The Record Newspaper 17 January 1945

'War Uncovers,!lumbers"o

Distinction Between Neurotic Condition and Insanity

FewWar -

Neuroses Are Lasting

*What

Help Can Be Given Those Emotionally Unstable?

By COMMANDER F. J. BRACELAND.

Me opinionsand assertionscontain• cd herein are the private opinions of the authorandare notto beconstrued as officialor reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the Naval Service asawhole.)

The problem of mental disease and emotional instability in the general population haslong since assumed -major proportions, but until the war focussed attention upon the number of rejections for psychiatric reasons, relatively few people were aware of its magnitude. In the United States, before theoutbreak ofthe presentwar, more hospital beds were occupied by patients with mental diseases than by patientswith all other diseases. It is estimated reliably that in this generation one child in every twenty-six will spend some time in amental institu• Lion. Thesefigures includeonly frank' mental disease—those psychological deviations from normal thinkingand behaviour which are designated familiarly by the legal term insanity. No effort ever has been made to deter• mine the number of the civilian population whosuffer with the milder emo. tional disturbances known as neuroses or psycho-neuroses. Neuroses are frequently calledby other names andexpress themselves by symptoms such as colitis, backache and various ill-defined complaintsreferable to theheart,stomachand otherorgans. It isestimated variouslythat seventy-five per rent, of all the illnessseen by the general prac. titioner is initiated or complicated by emotional factors. If we add to this the vastnumber of neurotics—diagnnsed and undiagnosed—as well as approximately 200,011(1 alcoholics and drugaddictsandseveral hundred thensand feeble-minded and epileptics, we get some idea of the size of the psy, chiatric problem.

Meaning of bMitary Rejections.

Recently there has been agrowing public interestin this problem because the armed forres find it necessary to reject some of the selectces at indurtion examinations and discharge other emotionallyunstable recruits who were not detected by the original examina-

tion. Some of the public concern is an outgrowth of a misunderstanding of the requirements of the armed forces; but certainlyapartdf it is due to reluctance to face the facts.

A number of men who should have been eliminated,at induction centres escaped detection largely because of the limited number of psychiatrists and the rapidity with which they had to function. If they were assigned to the Nav_v, someof them were detected later at naval training stations where, 'following atrial ofduty and ademonstration of their imbility to adjust Tnavallife, theywereeliminated by rea• son of inaptitude. There is no doubt about the•visdom of these"screening' examinations, for theyhave eliminated many men who are potential psychiatric casualties.

In civilian life, the unstable and in. adequate persons who are not adapted toone particulartypeofwork orliving are able tomove to anotherlorality or seek another job and eventually to makesomekindofadjustment. Even the severe neuroticsrarely are seen by psychiatrists: so they carry on in one. way or another,meanwhile blaming 'di• verse situations, conditions or people for their unhappy states. In military life, however, aman cannot change his job at every whim, nor can he move about, hoping to make asatisfactory adjustment. For the most part hisadjustmentisonanall-or-nnne basis. if he fails to perform his job satisfactorily, he is regarded as inadequate; and if in the process of failing he developsemotional symptoms, he is regarded asneuroticand eventually he comes to the attention of the military psvchiatrist. In contrast to the neu• rotic in civilianlife, therefore, hospitalisation and observation are the rule for the neurotic in military life. To keep him in the Service and expose him to further stress is unfair to the man himselfand to the shipmates who work with him and depend upon him To eliminate him from the Service re• quires,a medical diagnosis.

MtnassforCivilian Life.

Here is where misundderstandinR arias, for the diagnosis is frequently that of psvehoneurosis and anything to which the prefix"psycho" is at-

tached is immediately misinterpreted by many people and is confused with mental disease. Such amisinterpretation obviously is unfair, for miry of us have some psychoneurotic symptoms and all of us can become psychoneurotic provided the proper setof circemstances arises. The unknowing believe there is astigma attached to this diagnostic term; they fail tosee that the stigma exists only in the minds of the persons whosoregard it. Someof thefine work oftheworldhas been done by people who were quite definitelyneurotic; andanexaggerated reaction to the term isoften itself in* dicative of an underlying instability.

Apsychiatric diagnosis is not stigmatising particularly in military per. sonnel. What itTeallyindicatesis an inadequacy for militarylife as is deronstrated by incapacitating emotional symptoms. Nothing is implied regardingtheman'spotentialitiesforcivi. lian adjustments; in fact, tht military psychiatrists believe that the great majority of the individuals discharged from the Service because of inadequacy will make asatisfactory adjustment when they return to the less constricting atmosphere of civilian life. Thisisborneout byan examination of the records of the men already discharged.

The whole problem becomes more understandable whenitisrealised that not every one is adapted to military life anymore than to the hazardous job of astructural steel worker. The National Emergency Act requires, however, that all men' within certain age groups present themselves for ex• amination to determine their fitness for induction into the military service.

If one is physicaAy qualified, be be• comes amember of the armed forces and, if he cannot adjust himself to militarylife,hemustbedischarged and returned to civilianlife. Themilitary scrviceg cannot temporise with indivi•uals, for the future and life of the group are at stake in this global war. The prime function of the Army and Navy is to fight and to win the war, and all other considerations must be secondary.

Few War Neuroses Lasting.

Peculiarly enough, ,voile neuroses made up the bulk of the psychiatric casualties in the last war, actual mental disease as aresult of combat conditions was not a serious problem. From the trend of events at present. it seems as though the same situation will recur in this war, for though the tendency toward emotional instability and constitutional inadequacy is high, the incidence of mental disease in the Navy thus far is surprisinglyand grati-

fyingly low. In fact, it is far below the ratio inthe civilian population.

Once an individual has had a psychosis—an actual mental disease—the Navy does not return him to active dluty. The reasons for this are readily understandable. Apropos of this, there is an interesting and noteworthy fact which should be mentioned here, Pod that is the rapid and high recovery rates of men who have developed mental disease iq this war. Thus far eighty-five per cent. of navalpersonnel who have been committed to hospitals forthemeosally illhave beendischarged'to theirhomes free from symptoms within aperiod of six months. Afollow-up study of agroup of these patients afterone year indicates thatover sixty per cent of them have made a good adjustment in civilian life and have satisfactory work records.

It is apparent, therefore, that the largest segment of the problem which confronts the military psychiatrist has to do with the proper handling of the emotionally immature and the men who are unable to adjust to the military service. From ahasty review of discharge statisticswhich appearat intervals in the newspapers, an unqualified observer might be tempted to infer that we are becoming anation of, immature and inadequate individuals, but thg denial of this iswritten in the excellent records and outstanding performances of our fighting men in all parts of the world to-day.

Aids to Rehabilitation.

It is true thatour specialisation and single-purposeness of education have made our national quality of adjustment alittle too brittle. The antecedents of some of the problems we encounter are apparent to all of us— inadequateeducational,•familyand economic backgrounds, poor,social indoctrination and loss of the proper sense ofvaluesinallspheres. Thepsychiatrist isforced,albeit reluctantly,todeal with theend product of these situations; yetthe causes areoutsideofhis sphere of influence—at least as far as control is concerned. He has the unenviable task of trying to reconcile a grorwing individualism on one hand and arisingtide ofgrouppressures on theother., In the minds of theundiscerning,the marginal adjustmentscast out of the group by diverse circumstances are lumped together with the mentally ill, probably because the psychiatrist has to deal with them. It ig the task of the psvchiatrist to try to help people to adjust emotionally whereverpossible: it ishisformofpreventive medicine. Treatment, if administered earlv in the illness, may (Continued on Page 4.)

*TheCatholic',Answer

By Rev.E,Sullivan, D.D.,D.Ph.

ChristClaimed to Be the

tMessias,the One Chosen to Save Mankind...

So-Called Christian Religions Which Bless Have the Dead Any Knowledge of, or Interestin the Living?

price controlboardfor thislikethere isformostthings these days?

Money.

-Grubbing.

St. Paul on the Celibacy of the Clergy

"Is not thistheSonofJoseph?"

So spoke the people of Nazareth of ,Jesus. They asked the question in swprise; the Gospel tells us the reason why: "andallgave testimony to Him: and they wondered at the words of grace that proceeded from His mouth and they said: Is not this the Son of loscph?" (Luke4, v.22.)

The placewasthesynagogue at Nazaeth,"whereHe was brought up."The occasion was asermongiven by Jesus. "Ile went into the Synagogue according to His custom on the Sabbath day: and Ile rose up to read."(Luke 4, v. 16.)

Thebookwasthebookof Isaias,and these were the words He read: "The spirit of the Lord is upon me, wherefore he hath annointed me, to preach the gospel to the poor: Ile hath sent me to heal the contrite of heart: To preach deliverance to the captives, and sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord and the day of reward" (Isaias G, v. 1; Luke 4, vv. 18, 19.)

Then Ile closed the book and sat clown and the eyes(if all were upon Him, "and Ile began to say•to them: This day is fulfilled this scripture in your ears."(Luke 4, v. 21.)

Jesus,whomIbisfellow citizensknew as the Son ofJoseph, one of their own town, claimed to be the Messias—the Anointed One—the one chosen by God to save mankind. The expected Messias is described in great detail in the Old Testament; the whole Jewish nation looked forward passionately to His coming.

AndJesusofNazareth claimed tobe the promised Messias. He claimed it not only on thisoccasion, in the Synagogue at Nazareth. but also on many other occasions.

Certain titles were given to the Nies. sias: Ile was called the One whois to

Come, the King of Israel, the Son of David, the Son of Man, the Son of God. On many occasions Jesus applied these Messianic titles to Himself andapprovedofothersdoingso. Here are some examples:

John the Baptist sent two of his disciples to ask Jesus:"Art Thou He that art to come, or look we for another?" (Matt. 11,v.2,3.) Jesus answered by ascribing to Himself the works and the teaching missions foretold of the Messiasby Isaias.

Jesus confirmed the testimony of Nathanael, who said to Him: "Rabbi, Thou art theSon ofGod, Thouart the King of Israel." Jesus answered and saidtohim: "BecauseIsaidunto thee, Isaw thee under thefig tree, thou believest•greater things than these thou shalt see." And Ile saith to him: "Amen, Amen, Isay to you, you shall see the heavens opened, and the Angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of Man." (John 1, 49.)

• Jesus claimed all the rights of the Messias. Forinstance,Ileclaimed the right tojudge allmankindon the Last Day. "And when the Son of Man shall come in His majestv, and all the angels with Ilim, then He shall sit upon the seat of Hismajesty: and all the nations shall be gathered together before Him and He shallseparate them one from another.. ;' (Matt., 25, v. 31.)

Jesus, then, claimed to be the pro mised Messias, the Anointed one of God, the One chosentosavethe world.

"Ripley „

Victoria Park:

Q.: is it true thatCatholics,have to pay for their sins inmoney?

A.: It is not true.

Q.: Ifthey do, is thepriest allowed to charge what he likes,or is there a

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A.: No doubt you believe in the value of"alittle nonsense now and then." Surely even a "Ripley" could not expect aserious answer to such questions.

"Militant," Claremont:

Q.: Iam aregular listener toyour session. There is one point which I havenothearddiscussed,andthatis "Living the Christian Life."

A.: What is meant by "living the Christian life" has been stated frequently in this session. However, in your letter you refer to a particular point.

Q.: Quite anumber of men who are prominent in Church circles (Catholic and nowCatholic)and are regardedas pillars of their Church, are hard, callous and men in their businessandmanagements.

A.: In the first place, are you sure that you are in aposition to judge in individual cases? However, what you state is probably quite true in many cases; it is aphenomenon that has been noted in all ages—outward observance without true inward devo• tion. Christ had something to say to the Pharisees about it.

Q.: Thesementhinkitquitenaturalin the spiritof this Materialistic age to exhort and to squeeze in the all-absorbing rush for money and position, whilst on Sundays outwardly appearing model Christians by regular Church attendance.

A.: Youhave hit onone'of the characteristics of the modern world. Many before you have noted it. Iwouldgo further and say that in the development of this modern world the great quest for money and material wellbeing sought and found the blessing of religion—blit not from the Catholic Church, "Baptised in the bracing, if icy, waters of Calvinistic theology;" says R. H. Tawney, "the life of business, once regarded as perilous to the soul ... acquires new sanctity. Labour is not merely an economic means, it is aspiritual end. Covetousness, if adanger to the soul, is aless formid. able menace than sloth. So far from poverty being meritorious, itis aduty to chose the more profitable occupa. tion,... Thus the pursuitof riches, which had once been feared as. the enemy of religion, was now welcomed as its ally."

Q.: Ithink that the greatest failure islivingtheLife ofChrist everyday and not Sundays only, If more stress was shown in the chuches of trying to live Daily the Life of Christ,wemightemergeintoabetter society.

A.: Not only might we, certainly would emerge into abetter society. But do not suppose too easily that this ideal is not preached; it certainly is preached constantly in the Catholic Chuch. No man can call himtelf a good Catholic if he makes mere out. ward observance the practice of his religion. You say that quite anum• ber of well-meaning Christians is being disillusioned by all this hypo• crisv and are being quietly led into Communistic influences, and that you wonder what the outcome will be. Surely this is an illogical confession of

weakness. The reaction of well-meaning Christians should be to dedicate themselves more strongly and firmly to atruly Christian life for the betterment of society.

Q.: We know that there has never been proof ofanybody driectly corn• municatingwiththedead. Butcan the dead seeus, or are they able to follow the lives of their relatives or parents,hereonearth?Isthereany proof whetherthesesouls can watch over our lives?

A.: The Catholic doctrine of the Communion of Saints contains abelief in the intercessorypowerof the Saints. We can seek theirintercession and are encouraged to do so; the Blessed in. Heaven can and do pray for their brethren on earth. As amodern Catholic theologian puts it:"The inter. vention of the Saints is effected es• pecially in their intercession with God, that is, the special lovewith which, as theysee us in God,they follow up our fortunes and recommend them to Him." (Karl Adam,) It is safe to say that in some way God reveals to them our needs and prayers; theolo. gians hold that the Blessed beholding God see in Him all which it concerns them to know ofearthly things. The knowledge of the Saints depends on the gift of God.

H. Mills,Darlington:

Q.:IfsinnersgotoPurgatoryat death. why did Christ say to the dying thicf:"To-daythoushalt bewith Me . in Paradise." The Bible rendering indicates clearly that in using the word "to-day;" Christ was referring to thetimeofthethief's entry.

A.: As you say,Christ was referring to the time of the-thief's entry into Paradise. The sinners who go to Purgatory are repentant sinners. At least they have repented of -

their mortal sins: They still have to do penance for their venial sins or pay the debt of temporal punishment due to their mortal sins. The repentant thief on the cross did not have to go to Purgatory becauseinhiscasehissins were forgiven and also the debt of punishment due to them was remitted before his death.

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Should Nominal Catholics be Married before the Altar?

Why Priests Visit the Homes 'ofTheir Parishioners

Wasthe Powerof.the Keys to be Handed On? .. .

AN ANALOGY THAT LIMPS

Q.: In view of the Catholic policy of celibacy, why did St. Paul write to TitusasinTitusI.,v.5,6?

A.: St, Paulinstructed Titus to ordain as priests men who, besides possessing the necessary qualities, were husbands of one wife. We find the same requirement mentioned in 1Timothy 3, v. 2:"It behoveth therefore a bishop to beblameless, the husband of one wife, sober, prudent, of good behaviour, chaste, given to hospitality, a teacher." Therefore in the Apostolic Church there was no law of celibacy except that it was required of abishop, "that he should have been only once married. Do not, however, conclude from this that St. Paul ordained that abishop or priest should be married. St. Paul himself was not married; and his teaching on marriage and celibacy, particularly for those who wish to devote themselves to the service of the Lord, is found in Chapter 7of his First Epistle to the Corinthians. Iquote part of it:"But I would have you be without solicitude. He thatis without awife, is solicitous forthethingsthat belongto theLord„ how hemaypleaseGod. Buthe that is with awife is solicitous for the thingsof theworld,howhemayplease his wife; and he is divided . and thisIspeakforyourprofit: nottocast asnare upon you, but for that which is decent,and which may give you power, to attend upon the Lord withoutimpediment." 0Cor. 7,vv.33,35,) Note: Your other question wil be answered in the near future.

Church,which he is now admiring and give up Freemasonry?

A.: He can. If he believes in the Church he should return to the prac. tice of his faith, and that includes the renunciation of Freemasonry.

Q.: Sometimes Catholics who have been educated at aCatholic school do not practise their religion after leaving school until they aregetting married. Then they wake up that they are Catholics. Why are these peoplemarriedbeforethealtar?

