The Record Newspaper 31 January 1945

Effectiveness will Depend on

a and a•

Legislative ,

Administrative Council Difficulties of'Co-Operation -

in. International Law-Making

.DistributingWorld Markets and_ Revising Protective Tariffs

13c\10NSIG1°OR JOHN'A. RYAN.

There

are three aspects of an international postwar organisation—ethical, political and economic.

'1he must important ethicalaspect of •an international organisation is that it is demanded by the moral law.

Themostimportantpolitical implications of this moral obligation can be expressed in two general and f

three specific propositions.

The former are:

First, the international organisation will require more comprehensive scope and power than was possessed by the League of Nations;butitmustnotattempt to exercise all the powers of a unitary superstate.

Second, it will require all the individual States to give up a considerable degree of national sovereignty.

Specific Proposals.

The three specific propositions describethe threeessentialelementsof an internation; ,

lorganisation,namely, a court, apolice force,and alegislativeadministrative council.

Of these thejudiciary isthe one that makes the greatest appeal, and raises the smallestobjection.

In large part,this is due to the tact that two such bodies have been in existence for many years,and haveoperated with considerable success. These are the Courtof Arbitration and of International Justice, set up at The Hague, in 1899 and 1922,and the Permanent Court of International Justice, ' established in connection with the League of Nations.

The international court should be empowered to adjudicate all disputes, without exception either as to nation or as to subject matter.

Undoubtedly,the most difficult situations confronting the court will be those involving aggression.

In such cases , it is obvious that no member of the court who happens to be acitizen of any of the interested States should participate.

The second arm or element of an international organisation, amely, the physical power to enforce itsr

d" is the one that provokes the greatest amount _of objection, scepticism and flippancy.

The international police force would •be composed of the nationals of many lands. Rebels against its authority would find themselves opposing not merely oneor two nationalities against ehich they might bear ancient grudges. but the representatives of many countries with which they had never had aquarrel.

The most serious cause of inferno• tional friction,namely, aggression by oneStateagainstanother,couldbepre• vepted byother sanctions than guns, bombsandtorpedoes.

Economic embargoes and boycotts and the effective threat thereof, could be soorganised andoperated as to ran• der acts of aggression extremely rare.

Mostofthepreventivepolicing would beperformedby the hattlrshipand the airplane bomber,rather than the soldier's rifle or the patrolman's club. In. deed,some authorities believe that sufficient military sanctions could he provided by an international air force, recruited by voluntary enlistment.

LegislativeBody..

An administrative-legislative organ is indispensable. 1f the nationsare to collaborate to prevent wars and pro' mote in otherways heir common wel• fare, they will require some rules to define the methods and extent of their co-operation.The existing structure of international law is obviously inspffici• ant forthispurpose.

The assumption that aworld court might take the place of alegislative body,through decisions rendered and precedents created in particular cases, may be forthwith dismissed as imprac• ticable andundesirable,

How much lawmaking power should be entrusted to the international legislature? Obviously,not enough to usurp any of thedomestic functions of

the rational Parliaments. In other words, the world legislature should deal only with those matters that aEtect lore than„one nation. That is, the relations between one and another, and their common welfare.

Taking up th economic aspects of ill subject, Iq•ote astatement from Pope Pius XII.'s Encyclical,"Sertum Laetitiae;" ofNovember 1,1939.

The,IIoly Father said: "The goods which werecreatedbyGod for all men, should flaw in an equitable manner to all, according to the principles of jus• rice and charity."

The most important feature of this proposition is the implicationthat God slid notapportionpropertyrights along national or politicallines. Ile did not conferexclusiverightstoanyportionof the earth upon any people who leap• pen to occupyany region at any given time.

To be sure,the nationals of every State have a prior claim upon the created goods within its boundaries, but their claim is not absolute or ex. elusive. Thecommonrightofmankind to the natural resources of aparticular country is sometimes superior to the right of the country's inhabitants.

In his Christmas message, December 21, 1941,Pius XiI, declared: Within the limits of anew order founded on moral principles, there is no place for-that cold and calculating egoism which lends to herd the economicresourcesandmaterials destinedfortheuseofalltosuch an

Oxtent

thatthe na

tions

lessfavouredby nature are not permitted access to them.

WorldMarkets.

This proposition is acorollary and application of the one quoted above from "Sertum Laetitiae." It is ire• quently expressed,for example, in the Atlantic Charter, as the right to access to raw materials. To this principle is sometimes ascribed an economic efficacy which it does not possess. AcordinR to some prominent persons, all that is needed to bring about full em• plopment of capital and labour every where is"tree access to raw materials, and to allmarketsand trade routes,"

This is too simple. It leaves outof account the present situation in which too many countries are competing with one another in the production of certain staple commodities.

An international authority will have to distribute the world demand for certain mass•production staples among those mass-production countries whose

Police Force

combined potential output exceeds the capacity of the world market.

In other words,market quotas will have to be allocated to several comparing countries,in accordance with theirrespective needs and capacities in the world economy.

To be sure,the principle laid down by the Holy Father would applyspecifically to several practices which are unjust and harmful, and which are easily susceptible of correction.

Many raw materials are controlled by monopolistic combinations,either national or international. As examples of national combinations,some of which.no longer exist, indeed, may be cited the Chilian control of sodium nitrate, the Japanese monopoly of camphor, and the American Aluminium Company's control of bauxite; among the international comb?nations the Franco-German potash syndicate, the bismuth cartel, the copper export cartel, and the international zinc cartel. Tariffs Must 00.

As arule, these raw-material combinations do not behave more generously towards foreign purchasers than du monopolistic concerns in control of manufactured products when dealing with their fellow-citizens. They charge "all that the traffic will bear:'

The whole system of protective tarills ought to be drastically revised everywhere. All high tariff rates should be p;omptly and considerably reduced. In those countries whoseresourcesare too meagre to supporttheir population,without some kind of artificial stimulus,the tariffs should be supplanted by subsidies. All these changes would promote the common gnarl and socialjustice.

CONTRACEPTIVES THE CHIEF ENEMY

"Nut Nazism •:r Communism, but contraceptives are the chief eneW of Britain," said Dr.Halliday Sutherland, in aslashing indictment of the . trade in contraceptives, during an addressin the Albert Hall,Leeds,recently. The ramp behind the contraceg five trade should be exposed, be ur listed. He had searched in vain to find the names tlf the people behind the racket. They hid their identity in holding companies, a pracedurt which should be made illegal. AL the last census,said Dr.Sutherland, there were more than one million childless marriedcouples inEnglandand Wales.

According to the Beveridge Report, "With its present rateof reproduction, the British race cannot continue' meansofreversing the recentcourseof the birthrate must be found."

Christ Claimed to be Eternal and to

By Rev. E. Sullivan, D.D., D. Ph.

Have Divine Knowledge and Power

Did Our Lord Make Baptism aNecessary Condition for Salvation?

How was the Good Thief

Saved Without it?

Church Maintains Universal

Teaching o Apostles

Thereupon the Evangelist tells us tureen th e e

the Jews sought all the more

to kill an

ffect o

fCh r

ist

' s

Sacr

ifice

dthe efficacy of the Sacrament of Ilim, for not only had He broken the Baptism. On the contrary, the Sac.

i Sabbath, but also had made Himself rame n

to

fBapt

ism

"equal to God," Did Christ disclaim from theBlood o

der

fCh r

ives

its efficacy

i s

t. As

Ch r

ist such an intention?. No, His answer by His death wongrace again for the was: human race, it,is for Him to say how

"Amen, amen, Isay unto you: the thatgrace is tobegiven tomen.

1

8•) Kingdom of Heaven." .

such is the

Son cannot do anything of himself, Q.: "In Luke 16, 16-17, we read Our but what lie seeth the Father doing:. LordandSavioursaying:"Sufferlitfor what things soever he doth, these tle children to coarse to me and for. theSonalsodoth inlikemanner.' (v, bid them not; for of

Then Ile claimed activities which

"Amen, Amen, Isay to you: before Furthermore, in the Old Testament, clearly belong to God alone. For ex. A,: This text and the parallel texts Abrahamwas madeIam." "Idm" is one of God's names. We ample: "For as the Father raiseth up which you quote are not concerned Jesus Christ claimed to be God by read in Exodus, chap. 3, v. 14: "God the dead, and giveth life so the Son with the question of thebaptismoff in. H stating that ehadan unchangedand said to Moses: Iam, Who am': Ile also giveth life to whom Ile will."(v, fants; theydo not prove that Baptism unchangeable nature; in other words, said:'Thus shall thou say to the chit- 21.) is

then, not only is unnecessary. If they did why J dren of Israel: Ile who is bath sent yclaimed to be would Our Lord elsewhere insist oa .that Ile was eternal. the promised Messias; He also claimed the necessity of Baptism? The mean. Ile claimed also Divine Knowledge. me to you. ,

ov.Lord o 1. Jesus claimed to be eternal,

" to be God. He claimed to beGod in ing of these texts is explained by the 2, JesusclaimedDivine Knowledge. the presence of the Apostles, in the y Ile claimed also Divine Power, furtherswords of Christ:"Amen, Isa We read

Luke,chap. er

"I.confess to thee, O Father, Lord of presence of the Pharisees, before the to you: whosoever shall not receive InJohn,chap.8,vv.3159,wereadan (leaven and earth; because Thou hast Supreme Council of the Sanhedrin: He the Kingdom of God as achild shal account of the colloquy between Jesus hidden these things from the wise and claimed to be eternal, to have Divine not enter into it. We have asort of and agroup of the Jews in which He prudent and hast-revealed them to Knowledge, to exercise divine power. brief commentary df these words from claimed that His teaching should be little ones.

Yea Father forsoithath St. Paul: "Brethren, do not become accepted as true because it came from seemed good

i n Thy

ivered to me

sight. All things *

children in sense, but in maHce be God, while they raised objections to are del

by my

Fat

her;

children ,

and in sense he perfect" (I. Hisclaims. Amongotherthings they andnooneknowethwhotheSonisbut AChristian, Donnybrook: Cor., 14, 20.) The meaning is that spoke of Abraham as their father. the Father; andwho the Fatherisbut Q "Baptism is not salvation. The allwhoseek the KingdomofGodmust Jesus said to them: "Amen, amen, I the Son, and towhom the Son

will re- only way to Heaven is through the be childlike in simplicityand purity of say to you: if any mankeepMy word veal Him." Blood ofChrist. That i8

whyChrist heart. he shall not see death for ever." (v, The argumentmay be put thus: No died; BBaptism saves us Christ 51.) At this they ridiculed Him, say- one knows the nature of the Soo but neednothavedied," ing that Abraham and the prophets the Father. No one knows the A. Before answering this objection, were dead, and asking if He made nature of the Father but the Son, it 1must note your remark that you do Himselfgreater than these. Jesus re- belongs to theSon tomakethe Father not require arepetition of Catholic plied:'Abraham your father, rejoic- known by revelat

ion. But the Fat

her

teac

hi ng a

bou

t c

hild ren w

ho

di e un

ed that he mightsee my day: he saw is God. baptised; that you have heard it al• it and was glad (v. 56.1

Therefore this is adirect claim to ready in this Session and undersjood

They retorted that IIe was not yet Divine Knowledge, since it is clear it; that you, however,disagree with it, fifty years old and could not have thatby theSon Testismeant Himself. Now to your objection. seen Abraham. Jesus replied:"Amen 3,JesusclaimedDivine,Powers, The necessity of Baptism is enjoined amen, Isay to you, before Abraham We read inJohn, Chan.5, v. 16, that by Christ. We have the words used .was made, Iam." (v. 58.) Now, "I the Jews persecuted Christ because by Orr Lord in Hisconversation with am" means existence, and, in the con- Ile hadhealed aman, at the pool call. Nicodemus as recounted in the third text, since Jesus "is" before the time ed Probatica on theSabbath Day. chapter of St. John: "Unless aman be of Abraham, it follows that He un- "Put Jesus answered them, saying: born again of water and the Holy changed existence by reason of His My Father worketh until now; and I Ghost, he cannot enter the Kingdom work" (v. 17). of God." (John 3, v. 5.)

Answer of Laubrhan

now joined and Pank

(W.A.).Ltd.

Furthermore, Christ gave acommission to His Apostles:"Going therefore teach ye all nations, baptising them in the name cif the Father and the Son and the holy Ghost." (Matt. 28, v. 191. In the parallel passage of Markwe read:"Ile that believeth and is baptised shall-be saved: but he that believeth not shall be condemned."(I\lark 16, v. 16.)

From these texts it is clear that the normal way to Christ and Salvation is by •^a•,tism. Our Lord's words to Nicodtuns show that Baptism isneces. sary`ngain the Kingdom of Heaven. This teaching of Christ is universal in rh" teachingof theApostles, St. Pnul says: "One body and one spirit ns you are called in one hope of your calling: one Lord, one Faith, one paptism." (Eph. 4, 4-5.) And again•"As many as of you as have been hapti.wo in Christ, have put on Christ."(Gal. 3, 2-7.)

In these and other similar texts the Apostle•teaches the need of incorpora•

tion with Christ: thatincorporation is effected by Baptism.

It is true that theonly way to Heaven is through-

Q.:"Inyouranswers topreviousquestions, you said that unless Baptism was performed no one could enter Heaven. What happens to Christ's promise to the thiefon theCross?"

A.: In all probability the precept of Baptism did not come into operation before Christ's death. After Christ's Passion and Resurrection—as St. Thomas holds, or at latest after Pentecost—as some theologians hold, this precept became binding on all mankind. In any case Christ who enjoined the necessity cif the Sacrament ofBaptism, could havegiven thegrace of that Sacrament freely to the penitent thief. Anddonotthink that this answer is quibbling. Actually it outlinesGod'swayofdealingwith men of good will who do notreceive Baptism either because they do not know of it or because they are unable to receive it, which Nprobably the real object of your question. The teaching of the Church is that such men of good will maybesavedby BaptismofDesire.St. Paul writes: "\Without faith it is impossible to please God, for he that cometh toGodmustbelieve that He is, and is arewarder to them that seek iiim."(Ileb.,chap.11,v.6.)

Belief in the existence of aSupreme Being and man's duty to Him is the absolute minimum of faith required. With it will go love.of God, and sorrows for sins committed against Him. This love of God will include awish to carryoutGod'scommandments and consequently an implicitdesire of Baptism.

In all thiswe have the reconciliation of two certain revealed truths, viz., that God desires the salvation of all men and gives to all su6itient grace for salvation: and the necessity of Baptism.

WANTED TO BUY: Stoves, Woo4 v Gas;PlainandOldRoofIron,oovpem Hasten. Best Prices RingBW.

Jesus Did Not Command Any Form of Baptism CatholicChurchRecognises3PracticesasValid

*Does the-Sermon on the Mount Deny the Necessity of Confession?

All Repetition of Prayers is Not "Vain"

L Moore,Harvey:

Q.: "Ihave listened to your Session with keen interest. But there is onequestion Iwouldlike explained: Iunderstand you to say that the Catholic Church recognises that Baptism as practised in the New Testamentdayswas bybelievers'Immersion. Icannot understand the Catholic position in modifying this command,"

A.: It is true that baptism by immersion was the generalpractice in the earlyChurch,in New Testamenttimes, as you say. Indeed it was the mode of Baptism more commonly used for the first twelve centuries of Christianity; St,Thomas Aquinas, in his "Summa" of Theology, discusses the question whether or not immersion is necessary for true Baptism.

Itisnottrue to say that Baptism by immersion was a command. Christ speaks of"being borq again of water and the Holy Ghost (John 3, v. 5) of

Baptism in the name of the IIoly Trinity (Alatt. 18,v. 10), of Faith and Baptism being necessary to salvation (Mark 16, v. 17). Nowhere does He command any form of Baptism.

