

then, with astartled shout and awild grasp at nothing,Islithered into it. Well it was only about eight feet deep, and Icertainly wasn't hurt by the fall, but the unexpectedness of the happening took my breath away. I just sat on the rough floor od the trench and made several appropriate remarks. Then, picking myself up and brushing the rubble away from my clothes,Ilevered myself out of the hole and took stock of it from above. It was only about six feet in length and not four in width. There was arough mound of red earth and rocks to one side of it, and it was this that Ihad fallen over. It had apparently been emptied there out of the pit, but time and the weather had worn it down,so thatit was unnoticeable until you saw the pit and realised that it had come from there. I couldn't think of apossible solution as to why ahole should have been dug there, and Iwas vaguely puzzled as I remounted and rode on towards the house.

Imentioned it to Jim after tea, as we sat on the edge of the verandah and smoked our pipes in the darkness.

"Huh." he remarked noncommitally, "I thought I'd filled'em all in. ,

Must 'a missed thatone."

There was amoment'ssilence while Iwaited for him to continue. Ile sucked his pipe reflectively and then he said:

"My brother Oliverdid that!"

"Oh," Isaid politely,"Ididn't know you had any brothers,Jim."

"Yeah," rejoined Jim, "that was Oliver It must be every bit of seventeen years now since he went away."

Iscented a story,but discretion bademe fill mypipeandwait.

"There were only the two of us, Ted," Jim went on, "and Oliver was about fifteen years older than Iwas. Hewasalwaysarguingwith myfather. Even as akid of six or seven, Ican remember the terrific rows they had. Notthat therewasanythingbad about Oliver,mind you. He was just abit eccentricI He'd studied a lot of bookson geology, and had some queer ideas about there being workable ores on this land:' Ibegan to seethereasonfor thepits.

Stott-Trained Students Satisfy—

Forty-TwoYearsofSucceis-

STOTT'S STOTT'S

ortune ;Cies Under .-

Jim paused awhile to stare at the heavens, where ashooting star had dickered for asecond in the velvety blackness. Then he drew in his breath and took up the story again.

"Oliver used to reckon he'd find good speciments if he dug up enough of the place. Said therewas evidence of opal on the property. He used to talk for hours about it, but nobody understood him, and after atime they gave up listening to him. Ican remembertheoldmanhumouredhim for awhile, till the day he fell down one of Oliver's "mines" himself, It was winter time,too, and the pit had at leastafoot of mudinit." Jimchuckled suddenly as if he saw again his irate parent staggering home covered from head to foot in thick red mud.

"Then acouple of sheep were lost andwefound them, acouple+of weeks too late, down the mines. That was too much for Dad. He talked for an hour about "valuable stock," and ended up by saying he'd haveno more of such tomfoolery. Ile hinted that if Oliverever -

dug another piton his property he'd be using it permanently himself. Oliver went deadwhite and his eyes smouldered. He didn't say aword, but turned and stalked out of the housk

eas if he never meant to return.

"They sent me away to school not longafterthat, and whenIcamehome fortheholidays, Oliver hadgone.They didn't tell me what had happened, but Iknew Oliver must have gone on with his"experiments" until he'd had afinal bust-up with Dad, and had either been thrown out, or gone o£ his own accord. Knowing Oliver, Ithink it was the latter. Dad told me I could forget that he had ever existed. "His name is not to be mentioned again in this house," he said grandly. And, Ted, do you know, Idon't think it was until the day that Dad died."

Jim's voice had dropped to almost awhisper, and I guessed that his thoughts were loitering the past.

There was along silence,and Iwas beginning to think he had forgotten my presence,when he spoke again:

"The night Dad died be told me to look after the place for Oliver. I expect Ithought it abit rough that I shouldhave to run the farm,and then hand it over to abrother Ihad practically forgotten,but then. none of us really expected to see Oliver again. Wehaven'teither, andit'ssolot now since he's been gone, that Idoubt if we everwill. It's ratherstrange, isn't it, whenyou come to thingofit" Iagreedthat it was, andtogether we looked At

the stars and thought our private thoughts about the errant Oliver.

Jim and Iwere mustering acouple ofdays later,when we found ourselves in the same paddock where I'd had my misadventure. Jim was riding in front of me but Igalloped abreast of him. and pointed towards the hill where I'd,found the sheep.

"The pit'sup there,Jim,"I shouted.

He turned in his saddle so that his voice would carry to me.

"It wouldn'tbe abad idea. Ted, if we were to bring acouple of spades and fill it in. Where abouts did you say it was?"

"Just across the hill,Ithink," Ianswered, tightening the rein till Tommy dropped into acanter. "Let's stop now. and I' ll show it to you."

We dismounted near the rocks and Ilooked around for the trench. Iwas sure Iwas searching in the identical place I'dbeen before,but Icouldn't findatrace of either trench or mound.

"It was just here," I said in a puzzled voice to Jim, and verified my statement by promptly stepping backwards, and into it Ilooked up at Jim's laughing face framed against the sky, and picked myself up disgustedly.

"It certainly does need filling in," chuckled Jim. "Have you got many sheep's skeletons down there for company?" 0

"Huh, there's nothing down here except dirt and rocks," Ireplied."Wait aminute.thoughI"(ormyeye haddiscerned an unusual outline in the darkness. Ibent over it, and saw it was apick-handle, half buried under apile

of rubble. Ipulled it free, and held italoft.

"flow about this,Jim, any good to you?" Isaid with agrin, as Ibran. dished it under his nose. He jerked his head backas if he suspected me of homicidal intentions,and then entered into the spirit of the thing.• He considered therusty bladewiththeeye of one who knows all there is• to be known about picks. He considered.-deeply whether it could be of any use to him,and then decided reluctantly that it couldn't.

Having dismissed the pick from his mind, he turned his attention to me again.

"Here," he said "give's your hand, and I'llheave you out. Then we'll go and getacouple ofspades."

But Iwaved his hand airily aside, and turnedback to the pick. "Idon't see," Isaid picking it up and aiming it tentatively at the opposite wall of the trench,how your brother ever managed to use this thing in such a small space. It's awonder he didn't take his head off with it" To illus. trate my words Imade another swipe at the rocky wall. My blow brought alargeareaof thewall tumblingdown, covering my feet with rubble,and fill. ingmyeyeswithdust. Iinstinctively put my hands to my face,and stag. gered back. Then,suddenly, my eyes widened. Before me, straight across a(fresh patch of clayey rock, ran a dirty whitish vein. There was a scratch across it where the pick point had struck,4nd it.was creamy colour. ed !

and sparkling with a thousand points of blue fire. Istared in bewilderment. "Jim," Icroaked, "Jim, it's opall"

Iseized him frenziedly by the shoulders and dragged him headlong into the hole.

"Opal,

Jim It's really opall" I shouted to him, "Oliver was right after all."

He gazed at it in awe. There was' nomistakingit. It wasone ofthefin. est ores I'd seen, and Iused to think Iknew agood bit aboutsuch things.

Well, we had an expert down to have alook at it, and his report exceeded our wildest dreams. His com. pany made Jim an offer for the property, and he produced various documents to be signed, to the effect that Jim could collect asubstantial amount from them annually. There was a lot of business to attend to, but it worked out that Jim and his heirs • would beenormously rich.

That night Jim talked it over with me again. That was one thing about him. He wasn't only my boss, he was my friend. He used to discuss most of his problems with me, even though Iwas much younger than he.

"Ted,"hesaid,"whatought Itodo? Even though this land's in my name. it really belongs to Oliver."

Ilooked at him in amazement. There was something big in aman who could preserve his runaway brother'smemory from childhood, and then consider him before he took the step that would make him afabulously rich man, especially since there was little likelihood of his brother ever returning. But Jim was like that.

Ilooked into thedarkness for aminute and whistled between my teeth.

"•'ou go ahead, Jim;" Isaid suddenly, "Oliver won't come back."

He didn't see what Imeant, for he wenton diggingholes in thepathwith his heel.

"But Ican't sell it, Ted, with a clear conscience. Iknow it'll have to be sold now, but Ireckon III just buy another small farm, and bold the money in trust. Tbat'dbe the best thing to do."

Istood up and stretched myself. '

"Jim," Isaid,"my father'sname wal Oliver, Ile was killed three years ago in amine accident on the Kimberley. Iguess it's O.K, now for you to go ahead, isn't it? The place is rightir yoursI"

Isearched his face in the darknesr, but it gave me no clue to his emotions. We lookedateach other slowly,and then ahand grasped mine, "Ours)" he said quietly, and turned again to the stars..

e J

cbpec•ial to "The Record"

It was so hot that Icould feel my hair wet on my forehead, and little rivulets of sweat trickled duwn inside my ridingboots. 1turned in the saddle for amoment to gaze at the fur horizon, and the paddocksdanced and shimmeredin the heat haze. Away to the west the brittle transparency of a mirage flickered an instant and then melted into the fathomlessblue of the unsympathetic sky. Tommy's sides were heaving and shiny with sweat, and his breath came in snorting gasps. liedroppedintoawalkasIturnedhis head towards the hill,-and picked his way between the scattered patches of rock with adaintiness which even his extreme fatigue could not disguise. 1 sat still in my seat, and reflected on the enticing vision of awhite beach with breakers beating out atattoo of welcome on the sand. Suddenly my reverie was broken by afaint sound from the brow of the hill. The exhausted bleating of adistressed sheep sounded from arocky outcrop ahead of me. Ipulled gently at Tommy's head and he stopped obediently, his fine ears pricked as if to listen. There was no,sound on the-still air but the murmur of the crickets in the dried grass. For aminute we waited motionless, theA I heard the sobbing gasp again, so Islid from the saddle and dropped the reins to the ground. Tommy stood patiently while Iwalked to the heaped boulders ahead. my boots sending alittle cascade of pebblesover the rocky ground with every step Itook. The sheep was caught by aforeleg in athree-inch crevice betweentworocks, andexposedasitwas tothe burning sun, it musthave been in an extremity of suffering. Iknelt down and gently pulled it free, and was relieved to find that the leg was notbroken. The sheep stood weakly, andthen,finding itself unhurt,itturned and trotted off with aclatter of stones. Isaw it gooffdownthe paddock towards the soak and its companions, and then Iturned back towards Tommy.

Idon't know whether the sun had made me alittle dizzy, or whether I just wasn'tlooking where Iwas going, but Itook astep sideways and felt myself lurch over. Ihad a second's vision ofadeeptrench before me, and

by MARIE HEALY.

then, with astartled shout and awild grasp at nothing, 1slithered into it. Well it was only about eight feet deep, and Icertainly wasn't hurt by the fall but theunexpectedness of the happening took my breath away. I just sat on the rough floor of the trench and made several appropriate remarks. Then, picking myself up and brushing the rubble away from my clothes, Ilevered myself out of the hole and took stock of it from above. It wasonly about six feet in length and not four in width. There was arough mound of red earth and rocksto onesideofit, and it was this that Ihad fallen over. It had apparently been emptied there out of the pit, but time and the weather had worn it down, so thatit wasunnoticeable until you saw the pit and realised that it had come from there. I couldn't thinkof apossible solution as to why ahole should have been dug there, and Iwas vaguely puzzled as I remounted and rode on towards the house.

Imentioned it to Jim after tea, as we sat on the edge of the verandah and smoked ourpipes in the darkness.

"Huh;" he remarked noncommitally, "I thoughtI'd filled'em all in. Must 'a missed thatone."

There was amoment's silence while Iwaited for him to continue. Ile sucked his pipe reflectively and then he said:

"My brotherOliverdid that!"

"Oh,"Isaid politely,"Ididn't know you hadany brothers,Jim."

"Yeah," rejoined Jim, "that was OliverI It must be every bit of seventeen years now since he went away:'

Iscented a story, but discretion bademefillmypipeandwait.

"There were only the two of us, Ted," Jim went on,"and Oliver was about fifteen years older than Iwas. He wasalwaysarguingwith myfather. Even as akid of six or seven, Ican remember the terrific rows they had. Notthattherewasanythingbadabout Oliver, mindyou. He was just abit eccentricl He'd studied a lot of bookson geology, and had somequeer ideas about there being workable ores on this land."

Ibeganto'seethereasonforthepits.

ortune dies under _

Jim paused awhile to stare nt the heavens, where ashooting star had flickered for asecond in the velvety blackness. Then he drew in his breath and took up the story again.

"Oliver used to reckon he'd find good speciments if he dug up enough of the place. Said there-was evidence of opal on the property, lie used to talk

for hours about it, but nobody understood him •

and after atime they gave up listening to him. Ican remembertheoldman humouredhimfor awhile, till the day he fell down one .d 0;iver's"mines" himself. It was winter time, too, and the pit had at least afootofmudinit" Jim chuckled suddenly as if he saw again his irate parent staggering home covered from head to foot in thick red mud.

"Then acouple of sheep were lost and wefound them, acouple-of weeks too late, down the mines. That was too much for Dad. Ile talked for an hour about "valuable stock," and ended up by saying he'd have no more of such tomfoolery. Ile hinted that if Olivereverduganotherpit on hisproperty he'd be using it permanently himself. Oliver went dead white, and his eyes smouldered. He didn't say aword, but turned and stalked out of the housk

eas if he never meant to return.

'They sent me away to school not longafterthat,andwhenIcamehome fortheholidays, Oliverhadgone.They didn't tell me what had happened, but Iknew Oliver must have gone on with his"experiments" until he'd had afinal bust-tip

with Dad, and had either been thrown out,or gone of his own accord. Knowing Oliver, Ithink it was the latter. Dad told me I could forget that he had ever existed. "His name is not to be mentioned again in this house," he said grandly. And, Ted, do you know, Idon't think it was until the day that Dad died."

Jim's voice had dropped to almost awhisper, and I guessed that his thoughts were loitering the past.

There was along silence, and Iwas beginning to think he had forgotten my presence, when he spoke again:

The night Dad died he told me to look after the place for Oliver. I expect Ithought it abit rough thatI shouldhavetorun the farm, andthen hand it over to abrother Ihad practically forgotten, but then. none of us really expected to see Oliver again. Wehaven'teither,andit'ssolordnow since he's been gone, that Idoubt if we everwill. It's ratherstrange,isn't it, whenyou come to thingofit."

Iagreedthatitwas,anandtogetherwe looked At the stars dthought our private thoughts about the errant Oliver.

Jim and Iwere mustering acouple of dayslater,when we found ourselves in the same paddock where I'd had my misadventure. Jim was riding in front of me, but Igalloped abreast of him. and pointed towards the hill where I'd ,

found the sheep.

"The pit's up there, Jim,"I shouted.

He turned in his saddle so that his voice would carry to me.

"It wouldn't be abad idea, Ted, if we were to bring acouple of spades and fill it in. Where abouts did you say it was?"

"Justacrossthe hill, Ithink," Ianswered, tightening the rein till Tommy dropped into acanter. "Let's stop now, and I'll show it to you."

We dismounted near the rocks, and Ilooked aroundforthe trench. Iwas sure Iwas searching in the identical place I'd been before, but Icouldn't findatraceofeithertrench or mound.

"It was just here." I said in a puzzled voice to Jim, and verified my statement by promptly stepping backwards, and into itl Ilooked up at Jim's laughing face framed against the sky, and picked myself up dis. gustedly.