A.: Because the normal place for a marriage between Catholics is in the church before the altar. There is no rulewhich prohibitsacarelessCatholic frombeing married in thatplace. Do not think, however, that the Church is indifferent to the spiritual state of such apersonas you mention. If his "waking up" meansasincerereturn to the practice of his religion, so much the better, and your question doesnot arise. If it means merely that, as a nominal Catholic, he seeks to be mar• ried in the Church, then he presentsa problem. His parish priest—or the priest who marries him—must strive to bring him back to the practice of hisreligion, point out tohim the sanctity of the marriage contract and its sacramental nature,and exhort him to prepare for it worthily. '.Marriage is aSacrament of the Living, and those who receive it should be in astate of grace. It is atragic sight to see a careless, indifferent Catholic unworthily participating in the solemn mar. riage ceremony of the Church,

visits. Perhaps you changed your residence often during the years since and made it very difficult for the priests concerned to establish contact. After all,nopriest,nomatterhow diligenthemaybe,cansucceedin visiting allhisparishionersat very frequent intervals.

"Inquirer," Bunbury:

Q.: Inote thatyou always start your Catholic Answer Session by quoting "Thou art Peter,etc." Ishould be pleasedifyoucouldgiveustheBiblical authority to show that the powergiventoPeterwas tobebanded down to the Roman Catholic Church through theagea.

A.: Firstofall,you allow thatChrist gave to Peter the power of the Keys. That being allowed you ask for the Biblical authority for the claim that this power wasto be handed on. That authorityistobefoundinthefull text to_which you refer:"Thou art Peter,and upon this rock Iwill build my Church. And Iwill give to thee the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven." (Matt.16, v. 18.) IfChrist meant to found a Church—the Kingdom of Heaven—he meant it to last for all time,tintil the end of the world., He certainly made it clear that His doctrine df theKingdomwasintended for all men, for all time. To what purpose, then, would he have given the Keys of the Kingdom to Peter unless He meant the power of the Keys to be handed on. This is definitely confirmed by the words of Christ in another text concerned with the Divine Commission given to the Apostles: "And behold Iam with you all days, even to the consummation of the world." (Matt. 28, v. 20.) This promise woud have no meaning if the power of the Keys were to lapse with the death ofPeter. You destroy—and

destroy violently, the meaning and value of the whole text—if you interpret the first partof it, without reference to the rest,as applying only to Peter as an individual.

Q.: For instance,it Ishould give my doorkeytoamuchlovedfriendthat he might come and go at his pleasure,it does notfollowthat Ihave given the sameprivilege to his heirs and successors for all time.

A.: All analogies limp it is said. Yours does not even succeed in walking. If you gave the keys of your house to afriend merely for his own pleasure and convenience,there would be noneedfor,youtoextend thesame privilege to his heirs. But if you turned your house into a national monument in perpetuity,and appointedyourfriendastrusteeandcaretaker, you would surely not intend him to throw it into the Swan River before his deathand letthehouse go to rack and ruin for all you cared or he cared afterwards.

If you interpret this text at all—as the Catholic Church interprets—as meaning ahanding over of spiritual authority to Peter, you cannot escape theconclusionthatitmeantanauthority for all time tobe enjoyed by his legitimate successors. Otherwise you smashthetexttopieces.

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"Eureka," Osborne Park:

Q.: Can aCatholic who has given up the practice of his faith and joined the Freemasons,return to his nnnnunnauuuuuauunuuu•ununn•nnnnin- ,,

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Q.: One day while out with my husband our business took us near It church. Our daughter and Iwere notwearinghats,butwepaidavisit. Myhusbandsaiditwasnotrightfor us to enter the church without our hats.

A.:Thereisarulein theChurchthat women should have their heads covered in church. This.is found in Canon 1262 of the Code of-Canon Law —which is the repetition of an age. longmile in the Church. St. Paullays down this rule in 1. Cor., Chapter 11.

"Friendship,"Perth:

Q.: Ihavebeen livingwith aCatholic family for year,andIpromised my friends to write to you for the following information:Are Catbolic priests forbidden to visit Catholics in their homes?

A.: Priests are not forbidden to visit Catholics in their homes; on the contrary, visitationof theparish isan important part of the priest's work. For one thing, acensus of the parish must be taken regularlyandkeptup todate —a full picture of the parish and its spiritual condition. Then, as you say yourself, the priest,"as spiritual minister ofhisflock, should visit and learn the circumstances of family life in his parish."

Q.: It does not appeal to me that lay people should go to the priest; he should do the visiting.

A.: A true sense of proportion is required here. While the priest has his duty of visiting' his parishioners, they in turnshould finditeasy togotohim in case of need or when they need advice, in various circumstances. After all, theyarepartofaparishunit. You say that in the case of your friends they have lived in many districts but have seldom been visited. That I find very difficult to understand. On theother hand.-inthe concludingparagraph of your letter, you answer your own question by stating that when you all lived in acountry district a few years ago the priest paid regular

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HENRI GHEON

Inthe midstofall thetumultofthe liberation of France came one quiet bit of news from that land that told of another liberation. Ilenri Gheon, champion of the Catholic literary revival in France,mlied in Paris shortly before he would have had the joy of hearing the cheers for the liberating armies. Ile would have rejoiced in those cheers, for his was asoul that was steeped in the best of the Middle Ages; and we feel he would have recognised in the helmeted and.tommy gunned(oot-soldier the lineal descendant of the-crusaders and knights of high emprise whose spirithe knew so well and which he enshrined in his playsand novels. He has longbeen afamily name withCatholics, perhape more for his"Secrets of the Saints" thanforhisplays,thoughitisin that medium thathe probably reached his greateststature. Asfarbackas 1928, Jacques LeClercq, writingon"Gheon, the Dramatist," remarkedthathe had, after his conversion,"blossomed into adramatist whose spiritual and social appealareofavastsignificance."That iseventruerto-day,andtheannouncementofhisdeathshouldservetofocus the attention of our Catholic schocls even more on his total work. What. everhisrewardwillbe,however,inthe shapeofwiderknowledgeandlove,we may pray God that he has already reaped, or soon will reap, the loveliest crownofhisreward—the vision of God, Who is the very Secret of the secret of the Saints.

(Continuedfrom FrontCover.) preventamoreseriousbreakdownlater on.

This brings up the question of recent criticisms of psychiatrists for attachingdiagnosticlabels to the emotional problems they encounter. A psychologistrecently statedin apopular magazine that attaching labels to these illnesses was making the men neurotic. AUnitedStatesSenator at arecent committee hearing disposed of this neat bit of logic by drawing attentiontothefactthatlvhen"asurgeon states that aman has appendicitis and not crampcolic(it) does not mean that the surgeon Fives the man appendicitis."

Actually the problem of the man who isdischarged for psychiatric rea. sonsisnotas seriousasitappears on the surface. There is no diagnosis rwritten on his discharge papers, and thelaw forbids theServices tofurnish information about him to prospective employers or other inquirers. The only difference between-the man who isdischargednowandtheveteran who willbemusteredoutattheendofthe waristhatthefirstmentioned is usuallyrequiredtoexplainthereasonsfor his discharge to his family and his friends.

What will happen to these men de• pendstoalargeextentupon thekind ofaneconomyweshallhave afterthe war is over. Those who have been and are now solid citizens will adjust themselvesandwillsecure gainful employmentwhereveritistobehad.The communityhasaresponsibility ntheir rehabilitation. It owesall returning veteransagreatdeal,butwhatit particularly otwes them is agenuine opportunity to help themselves. They will require vocational training, educationandperhapsassistanceinbusiness ventures. They will need an opportunity to regain their self-reliance and theirenterprise, for these attributes aremportantforthe futureofthe nation; but most of all they will need help in developing aproper attitude, onewhich will make them refuse any. thing which savoursofpassive acceptance and remuneration.-

Convent -

oj Mercy, Bunbury

Music Results, 1944 1 1

00'/,,

Passes

T.C.L. PRACTICAL.

DIPLOMA PIANOFORTE: Miss 1'. McDowell, Miss'Al. Forrest, Miss S. Steenson.

INTERMEDIATE PIANO: A. Travia, Ilonours, Local Centre Prize; R. Chivers, Merit, JUNIOR PIANO: J. Woodley, Hon. ours, Local Centre Prize; J. Forrest, Honours; M. Micale, Honours. Violin: E. Murray, Honours; A. Evans, Merit.

ADVANCED PREPARATORY: V. Barry, Honours, LocalCentre Prize; At. Quarrel, Merit.

PREPARATORY: G. Baxter, Honours,Local Centre Prize; T. Frayne, Honours; D.Gibson,Honours. Vio. lin: D. Warn Merit; M. Eastcott, Merit. Singing: N. Yardley.

FIRST STEPS: R. Cook, Honours, Local Centre Prize; S. Michelsson, Ilonours; N. Fahey, Honours; R. Ferguson,Honours; 0.Brown,Merit.

INITIAL:* A. Barboutis, Ilonours, Local Centre Prize; D. Antonovic-

h, Honours; P. Doyle, Honours; M. Turner, Honours; T. Mulcahy, Honours; B. Richards,Merit; R.Waters, '.Merit; P. Barry, Merit; R. Jesson, Merit; J. Green,

UNIVERSITY, PRACTICAL.

GRADE I.:S. Steenson, Credit.

GRADE IV.: A. Travia, Credit', A. Evans,Credit; D. Ayliffe, Credit; L. Holman.

GRADE IV.—TIIEORViJ. Alidgley, Honours. Subject for Junior Certificate.

GRADE V.: J. Forrest, Honours.

GRADE VI.: S. Michelsson, Honours` D. Dillon, Honours; D. Ward, Credit; R.Cook, Credit; K. Hodgson, Credit.

PREPARATORY: N. Fahey, T. Mulcahy,M.Turner,J.Green,O.Brown, D. Harris.

T.C.L. THEORY.

ADVANCED JUNIOR: A. Travis, Honours; J. Forrest, Honours; J Bone, Honours; J. Woodley. Merit; Al.Micale,Merit: N.Hearne,Merit.

JUNIOR: A. Evans, Honours, 100 per cent.: L. Holman, honours, 100 per cent.; J. Hart, Honours, 100 per cent.; R. Freeman, Ilonours, 100 per cent.; C.Gough, IIonours; B. Paino, Ilonours; M. Stapleton, Honours; G. Fogarty, Honours; At. Kenny Merit.

PREPARATORY: T. Frayne, Honours, 100percent.; A. Ayliffe, Honours, 100 per cent.; At. Bode; Honours, 100 percent.; B. Yates, Honours, 100 per cent.; D. Moore, Honours, 100 per cent.; Y. Ferres, IIonours, 100percent.; J.Mulcahy,Honours, K. Hodgson, Honours: L. Ardle, Honours; E. Retzlaff, Hon. ours; D. Dillon, Merit.

FIRST STEPS:S. Michelsson, Honours,100percent.;B.Richards,Honours, 100 per cent.; K, O'Connor, Honours, 100 percent.; T. Gibson, Honours, 100percent.; K. Hodgson, Honours, 100 per cent.; N. Fallon, Honours, 100 per cent.; P. Warner, Ilonours, 100 per cent.; R. Jesson, Honours, 100 percent.; S. Collett, Honours, 100 per cent.; R. Flynn, Honours: F. Prentice. Honours; B. Keyser, Honours.

Again Pre-War Quality Root Paint, 28/-gal. MMWhite,U-tin.Hassell's, 669Wellington Street,

T.R.L. LOCALCENTRE PRIZE WINNERS,1944.

;ANGELATRAVLA'S MUSICAL SUCCESSES (age 11 years).

Intermediate Piano, Ilonours, Local Centre Prize. Junior Piano, Hon. ours.91 marks, Local Centre Prize; State Medal. Preparatory Piano, Merit. First Steps Piano, Ilonours. Grade IV. Piano, Credit. Grade V. Piano, Credit. Preparatory Elocution, Honours. Advanced Junior Theory, Honours, 96marks. Junior Theory, Honours, 100 marks. Pre. paratoryTheory,Honours,100marks, :state Medal. Grade VI. Theory, Honours,97 marks. Angela is a daughterof Mr, and Mrs. C. Travia, and apupil of Convent of Mercy, Bunbury.

MISSF,IMcDOWELUAMULA., AssociateDiplomaT.C.L.Practical. Pupil of Convent of Mercy, Bunbury.

bMSS M. FORREST, A.Mus.,A., AssociateDiplomaT.C.L., Practical Pupil ofConvent -

of Mercy Bun. bury.

MISS S. STEENSON, Associate Diploma T.C.L., Practical. Pupil of Convent of Mercy, Bun. bury.

CatholicTeachers' Guild'

All members are invited to asocial gathering, tobeheldatBacton House, onFriday,January26,at3'p.m.

Would all attending please notify Miss Stanbury, 129 Chelmsford-road, North Perth(Tel, 138264), J.

CONSULTING CHEMIST.

197 BRISBANE STREET PERTH.

Prescriptions Carefully andAccurately Dispensed. Complete Stocks of PatentMedicines. Country Ordersat City Prices. 'Phone B7923.

I

Sitting(left to right): J. Woodley, Junior Piano, Honours; V. Barry, Advanced Preparatory,Piano,Honours; A.Barboutis,Initial, Piano, Honours; R. Cook,First Steps, Piano, Honours.

Standing: A. Travis, Intermediate, Piano, Honours; G. Baxter, Preparatory Piano, Honours.

All theabove are pupilsofConventof Mercy,Bunbury.

Catholic S

(In the list of results the subjects

tudents ,

Make Good

Showing' in

Creditable Number of Passes

L'1GG5,R.C.: 1,3,8,9,10,Il, 12, 13.

BILL,T.: 1,8, 15, 19,2Sa

BILLING,L. II.:21. , BIRCH, A.

J.: 1, 11.

BIRCH, N. G.: 20, 22, 30.

BISHOP, M. Al. (completing): 1, Ib.

BLACK,A. 1,8, 12,20,21. I3LACK•Ai.C.:8,9, 19,20.

BODE, •I.A.: 1,9, 15,19;20,22.

BODEKER,B.K.:1,4,S,15,20,30.

BODEKER,J.D.: 1,4,8,26,30.

BOAtBARA,

J.: 11,12. 1:•OSWOOD, I- (addi n

Junior

GIBBONS,A.At.: 1,8,9,15,30,31.

GALES,

GILCIIRIST, R.: 1,19,20,30. aredenotedby thefollowing numbers: 1, English;2,Greek;3, Latin; 4, French; 5,German:6,Italian; 7,Span. ish; 8, History; 9, Geography; 10, ArithmeticandAlgebra: It, Geometry and Trigonometry; 12, Physics; 13, Chemistry; 14. Biology-Natural His, tory; 15,Biology-Botany; 16,Geology; 17, General Science; 18, Agricultural Science;19, Physiologyand Hygiene; 20, Drawing A; 21, Drawing B; 22, Domestic Science; 23, Woodwork; 24, Metalwork; 25, Commercial Methods and Bookkeeping; 26, Arithmetic; 27, Shorthand(full unit): 2Sa Shorthand (halfunit): 28bTypenariting; 29,

Hebrew: \tunic;31,ArtofSpeech.)

ABBOTT,T.At,: 1,9,10,19,20,25,30.

AliLETT,N.J.: 1,8, 10, 11,15, 19,20, ADAMS,J. C,:8,10, 11, 12,20,21, AIKENHEAD,V.E.:11,12,13.

AITKEN,D.\I.: 1,8,9,10,11,15,19,20

ALFORD,At.R.: 1,4,9,10,11,19.

ALLEN,13.H.:1,4;8,9,10,11,20,30.

ALLEN,N.J.:1,10,15,20,25,28b.

ANDERSON,D.E.:1,10,11,12,13,

ANTONIO, S.E.: 1, 6,30.

ASPHAR,G.NI.: 1,8,9,15,20,30.

ASTON, H. 13.(adding): 10.

ATKINSON, J. A. (completing): 10, 12, 13.

ATKINSON,K.J.:1,4,6,13 9,19,20.

BAHEN,G.E,: 1,3,4,8,10, 11, 12,20.

BAILEI', H.\I.)adding):10,28b.

BAKER, 'E.J.: 1,3,4,5, 10, 19.

BALMER,At,: 1, 19,20,28b.

BANN•ON,D.F.: 1.

BANTING,C.

J•: 1,3,4, 10, 11, 12,13, 20.

BARBER,E.F.: 1,8,9,10, 11, 15, 19, 20.

BARKER,A.H.: 8,10,11,12,20,21.

BARKER,P.R.: 1,8,9,19.

BARR,G,(adding): 1,4,8, 9, 14, 20, 25, 28a(80), 28b.

BARTLETT,K.E.: 1,8,9,10,11,20,21

BATTEN:H.N.:1,4,10,19,22,25,28a (80),28b.

BEASLEY,J.:1,8,10,11,20,2I.

BEESON,P.:1,3,6,S,9,10,11,12.

BEETSON,G. L,: 1, S. 11.

BEGLEY,P.At.: 1,4,5,9,11, 19.

+BEGLEY:R.AL: 1,4,10,11,15,18,19, 20, 30, 31.

BELDON, E. F.: I.

BELL, B. E. 1,12,21.

BELL

,J. At.: 1,8,9,10,20,25,28b.

BF.RGIIINER, D.: 12. BEROL,A.L.: 1,9,11,15,19,20,25.

g): 3, 4, 11. BOTT,N.R.: 1,9,10,11,20 21. DO\\'LER,L. F.: 1,3,8,9,'10,-

11, 12,

DOBSON, P.D.: 1,4,]0,11,15,16,19, 20,30,31.