The Church teaches that Baptism may be administered in any one of threesways,viz., by immersioninwater, by infusion or the pouring of water, by aspersion or sprinkling with water, The second method—infusion—is the method now in common use. Any .one of these ways is allowed because what is necessary in Baptism is ablution by water—that is what the theologians call the proximate matter of the Sacrament. That ablution by water is the outward sign which signi-

fies cleansing from sin. It is essential that the water touches one of the principal members of the body in such away that atrue ablution may be said to have taken place. This is effected ininfusion when the waterflows so as to touch successively-portions of the body; in aspersion when the water touches several portions simultaneously.

Q.: "But what of the Methodist and other religious bodies who practise infantsprinklinginplaceofbelievers' immersion? Do they find their authority in the New Testament? Or do theyfollow the early teaching of the Catholic Church?"

A.: From the answer to your first question you can see for yourselfwhat Scripturah authority these religious bodies have for the practice of"infant sprinkling"as you call it. Such Baptism is valid provided .the other conditions for valid Baptism are fulfilled, and provided the sprinkling is areal ablution.

Istress this last condition. It may be to the point to mention that legitimate doubtssometimes arise about the validity of this form of Baptism as practised by some. Here is the reason for such doubts. it seems that some ministers follow the practice of sprinkling agroup of infants with a brush—or something similar—and it is doubtful if there is areal ablution in regard to each individual.

Puzzled,Perth:

Q.: You stated that Confession was necessary and advisable, Yet in M Christ'sSermon on the ougt Heis in direct opposition—as seen in Matthew,chapter 6,v. 5:13. A.: The verecs you quote 'speak of prayer in secret. "But when thou •hait pray enter into thy chamber, and having shut the door pray to the Father in secret." (v. 6.) Where in these words is there direct opposition to confession? You say that"there it is to ba in secret between the penitent and God Himself, and Ile even gives the prayer that is necessary," i.e., the Lord'sPrayer. Your contention holds good only if you deduce from these words of Christ that all inter. course between God and man is to be secreit. But did not Christ gather about Him agroup of Apostles? Did not Ile command them to preach His Gospel? and to baptise?and to commemorate the Last Supper? Did He not also say that where two or three were gathered together in His Name there He would be in the midst of them? (Matt. 18,20.) No. Themean ing of Christ'swords is made clear from aconsideration of verse 5:"And when ye pray,ye shall not be as the hypocrites that love to stand and pray in the synagogues and corners of the streets, that they may -

be seen by men." What He condemns is seeking the praise of men by outwardshow in praying;what He extols is sincere prayer to God in the secret of one's heart.

admit hat than

Q

%eChristian people the Mount'contains all that is required for acoarse of life to 'clodO the lather in Heaven.'"

A.: The "Sermon on the Mount" out. lines indeed Our Lord'steaching about the Kingdom of Heaven;it might be called the Charter of His Kingdom. Butdid Christ Himselflimit Histeachingtothe Sermon on theMount? Are we to disregard everything else recounted in the gospels;and all the rest of the New Testament? You, like so many others,seize on an isolatedtext,or aportion oftheNewTests-

ment,and build on it%your idea of what the Christian life should be. Q.: "And (thee is) the wAtbing rebuke against 'vain repetitions' of which weheareomanyistherituals used in all retig . which Ithink is far short of beingChristianity."

A.: You refer,of course,to Christ's words:"And when you are praying, speak notmuch,astheheathens. For they think that in their much speaking they maybe heard.'(Matt.6. v.7). Is this in fact a"scathing rebuke?"

Any Christian will tell you that the essence of prayer is communion with God—raising the mind to God. We all know,

that any outward form, of prayer is vain if the true spirit of prayer is absent. But it does'not follow that all outward form of prayer is useless or worthy of rebuke. It is part of man's nature to give outward expression to his inner thoughts and feelings. And when you speak of "vain repetitions'you strike a true note withoutfnowingit. You fail to accent the "vii\" and assume that all repetitions are vain because they are repetitions. Do you believe that all the ceremonies and prayers of the Church are mummery? That they mean nothing to those who take part in them? Wocdd you have everyone sav the "Our Father" In his heart and, cnceonlyduringthe whole of his life?

I

Note: You put two other que& tions. The first is concerned with judgment after death. The text you quote is IPeter3. v. 18.20. Icannot understand your objection from that text.

Similarly you cite I.Con. 12, in reference to astatement made in this session. Ihave read through the script of the session you mention, but cannot see what yourobjection is. You will have to state them more precisely.

G. Kearns, Tuart Hill:

Q.: In your answer to questions you said that all otherreligions -

are false. Ifthatisso,couldyoutellmewhere by soul will go when Ipass on, as Iam one of the unfortunate souls?

A.: Ihave no idea. Ishould have to know alot more about you before I could.even hazard aguess. No one in thissession—or elsewhere —haspresumedtojudgeanyindividual soul. You,,like the rest of us, will have to answer toGod for yourself.

While we claim that the Catholic Church is the one true Church of Christ and that Christ commands all men to belong to it,we do not say that only those are saved who belong to the visible Communion of God's Kingdorron earth.

J. C. HAMILT 0N, M.P.s., PH

. C.

CONSULTING CHEMIST.

197 BRISBANE STREET PERTH.

Prescriptions Carefully and Accurately Dispensed. Complete !hocks ofPatent Medfeints. Country Orders at City Prices. 'Phone B7923.

The Colonial Mutual Fire Insurance COMPANY LIMITED.

FOR ALL CLASSES OF INSURANCE,INCLUDING FIRE,HOUSEOWNER,and HOUSEHOLDER'SCOMPREHENSIVE,BURGLARY, PLATE GLASS,MOTOR VEHICLE,CROPS, FIDELITY,GUARAN. TEE, WORKMEN'SCOMPENSATION,THIRD PARTY. NO. 33 BARRACK STREET,PERTH.

W. L. CARTER,Manager.

ARTHUR E. DAVIES & CO. funeral Directors ant Embalmers

PERTH: Or. Beaufort and Bulw.r Streets. B96M.

CLAREMONT: Opposite Railway station. 12177.

TREMANTLE: O6 Market street. 1.1226.

PARTNERS:WALL4CE A. H. GREEN & GEORGE B.COCKERILL.

PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

Over 30 years'experience in property management and rent collection enable us to offeryou expert service in this direction. We also have extensive lists of private homes available i,7 purchase in all suburbs. Reasonable terms arranged if required. We can offer you specialised service in all branches of Real Estate.

DUDLEY & DWYER LIlV = SWORN VALUATORS. 98 St. GEORGE'STERRACE. I

Christian Brothers

'.High School;

Highgate

Excellent Examination Results in All Classes

LEAVING CERTIMATE.

BitCompletePasses,One Partial Pass.

CHALLIS, John: Seven subjects, four distinctions.

O'NEIL, Melville: Seven subjects, four distinctions.

O'NEILL, PATRICK: Seven subjects, three distinctions.

GREEN, Raymond: Seven subjects, two distinctions.

McDONALD, Robert: Seven subjects.'

KIERATII, Robert: Six subjects.

COCHRANE, William: Three subjects.

BIRCH, Ronald: Two subjects.

Leaving and Sub ,

Leaving Classes,1944

Back Row: F. Townsend, B. Richards, L. Stubber, C. O'Brien.

Second Row: J. Challis, B. Smyth, t K. Miller, R. Jeffrey, J. Anders, A McDonald.

Front Row: P. O'Neill, W. Cochrane, R. Rierath, • M. O'Neil, R. Green, R. Birch, J. Healy.

CHRISTIAN EROTHERS'

SECOND. ARY SCHOOLS'ASSOCIATION. -SUB-LEAVING.

Eight Candidates PresentA Eight Camaplete Passes.

ANDERS.John:Seven subjects, four distinctions: C. Doct. (d) Eng., Maths. A, Maths. B (d), Ph,

ys.(d), Chem. (d), Appl. Maths.

O'BRIEN, Cyril: Eight subjects, five distinctions: C. Doct. (d), Eng., Latin, btaths, A, Maths , B (d), Phys. (d), Chem. (d), Appl. Maths. (d).

JEFFREY, Ronald: Eight subjecvts, two distinctions: C. Doet. (d), Eng., Latin, Maths.A,Maths. B (d), Phys., Chem. Appl. Maths.

RICHARDS, Bernard: Six subjects, two distinctions: Eng., Maths. A, Maths. B (d), Phys. (d), Chem., Appl. Maths.

MILLER, Kevin: Sixsubjects, twodistinctions: C. Doct.(d), Eng., Latin Maths, B, Phys. (d), Appl. Maths.

STUBBER, Leo: Eight subjects, one distinction: C. Doct., Eng., Latin, Maths. A, Maths. B (d), Phys, Chem., Appl. Maths.

TOWNSEND, Francis: Five subjects, 'two distinctions:Eng., Latin Maths. B (d), Phys. (d), Appl. Maths.

HEALY, James: Five subjects, one distinction: C. Doct, (d), Eng Maths. A, Maths, B, Phys. JUNIOR IINIVERU". 24 Passes;1Partial Pass.

BIGGS, R. C.: 8subjects.

BOWLER, L. F.:10subjects.

OOVERLEY, B. J.: 7subjects.

DAVIDSON, J. R,: 8subjects, DODD. R. W.- 5subjects.

DOUGLAS, F. W. 5subjects.

DRAPER, L. D,: 11 subjects.

DWYER J. F.-.7subjects.

ELLiOTt M. R.: 7subjects, FARMER, J.H.'8subjects.

FIT7.GERALD, K. L.: 8subjects.

FINNEGAN, V.J.: 9subjects.

GARDINER, R. P.: 9subjects.

LYNCH, N. R.. 9subjects.

LYONS, J. B.: 8subjects.

MATSON A. A.: 4subjects.

McCAUGHEY, K. B.: 9subjects.

OLIVER

,J J • 8subjects.

POWELL, R. F.: 6subjects, RAVEN, L. M.: 5subjects.

RUSSELL,J F.: 5subjects.

RUSSELL, C. F.: 6subjects.

SMITH N. D.: 8subjects.

TAYLOR, N. D.- 9subjects. WILSON, B. J.: bsubjects.

CHRISTIAN BROTHERS'INTERSCHOOL EXAMINATION. SECOND YEAR JUNIOR. 96 Passes•06 Distinctions.

Ackland, G.: Physics.

Addicoat, L.: Eng. (d), Hist., Lat. (d), Arith. (d), Alg, (d), Geom. (d), Geog. (d). Phys. (d), Chem., Bkkpg.

Albrecht, F.: Religion (d), Eng. (d), Kist.(d), Lat. (d), Arith.., Alg. (d), Geom, (d), Geog. (d), Phys. (d), Chem (d), Bkkpg.

Blakely, T.: Eng., Mist., Lat., Arith., Alg., Geom., Geog., Phys., Chem., Bkkpg.

Brackenreg, M.: Eng., Hist., Lat., Arith.., Alg. (d), Geom. (d), Geog, Phys.(d), Chem. (d), Bkkpg.

Burge, J.: Eng., Hist., Alg., Geom„ Geog., Phys., Chem., Bkkpg.

Burns R.: Religion, Eng., Ilist., Lat.. Ali. (d), Geom., Geog., Phys„ Bkkpg.

Byrne, C.: Religion (d), Eng., Lat., Alg. Geog., Phys., Chem., Bkkpg.

Campbell, K.: Religion, Eng., Lat., Arith., Alg., Geog, Phys., Chem., Bkkpg.

Chesson B.: Religion (d), Eng., Hist., Lat., Arith., Alg., Geom.. Geog„ Phys.(d),Chem. Bkkpg.

Cooper, K.: Religion,Eng., Hist.(d), Arith., Alg., Geom., Geog, (d), Phys., Chem., Bkkpg.

Dwyer, J.: Religion (d), Eng. (d), Hist., Lat., Arith., Mg., Geom., Geog, Chem., Bkkpg.

Farrell,P,: Religion (d), Eng., Hist., Lat., Arith., Alg. (d), Goem., Geog„ Phys. (d), Chem., Bkkpg.

Gardner, S.: Religion (d), Eng., Hist., Arith., Alg., Geom., Geog., Phys„ Chem., Bkkpg.

Glander, E.: Religion,Eng., Hist., Arith., Alg., Geom., Geog., Phys.,' Chem.,Bkkpg.

Guile R.. Religion, Eng. (d), Hist., Lat.(d), Arith., Alg.(d), Geom. (d), Geog., Phys„ Chem., Bkkpg: Hall. K.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat.,

Arith., Alg.,, Geom., Geog., Phys., likkpg.

IIullett, A.: Religion (d), Eng, (d), Lat. (d), Arith., Alg., Geom., Geog. (d), Phys„ Chem. Bkkpg. (d).

Johnson, C.: Religion (d), Eng., Ilist., Lat., Mg., Geom., Geog., Phys., Chem. Bkkpg.

Kelly, P.: Religion (d), Eng,,.Hist., Lat., Arith„ Alg.(d), Geom. (d),Geog. (d), Phys (d), Chem., Bkkpg. Kerrigan, G.: Religion (d), Eng., Ilist.(d), Lat. (d), Alg., Geom. (d), Geog (d),Phys.(d),Chem (d),Bkkpg,

Angus, R.: Religion, Eng.; Arith., Geom., Phys., Chem.

Augustine, R,: Arith., Geom., Phys, Barron, K.: Religion, Lat., Arith., Geom., Chem.

Barrington, B.: Eng., Ifist., Lat., Arith., (d), Alg. (d), Geom., Geog, Phys, (d), Chem. (d).

Brooks, C.: Religion,, Hist., Lat., Arith. (d), Alg. (d). Geom., Geog., Phys., Chen). (d).

Biggs, D.: Eng., Chem, Charles,

J. :Religion, Eng., Hist,(d), Lat. (d), Arith.(d), Alg. (d), Geom.

Lee, D.: Religion, Kist„ Lat.. Alg., Geom., Chem., Bkkpg.

Lynch, M.: Religion, Eng„ [list., Lat., Arith., Alg., Geom. (d), Geog., Phys., Chem., Bkkpg, McEwan, S.: Religion (d), Eng. (d), Hist.(d), Lat., Arith., Alg., Geom, Geog., Phys., Chem. (d), Bkkpg.

Mackay, M.: Religion, Eng„ [list., Lat., Mg., Geom., Geog., Phys, Chem., Bkkpg. Masel L.: Eng., Hist. (d), Lat., Arith., Alg. (d), Geom., Geog„ Phys., Chem., Bkkpg.

O'Mara, F.: Religion (d), Eng., Hist., Lat.(d),Arith.,Alg.(d),Geom.,Geog., Phys., Chem., Bkkpg.

Passaris, R.: Eng., Hist., Geom., Geog.. Phys., Chem., Bkkpg.

Paxman B.: Religion (d), Eng. (d), Hist.,(d), Lat. (d),, Arith., Mg. (d), Geom., Geog., Phys. (d), Chem., Bkkpg.

Pickles,M.: Religion (d),Eng., Hist., Lat. (d),"Arith., Alg.(d), Geom. (d), Geog. (d), Phys., Chem., Bkkpg, Purves, N.: Religion (d), Eng., Ifist. (d), Lat. (d), Mg., Geom., Geog., Phys., Chem., Bkkpg. Rhodes T.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat„ Arith., Alg. (d), Geom., Geog. (d), Phys., Bkkpg.

Richardson, H.: Hist., Arith., Alg., Geom., Geog., Bkkpg.

Symons, P.: Religion (d), Eng.,Hist., Geom. Geog„ Chem., Bkkpg.

Tobin, B.: Religion, Eng., Lat.(d), Arith., Geom. (d), Phys., Chem., Bkkpg.

Walsh,

J,: Religion, Eng., Hist., Alg., Geog., Chem, Willoughby, D.: Religion (d), Eng., Hist., Lat., Arith., Alg. (d), Geom., Geog., Phvs., Chem.

FIRST Y10AR SIIBJUMOR INTER• SCHOOD EXAMINATION. 37 Passes, 67 Distinctions. Ashby, K,: Eng., Hist., Lat. (d), Arith., Alg. (d), Geom. (d), Geog., Phys. (d), Chem. (d).