It certainly does need filling in," chuckled Jim. "have you got many sheep's skeletons down there for companv?" e

of rubble. Ipulled it free, and held italoft.

"How about this, Jim, any good to you?" Isaid with agrin, as Ibrandished it under his nose. He jerked hishead back asifhe suspected me of homicidal intentions, and then entered into the spirit of the thing. He considered therusty bladewiththeeye of one who knows all there is ,

to be known about picks. He considered deeply whether it could beof any use to him, and then decided reluctantly that it couldn't.

Having dismissed the pick from his mind, he turned his attention to me again.

"Here," he said,"give's your hand, and I'llheave youout. Then we'll go and getacouple ofspades."

But Iwaved his hand airily aside, andturnedback tothepick. Idon't see," Isaid picking it up and aiming it tentatively at the opposite wall of the trench, how your brother ever managed to use this thing in such a small space. It's awonder he didn't take his head off with it" To illus. trate my words Imade another swipe at the rocky wall. My blow brought alargeareaofthewalltumblingdown. covering my feet with rubble, and fill

-r ingmyeyeswith dust. Iinstinctively put my hands to my face, and staggeredback. Then, suddenly,my eyes widened. Before me, straight across a ,

fresh patch of clayey rock, ran a dirty whitish vein. There was a scratch across it where the pick point had struck, 1

1Ind it.was creamy colour. ed and sparkling with a thousand points of blue fire. Istared in bewilderment. "Jim," Icroaked, "Jim it's opalI"'

Iseized him frenziedlybythe shoulders and dragged him headlong into the hole.

"Opal, Jim! It's really opal!" I shouted to him, "Oliver was right after all."

He gazed at it in awe. There was' nomistakingit. Itwasoneofthefinest ores I'd seen and Iused to think Iknew agood bitaboutsuch things.

Well, we had an expert down •to have alook at it, and his report exceeded our wildest dreams. His corn. parry made Jim an offer for the property, and he produced various documents to be signed, to the effect that Jimcould collect asubstantial amount from them annually. There was a lot of business to attend to, 1iut it worked out that Jim and his heirs wouldbeenormously rich.

That night Jim talked it over with me again. That was one thingabout him. He wasn't only my boss, he was my friend. He used to discuss most of his problems with me, even though Iwas much younger than he.

"Ted."hesaid,"whatoughtItodo? Even though this land's in my name. it really belongs to Oliver."

Ilooked at him in amazement. , There was something big in aman who could preserve his runaway brother's memory from childhood, and then consider him before he took the step that would make him afabulously rich man, especially sincethere was little likelihood of his brother ever returning. But Jim was like that.

Ilooked into thedarknessfor aminute and whistledbetween my teeth.

"Vou go ahead,Jim," Isaid suddenly, "Oliver won't come back."

He didn't see what Imeant, for he wenton diggingholes in thepathwith hisheel.

"But Ican't sell it, Ted. with a clear conscience. Iknow it'll have to be sold now, but Ireckon III just_ buy another small farm, and hold the money in trust. That'd be the best thing to do."

Istood up and stretched myself.

"Jim," Tsaid,"my father'sname way Oliver. He waskilled three years ago in amine accident on the Kimberley. Iguess it's O.K. now for you to go ahead, isn'tit? The place is rightl>yoursI"

Woolworth's

"Huh, there's nothing down here ex. cept dirt and rocks," Ireplied."Wait aminute.thoughI"formyeye haddiscerned an unusual outline in the dark. ness. Ibent over it, and saw it was apick.handle, halfburied under apile

Isearched his face in the darkness, but it gave me no clue to his emo tions. We looked ateach otherslowly,and then ahand grasped mine.

"Ours]" he said quietly, and turned again to the stars. . -

Perpetual Trustees' Buildings, 89 St. George's Terrace,Perth. .... B9281

Buildings, 10 Adelaide Street, Fremantle

Enumerating he subjects which will be taught at the new Henry Lawson Labour College, in Sydney, the Deputy Prime Minister (Mr. Forde) mentioned "the theory of practical socialism." This tends to resurrect recent-arguments about the meaning of socialism, nationalisation, etc. A great deal of this controversy has been pointless, and agreat many distinctions were made which had no real dif. ference. Whateverone may choose to call the thing, the trend of all the schools of Leftist philosophy is to wards asocial arrangement which in. creasingly subjugates the individual to the State. ' th In theory, the Labour de Party is dicated to eobjective of "the socialisation of industry, production, distribution and exchange," bill how far this is seriously intended and what methods are to be employed in its implementation has never authoritatively been defined.

In the midst of thisconfusing welter, the crying need of the Labour Party is not for politicians but for philoso

•y FRANCIS G ILBERT

phers. It is infinitely more impor ant at the moment to have clear the theory of socialism than to know it mechanics. Indeed, it is nonsense to talk of "practical socialism" until one can define or at least describe the theory of the thing.

When it comes to a'matter of social philosophy, the starting point must ob• viously be the nature of man. What is man like, what is his destiny, and hoer may it be achieved without viola• tion of his true interests. Any social theory which ignores the nature of man will be necessarilydoctrinaire and impracticable.

One of the primary postulates about man as apolitical being is that he is at once an individual and amember of a c

orporate unity—the State. Can we devise an order of things where he may be both? At the outset let it be confessed that the trial and error method has everywhere failed. It is dangerous irresponsibility to experiment with man to see how much State paternalism or tyranny he can stand. Likewise it is notnecessary to give the undividualistmuch rope inorder to en. sure that he wll hang himself. "Fiet experimentum in corpore viii:' ♦ In'aword, we should start from sound social principles. And the funda

mental principle relating to the duality of man's nature was most sue, cinctly and clearly enunciated by Pope Pius XI.: "It is an injustice agrave evil, and a disturbance ol right order for alarger and higher organisation to arrogate to itself functions which can be performed efficient. lyby smaller and lower bodies." This notion, somewhat grandiloquently referred to as the Principle ofSubsidiary Function, is vital to all our plans of reconstruction. And the tragedy of our condition of social organisation in Australia to-day is, firstly, that we have all too few of these intermediate 1,

odies to stand between the individual and the State, and, seconly, that they rannot be artificially created nor imDoyouwishto helpeducate spriest for work in Western Australia? Makr sregular annual contribution to help an indigent student.

posed from -

above,nor can theirgrowth bedorced to meet the tempo ofchanging social conditions.

For all that the prnciple stands, and many things are to-day being contemplated by our government which flyin the face of this cardinal axiom. It is indeeddifficult to see on what grounds government should enter directly onto such business as the furniture trade, brick-making, saw-mills, etc. A plea of urgent national necessity may justify temporarily projected housing plans, but normally these could be handled far more effectively by in. dividuals and building societies. The whole vast field of co-operation in retail and wholesale business, in the spheres of production and credit unions. is almost untouched. and together with the fosteringof small,inde. pendent ownership, may eventually settle the major issues of the pro. blem.

While this confusion prevails in the camp of the collectivists, there is consternation among the cohorts of mad individualists. The banks and the in. surance companies have suddenly conceived amost incredible passion for for poor. Any suggestion that it is one of the functions of government to control and direct national financial policy is howled down in newspaper advertisements and radio talks as an attack on the savings of the people.

It is very touching to see the greed of the lords offinance swallowed up in altruism and concern for the common good. As Bernard Shaw might say, "It is too true to be good." Yet, strangely enough, this business of the curbing of the money-grubbers is one to whichCatholic social philosophy can 'take no exception. Again, Pius XI. laid down explicit principles which cover the matter very adequately.

Pointing out the "immense power and despotic domination" wielded by the lords of finance, the Pope spoke of them as "grasping , in their hands the very soul of production, so that no one dare breathe against their will." This concentration of financial powerhasled to athree-foldstruggle— for dictatorship in the economic sphere, for mastery of the State itself, and for clashes between national interests. The Pope postulated that tree oompetition and economic domination must be kept within just and definite limits,andmust be brought under the effective control of public authority in so far as it concerned the public.wel. fare.

What is the best method of achiev. ing this effective control by pubic authority? This is amatter upon which Catholics are free to hold what. ever opinions seemed soundest. But the aim and the principle stand, and no quantity of crocodile tears from the managers, executors and officials of banks and insurance companies should be permitted to sickly o'er our native hue of resolution.

The Democracy of the Mass '

in the press, in which the author was good enough to instruct Australians how to catch up to American conditions and conceptions which "are far more advanced in thismodern world in every possible direction." After further assurances about the dizzy heights from which he and his countrymen can survey the backward portions of the earth, our correspondent goes on to assure us that our two great needs are population and water (Continued

nextcolumn.)

Now the difficulty about dealing with such an effusion is this initial as. muription of complete superiority. ":Bost Americans," we are told,"have tiavelled all over the world, are cosmopolitan,and in their vimvs take into consideratioriall phasesof life, politics, social conditions, etc., in Europe.Africa. and Asia." iThis monumentalaccumulation of knowledge and culture must necessarily be discouraged to the unfortunate debater whose habitat'and habits are of merely Osborne Park or Ilighgate Hill. It leaves one scarcely anything to cling to, unless it be an appeal to Scripture or private revelations.

If one ventures to mention agriculture the words will likely enough be frozen on one's lips by the American retort that things are arranged quite otherwise on the kraal, veldt, or the Dust Bowl. Certainly the author's views on marriage would lead one to believe that he had drawn liberally upon the ideas prevailing in the villages of Darkest Africa.

Robeson —

O'Co nnor W dJing r

On actuary 13, at Queen of Martyrs Church, Maylands, the marriage of Nurse Molly O'Connor, of the District Hospital, Brockton, and Gunner Arthur Robeson, of the military forces, was solemnised by the Rev. Father O'Dwyer. The bride is the eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. T. O'Connor, of Maylands, and the bridegroom the eldest son of 11r. and Mrs. Robe. soji, of Brockton.

The strangest part of the whole criticism is however that the writer begins by postulating population and ends with practical suggestion which would mosteffectively stifle itsgrowth. Ile would like to see early marriage, easier divorce, and an official sanction for lust.

These things may be American, they may be very modern, but they are certainly not Christian, nor will thgy help to solve the problem of the disappearing Australian. . It is part of the strange malady of the modern mind that it cherishes the superstition that the raising of moral restraints makes for liberty. Obviouslv liberty is only possiblewithin the limits of order. So it is that nothing perhaps is so re. strictive as the Decalogue which makes for the liberty of the sons of God. The American way of life regarding marriage and our bitter war-time experiences, have shown us clearly where sexual licence leads. It hasled to the most powerful bondage man will ever know, so that atime comes when spiritual freedom and reform are morally impossible. It should further be noted that marriage, m even as acontract, was notframed by some old religiousmaniac or hypocrite,but byGod Ilimself, Who said: "Whom therefore God has joined together, let no man put asunder,"

Wearing adainty model gown of ivory charmant, with smart hat and veil to match, and carrying abouquet of frangapanni and tuber-roses, the bride entered the church on the arm of her father. She was attended by his sister, Peggy (Mrs. A. Strickland), Imbo was attractively frocked in rose pink with black hat and accessories, and carried abouquet of pink tinted rasebuds and gladioli, Goner Bert Breen acted as best man. After the ceremony areception was held at the residence of the bride's parents, where Mrs. O'Connor, smartlygowned in jadegreenwith whitehat and accessories, received 50 guests. She was assisted in theduties of hostess by the groom's mother (Mrs. ThilU, who wore an ensemble of black and white. Mr. S. Horton acted as chairman. The customary toasts were honoured. The popular couple received many useful and valuable gifts. They left during the evening to spend ashort holiday at aseaside resort, after 'which the groom will retlurn to his Battery, and his wife will return to her post athospital. The bride travelled in asuit of boide-rose silk linen, with distinctive black hat and accessories.

CATHOLIC BROADOUTS.

The Catholic'Answer:

Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Stations 5PR and aTZ.

TRADITIONALIRISHSTEP DANCINQ

JUVENILE AND OPEN 10H1AMPIONSHIPS or W,A.

Juvenile Championship— Reel and Hornpipe.

Open Championship— Jig and Reel. KEOUGH'S HALL corner Newcastle and Stirling Sireets, Perth.

All invited. All invited.

THURSDAY, 8th. d1ARCH, at 8P.M.

FINALS:ST. PATRICK'S HALL

(rear St. Patrick's Church, Parry St„ FREIKANTLE.

ST. PATRICK'SNIGHT,MARCH 17, ataP.M.

Admission on St. Patrick's Night, Is. (Proceeds toCatholic Seamen's Club), Nominations definitely close with undersigned on February 28th.

JAS. DWYER, Secretary. Irish National Foresters.

Choir ofNative Boys chanting duringMidnightMass at RJLA.F. MemorialChapel in New Guinea, The Celebrant was Father Klement Vail dray, O.F.M.. Photograps from Departmentof Air.

iscrimionations

=ZRART BILETCHES.

No, 4--Mexaader Pope. Chesterton called Pope "the last great poet of Christendom." If he was notthishewascertainlythegreatest poet of the Augustan Age. He was born on May 21, 1688,and died on May 30, 1744. Today he is held in little repute,mainly because modern readersfeelthathisstyle isantiquated, hissubjectmattertrivial anddull.

The quickest way to scotch this notion that Pope is"dull"is to let the man speak for himself:

Tis best sometimes your censure to restrain,

And charitably let the dull be vain; The bookful blockhead,'ignorantly read.

With loads of learned lumber in his head,

With his own tongue still edifies his ears,.

And always listening to himself ap. pears.

-Pope could write this sort of poetry untilfurtherorders. He wasthecomplete master of the_heroic couplet which he inherited from Dryden and brought to perfection. To-day one might weary of reading through page "after page of such verse,but it is undeniable that Pope invested his own particularuse of the couplet with such extraordinary life and meaning that much of his work lives for all manner of people in all ages. There are probably more quotations from Pope in existence (in common speech) than from any other of the great authors except Shakespeare. For instance, everyone is familiar with:

A little learning is adangerous thing; Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.

Tt is apity the next couple of lines are not equally well known, for the poemgoes on:

There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain,

And drinking largely sobers us again.

The poem just quoted is the famous "Essay on Criticism," a remarkable work. with all the earmarks of matur• ity; but Pope was only twenty-one when he wrote it.

Much of Pope's unfortunate reputa. tion for dullness arises out of the fact that he wrote FOR people of his time and ABOUT-peopleof his time; comequently many of his allusions are now unintelligible to thegeneral reader.But -obscurity of this kind should not lead us into thinking that Pope was apoor dull fellow in verse. If we view the matter in its proper perspective, we shall he more inclined to wish that Pope were with its to-day, for what an acquisition he would he with hisshafts of sparkling wit, his bright compact images etched with the deftness and surety of amaster-craftsman. John. son is recorded by Boswell as saying that "athousand years may elapse before there shall appear another man with apower of versification equal to

WA

that ofPope" Byron was even more enthusiastic, "His poetry," he says, "is the book of life. Without canting and yettwithout neglecting religion, he hasassembledallthatagood andgreat man can gather together of moral Wis. dom clothed in consummate beauty."

Consider the following extract from the "Essay oh Man

Heav'n from all creatures hides- the Book of Fate,

All but the pye prescribed, their pre• sent state:

From brutes what men, from men what spirits know:

Orwho could suffer Beingherebelow?