DODD,R.W.:38,10,11,25.

DOUGLAS,F.W.: 1,3,8,10,11., .DOUGLAS. !M.R.: 1,8,9, 10,11,19, 20,21.

DOWGLASS,R.P.: 1,8,9,10.

DOWNES,

J.: 1,4,8,9,12,20 ;

30. D01'LE,

J.W.: 1, 10,11, 12. DRAPER, L. D.: 3,9,12, 13,25.

DUDLEY,I.M.:1,4,S,9,15.20.

DUFFY,M.: 1,10,11,15,18,19,20,31. DUIGNAN,C.M.: 1,11,19,20,22,30. DUTHIE AI,E.(completing):25,28b. DWYER,

J. P.: 1,S,9,11,12,13,25.

J. W.(completing>: 1, 19,20.

GLENNIE, E.M.: i,8,9,11, lb, 19. GEORKE, A.

J.: 1,3,9, 10, 11, 12,13, 20,21. GOMME,B.M.:1,S,9,10,11,15,19,20. GOOD,P.

J.: 1,9,11,12,13,20,21. GORRINGE,H.P.: 1,9,20,21, GRANT,M.R.: 1,9, 10, 11, 12,20,21. GRATWICK,L.A.(adding): 3,4. GRAVE,

J.: 1,20, 21., GREEN, L.D.: 1, GREEN,

J.: 1,3,8,8,9, 10,11, 12._ GREEN, N.

The Year's 1►ee(f28)is soonrepaid,uagoodpositionisassured when yougraduate.

13,25. R01'S,R.S.: 1,8, 19,30,31.

CRADBURY, N. At.; 8, 9,20.

BREARLEY, B.D.: 1,3,8,10,11, 12,

13, 20, 21, BRI:\N:iN, E. F.: 1,8,25.

BRENNAN,

TERRACE, PERTH. 10ADELAIDESTREET, ` FREAtANTLE.

Established 1905.

J A.: 1,3,8, 11, 12. BRIGGS, B. A.)adding): 3. 11RIS130UT, F. A.: 1, 3,4, 8, 10, 11, 12 20, 30. BRODERICK,H.E.: 1,25,28b,30, BROWN,F.At.:1,8,9,15,19,25. BROWNRIGG,N.

T.

:3,10,Il,12,21.

BUCKNELL,A.E.:20. BUDGE,At. R.: 1,4,6,9,19,20.

BURNS, W. C.: 1,S. BUTLER,

J. G.:8,9,10, 11,21,25, DUTLER,M.T.: 1,_4,5,8,9,11,19,25.

P.YRNE; C. At.: 1,9, 15,18, 19,20,31. BYRNE,K.:1,3,6,8,9,10, 11, 12,13, BYRNE, P. M. (adding): 5.

BYRTH, K. T.: 1, 10, 12.

CAMPBELL,L.: 1,8,9,15,19,20,30.

CAMPBELL,IV.:9,15,16,19,20,31.

GAPES,R.IT.: 1,3,8,10,11,12,20,21.

CARAtODY,AL: 1,3,4,S,10,11,12,20, 30.

CARNEY, A[.At,: 1.4,8,10,11,19,20, 22,30.

CARRIGG, L.M.:1,4,5,10,19,20,30.

CARTF,R,B.A.: 1,9,19,20,25,28b.

CASWELL, B. S.:•1, 11, 20.

CAVANAGH,C.: 1,4,8,20,30,31.

CAVANAGH,

J. C.: 3,S,10,11, 12,13, 20,21.

CHAAtBF,RLAIN,H.L: 1,16,20.

CHAMBERLAIN T.T.M.: 4,30.

CHAPPELL, N.: 1,S,9, 11, 14, 19,20."

CLANCY,P.D.: 1,8,9 19,20,22,30.

CLARK,A.:1,9,20,25,26,28a(80).

CLARKE, P.: 12.

CLARKO, At.At.: 1,S.31.

COAD, H. F.: 1,8,9,11,14,19,30.

COAKLEY,J.: 1,3,4,8,9.20.

COFFEY. AI'. E,:9,20,25, 28a (80), 28b.

COLLERAN, At. T.(adding): 4, 25.

COLLINS, D.(adding): 4.

CONLON,F.D.: 1,4,5,11,19,20.

CONNAUGITTON,J.D.:1,8,9,10,11, 19,21,25.

CONNOLLY, At, V.: 1, 3, 4, 5, -

9, 10, 11, 14, 19.

CONNOR, D. I.: 1, 19,20.

CONWAY , P,E.: 1,3,4,10, 11, 19,20.

COOPER,V.C.: 1,3,'4,10,11, 12, 13, 20,21.

CORKS,AT,R.: 1,11,14,19,20,25.28b.

COURTNEY,B.

COVERLEY, B.

J.: 1,3,8,12,13.

J.:1,3,8,10,11,12,13.

CRANE, B.: 1, 9, 16, 19,25,28a(80), 28b,31.

CROCK,G.: 1,2,3,,4,S,10,11,13.

CROCK,II.:1,2,3,4,8,10,11.

CROWD, J. M.: 15, 20.

CROWDER.B.S.: 1,3,10,11,12,20.

CULLENANE,S.D.:1,8,9,16,20,25, 28b.

CURNICK, N. J.: 1,8, 10, 12.

EARLS, At. P. 1, 9, 19, 20, EDGAR,W. F.:1,3.8.10,11,12,13. EGAN,G.At.; 1,4,8,9, 10,16,19,25. F,LLIES,S.T.:1,3,4,10,11,12,13,20, 21., ELLIOTT,A[.R. 1,3,8,9,]011,12. ELLIOTT,V.S.(adding):4,25. ELPIIINGSTONE,E.:1,15,20,30. EMS, T. It. (completing): 9, 25. FARIVi0S7,E.D.8,9,10,11,25. T•ARA[ER,A.: 1,4, 5, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 20,30. FARMER,

J. E.:3,S,10,11,12.13,25, FARMER,V.M.: 1,8,9,10,18,20,25, 28b. FARRELL,P.(adding) 12, FAULKNER,N.

J.: 1,3,11. FERGUSSON,C.F.:],8,9,10,11, 19, 20,21,25. FERGUSSON,G.A.1,8,10,11,13. FINNEGAN,V.

J.: 1,3,8,9,30,11,12, 13,25. FIT?.GERALD,K.L.:1,3,8,10,11,12, 25. FITZGERALD,M.

J.: 1,S,9,10,11,-19, 21,25. FITZPATRICK,M.M.: 1,8,9,15. FLANAGAN. W. B.: 1,8,9, 10, 11. FLEMING, N.J). (completing): 6,9, 10, 14. FLETCHER,J. F.: 1, 10,11,12,20. FLOOD, R. F.: 1, 3, 11. FLYNN.D.K.: 1,8,9,10,20,25, FLYNN.H.M.:1,8,19,28a(80),28b. FOGARTY.I.M.: 1,20. FOLEY, M. T.: 1,9, 14, 19,20. FOLEY,W.

J.: 1,3,10,11,12,20,21, FONTAINE,M.G.:1,4,9,11,14,1%20, FONTANA,A.C.: 1,4,6,8,10,11,16, 19,30. FORD,D.: 1,4, 8, 15,20,30. FORD,E.At.: 1, 4,8,9, 10, 11,16,20, 30, 31. FORKTN,F.J.: 1,3,10,11,12,13,20. FORNERO,M.: 1,8,30,31, FREDERICKS,M.: 1, S.9,10, 15, 19, 28a(80),30. GALLAGHER,R.E.:1,819,28a(80). GARDNER,B.: 1,8,9,15:19,20,30. GARDNER,R.P.:1,3,S,9,10,11,12, 13,25.

GASCOlGNE, J. L.: 1,4,9,10, 11, 16, 19, 20.

GATES,E.J.: 1,20.

GATTI F.V.(adding): 1.4,16.

GEORGE,D. J.: 1,3,S.10, 11,12,20, 21. GIBBINS,M.W.:1,9.10,19,20,25,30, 31.

J.: 1,8,9,11, 15, 19. GREEN, V.(adding): 4.• GREEP,F.W.:1,3,S,10,11,12,13,21, GREY,A.W.:1,3,9,10, 11, 12,20,21. GROVE,P.At.:j;5,8,9, 19,20. GROVER,S.L.R.:1,20,22,30. GULL, P.(completing): 9, 30. GUNNELL, W.

J.: 1,3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 20,21. GUNZBERG,R.(adding): 3,29. GWILLIAM, K.M.: 1,8,9, 10, 19, 20, 30.

HACKETT, M.: 19. HALE,K.R.: 11,12,21. HALL,A.G.: 1,3,4,10,11,12,13,20, 21. IIALI.,E. E.: 15, 19, 20, 25, HAMILTON,T.I.: 1,9, 10,19,25,28b, HAMMER,J.H.: 1,3,4,10, 11,12,20, 21. HAMMERSLEY, T. R.: 1, 10, 11, 12, 20,21. HANDLEY, F.B.:1, 11,20,21. HANLEY,B.F.: 1, 19,25. HARDY,J.:4,9,20.

HARRIS,B.: 1,3,6,8,9,10,11,12. HARRIS,H.:.1,8,9,11, 14, 19. HARRIS,N.A.:1,S.11.19,21.25. ITARTFTRON,P.A. ,

CURRAN,T.F.:1,4,8,9,il,15.19.20.

CURRIE,J. K.: 1,8,11,20,21.

CURREL, I.: L6,9,10, 16, 19,20, 25, 30.

CUTLER,L.A.: 1,3,4,9,10,19,25,30.

DALLTMORE, A. M. 1,3,4, 5,9, 10, .11, 14, 19.

DALTON,AT.E.C.(completing):8,15, DALY. F.A. ,

1,3,4,8,9,10,11, I5.

D'ARCY,T.B.:1,10,22,25,30.

DAVF.RN,R.J.: 8,9, 10, 11,21,25.

DAVIDSON, J. R.: 1,3, 8„10, 11, 12, 13,25.

DAVIES,P.N.J.:1,8,9,19,30.

DAVTESMOORE,J.M.At.: 1,15, 20, 22,25.

DAWSON.G.:1,4.8,25,28a(80),28b.

DEANE, AL (adding): 25. BECROMBRUGGE,M.: 1,4,S,9,11, 20.

DEVINE, D. J.: 3. DEVLIN.K.A.:I,4,5,S.9,10,11'19, 20,25.30.

DILLON. K.T.: 1,8,9,11,19.

1,S,22,30. HARTLEY.T.A.:1,S.9,15,19,20,26, 30. HARVEY,P.W.:1,3,11,12,20,21

,30

. HASTIE,I.F.:1,11,15.19,20,25, HAYES, B.R.: 1,4,8,9, 10. HEAD, R.A.: 1,8, 9, 10, 19,20, 25. HEARNE,R.F. 1,3,4,11, 12,13,20, 21. HEBBARD,R. F.: 1,3,S. ITEENAN,D.:1,2,3,4,8.10,11. TIEGNEY,W.:12,3,4,11.

TIEINRTCHS,I, ,

:1, 4,8, 10, 11,15, 16

, 30;31. IIENDERSON,I3,: 1,8,9,26,28a(80), 28h,30. HENDERSON.H.At.: 1,4,9.20,30. HIGGS,C.C.:1,3,8t

10,11,13,20,21. HITCHCOCK,M.

J.: 10, 11, 19,21. IIORAN.At.A.: 1,30. HOUGHTON,D.D.: 1,3,S.10,11,12, 21. TTOTTSTON. J.: 1,4,8, 10, 11,20,21, HOWARD,

L.•J.: 1,S,10,11,20. 21

. HOWSON,K.G.: 1.8.9,21,25. ITUGHF.S,D.J.: 10,11. HUGHES,O.M.: 1,3,6, S, 19,25,26, 28a(80).

,12,20,21, HUNT,N.:1,4,S.9, 11, 12,20,30. HUNTER,

J•: 1,11,20,30. ITUNTER. SIGHTTESTING BY WESTERN AUSTRALIA'S LEADING OPTICIANS 64 BARRACK ST PERTH.

J. (completing): 12. HUNTLEY. E.(adding): 3. rIUTCHESON,A.H.: 8, 10,11,12,20, 21. (Continued on Page6.) TELEPHONE: B3511. s' LAUBMAN & PANK •(W.A.) LIMITED MARTIN P. RYAN,OPTOMETRIST, has now:joined the Directorate of Laubman andPank (W.A.),Ltd.

t•

HUTTON. M.J.:1..9,15, 19,20,22.

INGLIS P. M.: 1,3,4,9, 10,30.

IRVING, P.: 1, 8, 15, 20.

JACK,L.J.:1,8,9,11, 14,19.

JACK,V.M.:1,916,19,20.

JEFFERY,D.D.' 1,5,9, I1, 14,30.

JENKINS,J.(completing): 8,25.

JOHNSON,V. M.: 1,4,5,8, 9, 10, 19, 20,25, JOYCE,C.D.(completing): S.25,28b.

KAMMON, L. L.: 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 19 20, KEEIIE M.A.: 1, KEELY M.V.: 1, 8, 9, 10, 16, 19, 25, 28a 7100).

KELLY, F. W,: 1, 11, 12,20,21, KENDLE, K.E.:20.

KENNERLY, K.J.: 1,4,8, 9, 10, 11, 12.20 21.

KENT,F.(adding):25,26,28a(80).

KENWARD. 0,E.:1,9,10,11,14,19.

KIERAN,J.: 1,3,4,5,9,11, 14,19,20.

KINNEEN,L.J.:1,4,-8,9,10.11 19,25

KINSELLA,W.M.:1,3,4,10,11 :

20.30

KINSMAN,I.D.:1,9,10,25,28b.

KISSANE, D. W.: 1.

KLOPPER.B.:1,11,20.

KNUCKEY,P.W.1,8.12.

LAKE, W. G.: 11, 12.

LAMBE,J.R.: 1,8,9,10,11, 19,21,25, LAMOND M.J.:1.

LANE, S.: 1,3,4,10,11, 12,13,20.

LAW,J.: 1,4,8.9,11,20,30.

LEAHY.P.A.:1,19,20,25,28b,30.

LEUNTG,D.I.: 1,3,8,10,11, 12,21.

LINDNER A.C,:3,S,10,11,12,13,21, LINSCER, N.:1,9,19,20.

LOGAN, P. E.: 8,9, 10, 15,19,20,30.

LONSDALE,At.:1,8,9.15.20.

LORING,J.E.:1,4,8,9,10,16,19,25.

LOW, B.: 1,3,4, 10, 11, 12.

LOXTON,W.R.: 1,9, 16,20,26.

LUTTRELL W. P.: 1, 11 21.

LYNCH,E.: 1,4,8,9,10,11,20,30.

.LYNCH,N.R.:1,3,8,9,10,11,12,13 • 25.

LYON,J.At.: 1,9,10,11,14,19,30.

LYONS,J.B.:1,3,S,9,11,12,13,25.

McADAM,B.J.:1,3,10,11,12,20,21.

McALEER,M.: 1,3,4,8,9,10,31, McBEATH, N. C.: 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 19,20, 25.

McCANN K.: 1,8 9,10,11,19,20.

McCARTtIY,M.

P.: 1,3,11,12,20,21.

McCAUGHEY, K.B.: 1,3,S.9,10, 11, 12

13,25.

McDO)NALD,D.:20,25,26,28b.

McDONALD, K.P,: 110,19,20,30.

McDONALD,M.L.:

19, 20.

McEWEN, E.: 1, 14,19 20.

McFALL,M.T.:14,19,20.

McGARRY W.:11, McGHIE, N.J.: 11.

McGILVRAY,W.R,: 10.11.

McGINNISS B.L.: 1,8,9, 19,20,30.

McGRADE,

G. E.: 1.'8, 9, 10, 11, 19, 21,25.

McGRATH, L.H.:1,3,8,9,10, 11, 12, 20.

McGURK, M.: 1,8,9,'16, 19,20, 22.

McINTYRE,II.: 1,4.8,19,20

MCKENNA,B.M.:1,8,9,19,20,25,28b.

McKENNA F. M.(adding): 12.

McKENNA, P. R.: 1,8,9,10,20.

McLERNON, K. C. H.: lr3, 6, 9, 10. 11.12.

McLERNON, V. M.(completing): 8, 9,10, 15.

McLINDEN,M.M.:10 '

28b,30. McMANUS, W.J.: 19,20.' MCPARTLAND,T.:1,4,5,8,9,20,30.

MAGUIRE, C. N.: 1,8,9,31.

MAHON M,: 1,3,4,8,9,15,30, MALLAL,M.: 1,4,8,9,15,20.

MALLOCII,E.At.:1,4,8,9,15,20,30.

MALLOCII,M.: 1,3,4,8,9,11,15,20.

MANDIBLE,E.P.: 1,8,9,20,30.

MANESSIS, P.: 1, 3, 13.