Ic 1, Geog., Phys. (d), Chem (d). larrigg,'J.: Religion, Ilist., Lat, (d), Arith. (d), Alg., Geom., Geog., Phys. (d), Chem. (d).

Callaghan, C.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat., Alg. (d), Geom.

Connell, F.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat. (d), Arith. (d), Alg., Geom., Phys., Chem.

Chipper, B.: Religion, Eng., Hist„ Lat.(d), Arith.(d), Alg.,Geom, Phys., Chem.

Considine, M.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat. (d), Arith., Geom., Phys., Chem. Carter, F.: Religion, Eng., Lat. (d), Arith., Alg., Phys, Chem. Cleverley, K.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat. (d) Arith, (d), Alg., Geom., Geog., Phys., Chem. Chester, V.: Eng., Hist., Lat., Geom., Geog., Phys.

Cooper,

J. -. Religion(d), Eng., Hist, (d), Lat. (d), Arith. (d), ,Alg. (d), Geom. (d), Geog., Phys., Chem. Donovan, J.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lac. Arith., Alg.,Geom., Phys. Dorries, P: English,Kist., Arith.(d), Geom., Phys.

Fenton

,J.: Hist., Phys. Finnegan L.-. Religion, Eng., Kist., Lat. (d), Alg„Geom, Phys., Chem. Farmer, K.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat..(d),Arith.,Alg.(d),Geom.,Geog., Phys. (d), Chem.

Gibson, L.: Religion, Lat. (d), Arith., Alg., Geom., Phys.

Gunn,K.: Religion, Hist., Lat., Arith., Geom., Phys., Chem. (d). Heales, D,: Arith., Alg., Geom., Phys., Chem.

Kieran, B.:

Lat., Arith. (d), Alg., Geom., Phys.

King, R.: Hist., Lat.(d), Arith.(d), Alg., Geom., Geog., Phys, Lee, J.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat.. Arith., Alg., Geom., Phys.

Lynch, W.: Religion, Eng, Hist., Lat.. Mg„ Geom., Phvs., Chem. (d). Lynch, L.: Religion. Dist., Lat., (Continued on Page 13.)

Retail, Co-Operative Stores Get ,

Under Way in,,Perth

,

*Country People Eager to Expand the Movement to the City

.

Amazing Spread

of Rochdale Ideals in America and Sweden Co-Operation-

in This State. "Extremely Healthy"

At apublicmeeting, held in St. Josephs Hall, Subiaco,on the 17th.inst., to consider thepossibility of opening a Cooperative store fn the Subiaco district an illuminating address on Cooperation rwas given by Hon. W. D. Johnson, ALL.A. Mr. At. Mulligan presided at the meeting. Alr. Johnson said:

The position is this: We have met for the purpose of discussing the possibility of expanding co-operation in the metropoitan area. Mr. Mulligan's idea is that,having established in Bassen dean,we should try and influence the Co-operative Federation of Western Australia, that embraces all the cooperatives of the State,toset aboutestablishing acooperative store in or about Subiaco. When I came here Mr. Alulligan and others apologised to, the small attendance. Ican see it now that it really started at Bassendean with seven. So we have quite'a crowd here to-night. But it is true that Bassendean was pulled up by the fact that Iwent around to lunch-hour meetings and got it advertised that way. Iwent to the Midland Work. shops on two occasions, the Super Works at Bassendean, the machinery concerns at 1assendean, and all that kind of thing. That raised interest, but even then, while Igot agood deal of applause from the men while they had their lunch, when it came to the men •putting up their pound to give practical evidence of their support, there was quite anumber who could not even put up a pound. We started with very small business. However, when we ultimately issued aprospectus -

and bought abusiness, it came rolling in."

"I say, we bought abusiness in Bassendean. Ithen set to work to try to get as many in as possible. We issued aprospectus, and we distributedoheof these to every.-householder in Bassendean. We got the names of the householders by taking acopy of the electric light connections. Every connection meant afamily or ahouseholder, and we sent twelve hundred of these out and weappealed to them to take ashare of#5, paying £1now, let the co-op pay the balance for them, and pay the rest in quarterly amounts of 5s. Icalculated thatout of twelve hundred we would getfive hundred. It was my electorate;Iknew the people, but Igot one hundred and sixty the day we opened. You will understand the disappointment that, instead of having five hundred pounds, Ihad one hundred and sixty pounds. But this just shows what the movement is in this State—Ihad £500sent to me from various people in the country, and I .actually sent money back. Country peoplesentthatmoneybecause of their desire toexpandthe co-operativemovement from the country districts. They were anxious to help the workers in the metropolitanareatogetgoing. One man sent in£50,but Isent it back to him and Itoldhim Iwasnot prepared to take the money. If the workers would not help themselves we would not buy their support. The money rolled in from country districts, and we eventually decided to use their money for the time being and open the store, that isborrow it. No more for Bassendean except we started with aturnover on the 1st, August of E300 amonth. Well. Ishould say that the last week would be on the basis of £1,2(10 amonth.Experience has taught us that if you can get a turnover of .11000 amonth,you can employ a manager and staff,and you will getaround to show alittle profit. As a

matter of fact, to-day, on the basis of our profits,and it is competitive business wecan start to pay arebate,but in t•iat regard,while that is suggested tome (Iam chairmanoftheboard of directors in an hongrary capacity)` that the Board declare arebate of Is. in the £, Iam not in favour of it, be. causewe have not theturnovertocope with the rush of business which would follow. We have got a £1,200 turn. over without any showexceptadecent store, decently run and managed. If we start paying arebate there will be agreat rush."

Mr. Johnson said that the biggest problem still is that of supply. He explained that if therecame abigrush of business,the Co-operation Wholesale Section would be called upon to put more than its due proportion of supplies into Bassendean. They would have to go very carefully.

The speaker went on togive the history of the movement in W.A. The W.A. Movement, he said, is an outstanding one really. It is very well run, sticks rigidly to principle, to the principle laid down by the original Rochdale movement in England, commenced just one hundred yeass ago.

The Co-operation Movement is world wide. In America it is expanding at aterrific rate. There, forexample, at the request of the International Cooperation Movement, the American Co. operation has purchased oil wells, managed them,-

and today isifeeding Swe. den with that product on aco-opera. tion basis. Furthermore, they have, said the speaker, actually communicated with the movement here in W.A. with aview to supplying all our postwar petrol and oil needs. The most progress of any country in recent years in the movement, said Mr. Johnson, is, of course, Sweden, and he was pleased to he able to say that the movement there was based on exactly the same principle as here in W.A. They started in country districts just as here and had difficulty in getting into the metropolitan area. Just so here. In all aspects it has been the same. The country was comparative• ly easy to interest, but once they got into the industrial districts they found that lag unforutnately found among theworkers ofthe world. Then,when established,and this is an interesting point, they had to have-aFederation tolink the country movementwith the metropolitan. to link the Producers' and the Consumers' Co-opbratives. Then,asthey expandedandfound they wanted certain products, all requirements were forwarded to aCentral Organisation, which was also established, and who, after negotiation with the Government,entered the field of big buyers, and because of the aggregate purchases were able to compete with the big combines on the works buying markets.

Air. Johnson went on to give the meeting an idea of the scope of the Movement in W.A., and gave an interesting review of about fifty general cooperative stores established in W.A. and their working: How the district is mapped out by the Federation, and no otherstore or agencyofthe Movement will be permitted to open in the district; how all the wheat and wool is purchased by the Central Organisation who negotiate with the world markets. Thus the farmer in the cooperative gets rebate on his purchases in the local store,he gets commission on the stock he sells,and _then when adividend is declared he gets areturn on his money that he has put into the store. Cash rebate is distributed be-

fore the profit and the dividend on share capital is declared. Mr. Johnson explained how the shareholder obrains rebate on the basis of the business he hasdoneat the store, and the scale cif the business he does increased the profits, and so he participates in the profits obtained. One or two stores have declared a rebate of as much as 2/0 in the £. There is not now one store, hesaid,which is not in an extremely healthy state.

The speaker went on to say that a uniform system of accounts is kept throughout,and one firm of auditors is in charge of the auditof the State's co-operatives. The auditors can keep an eye ontheirbusiness,the subject of their rebates and dividends,and assist the Federation to keep agreater grip on things and watch any discrepancies. The Federation, upon being advised by the auditors of any irregularity, will advise the Board of Directors of the,particular store and suggest such and such athing to recthy it. Of course, they are not obliged to abide by the advice given, but Mr. John ,,

-, said it is wonderful how they respond.

The Central Organisation,mentioned before, is known as Westralian Farmers, Ltd. This firm does-

all the big things,suchasshippingetc.,of the the big productsof the State. Then there is aCo-operation Wholesale Section, This section looks after the purchase of commodities direct from anufacturers. When the section was setupand the Movement was doing a turnover of about £30,000, 95 per cent.of domestic linesIfor sale in coop.stores were purchased from wholesale merchants and 5per cent, from manufacturers. Now, 13 years later, and carrying a turnover of £150,000, 9S per cent. is purchased direct from the manufacturers. As wholesale houses for the cooperative stores, the speaker said, they are on the wholesale list. Mr. John , son said that all sugar had once to be purchased through one of the mono. polies which are exploiting the markets. Thefirmhad the control of the sale of sugar throughout the Commonwealth. Mainly through the efforts of the late Senator Cunningham, the

Government steppedin, andasaresult the cooperative movement got on the wholesale list for sugar about two or three years ago. That was an example, he said,of what could be done if the people pulled together: The Movement throughout its history here has succeeded because of the loyalty found throughout.

Inconnectionwith Bassendeanagain, Mr. Johnson said that aCooperative Women'sGuild had been formed, and theirobject hadbenstated to raisethe standards of domestic life. They had decided to start afund to see that every home associate with the cooperativeis toget,when theyareavailable once more, arefrigerator,awashing machine, etc.

Regarding aproposed venture at Subiaco, Mr. Johnson said that there was only one thing to do and that wasbuy abusinessand startofffrom'there.The reason for this was because, under the Regulations,anew business could not obtain quotas of rationed goods. Essential goods are rationed :and would not be available to a business just being set up. If abusiness is avail• able as agoing concern Wean be ac. quired. If aresolution was.`passed to the effect that this meeting considers the time has arrived when aco-operative store should be established in Subiaco, and that were made known abort the place, a suitable business might even be offered to the committee. In conclusion,Mr.Johnson pledg• ed the Federation's wholehearted support ol; the venture, and stated that it would give it every assistance.

Air. Johnson explained, in reply to a question as towhat is thepositionifa. shareholder leaves the district and wishes to withdraw his shares,thatdifferent stores are registered under the _ Companies Act and the Societies' Act and in some cases the shares could be bought back by the Co-operatives, and in others it was not possible.

Mr. Johnson explained how the cooperatives came through the depres. sion,years. He said thatit had been ahard struggle; all stores had been helped through and the old debts have

(Continued on Page 12.)

Obtitefarion BombingImmoral

Jesuit Theologian's Judgment .

In an article in the current issue of "Theological Studies;" quarterly published by the Society of Jesus in the United States, the Rev.John C. Ford, S.J., professor of Moral Theology at Weston -

College, presents astudy of the "Morality of Obliteration Bombing," and arrives at the conclusion that such bombing cannot be justified in the light of the"fundamental laws of the charity ofChrist."

Pointing out the vast difference In precision bombing, where "very definite, limited targets, such as airfields, munitions factories, railroad bridges, etc., are picked out;" and obliteration bombing wherein "the target is not a well-defined military objective" but "a large area, for instance, awhole city, or all the built-up part of acity.. often including by design residential districts;" Father Ford emphasises the fact that in obliteration bombing "no secret is made of the direct intent to wipe out residential districts"

Who Are Non-Combatants?

Raising thequestion,"Whoare to be considered non-combatants in a war like the present one?" Father Ford observes that Dr. Lawrence L. McReavy, well-known author,..apparently does not believe any of the enemy civilians are'innocent' except infants, because they are all operators in aggression;' iwhereas the Rev. Ulpian Lopez, S.J., considers that "old men, children and women, and in general all who are engaged inworks of peace rather than works of war—doctors, clergy, Religious, teachers,-nurses, etc. —are certainly to be classed as non-

combatants." Even munitions work• ers are to be distinguished from combatants who are armed and ready to fight, in Father Lopez's opinion, the author writeS.

PopeQuoted

After quoting His Holiness Pope Pius XII. throughout his article, and members of the Americanand the European Hierarchies, Father Ford states briefly the conclusion of his paper as follows:

"Obliteration bombing, as defined, is an immoral attack on the rights of the innocent. It includes adirect intent to do them injury. Even if this were not true, it would still be immoral, because no proportionate cause would justify the evil done,and to make it legitimate would soon lead the world to theimmoral barbarity of totalwar. Thevoiceof thePope and the fundamental lanes of the charity of Christ confirm this condemnation.

QUARANT' ORE

1946. FEBRUARY.

2nd— ALAMUNDA: One Day of Exposition.

3rd.—DARDANBP One Day of Exposition.

4th.—WAGXN: One Day of Exposition.

MARCH.

ist.—000LGkRDIE: One Ifay of Exodsition.

2nd.—BANDIN3N: One Day of Exposition.

WANTEDD

Young men who wish to dedicate their lives to the work of THE FOREIGN MISSIONS!

Anew Mission Seminary is being opened by the Divine Word Fathers at Marburg, Queensland, in March, 1945. This Mission Seminary has for its expressand sole purpose the educationof youngmen who wish to dedicate their lives to the Propagation of the Faith in foreign lands, particularly in the South Seas.

Students will be accepted after successful completion of the Junior (Intermediate) Examination.

Candidates will present testimonial letters from their Parish Priests, as well as from their School Superiors.

Young men interested in the Missionary Brotherhood are also urged tomakeinquiries.

For further particulars, write to— REV. DANIEL DRISCOLL, S.V.D., MISSION SEMINARY, MARBURG. QUEENSLAND.

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY BY-ELECTION.

Victoria Park Seat

POLLING DAY:

Saturday, February 10 8a.m. HOURS VOTE

THE ONLY LABOUR CANDIDATESELECTED TO CONTEST THIS ELECTION.

\VHO,.IF ELECTED, \VILL GIVE HIS FULL TIME, EXPERIENCE AND ENERGY TO THE ELECTORS AND RESIDENTS OF VICTORIA PARK AND THE STATE, VOTE LABOURAGAIN, AND ALWAYS. (AuthorisedbyR.A.Hartley,TradesHall.)

KNOW YOUR FAITH SERIES SacramentalPenanceForgives Sins-CommittedAfterBaptism

Right of Absolution Included. in the Cower of the Keys

Confessionof SinsaUniversal.Precept

Baptismestablishes theunregenerate soul in the grace and favour of God forthefirst time. If this state of in. ternal righteousness be forfeited afterwards,asitonly canbe,bymortal,sir> then the Sacrynent of Penance, or "Confession," as we call it, fixing in. stinctively on its least agreeable element, will restore to us thegreat treasure wehavelost.

The Church, in one of its dogmatic definitions, speaks of this Sacrament as"asecond plank;" thrown by God's compassion to the shipwrecked soul in order torescue it from drowning.Thus penance was always anecessary remedy for sin. But Christ raised pen• ance to aSacrament which required a special Divine gift for its administration, and left it still anecessity for Christians.

ThePower ofForgivingSins.

This power of"loosing and binding" in thematter of sin, which is included in the wider power of binding and loosing generally conferred on all the Apostles, and on Cephas separately in amore signal manner, contains two functions:(1)Thatofforgivinghuman sin;(2) that of withholding it from pardon.