The lamb thy riotdooms to bleed to. day, Had he thy reason, would heskip and play?

Pleas'd to the last, he crops 4he flow'ry food, And licks the hand.just rais'dto shed his blood.

Oh, blindness to the 'future! kindly giv'n,

That each may fill the circle mark'd by Heav'n:

Who sees with equal eye, as God of all, Ahero perish, or asparrow fall, Atomsorsystemsintoruinhurl'd, And now abubble burst, and now a world.

Pope was asatirist of the firstorder. No one in his day, not even royaty, was safe from hispen.Acommon mistake is to confuse satire with abuse or invective. "Essentially, in fact, satire is serious and illuminating; it perpetually clarifies and refreshes our under. standing of the acceptable and good by showingup what does not conform, whatdoes not measure up, to the commonly accepted notions of the good."

(Allan Edwards.) The lines that fol. low show probably as well as any the main characteristics of Pope's poetry, including the satirical vein. The whole passage contains apotency of suggestion which becomes tremendous in the ninth line—we seem to feel the enveloping, thickening, drowsy vapour spreading irresistibly. As F. R. Leavis says: "The Chiefless Armies doze in an immensely fantastic dream. comedy, and the Navies yawn vastly on an enchanted sea."

Yore had she spoke, but yawn'd—all Nature nods: What mortal can resist the yawn of Gods?

Churches and chapels instantly it reach'd: (St.,James first, for leaden Gilbert preach'd), Then cateb'd the Schools; the Hall scarce kept awake: The Convocation gap'd, but could not speak: Last was the Nation'ssense,nor could he found, While the long solemn unison went round:' Wide,and still wide,it spread o'er all the realm; Ev'n Palinurus nodded at the helm;

N T E 1) 1:

Young men who wish to dedicate their lives to the work of THE FOREIGN MISSIONS!

Anew Mission Seminary is being opened by the Divine Word Fathers at Marburg,Queensland,in March, 1945. This Mission Seminary has for its express and sole purpose the education of youngmen who wish to dedicate their lives to the Propagation of the Faith in foreign lands, particularly in the South Seas.

Students will be accepted after successful completion of the Junior (Intermediate)Examination.

Candidates will present testimonial letters from their Parish Priests, as well as from their School Superiors.

Young men interested in the Missionary Brotherhood are also urged tomake inquiries.

For further particulars,write to-REV, DANIEL DRISCOLL, S.V.D., MISSION SEMINARY, MARBURG,QUEENSLAND.

The vapour mild o'er each Committee crept; Unfinish'd Treaties in each Office slept; And Chiefless :Armies doz'd out the Campaign, And Navies yawn'd for Orders on the Main.

Pope was not aparticularly pleas. ing or cheerful individual. 11e could be vindictive and even dishonest; but he was an avowed Catholic in an age when persecution of the Church was still rife, and it remains to his lasting credit that he died after an open and free acknowledgement of the faith of his fathers.

—DE GUSTIBUS.

WINTERAMUSEMENTS.

A.B.C.'s'~OVER TO BIRTH" SHOW.

"The Australian Broadcasting Commision should face the tas% and not be frightened by the difficulties associated with broadcasting talks on sex questions. The Commission thinks that these talks would be of such 411 portance to themoralsof thecommunitythat endeavours shouldbe made to arrange them....This wasan attempt to deal with anational problem, which was inclined tobe side-tracked by prejudices and unimportant details:'—Mr. W. J Cleary (Chairman of A.B.C.), 9/2/'45.

Ican foresee some very pleasant evenings listening to the radio this winter. The talks should be both informative and stimulating,and the variety of topics to be covered should be wide enoughto appeal to all tastes.

For instance, Inoticed in the daily Press last week that in awell-known English public school, the whole matteris being gone intovery thoroughly. One of the most important social and psychological problems which is being faced is whether children should be born in summer or winter or not.

This is quite clearly acase of far• reaching moment, and Ido hope that something positive emerges out of the solemn discussions of this group of English schoolboys. Imyself have no doubt as to which is the correct answer, because for sometime past Ihave been puzzled by certain psychological aberrations which are to he found among the Indians and which are en. tirely absent in the Eskimo. But 1 must confess that until quite recently Ihad never suspected the underlying cause of this phenomenon, and once an authoritative decision is given on the subject.. I feel that somebody should suggest that an international travel agency be set up to transfer expectant mothers to suitable compounds in thecorrectclimate area.

However, on second thoughts. I doubt if we would be really wise to press for enlightenment on this mat. ter. There is an old tag beginning Where Ignorance is Bliss.... Heaven knows what strange passes we might come to. For example, it is certain that aschoolboy's life is torment enough for him already without his having to face the addi,tional jibe, "Garn, you were born in April," in the same way asthey say now, "Garn. you were brought up in EastPerth."

Still, Iexpect someofitsmay expect to be saved certain embarrassment when all the superior papers give up publishing the,horoscopes of people born in January, February and March, Instead we will probably read the fol lowing type of advertisement: "Situations vacant. Bank Clerk. \lust be bright and well-accredited, of plea cant address, good date ofbirth essen tial."

With the expansion of our know. ledge, too, lovers' problems should be. come more simple,or would they?

Shakespeare must have had certain premonitions on the subject when he wrote one ofhisearliersonnetsentitled "The Lover's Lament": Ourlove waslike the red,red rose That bloomed in winter'sgarden. But now,alas! the timehas come When we our hearts must harden And bid farewell, andbreak the spell That binds us toeach other, For plain it be for all to see We cannot walk together.

There is no licence for the love Of hybrid natures such as we Our complexes wouldclash,'my dove, Our minds could not agree.

For Iwas born in February, And you were born inJune.

P.S.: After having read the foregoing, my friend Wog complains that as usualShakespeare has treated the rat. ter too lightly,.and failed to put up anyconstructive suggestions. He pre• fers the following treatment: I'm happy as a'bumble-bee, Lifeholdsnotthorn, norsplinter, Dame Fortune kindly smiles on me, For Iwas born in winter.

My brother George, contrariwise Has prospects rather glummer— Unscientifically,'11e'

Arranged his birth for summer.

"Procrastination militates Against success." Ising, "Sad isshisfate whohesitatee— You should have come in Spring."

1[y cousins, clearly, heeded not When earnest teachers taught 'em That his escutcheon bears ablot Who bowls along in autumn.

Oh,happy is the Eskimo, Potentialities boundless, -

Who, born amid eternal snow, Finds all his fears are groundless.

Contrast what bitter fate has done For Africans and such: One born beneath atropic sun Can't hope for overmuch.

The vast untouched Antarctic landsArefuge could provide Fromtropicalmaternity— A practice experts chide.

Butletus not remain content, Perfection unattained— Astrologers can calculate

As they have oft explained, One's prospects, wealth and character

From date of birth supplied; The processin reverse would prove Theperfect natal guide.

Oh, let its then demand an Act

Which, by forbidding birth, Save'St propitious time and place, Will glorify the• earth.

l

Iamnotatall sure that theproblem could be dealt with so simply as the laststanza would seem to suggest. I still feelthat there is avery clearneed for aSelect Committee to be establish.. ed inCanberrato go intosomeofthose unimportant details to which NJr, Cleary refers. '

—"THE MOOCHER"

The Catholic Rural Movement

Arrangements are well in handforthe ' conference of country parish priests and farmers, which will take place in the last week in February

From Sunday evening, February 24, till Tuesday morning, February 26, the farmerswill go on retreat attheNorth Perth Monastery. On Tuesday morning the conference wil be opened with aHigh Mass at 9a.m. in the Monastery Church. His Grace will preside at the throne. The Mass will be sung by Father •M. Giles, of Donnybrook, with FatherJohn Russell, of Narrogin, as Deacon, and Father E. Power, of Harvey, as Sub-Deacon. At the conclusion of the Mass His Grace will address the gathering and officially open the conference.

The first paper will be read by Father T. Lenihan, of Northam. Other papers will be read by Father P. Duffy, of Manjimup,Father F. Byrne, of Katanning,and Father . Ryan (Chaplain of the Movement). After each paper is read the gathering will break up into small groups for discus. sion and then return to the general gathering to ask questions.

TheNational Convention of the Catholic Rural Movement takes place in Melbourne from March 4to March to, All States and New Zealandwillberepresentedbydelegates.

FIRSTMAORIPRIESTATNAPIER

The first member of the Maori race to be raised to the dignity of the priesthood, the Rev. Wiremu Te Aw. hitu, wasordained by His Grace Arch. bishop O'Shea, S.M. at St. Patrick's Church. Napier, on 'December 7. The Rev. Wiremu Te Awhitu,S.M., offered f his first Solemn High Mass in St. Pat. rick'sCathedral,Auckland, on January 7.

.Death of Dr. J. W. Horan Foundation President of Holy Name Society

Discrimination in Criticism

the

I

thepageof"TheRecord" concerned.It t e

Pe a t

Itisnotsolongsincethereappeared absence of any encouragement from anew pagein"The Record," with title"Discriminations," Here books plays, films, etc., are discussed and criticised in avery lively and entertaining manner. There isevidence of agreat deal of thought and painstaking research on the part of the three contributors and this page has become avery popular one with a great many readers of"The Record." This places agreat deal of responsi• bility on the writers, because of the temptation of pandering to this popu• larity, atemptation which hasclaimed victims even among world-famous critics

Criticism, tobe justified, and not oftend against the laws of justice and charity, must be informed with knowledgeofwhat is wrong with awork or performance under review, why it is wrong, and what must bedone to rec. tify what is wrong, or supplynvhat is missing. It must take into consideration all the circumstances surrounding aperformance, and always be constructive and en

couraging. A critic mustalwaysrememberthat, thoughhe is only expressing his own personal opinion, and "De Gustibus" expresse s his awareness of this by the pen-name he uses, yet there are very large numhers of people who consider that anything thatappears in print has akind of"ex cathedra" infallibility from th emere fact of beng in print. Many othersneverhave any opinion of their own until they have read the opinion of some newspaper critic. and, alasI there are agood many people(otherwise of very gentle character )

wh o take avicarious pleasure in the hand• ing out of painfully severe criticism to budding writers and players. It is so easy to be cleverat the expense of someone who has no hope or medium of reply, as, for instance, when the iamous English music critic, Ernest Newman, after hearing the first recital of avocalist land probably onl

y the first ten minutes at that )

wro t

e: "Last night bliss So-and-so gave arecital. Why?" Of course, that is really very amusing, but it is not criticism. Probably the young artist was ill-advised to havegiven arecital , and adoring friends had unkindly allowed her to harbour unwarranted opinions ofherpowers. Butpersonal• ly Ithink,that if shedidn'tmeritcon• structive, suggestivecriticism it would have been better to have passed over herunfortunate performancewith com• plete silence. Itcertainlywould have been more charitable and dignified on the part of the celebrated critic.

This leads me to remark that "De Gustibus" hailed the Therry Society' s first public presentation of a pl a

y Barry's"Quality Street;" with one

of the most devastatingly severe and discouraging criticisms Ihave ever read. Iwould not deny the truthof agreat many of his remarks, bearingin mind , too,thathispen-namenecessarily qualifiesallhe says. Nevertheless Ithink that alittle restraint should be exercised sometimes in the use of even legitimate public criticism. In the present case one experiences asense ofgratitude for the more kindly treatment meted out totheTherry Society by thesecular Press.

Ido not wish to enter on any dis• cu

ssion about the particular play produced: it is not one of the best of its period, nor of its author, but difficult though it is to give life to aromance that, toour age, seems faded ,

it is not without charm. The performance, which Isaw on the second night (

and which, to be just to"DeGustibus." I believe to have been avery much bet

akes agood deal of time and experince to form an actor or any kind of ublic performer,and Saturday night's rformance of"Quality Street" went long without hesitation, and showed hattherewasample talentamongthe players to justify confidence that"the acorn the Therry Society has planted may yetgrow anoak-tree"

The matter of the programme is a contentious one, but it mustbe 17orne nmind that the Therry Society is a Catholic Society, specifically religious in its outlook, havng more than the production of plays among its bbjectives. Ifitwelcomes the.generalpublic to its performances, it primarily thinks of aCatholic audience, and so it makes strange reading for me, that awriterinaCatholicpaper shouldfind "pious wishes," in the form of aGodspeed in the name of Our Lord and IIN HolyMother, out ofplacein aCa• tholic programme.

The generalisations on. contemporary culture and its peculiar requirements Ifound most interesting, and I agree with the opinions expressed, but ,with certain reservations. (In parenthesis, in the absence of very much agreementin modern timesas to what constitutes its culture and its require• ments, it requires agood dealof couragetodogmatiseon thesubjectatall. )

It is avery dust observation that it would be foolish for us to ignore that intangible,but real thing we call"the spirit of the age;'but there also exists alongside of this"spirit. of the age" a timeless, ageless spirit,"the Spirit of Catholicism;" and in most ages these two spirits are in deadly combat with each other. The questing restlessness of the modern mind could only find its rest and satisfaction where (as a liturgical prayer nobly states) amidst the changing things of this life alone truejoysmayhefound. TheSpiritof Catholicism has never worried overmuch about presenting itself in any particular guise; in some ages it was considered revolutionary, in others reactionary. It is quite popular these daysforittobeconsidered bothatthe sametime. Inanycase alongline of martyrs and saintsbear witness to the reactions of the spirit of the various ages. These were in their days very modern people, who, however,'did not try towin thepeople of their time by looking like them, or acting like them. The religious of all ages havewon the regard of peoples of more than their own creed,by talking, actingandlooking like religious, by theirdignity and self-sacrifice. They renounced the ordinary joys and frivolities of the world, and the world, even though grudgingly, thought more of them for it.

Dr.John WilliamHoran,whodiedat his residence,-in Mt..Lawlsy, on January 25, had been for many years one of Perth's leading eye specialists, and was heldin the highest esteem by his fellow citizens. This was strikingly evidenced by the very large and representative gathering which attended the Requiem Mass, celebrated by His Grace Archbishop Prendiville, in St. Mary's Cathedral

on Friday morning, Jandazy 28.

A native of Victoria, the ]ate Dr. Horan came to Western Australia at anearly.age. Hereceived hissecondary education at the Christian Brothers' College, Perth,and won for himself and his school many honours in the educational field. Selected asone of Western Australia's Rhodes Scholars Dr. Horan proceededto Oxford, where he graduated in Medicine, completing apost-graduate course of studyat theDublinMedical School,

On returning to Australia, be commenced practice in Perth as an eye, ear'and nose specialist, and soongained ahigh reputation in this field of medical science, acting for over 20 years as honorary optlralmic surgeon at the Perth PuhllcHospital.

His interest in the cultural and sporting activities of the community was recognised by all, and for many years he was associated with the Aquinas College Old Boys' Association as its president. His deeply religious life, his charity to the poor, and his faithful service at St. Mary's Cathedralwere character• istic of the noble spirit which animated his daily life. He had the distinc• lion of being the foundation president of the Diocesan Union of the Holy Name Society.

The final rites of the Church were presidedover,at the KarrakattaCemetery, by the Rev. F. R. Kelly, assisted by the Right Rev,Monsignor Moloney, and among the clergy present were:

Very'Rev. Dr. Kennedy, Rev. Fathers Wallace, Moss, McArdle, F. Ryan, V. O'Sullivan, H. Brennan; Phillip, Pace, Langmead and Fanning.