MANSON,S.:13,4,8.9.'10,11, 15,20.

MARQUIS, R.: 1,4,9,11,20,30, MARR; J. A.(adding):4,10.

MARTENS N.J.:1,9,14,19,20,28h.

MARTIN, A.H.20.

MARTIN.K.A.: 1,8,9,10,11,19,25.

MARTINO. L. A.:8.9. M RWICK,P.S.: 1,10,11, 12,20,21.

MASCHMEDT J,: 1, 3, 4,8, 20,30.

NIATSON, A.

A.: 1,8,9, 11. MAYERS P.C.: 1, 20,30.

MEAGHER.A.M.(adding):1,3,4,9, 10,11,15.

MELVIN,G. R.(adding):4.

MELVIN R.T.: 1,10, 11,12,13 20.

MEREDITH.J.C.: 1. 8,9, 10, 19, 20, 25.30.

MILBOURNE A.J.:1,3,8,10,11,20.

MILLARD, R.A.: 1,3,4,8, 10,11, 12, 13,20.21.

MILLIGAN,S.A.: 1, 14, 19 20 25,30.

MILNER, C. M.(adding) 8, 9, 28a (80), 2Sb, 31.

MOLLOY.P.N.: 1,4,8,9,25, r M00RE,B.:1,4, 15, 16,20,31., MOORF, K. M.: 1, 20, 28b.

1DOOREHOUSE,O.R.: 1,4,5,8,19,20.

MORAN, J. 1, 8, 9, 15, 20, 30. MORAN,N. B.: 1,8, 14,. MORGAN K.W.:8,10,11.

MORRELL,5I.H.:18,9,10,15,20,30. MOSELY,V.(completing):1,4,10,11. MOSS,G. E.(adding): 3. MOSS. P,: 1,4, 58, 9, 11,20,30.

MOSS Peggy: 1,4,5,8,9, 10,11,20, MOYLE,D.J.:10,11,12. .MULCAHY,J. E,:1,8,9,15,19,20,25. MUNRO,J.: 8. MURPHY, K.M.: 11. 12,13,21. MURPHY .M.L.: 1,3,4,9,10,14,19. MURPHY. P.(completing): 3, 10. MURPHY T.M.: 1,3,4,8, 10,11, 15. 19, 20, 30. NELLIGAN W. I.: 1,3,S. NORRIS.A.: 1,8,9, 19 20 25 26. NORRIS,D.: 1,3,4, 10 .

11,12,13,20. NORTON, P. D. (adding): 25, 28a (100),28b. O'BRIEN,E.E.: 1,4,81019.20,30. O'CONNOR,J.(adding): 4. O'CONNOR,R.M.: 30 31. O'DONNE'LL, B.(completing): 26. OLDFIELD, B. J.: 1, 3, 10,11, 12,20, 21, OLIVER,J.J.: 1,8.9, 10,11,12,13,25.

OLIVIERI A.: 1, 3, 10, 12. O'MAHONFY, B.F.: I,3,8,10,I1,12, 20,21, O'MALLEY, \V. W.: 1, 3, 4, 10,11, 12, 13,20.21. ORR, K.C.: 110 11, 12,20.

PADGII:IM.N.C,(adding):3,5.

PALMER,T. R.: 1, 4,20.

PARKER 9t. A.(adding): 26.

PARSONS,D.: 1,4.9,10,20,30. PAYNE,R.B.: 1,4,8, 19,22,30.

PEACHY B.A.: 1,8,9,10,11,19.

PEIRCE. S. J.: 1,4, 5, 8,9, 10, 11, 19, 20.25.

PERVAN, T. D.(adding):3. PETTIT,K.:4,10,15,16,19,30,31.

PHEASE,S.J.: 1,19,20,25.30.

PHILLIPS, L. R.(adding): 3. PITMAN,M.: 1, 4,S.9,19,20.

PLANT,A. R,: 10 19,20,25,30.

PIOWELL. F. V.: 1, 3, 4,8, 10, 11, 12, 13, POWELL, P.(adding): 26. POWELL R. F.: 1,8, 9, 11, 12, 13. POWER,SP.: 1,4,8,9,10,11, 15,20, 30.

PDXON,J.:1,4,8,25,2.8a(80) 28b,30

PRESIIAW, F.: 1,4, 10, 11,12, 13,20, 21.

PRTDF,AUX,G.: 1,4,S.9, It,20,30.

PRGOMET,G.J.:1,S.9, 10,11,12, 13,

20,21.

PROUD,I.: 1, 4, 8. 10, 11, 12,20..

-QUATN, W.G.: 8,9, 15, 19. QUEALY, P.V.: 3,20.

QUINLIVAN, P.T.:9, 14, 19,20.

RALPH,C.M.: 1, S. 10, 12. RAMPANT,B.R.:S. 19. RAPffAF.L, L.: 1,3, 4, 11. RAPHEL,G. It.: 1, 12. RATTIGAN, M. J.: 1. 20,25.2%. RAVEN.L.M.: 1,S.9,11,25, RAVENSCROFT, E. M.: 1,8,9,16.20. 25.

REED,D.J.:1,3,8, 10,11,12. REEVES,J,: 1,4,S.9, 10, 11,20,30. RENNIE, P. E.: 20. REYNOLDS,J. E.: 1,25.' RHODES,C.:1,8,9, 10,11,19,21,25. RICE,F.J.:8, 12. RICE,J.C.: 3,10, 12,20. RICHARDS,C.M.: 1,8,9,10,11,19,20 RICHARDS,P.DI,: 1, 4,10,20,22,25, 28a(80). ROBERTS.N.: 1,2,3,4,10,I1,13. ROBINSON. I. G.: 1, 3, 4, 10, I1; 12, 13.20. 21. RODEREDA,P.: 1,3.4,8,9,15. ROULSTON,T.J.: 1, 8.9 21,25. ROWBOTTAM, E.V.: 1,8,9,25,2c,

b RUSSELL,C.F.: 1,3,8,9,11,12, RUSSELL,J.F.: 1,S, 10, 11.12. RYAN,C.(adding): 12. RYAN,M. J.: 8, 11. SANDIFORD,At.E.: 1,9,It.20,26. SAUNDERS, J.M.: 1, 3,4, 10, 11, 12, -13.20,21. SAUNDERS,J.R.:1,8.12.20, SAVAGE, K.V.: 1,3, 4, 14,20.

SCARLETT,D.S.: 1,9,30. SCIIENBERG,R.A.E.: 1,3.4.5, 11, 14, 19, 30. , SCOTT,J.J.:3,8,10,11. SEAGE,M.L.:145,11. 14,19,20. SECOMB,J.: 1,4,8,9,10,11,.20,30, SEED,A.H.: 1,310,I1,12,13,21, SHADDICK E.Y.(adding): 3. SIIEEDY E.T.:4, 12. SHEEHAN,J.:1,4,8,9,20,30. SHEEHAN M.:1,8,9,11,20,30. SHEPIIERb,j.: 1,4,9, 11,15, 18,19, 20 31.

SHEPLEY,K.M,: 1,4,9,10,15,20,30. SHERWOOD,C.A.:1,9,10,11,15,19, 20. SHINE,M.P.:1,815,19,20 22. SHUGAR,H.: 1,3,

4,8, 10,11,12. SIBBRITT,E. B.: 1, 20,25,28b,30. SIBLEY B.J.: 1,8,9,10,11,15,19,20. SIGGS,B.:1,8,9, 15,20 30.

SINNOTT. D. F,: 1, 4,5. 9, 10, 11, 14, 19,20,30.

SLATTERY, Al. M. T.: 119. SLY,R.: 1,3,4, 10, 11,13. SMART, P. M.(adding): 4. SMITH, G. M.: 1,6, 10, 19,.20,25,28a (SO), 286 30.

SMITH,M.L.:1,9,11,20,28b. SMITH,M.M,: 1,9,11,14,20.SMITII,N.K.: 1,3,8,9,10,11,12,13. SMITH,S.P.:9,20 28b.30. SPENCER,L.: 1,8,9,19,20,22,30. SPURWAY, J. H.(adding).3. STAFFORD,M.:1,9,20,26. STAINES,J.C.: 1,8,10,15, 19,20. STANYER,C.D.: 1,8,9,10, 15, 19. STEPHENSON,J,:1,3,4,8,11. STEVENS,N.:1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 20,30.

STEWART,J.E.:1,8, 10, 12.

STEWART,M.L.: 1,6,8,9,19.28b.

STOPP,E.P.: 1,8,9, 19.

STUR:MER, B.: 1, 3, 8, 9. SULLIVAN.G.V.:148,9,11,19,20.

SUMMERH:IYES,G. E,(adding):4. SWEENEY, R.W.: 1,10,11, 12.

SYMON9 H.G.:1,9,10.11.

TALBOT ,

D.(adding): 9,25,26.

TAPLIN,T.J.:1,3,4,11,12,13,20,21.

TAYII,OR,K.: 1,3,8, 10, 11, 12,13,20, 21. TAYLOR,N.:3,4,20,31.

TAYLOR,N. D.: 1, 3,8, 9, 10,11, 12, 13,25.

THOMAS,B.:1.

THOMPSON,C.W.: 1,8,9, 10, 11, 19, 21.25.

TILLEY,G. H.(adding): 8, 10. TILT P.P.: 1,48,9,20.

'1>IPPETT, J.:8, *

10, 12, 20. TOLLAND,C. L.. 1, 8, 10, 11 14, 19. 20,25.

TOMIC, M. V.: 1, 4, 8, 9, 19.

TONDUT,J.E.: 1,8,9,10,11,19,j1,25

TOOHEY,J.: 1,2,3,4,8, 10,11, TOWERS,J.B.:1,8,9,10,11,19,25. TOWNING,J.L.: 1,3,5,9,11,14, 19, 20.

TRAVERS,J.E.:8,9,20,25.

TRAVERS,K.C.:8,9,10,11,18,20,25.

TREASURE,E.M.: 18,9, 15,19,25.

TRELIOAR, D. E.: 1, 8, 9, 10, 15, 19, 25,28b.

TUNSTILL,N.V.: 1,3,11,12,20,21.

UREN .1t. 0.(adding): 28b.

VERNON,G.L.: 1,8,9, 16.

VINCENT,P.:1,4,8,9,15 20,30, WALLNORK,W..: 1,8, 10, 11,12,20, 21.

WALSH, A. M.(adding): 4.

WALSII, F.L.: 1,8, 12,20.

WARD, E. M.(adding): 25. WARD,R.:1,9,10,11,15,16,19,20,31. WATSON, B.T.: 1,8,9, 10, 19,20,25, 28b,30, NATTERS,M.: 1,3,4,8,10,11,12,20, 30.

WATTS, L.T:R.: 20,30, WATTS,N. C.H.:1, 19,20,30.

WEEKS D. P.: 1, S. 9, 10, 16, 19, 20, 25.30.

WELLS, P.: 1,4, 10, 11,20.

WEST,1.A.: 20, WHITELEY, K.: 1, 8.

WHITFORD,T.: 1,8,9, 10,11, 19,20.

WHYTE. P..:1, 11, 12.

WILLIAMS,B.J.: 1,8.

WILLIAMS,T.E.: 1,8, 10, 11.20,21.

WILLIAMS,V,: 1,8, 10, 11,12,20,21, 30.

NILLIAMSON,H.C.:1,8,9,10,11,12, 13,20.

WILLOUGHBY,B.T.:8,9,16,25.

WILSON,B.J.: 1,8,9,11,25.

WILSON,L.H.: 1,3,8, 12, 13.

WITTENOOM,R.H.:1,3,4,10,11,12, 13, 20, 21, WORRALL;F.C.:8,19.

WYSS •

D.: 1,8.9,11,20,2Sb.

YATES.B.M.: 1,4,10,15,19,20,25.

YATES.C.T.: 1,919.

YOUNG,J.M.:8, 9, 11. 15, 19.

YOUNG , 30,

ZEMPILAS,T.: 1,8, 11,20.

ZUEGG.J. K.: 1,S.9, 10, 16, 19,20

iseriminations

villeitwas,too—tocatchaglimpseof the great stars of the past and when I contrast it with the second-rate shows I attend these days, I feel tempted to godowntotheCausewayandfeedmyself tothecrabs. Iaskyou—do you see me waiting for Beryl Bevay outsidetheLuxor? Would youwaitYourself,

' ,

=Z."

Film-goersin thisfaircity who have aliking for"musicals" cannot complain of recent film fare offering in Perth cinemas. At present one has achoice ofseeinganyorall fourmusicals filmed in technicolour showing. I have reviewedtwoof thesein the last two issuer. Thee tard,"'Dixie;' I intend to dealwith this week. Incidentally,fromameritpointofview,it is almost about in its correct place. "This it the Army" and "Thousands Cheer" are more satisfying viewed from almosteveryangle. Still,"Dixie" hasaquietcharm—theoldSouth, the oldsongs,andtheoldmildly nostalgic sentiment. It isphotographed in the tenderer shadesof technicolour, which gives the eves minor relief.

The story concerns America's first niggerminstrel,DanEmmett, the man whowrote"IwishIwasinDixie;"and saw it becometherallying song of the Confederacy. Wisely enough, Hollywood has not made any attempt to raise the old issuebetween the North and South. Bing Crosby plays the part of Emmett, and I must admit that he doesaWrjob. Notknowing mach about Mr. Emmett, Ican only presume that he bore astriking resemblance to Bing in every respect. Crosby, as he will readily and rheerfully admit, will never be agreat ac. tor. Still he has alikeable personality, and an almost unnatural cvav of appearingnaturalonthescreen. This is areal asset for any star. However stronglyone feels about crooners —and somepeopledo feel verystrongly—it must be grimly admitted that Crosbv has the biggest following of anvcelebrityinAmerica,andhispopularity seems little less in most other English speaking countries.

In thefilm Emmett leaves home with 500 dollars(which he soon loses toagambler) tomake goodbeforehe can marry his childhood sweetheart. In spite of afens tender encounters with Domthv Lamour (this time she is over-dressedinsteadsoftheother extreme), he does not waver, at least to any appreciableextent, and he returns to the old home town to find that in hisabsencehis sweetheart has become acripple. Ile marries her.

Some nigger minstrel numbers in "Dixie" are well presented, and they cannot fail -

tobring back pleasant memories to elderly people. This quaint type of vaudeville presentation has its own peculiar charm, and it should appeal just as much to the younger generation. In conclusion , "Dixie" is rather interesting entertainment, justslightlyabove average standard. —"GROUCHO."

LITERARYSKETCHES.

No. 1—RobertBrowning.

Born in Camberwell on May 7, 1812. When, towards the evening of hislife ayoungmanwhowasmoreeagerthan prudent said to him:"There is no romance nowexceptin Italy;' Brown. ing replied:"Ali.well,Ishould liketo include poor old Camberwell"

Thiswasaflash-backto the romance ofhis boyhood,andgives aline on a very important aspect of Browning's personality; forhenever ceased tobe romantic. Ilewas born in the afterglow of the Romantic Revival, which might be measured from Wordsworth to Keats, but although he early came under the influence of Byron, he was notimbuedwiththerevolutionarypassion whichwasone of the legacies of the Frenchupheaval. Rather,hewas eccentric. The centreof the social sy

Because of his prodigious store of unusual learning Browning was Jften obscure. His obscurity is also adirect result of his simolicity, because being asimple man he wrote as he lived—without reference to other people. It is absolutely wrong to conclude, as some small-minded critics have done, that his obscurity was a mark of intellectual pride; there is nothingto support.thistheorybeyond the pride and prejudice of those who advanceit.

Iledid not reap fameuntil late in life. His obscurity together with his unusual prosody made him an object of curiosity and derision rather than aliterarylion. Theearly Victorians weremuch more in the mood to be stroked and tickled by Tennyson than badgeredbyBrowning. Browningdemanded thought and insistedon probingforthemeaningoftheUniverse: "This world's no blot for its, Nor blank; it means intensely, and means good."

Ameasure of the intensity of his vision, of his clear perception of the trend of thought consequent on the great social changes that were beginninginhisday,is-thefactthatmodern literatureawesfar more toBrowning's influence ban it does to the outpouringsofany ofhiscontemporaries.

The essential, outstanding and char. acteristiccontributionmadebyBrowningtothe fund ofEnglishliteratureis his"Dramatic Monologue." In this new form, which he created, he takes acharacter atatypicalorcritical momentandmakeshimlavbarehissoul. He attempts to present the character talking without restraint,as Browning imagines he would talk in such and suchasituation. Theresultisusual. lyavividanddramaticportrayal,such as we get in"My La:t Duchess" or "Fra Lippo Lippi" or"Andrea Del Sarto" or"The Bishop Orders His Tomb."