Thisalternative use of thepower "of the keys"is important, in view of the contention of Anglicans—put forward, perhaps, to explain the comparatively scanty use of Confession made by the Church of England as a whole—that, though this power has indeed been given, and Confession is latbful and useful, nevertheless its use is not, according to Christ's intention, obligat• ory, but optional. Yet, if only optional ;

it would follow that the Chris• tion may obtain forgiveness even though he decline to confess. Now this view, with its necessary consequ. ence, might pass—that is, biblically— except for the second clause of our Saviour's ordinance: "and whose sins ye shall retain, they are retained." By assigning this alternative function to His representatives, Our lord plainly putstheminajudicial capacity. They have achoice committed to them of either pardoning or withholding pardon; of pronouncing asentence of acquittal, or the reverse. This discretionary power would be simply mrgatcry, especially in its function of"retaining,"if,as the Anglicanoftenrrlain• tains, the sinner need notsubject himself to it unless he chooses. Again, were the Apostles to determine their course in an arbitrary way, regardless of thecasebefore them? Clearly not, Thenonwhat principleofreason could they decide in a particular case whether to"forgive"orto"retain" the sins? Common sense replies: Whv, according to the sinner's case and dis• positions. And how could they have knowledge of either, unless the penitent accused himself of his sins and manifested his dispositions? Our irds, therefofe, contain arn• versal precept of Confession.

Averyexceptional grace of the Divine Spirit must be needed for sharing ministerially in aDivine prerogative sofarexceeding human competenceas that of forgiving sins committed, not against man, but against the Majesty of God. That God should give"such pokier to man" naturally astounds us, and not least those who wield it, just as it astounded those who witnessed Our Lord's agsolution of the palsied man. But,inreality, thewonder,and also its explanation, lies further back, in thatmarvellous inter-communion of the Divine with the human which forms the keynote to the mystery of the Incarnation of God the Son.

The hackneyed objection to the Ca. tholic doctrine concerning absolution from sin, that itis blasphemously presumptuous for any man to pretend to sub apower, is but an echo of the pharisaic murmur: "Who can forgive sins but only God?" It is ashallow objection, forit falsely assumes that a Catholicpriestclaims toabsolve in his own right instead of by apower delegated to him by Christ. For there can be no presumption in exercising apowerdivinely conferred foruse.

ThePrecept ofConfession.

The obligation binding every baptised person to submit all mortal sins "to the keys"—that is to say, to confess them to apriest with aview to forgiveness by absolution—is aDivine, and not ahuman, ordinance—a precept of Christ, not an ecclesiastical institution. The Council of Trent declares thosetohave departed from the unity of'the Catholic faith whomaintain the contrary to this.

The law of Confession is universal. It admits of no exceptions, has no respectofpersons. Itbindseverymernber of the Church of Christ, from the lowest to the highest, notexceptingits chief and noblest member—its visible Head on earth, the Pope. Our present venerated Holy Father has to humble himself at the feet of his con. fessor and tellhis sins.

Withregardtothe frequencyofCon-. fession strictly binding upon Catholics, the law of"AnnualConfession" willbe explained in our next article. We may repeat here briefly that this law begins to bind every child as soon as it has reached the age of reason—on the supposition, however, that mortal sin has beencommitted.

Living.. With. the Church,

MASS CALENDAR FOR THE WEEK

February 4--Sexagesima Sunday: Mass proper. No Gloria. 2nd. prayer of St. Andrew Corsini. 3rd. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Trinity.

February "t.,Agatha, Virgin and Ma

pro a per. 2nd. prayer forpeace.

ss

Tract.

February 6--St. Titus, Bishop and Confessor: Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Dorothea. 3rd. prayer for peace.

Tract.

February T—St, Romuald, Abbot: Mass "Os justi" from the Common of Abbots. 2nd. prayer for peace.

Tract.

February 8--St. John of Maths, Con. faasor: Mass "Os justi." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer for peace.

Tract.

February "t. Cyril of Alexandria. Bishop, Confessor and Doctor: Mass "In media." Ist, prayer of the Proper, 2nd. prayer of St. Apollonia. 3rd. prayer for peace.

Tract. Creed.

February 1"t. Scholastics, Virgin: Mass "Dilexisti;" 1st. prayer of the Propel 2nd. prayer for peace.

Tract.

ForSaucepans,Dfahss,Babies'Baths, , Flue Pipes for Stoves, Bath Heaters, try Hassell's, 559 Wellington Street.

.9 .0 iseriminations

'ICHARLEY'STAUNT."

This grand old war-horse of fame, ,

which was first presented some fifty years ago, has again been made into afilm by Hollywood for the third time,and the latesteffort was showing inthe city last week.

Strangel yenough,there is still an appreciable amount of fun left in the spectacle of aman running about in skirts and getting into all the trouble that such abusiness might entail But in spite of the expert direction of Archie Mayo and afairly competent cast, headed by Jack Benny, as the rich Apnt from Brazil, where the nuts come from, Imust sadly confess that the film simply creaked and Ifound it almost boring. Perhaps it might not be so to anyone unaware of the plot. Most of the comedy was of the Mack Sennnett slapstick variety, and all the situations were so very familiar. After seeing Edmund 'Gwhenn's brilliant portrayal as Rowlie in "Lassie Come Home," and then to see him so sadly miscast in this farce, almost made me weep.

—"GROUCIf0."

"LASSIE COME HOME."

The film version of this popular novel by the late Major Eric Knight, has long been 'eagerly awaited by Perth film goers. In the past Ihave been slightly uneasy about animal films, as the star, generally adog or horse, does asplendid job, but gets only meagre support from the rest of the cast.

Lassie Come home" is a pleasant reversal of form. With the two stars, Roddv McDowall and Donald Crisp, a combination which helped to make "How Green Was T%ly Valley;" one of the finest films made in the last de. cade if not in the historyof the screen, well to the fore, and with such sterling character actors is Edmund Gwenn, Nigel Bruce and Dame May Whitty giving excellent support, and last but not least"Lassie" herself, all combined to make the film adelight viewed from almost every angle

The film has been beautifully produced (the scenery, aided by technicolo-,r is worth the admission money alonel), and Ihave no hesitation in recommending it to film fans of all ages ` —"GROUCITO"

LITERARY SKETCES.

NO. 3—T. S. ELIOT.

Thomas Stearns Eliot, probably the most notable poet living,is an American by birth and an Englishman by adoption. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri,on September 26, 1888; he became aBritish subjectin 19'27. His chance of nationality was due to his growing interest in the English Church and State. After aspiritual pilgrimage which began with his meditations in his early poems on the instability ,,I human life and society, he has arrived by tortuous paths at the har. mony provided by atraditional religious culture;he has become an AngloCatholic.

The difficulty of attempting to evaluate the work of contemporary writers is manifest in the wide divergences of critical reaction to Eliot's work. Here are afew examples. Reviewing "The Waste Land"in "The London Mercury," in 1923,J. C. Squire wrote:"Conceivably,what is attempt• ed here ... is afaithful transcript of • the poet's w

andering thoughts when in astate of erudite depression. A grunt would serve equally well." And later (1926), the same critic wrote (again of "The Waste Land"): "T)le kindest thing one can suppose is that he is experimenting with automatic writing. Why on earth he bothers to write at all it is difficult to conceive." in 1940 the joint authors of "Direc• tions in :Modern Poetry" (Elizabeth NOMORE WOOD4u1riNO!American Perfection Stoves;ideal for countryand beach At Hassell' s. 86,107.

Fanowrios —McGuiness Wedding

Drew and John Sweeney) had this to say: "The publication of "Thd Waste Land' in 19'22 will probably remain the outstanding literary landmark of ourperiod. Like the'Lyrical Ballads' of ahundred and twenty years earlier, it will stand as the outward symbol of the arrival of acompletely new orientation towards human experience and towards its expression in language."

More recently still, in the 1944 win• ter issue of "1lfeanjin Papers." we have E. J. Stormon, S.J.(well known in Perth circles), praising Eliot's latest synthesis ("Four Quartets") as the "most considerable thing he has done," and in the Red Page of "The Bulle• tin" (January 3, 1945), this view is sharply challenged, and the poetry is described as flat and repetitive and lacking in popular appeal,

idiot himself (like Arnold. Coler• idge, Ben Jonson, Dryden and others, he combines the functions of poet and critic) has said that to select agood new poem, to respond properly to a new poetic situation, is the most severe test of acritic. It is easy to illustrate its severity from the past as well as from the present. We all know the welcome which Word=worth and, later, Keats, received at the hands of the reviewers. It was many years before Browning won recognition, and Hopkins, who diedin the same year as Browning (1889), was hardly heard of until fifteen years ago.

In common with most other mod• ern poets. Eliot has benefited from a study of Hopkins' technique of sprung-rhythm. Ile has not, however, made the mistake of many of the theorists of vers Libre and neglected form ,for novelty. The clamour for "free verse" had quickened the realimtion that there were other ways of writing than in the prevailing conventional Georgian modes. It, had been demonstrated that the constant expectation of rhyme had "thickened the modern ear," but Eliot observed that once rhyme was no longer dully expected it could then be used "for a sudden tightening-up, for a cumuli. tive insistence, or for an abrupt change of mood." So the poetof"Gerontion" and "The Waste Land" and "Ash Wednesday" could write:

"When lovely woman stoops to folly and Paces about her room again, alone, She smoothes her hair with automatic hand, And puts arecord on the gramo. phone."

Compare the above with the following passage from "Gerontion;" and note how Eliot relies upon aset of objects to enable him to thread together his associations. "Gerontion" is apoem expressing the tragedy of disillusionment inherent in alife without faith.

"I an old man

Adull headamong windy spaces.

Signs are taken for wonders.' 'We would see asign'1

The word within aword,unable to speak aword, Swaddled with darkness. In the juvescence of the year Came Christ the Tiger.

In depraved Mary, dogwood and chestnuts, flowering judas.

To be eaten, to be divided, to be drunk

Among whispers;by Mr.Silvero

With caressing hands, at Limoges.

Who walked all night in the next room;

By Hakagawa,bowing among the Titians;

13y Madame de Torniquist, in the dark room

Shifting the candles; Fraulein von Kulp.

Who turned in the hall, one hand on thedoor.

Vacant shuttles

Weave the wind. Ihave no ghosts, An old man in adraughty house

Under awindy L•nob."

Eliot gives no explicit criticism of the modern world.• He presents the

On December 16, at St.Mary's Church Leederville, the marriage was solemnised by Right Rev. Monsignor Moloney, between John, only son of Dlr. and Mrs. Fanowrios, and Margaret (Peggy), only child of Mrs. McGuinness and the late Inspector 11cGuin• ness. The bride, whowas given away by Dlr. Simpson( an old friend of the tamily),1vasdressed inagown ofmag• nolia marquisette, with a long train embroidered in silver and studded

(acts in aseries of symbols and leaves the rest to the reader's intuition. In "Gerontioir" he looks objectively at a dying civilisation; in "The Waste Land" he goes astep further and examines his personal response to the situation. Eternal pattern is the theme of "Burnt Norton." Reflections of Eliot's intellectual thesis in this poem also appear in the texture of "murder in the Cathedral" and "The Family Reunion." Eliot's popularity in some quarters has declined since he became openly religious. His acceptance of 'dogma has been branded as evasion, flight from reason—his most vociferous

with diamente. A IIoniton lace veil and halo were worn, and she carried a shower bouquet of white roses and stephanotis. She was attended by the bridegroom's sister, Athena Fanowrios, who wore a cyclamen lace frock withatop-knot of shadedflowers to match. Her shower bouquet wasof gladioli and agapanthus. The tride• groom was attended by Major Ken Hales.. The reception was held at the Karra'tattaClub.

nunciators being precisely those who have enthusiastically' accepted the much stricter dogma of Karl Marx.

—DE GUSTIBUS.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'SLEAGUE

Executive Meeting: Monday, February 5, at 2.30 p.m.

Canteen: Phyllis Dean, February6, Dunleavy House: February 9.

Domestic Problems Solved:By AmericanBlueFlameStoves,AtW.A.Stove Co., Wellington-street,Perth. SSW.

OBITUARY

Established 1874.

Official Organof the Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressall communicationstothe Editor, Box A35, G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH.

TELEPHONE: B6950

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 31, 19.5.

Whither Europe

In achallenging statement on Poland during the week, Archbishop Mannix is reported as sayingthat "it looked asif we might in some way win the war and yet have failed to achieve the very purpose for which we entered it." This sickening apprehension hasbeengrowing in the minds of thinking men ever since the sale of Poland was announced. Nobody who is interested in the victory of morality as against the mere material victory of arms can pretend that the Curzon Line is asolution or even an acceptable stopgapto the Polish problem. Mr. Churchill's refusal to be dismayedattheprospectoftransferring some 13.000,000ofpopulation isnotso heroicwhenone reflectsthat this colossal uprootingis not to take place in England's greets and pleasant land. It is so easy to take adispassionate view of the boil on another persin's leg. Brit the major is'ue, of course,is not based on ethnological considerations,but is sheerly aquestion of conflicting cultures. And the cultureof.the Polish nation is integrated through and through -

with its Catholicism. HowthelambofCatholicism is to lie down with the lion of atheism no one has yet explained.

Archbishop Mannix hoped that, if Britain and America could not save Poland, they would not, at all events, wash their hands likePilate and pretend that Poland, their heroically, had got substantial justice, and that they themselves had accomplished their taskofsafeguarding the freedomof the nations and Christian civilisation. This is the very crux of the whole war. As victory looms nearer it becomes more and more obvious that our war aims, which• front the first were nebulous enough, are now hopelessly obfuscated. It is not enough to destroy Nazism and Fascism. Greece should have taught the Allies that lesson plainly enough. All the propaganda of the Left which has been for so long aimed at removing popular fear of Communism as a "bogey" has broken down in the face of the transitional political set-tip in "liberated" countries. It is plain-that the white-anting tactics of the Marxist international conspiracy during the past twenty-five years has not been in vain. If the Comintern has been indeed dissolved,it isonlybecause its work has been mosteffectively completed. The proof of this is the manner in which the Allies have beencompelled in every "liberated" nation in Europe,to accept the .fominationofaminorityof Left-wingextremists.

•

There is, of course, endless talk of free elections and of allowing European nations to choose their own forms of government. Butsuch talk is stultified by the event and thetrend ofthe present transitional arrangements give no democratic promise for the tuture. Italy is perhapsthemost monstrousexample,where there isaCommunist deputy PrimeMinisterand "Catholic Communists" demonstrate in the Eternal City. The monarchies of Greece and Yugoslavia havebeen disolved before the people havebeen permitted to say whether they want the monarchy or not. Everything is being worked out on the assumption that Europehas been made safe for Bolshevism. The basic questions of morality have been crowded out in prospect of the material fruits of victiry. Its the (!omestic affairs of nations,the ideal of freedom has yielded to the allurementofsecurity,and the way to it is turningout to be along theverysubtlepath oftotalitarianism. In internationalaffairs the rightsof the small nationsare receiving scant notice. The bullyingof neutrals and down-right hostility in the case of Spain continue,while the cases of the Baltic States and Poland are regarde(i in the public mind as closed cases. We are so happy in our owl escapethat wearein clangerofforgettingourhonour.

THE LATE MR. PETER FRANCIS BURHE.

Mr. Peter Francis Burke passed peacefully away at his late residence, 256 Fitzgerald-street, Perth, on January 13. The late Mr. Burke was widely known and highly respected. Herwasborn at Ballarat,Victoria, and came to the West inthegold boom of the nineties. After many years on the'Fields, he transferred his activities to farming in the Mooraand Milingdistricts.

Coming to Perth in 1928, he con• ductedacarrying business,from which he was forced to retire owing to illhealth in 1939. During hisfive years' illness, the late Mr. Burke maintained his cheery,genial spirit and kindly nature,which had so characterised his entire life.

His remains were laid torest in the Catholic portion of the Karrakatta Cemetery on Monday,January 15, where alarge crowd gathered to pay their last respects. Rev. Dr.Collins officiated at the graveside.

Heissurvivedbyawidow,five sons and three daughters.