The Christian Brothers were repre• seated by Rev. Brothers Conlin and Garvey (Perth), Redmond (Aquinas), Hyland (Leederville), Seery (High. gate, Goggins (Kalgoorlie), and O'Connor (St. Patrick's).

The chief mourners at the graveside were Mr. and Mrs. F. Flood, Mr. and Mrs. E. O'Mahony, Mr. and Mrs. B, Horan, Mrs. C. Guiltoyle, Miss T. Horan, andMr, and Mrs.T. M. Clone.

(Dr. T.Meagher), the Presidentof the Arbitration Court (Mr.JusticeDwyer). Drs. O'Neill, Wheeler, Guiltoyle, Mulcahy, Morbet, Barnard and Quinlan; the Commissioner of'Police (Mr. Doyle(; Messrs.. Needham, M.L.A., F. Anderson, P. Prendiville, T. Ahern, M. Nallen, E. McCormick, S. Kelly, F.Connaughton, J. Charles, J. Firth, P. Nolan, C. Evans, J Ryan, R, Cavan• agh, C. Perry, C. Baker, J, Renie, 6. Knight, J. McCarthy, J. O'Hara, W. German, C. Eakins, C. Radbourn, T. Pearce, G. McCarthy, J. O'Connell, T. Barry, E. Hydon, P. Dix, M.Cargeeg, P.Cunningham,T.Smith,J. Morrissey, G. Deamer, F. Kelly, S. Smith, K. Knapp, M. Cranley, C. McKittrick, A. Scott, K. John, H. Sands, V. Bowen. T. Howard, C. O'Brien, E. Cross, V. Dudley, C. Davies, F. Hammond, E. Smith, L. Brennan, S. Lannigan, W, Malone, P. Washing, W. and G. Scott, T. le Cheminant, J. Dullard R. Rampant, C. Cogan, J. Clone, W. Downes, E.Todd, J. Hayes,J. Minihan, R.Tur• kington B. Bowers, W. Brown, A. Sharp,

b. Leahy, A. Haynes, C. O'Far• yell, J. Booth, M. Devine, R. Joyce, S. Roberts, T. Murphy, T. Clune, D. Connor, K. Croft, JCheeson, F. O•Hehir, A. McGrath, J. McDonald,T.Staunton, J. Dyson, J. Boylan, P. Bryant, W. Flint,V.Courtney, J.O'Dea, J.Smith, M. Walsh, R. Dix, J. Butler, P. LanWigan.A. Lazarus,T. Heagney,

J. Campbell, D. Williams,IM. McDonnell, P. Rodd, C. Norton,S. Hill, R. Finlay. J. Sheehan, M. Black, and many others.

Many tributes of sorrowful esteem were received,among them from the Lord Abbot and Benedictine Community,New Norcia; the Marist Brothers, New Norcia; Brother Keaney and boys of Bindoon; the Superiorsof the C.B. Colleges; the Rhodes Scholars of W.A.; the Rev. Mothersof thevarious Convents; the BrailleSociety; Aquinas College i01d Boys' Association: the West Australian Optometric Association; Lavbman and Pank;Officers of the U.S. Navy; Domestic Science Teachers; the Blind School, Maylands, and the St. John's Ambulance.

"The Record" officejoinswithallhis friends in extending to the late Dr. (loran'swidow and his three dough. ters, Therese,Mary and Patricia, sin. -cere condolences in their sorrow.

Mayhis soul restinpeace.

• ter one than that of the first night ) wastar from beingthe painfully meritless

performance De Gustibus" made itappear to be, and theplayersshould not,anddoubtlesswillnot,allow them. ,elves to be daunted by the complete WANTED TO BUY: Moves ,

Wpod Oas;PlainandOldRoofIron ,

Coppery. Seaters.Best Prices. BingB6

M.

The people around us, modern, en• lightenedandall therestofit,willnot be impressed by any overemphasis of ourmodernity, and certainlynotbyreligious forming their own "swing• bands" and having rather silly photographs of themselves-keeping strange company in popular pictorial papers. We must take things in our stride, using everything that is good and use. ful,•both of the present and the past, careless of whatever catch-cries a•e hurled at us, and making no pretence of being just like the rest, for we are not, or should not be. On the other hand, it would be pitiful if we gave the impression that we wanted to live in the past, and produce only th:•• on the"nice" model. Let us be. hon• est with ourselves and others, and let us do it in the effortless way that a life of faith and prayer will soon teach US.

Finally, and here Iwarmly agree with "De Gustibus," it is indeed a great achievement (and something that we can proudly claim, countless numbers of Catholics are daily achieving),thatifwecanlivealifeofvirtue inan agewhen virtue islightlyregarded, while still remainingmodern in all in whichitisworthbeingmodern (REV.) AL13F,RT LYNCH.

The funeral wasattended by the following: The Lord Mayor

of Perth

Matter for inclusion in parochial notes and reportsof Catholic organiaationa must be in handby each Thursday to ensure publication in the currentissues of "The Record."

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Established1874.

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Addressall communicationstotheEditor, BoxA35 ;

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PERTH, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1945.

Russian Propaganda Misses

Again

including the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, is alleged to condemn those who seek lenient treatment for Germany. It especially names the\'atican it, trying to safeguard Hitlerite Germany-

SPECIAL COURSE OF LENTEN SERMONS.

Acoarse of Lenten 'Ser. utons at St. Mary's Cathedral, will he preached by Rev. Father J.- Sexton. C.SS.R„ commencing on Sunday evening, February_18.

LYNN SCHOLARSHIP AWARDS

The Trustees of the Lynn Scholarship announce that the two Scholarshipshave been awarded forthisyear. The successfulcandidatesare: KevinEugeneByrne,St.Charles'Semtinary,Guildford.

AlbertJames ReddChristianBrothers' College, Kalgoorlie.

KevinByrnesatforandpassednine subjects at the 1944 Junior Certificate Examination. He is the sonof Mr. and Mrs.W. H. Byrne, of Duke-street, Northam. The Rector of St.Charles' Seminary, in his report, describes the boy as"amost exceptional lad intellectually."

Albert Reidis the son of Mrs.I. M. Reid, of Cheetham-street, Kalgoorlie, He passed nine subjects inthe junior. The report from his headmasterstates that James has talent well above the average and splendid application.

The Scholarships may be taken out at any recognised Secondary School, and are tenable for two years.

COO

Arcobioceoe

OPENING

or SCHOOL YMAR.

The opening of the school-year in theCathedralparishschoolswasmarked by thecelebrationofaspecial children's Mass in the Cathedral on Friday, 9th, inst.,at which the pupils of all schools inthe parish were present. His Grace the Archbishop was cele• brant, assisted by Revs. J. McGiliCuddy andJ. O'Farrell. Rev. Father Donnelly preached the occasional sermon.

ARCB.BIISHOP'SiENQAOEMENTS.

February 18:

7.30 p.m.: Attend Lenten Sermon at St. Mary's Cathedral; Pontifical Benediction.

February23— 10 a.m.: Quarterly Conference at Chapter Hall Victoria Square. 7p.m.: Confirmation of adults, St.,-Mary's Cathedral.

March4-

7.30 p.m.: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at Church of the Holy Rosary, Nedlands.

March 11—

ber crimes. The "Osservatore Romano" very promptly branded this statement as "arbitrary, false apd calumnious." Anyone who hasread Papal pronouncementson postwarorderwill not need assuranceinthismatter. The Pope'sconstant themeisthat if thereistobe truepeace it canonlybe as the fruit of justice. And nobody supposes that absolute justice can be applied to human affairs. Itwould be altogethertoo devastating, and in any case God alone could assess it, In practice melt have found thatjustice must betempered by mercy. For wwher•ever wars have ended with avindictive settlement, the hatred and desire for retribution engendered have most powerfully contri. buted toallearlyresumption ofhostilities. Couutonsense a well as Christian charity demands that the terms of an arntisJice must not make the future intolerable for entire nations.

front the responsibility for all*

Our clay has become oppressive with afawning adulation for all things Russian. There is every reason to he grateful for the might of Soviet arms, but in many other respects the uncritical attitude of Left Wing sympathy is little removed from crass stupidity.( Religion isacase in point. Weare quiteprepared tobelieve that there is areligious revival in Russia for the simple reason that religion is so fundamental to man'; nature that it simply cannot be quenched like acandle in all entire people. But we doubt very sincerely whether the Kremlin can be thanked for the phenomenon. The setting up ofthe I )

,ttriarehateof Moscow and All-Russia in the late Sergei, and now in Alexia,shoulddeceive no one. These men have recordsaspolitical creatures. But the deceptiondoes "goover" largely because in the Englishtradition the majorityofpeoplehavecome toregardas nornnal astateofaffairs where t;eEstablished Chudch is largely aglorified State department, whose officials are paid by the State, and even its religious teachingcannotauthoritativel y

be varied except by an Actof Parliament. Ev:rvone still remembers the farce about the Book of Common Prayer.

So that, the sources of the present tirade are to be recognised as poisoned sources. Only recently from the saute-quarter we had theamusingspectacleofachallenge to the supreme authority of thePapacy. And ifanyonewants to be certain beyondshadow of doubt that this Russian religious affair is synthetic and spurious, heneed only notetheabsolutelack of Christian charity in the toneoftherecentstatement. Onlyarabid, fanaticalhatredof Catholicism could lead apartisan to such atravesty of facts and to such immoderation of utterance. Itwasalsounfortunately timed, for at the very moment of its publication two prominent Anglican Bishops were talking in the very strain of which Orthodoxy (1) falsely accused the Vatican. And by the irony of fate, one of these was thecelebrated anti-Papal Dr. Barnes. He condemned as "un-Christian and impracticable" the "unanimous non-Christian opinion" that ahard peace should he imposed on Germany and Japan. The Bishop of Gloucester touched rather boldly on Russian imperialism in the Baltic, and on the persecution of religion taking place there. It would seem that the Kremlin propagandists havemadearatherworsehashthan usual.

It is particularly pleasing that one of the Lynn awards went to St, Charles' Seminary, as it has just recently been registered as an approved secondarc school.

ST.LOUISWINS COOMBE AWARD -

Among the three applicants who were successful in winning Coombe Scholarships(was Noel Keith Roberts, of St. Louis School, Claremont, who passed the Junior Examination in seven subjects. The scholarship, which is valued at L40 per annum is tenablefor two years at any recognised non-State secondary school.

Mr. N. A. Handy, technical assistant to the Department of Industrial Development,.who flew to America to study wood distillation and charcoal iron production methods and to confer with Air. F. Alvin, Vulcan Copper and Supply Co., of Cincinatti, consultant in U.S.A. for the industry in this State, reached Washington on January 1. He will spend about three monthsin Americabeforereturning to Perth, inspecting numerous plants. To gain practical experience for the benefit of the new industry here, he hopes toworkinaplant.

MASS INMANDURAH.

Sunday, February 18, at 8oclock.

Morning: Confirmation at Sacred Heart Church, Itlount Barker.

Afternoon: Bless extensions to St. Joseph's School, Albany.

Evening: Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church, Albany.

HOLIDAYRESORTS

MASS TIME TABLE.

Cottesloe:

Sundays: 7a.m.; 10 a.m.

NorthBeach:

Sundays (from Dec.$4, until furthernotice):9.30a.m.

Rockingham:

Sundays (in January): 9a.m.

Scarborough:

CONFIRMATIONOFADULTS.

.+ ,l

HisGracetheArchbishopwilladminister the Sacramentof.Confirmation to c adults in St. Mary'sCathedral,on Fri(lay, February23,at7p.m. Intending candidates are requestedto inform the Administrator not later than Thurs. day, February 22. Candidates from outside the Cathedral Parish will be required to furnish letters from their own parishpriests.

PRIESTS'CONFERENCE.

The Quarterly Conference of the PriestsoftheMetropolitanAreawillbe held at the Chapter Hall, Victoria Square, on Friday, February 23, at 10 a.m.

"PAPUA IN PEACE AND WAR"

By H. F. BITMEAD.

An enthralling story of 300 pages, profusely illustrated, to be publishedshortly.

Theauthor,aWest Australian,has spent 10years in Papuaas amedical officer and teacher, and has an intimate knowledge of all partsof thecountry and the various tribes.

After three years in the Army, Warrant Officer Bitmead was taken prisoner by the Japanese, but subsequently escaped. HowhewalkedtwiceacrossNew Guinea,savingthe lifeofan American colonel, makes agripping story.

Behind Every Broken Youth is a Broken Home ResponsibilityforChildrenRests SquarelyonParents

Permanence of Marriage and Creativeness of Love Necessary

By JISGR. FULTON J. SHEEN

Behindeverydelinquentchildisads. linquentparent. Behindeverybroken youthisabrokenhome.

Theprimaryand normalrightofeducation belongs to the parents and not to the ThisState. basic principle of domestic so• cicty isaconclusion of the morallaw. It is.not Catholic doctrine exclusively, but because Catholics are most insistentonthemorallaw,ithaswronglybecome identified as Catholic teaching.

It perhaps would be well for parentstoexaminetheirconsciencesinthe lightofthismoralprinciple. Arethey realising their responsibilities?

Too many parents to-day shifttheir responsibilitytothe schoolandassume that by doing so they have fulfilled theirparental obligations.

Have they forgotten that theeducation of their children is their concern six years before it becomes the con, cern of the school. A rough calculation will show that when schooling starts the child still spends about 85 per cent. ofhis time athome.

There is such athing in the Providence of God as "mother-craft'~and "father•cfaft;" but there never was a timewhenthese noble professions were in such danger of being lost.

TrueEducation.

Whathascomplicated the intensified parental irresponsibility is the fact that most schools to-day assu

me that Z

•education consists only in the impart'dng of knowledge. This is an egregi4is error, becau

se knowledge rs only apart of education. The wholemanmust be educated,andthis meansthewillmust be trainedaswell as theintellect. More important still istheformation of character,theright ordering of conscience,and the for ation of personality. wasright, when, afew centuries before the ad. vent of Christianity. he taught that 'the primary purpose of education is the inculcation of the distinction of right and wrong.

Neverbefore in the historyofthe worldwasthere so muchknowledge; andneverbeforesolittlecomingtothe knowledge of the Truth. Neverbe• foresomuchstrainingf,resfe;,ever

ever beforesoman} unhappy beforesomuch science; neverbefor e wasitsoused for thedestruction

9 humanlife.

In the face of•this, then, shall par. ents not see that it is not the intellects of the world that have gone

BOARDAND RESIDENCE.

wrong; itisconsciences. Reason withoutmoral purposecanbe reason atthe service of evil as well as reason at the service of good. And fundamentally, itisnottheschoolsthataretoblame; itis the parents. The right toeducationbelongtothem, MothersWork,ChildrenNeglected. Afinalindicationofthebreakdown of parentalauthorityis the present tendency ofmothers who, outside of casesofnecessity,workinwarplants totheutterneglectanddetrimentof theirchildren. InLosAngelesasocialworkercounted45infantslockedin cussatasingleparkinglot whilethe motherswereatwork in war plants. Injam-packedWarrenTownship,outside of Detroit,children who go to school onanafternoonshifthaveac. tuallybeensentout to wander the streetsatnightsotheywillsleeplater andnotwakeuptheirworkingparents earlyinthemorning.