Intheirpreoccupationwiththeintellectual side of his genius,both opponents and admirers of Browning have tendedtoneglecthisvalueasaliterary artist. Hisopponentshavesneeredat himforbeingmore of aphilosopher than apoet, and his admirers have hailedhim asaphilosopherand not a mere poet. Although at-times he lapses into extremes of grotesque verbiage,itisunforgettable thathewrote manylyricsofgreatpowerandbeauty, such as"Saul;" from which come the followingwell-known lines: "Oh, the wild joyof living! the]taping from rock torock, Thestrongrendingofboughsfrom the fir-tree, the coolsilvershock Of the plunge in a pool's living water.. "

Browning(lied'fullofyearsand honour on December 12, 1889. Ile was buried in the Poet's Corner of West. minister Abbey, the choirsinging his wife'spoem,"HeGiveth His Beloved Sleep." Concerning him Walter Savage Landor wrote: "SinceChaucer wasalive and hale, Noman bath walked along our'road with step Soactive,.soenquiringeye,and tongue So varied in discourse."

—DEGUSTIBUS.

THE CRAZY SHOW OF 1945.

Little Tich: Isaw you the other nightat the Luxor, Mr.Smith, sitting up there in the front stalls.

Little Tich(doubtfully): I don't think so, Mr. Smith. But perhaps they can't get the best people these days.

Mr. Smith: They can afford to pay for them, but I'm afraid they just aren't there any longer.

LittleTich: They've got Mike Mc, Cormick direct from the Tivoli,

Mr.Smith:Idon'tthinkMr.Carroll's talentscoutscanlikePerthverymuch. No, asIsaid, Little Tich, I'm afraid they aren't coming on in sufficient numbersanymore. If theyoungtalent of today can swoon lingeringly into a microphone in some radio studio,theythinktheyaretopsasentertainers,andvet mostof ,

themdon't knowhowtowalkon and offastage.

Little Tich: Ithought the show went

rather smoothly myself.

Mr. Smith: My remarks were gen. eral, and were notmeant to apply to the Luxor. Actually the stage man. agement there was one of the few bright features of the evening. The jokes,on the other hand, wereof the dullest. Idon'tmindstalejokes,but Ihate'em when they're musty. And then theCrazy Quartette....

LittleTich: I've seen that act done better in the bar-room of a country pubbyacouple ofbroken-downshowmen. Youknow, Mr. Smith, Ithin]( I'd do pretty well in the vaudeville line myself.

Air.Smith: Withoutwishingtopraise you in any way, Little Tich, you'd probably be alot funnier than Hal Turner, the midget comedian but I scarcely think you've got the makings ofaboysoprano.

DearTich: You liked Freddie Gold. man, then? Ilike rollickingchoruses better.

Mr.Smith: Therewereaboutfouror fiveturns that would just about have madethegrade inan average show. The girl gymnast, without being in tiny way•sensational, was good, and BillyAndros, the gaydeceiver....

Li,

ttle Tich: If Ihadn't seen the girls' legs Iwouldn't have been able to spot that ghost trick myself.

Mr. Smith: Even for afirst night, the number of blues, such as that, through lack of rehearsal, was aggravating. The ballet had improved though,evenifoneortwoof the'girls were making rather desperate efforts to keep up. Still if there were any people left who wanted to see aHa• waian dance, Irish Shand was quite fair, and technically Freddie Goldman, in eitherof his two voices, sang pleasantly enough. Itmaysurprise you, Little Tich, toknow thatIhavebeen practisingHark, Hark theLark inmy bath oflate.

Little Tich: Talking about voices, Maggie Buckley seems perfectly satisfiedrf hers is heard above everybody else's. But how did you like Ike DelavaleinhisstraightnumberasOld Black Joe?

Mr.Smith:Hewaswrappedupinit, wasn't he? May God sward him for his ambition and grant him the trouper'sdream.

Little Tich: What's that?

Mr. Smith: TheGarbo had it when she wanted to play comedy. And while on the subject of comedy. I must say thateven the stomach of a hardened old roue like myself was re voltedbysomeofthethingsthatwere put across.

Little Tich: Pretty crude werent they?

Mr. Smith: The management appears atlasttohavedecidedtoshed all discretion, and restrict its appeal to a minorityofshowgoers,andhavinggot them there to insult even their intelligence by leavingnothing to the imagination. Most distressing for a man of my finer sensibilities. Icertainly hope you won't risk corrupting yourmoralsbygoingthere again, LittleTich.

Little Tich: Idon't intend to, Mr. Smith:

Mr. Smith: Nor I, unless adrastic change takes place. However, they have evidently decided that they can get on without us, though how far theywillgotisanothermatter. The houses they are getting in their new show are poorer than they should be. Stillwe can'tdomuchaboutitexcept advise our friends not to go. However, Idid notice the other day that Max Harris was fined for publishing obscene verse, and it's not past time that someone started aLegion of Decencytocleanupvaudevillebothhere and in the Eastern States.'

stem in the Victorian era was a hard core compoundedofanumberof "isms," such as industrialism, individualism, rationalism; and the green light was a pernicious philosophy known asUtilitarianism,whichpreached that the end justified the means. Browning, alongwith afew other independent spirits, worked on the circumferenceofthecircle and bared his teeth at the centre.

Air. Smith: Iam ashamed to say you did, LittleTich. Iwasgrievously misted by the publicity acertain paperwasgivingtheshowthere.flow• ever,Iunderstand thatthepantomime attendances reached astaggering figtire, and Isuppose the paper in ques. tion has acertain dutyto itsreading public.

Little Tich: You feel badabout the whole thing, then.

Mr. Smith: Not bad, but sad, my friend. WhenIthinkhowinthedays ofmy youth Iwaited with the crowd out,tde the Melrose Theatre in Murray-street, or outside some other vaudeville theatre—andgood clean vaude-

GOOD LUCK

Established1874.

OfficialOrganofthe Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressallcommunicationstothe Editor, BoxA35,G.P.O.,Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH.

TELEPHONE: B6950.

PERTH, WEDNESDAY,JANUARY 17, 1945.

What Education Means to Catholics

TheremarkablesuccessesofCatholicschoolsintherecentUniversity Examinations is anotherproofofthe efficiency of theeducational system in the Archdiocese. Yet in this success we see but the least important ambition of our Diocesan Schools, for asound,religioustrainingis thefirstandforemostobjective. All other considerations are subordinated to that important principle. It is afulfilment of the Scriptural injunction: "Seek ye first the KingdomofGodandHisjustice,andall thesethingswillbeadded onto you." It is very gratifying, then, to note that success has crowned the efforts of the teachers in the lesser as well as the more important spheresof theiractivity.

The courageous stand taken by Catholics to safeguard the teaching of religion in education resulted originally in the establishmentofParochial, PrimaryandSecondary Schools. Afterthe Reformation, the Church and State no longer co-operated in the matterof education. The most seriousresult was the separation of moraland religious trainingfrom purely intellectual education. Neither State or High Schools could ever be acceptable, as long as they persisted in apurely secular system. For Catholics religion istooseriousamattertobeseparatedfromeducation. Life herereceives its highest valueby serving as apreparation for the lifetocome,andanysystemofeducation which leavesoutofconsiderationoftheultimatepurposeoflife,isvain anduseless.

The Cathulic Church has, therefore, been obliged to rejectthe Governmeit system on conscientious grounds, even though it meantthelossofalltheadvantagesoffreeeducation. With little or no help from the State. it hasbeen obliged to build and equip itsownschools,ratherthan forsaketheprinciples

of religioustraining, upon which Christianity is founded. The result is that every parish in the Commonwealth has its own schools, supported entirelybytheCatholic people. Although religion is recognised as thebest training in citizenship,the State has neverrecognised religious schoolsat their true worth. In some countries the parochial schoilshavereceived aid from the Government, but in most they are maintained by voluntary contributions.

Such is the case with Australia. The struggle for religious education beganatthe very beginningof our history. The first schools opened in Sydney were maintained by Father Therry and his faithful followers. Lateron,the Governmentgaveagrant to all Churchschools. Sumsof money,in proportionto thenumber of school children, were paid to the various denominations, and this scheme was-later extended toall the States. But itdill not long continue. State aid was gradually withdrawn from all the States, includingWestern Australia, which has had tosupport its own schoolssince 1894. TheworkofthereligiousOrdersof men and women, in this respect, cannot be over-estimated. It is not too much to say, that without their devoted and self-sacrificing work, suchaschemewouldbe impossible. That they have faithfully carriedouttheir wort in thesphere of secular work,as well as religion,isbeyondquestion.and thegratitude of allthe CatholicsoftheStategoesouttothemintheirwell-meritedsuccess. As Catholicshavealsotopaytheirshareoftaxes forthepubliCschool system,theyare labouringunderadoubleburden. Butthis only places in clearerlight their loyalty to the principleson which Catholic P.tlitcatimt is based-

Living With the Lhurch

MASS OALENDAR rOR THE WEEK

January21-ThirdSundayafter Epiphany.

Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Agnes. 3rd. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Trinity.

January 22-W. Vincent and Anastasiva,Martyrs.

Mass "Intret.' 1st, prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer"Deus qui salutis," 3rd. prayer for the Church or Pope. 4th.prayerforpeace.

January 2"t. ,Raymond of Penner fort Confessor.

Mass"Osjusti." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd, prayer of St. Erementiana. 3rd. prayer"Deus qui salutis." 4th. prayer for peace.

January2"t. Timothy, Bishop and Martyr.

Mass "Statuit" Epistle proper. 2nd. prayerforpeace.

January26-The Conversion of St. !Paul,Apostle.

Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Peter, 3rd. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Apostles.

January2"t. Polycarp, Bishop and Martyr.

Massproper. 2nd.prayerforpeace. January27-St.JohnChrysostasnl Bishop,!Confessor, and Doctor. Massproper. 2nd.prayerforpeace. Creed.

Annual ConferEnce

cf ReligiousTeachers

TO OPEN ATVICTORIA SQUARE, JANUARY24th.

The annual Conference of the ReligiousTeachersoftheArchdiocesewill beheldatVictoriaSquareonWedues. day, January24.

The Conference will open with the celebration of Mass by is Grace the (ArchbishopinSt.Mary'sCathedral at 9.30a.m. Theoccasional sermon

will bepreachedby,Rev.G.Lawlor,S.J.

BOYS' TOWN, CLONTARF TO-

RE-OPEN

Boys'Town,Clontarf,whichforsome years has been at the di;pogal of the armed forces, has been handed back to the Christian Brothers, and will reopen on the 26th. inst. It is hoped thattheBrotherswillbeabletoaccept boysforadmissionfrom the30th,inst. Application should be made to the newSuperior, Rev. Brother Crowley, Christian Brothers' College, St. George'sTerrace,Perth.

CATHOLIC BROADCASTS.

The Catholic Answer: Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Stations6PRand6TZ.

0e

ArCOaiOC¢6¢

.

Very Rev. A. E. Johnston, Rector ofSt. FrancisXavier's Seminary,Ade. laide, hasreturned to Adelaideafter a briefholidayspentin Perth.

Rev.J.BourkeleavesforAdelaideon Thursday, totakeuphisdutiesasProfessor a4 St. Francis Xavier'& Seminary,Adelaide.

VeryRev.A.Scherzinger, P.S.M„ recently appointed first Superior of St. Francis Xavier's Native Mission, Wandering, has taken up residence at the Mission.

ARCHBISHOP'S !ENGAGEMENTS.

January29- . _

7.15 a.m.: Preside at Ceremony of Profession at St. John ofGod Convent,Subiaco.

January249.30a.m.:CelebrateMassontheoccasion of theopeningof the Annual Teachers' Conference.

January30:

8a.m.: Presideat Ceremony of Pro• fession at St. Joseph's Convent, Fre. mantle.

February28.30 a.m.: Preside at Ceremony of Profession atConventofMercy,VictoriaSquare.

T

HOLIOAV RESORTS

MASS TIME TABLE.

Cottedoe: Sundays: 7a.m.: 10 a.m.

NorthBeach:

Sundays(from Dec.24, until furthernotice):9.30a.m.

Rockingham:

Sundays (in January): 9a.m.

Scarborough:

Sundays: 8a.m.

QUARANT' ORE is".

JANUARY.

4th.-SATANNING: One Day of Exposition.

FEMMARY.

1st.-REDEMPTORIST MONASASTERY: Forty Hours' Prayer(2nd.-4th.).

HARVEY: One Day of Exposition.

2nd.-SALAMUNDA: One Day of Exposition.

3rd.-DARDANUP One Day of Exposition.

4th.-WAGIN: OneDay ofExposition.

MACH.

1st.-CCOLCARDIE: One Day of ^ Exposition.

Young men who wish to dedicate their lives to the work of THE FOREIGN MISSIONS! -

Anew Mission Seminary is beingopened by the Divine Word Fathers at Marburg, Queensland, in March, 1945. This Mission Seminary has foritsexpressand solepurpose theeducationofyoungmenwhowishto dedicate their lives to the Propagation of the Faith in foreign lands, particularly in the South Seas, Students will be accepted aftersuccessful completion of the Junior (Intermediate) Examination.

Candidates will present testimonialletters from their Parish Priests, aswell as from theirSchool Superiors.

Youngmen interested in the Missionary Brotherhood are also urgedtomakeinquiries.

For further particulars, write toREV. DANIEL DRISCOLL, ?.V.D., MISSIONSEMINARY,MARBURG,QUEENSLAND.

JSrotherConlo'c",Aeereditingis'Undem -

peratir"

External Versus Internal or Accrediting System of Examinations

Discussion at Adult -

_Summer School

to answers to the same paper in

Education

Geometry. Theanswerssubmittedby agoodaveragestudentwereagainduo• licated and sent to 115 teachers of mathematics in Secondary schools. In • • • this case it was found that the marks variedfrom28percent.to92percent.

Ihave been asked to submit my and undemocratic inacountry where All thisgoes to show thateducational views on the relative merits of Exter• the results of examinations have adi- measurement is very difficult 4,nd far nal and Internal or Accrediting Sy stems of Examinations.

At the outset, Ishould like to state that this whole matter has been the subject of widespread discussions and controversy, not only in Australiabut. in many other countries as avell, es• pecially in Englandand America, dur• ing many years past,and, as far as I know. there isstill

no decidednational majorityopinioninfavouroftheabolitipn of external examinations, for the reason thatnobodyhasyet advanced asubstitute for mental measurements which has met withanational major• ity approval. It is quite true that many substitutes for External Examinations have been proposed and put into operation in certain districts and StatesintheEnglish-speakingword,as wellas inothercountries, withaview togetting acompletemental measurement of pupils, but all have been found tobe defectiveand far from reliable and effective.

Undoubtedly,therearedefectsinthe External system, as there are in allothersystemssubstituted'forit ,

sofar. Fence Iconsider that instead of a co

mplete abolition of asystem that has survivedgenerations of(world-wide criticisms and the substitution for it ofsomeothersystemthatmust natu r

• ally have an element of experimentation aboutit, it would be to the advantage da sparsely-populated State like that of WA.,if those responsible fot thedirectionofitseducational system were to direct their energies towards the improvementofour present system, and notlaunch out on expensiveanddrasticreformsthattimemay prove unsuitable.

The discussions on the new Educa• tion Bill in England have revealed much variation in thought as to the bese means of securing the maximum benefits from theeducation system in that country,wherethe matterofExternal Examinations has come in for ` its shareofcomment. The following is the opinion ofthe Incorporated Association of Head Masters, as containedintheNorwood Reporton External Examinations:

"Wedonotfavourtheabolitionofall externalexaminations at the age of16 plus. We areledto this conclusion , not merelyby thereasonable demands of• professional and other publ ic bodiesforsomerecognisedstandardof educationalattainment, and we should view withconcerntheprospectofareturn to acomplicated system of pry, fessional preliminary examinations.

Put webelievethat, on purely educational grounds,suchatest has atonic effect on both pupils and staff ,

rect bearing on the future prospects of those who sit for them. At the present time Scholarships, University Bursaries, and Exhibitions are awarded,andadmissionintotheClericaland ProfessionaldivisionsofthePublicSer• vice and otheradministrative departments are decided, as they should alwaysbe, on the resultsofcompetitive tests. Infairnesstoallconcerned the competitive systemforpublicpositions mustbe continued,andinsuch away that all competitors for positions will be measured by common educational standards. Ican't see how this can bedoneimpartially,iftheGovernment empowers each school to fix its own standard and issue its own certificates which will serve as entrance qualifications to public positions which should be gainedbycompetition.

There are certain types of self -

con• tained schools in our cities and large provincial towns, to which Ishall referlater, and which Iconsider would benefitby asystemofInternal Examinations, but Iwould recommend the present system of External examina• tions, with certain modifications, for all Secondary Schools whose pupi ls compete for public positions or pass on to Universities and other institu . tions to continue'their studies.