The chief mourners were: Mrs. Burke (wife), Mrs. J. Hennessey (sister), Mrs.Gorman and Mrs. Smith (daughters), and Bernie,Tom and Joe (sons).

The pall-bearers consisted of H. V. lohnsnn,M.H.R., E.C. Needham, M.L.A., P. J.Arkell, J. McCusker Jas. Edwards, A. J. Langford, K. &Connor,and H.J. Simper.

•Numerous telegrams,cards, etc., were'received, also many beautiful_ floral tributes.

The funeral arrangements were in the hands of Bowra andO'Dea.

Doyouwishto helpeducateapriest for work in Western Australia? Make aregular annual contribution to help in irdfgent student.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

February2-

8.30 a.m.: Preside at Ceremony of Profession at Convent of Mercy,Victoria Square. _

Februaaq 18:

730 p.m.: Attend Lenten Sermon at St. Mary's Cathedral; Pontifical Benediction.

February23-

10 a.m.: Quarterly Conference at Chapter Hall Victoria Square.

7p.m.: Confirmation of adults, St. Mary's Cathedral.

March4--

7.30 p.m.: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at Church of the Holy Rosary, Nedlands.

March 11—

Morning: Confirmation at Sacred Heart Church, Mount Barker.

Afternoon: -

Bless extensions to St. Joseph's School, Albany.

Evening;Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church, Albany.

SPECIAL COURSE OF LENTEN SERMONS.

Acourse of Lenten Ser• nions at St. Mary's Cathe-dral, will be preached by Rev. Father J. Sexton. C.SS.R., commencing on Sunday evening, February 18.

Conference of Religious Teachers

The annual Conferenceof the Religi• ous teachers of the Archdiocese was held in the 24th.inst. The proceedings commenced with the celebration of the Votive Mass cif the Holy Ghost in St.Mary's Cathedral by His Grace the Archbishop. Rev. G. Lawlor, S.J., preached the occasional sermon.

Latersessions took place atVictoria Square,at which the Christian Doctrine syllabus and Catholic Action in the schools were under review.

HOLIDAY RESORTS

MASS TIME TABLE.

Cottesloe:

Sundays: 7a.m.; 10 a.m.

NorthBeach:

Sundays (from Dec. 24, until further notice): 9.30 a.m .

Rockingham: Sundays (in January): 9a.m.

Scarborough: Sundays: 8a.m.

"PAPUA IN PEACE AND WAR"

By If. F. BITMEAD.

An enthralling story of 300 pages, profusely illustrated, to be publishedshortly.

The author,aWest Australian, has spent 10years in Papuaas •amedical officer and teacher, apd has an intimate knowledge of all partsof the country and the various tribes.

After three years in the Army, Warrant Officer Bitinead was taken prisoner by the Japanese, but subsequently escaped. How-he walkedtwiceacross New Guinea, savingthe life ofan American colonel,makes agripping story.

I

A Soldier's Midnight Mass •

Christmas Day isover, and to many soldiers there has been little to distinguishit from anyotherday. Butwe Catholic soldiers in this'camp will not easily forget it, for it has been our privilege and ourjoy totake part in a Midnight Dfass•that will live forever in our memory.

It was my fifth Christmas Mass in the Army away from my home and people. The first in atroop ship in the RedSea, the secondinPier-es•or, a town on thebordersofSyriaandIraq. A tiny church, ahandful of Frenchmen, afew Christian Arabs, and myself=the sole representative of our Empire. It was alonely soldier that knelt before the simple little crib that night. Thenextat Buna. with dying meninaM.D.S.notonehundredyards array. Thestenchofdeath'wasinthe air. ThefourthinMoresbyinagrass thatchedchapel. Alittlealtarsmothered in deep crimson tropical flowers. It was built by the soldiers, and we crammed it to capacity. The last in our own Australia, and it is Phis one Iwill try to describe.

Picture alarge and spacious hall built

for the recreation of the troops. The soft hum of whispering soldiers fills the air eighteenhundredare here to-night.

Upon the stage raised high above the crowd is the altar. Beneath the stagean open spacewherefive priests, our Chaplains. are hearing corifessions.

But the space is reserved for another reason. We are to have aguard of_ honour. It is to be atruly military Midnight Mass.

Confessions end. Thestage and the altar are lit with ahidden light. A pause: then the loud tramp of feet as theguardmarchesin. Thesharpcommands of the officer ring out. They are right-dressed by the sergeant and stood at ease. Twosentriestake post oneither sideof the altar; their bayonets gleam in the flood light. The priest comes tothealtarand theMass begins. Thebandstrikesupandfrom the throats of eighteen hundred soldiers pours out the familiar notes of the"Adeste Fideles."

Awarningbell as thetimeof Oonsecration draws near. All heads are bowedinadorationoftheirGod. Then, loud and clear, comes the command: "Slope arms)" The Sacred Host is raised aloft. The guard presents arms. A fanfare-of trumpets bursts t

forth, and as the plaintive notes flow on even the most hardened ones amongst us feel aquickening of the pulse, and from our hearts we pray: "0, glorious Child, as soldiers we salute you—grant us Thylove."

The Mass continues. The guard comesdown to theorder, andthe two posted sentries stand at ease. Communion time arrives. Eight hundred men move forward to meet their God and receive Him into theirhearts.The Mass draws to an end—'the Last Gos. pel. Aeain we riseand sing thistune: Silent Night, Holy Night." At last, "Den Gratias': and the priest leaves the altar. It is finished. The guard marches out, leaving the officer alone facing the stage and altar. A smart salute, and he, too, turns and follows his.men. "As soldiers of our King.

A Way Out of Industrial Anarchy

Original Study of Industrial Councils

Recent troubles in Australian industry—bickerings, strikes, threats of strikes—are filling the ordinary citi• zen with alarm. "If these things can happen in the midst of astruggle for our very existence," he asks, "what hopeisthereforpeace and orderwhen the war threat is removed?" All but afew extremist Left-Wingers, and a few crusty Capitalists want 'to see happy and constructive co-operation betweenowners and workers. Butso far, themachinery for co-operation has been lacking.

What can be done to provide such machinery for friendly regular consul.

DEATHS

O'LEARY, Daniel John.—On January 26, at Merredin, loved brother of Frank (Bedford Downes), Arthur (Hall's Creek), Charlie, deceased (Wembley Park). Rest inpeace.

+ IN MEMORIAM +

OnService.

MITCHELL, Clement Patrick.—In sad and loving memory of our dear son and brother, Pat, killed in action at Wau, New Guinea, February 3, 1943. Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy onhissoul.

—Inserted by his loving mother, sis. ters andbrothers.

DOWLING—Inloving memoryof our darling mother, Ellen, who passed away February5, 1942; also ourdear dad, died suddenly March 1, 1938. Sweet Jesus, have mercy on their souls.

—Insertedbytheir lovingdaughters, Mollie(Mrs. Frederick), Ciss, and sonic-law,JackCoultas.

FISHER—In loving memory of my dear husband, Samuel, vho passed away at St. John of God Hospital, February 4, 1938. No just to-day, but every day, in silence Iremember.

FISHER, Sam—Died February 4, 1938. Pray for his soul, Sweet Motherof Christ.

—Inserted by sincere friends, Wally and Ted Price..

FLYNN.—In sad but loving memory of our dear father Thomas James Flynn, who departed this life un January 24, 1936; also our loving mother, Catherine Flynn, who also departed this life on June 23, 1944, Most Sacred,,Heart of Jesus, have ­!revon their souls. R.I.P.

—Inserted by their loving childr_n, Charlie, Kitty, Mollie, Tim and Jack.

McMANUS.-Of your charity,pray for the repose of the soul of our dearly loved daughter and sister, Theresa, diedFebruary9, 1940. R.I.P.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy onher soul,

—Insertedby her loving motherand sisters.

tation between employers and unions, for giving the workers some share in the control of industrial organisation, and, finally, some share in ownership of capitalgoods?

Many eminent thinkers—including the Popes andCatholic social authorities—havebeentalkingin termsofsetting up permanent bodies to provide for such consultation, and for greater powers for each industry to run its own affairs. In few countries, how. ever, have practical measures been taken. This is agreat tragedy, for, asPope Pius XI, said, disasterwillfall fall on us unless remedies are found and found quickly.

A group of Melbourne men well versed in Catholic social doctrine, and each anexpertinhis own field, got to work on this problem, 'They have now set out some clear and concrete

proposals in abooklet of 64 pages-"Self-Govermnent-for industry'—published by the Australian National Secretariat of Catholic Action. This pamphlet deserves the serious attention of everyone concerned with the establishment of a Christian social order. Initiscollectedamassofuseful information not previously brought together. Unsuspected possibilities are revealed, and amodel Constitution for an Industrial Councilisanachievement of considerablevalue—something never attempted before in Australia.

The authors of the pamphlet are neither pretentious nor dogmatic. They are under no illusions about the practical difficulties of starting Indus. trial Councils here. But they see no other alternative to class-hatrgd, and even revolution, and they have sufficient faith in Australians to believe than, if they are shown asensible way out of their difficulties, they will take it.

This important and original booklet is on sale at Catholic booksellers for one shilling. Bulk supplies are avail• able from A.N.S.C.A. Publications De. partment, 379 Collins Streeg, Melbourne, for pine shillings per dozen.

• we salute You, our God. May we alsobe worthy our

QUAIN.—In loving memory of Mary Quain, who departed this life on February 8, 1937.' R.I.P.

of Thy name."

The Senior Chaplain of the Division approaches the microphone on the stage. Ile gives us ashort soldiers' sermon,verymuchtothepoint wishes usaHappy Christmas, andcommends its to His care.

Once more we rise and sing "God Save the King; 'and as we sing. we pray. "Peace on earth this day for our King and hisEmpire.andsmay w' soonreturn toourhomesand families."

It is aclear and starlit night. These same stars are shiningdown on Palestine and so did shine over 1,900 years aro.

There is much banterandsomehorseplav in the trucks, as we rush along with the cool night air on our faces. And why not? For our harts are filled with lightandlove and laughter. "Tnie de vivre!" The pabe ow Bethlehem is with us to-nieht—Pt. E. Vavasour,-II.Q., 18 Aust.Inf, Bde.

—Inserted by her loving husband and family.

WIGGETT.—In affectionate memory of our dear mother, who died January 29, 1935. May the Sacred Heartof Jesushave mercy on her soul.

—Insertedby Madge and Hilda.

WANTED.

Wanted aTeacher for a Primary Grade, Christian Brothers College, St. George's Terrace, Perth. Apply by letter.

FAREWELL TO JANUARY.

January isleaving us. Asaparting gift it may bestow £2000 of quick money on you. Get atickettoday in the No. 241b Cha ,

ities Consultation. Pirst prize is E2.000.

CHURCH METAL FURNISHINGS

MADE OR REPAIRED.

Flynn & Flynn GENERAL ENGINEERS. TEL.: B7098. 440 MURRAY STREET, PERTH.

PAINTING FOR PERROTT -- PERROTT FOR PAINTING.

D.

C. PERROTT 'PHONEB5548

10 CAMELL 8?., NORTH PEBTB. PAINTING CONTRA(,TOR CONTRACTOR TO THE LEADING CONVENTS, COLLEGES,AND SCHOOLS.

D. HILL

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BUTCHER. NEWCASTLE ROAD, MIDLAND JUNCTION. Tel. 118 Mriland. TRUSSED POULTRY.

BASSENDEANBAKERY

N. LOVEL OCK

'TEL.: 101.128.

BAKER AND PASTRYCOOH, ETC. WEST ROAD,BASSENDEAN.

SAY "ISAW YOUR AD. IN 'THE RECORD."'

J.NEILSON ,Optician

DANNELL, F.S.M.C. lLondonl, W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST, Tel,: 132014. 16 PLAZA ARCADE, PERTH

BRYANT & WATERS,

80 to90 STIRLING ST., PERTH WOOD & COALMERCHANTS.

Orders Promptly Attended To. 'Phone:B3938.

S. BEECROFT —Butcher

181 Rokeby Road, Subiaco.

Daly Prime Ftesn Killed Moan Sold 'Pbone W1373.

BUNBURY.

LAND and ESTATE AGSNT, G. H. TEEDE.'Phone 31 Private 267 SMITH'S BUILDINGS, WEIJU GTON ST., BUNBURY. Businesses,Farms,Ho ses,Land For Sale.

PATRONISE OUR ADVERTISERS

ALRA14Y

11. C.PriorFuneralDirector

ALBANY (Established 1921) l Private Mortuary.Motor Vehicles, Cha-ges Moderate. Phone Z15.

Albany, Mt. Barker, Denmark and Districts,

KALGOORLIE.

J. W. SHEEHAN, PRIME BELF BUTCHER.

HANNAN ST., KALGOORLIZ. \IARITANA STREET, Tel.439. .. .......... Tel.438

ALEX RODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgent

802 HAY STREET. AGENT FOR W.A. CHARITIES Ring B5841 and B5236.

III111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIII IIIIIIIINIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIlllul T. VIVIAN, 143 Rokeby-toad, Subiaco. W1539 FOR SEWERAGE CONNECTIONS, W1539.

Bad Water Pressure, Broken Pedestal Pans, Blocked Sewer Drains, Cistern and Roof Repairs, T.V. Headlight Masks to Appioved Design.

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIN11•1

Catholic Girls' Movement

HEADQUARTERS AND CLUB ROOMS:

Bank of N.S.W. Chambers, 86 St. George'sTerrace (near Sherwood Court)—Rooms: 7.10 First Floer. • CALENDAR.

MONDAY:

Shorthand,5.15 p.m. Liturgy, 8p.m.

TUESDAY:

Physical Culture, 7--8 p.m. Arts andCrafts, 8p.m. Orchestra, 8p.m. Dramatics, 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Red Cross—E.S.C., 8p.m. Dressmaking, 7p.m Shorthand, 5.15 p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS, 8a.m. EXPOSITION, BENEDICTION, 5.15 p.m. Choir, 8par..

SATURDAY: Gremlins' Club. 3p.m.

E.S.C. GROUP.

The next meeting will be on February 7. Sister Roberts will lecture on "Food for Beauty." Now, girls, this is something we are all keen to know about, and Sister Roberts is always interesting, so remember the elate and come along.

PROPAGATION IOF THE FAITH.

iIn the wake of tear follow death, famine, poverty and despair. Those whose faith is firm and sure are subject to temptation: how much more difficult it is for those to whom the Faith isnew, to whom pagan tradition and customs are more familiar? Hence the importance of the absolute necessity of establishing Catholicism -

on a solid foundation in mission territory. The spiritual and temporal support of the 1\ lions is not simply part of the vocation ofafew,but is acommonobligation of every member of the Church.

ORCHESTRA.

Practices are held every Tuesday eevning A 8o'clock. New members will Ec welcome, and old members are asked to note that the practices have commenced.,again for this year, after the holiday break.

ARTS IAND CRAFTS.

This activity is held every Wednesday at 8p.m. As articles are finished by the members, they arc placed fn the show case in the C.G:Nl. Office for sale.

OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES,

The E.S.C. Group are holding a river trip on Tuesday, February 13 and as proceeds are for the Prisoner of War Fund we would like you all to come with your friendsand join in the fun. The boats leave Barrack-street Jetty at 7.45 p.m., and will stop at Point Walter, where drinks will be ob tainable, and where there will be danc. ing. Tickets are 2s.each and are obtainable at the office.

FUTURE DATES TO BEAR IN MIND.

Thursday, Feb. 22: Scavenger Hunt.

Sunday, March II: Tennis afternoon at the Zoo.

Friday,March 16: River trip.

THE LATE P/O BOB ACRES.

P/O Bob Acres lost his life in an ' aircraft crash over France last year. Ile, with othersof thecrew, wasburied by French civilians at Wissant near Cape de Gris Nez Pas de Calais.

In aletter to his parents, he was cited as "amost efficient member of his crew, whose skill and courage Las been an inspiration to us all. Ile was most popular, and will be greatly , missed by his many friends in the squadron."