Therootofthistroubleis in the home,andthosewhotalkaboutmore nurseries betterplaygrounds,curfews, bettermilk,andmoredancehalls,are perhapsdiminishingtheeffezt,butnot removing thecause. Behind every delinquent childis adelinquent parent. Behindeverybrokenyouthisa brokenhome.

The rebirthofthe home is conditioneduponthreefactors,all(ifwhich aregroundedinthemorallaw:

First,marriageisapermanentbond, untildeath.Thereareonlytwowords in the vocabularyoflove:"you"and "always.""You" because love is unique;"Always" because love is timeless. Noone@ver said:"Iwill love you for two years and six months." Themodernrubbishabout sexconfusesfeelingwithlove,andorganicreactionwithanactofwill,and falselybelievesthat when the"thrill" is gone, marriage is ended•forgetful thatinmarriage,asinrunningarace, there is asecond wind.

What themodern calls the"thrill," is onlythe choke that starts the motor; moderns never stay together long enough to enjoy the thrill of driving.' Thefrostingisnotthecake, but themorallawsays you maynot take the frosting unless you eat the cake.

Loveisself4iving.

ientex t?equfations

- 1945-

SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFASTAND ABSTINENCE.

1. All daysofLentexcept Sundayand Holy DaysofObligation,aredaysofFAST.

2. Byvirtueofthe dispensation atpresent enjoyed throughthe Archdiocese, ASH WEDNESDAY AND GOOD FRIDAY,AND THESE DAYS ONLY, are days of BOTHFASTANDABSTINENCE.

3.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyeararebound by thelawoffast. They ceaseto be bound who have begun theirsixtieth year.

4. Those whohave completed their seventh year are bound "by thelawofAbstinence.

5.• ON FAST DAYS,those bound to fast are allowed one full meal at mid-day or in theevening. In addition, they are allowed two light meals—one of about eight ounces and the otherof two or three ounces. Any kind of food, AND HENCE EVEN FLESH MEAT (on non-abstinence. days) may be,used at all three meals, provided that the limitofeightandtwo orthreeouncesisobservedatthetwo smallmeals.

6. ON ABSTINENCE DAYS,flesh meat and meat..soups are forbidden. Lard and dripping, however;may be used, but merelyasacondimentorseasoning.

7. Those who are in delicate health, or who exhaustingwork, are not bound to fast.

8. TheLentenFastceasesatnoonon Holy Saturday

are engaged in ArchbishopofPerth.

AHERN'S FEATURISE

Suburban Hotel has vacancy for 4. two gentlemen; no other boarders; halconyrooms; 8o'clockearliestbreakfast; tariff 32/6: reduction if no luncheon. Apply

this office.

QUARANT' ORE

FEBRUARY.

4th.—WAOIN: One Day ofExposition.

MAS.OB.

1st.—OOOLGARDIE:One Day of Exposition.

2nd.—HONDINM: One Exposition.

3rd.--6UBIAOO: Forty Prayer(16th.-18th.)

4th.—NORSEMAN: One Exposition. APRIL.

Day of Hours' Day of

`

1st.—EASTER SUNDAY: Vacant.

2nd.--li DLiA.ND

JUNCTION : Forty Houre Prayer (6th.8th.).

Second,marriage,byitsverynature, is destined tobearfruit,for love is mutual self-givingwhich endsinselfrecovery. Allloveis creative—even God's. Alllovetendstoanincarna. tion—evenGod's. Thesparkoflove caught fromthe flamesof Heaven's altars,wasnotgiven to scorch the flesh,buttosolderlife. Theonlyreason life ever surrenders itself to life istomeetthechallengeofdeathand conquer individual impotence by fillinguptheother'slackingmeasurein thebirthoftheirmutuallove.

Third,marriagecanprosperonlyon conditionofsacrifice. Alllovecraves across—evenGod's. True love is sacrificial. Thatis whycourtshipis characterisedbygift-giving—asurrenderofwhatonehas Inmarriagethis sacrificialloveshoulddepenbyasurrenderofwhatone-is. Becauseton manymeasure their love for another bythepleasurewhichtheothergivm theyareinrealitynotinlove,butin theswampsofselfishness.

Peacefirstcameto theworldwhen theWise\tendiscoveredafamily.And thedawnofpeace will come again whenotherwisemenreturntohomes ,here,inthenewvisionofdomesticticity theysee the human family of father, mother,and children, as the reverseorderoftheHolyFamily: A Child,aMother,andaFather,

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AND ...OFCOURSE...MANY OTHERS.

How Bright is

Most people credit Joseph Stalin with intelligence of avery practical order. Heissupposed tobe arealist, to know at all times exactly what he wants, and to use the most direct means togainhisend.

Recently Joseph Stalin has been giving the'world reason to revise this judgment. Ultimately, itwouldseem, Stalin should desire above all else a period of peace when this war ends. He needs it to rebuild acountry that has been badlybatteredby war. He needs the friendlinessand good will of neighbour nations, far and near. He needs to convince the world that Russia intends to be aconstructive force in world affairs, not anation dominated by the Hitlerian mania of world conquest: He needsthisprimarily, be it noted, for his own good and the good of hiscountry. Onthe basis of downright self-interest,he needs peace and theword's goodwill.

For awhile it looked as though Stalin, the realist, realised all this. He signified hisacceptance of the Atlantic Charter. He signed the Moscow Pact, which set down at least the basis of a justworld order. He met with other great Powers at Teheran to elaborate on the MoscowPact. Sincethat time, his realism and his intelligence seem to have deserted him. His attitude toward Poland cannot possibly gain him anything but the hatred of Poland andthemistrustoftheworld.The callous cynicism with which his private Polish Committee treated the reDoyouwishtohelpeducateapriest for work in WesternAustralia? Make aregular annual contribution to help an indigent student.,

Mr. Stalin?

volt of the Poles in Warsaw and its bloody suppression can hardly win the good willof his-nearest neighbour. His wholeapproach to the Polish problem has been that of astupid bully,glorying in apoweriwhich for the moment is irresistible. If he really hopes to eliminate Poland or kill in Polish heartsadetermination tobe free,heis closinghiseyestothe one outstanding lesson of Polish history

Twice inashort time he has attacked the Vatican. Even if we ignore the injustice and the falsification in those attacks, they still remain monu. ments of stupidity. Russia simply cannotfindpeace until RussiaisallowedtofindGod. Stalin, ifheisintelligent,shouldhave learnedbythistime, thathe'cannot, nor can propagandaor starvation or the OGPU or concentra. tion camp or death, kill religion in the heartoftheRussian people. The his. tory of any nation should tell him that he cannothope tofight the Vicar of Christ. To-day, more than ever, the Vicar of Christ,holds aplace of honour and respect in the civilised world. Stalin cannot hope to take a prominent place in that civilised world while he hurls falsehood and vituperation at the Vatican.

If Stalin is sincere in seeking for_ Russia peace and aconstructive voice in world affairs then he is hardly choosing the most intelligent means toachievehisends. Ifheisinsincere and in place of peace is deliberately fomenting discord as ameans of Communist world domination, then be is dangerous and must be stopped. In either alternative, the time has come when his allies must adopt towards him amuchfirmer attitude.

Alistair Non Joyce and Bro. A. J. Willett Honoured, Recently the District Board and the SletropoitanSocialCouncil and several of the branchesjoined in extendingto the Secretary of the Metropolitan Social Council, Sister Nora Joyce, and Bro. Angus Willett. P.G.P„ acomplimentary social, to mark the occasion of their marriage. The function was held in St. Mary's Hall, Leederville, andthe verylargenumber ofmembers who attended constituted awonderful tribute to the guests of honour and expressed the keen appreciation of the members of their wonderful work on behalf of the Society. Presentations were made on behalf of the District Board, the Metropolitan Social Council, St. Mary's Branch, Leederville, St. Canice's Branch, Cottesloe, Help of Christians' Branch EastVictoria Park, St. Anthony's Branch, Midland Junction, St. Joachim's Branch, Victoria Park, and St. Malachi's Branch, Highgate. The Grand President, Bro. J. Finnegan, presided, and appreciative speeches weremadeby the GrandPresident,on behalfofthe DistrictBoard, Bro. Alf, Page, President of the Metropolitan Social Council, Bro,

L Edwards, on behalfof St. Mary's Branch, and Bro. J. Harvey, on behalf of St. Canice's Branch.

PresentationtoBro. C. E. Baker, PJG.P.

Bro. Ted Baker,PG.P.,had torelin. quish office on the District Board at the Conference held in,November last on accountofhishaving beentransferredto the country. Inorder to manifest the appreciation of Bro. Baker's splendid services to the-Society, the District Board, in conjunction with St. Lawrence O'Toole's Branch, Mayands, tendered to him acomplimentary social at the Maylands Town Hall on January 17. Notwithstanding the extremely hot weather, the large attendance of members showed unmis. takably the popularity of Bro. Baker and the keenness of the members to adequately honour him on this occa. sion. Presentationswere made on be. half of the District Board and St. Lawrence O'Toole's Branch. The Grand President, Bro. T. R. Walker, presided and, duringthe presentations, was accompanied by the branch Chaplain, Rev. Father O'Dwyer, and the District and branch officers. Speeches appreciative of Bro. Baker's fine work were made by the Grand President, Father O'Dwyer, Bro. T. J. Hynes, P.N.P., Sister C. M. O'Connor, branch president, and Bros. H. Dalton and J. McDonald. two foundation members ofthebranch.

St.Brlgid'sBranch.

During the holiday season there has not been very much activity with regard to the branch, but now meetings are being well attended and Badminton is again very popular. At the meeting held on 5th, inst., two nominations for membership were received. Agood attendance is desired at the meeting on the 9th. inst.

St.Nalachf'sBranch,Highgate,

During the holiday season the attendances of members at the branch meetings have been good, no4withstanding the absence of several on holidays. Bro. Bill Monaghan, who was one of the branch's most enthusiastic members, has joined the Navy. Themembersmisshimvery much,and trust that ere long he will be return. ing hale and hearty to again take his place in the branch. At the meeting on January24,Mr. Ronald Powell was admitted and ' welcomed. Reports were made that the members had a most enjoyable tennis day at the Zoo with themembersofSt. Anthony's and St. Mary's Branches on January 21, Arrangements were made for abeach party with the members of St.Mary's Branch atScarborough on Wednesday, 14th, inst. Agood attendance is de. sired at the meeting on Wednesday, 21st. inst.

St. Mary's Branch, Leederville, At the meeting held on January 31, Bro. Alf Power's clearance from New

CAJHOLICSDESIGN THE NEWHOUSE OF COMMONS

The new HouseofCommons, to re. place the old chamber destroyed in the raids, has been designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, R.A„ the well. known Catholic architect, who was in. vited tosubmithisdesignsto the committee without competition.

His younger brother, Mr. Adrian Scott, F.R.I.B.A., has collaborated in the work.

Sir Giles, who is now 64, began a brilliantcareerattheageof21 by win. ning theopencompetitionfor the LiverpoolAnglican.Cathedral, His versatilityrangesfromthedesignsof Water. loo Bridge to abrewery, innumerable churches and his masterpiece the An. glican cathedral at Liverpool, which has grown with him.

HisworksincludethenaveatDownside, the war memorial at Beaumont, his old school, the new buildings at Arnpleforth and churches. of almost every size.

South Wales was accepted. Messrs, W. Butler and J, Flaherty were elect. ed and the Misses Marion and Roma Moate were nominated for meinber. ship. Arrangements were made for a, beach party at Scarborough on Wednesday, 14th. inst.; members to catch the 7.30 bus from Perth. To supple. ment the outdoor supporting activi. ties ofthebranch, the necessary equip. ment forthegameofsoft-ball hasbeen procured. Itis expected that several members will participate nthe social activities that are being arranged by the Metropolitan Social Council, The quarterly Communion will take place atthe7o'clockMasson25th.inst., an

d every member is expected to partici. pate.

St. Lawrence O'Toole's Branch, Maylanda

There was alarge attendance of membersat thebranch meetingon the 2lth. ult. Bro. Page gave afavourable report of the social tendered to Bro. Bakerby the District Board, and advisedmembersthataclock was pre. sented to this member by the District Board, while the branch presented a wallet. Delegrates to the Metropolitan Social Council were advised that ameeting was tobe held on February 2and they were asked to

be p

desert. Aletter was read from the former l

Sr. Gilhooley, iwho stated that she was :_ rc^ ipt of the present forwarded from the branch. s

Our Lady, Help ofChristians, Branch,. East Victoria Park.

Bro. President presided over asmall attendance ofmembers on February 6. Sr.Ryanwasreported tobeimproving in health, while Bros. O'Leary and Ramsay were well again. A telegram of congratulation was to be sent to Bro. Palmer, on the occasion of his marriageonSaturday,February 10.All membersareaskedtogoalongtoShen. ton Parkon March 16 for inter-branch social. An appeal was made to male members to hand their names in, so that a team could represen

t our branch in theinter-branch relay, to be run at grand river trip on March 25. Welearnwith regretthatour pastpre. sident. Bro.Battersley, wasleavingthe district. Letters were received from Bros. Palmer and Mellowship (A.I.F.). Winner-of luckseat was Sr, E. A. McCarthy. , Members, please note, nevt meeting Tuesday, February 20,

St.JoachhesBranch,

lth an rr

dsends his kindest regards to all members. Bro.— F, Ellyard (R.A.A.F,) has been trans (erred to the Eastern States, also Sr. A. O'Toole (A.W.A.S.), We extend to them our very best wishes. We ex. tend oursincerecongratulationstoBro. Ken Tondut and Bro. Jack Jones, on their success in recent examinations. The balancesheetwas read and shows the branch is in a'good solid position. The next meeting ison the 19th, inst.„ and we hope to see an increased attendance on that night.

Catholic Girls' Movement

HEADQUARTERS AND CLUB ROOMS:

Bank of NS.W. Chambers, 65 St, George's Terrace(near Sherwood Coatrt)-Rooms: 7.10 First Floor.

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES.

Monday: Shorthand, 5.15 p.m.

Liturgy, 8p.m.

Tuesday: PhysicalCulture,7-8 p.m, Orchestra, 8pm

Wednesday:

Shorthand, 5.15 p.m.

Dressmaking, 7p.m.

Arts and Crafts, 8P.M. Red Cross, E.S.C., 8p.m.

Thursday: MASS, 8a.m.; EXPOSITION.

BENEDICTION, 5.15 p.m.

Choir, 8p.m.

Friday: Softball practice, 5.15 p.m., on the Esplanade, -

3atlurday:

Kalamunda Busy Bee, 1,15 bus.

Tenisat Robertson Park, 2p.m. 41

TARTS AND CRAFTS.

Don'tlet thethoughtofsewingscare you off coming along to this activity on aWednesday at 8p.m., as apart from the needle and thread we go in for avariety of crazes and most of them very simple. One of them at the present time ispapier inache work. Iiulwabout payingits avisitone Wed. nesday evening and just seeing for ^- yourselves what active fingers can accomplish? We are sure you wouldbe just as interested as the other keen meiubers on this work. All materials are provided.

TILE SPORTING .SIDE OF THE C.G.M.