Without intending to reflect in any wayontheefficiencyofourcompetent body ofexaminersinW.A., Iconsider that our present system of conducting thepublicexaminationscouldbemuch improved by'acloserco-operation and understanding betweenthe examining bodies and the schools. Under the present system, one, or at most, two examiners in each subject, have thrown on their shouldersthe full re• sponsiWlity of passing orfailingcandidatesin aparticular subject or of assigning high or low markson the results obtained in asingle examination on atwo years' course of study. This is not fair to the candidate whose future may be closely connected with the results secured in a single test , which,like all other school tests, con• tains abig element of unreliability. Neitherisit fairto theexaminer who , inmostcases,hasnootherguidetothe candidates' abilitythanthatcontained in answers which are often written under nervous or emotional distur• bances consequent on the dread of failure-or for other reasons.

from being reliable, no matter what system of examining is adopted, for the reason, that the standard of effi. ciency expected by each teacher is necessarily of his own making,and in consequence, may differ considerably from that of others. Moreover, an addeddifficulty arisesin the settingof suitableexaminationpaperstotestthe educationalstandardsof pupilshaving widely different degrees of ability, knowledge and application.

Ih9ve already alluded to some of the common difficulties that confront school authorities in allcountrieswith regard to educational measurements. In denselypopulated and highly industrialised countries like England, where there are numerous well-equip* pedandwell-staffedSecondaryschools, many of which are practically complete educational units, the examinationproblemisverydifferentfromthat in W.A., where we have. as far as I know,nothing approachingacomplete education unit, except the Technical College in Perth.

Iconsider that for many years to -comeitwill be essential to have some recognisedstandard of educational at• tainmautinW.A.,and inorderto do this most effectively it will be neces. sary to maintain aclose co-operation end mutual helpfulness between the University and the Secondary Schools of the State. With our small and widely-scattered population, a Statewide recognised standard of educationalattainmentmustbemaintained, andI-would suggest that our Second'

alsoasahelpandguideinmakingour Secondary educational system asefficient and democratic as possible—asys• tees in.which ability,application and merit should always receiveduerecognition and reward, irrespective of the social position and other factors connected with the students.

In order to bring about the necessary coordination'andmutual helpfulness between the University and the Secondary schools of the State, Ifeel that more organisation and constructiveness will be required in order to stimulate thoughtandaction in this direction. With this end in view I am takingthelibertytomake the fol•_ lowing suggestions:

(a) That aPermanent Council, to deal with Secondary Education in the State be established, the Council to consist of two representatives from the University, two from the State Secondary Schools, and two'from the Private and Denominational Schools.

(b) That committees of teachers to deal wit)r

t the individual-subjects taught in Secondary Schools be established with aviewtoforwarding their commentsandrecommendationstothe CouncilofSecondaryEducation. Such recommendations should prove of greatvaluetothemembersofthePublie Examinations Board.

' aryeducational needs would he much benefited by closer co-operation with the University,which in aState like W.A, should serve, not only as an inspiration in educational matters, but

tcl That an annual meeting be•arrangedbetween theCouncil ofSecondary Educationandatleast two ofthe teachers dealing with iddividual subjects setdowninthesyllabusforSecondary Schools, one teacher for each subject to be selected from the State Secondary Schools, and one. from the Private or Denominational Schools. The purposeofthismeeting would be toreviewthe syllabusforeach subject andtosuggestchanges,iffound necessary, also to commentonthe suitability or otherwise of the examinations set inthevarioussubjects.

(d) Thatthetravellingandotherexpenses of teacherslivingoutside Perth area, who attend meetings and conferences connected with Secondary F,du• (ContinuedonPage 12.)

which ourtweighs its alleged disadvantages, and which cannot he supplied by school records or Internal examinations. We are entirely in favour of greater freedom in suggestion and adoption ofmodifications which may , fromtimetotime,appeardesirable.We do not believe that such atest need unduly cramp or restrict work along o

riginal lines, if fuller advantage is taken of special tests and papers which mostexaminingbodiesarequite ready tosupply."

Ican'tseehowwecan, in justiceto the public,getawayfrom arecognised standard of educaticnal attainment inthetypeofSecondary Schoolswhich we have in W.4., where they are separated, inmany instances ,

by vast distances,andsometimesworkingwith limited staffsand equipment, all of which prevent them from being run as full and self-contained school units. By introducingInternal Examinations into such schools there will be atendency to establish as many different standards in subjects as there are teachersin District Schools.

This would he regrettable, unjust

It is awell-knowq fact, established , by educational experiments, carried out over anumberof years that the degree of variation in the marks as* signed to the same answers by different examiners is often very great, becauseeach isatlibertytosetupanarbitrary standard which often varies from veryhigh toverylow,asthefollowing examplestwill indicate. Irecentlyread ofan experiment carried out with aview to finding the variation in the.marks assigned by different teachers from Secondary schools to the same answer paper in the subject, English. Theanswerssubmitted to atypical English paperby agood average student were duplicated and submitted to each of 142 teachers in Secondary schools scattered throughout alarge area. The marks varied from 50 per cent, to 98 per cent.The variation was very real and well distributed. Four teachers assigned 65 percent. tothesame answers, four 70 per cent., ten 75 per cent, thirteen 80 percent.,seven87percent,five 90

per cent., and the other marks were scat• tred between the intervening numbers.

SomemaysaythatEnglish isasubjectthateasilylendsWelftovariation in marking, butit was found by the samebodyofexperimenters that there wasevengreatervariationinthemarks assigned byalargenur•he•of teachers

J. NEILSON, Optician

S.DANNELL,F.S.M.C.(London), WA.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST, Tel,: B2014. 16 PLAZA ARCADE, PERTH.

BRYANT & WATERS, 80to90STIRLINGST.,PERTH.

WOOD & COALMERCHANTS.

Orders Promptly Attended To. 'Phone:B3938.

S. BEECROFP —Butcher

181 Rokeby Road,Subiaco.

Drily Prime Frest, Killea Meat :ooln 'Phone W1373.

BUNBURY.

LANDand ESTATE AG'NT, G. H. TEEDE.

'Phone 31...... Private 267 SMITH'S BUILDINGS, WELLINGTONST., BUNBURY.

Businesses,Farms,Ho "s,Land For Sale. t

PATRONISE OUR ADVERTISERS.

ALBANY.

H.C.PriorFuneralDirector

ALBANY (Established 1921). PrivateMortuary.MotorVehicles. ChargesModerate. 'Phone 215.

Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts, KALGOORLIE.

J. W. SHEEHAN, PRIMEBEEFBUTCHER.

HANNAN ST., KALGOORLIE. MARTTANA STREET.

Tel.438.............Tel.438

ALEX RODOREDA

Turf Commission Agent 802 HAY STREET. AGENT FOR W.A. CHARITIES. Ring B5841 and B5236. IIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIItI111111111111111111tI111111111111111111N111111111111111• 11

T. VIVIAN, 149 Rokeby-road,Subiaco. W1539. FOR SEWERAGE CONNECTIONS, W1539. Bad Water Pressure, Broken Pedestal Parts, Blocked Sewer Drains, Cistern and Roof Repairs, T.V, Headlight Masks to Approved Design.

BASSENDEAN BAKERY N. LOVELOCK

BAKER AND PASTRYCOOK, ETC.

TEL.: UL17S. WESTROAD, BASSENDEAN.

ARTHUR E. DAVIES & CO. funeral Directors ana Embalmers

PERTH:

Or.Beaufortand Bulw.rStreets. B9400.

CLAREMONT: Opposite RailwayStation. !2177.

FREMANTLE: 85Market Street. L2225.

PARTNERS: WALLICE A. H. GREEN & GEORGE B. COCKERILL.

Metropolitan Business College

Catholic Girls' Movement

HEADQUARTERS AND CLUB ROOMS:

Bank of NS.W. Chambers,fib St. George'sTerrace (near Sherwood Court)—Rooms: 7.10 First Flocr.

• CALENDAR.

MONDAY ,r Shorthand,5.15p.m. Liturgy, 8p.m.

TUESDAY: Physical Culture„ 7--8 p.rn. ArtsandCrafts,8p.m. Orchestra, 8p.m. Dramatics, 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY: Red Cross—E,S.C., 8P.M. Dressmaking, 7p.m, Shorthand, 5.15 p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS, 8a.m.-EXPOSITION.

BENEDICTION, 5.15 p.m. Choir, 8p.m..

SATURDAY: Gremlins' Chub. 3p.m.

•

SOFTBALL. Areyouinterestedinthisgame,which is very similar to American baseball? Ifso comealongtotheEsplanadejust behindC:B.C.onanyFridayabout5.15 p.m. to learn how to play, or if the -time doesn'tsuityou,leave yourname attheRoomsandwe'llarrangeanother practice.

TENNIS.

Death of Lieut. Reg Dewar

FORMER EMPLOYER or "TEE REOORD"

ITCOSTSNOTHINGTO ENQUIRE.

This little group of ex-students enquired,notedthateachwouldreceive Personal Individual Instruction, that she would not be just one of a crowd; placed themselves in our hands,andtheyhavebeenholdingcongenial and well-paid office positionssincethe day theyleft. Well Trained,Confident,and SelfSupporting,their parents'responsibility isover—our Emplayment Service takes care of any future changes. FullBusiness Course (12months):£24,payable10s.weekly.

SixMonths' Course:E14: ThreeMonths'Course,E7 15s. SEE US FIRST—THEN DECIDE. SEND YOUR DAUGHTERTO— METROPOLITAN

BUSINESS COLLEGE

NextMETROTHEATRE (Upstairs), WILLIAM STREET. Tel.B6408

HUGH V. EVANS, F.C.T.S.,F.F.T., Comm., Principal.

r

It is with verydeep regret that we record the deathof Lieut. Reg Dewar (returned M.E.),whodied of wounds in New Guinea onJanuary 7, at the ageof29years. Forsome time prior to enlisting in theAJ.F., Mr. Dewar was amemberof"TheRecord" staff, wherehewasemployedasamachinist. He washighlyskilledathistrade,and wasaveryproficientworker. Hewas extremely popularwithhis workmates and all concerned at"The Record," andwas amostfaithfuland loyal ser. vant. His place will be hard to fill. To his sorrowing wife and child and relatives,"The Record" extends its deepest sympathyin their great bereavement,

St.Francis Xavier's NativeMission

DONATIONS.

Tennis at the moment is held each Saturday afternoon from 2p.m. on courts 7and8 at Robertson Park.. There is apossibility, however, that this activitytwill be changed to Sunday, so watch for further particulars within thenextfewweeks,

OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES.

Friday, January 26: Keep thatdate ,

freeifyou'reakeencrabber andcome to ourcrabbing partyat White Beach (Dalkeith),from7p.m.onwards.There willbeasupplyofnets,butifyoucan bring your own all the better. The JutlandParade,UnitedBus,goesright past thespot,sodon'tlet yourexcuse be that you didn'tknow where togo.

THINGSTOCOME (Particularswillbegivenfromweekto week).

Sunday, February4:Beach Picnicat Scarborough,

Tuesday, February 13: River Trip.

Thursday, February 22: Scavenger Hunt.

Sunday,:)larch11:TennisattheZoo.

Friday,March16: RiverTrip.

Sunday, March 25: Day at Kala. rounds.

Thursday„April5: Barbecue.

Friday,April 15: Crabbing Party.

Sunday,April22: Picnicat National Park.

PROPAGATION OF THE FAITH.

The purpose of this world-wide Associationistounitetheprayers,thein. terests,and-thesacrificesofmillionsfor thespreadofthenameofJesusChrist the Redeemer, to every land, As a member youdomuchto-helpthemissionaries in the realisation of Christ's plan to preach the Gospelto every creature. If you are not amember, why not make the effort and become one now.

GREMLINS.

On Saturday,January20, we areoff toseeAbbottandCostelloattheRoyal Theatre, in place of the pantomime, "Cinderella." Be sure to meet usall at the Roomsnotlaterthan 1.30p.m., as we don't want to miss even one single laugh.

CANTEENSERVICE.

C.G.M. Group—Phyllis Dean: Wednesday, January24.

{ARTSANDCRAFTS.

And so this activity has started again. But, of course, you know as you must have seen the really lovely toys we had in our show-case in the officebefore Xmas. Well, in addition to toy-making we are interested in paper mache, shell work, and all the other popular crazes. Join up with us, girls, and come every Wednesday eveningat8pin.

ES.C. GROUP.

The first meetingfor the New Year willbeonWednesday,January24. We want to build up the company girls,

(Continued footofnextcolumn.)

I s. d.

Previously acknowledged.. 131 32

Anonymous ...... .. .. .. 10 00 Mrs.A.L.Urquhart,QuindanAustin Urquhart, Quindan-

La Trinite 2 0

Miss Winter,200 Cambridgestreet, Wembley.... 5

SacredHeartConventSchools, HighgateHill........ 10 0

Anonymous, Wagin...... 3 3

Per Rev. A. Scherzinger, P.S.M. .. .. . .. .. 210 R. W.,SanatoriumWooroloo 10 Mrs.Smith,Bindoon...... 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

f171 12

Gift of Kind. I.M.P.: Holy Picture.

H.A.C.B.S.

Our LadyHelpofChristiana'Braffes, EastVictoriaPark.

A very well attended meeting was held on January 9. 1945, which was the first for the year. It is hoped that in thisnew yearmembers willremembertheir!fortnightlymeetingsand come along. Sr. Ryan was reported back in hospital, and all wish her a speedy recovery. AChristmas card was received from Pte. E. McCarthy. A.I.F., and A/S L.Carroll, wishingall memberiamerryChristmasandbright new year. Letters were also received' from Dye.J. Palmer(A.I.F.), Pte. Reg Craig (A.I.F.), Pte. L. Greenwood (A.I.F.), and Sergeant B. Kent (RA.A.F., England), thanking the members for the parcels they bad received fromthebranch. Membersare reminded that our nest meeting will beheldonJanuary23andallareasked toattend.

ST.GERTRUDVSEX-OOLLEGIANS' (ASSOCIATION.

TheCommitteewishestonotifymembers and friends that the Annual ReUnionwillNOTtakeplacethisyearat St. Joseph's Convent, South Perth.

MANDURAHMASSTDIETABLE, Mass willhecelebratedin Mandurah nextSunday,January21,at8a.m.

so that our effort for the Red Cross will be worthyof the C.G•M. Sodo try to attend this meeting and also bring yourfriends. This year, in addition to theusualrosters,weare having aseries of lectures and will be learning paper mache work and the making of allsortsofnovelties.inpreparationfortheannuelfete. Sothere will be lotsofinteresting things todo.

To enable everyone to say goodbye to Catherine Kane, our past Secre,

tary, who isleaving for the Eastern States, abeach picnic, with afternoon teaat theColourPatch, North Cot-slie, has been arranged for Saturday. January 20. We are meeting at Newspaper House at 3p.m., and will look forward toseeingall membersof the company.

Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Heater Stocks of Paints, Varnish,Calcomine.

Hassell'sStores,Perth,.. B6.107.

...dolly of Delaying JSaptism

WhomaybeSponsorsattheFont?

Certain Classes

Excluded From Acting

Reality of Duties of God- Parents

Baptism of Infante—Infants dying unbaptised can never enjoy the sight of God in Heaven. This does notimplythat theyarecondemned to Hell; for infants, being incapable of actual sin—i.e., personal sin of their own—could not deserve such punishment. At the same-time,seeing that they have not actually received baptism, their souls have never been cleansed from OriginalSin,have never had applied to them the merits of Christ's Atonement on the Cross, by which application alone they could have,regained the right to Heaven, which was forfeited by our FirstParentsforthemselvesandtheirposterity. God, therefore, doesnoinjustice in reiusing Heaven to ufibaptisedchildren; 'ior injustice means the violation of a right, and no human being can have anaturhl right to associate with God ineternalhappiness. In temporal affairs, no one can claim a property without he own the title-deeds; so no childofAdam canclaim the heavenly inheritance excepthe possessthe titledeeds,writteninthe PreciousBloodof the Redeemer, to be acquired only by means of Baptism. How wickedly reckless, then, are those Catholic parents who delay for weeks, perhaps for years,tohave theirchildrenbaptised! By such guilty neglect they run the awful risk of their helpless little ones being overtaken by an accident, or some mortal sickness of infancy, ere they have been made thechildren of God by Baptism, and soexpose them to the eternal lossof Heaven. How many poor babes, alas, ate thus defrauded of the glorious inheritance boughtbackatsoheavyandsodivine aprice) Worthyofallpraisefortheir truly Catholic faith are those good Christianmothers who hardly suffer a dayortwotopasswithoutsecuringso priceless abenefit for their offspring. Theywill not allow excessive fears— e.g., lest, perchance, ahealthy baby should take cold in the process—to weigh for one moment against their anxiety to provide for itseternal welfare. Sponsors.

Asponsor, otherwise called a godparent, is one who takes part in the solemn rite of Baptism(either in person' or by deputy), and answers for theCatholicbringingupofthe bapti% ed. "Spiritual relationship" arises from fulfilling this responsible office, whichformsabartovalidmarriage,of whichmore presently.

Whomay besponsors? AnyCatholic having the use of reason. But, accordingtothe"RomanRitual;"itis most desirable that "infants"—i.e., boys under twelve and girls under fourteen should not be chosen for the office.