Bob was educated at St. Brigid's, West Perth, and later at St. Patrick's Boys'-School Wellington-street. He was an active member of the St. Vincent de Paul Society and the Holy Name Society after leaving school. Before joining up in 1941 he was employed in the Alines Department. His parents have the great consolation of knowing that, every time he. flew, he went up prepared to make the great sacrifice should it be asked of him. May this knowledge h_lp them to bear their great loss. R.1.P,

Credence

Iknow an avenue of shady trees.

Whose branchy limbs fraternally above Are interspaced in fondest sweep of love.

And, thro' their path of hope and peace, one sees

Close to the western end, at sunset hour,

The shining of aclear and golden light.

Illumining the shades,till all is bright, And earthisfilled withwondrousgrace' and power.

A parable of living mutely shown1

Which wakens Faith,and silently declares

That Hope onevisions,and the Love one shares

She'll change alot in another year, but she'll never be sweeter than she is to-day. Keep that sweetness for the years to come. Have anew Portrait made now. Ring B8833 for the appointment.

Sunday,March 25: Kalamunda—ten. nis—hike.

Thursday, April 5: Barbecue.

Friday,April 13: Crabbing party.

Sunday,April 22:Picnic at National Park.

TENNIS.

If you can play tennis, or if you want to learn how, come to Robert. son Park,courts 7and 8, any Saturday afternoon, and we'll do the rest.

SOFTBALL.

All are welcome at practices which are held every Friday at 5.30 p.m. or thereabouts on the Esplanade, behind C.B. College. As none of us know very much about the game, don't be backward in joining this sport, as we are all starting from scratch.

PHYSICAL CULTURE.

Watch this column for the commencing date of this popular activity. CHOIR

We need you for our Choir. We have agood choir now, but we want a (Continued footof next column.)

Give truest pledge of Heaven ever known, And still win hearts,as hearts were' won of old, In those far years nigh twice athou. sand told.

—Charles Hilson.

still bigger and betterone—one which is really worthy of the C.G.M. We have great plans for our forthcoming concert, but if we are to carry them' out we will need amuch larger choir.` You don'thave tohaveanoutstanding voice, just one that is fairly respect able and can keep in tune.

If youhavebeenatalossas to what activity to belong, perhaps a little suggestion would not go amiss. Come along to choir at the Rooms at P o'clock on Thursdays.

Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Heaton, Stocks of Paints,Varnish, Calcomfne. Hassell's Stores,Perth,.. B5307.

i

Dr.AlexisCarrelTestifiedtoBeliefinGod,MiraclesandPrayer

Intense, Absorption in Biology Led Him to Examine the Invisible in Man

Deductions Confirmed By a Miracle at Lourdes --

Very great interest will attach to the appearance, already announced, of Dr. Alexis Carrel's forthcoming book on Prayer. Dr. Carrel himself died at the age of seventy-one in Paris on November S. 1944, having received the last Rites of the Church. "Cold, privations and isolation" had brought great suffering tohimself and his wife, he wrote in his last letter to a lifelong American friend,

In his famous work,"Man the Un. known," Dr. Carrel set the scientific world agog by revealing some of the workings of his own intelligence. We say much when we say that Dr Car. rel, an eminent biologist and surgeon, Nobel Prize winner, etc., regarded as arank materialist in his earlier days, testifiedfranklytohisbeliefinGcd,in miracles and in the needand value of prayer. Miracles are unpopular among physical scientists, but they are acardinal point of proof in the field of Christian apologetics. The true nature and significance of miracles, from the Christian and Scriptural standpoint, are constantly misrepresented by unbelievers and by religiously illiterate persons. With utterlack oflogic, yet with terrific persistence, the possibility of miracles and their probative character are attacked on supposedly scientific grounds. The sophistry of a Hume and the passion of aZola have been marshaled against them.

But Dr. Carrel's testimony has an added significance from the fact, as yet not fully appreciated, that he advanced step by step toward accepting spiritual truth and practising the CatholicFaith throughhisintenseabsorp. tion in the physical mysteries of man a —the very field which the materialist most eagerly cultivates against the ' spiritual. Becausehe was so passionately interested in man the visibly known andknowable,hefound himself driven to testify to the invisible in man. He so stubbornly wanted to know all about physical man that he was driven to know God, who made man, if his own quest was not to be completelyfrustrated.

I

There were two notable traits in Carrel's mind which help to explain him and his career. Oneof these was asingulpr concreteness—the mind par excellence of the biological scientist. The stocky, round-faced, smiling little man had the mind of the researcher, infinitely patient, cautious, yet boldly explorative" His concreteness, if l may cite it such, was irritating and charming at the same time. "At battom," he said,"Iam a soil-clinging, obstinate Auvergnat peasant." Just after the fallMFrance, Ihad the odd satisfaction of brincing Jarques Maritain and Dr. Carrel together for the first time in their lives. It was an animated three or four hours. "What ,

it

wonderful man isMaritain" remark. ed Carrel aday or twolater.,

ed M. \laritain, also,afew days later, "Burt so difficult amind to under. stand!" As aconsequence, the two men made another date and spent a iew more hours together.

Dominating all the Doctor's career, especially in the later phases of his life, was his passionate desire to use his knowledge for the real good, the lasting benefit, of mankind. Characteristic of Carrel was his intense concern about good preaching. He was doubtful whether the parish clergy were reaching the heartsof the young men of our times. "Do they check up," he asked, "do they really check up on what changes that preaching and the Sacraments are making?"

In complete innocence, Ibelieve, of any political pre-occupations, he hur• riedbackto France afterthe invasion, inordertosave thehealthandlivesof the French children. It was his misfortune that he found considerable support for his biological studies and projects in the co-operation of other persons whose motives were not idealistic, who had their political (

some of them their Vichy) axes togrind. The scientific borderland where Carrel toiled is ahappy hunting-ground for cer. tain typesof ideological schemers. The effects of such association appear to havylefthim in an exposedand sornewhat politically helpless condition at the liberation of France. Buthistory, Iam convinced, will amply vindicate the honesty and goodness of Alexis Carrel; and science will give increasing recognition to his spiritual testi mony. His reputation will grow with the lapse of time.

HIS PIAITH AT THE LAST.

The death 4 Dr. Alexis Carrel in France has served to recall that the famous scientist freely professed his belief in miracles and the beneficial effectofprayers.

This confession of belief in miracles, made by aman whose surgical skill and research achievements won the admiration of the world, folowed by a visit by the Yamous doctor ti the Shrine of Lourdes, He had gone there deliberately in the search of amiracle.

(Press reports of Dr. Alexis Carrel's first illness and death in France stated that he received the Last Sacramentsbefore he died.)

Dr.Carrel went one time to Lourdes tosee amiracle.

deceased hand, but arapid reduction of the swelling of it and arapid ap. pearance of a well-flesh dormation around alarge hole in the•swollen member.

Next day, the two doctors return. ed in theearly morning to watch the further rapid reduction of the swelling and of the formation of the new flesh and to attest their medical opin. ion.

Dr. Carrel said to Dr. Laplace: 'I sat up the whole night, Icould not sleep. When Ireturn to America, I shall write abook explaining how naturally under the stress of unusual excitement, latent curative values are set up in the body that produce these curativeeffects.'

"Dr. Laplace:'St. Augustine dissolved that objection in the fourth cen. tury.'

"Some time passed when, after his return to America, Dr. Carrel said:'I now believe that what Isaw was a supernatural effect.' And not long afterward, he was moved to write his book, 'Man the Unknown: in which he states that there are miracles, that they happen through prayer, and often through the prayer of someone other than the recipient of the miraculous cure. And finallyin the book, he pays tribute to the CatholicFaith."

"Some years later when Dr. Carrel was at the Rockefeller Foundation, he invited me over to have luncheon with him,and Itold himwhatDr.Laplace had said of him. 'So you were talking about me to my friend Laplace,' was his response.

"After the luncheon, Isaid to Dr. Carrel:'You believed at the time, or so declared, that what happened was

"But 1 wish I could understand something about SaintThomasAquinas. Thave neverbeen able to make anything out of himl" "Remarkable man;" observFOR

Grocery Orders

RING B141.

James Sheahan

'S BURT STREET,

As he stood in the crowd-bordering the group of the afflicted who had beenbathed in the Lourdes pool, and as he watched aBishop bearing a golden Monstrance with Our Lord in_ the Blessed Sacrament, and blessing these sick persons, suddenly, right before his eyes, Dr Carrel saw ayoung man so blest and holdingout a hand swollen several times beyond its natural size, raise his arms, shouting, "I am cured. Iam cured." '

"Dr. Carrel, standing close to the young man, reached outand took him by the wrist• while thelate Dr. Ernest Laplace, noted Philadelphia surgeon, medical director of Misericordia Hospital and later clean of the Graduate School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, reached out and took hold of the other arm of the young man. And then, the two noted men of medicine—unaware that either was present—beheld each other. Both accompanied the young man to the Medical Bureau at Lourdesand watch. ed on the way thereand atthe bureau the effect of the miracle, which was not asudden complete curing of the

anatural effect. What do you think now?' He repliel:'Ibelieve it was supernatural:"

Dr. Carrel, whodied at Paris on November6, wasoneofsix American scientists nominated by Pope Pius XI in 1936, along with sixty-four other distinguished figures in the world of science, for membership in the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, which was reformed in that year by Pius XI in the'Motu Proprio"in Multis Solaciis."

In 1912 Dr. Carrel was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Pyhsiology for his contributions to surgical technique and his pioneer experiments on the transplantation of organs. During the first world'war, he collaborated in developingtheCarrel-Dakir Solution for prevention of infection in wounds.

He wasborninSainte FoylegLyon, France,in 1837. HecametotheUnit. ed States in AN and worked in the physiology laboratories of the University df Chicagountilhejoinedthe staff of the Rockefeller Institute for Medi. cal Research in 19(16. Hg became a full member of the institute in 1912 andretired in 1939at theage of sixtysix. He returned to his native France in 1940 on aspecial mission for the French Ministry of Health pertaining to work for the children cif France.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, Dr. Carrel

reeeived theNordhoff-Jung Cancer Prize in 1931' and the Newman Foundation Awatd of the Universityof Illinois in 1937.

Again Pre-War Quality Roof Paint, 28/- Pal. MillWhite,4/-tin. Hassell's, 669 Wellington Street,.

Our Catholic Schools and Colleges

Loreto Convent "Osborne" — Claremont BOARDINGAND

DAY COLLEGE.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducation on modern lines in all branches of study. The pupils are prepared forallexaminations. Tha School is beautifully F;trated between Ocean and River, in extensive grounds. with fine playing fields and Frivate Swimming Pool in River. Telephone: F2135. , Apply— MOTHER SITPFUPM

SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL

HIGHGATE — PERTH.

(CONDUCTED BY THE SISTERS NOTRE DAME DES MISSIONS). BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. PUPILS PREPARED ALL EXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORI SCHOOL FOR YOUNG CHILDREN , For Prospectus apply— 'Phar.e: B3810. REV. MOTHER PRIORESS

ST. ILDEPHONSUS" COLLEGENEW NORCIA

CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS. Catholic boys recommended on the score of character by their Parish Priest, and ready to commence at least Sixth Standard or art,val, can be now enrolled for commencement in February, 1946. Application shouldbemade at once. Acceptanceduring1946is nolonger possible. For Particulars Apply to—THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

CHLISTIAN BROTHXRS,MZ. HENRY.

ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A. .AQUINAS COLLEGE

TELEPRONE: MU1610. POk BOARDERS AND DAY STUDENTS. BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS. Beautifully Situated, overlooking the river, near the new Canning Bridge. For Particulars apply to— The Principal, Aquinas College, CanningParade,MLHoary

Boys'Town,Bindoon,HonoursBrother-

ThemonthofAugustsawthecentenary of the death of Brother Edmund Ignatius Rice, founder oftheChristian Brothers. In the eightdifferentcoon. tries of the world,including the most important countries of the British Commonwealth of Nations and the UnitedStates,and wherever the Christian Brothers are established,appropriatecelebrationswere held to honour their founder,

Christian Brothersand Benedictines of NewNorciaJoinin UniqueCelebration

Owing toan extensivebuilding programme,the time was not opportune for the Bindoon Community to carry out the celebrations. However, the event wascarriedout with great eclat onThursday,December21. Practical-

Rabbits...

Fresh Supplies of Prime Rabbits Arrive at

CHARLIE CARTER'S 'EVERY DAY

Charlie Carter's are Westralia's Lading Grocers

Dine Dail in..

ly the whole df the New Norcia BenedictineCommunity joinedthe Brothers inwhatmustgodownin theannalsof the Institution as ared-letter day in the history of Boys'Town,Bindoon, TheBrothersthroughoutAustralia,and particularlyintheEasternStates,have planned to erect "The Rice Memorial" Juniorate at SMathfield,at acost of fS25,000. Not to be out-done in generosity, the Brothers and boys of Bindoon have contributed to the general programme ,and by their labours have presented their founder with two completedbuildings, and have commenced on the foundation of athird.

Even so, Brother Keaney would not content himself with such a splendid achievement but invited the LordAbbotandtheBenedictine Communityof NewNorciatoadd theirown contribution to the celebrations. These consistedofaSolemnHighMassandBenediction. The Very Rev. Father Prior was the celebrant,rwith Doing Michael and Basil as deacon and sub-deacon. TheLordAbbotpresidedat-thethrone, assisted by Fathers Paul and Gregory. The Mass, sung by the Benedictine Choir, was "Missa Undeoima," in two parts, the composer, Father Moreno, presidingat theorgan. TheOffertory. also by Father Moreno, was rendered in three parts, and the Proper of the Mass was sung in GregorianChant. A most edifying feature of the Mass was the approachingof the boys to receive Holy Communion, having kept their fast well up to I1 o'clock. The Mass over, Solemn Benediction with 4

the Blessed Sacrament with given by His Lordship whilst the choir sang two of Father Moreno's beautiful.motets in three parts. After the Adoremus the whole congregation joined in the sing ing df the well known hymn, "Hail, Queen of Heaven." The altar was tastefully decorated, the Matron and herbov helpersbeing congratulated on theirfine effort. Father Joseph, D.S.B. was master of ceremonies. The religi., ous ceremonies being at an end the day wasgiven over to innocent jovial ityandamusement.

At 11.30 a.m. the Brothers boys and -the Benedictine Community assembled in the Recreation Hall. Here an impromptu concert was 'staged. The Fathers carried out literally the in. junction of the Master."Suffer the lit. tlechildren to come unto Ate." Thev joined the.-

Brothers and boys yholeheartedly in an hour of delightful en. tertainment.

Fourth Floor.

Rice

The Benediotines joined`in the con. cert

programmewithgusto.

Atumultous hand-clapping from the boysfollowedtherenderingin fourunaccompanied parts of the beautiful "Comrades in Arms," by the French composer,AdolpheAdam.

Rev.DomMorenoconductedthrough. outtheentertainment. At 1p.m. the Lord Abbot invited the Christian Bro. thers to join the Benedictine Fathers at aluncheon in the newdining hall. The Matron and her youthful charges hadtheroomtastefullydecorated. ,

The gathering sat down to asumptuous repast—"aSpanish dinner"—prepared by the BrothersofNew Norcia.

During the afternoon,the Superior, Brother Ethelred,and the Community of St. Ildephonsus'College,New Norcia, broke their journey en routefrom Perth, where they had just completed their annual retreat,and joined the Brothers andBenedictines in an after. noon of joviality. Many of the Fathers took the opportunityofseeing overthe Bindoonproperty.The younger ones, includingthe Benedictine students, engaged in some shooting and swimming. Teawas served at 6p.m. and 7p.m. saw the care and the Community truck speeding northwards boundforNewNorcia. Thusendeda happy day—aday in many ways unique in the history of Bindoon.

H.A.C.B.S.

Our Lady Help ofChristians'Branch, East Victcria Park.