Apart from Basketball, we have done very little in the sporting line, but now's our chance to show that we can shine at other sports as well. If you haven't taken up any of the following activities before, don't let that, hold you back, but come along and we'll dothe rest,

Softball:

Until this year none of us knew the first thing about Softball, and now are not exactly experts on the game, so if you'd like toknow what itisall about come down to the Esplanade, behind Christian Brothers' College, one Friday soon at 5.30,or if you can't come then we will be practicing on Saturday afternoon at2.30. Itis hoped that in the near future we will be playing matches against the W.A.N.S., the Y.W.C.A., etc., who also are newcomers to the game., Naturally the want to acquit ourselves well in these contests, and wouldlike to submitfour or five teams, but asour present num. her would only allow for the entry of two teams, we want more membeis, and wedomeanYOUI

Tennis:

Beginning on February 17, tennis will be heldonSaturdays and Sundays at 2p.m., on courts 7and 8at Rob. ertson Park. There are great possibilitiesforthisactivity,andwithanincreased membership we wil be able to arrange medal tournaments and other events from tine to time. Again, if you don't know how to play, it's time you did, and we are just the ones to teach you. So don't forget, me will be at Robertson Park every Saturday and Sunday at 2p.m. It will cost you 1/3 for the afternoon.

PHYSICAL TRAINING.

This activity, which went into recess before Christmas, will be recommencing onTuesday, 20th., at the National Fitness Gymnasium, 130 Willian-street, and this is just the thing to get those hundreds of tmused muscles into play. You'd really be surprised if you knew the number of muscles that you don't use during the ordinaryroutineof the day. Let'ssee stow manv we can find on Tuesday, 20th., at 7p.m.

If thereisanything else youwantto know, just apply to the Office, and if you are interested in sport or have any ideas, do come along and help us to bring the C.G.M. into the view of theSnortingWorld.

(Continued foot ofnextcolumn.)

Living_ With the Church

MASS CALENDAR FOR THE WEER

February 18-FirstSunday of Lent:

Mass' proper. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer of St. Simeon. 3rd. prayed "A cunctis" 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

February 19-.Feria:

Mass proper, No Gloria. 2nd. prayer "A cunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens:" 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

FebruaryW-(Feria:

Mass-proper.• No Gloria. 2nd. pray. er"Acunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

February 21-Wedneeday in .Quarter

Tense:

Mass proper. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer "A cunctis." 3rd. prayer "Omnipotens." 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

February 22.-Chair of St. Peter at

iAntioch:

Mass Proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Paul, 3rd,prayer of the Feria. 4th. prayer for peace. Tract. Creed. Preface of the Apostles. I

Last Gos• pel of the Feria.

-OR-

Mass ofthe Feria. NoGloria. 2

nd. prayer of St. Peter. 3rd. prayer of St. Paul. 4th. prayer for peace. Preface of Lent. Prayer over the people.

February 23­4liday id Quarter

Tense

( vig

il of St. Matthias, Apostle), St, Peter Damian' Mass "In media:" 2nd. prayer of the Feria. 3rd. prayer of the Vigil. 4th. prayer forpeace. Tract.Creed, Last Gospel of the Feria.

-OR-

Jfass ofthe Feria. NoGloria. 2nd, prayer of St: Peter Damian. 3rd. prayer of the Vigil. 4th. prayer for peace. NoCreed. Last Gospel of the Vigil.

-OR-

Mass of the Vigil. No Gloria. 2nd, prayer of St. Peter, Damian. 3rd. prayer forpeace. No Creed. Last Gospel of the Feria.

February 24-Saturday in Quarter` Tense. 3t. Matthias, Apostle: Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of the Saturday. 3rd. prayer for peace.

Tract. Creed. Preface of the Apostles. Last Gospel of the Cat• urday,

WANTED.

Scientific and technical reference of text books in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Engineering. Anyone wishing to donate same to Galvani Institute, which provided technical service for scientific education in Catholic schools, apply "Galvani." this office.

PROPAGATION OFTHE FAITH.

Our Blessed Lord's commission to His Church to"Go into the whole world and preach the Gospel to every creature," embraces the iwhole mem• bership of that Church. No man is completely Catholic until he does something more than merely try to save his own soul, until Ite sees the world, the whole of it, waiting for the Light of the Faith-as theChurchsees It CANTEENSERVICE.

C.O.M. Group:

Phvllis Dean: Sunday, February 18

L,B.A.Group:

Town Hall, Sunday, March 4.

Phyllis Dean: Tuesday. March 27.

OUTDOOR (ACTIVITIES.

ScavengerHunt

- SUB'IACOIATHLET S.

Next Saturday will be the opening day of the final championships, and judgingbythe presentperformancesof the boys, we can expect many very close races. Great credit shoud be given to the lads who have been per. formingthisseason. The L.C.Y.have consistently shown their superior• shipasateam,bywinningnineof the ten meetings. Their exhibitions of sportsmanship and spirit in their events is something of which the L.C.Y. shouldbeproud.

Now that the championships are being held, the other members of the clubandtheparentsandfriendsshould bethereinfull strength tobarraek for the boys.

There should be some tip-top racing.

LastSaturday Bill Hodge and Fox, of SP.B., ran the 100 yards in 10.5, and Ray Green followed by covering the. same distance in 10.6. These boys will be matched in the finals, so you can expect something exciting. The samewillbe evidenced in many of the other events. Results:

Under19:

100Yards: B. Hodge, 2; R.Green, 1 (2nd. division).

OneMile: B.Cochrane, 1; JWolff,2.

ShotPutt: R.Birch, 1: W.Cochrane, 2,

High Jump: R. Birch, 3

BroadJump: R. Green, 3; R. Jefferles,3(2nd. division).

Relay: Hodge, Green, Jefferies. 1. Under 16:

100 Yards: J. Berkery, 1; T. Wood. thorpe, 1(2nd. division).

440 Yards: J. Berkery, 1; T. Woodthorpe, 4.

Shot Putt: J. Berkery, 2; C. Johnson, 3.

Broad Jump: TWoodthorpe, 2; C. Johnson, 3.

High Jump:.T. Woodthorpe, I: C. Johnson, 1Nod. division).

Relay: Berkery, Woodthorpe, Johnson,2. Under 15:

100 Yards: B. Williams,3; B.Tobin,

660Yards:B.Williams,1; P. Hickey, I(2nd. division)

High Jump: B. Tobin, 1.

Shot Putt: N. McGhie, 4; N.Brown• rigg, 5.

Broad Jump: B. Williams,.2,

Relay: Williams, Hickey, Brownrigg,3.

Under14:

100 Yards: J. Parker„2; J. Pitts, 2 (2nd. division).

BroadJump: J. Parker,2; R. Peirce,

High Jump: J. Parker, 1: J. -

Pitts, 1 (2nd. division).

Relay: Parker, Pitts, Beaton 2.

Final Points: L.C.Y., 1634: Y.M.C.A., 1344.

Cricket.

Last Saturday the team suffered de feat by five rvns at the hands of the Victoria Park Police Boys. After dismissing the visitors for 41 funs, our prospects looked rosy. However, onr batsmen were not equal to the occasion, and wesaid good-bye to valuable points. Thebowlersaredoingamagnificent job, and it only calls for the batsmen to produce the goodsand the premiership would'be as good as won. Bowling figuresagainmakegood reading. Brian Keay secured 4for 14, while Des. Cooper captured 4for 10. Other figures were Pat Fitzsimmons. 1 for 15, and Jerry McGrade 1for2.

Theonlybatsman scoringdoublefigures was Pat Dennerly, who went in ninth wicket down and made 10 not out. Brian Hanley was alittle unluckytoberun outjust when itlooked as though he and Dennerly would carry the teamtovictory.

Swimming.

The first swimming carnival,'under the auspices of the Boys' Club Sport Association,was,heldlastFridaynight. when ten teams took part,

Allowing for the fact that we were numerically weak, the boys who represented theL.C.Y.did avery creditable jobin finishingin fifth place. Atone stage about half-way through the programme we were lying in third place, butlack of swimmers under 16 and 19 gradually pulledus back to fifth place.

Theladswhocame upfrom Fremantle under the care of Mr. Parker were grand performers and earned many points. TheoMillerswam well to win the 110 yards breaststroke, under 19. Frank Hallom, under 14, virtually a breaststroke swimmer, did(well in the free style and breaststroke. The diminutive twelve-yearold, Peter Callernan,intheunder14breaststroke, received great applause whenhe swam intosecondplace.

Others to do well were:

Under 19: Frank Douglas and Joe Atkinson.

Under 16: Frank'.Morgan and Jim Russel. Under 14: Kevin Clarke, Jim Foley. and John Parker.

The next carnival will be held on Friday, February 23: So don't be backward, boys, if you are able to swim. Come along and give the L.C.Y. ahelp along,

\rhackol And what ahunt we are going to have on Thursday, 22nd. of this month. You have no idea the numberofcrazyclues we haveforvon to puzzle out, andnaturally we cannot be such spoil sports as to tell voumuch as we are itching to. This is how we have mapped out our programme for the evening: Everybodv to meet at the C.G.M. Rooms at 8 p.m. from where the hunt will begin. and then later supper will be served at the costof Is. in the Rooms.

Religious Profession at Victoria Square Convent e

Striving for Christian Perfection

11 Take Perpetual

The Feast of the Purification, 1945, was the occasion ofan impressive ceremony in the Chapel of the Sisters of Mercy, Victoria Square. That morning saw the fruition of many years of devoted preparation for the culminatingeventin the lifeofaReligious—the final profession, during which the perpetual vows of Obedience, Chastity and Poverty are pronounced. Each of the Sisters who took part in the ceremony claimed for her native land "The Island of Saints and Scholars," a fact which .bears eloquent testimony that the missionary spirit of St. Patrick yet burns in the hearts of his children.

The ceremony commend with the "Veni Creator Spiritus," devotionally rendered by -

the Sisters' Choir, during which the eleven aspirants to Profession entered in procession. The wearing of the white veil served as an external reminder of the purity which then were to offer to their Divine Spouse in the triple vows of Religion.

Holy Mass -was celebrated by His Grace the Archbishop, assisted by Rev. Fathers McGillicuddy and O'Farrell. At the Offertory, "Ave Maria" was apvrcpriatzly rendered by the choir in honour of the Feast of Our Lady, Patroness of the Order.

The occasional sermon was preach• edby Rev. FatherLyons, C.SS.R., who commenting on the text,"Iwill pay my vows to the Lord."congratulated the Sisters who, in a few moments, were to consecrate their lives•wholl'y to God in Religion

"By taking these vows," he said, you are entering upon astate of perfection. Your lives will henceforth be lives of ever increasing charity. God loves asoul united to Him by the vows of Religion, more than he loves ten thousand devout people who, living in the world. keep His Commandments. You ate the silver: God is the Refiner, spokenofin theOld Testament. Two women were talking one day, when one asked if it were true that asilver refiner sat and watched hiswork. The otherreplied,"Idonot know, but Ishall find out(whether it is so." Accordingly, she asked asilversmith, "Is it true, that when you are refining, you must constantly watch the metal?"

"Yes," replied the silversmith, "I watch every change in the silver as I regulate the temperature. I know when the process of refining is complete, for on looking into the molten mass. Isee my own image clearly reflected."

-

So God, the Great Refiner day by day, tempers the soul of her who as. pires to perfection until He contemplates in her aperfect image of Himself; until she has become, in the words of St. Paul,"another Christ."

Vows

So great is the efficacy of the vows that they free the Religious.from any vows that may have been taken previously. Again,the vows are agreat means of penance. St. Thomas goes so far as to say that the vows are a "second Baptism."

In conclusion,the preacher,turning to those about to be professed, said, "All of you, Iunderstand, come from the Emerald Isle. Youare thousands of miles from those who are near and dear to you; but you may be sure that God will shower abundant graces upon your dear ones. Iagain congratulate you, and hope that Australia, whither you havecome to devote your lives to God in Religion,will not let you down, but that she may provide you with the opportunity of reaching the perfection to which you aspire."

Atthe"Domine non sumdignus" the Sisters advanced in turn and each, prior to receiving Holy Communion, pronounced her perpetual vows.

The veil and ring being conferred, the ceremony concluded with the "Ecce quam bonum," during which the Religious left the choir in procession.

The Sisters who had the happiness of pronouncing their Final Vows were:

Sister M. Jude Walsh (Co. Clare),

Sister M. Senan Curtin (Co. Clare).

Sister M. Wilfrid Maloney (Clare).

Sister M.Conleth Henry (Offauy)

Sister\1. Mel O'Donohue (W. Meath)

Sister It. Virgilius Ilenchy (Clare),

Sister M. AlbertClancy (Cork).

Sister M. Norbert Greally (Cavan).

Sister M. Gregory O'Shea (Clare).

Sister M. Kilian Curtin (Clare).

Sister It. Elizabeth Doherty (Clare).

Traditional Irish National Step Dancing

The Irish :National Foresters announce that nominations for Annual Competitions, for juvenile and Open Championships, close with the Secret. ary, Air. Jim Dwyer, on February 28.

Judging of the Irish Reel and Hornpipe for the juvenile championship, and the IrishJig and Hornpipe for the open championship will take place at Keough's Hall, corner Newcastle and Stirling-streets, Perth, at 8 p.m. on Thursday, March 8. All interested are cordially invited to attend.

Finals ofSt.Patrick'sNight.

The Finals: Juvenile Championships, the Irish Jig—Open Championship, the Hornpipe—will be judged on March 17 in St.Patrick's Hall (rear of St. Patrick's Church), Parry-street Fremantle,at 8p.m. On this night there will be an exhibition dance of the Three and Four-Hand Irish Reel, instrumental and vocal items. There willbeasmall charge of Is.admission, and the proceeds will be forthe Cath6 lie Seamen's Club.

As St. Patrick's night falls on aSaturday, this truly Irish celebration of the day should receive good patronage from Perth and suburbs. Competitors whowon awards in the 1944.1945 series of Irish Step Dancing Competitions will be presented with same during evening,

ARTHUR E. DAVIES & CO.

•atholic

Social Guild

0

The Catholic Social Guild was form. ed approximately two years ago with Ecclesiastic approval to propagate Ca. tholic Social teaching.

The Church's Social Teaching is based on Man'sGodGiven rightto live and man's duty to God. It follows then that the first essential of that Right to live is that the child be born alive, then to be fed, clothed and educated,until it can do for itself, which duty mustbe accepted by the parents. We arecreated by God to attain ade. finite Destiny—Heaven—and any sys. tem which prevents or hinders us in attaining that destiny must be wrong. Parents have the Right and Duty to give their children aChristian education.

The Capitalistic State, with its high. lyindustrialised system, producing cyc. les ofunemploymentand,wars,ismore concerned with dividends than des. tiny, while the Comumnistic doctrine of the supreme State denies absolutely the very existence of God and the rights and duties of the individual.

WhilemostCatholics agree that Cap• italism is cruel and callous in its deal• ings with the worker, who is treated as aunit in the machine for the put. pose of making money, we cannot sub. scribe to the theory put forward as a remedy by the Communists. As a means of combating both these'evils, the Social Guild have undertaken the sponsoring of the Radio Session, "The Catholic Answer" and Radio Talks-"Catholic Social Teaching."