The following are excluded from the office:

1. Non-Catholics. This is obvious from the verynatureofthechiefduty demanded of agod-parent. Sometimes non-Catholics, for one reason or another,aremostanxioustoactasgod* parents to the children of Catholics, and theremaybegoodreasonsYornot `altogether thwarting their desires. Sponsors they cannot be. Dtit there appears no convincin reason why—in England, at least—they should not be allowed to 5grre at the ceremony as witnessesmerely. This plan might save them the mortification of blank refusal, when there is good reason 1r sparing them that pain.

2. Publicly excommunicated persons.

3. Notorious criminals—i.e., those who have publicly disgraced themel-vesbysome gracecrime. Neglect of Easterdutiesdoesnotseemtobeclassedunderthisheadbythecommonlaw of the Church

4. Members of "Regular" Religious Ordersof men or women (Bishopsex• cepted) inthestrict canonical sense, :i.TheFatherand motherOf theper. son to bebaptised, 6. Husband or wife; persons under fourteen years of age, except for a goodreason;personswhodonotknow therudimentsofthefaith; anoviceor aprofessed member of any religious OrderorInstitute, except in urgent necessity and with the express permission ofthelocalSuperioratleast; per, sonsinSacredOrders,exceptwiththe permission o4 their Ordinary(Canons 765,760).

TheNatureofaQodparent'eObligation.

Thisobligationistosecure,asfaras possible, the Catholic bringing up of thegodchild,anobligationwhichceases once the child hasbeensufficientlyinstructed in such truths as concern it. Thechild is then considered to have ended his spiritual infancy. In prac• rice, when the parents are Catholics, the sponsor may presume, until the contrarybecomes evident,thatdueinstruction will be provided by the par• ants, who, of course, are primarily responsible. The sponsoronlyhas this responsibility in default of parents, or others who have charge of the child in their place. Though in the latter event the duty binding sponsors is a grave one, speaking theoretically, yet thesewilloftenbeexcusedfromacting by some insuperable ditficu4ty—e.g., wheretheCatholicparentsareirreligious, and will allow no interference in thematter.

Conditionsfor Incurring the ReaponaibilityofSponsor.

1.Thepersonmustmeantoincurit, besidesbeingpresent(inperson orby deputy).

2. At the ceremony the would-be sponsor must be in physical contact with the candidateduring thepouring of the water. But in order to comply with thiscondition itisnotnecessary(as Rome has declared) that the sponsor should take the child into his (orher) own arms in order topresent it formally to the priest forBaptism; but it is enough that the sponsor should be connected with the bearer by meansof keepingahandupon the child,and should accompanythebearerat thepouringofthe wester. Itis also sufficient that the godparent should receive the child from the font after the pouring of water, either directly from the priest, or indirectly through thehands of the nurse or bearer.

It is also equally sufficient if the sponsor either take the child and presentittothepriest,orelsereceivethe child from the hands of the priest or from the nurse immediately alter the said administration. Of course the prevailing practice of actually placing thehandon the childduring theDapfist is

more than sufficient. What we have said of the physicalaction of the sponsor applies equally to adeputy,who, however,

will notmean to become sponsor, nor contract,any dutiestowards the baptised.

Howmany, and of whatsex, should rponsorsbe?

1naprivateBaptism—e.g.,onegiven in private by alay person in case of necessity,asponsor shouldbeemploy

of Jnpants

ed, if easily possible; asponsor is not

necessary conditional Baptism. But intheordinary solemnadministrationinchurchorchapelonesponsor a ea mortal sin. Ifonlyone stand, that oneneednotnecessarilybedfthesame sexasthechild., dftherebetwo,the largest numberlawful, they shouldbe

t1st is obligatory under pain of

maleand female,respectively, andnot both ofthesamesexasthe child,still lessbothofadifferentsex. Thislast irregularity is themore objectionable as multiplying matrimonial "impediments" from spiritual relationship.

This impediment, instituted by the Churchoutofreverence for those two great Sacraments—Baptism and Confirmation—arisesmutually betweenthe following:

1. Betweenthebaptiserand thebaptised.

2:Between thesponsorand the godchild.

Wholesale Sponsorship.—What is to bethoughtofapracticesometimesfol. lowed? In some parish or other a priest's housekeeper, or a particular lady of the congregation, stands as godmother in Baptism to any number of poorchildren. Her charitablezeal deserves praise, and such readiness to oblige in this way is, no doubt, ade• cided convenience. But is there not some rashnesshere? Iam presuming to speak

in absolute condemnation of the proceeding. Yet, seeing that the responsibilitythusincurredis realand grave, it seems necessary to counsel moderation and caution in assuming the same. Atleast, itappearsimpru• dent foranyoneperson toassemblea numerous family of godchildren with-

out knowing whether the parents are well or ill disposed towards the practiceof theirreligion. Foritistobe borne in mind that when the parents (who are, of course, primarily respon• Bible) neglect their duty towards the souls of their children, the ounce dP sponsor at once ceases to be asine• cure,and calls for action. Andso it can hardly be conscientious to saddle oneself with more duties of thiskind thanonecanreasonablyexpecttosatisfy.

! tv Weekh>'':weeps

NOW OPEN

lwd. Goodatoeltapslnta,enameb,aprtnklera. andtaps. 84aaae1l'a,661Welliagton 239b CHARITIES Consultation E2000PRIZI Tickets 2/6 on esle everywhere or direct from the

Perth.

Our Catholic Schools and Colleges

Loreto Convent "Osborne" — Claremont BOARDINGANDDAYOOLL=G=.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundadoption on modern lines in all,branches of study. The pupils are preparedforallexaminations. TheSchoolis beautifully f

itt:ated between Oceanand River, in extensive grounds, with fineplaying fields andprivateSwimming Poolto River. Telephone: F213b. Apply— MOTHER SUPERIOR.

SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL

HIGHGATE — PERTH.

(CONDUCTED BY THE SISTERSNOTRE DAME DES MISSIONS). BOARDING AND DAYSCHOOLFOR GIRLS. PUPILS PREPAREDALL EXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORI SCHOOLFOR YOUNGCHILDREN. For Prospectus apply— REV. MOTHER PRIORESS.

'Phone:B3fi10.

5T. ILDEPHONSUS' COLLEGE

NEW NORCIA

CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS. Catholic boysrecommended onthescore of characterby their Palish Priest, and reedy to commence atlent Sixth Standardor arrital, can be now enrolled for commencementin lebrttary, 1116. Application shouldbemade at once. Acceptance dttrhtg 1944 or 11{6 is nolongei possible, , For Particulars Apply to—THE

BROTHER DIRECTOR.

CHisIBTIAN BROTHERS,MT. 8=NAY. ONE OFTHE ASSOCIATED PUBLICSCHOOLSOF W.A.

AQUINAS COLLEGE

Hibernian-Aus:-alasiccn Catholic Benefit Society BIiST BII9EfiraTOR LOWEST CONTRIBII170NS, DEATH BENE.'IT.—fb0, age 11 and under 20, 4/10 quarterly: (100.7/7quarterly. 20yearsandunder 1;3, :v3 qr.: f100, S/• qt. 23 years and under 25, J/5 qr.; 1100, 8/4 qr. 25 years and under 30, 5/10 qr.; f100, t^ n, Nfemt•crs up to Sl accepted. AlsoSickness,Medical andHospitalBenefits. J, EDWARDS,Gre.rdycretary,West Australian Chambers, St. George'sTerrace, Perth. Tel.: A7804.

St.Mary'sChristianBrothers'

College, leederville

=AIYIINATIONRESULTS, irINAL6, 1914.

OU33-LMAVMG:

Thefollowingqualified: R. Healy, J. McMorrow, S.Marchioro, J. Norris, R. Pooley, B Tully.

.Subjects: Christian Doctrine, English, Latin, Maths, A, Maths. B, AP pliedMaths.,Physics,Chemistry,Drawing, Geography.

Distinctions: J.McMorrow, Christian Doctrine; S. Machioro, Draiwing; R. Pooley, ChristianDoctrine.

SECOND YEAR SUB4UNIOR:

Keytosubjects:1, Religion;2, English: 3, History; 4, Latin; 5, Arithmetic; 6, Algebra; 7, Geometry; 8, Physics; 9, Chemistry; 10, Bookkeeping; 11 Drawing B; dplaced after subject denotes adistinction.

Paul Berry: Id,2,3,4,7,8, 11.

Laurence Branch: 1, 2, S.

GeraldChesson: 1,2,3,4,6,7d,8,9,11

AllenClarke:Id,2,3,5,6d,7,8,9, 1Od, IId.

Ronald Clarke: 1, 2, 4, 6d, 7,8,'3, 11.

LeoDawson: 1d,2,3 4,6,7,9, 11.

ThomasEvans: Id,2d, 3,5, 6d, 7d, 8, 9d, 10.

BarryFitzpatrick:Id,2d,3,4d,6d,7d, 8,9d, lid.

GeorgeGood: Id.2,3,4,5,6d,7d,8,3, 11,

DonaldHarris: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7d,49, 11.

FrancisHoltom:td,2,3,5,6,7d, S.9, 11.

AnthonyKlarich:1,2,4,5,6,7d,d,0d, lid.

ArnoldLePage: Id,2, 5,6, Id,Sd,9d, lid.

Leonard Pethick: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6d, 7d, 8d

NoelReader: Id,2,3,4d,5,6,7,rid,9. MervynRyan:1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11.

William Sheridan: Id, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9.'lld.

RaymondStewart: Id.2, 11.

JamesWaters: Id,2,3d,4,6,8d,9d,11.

William West: Id,2, 3,4, 5,6d,7,8d, 9d,11.

Firstplace in State in Bookkeeping wassecuredbyAllenClarke.

]FIRST YEARSUB-JUNIOR:

FirstinClassandFourthintheState: KEVIN WHITELY.

SecondinClassand Seventh inState: JOHNWALSH.

ThirdinClassand Eighth in State: 'LEONARDBARKER.

LeonardBarker: Id,2d,3,4,5,6d,7d, 8d,9d, 10d, 11, 12d,

MauriceBeeson: 1,2d,3,4d,5d;

6d,7, 8, 9d, 10, 12. 1

BryanBettridge: 1, 3, 5d,6d,7, 9,9d, 10, 11 12.

RobertBilling:1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 11

LuigiCandido: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,S.

StanleyCheglwidden: 1,2,3,4

5, 0, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12.

Kevin Clarke: 1,2, 3, 5d,6d, 7d,8,9, 10, 11, 12.

John.Clarke: 1, 2, 3, 5d, 6d, 7d,8d,9, 10 11, 12.

John Chilvers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8,9, 10.12.

AlanCrofts: 1,2, 3,4,5d,6d,7,8,0, 11.

PeterDigby:2,3,4,6d,7,8d,9,10,11.

CliffordFowler:3,

4, 5,6d,

7, 8,9,10,12

EmoGu•igiatti: 1,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10.

FrancisHughes:3,4,5,6d,7,8d,9, 10.

MalvernJackson:5,6,7.

Denis Jones: 1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11.

Francis Kelsall: 1, 4, 5d, 6d, 7, 8, 9d, 10d, 11, 12.

John Massam: 1,2,4,6,8,9, 10 11.

Thomas Meaney: 1, 3, 4d, 5, 6d, 7, 8, 9, 10.

Peter'Moorehouse: 3,5,6d, 7,8,9, 10, 11, 12,

Brian Murdoch: 1. 2, 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 7, 8d,9d, Tod, 12.

GrenvilleMurray:1,3,4d 8 9d,10.

Graham Ockleshaw: 1, 2,'i,'4, 5d, 6d, 7d,8d,9d,10d, 11,12.

RonaldPeirce:1,2,34,6,7,8,9,10,12

JohnRock: 4,5,6d,10,11.

PatrickSheridan:3,5,6,7,8,9,10d,11

William Stephenson: 1, 3d,4d, 5d,6d, 7,8, 10d. 11,12.

JohnThomson: 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,11, 12.

Patrick Tobin:2,3,6,10,41.

James Todd: 2,3,4, 5,6, 7, 8,9d, 10, 11, 12.

John Wallis: 1,2,3,4d,6d,7,8,9d, 10, 12.

John Walsh: 1,2,3,4d, 5d,6d,7d,8d, 9d, 10, 11,12.

JohnWaters: 1,2,3,46d,9,10.

KevinWhitely: Id,2,

8, 4d,5d,6d,7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11 12.

'Basil Worrier: 1,2d, 3, 4d, 6, 7,8d,9, 10, 11, 12.

Ronald Beaton:4,6,7, 10d.

FirstinStateinArithmetic: KEVIN WHITELY.

First in State in Drawing (Art): BRYANBETTRIDGE.

Monks Had Monty's Box Well Hidden From Germans

When Field Marshal Montgomery and hisstaffevacuatedtheirheadquarters at aTrappist Monastery at Eikhoek, nearDunkirk in 1940, theyasked the monks to take care of the kit they left behind and to pay spe- cial attention to Montgomery's box containingpersonal papers and books.

The officers said jokingly that they would come back and fetch it some time.

A short time ago an officer called at the monastery. He was Major Charles Sweeney, Field Marshal Montgomery'sA.D.C.in1940,andoneofthe officers who had asked the monks to take care of the kit. He had now come, at Montgomery's request, to claim it.

"I wasmostcourteously receivedby the monks, who remembered-the incident perfectly,"he said.

"They had kept their word to take special care of the General'sbox and had cementeted it into awall.

"TheGermanshad rifled the monasteryandhadtakenthekitoftheother officers,buttheydid not find Mont -

y's box."

PolesWere Buried Alive in Churches

An account of German atrocities in Poland, includingthe burningalive of congregations in churches, has been told to acorrespondent of the Soviet "Moscow News" by the Archbishopdf Vilna, Monsignar Romuald Jalbrzkowski.

iMonsignor Jalbrzhowski.had heen imprisoned in the monastery at Mariampol by the Germans since March, 1942. WhentheRussiansreachedthe town last July they found the Archbishop, who had been overlooked by the fleeingGermans,andhadtherefore escapeddeportation.

The Archbishop told the Moscow paper that several dozens of priests in his diocese had been murdered by the'Germans.

Two were executed for teachingPolish Children their catechism in Polish and anotherbecause in hissermon he had spoken ofHitler with"insufficient reverence."

Ile said also that there had been cases of congregations being herded into churchesand burned alive.

LEAGUE OF CATHOIIC YOUTH, SUBL&OO. Swimming.

Weareverypleased tohear thatthe Fremantle Boys'Clubare preparing to have alarge number of boys in the L.C.Y. swimmingteam thisyear. The swimming competition starte in Feb. ruary.

(Further notes nn back cover.)

►j, IN MEMORIAM + OnBar"".

CULLEN, F/O,D.R.-Inlovingmemoryof our dear son and brother, Doug., killed inaircraft accident off Rottnest Island January 6, 1944. R.I.P.

-Inserted by his loving mother, father, sister and brothers.

IIUNT.-In ever loving memory of ourdearlybelovedparents,whopassedpeacefullyawayMay28,1943,and January16,1944,respectively, Too dearly loved to be forgotten. Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on their souls.

-Inserted by theirbeloved family.

LEEN.-Of yourcharity,pray%for the reposeof the soulof Michael Leen, 'whodiedJanuary16,1942.

'Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercyonhissoul.

-Inserted by his loved ones.

WANTED,

Wanted Laundress, and Seamstress (over 45) for"Boys'Towq," Clontarf. Apply to Brother Crowley, Christian Brothers' College,St. George's Terrace.

Wanted Furnished House or Flat. ComoorVictoriaPark. Apply"A.B.," this office.

Wantedurgently,Unfurnished House or part House, Maylands or Bassen= dean. Apply "B.A.,"this office.

Wanted BoardandResidence inCatholic home, near Teachers' Training College, Claremont, by young lady. Fullparticularsto65Addis-street, Kalgoorlie.

"ACCREDITINGIS UNDEMOaRAT,m."

(Continued from Page 9.) cation, be defrayed from public funds.

(e) That aSecretary(not necessar. ily full-time) be appointed and paid frompublicfundsin.ordertoattendto allSecretarialworkconnectedwiththe proposed meetings and conferences. Such an appointment would do much towards the efficient working of the proposed scheme. It would not be fairto'taxunnecessarily thegenerosity and energy of those who are willing to co-operate in acommon effort to improve oursystemofSecondary Education.

Q) That it be compulsory on all schools sending pupils for the public examinations,likethejuniorandLeaving Certificate tests, to supply the ex. aminers-in the various subjects with theresultsofthreeperiodicschool tests at intervals ofsix months previous to' the final examinations for the junior and Leavingexaminations.

In conclusion, Ishould like to add thattheburdenofmymessageistoretain thepresentswstemofcompetitive. examinations •

with certain modifications,-someofwhichIhavealreadyalluded to, for the following reasons:

I.) Because thesystem canbe made asfreeandcomprehensiveastheteachers and University authorities wish to make it.

(iI.) It is democratic, fair and impartial 4o

the students and their par. ents.

(III,) It inspires the public with confidence because it insures a reeog• nired standard,of our own making, throughout theState,insteadofamultitude of standardsdependent on the opinion of the staffofeach individual school.