A

3-COURSE MID-DAY DINNERS .. .. FROM 1/6 GRILLS .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. FROM 1/6

BOANS CAFETERIA

Brother Keaney introduced the Lord Abbotandthe BenedictinestoBrothers andiboys. He stressedthegreat privilegeofhaving the Benedictines intheir midstfor_the frst time as abody—and expressed the hope ofitsnotbeing the last time. He explained to the boys how grartedul they should be to-their chaplains, who veryoften in their min. istryhad toputupwithagooddealof inconvenience travelling to and from New Norcia in an old truck; the weatherattimesbeing most tryingand all without the least complaint. It was awonderful lesson in humility: one thattheBrothersanti boyswould never forget.

The Lord Abbot, responding, thank. ed Brother Keaney for his kind remarks. His was aheartfelt praise .

Of the Christian Brothers'Congregation, whom he styled"the Benjamin of the CatholicChurch." It hadevery reason tobeproud of its name,since,like the tribe(of old. it produced another great Paulinthe person of Brother Ignatius Rice.

Rev, Brother I. Keenan (Superior, C,B.C., Geraldton) proposed avote of thanks to the Lord Abbot for hiskind remarks in reference to ,

the Christian Brothers. Ile conveyed the thanks of theBrothers and boys to the Benedic• tines for their presence at the days function, and spoke ;nhigh complimentary terms of the devotional ren. deringof the Mass musicby the BcnedictineCommunity.

The boys then treated the audience to ascientific display of boxing. interspersedwithsolo singing. Alex Keith's. rendering of"The Rose of Tralee" was loudly and deservedly applauded.

Bro. President presided over afairly well attended meeting on January 23. Sr. Ryan and Bros. Ramsay and 4 O'Leary were reported on the sick list. Letters were received from Bro. E. M<Carthv (A.I.F.) and Bro. W. Wallace (R.A.A.F.), thanking members for their Xmas parcels. -

It was reported that Bro. J Palmer (AI.F.) was to be married in Queensland on February 10, whilst Bro. W. McCarthy (P.O.. R.A.A.F.), intended being married on his next leave. Congratulationsandbestwishes were extendedto these members from all the branch. Bro. K. Sturtridge was the winner of theluckseat.

CO-OPERATION

(Continued from Page 5.)

all been paid off. The E.S, and A. Bank none holds money on fixed deposit for the Movement. Inresponse to aquestionas tohow it wasexpected to save the co-operatives from any possible depressionin the post-warperiod, Mr. Johnson said he was firmly convin(ed that with the wealth of experiencebehind the Movement and its system of cash trading, no bad debts would beincurred.

t

Paul Kerrigan: 11 subjects, 2distinc• tions.

Gerald Laurence: 11 subjects, 7dis. tinctions.

William Laurissen: 9subjects, 3dis. tinctions.

Francis Lynch: 9subjects, 2 distinc• tions.

Charles McCartney: 5subjects, Idistinction.

Murray McDonald: 10 subjects, 1distinction.

%•IIINI►IIIIIIIII•II'" %•! I••

CENTRAL CATHOLIC LIBRARY - 36 PIER STREET, PERTH

By "LAURI."

Mark me! Ine'erpresume to teach

The man of wisdom, grey and sage, 'Tis to the growing Iwould preach, From moral text and simple page —Eliza Cook.

BOOKS ABOUT AUSTRALIA are enjoying an unprecedented popularity, and that is avery healthy sign. We hope in the near future to build up a first class AUSTRALIAN SECTION, including everything that is worthy of the name "Australian Literature." Such an ambition cannot be realised as yet,still, you will see in our weekly notes, from time to time, that we are includingAustralianbooks, old and new. We will welcome any suggestions in this regard. If you know of agood Australian book, tell us.

Among this week's new books are "WE FIND AUSTRALIA;" by Chas. H. Holmes, A book no travel]over should miss ...dull ofinfectious bumour (5/9); "WALTZING MATILDA" (Arnold Haskell), 6/9: new copies of "AUSTRALIAN JOURNEY;" by Paul McGuire (13/6); "THE UNBROKEN HEART," by Robert Speaight (7/6): e' "FAREWELL MY YOUTH," being the reminiscences of Sir Arnold Bax, famousmusician, "Master of the King's

Musick." He tells of aholiday in Russia, recollections of old Queen's Hall days, and brings into his pages interesting jottings of other famous musicians (12/6): "THE LITTLE SHIPS," the story of the ships which saved Dunkirk as surely as Drake's saved England in the days of the Armada (9/6). A biography of LAFAYETTE. by Count Michael de la Bedoyere, and "NENV INVENTIONS" (Kipling).

WANTED URGENTLY FORA SCHOOL.

One of our convent schools is in need of eleven copies of "BLACK BEAUTY." If any readers have copies of this book which they no longer require, we will gladly buy them, provided they are in faircondition. Post or bring in to the Librarian as soon as possible. We will be very grateful for any co-operation whatever in con• nection with second-hand school books. If you know of no childwanting your old books, will you let us have them. We know of plenty who are unable to buy owing,to the acute shortage. We have at present good stocks of the Oxford, Temple and West Aus• tralian Readers. Beacon No, 1Read• ers are on order. Exercise Books, etc., expected any day.

Christian Brothers'High School,Highgate

(ContinuedfromPage4,)

.Arith., Alg., Geog., Phys., Chem. McAuliffe, F.: Hist., Arith. (d), 'Phys., Chem. Morgan, F.:Geom„ Phys.,Chem. (d) wdurk, P.: Hist., Lat., Geom., Phys., Chem. Nelson,K.: Religion, Eng., Lat. , Arith. (d), Alg., Geom., Phys., Chem. O'Reilly, D.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat., Arith. (d), Alg., Geom., Geog., Phys. Pitts,

J,: Eng., Hist., Lat., Arith., Alg., Geom., Chem. s

Randall, J.: Hist., Lat., Arith. (d), Alg. (d), Geom.,Geog., Phys., Chem. Rhodes, B.: Religion, Eng„ Lat., Geom., Chem. Slattery, P.: Religion, Lat., Arith. Skipworth, L: Religion, Eng., Hist (d), Lat. (d), Arith., Alg. W. Geom., Geog,, Phys, Chem. -Smith, C.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat. (d). Arith. (d), Alg., Geom., Geog., Phys., Chem. Silverlock, G.: Eng., Hist., Lat., Arith. (d), Alg., Geom., Phys. Taylor T.: Religion, Eng., Hist., Lat. (d), Adib. (d), Alg., Geoni., Geog., Phys, (d), Chem. W.

CRISTIAN BROTHERS'PRIMARZ SCHOOLS'EXA,MMAT10:4.

SIXTH GRADE.

All candidates were presented in the following subjects: Religion, English, Composition, Arithmetic, Mensuration, Mental Arithmetic, History, Geo.

Randolph Knapp (W.A.O.A.).

SIGHT•TF,STINGOPTICIAN.

12 ATWELL ARCADE, rREMANTLE L15R2

Patronise Our Advertisers.

graphy, Dictation. Writing and Science.

Ronald Nielson obtained sixth place in the aggregate. First place in Composition was obtained by Clawent Naughton. Equal fast pla_et were obtained in Arithmetic by K. Apple. ton R. Nielsen and A. Urquhart; in Mensuration by R. Nielsen; in Mental Arithmetic by J. Baldwin, C. Barnard, G. Laurence and R. Nielsen; in.Dictation by R.Gosper, In the Home Exercise Competition conducted by the Association, Clement Naughton secured first place and John Baldwin second place in Sixth Grade.

Kevin Appleton: 11 subjects, 3 distinctions.

Brian Bailley; 6subjects.

John Baldwin: 11 subjects, 6distinc• tions.

Cedric Barnard: 10 subjects, 7distinctions.

Maurice Baker: 9subjects, 3distinctions.

Richard Bignell: 8subjects, 4distinctions.

Austin Capper: 7subjects, 2distinc• tions

Robert Callaghan: 7subjects, 2 distinctions.

Reginald Coombs:9subjects, 4distinc• tions.

Trevor Crowe: 11 subjects, 7distinctions

Edwin Davey: 11 subjects, 4 distinctions.

Michael Dwyer: 4subjects.

IBarry Dunham: 5subjects.

Brian Foley: 6subjects, 3distinctions.

Rodney Gosper: 10 subects, 7 distinctions.

Leonard Gangell: 7subjects.

Brian Harty: 5subjects, 2distinctions, Samuel Hunter: 10 subjects,3distinc• tions.

Charles Houston: 9subjects, 4distinc• !ions.

Vivian Herbert: 5subjects, 3distinc lions.

Brian anions: 3subects, Idistinction.

George Markey: 7subjects, 2distinctions.

Craven Mohr: 4subjects, 1distinction.

Clement Naughton: 9subjects, 2distinctions.

Ronald Nielsen: 10 subjects, 8distinc•

tions

Peter Pike: 4subjects.

Norman Paxman:7subjects,1distinction.

Thomas Pell: 11 subjects,7distinctions

Robert Ramsey: 11 subjects, 5distinc• tions

John Self: 10subjects, 3distinctions

Arthur Scurry: 6subjects, 1distinction

Terence Skehan: 7subjects, 4distinctions.

Bruce Reynolds: 4subjects '

Adrian Urquhart: 10 subjects, 6dis. tinctions

Ronald Watts: 10 subjects, 6distinc• tions, (Distinction: 80 per cent. or over.)

P. H. JAMES '

QUALITY BUTCHER, 50 Hampton .Road, Beaconsfield 'PHONE L2492. FOR PMMZST QUALITY KEAT.• YOUR RECOMMENDATION APPRECIATED.

-State SawmillsSPECIALISE IN LOCAL TIMBERS STATE PRESSED BRICKS AND Other Builders' Requisites 306 MURRAY ST., PERTH

Also at Country and Metropolitan Yards.

Hotel and Accommodation Guide COUNTRY.

DUKE OF YORK HOTEL, NARROGIN.

Reconditioned and Refurnished. New Lounge,Dining Rooms, and Commercial Rooms.

ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth).

GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL, Con HANN,,N & NETHER. COTT STS., KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR ..., Proprietor.

'Phone 13. .. .. .. .. Box 144. AUSTRALIA HOTEL, XAIGOORLIL

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St. Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold Water in Hotel Bathrooms. Refrigeration Throwhout. Only Lock-Up Garages in the Centre of Town. M. J. DILLON, licensee.

KEOUGH'S forCATERING

Any Number,Plus,or Time.

Three Reception Rooms for Hire.

On Hire: Crockery.Cutlery and Glassware, etc. 'Phone: B9454. GLAD KEOUGH. NEWCASTLE ST., PERTH.

FREEMASONS HOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent cuisine. Amstice Refrigerator Imt&Uo& Old and New Friend,6are Cordially Welcomed. MRS. E. WING, Proprietress.

HOTEL PERTH.

JACK EDDINGTON, Proprietor.

EXCELLENT ACCOMMODATION.

STAN.

-Make

accessories from materials offering in Foy's new Homecraft Section. Here youmaypurchasespeciallyselected skins in suitable lengths for bags,belts,dresstrimmings, cushions, table centres,etc., at very reasonable prices. Youwillfind these materials delightfully easy to makeupand the results will thrillyou.

Featisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It ison sale in Foy'sHomecraftSectioninmany lovely colours. Hereisagrand opportunity for you to save money by making your own Christmasgiftsthisyear.

Returning home from his office, the father asked his children whether they had been good.

"Oh, yell" said his little daughter, "I washed up the tea-things."

"And Iwiped them dry," said his small son.

"And what did you do?" he asked, turning to the smallest.

"Ipicked up the pieces,"she answered gleefully.

The dear old lady had used apublic telephone for the first time and had given the operator quite alot of trouble. After finishing her call, however, she dialed"0" yet again and said: "Thank you so much forallthetrouble you've taken. I'm putting another twopence in the box for yourself."

"I want," said the house-hunter, -

"a small house in an isolated position at least five miles from any other house."

"Isee,"said the house agent, wi-th an understanding smile, "you want to practise the simple life."

"No," answered the house-hunter; "I want to practise the trombone."

• * t

Awell-known actor with acaustic wit was having a quarrel with his wife. !After aparticularly biting remark, she burst into tears and said:

"How can you treat me like this when I've given you the seven best years of my life!"

"Good Heavens." replied her busband,"were those yourbest?"

The boy was being interviewed by the rector of aselect Glasgow school with avie%y to his enrolment.

"Wha•t's your name?" he was asked —and replied:"Pa'erson."

"What did you say yourname was? the rector demanded severely.

Taerson," repeated the boy, adding, "with two fs"

lie went in to bat in the village cric. ket match, and was outfirstball.

"Not sogood as last Saturday," said the vicar, pleasantly.

"No fear! When I'd finished that fifty Ifound the other fellows had drunk all the beer."

"I can't lend you fl—I've only got 17/8;" "Give rbe that—I'll trust you for the rest." * * r

Hiker: "Did you have much rain?"

Farmer Giles: "Yes, but my neigh. bour had more."

Hiker:"How could hehavemore?"

Farmer Giles: "He has more land than I."

Themodern butby nomeansmodest author gazed at the inscription,denotingthe house iniwhich Miltonlived.

Author: "Iwonder what they will put after my death on my house?"

Friend:"House to let."

Awoman who wasvery proud of her aristocratic ancestors happened to show her maid the silhouette of an auntof hers. The girl had never seen anything of the kind before, and gazed at theportrait long and earnestly.

"Lor, mum." she said at length. "I always thoughtyou had some relations like that. You're that dark in the face yourself."

The livenvire salesman walked into thefactory and demanded to interview the manager.

Look here sir;' he began energetically,"I'd just like to talkto your men and sell them my correspondence course on how to put fire and sparkle into their work."

Themanager'sface turned pale.

"Get out of here," he roared. "Get out, you blooming idiot .,. this is a dynamite factory."

"Going .to the football match this afternoon,Sid?" asked the first lad as he met an old schoolmate at the post office at lunch-time.

"No," replied Sid sadly;"can't get offwork."

"Cool What about your grand. mother?"

"'Tain't no use. My boss is the local undertaker."

In an agonised whisper the old colonel was addressing his nephew, whose fiancee was sitting at the other endof theroom. i

"Dash it all, young man," said the uncle,as quietly as he could,"Idon't admire your choice of awifeI She's nearlyblind,she stutters her complexion'sawful,herfigure'ssloppy,she

"All right, uncle."-replied the quite unmovednephew. "You needn'twhisper—she'sdeaf."

Thompson had asked Jenkins todinner at his house,and Jenkins didn't turn up. Alew days later the men ,met, and Thompson said: "Do you know Iasked you to dinner the other night?"

"Oh, yes," said Jenkins.

"Then why didn't you come?:'

"Let me think' replied Jenkins."Oh, Irememlxr; Invasn't hungry."

The householder answered a knock on the door to find an unpleasant-look. ing manon the step.

'.1in from the piano stores,"saidthe caller,"and I've avan outside."

"That conveys nothing to me!" snapped the occupier,

"You're rightl" smirked the other. "It conveys something away from you —the piano you've had for month , without paying acent."-

*

*

Mr. Briggs:"So he said Iwas apolished gentleman, did he?"

Mr. Braggs:"Well, yes; it meantthe same thing."

Mr.Briggs:"AliIThatwasverykind ofhim. Whatwerehis exactwords?"

Mr. Braggs:"He said you were a slippery fellow."

"I hear you and your wifehad afew words."

"And Istill have mine. Inevergot achance touse them." + s •

Richards was having his dining-room andhisbathroom repapered. The men arrived to do the job just as he was leaving forthe office.

"Make agood job of it," said Richards.

When he returned home he found that:theworkhad been doneverywell indeed. But the men had made one mistake. They had put the diningroom paper in the bathroom; whilethe dining-room was tastefully adorned in adesign of green tiling and purple water-lilies.