The Guild also distributes literature dealing with solutions of the social problems, andpointing out the dangers of proposedlegislation when such legis. lation conflicts with Catholic teafhing, either moral or social. It will be ob• vious that financial assitance is required to continuethisnecessary work,and while we are grateful to those members who have subscribed we appeal to those who have not yet become members, or contributed towards the movement todo so. The subscription is 26s.per year, payable either yearly, quarterly, or monthly.

There are anumber of active mem. bers whocollect subscriptions, and who would be pleased to call on you ifor that purpose, or if convenient, sub. scriptions could be left at the Social Guild Rooms, National Mutual Build. ings, St. George's Terrace Perth (2nd. floor).

The Rooms are open four 9a.m till 5p.m. The Guild members will be pleased to welcome any visitors to the Rooms, and they encourage Catholic men to pay avisit during their lunch hour.

"SELF GOVERNMENT FOR INDIMRY."

ASolution forOur Industrial Problew.

At the moment all our schemes for reconstruction are in danger of being wrecked by the bitter conflicts(post. poned only temporarily by the-war) between arigid minority of Capitalists andaviolent minority of revolutionary workers. So long as this class con. flict is permitted to weaken the national effort we shall get nowhere. The average Austialian has no real sympa. thy for eithi5r minority daction. He detests the excessesand blunderings of Capitalism, yet he need not be aMarx. Matt He opposes the regimentation and incompetence of State Socialism without feeling at all friendly towards big business or Fascism.

funeral Directors anb Embalmers

PERTH: Or. Beaufort and Bulwtr Streets. 139400.

CLAREMONT: Opposite Railway Station. F1177.

FREMANTLs: 66 Market Street. =15.

In this book "Self Government for Industry," the author sets out an ex. cellent solution for our industrial pro. blems. The proposition is the estab. lishment of Industrial Councils, the vital principle of which must be equal representation from employers and workers. Included are practical~suggestions for their formation.

"Self Government for Industry" is published by the ?Iational Secretariat of Catholic Action. It is highly re. commended for employer and worker, and any thinking man. The price is Is., and the book is obtainable at the Catholic Social Guild Offices, 81 St. George's Terrace, and also at the Catholic Central Library.

►T. DEATHS +

OLEAKY.—Of your charity, pray for the repose of the soul of Daniel John O'Leary, nvho passed'away at Merri• din, January 26, 1945 dearly beloved hushand of Pauline, and loving father of Frank, Mollie(airs, McCarthy), Gerald, Eileen (Mrs. Barnett), Kevin, Jack, Jim, Narie, Michael, Tommv and Patricia.

Eternal restgrant unto him, 0 Lord.

►Ti IN MEMORIAM ►i

iOnService.

WILLIAMS,—Always happy memories of my darling husband, Douglas. (R,A,N.) repogted missing February 12, 1945.

Ever remembered by hisloving wife, Violet. "Till we meet again."

WILLIAMS—In sad and treasured memory of Douglas (R.A.N.), reported missing, presumed-killed, Febru. ary 122, 1944, dearly loved brother of Maggie and Mick Stroud (Carnar. von), and loved uncle of Joan, Michael,Shirley and Anne.

'Most Sacred Heart of Jes us, have mercy on his soul.

IIF,LM.—In loving memory of our dear Gar, who died on February 15, 1943.

Sweet Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

—Inserted by Jean, Patricia, John, Gerard, Bryan, Desmond and Peter.

HELM. Anne Theresa.—Of your charity, pray for the repose of the soul of our darling mother whose ani versary occurs on Thursday, Febru. ary 15.

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

—Inserted by her loving family.

O'SULLIVAN;,--Of your charity, please pray fortherepose of the soul of

the dearly loved wife and mother, Sara, who departed this life at Man. jimup, February 13, 1940.

Eternal rest grant unto her, 0 Lord, and let perpetual light shine upon her.

Always remembered by her loving husband and family, Jack, Mary, Mick, Jim, Jule, Pat, Tom.

SCOTT, Mollie.—In loving memory of ourdarling Mollie, whom God called home on February 8, 1938, Requiescatin Pace.

Eternal rest grant unto her, 0Lord, and may the perpetual light shine upon her.

—Inserted by her sorrowing mother,. sisters and brothers.

i--

111111MEW—

f FOii y

DIERPERGSA'

(

The Origins • Jazz

By Rev, P.Jones, Ph.D.,Mus. Doc.Sac.

European emigrants to the U.S. broughtwiththemSongsoftheirnative loads andcomperednewones'more or fete along the assoe lines. In exile their sentimentalismeasily fellInto escog and was quickly capitalised by third-rate ootnposers with a flair for imitation and quick returns. 0081, positionssuchso"WhenIrishEyesAre Smiling"and "Don'tCry,Cherie," and so onamofthis type.

Jazz is the outcome of the meeting of different racial cultures—the Ne. groid,and the European—

under certain distinctive conditions. Both of them have this in common: They are thvoculturesin exile, the Negroid from Africa and the European,both struggling in anew millieu,the comparat`Avely new world of North America.

To take the Negroid influence first. During the period prior to the Ameri. can Civil War, when the Negroes were slaves, there were two emotional outlets to the hardships of life; one was the Saturday night meeting, particu larly in the closer settlements, when they dancednational dances and founi some escape from the drudgery of the week's work; the other wasin the nostalgic songs they sang while they worked.

Influences at Work.

With the abolition of slavery, the Negroes, though free, were still the hewers of wood and drawers of water, so that by reason of their common status they still maintained their Saturday even

ing dances and their songs , •.but withgradual modifications. Their choice of songs had been influenced by the English hymns of 19th. century Nonconformity. Their dances had Eeen influnenced by the use of European instruments, particularly those of the more por

t a

ble type—namely, the cornet, trombone. clarinet, and guitar.

These two emotional outlets of the Southern States Negrogave rise to two different types of jazz, the ragtime and the "Blues."

Dixieland.

Ragtime began in New Orleans, which at that time boasted anumber of brass bands constantly in demand for parades, festivals, andfunerals.Con . sequently there was no shortage of players for the dancessonly evarious halls of the city. Yafew of the players could read music, constant rehearsing was necessary to acquire someminimumofcohesionby ear.This combined improvisation later became known asDixieland. Tosucceed,itrequired aconsistent rhythmic, o

rrather metric, pattern with simple harmonic progressions over which the soloists could givefull vent to theirunrestrained emotions. This same frenzied abulleince naturally demanded afortissimo blare or shrillness to which the brass instruments and the clarinet easily lent themselves.

With the entrance of the U.S. into ~ the Great War, jazz found itself without ahome owing to aNew Orleans ordinance. Its next was Chicago, where, it being the era of Prohibition, it grew up in an over-sized, drink-sodden atmosphere.

"The Blues."

Besides ragtime, Negro life in the Southern States was responsible for 4 the other extreme to ragtime —

the "Blues." The "Blues" grew outof the weary songs of the Negro workers their characteristic an atmosphere al dark depression and deep despair.

The Negro took the European har. monic and melodic material and wedded it to his rhythmic designs. He horrotwed, too, the instruments of the European to express his musical emo• tions, for he had no instruments of his

own other than the various forms of drum. The musicians brought up in the European influence contributed notably to the development of jazz forms,and so arranging and scoring jazz became amajor industry. Tin Pan Alley was not slow to respond to popular demand, and the fusion of these two influences has reached its peak—up to the present at any rate— in thecompositions of Duke Ellington, such as "Mood Indigo" and "Solitude" (Canned Music).

The development of jazz would not present such aproblem to the modern world were it not for three factors independent of it—namely the gramophone,radio,and the talkies. The result isthat theentire world,particularly the English-speakingworld,is at the mercy ofahandful of musicpurveyors, radio controllers,and film producers.

In jazz the words of the songs may express sentiments which are good in themselves,even though the style is more often puerile or common,yet not onlydo many of themcondoneorglorify- what ismorally wrong,buttheyexpress sentiments which are contrary to the moral code as . we understand it.— Condensed from "The Advocate," Melbourne,Australia.

Australia'sDebtto Legion of Decency

SENATOR KEANE'S TRIBUTE IN US.A.

"Films are the most valuable aid in getting war information to the people, and what Australia owes to Hollywood for motion pictures that helped sustain the public morale when the country, unprepared and ill-equipped, was in danger ofbeing invaded by the Japanese, cannot be over-stated," said Hon. Senator Keane, Australian Minister forTrade and Customs, whorecently returned to Australia from the U.S.A., speaking at aspecial gathering of fim trade representatives at Hollywood.

In an interview with H. Mooring, of the Los Angeles "Tidings," Senator Keane, who among other offices assumes responsibility for the censorship ofmotionpicturessentbyHollywood to Australia, said:

"I have heard of the good work performed here by the Legion of Decency, and our people in Australia are just as alert.

AustralianPolicyinConcurrence,

"I am meeting His Excellency Arch. bishop Cantwell after Mass on Sunday. and while I'do not know that film cen. sorship will form any part of our con. versations, Ican say that official Aus. tralian policy, backed by influential public opinion,is in concurrence with His Excellency'sefforts to co-ordinate the operation of Hollywood's Film Production Code and the work of the Le. gion of Decency."

Senator Keane,added Mr. Mooring, expressed gratification that the Australian film censorship authority had of recent years experienced much less difficulty in regard to the moral quality of American motion pictures.

DUKE

Old clothes needed by the Society of St.Vincent de Paul for distribution tb the poor. Parcels may be left at"The Record"Office, 45o Hay-street, Perth.

He could not say in what measure this was due to Hollywood'sself-impos. ed Production Code or how much improvement should be credited to the Legion of Decency. "In fact,he suggested that as an observer living on the spot, Iprobably knew the answer better than he did. If he is right, I would say that remarkable and coincidental improvement in the moral quality and, entertainment value of theatrical films has been achieved by intelligent co-operation between Father John Devlin,working through the Legion of Decency onthe one hand, and Joseph I.Breen,head of the Code Administration,working through the in . dustry on the other."

Rod

KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL,

Cnr. HANN,,N & NETHERCOTT STS., KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR .... Proprietor.

?hone 1!... .. .. .. Box 114. AUSTRALIA HOTEL, KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St.Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooms.

Refrigeration Throughout. Only Lack-Up Oarages in the Centre of Town. M. J. DILLON,licensee.

FREEMASONS HOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent Cuisine. Amatice Refrigerator Installed Old and New Friends are Cordially Welcomed. MRS. E. WING, Proprietress.

STAN. O'BRIEN, COURT HOTEL PERTH.

'Phone: B4261.

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE. Overlooking the Ocean. Superior Accommodation.

Moderate Charges.

M. BYRNE (Late of Grand and Shamrock Hotels, Boulder).

VICTORIA HOTEL, HAYSTREET, SUBIACO. Renovated Throughout, Essence of Comfort. W. F. ARTIS, Proprietor. (Lateof BalmoralHotel;Vic. Park)

KEOUGH'S for CATERING

Any Number,Place,or Time.

ThreeReception Rooms for Hire. On Hire: Crockery, Cutlery and Glassware, etc. 'Phone: B9454. GLAD KEOUGH. NEWCASTLE ST.. PERTH.

Make

will find these materials delightfully easy to make up and the results will thrill you.

Felt is another exciting medium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It is on sale in Foy's Homecraft Section in many lovely colours. Here is agrand opportunity for you to save money by making your own Christmasgifts this year.

L,'IL a

His daughter had justfinished playing adifficult piano piece.

"What do you think of my daughter's execution?" he asked afriend.

•"I'm in favour of it," said -

the friend.

Guide:"This castlehas stood for500 years. Not astone has been touched nothing altered,nothing replaced."

•7isitor:UmIThey must have the same landlordwehave." I"

Customer: "Hey, waiter,this steak is burntblack."

Waiter:"Yes, sir—amark of respect —our head waiter died this morning."

Officer:"What'sthe big idea? What are you mendoing,climbingtrees and crawling through the bushes?"

Private: "Well, sir,wecamouflaged thegunbefore lunchand now wecan't find it."

"Say." said the woman customer over the telephone,"the next time I orderchicken don'tsendmeanymore aeroplane fowl."

"What do you mean—aeroplane fowl?"said the butcher.

"You know what Imean;all wings and machinery and no body."

♦

♦ • •

WHY?

One of the Head Planners recently went "up north"and stayed overnight in the black man's country. He noticed in the morning "Jacky" lolling near the door of the station.

"Jacky,whydon'tyougodown town andget ajob in afactory?"

"Why?" asked Jacky.

"Well, you could earn some money."

"Why?" persisted Jacky.

"Well, ifyouworked hardandsaved you couldhaveabankaccount."

"Why?" repeated Jacky.

"For heaven'ssake!" shouted the Planner. "With abank account you could retire,and then

you wouldn't have to work any more.'

"Not workin'now," pointed out Jacky.

# * *

Apostal official was sent to inquire into Smith'scomplaint,Smith answer• ed the bell.

"I understand," said the official, "that you refuse to pay for the 152 telephone calls with which you have been charged?"

"I do."

"But, my dear sir,that's absurd. What is your complaint?"

"I haven'tgot atelephoneI" # *

POUTZ RZBUKZ.

In Chesterfield'sday, London streets were withoutthe pavements of to-day, and theman who "took thewall's had thedriestfooting.

"I never give way to a scoundrel," growled aman who met Lord Chesterfield onedayin the street.,

"I always do," said Chesterfield, stepping aside with abow into the road.

♦ * ♦

The speaker, engaged to lecture in asmall town,arrivedin the afternoon. Theplaceseemedpoorlyprovidedwith bills, and he thought he would find out if people knew anything about whatwas in store for them. He en. tered agrocer'sshop.'"Good afternoon," he said to aman behind the counter. "Any entertainment going on here to-night? Anything that will help me to while away an evening,"

The shopkeeper gazed athis interro• gator, wiped his hands, and then replied slowly:"Well, Iexpect there's going to be alecture. I've been selling eggs all day."

When the inspecting general came on parade,the battalion did its best to smarten up, but the attempt was apoorone.

The men look half asleep;' snapped the General."and it'sonly mid-day. What is wrong?"

"Well, sir, they've been standing on parade for some time," replied the colonel.

"What d'you mean? My orders were clear. Parade at mid-day on Tues. day."

"Iknow, sir,but this is Wednesday," said the Colonel.

The head of the house was reading anewspaper article very carefully. When he ,

had finished,he remarked to his wife:"Do youknow,dear, Ithink there's'something'in what this article says-that the clevernessof the father often proves astumbling-block to the His wifeheaved asighofrelief.

••Well, thank goodness," she said, ourBobbywon'thaveanythingtofall.overI

The game between Yale and Notre Dame wasin fullswing,and -

the play. ers'on both teams were determined thattheirside wouldchin. '

"About the middle of the third quar. ter of the game, atthe request of the Yale centre,time,was called.• Then, walking up to the referee;the Yale man said,"Look here,'Mr. Referee, I.don't life to complain,but everytime we get tangled up in a scrimmage play that big Irish centre bites me. Whatdo you think Ishould do about it?"

"Well," snapped the referee,"the only thing Ican advise is that you play him only on Fridays."

Asoldier went to his colonel and asked for leave to go home and help his wife with her spring-cleaning. "I don'tliketorefuseyou,myman,"said the C.O.,"but,as amatter of fact, I've just had a letter from your wife saying that you are no help to herwithspring-cleaning,andaskingme nottogiveyouleave."

At the door bestopped,turned and remarked,"Colonel,there are two peo-_A► ple in this regiment who handle the truth loosely, and I'm one of them. I'm not married."

Absent-minded Professor: "Constable, I've lost my umbrella."

Constable:"Why, it's hanging on your arm."

Professor:"Dear me,so it is. If you had not told me, Ishould have gone homewithout it."

*

Customer (after long waiting): "Waiter, have you ever been to the Zoo?"

Waiter:"No, sir."

"Well,'you ought to go. You would enjoy seeing the tortoise whizz past „ *

First Hawker (outside picture dealer's window):"Who was this'ere Nero,Bill? Was he achap that wase' always cold?"

Second Hawker: "No, that was Zero, another bloke altogether."

34ORB HOWLZU.

"A cosmeticissomething thatmakes you sick;"

"Elocution is how they put people to deathinAmerica." •

"Beethoven composed sympathies r because he went deaf."

"Vocation iswhenpeoplego towork on theirholidays."

"Bacchus wag the god of the bookmakers."

"So you told Mrs. Smith,did you? AndwhatdidMrs.Smithsay?"defending counsel asked the witness.

The opposing counsel objected to the question as irrelevant,and along and heated argument took place between the two lawyers. At last the judgeintervenedandallowedthe question to be put.

'Now;' exclaimed the triumphant counsel to the witness, "what did Mrs. Smith say?"

Nothin'," was the reply.

The married couple were quarrelling again.

"It's women like you," said be, bitterly,"thatmake men turnto drink!"

"Huhl" said she. "You don't nerd toturn—you'djustgostraightahead!"

"I'veanotion to giveyouapiece of mymind."

"Okay, but first you'dbetterlet me call acertain scientist Iknow to help you.. ,

"A scientist?"

"Yeah, aguy who knows how to split atoms."

Dear Cornerites,—Well, Lent begins this week,and Iexpect you have all made up your minds what you are going to do without for this year. Most children deny themselves sweets or perhaps take no sugar in their tea, but the Other day Iheard alittle boy asking another what he was doing for Lent. The little chap said,"Not eating any lollies,Jimmy. Mostly, you can't buy 'em anyway!" So he won't have as much temptation this year as hemighthave hadotheryears,willhe? Cornerites, Iwant you to make aspe. cial effort to make this the best Lent you've passed. All those little things you deny yourself add up to a big whole,yoq know,and Ws ever so good for you, yourself.

*

AUNT BESSY.

219 Roberts-road,Subiaco.

Dear Aunt Bessy,This is my first letter to you, and Iwould like to be one of yournieces. Iam twelve years

ESSY'sNICCES. -

old and Igo to Sacred Heart High School, Highgate. Ihave alittle sis. ter who is seven and -

alittle brother five. Iwould like you to send me a prick card,and Iwill try to fill it as quickly as possible.—Your loving niece,

LEONIE ROSMAN.

Dear Leonie,—Iam pleased to welcome you to the Corner along with all my other niecesand nephews,and I'm sure they'{tl be pleased to welcome you too. Are your little sister and brother going to join the Corner too? You didn't tell me what their names are. Ihave already posted you a prick card,Leonie,and Ithink it is verymceof youtofill itfor the Bushies,

AUNT BESSY, * r • Scarborough.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find enclosedP.N. forspecialintentions. Wishing you and the Corner every success for 1945. L. M. D.

Dear L.M. D.,—Many thanks for your very kind donation and good wishes. May your intentions be granted.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find wee donation, given in honour of St. Anthony,—Yours sincerely, CLIENT OF ST. ANTHONY.

Dear K.,—It.wasgood of you indeed to remember the Bushies' Corner. I am sure St. Anthony will remember you, too.

AUNT BESSY.

Namban.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Iam writing to let you see Ihave not forgotten you. We are having some hot weather now. Iwill be going into third class at school this year. It was Daddy's and ury birthday on lastFriday. We had :ny brother Keith home for Christmas. My brother Allen, who is in the Army, is in New Britain. My sister SheilawasmarriedonJanuary24. Mar• •!aret Lanigan, who is my cousin, as wellas Laurel's,isstillin the Children's Hospital. She has been in hospital for along time. We feel very sorry for her. Will you send me aprick ear,

" Hope you and the Bushies are wel;. With love.—Your loving niece.

LORRAINE BUTLER.

,

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In full colours, various subjects, including- Sacred Heart,Imbaculate Heart, Pleading Heart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena.

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In full colours. Varioussubjects.including: Sacred Heart, Immaculate Heart, PleadingHeart,Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena,St, Peter,St. Paul, St. Anne.

SizeWin. x7iin. 2/-each; 22/- dozen.

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and 1have not been able to fill it. Would you please send me two more cards? Please, Aunt Bessy, would you try to find me apen friend, about 12 or 13 years of age. My favourite hobbies are swimming, bike riding, music and sports. Do you remember Carmel Hickey? Shesaidsheused to write to you;she helped me fill mY card. Iwill have to close now. Hoping youeverysuccess.

THELMA FRAYNE.

Dear Lorraine,—Ihave been expecting aletter from you for some time, but then Ithought that you must have been away on holidays and en• joying yourself far too much to spare time to write,so Iwas very pleased when your letter came last week. Wasn'tit nice to have Keith home for Christmas. How Allen would have likedto have beenhometoo. Ididn't know Margaret was your cousin, too, Lorraine. Iwas only asking Laurel how she was last time she wrote. I will ask the Bushies to pray again for her recovery. Well, Lorraine, Ihave posted you aprick card, which you should have already received. AUNT BESSY, s r 11 Hehir-street,Belmont.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find en• closedpostal notefor2/6, fortheBushies' Scheme. Iam forwarding this in thanksgiving for a favour received through prayer to St.Anthony. Wishing you every success in your work.— Yours sincerely,

ANOTHER AUNTY:'

Dear "Aunty;"—St. Anthony is certainly aworthy helped to the Bushies' Cause. He starts in January and doesn't finish till December,and is, I think,ourmostconstantpatron among theSaints. Thankyou for your kindness. AUNT BESSY. # r • Sunbury..

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Yesterday Ireceived very good news., Ipassed mY Theory exam.with 100 per cent. Angela got 95.per cent.in hers. Our Christmas vacation isnearly over, and we goback toschoolonTuesday, Feb. ruary 6, but I'm not really sorry, II am forwarding 2/6 and my prick card. I'm sorry Idid not fill it sooner, butI have been abit sick for the last week

_•

el V

pleased indeed to hear that you did so well in the Theoryexam. Congratulations to both you and Angela. Yes, Iremember Carmel. Thelma,though it is quite along time now since she has written to me. Ihope you Brill get anice pen friend. Ihave put your name in the column.

AUNT

BESSY.

r r •

Plat FREOMI

Thelma Frayne,of ,

14 Tuartstreet Sunbury, would like apen friend of twelve or thirteen. Thelma'shobbies are swimming,bike riding,music and sports.

Bfigidine Convent;

SNIam

Examination Result's, 1944

JUNIORPUBIM.

VERONICA BELL: Five subjects.

SHIRLEY DICKINSON: Five sub. jects.

ELAINE WRIGHT: Six subjects. UNIVERSITY OF WESTERI

AM TB,ALIA.

Pianoforte:

GRADE III.—Credit: Molly Guilfoyle (66).

GRADE IV.--Pass: Anne Cooke (72), Joan Cooke (66).

GRADE V,--Credit: Margaret McGhie (82), JoanMcPhee (81),ThelmaCasserly (81), Pat Ridgwell (76), Kenneth Tate (76), Betty Logan (75).

Pass: Dierde Wheeler (72).

GRADE VI.—Honours: Naomi McCle. ments (85). Credit: Judith Smith (78), Jacqueline Magee (78), Bernice Tonkin (77), Robert Campbell (76), Valerie Durrant (75). Pass: Patricia Tate (72), Dawn Skehan (67).

PREPARATORY: Anne Moignard (87), Margaret Heron (86), Mary Hodge (85), jean Oockrane (84), Eileen Healy (83), Judith Evans (83), Maureen Miller (83), Denise Gardner (82). VenedaSheppard (80), John Bulbeck (78), Patricia Budden (76).

singing: GRADE III.—Credit: Daisy Flynn (80).

GRADE IV.—Pass: Joy Moore (70).

MusicalPerception:

GRADE IV.—Honours: Daisy *Flynn (86).

GRADE V.—Honours: Patricia Ridg. well

(',:), Joan Cooke (94), JacquelineMagee (94) Credit: n Betty Logan (81), Thelma Casserly (80), Naomi McClements (78), Bernice Tonkin (78), Thelma Snelling(78) Valerie Durrant (75).

Theory

ofMusie:

GRADE IV.—Honours: Molly Guilfoyle(85).

GRADE V.—Honours: Thelma Casserr ley (96), Joan Cooke (91), Dierdre Wheeler (91). Credit: Anne Cooke (77).

GRADE VI.—Honours: Anne Mofg nard (100), Naomi McClements (99), Pat Ridgwell (98); Judith Evans (98), Margaret Heron (95), Betty Logan (95), Valerie Durrant (94), Jacqueline Magee (94), Joan McPhee (92), Bernice Tonkin (92), Dawn Skehan (88). Pass: Thelma Snel. ling (73), Judith Smith (65).

TRINITYCOLLEGE OF MUSIC, LONDON.

,Art of Speech: JUNIOR—Honours: Mary Hodge (88), Maureen Rule (85), Noeline Silver. lock (85), Margaret Kelly (85).

ADVANCED PREPARATORY—

Honours: Mary Monaghan (91), Nonie Tracy (85).

PREPARATORY—Honours: Margaret McGhie (85). Merit:LorraineChip per (83).

UNIVERMY OF WESTERN

AAU& TRATTa

GRADE IV—Credit: Margaret Hegney (79).

GRADEV.—Credit: Jobn.McPhee (79)

GRADE VI.—Credit: Zema Everett (77).

A GORGEOUS MONTH.

You will always regard February as It gorgeous month if you win the first prize,£2000 ; Dressed Poultry READY FORTHE OVEN, ALWAYSAVAILABLE AT— MACFARLANE &CO. LTD. 48MURRAY STREET. 'PHONES: B3777; B1438 HOTELS — CAFES — TEAROOMS SUPPLIEDBY SPECIAL SERVICE, — MILK— HONEY —BUTTER— BACON — ALLDAIRY PRODUCESUPPLIED. -State Sawmills = SPECIALISE IN LOCAL TIMBERS , STATE PRESSED BRICKS ,. AND Other Builders'-Requisites 306 MURRAY ST., PERTH Also at Country and Metropolitan Yards. I

Soviet Clear and Loud on Post-War Plans

Two Important Documents

Boston.—The Polish Catholic Agency has issued the following feature concerning the post-waraims of Soviet Russia.

Thewide circles ofpublicopinion include many suppositions on Russia's post-war programme. Amajority of them are based on apopular but entirely erroneous principle. It isgenerally felt that while officially and exteriorally Russia has co-ordinated her point of view with that of American and England, in reality such co-ordination is merely amask for her real aims, unknown to the general world.

Thisjudgment, very popular inboth theUnited Statesand Europe, is without foundation. As amatter of fact, up to the present Soviet Russia ha< not adjusted her views on the organisation of the post-war world to those of her Allies. Neither has she mask. ed her real plans and aims; on the contrary, she presents them to the world in quite aloud and distinct manner.

To find proof'for these assertions, one needonly become acquaintedwith the contents of twodocuments,which, in spite of their great importance, are very little known to the public opinion.

The first document is three years old. It is dated September 24, 1941 —six weeks after the signing of the Atlantic Charter—and was presented to the inter-Allied Council in London.

It was the answer of Soviet Russia to the Atlantic Charter, and avery clear one. In this declaration, Soviet Russia rejected the first article of the charter directed against"any effort of aggrandisement, territorial or other," This is quite understandable, because the main idea of the Soviet Republic is agradual expansion of the union of Sovietpeoples. '

Rejecting the principles of the first articleof theAtlanticCharter,the So-viet declaration advocatesinstead that each nation have the right to"choose its social system." If this is to be construed as the rightofevery nation to national independence, it can be only the "independence" which, as it pointed out in numerous official So viet publications, is possessed by the individual red republics. In fact, so far as terminology is concerned, the Soviet Government still regards as in. dependent the three Baltic republics which they have annexed.

The Soviet doctrine, frequently expressedby press and radio and in uni•

versity circles, holds that the smaller nations only obtain real independence after they have been annexed by the Soviet Union. Then, it is pointed out, with the Soviet guarantee ofprotection-and defence, they are independent.

We can see this Soviet declaration of September24, 1941, sets up itsown kind of Atlantic Charter, and leaves no doubt as to the essential post-war aims ofMoscow.

An article by aMr. N. Malinin recently published in the Leningrad "Zwierda," is a still more concrete and distinct formulation of Russia's plans. Appearing in the Sovietcontroled press at the eve of the AngloAmericanSoviet conference on peace aims at Georgetown, it takes on specialsignificance.

Mr:1Marlinin—in whom we tend to see more than afaint resemblance to formerAmbassador Litvinow, putsforward quite openly three basic principles.

Thefirstone states that thedecisions inorganisingthe post-warworldshould be in the hands of the "big powers" which have shown their greatness, strength, and stability during the pre. sent war. The second stands against "falseequality" of smaller nations, leaving them merely the right of codecision"relative to the influence and sizeofanation."

The third of Mr. Malinin's principles shamelessly puts forward the idea of "regional responsibility" of big powers —in other words, the plan of dividing the world into spheres of influence. Is it possible to make one's plans and aimsmoreclear?

Contrary to popular belief, Soviet Russia even in theory is not resorting to camouflage. Not only the

policy but the plans of Soviet Russia are frankly stated. She openly proclaims her will to create after the war an enormous "sphere of influence," She neglects only to give official notice of the size and boundaries of the territories to be allotted to her. How• ever, we have well-founded idformation that she intends them to reach westwardintotheheartofEuropeand eastward to embrace in one way or another the greaterpart ofAsia.

Thatsheiswellonherwayisshown by the fact that already one-quarter of China isaSoviet republic, and the Russian influence in India is daily increasing.

SHAMEFUL TREATMENT

"Fate without some sense ofsbame," the "London Universe" has observed, "are waiting for the Polish Government to resolve its tragic dilemma."

"The situationappearto be that the price of continued British support is the surrender of half the territory of the country and its agreement to annex parts of Germany as'compensation; the "Universe" continues.

"Nobody, so far as we know, has questioned the observation of the Randolph Knapp (WA.O.A.).

aom-?Bimm OPTIMAN, 12 ATWELL ARCADE, lRZKANTLs L1582.

Dutch Government that it cannot be expected to make territorial decisions before the country has been consulted. Why is the case of the Polesunique?

Because Marshal Stalin says so. When the editor of the'Spectator' describes thepositionas'sinister'he isusinglanguage with which nine out of ten peo• ple agree.

"We do not know whether .Poland can be saved now. Humanly speaking, it appears doubtful. But does anybodybelieve that thisis theend of the story? Unless all past history is delusive we are simply at the beginning of aseries of humiliations. For let us make no mistake; it is Great Britain that is humiliated."

Feeling in Australia is very much the same among people with aknow. ledge of the facts.