"What are you going to do about it?" demanded Richards. ,

"I dunno, sir," replied the workman. scratching his head. "I'd willingly move the bath,but that'saplumber's job."

Having chosen the cloth for anew suit and had his measurements duly taken theyoung mansaidapologetical• lv_ to the tailor:

"I'm afraid Ishan't be able to par you for three months."

"That's quite all right." the tailor said amiably.

"Oh, jolly decent of you," said the young man. "When will the suit be ready?"

"In threemonths,sir," was the p%1ite answer.

Bluey had left the cookhouse for a fewminutesandhad comebacktofind the company's mascot,acockatoo, at the onions.

Bluey was very angry andsaid,"If I catch you at the onions again, I'll pull everyfeatheroutof yourbody."

Next day the Padre called, and on entering took off his cap, displaying a verybald head.

Cocky immediately screeched out, "Hello, have you been at the onions too?" + t s

After along route march,Curly was paraded before the M.O. to have his feetexamined. The M.O. orderedhim to report to the Camp Chiropodist to havehisfeetattendedto,andhiscorns removed.

When he returned his rdatesenquired if he bad his corns removed.

"No,' replied Curly,"they weren`t corns after all. I'd been marching foraweekwithacollar stud insideme sock:'

Dear Cornerites,—When Iwrote to you last week, the weather was just "sweltering." Now, Iam casting a speculative eye over my winter woollies. There is such anip in the air thatIfeel as ifithey'llbeneeded soon, and it'sonlyJanuary, too. Goodness, there Igo again. Grumbling about the weatherl Ialways seem to be finding somefault with it, and that is avery bad habit. Imusttry andget out of it. Perhaps Ishouldhave made it one of my new year resolutions to stop it. Did you all make new year resolutions,Cornerites. Iwonderhate manyofyouresolvedtohelptheBush. iesjust as much as you can. Nearly all of you did, Iexpect. Ihope you did, anyway.

AUNT BESSY.

• s * NewNorcia.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I hope you and the Bushies are well. Will you send me aprick card, please? Thank you for telling me about the postal note. If you had notsaid anything about it you would not have got it. Igot the card on Saturday andhad it filled on Sunday, that is to-day. Did you get apacket of stamps? Iam going down with Verona to-morrow and I mightcon.e and see you. Theyhada fire over at. the Mission this morning and itcaughtalighttonhecharcoal. I willclose now. Withlove from one of N-our nieces,

LAUREL LANIGAN

Dear Laurel,—Ithink Ishall have to name you "Lightning Prick-Card Filler," and make you my right hand helper with the Wet Blanket. Or would you rather be "Aunt Bessy's Country Representative"? Ihope you

Lemonade. Boftle,

ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS.

> £ s. d. Old Faithful....••...... 10 0 Grateful...... 10 0

.... .. 5 0

AFriend...... 5 0

MaureenMcCarthy ...... .. 2 6

Rosemary Fowler .. .. .. .. 2 6

STAN'I1SC CARDBOARD. PICTURES

No. 11451—TWO-TONED COLOUR.

ED PICTURES. 25 Subjects, comprising:--Sacred Heart, Our Lady, Immaculate Conception, Our Lady of Lourdes, Our Lady and Child, Divine Infant, Our Lord Blessing Children, holy Family, Guardian Angel,St.Joseph,St.Anthony,Little Flower, Communion, Christmas, etc. Size 5in.x31in. 9d.each;8/3 dozen.

No. 11452—COLOURED PICTURES:

In full colours, various subjects, including: Sacred Heart, Imbaculate Heart, Pleading Heart, Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena. Size 51 x31in. 1/- each; 11/. dozen.

No. 11453--COLOURED PICTURES:

In fullcolours. Varioussubjects.including: Sacred Heart, Immaculate Heart,PleadingHeart,Our Lady Refuge of Sinners, Little Flower, St. Philomena,St, Peter, St. Paul, St. Anne. SizeNin,x71in. 2/.each;22/-dozen. No. 11454--BLACKANDWHITEPICTURE OF THE LITTLE FLOWER. Size41in,x31in. 9d.each;8/3dozen.

MEDALS.

Made of Beat Quality Hard Metal. Communion. Confirmation. Sacred HeartSodality.Holy Angela. Miraculous,St, Christopher,Scapular.

Pelltgrini ar Co. Ptq. Ctd.

T,6 HAY STREET, PERTH (Opp. Foy and Gibson).

enjoy your stay in Perth before you go back toschool. How is little Margaret? You haven't told me about her lately and whether she is better now. Ido hope so. Well, Laurel, I was just thinking Ithe other day, we must have written dozens of letters to each othernow. Ihope there will be many more yet.

AUNT BESSY.

53 Furnival-street, Narrogin. Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am very sorry for neglectingmy letters. Anyhow itis just as well Ido not forget you altogether. Iam sending the prick card and 2/6 with some stamps. Wehave allbeen down to Perthduring thelast three weeks, and we enjoyed ourselves very much. Iwent for some exams. lastNovember,and Iwas very pleased to hear the results. We all hope to go in to a.higher class this year. I will be in fifth standard. Good-bye, AuntBessy.Pleasepray that Imaybe granted afavour.—Your MCARTIIY.

Dear Maureen,—Iquite agree with you that being forgotten for atime is much better than being forgotten altogether. Please don't do that,Maureen, or Iwill be terribly upset. Con• gratulations on your school results. Don't forget to work as hard as you can infifthstandard. Afterthatlove. ly holiday in Perth you should feel readyfor ayear's nice hardwwork. AUNT BESSY.

To dear Aunt Bessy,—For the Bush ies, thanksgiving offering of 10s, being 5s, in honour of St. Anthony, and 5s. in in ofthe Little Flower, for favours received. GRATEFUL.

DearGratdful,—And we are grateful too. GratefultoSt. Anthony and the Little Flower, and to you. It is a very great pity indeed that;there are not more people in the world who remember the thanks after the favour has been granted. It is all too often the case when we pray very hard for somefavour andafterreceiving it,forget that some thanks are due. It could notbe said that you are one of those, though,Grateful.

AUNTBESSY.

Dear.Aunt Bessy,—Please find en , closed P.N..for5s, for the Bushies, for favours received from the Sacred Heart. Wishing you every success thisyear. AFRIEND.

Dear Friend,—Thank you very much for yourkindness. Youhave now become "Old Friend" to the minds of Aunt Bessy and the Bushies, AUNTBESSY.

* +

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find Januarysubscription to the Bushies. OLD FAITHFUL.

Dear'Old Faithful,—I cannot tell you how welcome your letters are. I think the Bushies have grown to acceptyou asabenefactor with aNo. 1 priority. Weare truly.gratefulto you. AUNT BESSY.

122Great Eastern Highway, Merredin.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I received the prick card and have filled it. Would you please-send me another one? I am enclosinga2/6 postal note for the Bushies.—Yours faithfully, ROSEMARY FOWLER.

DearRosemary,—You areveryquick atfillingupprick cards,aren'tyou? I will post you another one straight away, tosee what you can do with it. Thank you very much 'for helping the Bushies, Rosemary. AUNT -IIESSY.

St. Peter's, Bedford Park

CONDUCTEDBYTHEDOttR[NICAN SISTEBi. UNIVERSITY or WESTERN AusTRAIIA.

JUNIORZXAMMATION:

L.CUTLER: English,French, Latin, Mathematics A, Physiology and-Hygiene, Geography, Music, and Commercial Methods and Bookkeeping.

P. INGLIS: English,:MathematicsA, French,Latin,Geography,Music. PIANOFORTE.

PREPARATORY: M. Lobb.

GRADE VI.—Honours: C. Simmons. Credit: D. Hammond, B, Harris, S. Broiwn,V.Shepherd,J.Steffanoni, H. Pearce.

GRADE V.—Honours: M. Sandow. Credit: B. Sewell, S. Brown, R. Davies, L. Ventriss, P. Compte, J. Altos P. Ramshaw. Pass: J. Firth.

GRADE IV.—Honours:C. Rae. Credit: Y. Compte, D. Brown, D. Cutler, M. Smith. Pass: M. Jones, N. Ogden.

GRADE III.--Credit: L. Dennison. Pass: L. Langridge, R. Millard, B. O'Dea.

GRADE I.--Credit: V.Cornish.

MUSICAL PERCEPTION:

GRADEIII,—Honours:V.Cornish, W. Langridge, V.Westcott.

GRADE IV.—Pass: I. Cutler.

ELOCUTION:

GRADE V.—Credit: L.Ventriss.

GRADE IV.--B. Gall.

THEORY:

GRADE VI,--Honours: D. Hammond, D. Brown. Pass: M.'Jones, P. Compte.

GRADE V,—Honours: Y. Compte, R. Millard. Credit: B. Gall.

GRADE IV.—Credit: V. Westcott.

TRINITY COLLEGE,LONDON.

VERSE-SPEAKING CHOIRS:

SENIOR: Honours.

JUNIOR: Honours.

ABill to prevent the publication of unsavouryaspectsof divorcecourtproceedings will be introduced by the N.S.W.Governmentin the first session in the New Year. The Government's decision follows acampaign of several years by the "Catholic Weekly" for such ameasure, and is the resultof a move initiated recently by Mr. A. Landa,M-LA. (Bondi).

PREPARATORY: Honours.

CLASSSINGINGCHOIR: SENIOR: Credit.

ELOCUTION:

FIRST STEPS—Honour&: A.Gall. PREPARATORY—Honours: L. Neil son.

ADVANCED PREPARATORY—Honours:L.Ventris, V.Millard. .JUNIOR—Honours: B. O'Dea. Credit: M.Jones. INTERMEDIATE—Honours: V.Westcott. Credit: R. Millard.

HIGHER LOCAL PIANOFORTE— Credit: V. Westcott.

THEORY:

FIRST STEPS—Honours: J. Steffanoni,J. Firth. Credit: D.Hammond. PREPARATORY—Honours: M. Rose. Credit: M. Quarrel.

ADVANCED JUNIOR—Honours: V. Westcott, Y. Compte. Credit: D. Cutler, L. Dennison, M. Vettler, B. O'Dea.

LORD ABB;OT'S SCHOLARSHIP, NEW NORCIA: P. Eaton.

It Costs NoMoretohaveyour Prescriptions Accurately

St. Gertrude's College, New Norcia

Examination Results, 1944

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.

M.'STRICKLAND: 6subjects.

P.TURNER:4subjects,1distiuction.

JUNIOR CERTIFICATE.

M.T.STRICKLAND:9subjects.

L. WALLIS: 8subjects.

G. WHITE: 8subjects.

B.CAIN: Ssubjects.

E. FEI13IG: 6subjects.

E.CLARKSON: 6subjects.

M. GODFREY: 5subjects.

P. HOUGH: 5subjects.

P.COCHRANE: 3subjects.

S.SACHSE:8subjects(1943): 1(1944)

P. PARKES: Ssubjects.

A. BOWEN: 7 subjects (1943), 2 (1944).

Y. ROCCHI: 6 subjects (1943), 3 (1944).

P. FITZPATRICK: 7subjects(1943), 1(1944).

P. GROVES: Four subjects(1843), 2 (1944).

ALLIANCE FRANCHISEESANIINATION, GRADEII—Pass: M.Knox,M.Strick. land.

GRADEIII.—Pass: B.Cain,S.Sachse, P. Parkes, P. Groves, Y. Rocchi.

GRADE IV.—Distinction: M. Bianchini, B. Broun, P. Horan. D. Lanigan, B. Connolly, M. Strickland. Pass: B. Thompson, D. Jones, P. Cochrane, M. Meagher, P. Hough. MUSIC ESAB"ATIONS. W.A. UNIVERSITY.

Pianoforte:

ASSOCIATE: K. Sachse.

GRADE I.—Honours: V. Lund. Cre• dit: P. Fitzpatrick.

GRADE II.—Honours: N. Connolly, D:Lanigan,G. White. Credit: M. Strickland P.Turner, P.Burns.

GRADE III—Honours: M. Kidd, N. Bianchini. Credit: P. Horan, B. Broun, A. Ross. Pass: A. Bowen.

GRADE IV.—Credit: M. Jennings, It. Lanigan, M. Parker, A. Parker, P. Nolan, D. Portwine, M. Meagher, I. Smith, P. Hough.

GRADE V.—Honours: T. Hough, E. Evans, S. Urquhart. Credit: I.Williamson, J. Oughton, J. Lee, R. Trenowdin.

GRADE VI—Honours: M. Sachse.

Credit: L. Linehan, J. Parker, M. Daddow.

PREPARATORY: L. Lanigan, B. Meagher.

Violin:

GRADE II.—Credit: D. Urquhart.

GRADE III.—Pass: P. Parkes.

PREPARATORY: T. Hough.

Musics,Perception:

GRADE III.—Honours: M. Strickland, P. Hough, P. Turner, G. White.

Credit: V. Lund.

GRADE IV.—Honours: P. Burn.

Theory:

GRADE III.—Honours: K. Sachse.

Credit: P. Fitzpatrick, M. Strickland.

GRADE IV.—Honours: P. Parkes, M. Kidd, M. Bianchini, N. Connolly.

Credit: D. Lanigan, A. Bowen, B. Broun.

GRADE V.—Honours; J. Lee, J. Oughton, M. Lanigan, P. Nolan, D. Portwine, M. Parker, Al. Tennings, I. Smith, E. Evans, I. Williamson, R. Trenowdin. Credit: T. Hough. A. Ross.

GRADE VI.—Honours: M. Daddow.

St. Anne's Convent, Harvey

Examination Results, 1944

LEAVING CERTIFICATE.

SHIRLEY B. ASH ION: Four sub• jects, two distinctions.

JUNIOR CERTIFICATE.

MAIDA PITMAN: Six subjects.

Additional Subjects:

HENRY B. ASHTON: One.

PATRICIA E. RENNIE: One.

MUSIC RESULTS.

UNIVERSITY PRACTICAL.

GRADE IV.—Piano—Exhibition: M. 6turmer. Honours: M. Sturmer, M. Guy. Pass: N. O'Brien. Violin--Credit; M. Tippett.

GRADE V.—Piano—Crcdit: A. Ram. sey.

Violin—Credit: B. Harrison, Singing—Honours: M. Guy.

GRADE VI.—Piano—Honours: M. Kelly. Credit: S. Harris, J. Delbridge B. Eednall,V. Hall, E. Palm.

PREPARATORY—Violin — Pass: J. Pether, B. Benny, L. O'Brien.

THEORY.

GRADE V.--Credit: E. Palm,G. Kau.

GRADE VI—llonours: A. Ramsey, M. Sturmer. Pass: N. O'Brien.

TRINITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC.

JUNIOR—Piano—IIonours: R. Baker. Merit: G. Kau.

PREPARATORY —Piano— Merit: J. Delbridge, S. Burrows.

FIRST STEPS—Piano—Ilonours: L. •Sims.

INITIAL—Pi;.r,o—Pass: R. Pether.

ELOCUTION.

ADVANCED PREPARATORY—Cre• dit. K. Alymore.

VERSE SPEAKING CHOIRS.

JUNIOR: Ilonours.

PREPARATORY: Honours.

COMMERCIAL HESULTS. Newtown Business College, Sydney. May4une Exams.

Elementary Shorthand:

X. Waddingham, J. Dennis, B. Robinson, A Rennie, J. Palmer.

Typewriting:

SENIOR: V. Waddingham.

JUNIOR: P. Rennie F. Lorinzine, J. Dennis, J. Palmer.

Bookkeeping:

INTERMEDIATE: B. Robinson, V. Waddingham, P. Rennie, J. Palmer, J. Dennis, G. Gerschow.

JUNIOR: S. Anthony. November-December Exams.

Fhorthtnd: JUNIOR: P. Rennie, J. Dennis, Palmer.

Typewriting:

JUNIOR: S. Testar.

SENIOR: J. Dennis, P. Rennie, J. Palmer.

Bookkeeping: SENIOR: P. Rennie, J. Dennis, J. Palmer.