(IV.) Jt givesprofessional and puhlicbodiesaguaranteethatthestudents have reached adefinitestandardofin. tellectual measurement,

(V.) It is the fairest and most unbiassed meansatourdisposalofselecting candidates for public positrons.

(VI.) It removes all possibility of favouritism.

WILLitinsures thatall students in the sameStateare<ubjectedtoamentalmeasurementofthe samestandard. r,

LAT•t MICHAEL O'DEA, JOSEPH O'DEA, founder Principsl.

Dear Cornerites,-1945 has so far been agood year for theCorner, but, seeing only afortnight of ithaspassed, perhaps it is alittle early to say yet. However, Iam hoping that we will be able to make this year every bit as successful aslast, and your old Auntisnurturingafainthopethatwe will doeven better.. Perhaps it is a lottoexpect,but,Cornerites,Iamtakingadeep breath,and raising the Objectiveto£250. Can Idepend onyou tohelpme? Idohopeso

can wait and send it when" have filled this card. Knowing like 1 do, Iam sure you won't have any trouble filling the card. AUNT BESSY. * * *

Mary-street, Waterman'sBay.

AUNTBESSY.

6St. Vincent's Avenue, Wembley.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—This is my first lettertoyou. Iam13yearsoldandI . go to St. Joseph's Brigidine Convent. -1 am in seventh standard. If you willpleasesendmeaprickcard Iwill gladly fill it for the Bushies. My mother wrote to you for many years under the name of a Well-Wisher. Would von please find me a pen. friend? Iam interested in swimming, tennis, music, reading and most generalsubjects. Iamhelping fatherdo thealtarforMassintheeveningsafter Rosary. Iam only doing i4

during the Christmas holidays, because the :Nunsdo itwhen schoolison, Iwill close now—Yourwould-beniece,

THELMACASSERLY.

Dear Thelma,—You are my second new niece this week, and I'm

very pleased to add yourname to mylong list. Seeing your motherhas written -to me for such along time, you are reallyoneof"thefamily." Iwillpost youaprick cardandwishyouluck in fillingit. AUNTBESSY. *

New Norcia.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I hope you and the Bushies are well. Will you send meaprickcard,please? Inventover toAuntyMarie'splaceforsomeof my Jtolidays, and Igot four sixpences in theChristmaspudding. Wehadalot of letters fromGerard this week. He hopestobe homebyMay. Peterhas had his first leave in Melbourne from Flinders. He had agood time. We had ahappy Christmas. Iwill close now. With love from one of your nieces.

LAURELLANIGAN.

Dear Laurel,—Itisverynicetohear -from you again, and I'm pleased to knowyou'rehavinganiceholiday. It isnice tohearfromGerardand Peter.

Perhaps they willbe home'for Christmasnextyear. Ireceived yourprick card,Laurel,butyoumusthaveforgottentosendthepostalnotethistime,as Idid not get it with your letter. I will send you another prick card, and ifyou have found thepostal note you

Lemonade Bottle

ACKNOWLEDGED wLrr THANKS L s.d

A,WellWisher

........ - 10 0

JustSomeone.......... 15 6 R.M. .............. 15 0

ParishionerofQueen's Park 15 0 M.B. • • .. ....

Stamps: P.Nolan and M.C.

GOOD NEWS—Latest Enamel 00 andWoodStoves,newandsecond-hand. W.A.StoveCo,WellingtonAt. B(i!0'f

STURMER AND SON, (LateHallions), BAKERS, 90 JOHN STREET, NORTi FREMANTLE. (Tel.2739.)

Prise Winners Royal Show. DeliveriesThroughoutFremantle-

RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.).

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTIMA21.

12 ATWELL ARCADE, FREXANTLE L1582

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I hope you and theBushiesarewell. Willyouplease send me aprick card, and Iwill try and fill it as soon as Ican. This is myfirstletterto you,andIhope you had amerry Christmas and ahappy new year.—Your would-be niece, MAUREEN DE MAMIEL.

DearMaureen,—Welcometo theCorner. Iamalwaysvery pleasedwhen Igetaletterfromanewnieceornep. hew, especially one whowantstohelp by fillingaprick card. Thank You, Maureen,IhadalovelyChristmasand nenvyear,andIhopeyouhadthesame. AUNTBESSY.

Subiaco.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find P.N. for 15s., in thanksgiving to OurBlessedLadyforfavoursreceived. Wishing yourCornerevery success.— Yourssincerely, R.M.

Dear R. M.,—Thanks ever so much for the 15s. Iam sure Our Blessed Lady will keep her eye onyou in the future. AUNT BESSY

Dear Aunt Ilessy,—Please find en. closed 10s., in honour of the Sacred Heart, Our Blessed Lady, andSt.Joseph.

A PARISHIONER OF QUEEN'S PARK.

Dear Parishioner,—This is an early appearance for 1945, and I'm so glad toseeyouonthejobagain. W, the years be afruitful one foryou. AUNT BESSY.

98Angove-street,NorthPerth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I hope you and the Bushies are well.•Iwasvery ex. citedtoseemynamein"TheRecord." Iforgot to wish you ahappy Christ. mas,soIwish youallthebestforthe coming year. Wouldyoupleasesend me aprickcard and Iwill fill it as soon as Ican. •Ididn'tgo away for theholidays,butmummytakesme to the pictures. Ialsospendsomedays at the beach—Your lovingniece, PAULAMcADAM.

Dear Paula,—flow nice to receive a letterfromyousosoonagain. Iwish all my nieces and nephews were as regularas that, butI'mafraid,ifthey were,thatitwouldtakemorethanone AuntBessy-to handle their letters. You seem to be having alovely holiday going to the beach and the Pic. tures, Paula. Iam posting you a prickcard,whichIhopeyou'llhaveno difficulty in filling. AUNT BESSY.

Smyth-road,ShentonPark.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please finds 5s, offering for the Bushies, in thanksgiving to St. Atrthony for fay. our received. Wishing youand the Bushiesallthebestforthenewyear.— Yours sincerely, M. B. Dear M. B.,—Many thanksfor your donation. Yours is areally commendable wayof conveying new year wishes, AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,—Theenclosednote is in thanksgiving for favours received through the intercession ofSt. Anthony. Would you please use it in any way that you think fit? Best wishes for 19.15.

AWELLWISHER.

Dear Well Wisher,—Iamsopleased St. Anthony hasbeensogood toyou, and that you, in turn, have been so good to theBushies. I

will putyour donation towards the upkeep of the Bushies' Holiday School. Thank you somuch.

AUNTBESSY.

PEN FRIENDS.

Thelma Casserly(13),of6St. Vincent'sAvenue, Wembley, would like it pen friend. Thelma is interested in swimming, tennis, reading, music, and most general subjects.

CENTRAL CATHOLIC LIBRARY

By"LAURI." "TherealJoyofabookliesinreading it overandoveragain." —Lord Lansdowne.

BIOGRAPHIES and TRAVEL top the list ofbooks which can always be read twice. At all events;they seem tobeforeverindemand. Mostofthe current worksarecolouredwithevents of which weknow too much. Bence the ever increasing popularity of the bookswhich willtake the readerback to the days when there was-romance and adventure..This factjustifies a passing reference to one or two fay. ourites which have just come to hand after along absence:

"THE LETTERS !OF NAPOLEON TO MARIE LOUISE," which is"a vital and exciting contribution to history."

"PUNDITSANDELEPHANTS;'an absorbingbook,byLordLytton. His experiencesasGovernorofBengaldun ing 1922.1927.

"CRUSOES AND CASTAWAYS," by Stanley Rogers, Thrills and ad• ventures in the year 1710. . Shipwrecks, exiles, castaways and desert shores. The devil-may-care Frank Clune'always givesusentertainment,and here is THE ISLES OF SPICE," which readershaveaskedforseveraltimes

... also his_booklet,"DIG." And we have"TRYANYTHINGONCE."

"THEGOLDEN ROSE"isabeauti. ful story.told by Pamela Hinkson.

"SCHUBERT," ashortbiographyof themanwhohasgivenussomeofthe mostbeautifulsongseverwritten. By Ralph Bates(4/3),

"RUM REBELLION," astudy of the overthrow of Governor Bligh. By the Rt.Hon.H.V. Evatt(8/6).

-36 PIER STREET, PERTH

"The AUT013IOGRAPHY OF KINGSLEY FAIRBRIDGE"—the life story of agreat man (6/9) •

"MY YESTERDAYS," Lord FrederickHamilton. Oneofthemostpopular autobiographies ever written— in shop and Library(4/6).

"DEW -ON THE GRASS," by Eiluned Lewis. An exquisite little book that isaclassic

... ithascome back after ten yearsofsuccess.

"ISCHRISTIANITYTRUE?" being the disputation between two brilliant writers onmatters of eternal consequence: ARNOLD LUNN andC. E. M. JOAD.

THE YOUNG LINCOLN," by EstherMeynell. AllPerthisbuyingthis interesting story of-agreat man.

"THE FOLLOWING OF THE STAR,"which isaworthysuccessorof "The Rosary," by the same author— FlorenceBarclay.

All available for Library subscribers —andafewfortheBookShop.

We have quite agood.selection of light novels—too many to be included inourweeklypars. Weknowalotof readers like these now and again for relaxation. Callorwritefor anyyou may require.

"CULLEN BEN BONG": Afew of thesecame-tohandthisweek. Those desiringBernardG'Reilly

s"little"winner"shouldapplyatonce. Price4/9.

STARTINGTHENEWTZM

It mightbe your good fortune to starttheNewYearwithawindfallof 12,000. Buy aticket today in the No.239b CharitiesConsultation. There is£5,000prizemoney,including afirst prize of£2,000.

easy to make

up and the results will thrillyou.

Featisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited

scope for your ingenuity. It

is onsale iri Foy's HomecraftSectioninmany lovelycolours. Hereisagrand opportunity for

Acountryschoolwas visitedbyone of the Governors,aman with apompousair. Ileputsomequestions,and one of them was,"What is the Sixth Commandment?"

When no one answered, he tried again. "Come, what Commandrent didCainbreakwhenhe killed Abel? Whocantellme?"

Onescholarbeckonedto the teacher andwhisperedsomethingtoher. The visitor demanded to know what the child had said, and the teacher told him.

"The child said that there were no Commandments when Cain killed Abel." r r r

She wanted to impress the Hollywood magnate with whom she sat at dinner, and remarked, gushingly: "I love Keats."

"Dot's fine," he replied. "I'm alwaysglad to meet ayoung lady vot lofs children."

With bowed shoulders, Smith entered hishouse. Hisdragging feetshuffled their way through the hall and into the kitchen where his wife was preparing theeveningmeal.

The smile faded from Mrs. Smith's face as she noted the woebegone appearance of her husband.

"Thomas1" shecried.

you to save money by malting your own Christma+giftsthis year.

An absent-minded mart went into a store tobuy

SlumpingAnte"achair, Smith stared straight ahead.

ajar. He saw onethat wasturnedupsidedown, andcried:

"How absurd! The jar has no mouth."

Turning it over, he was once more astonished.

"Why, the bottom's gone, too!" he exclaimed.

Tommy: "Mother,to-dayteacherasked aboutour families and whetherwe hadbrothersandsisters.

Mother:"Thatisniceofhimtotake all that interest in you. What did yousay?"

Tommy: "Isaid that Iwasanonly child."

Mother:"What did teachersay?"

Tommy: "He sighed and said, "Thankheavens."

-An American tourist had an invita. lion to shoot over alarge estate in England. On the eveningbefore the shoot hewenttosee thegamekeeper.

"Say, I'm one of the crack shots in the S ,"hesaid."To-morrowyou'll be loo mg for me, and foreverybird ImissI'll give youhalf adollar."

Aftertheshootthegamekeeperwent tothelocalpubandrecountedtheAmerican'sboasttoafriend.

"And how did you get on?" asked theother.

"Finel" retorted the gamekeeper. "IfI'dhadanotherblankcartridgeI'd have madealevel,fiver!"

Acommercial traveller hadearneda reputation fordevotion tohis wife by takingheraboutwithhimwhereverhe travelled,notwithstandingthefactthat her features were very homely.

One eveninghewaswith twoof his friends, both of whom had married prettygirls.

"How isit," saidone ofthem ;

"that we, who have married pretty girls,alwaysleavethemathome,whileyouinsist upon taking your wife wherever you go?"

The hero ofthe tale replied with a sigh:"Boys, to tell you the truth, I justcan'tpluckupcouragetokissher good-bye."r r

Aclubofeccentric young men had for one of their rulesthatonTuesday evenings any man who asked in the clubroomaquestion whichhewasunable to answer himself should pay a fine of tenshillings.OneeveningTom. kinson asked:"Why doesn'taground squirrel leave any dirt round the top ofhis holewhenhedigsit?"

Aftersomedeliberationhewascalled upon to answer his own question.

"That's easy," he said. "Thesquir. relstartsatthebottomanddigsup."

"All very nice," suggested amem. ber,"but how does it get to the bottom?"

"That'syourquestion." saidTomkinson. r ♦

Thereis-acertainScottishgolfcourse where Sunday play is allowed, and whereoneSundaymorninganEnglish player hired acaddie and stood waitingwithhimforhisopponenttoarrive.

Thelovelymorningcaused thegolfer to whistle cheerfully, but no sooner had he started than the caddie threw down theclubsand walked off. The golfer called tohim:"Hi, Macpherson, what'sthematter?"

"What's the matter?" repeated Macpherson,-"D'you expectme tocarry for aman who whistles on the Sabbath?"

"Tellme,darling,"pleaded his wife.

She cameover toThomasand lifted his chininherhand. Smith moistened his lips with his tongue. -

"The worst," he said dismally,"has happened."

"No," criedMrs.Smith,aghast.

"Yes," said Thomas. "This afternoon the chiefcalled me in and gave me the business."

Dennis was taken to his first harvest'festival. Among the offeringsof fruit and flowers, the bunches of purplegrapesonthepulpittookhisfancy-

When theoffertorybox came round heput in sixpenceand said,confidently,"Grapes, please."

The visitor was walking through a village when he came upon acrowd watching two menfighting.

"What's the fightabout?" he asked.

Oneoftheonlookers,whowasurging on the twomen,answeredhim,justas the combatants broke apart for a breather.

"On

my right," he announced," is Jim Jones, who married Widow Stubbs, and on myleft is Bill Hinks, who introduced them." r r

F

The colonel was invited to afarm for lunch. He astonished the farmer by eating twosmall roast fowls.Later he noticedacockstrutting about and remarked: "By gosh, that's aproud bird."

So he should be," answered the farmer,"hehastwosonsin theArmy."

The liner had called at a remote South Sea island, and native: paddled out in canoes to meet the visitors.. At the head of the reception, committee camethe king,ahuge menwith a battered topperonhishead. Ilewas accompanied by his staff, all of his wivesandchildren,andthePrimeMinister, aCockneywhohadbeen stranded there yearsbefore.

The king and his party were

wrlcomer] aboard theship. The subjects remained alongside, beggingpassengers to throwpenniesdowntothem.Whenever acoin struck the water half-adozen islandersat once dived for it.

When one of the visitors began to throw small silver coins, the excitement became intense,and in the hope of moving them to an even more spirited exhibitionof their powers the manfishedinhispocketuntilhefound afive-shilling piece, He was in the act of throwing it over when the Prime Ministercaughthis arm.

"Please," he begged."don't do that. You'll be'aving'Is Royal flightless overboardnextl" r r •

The soprano,seeking an engage.nent with E.N.A.S.,wasfindingthe bo-,

king ag_ntatrifledubious.

"llrnv mangy- years in grand opera (lid you say?" he queried.

"Forty" "\Iy,my,youmusthaveknownMad- . ame Butterflyasamerecaterpillar. -

The veryyoungofficer was havinga hair-cut. Attheendofthatoperation the barber inquired:"Anything else, sir?"

"Well," said the officer."I'd like my moustache trimmed. I'm afraid it'snot muchofamoustache sofar,is it?"

"No, sir," agreed the'barber, with unexpected candour;"as amatter of" fact, sir,I'vegotanaunt in Margate with abetterone."

INDIAN MOSAIC

WhereFifteenRacesIntermingle

India presents abewildering mosaic of 350,000,000 peoples. Fifteen races, 16 languages and 243 dialects intermingle in this one peninsula. These have erected difficult barriers for the Catholic missioner to-surmount.

Still more baffling have been the religiousbarriers. Some220,000,000of theIndian peoplearecaste-bound Hindus, divided into aperplexing variety of sects, devoted to such diversified aims as sternest asceticism, hypnotic meditation and forms of animalism, worshipping avariety of objects from forces of nature to sacred men and animals. In addition, thereare70,000,000Moslems, worshippersof Allah and uncompromising followers of the militant teachings of Mohammed. Both Hindu and Moslem areantagonistic to attempts at conversion.

MostCatholicPast.

India has known one brief, golden 'ageofFaith. Thatwas400yearsago, when St. Francis Xavierbrought multitudes to the foot of the Cross.

To-day, two States in the South of India, Travancore and Cochin, out of apopulation df five millions, number one million Catholic descendants of those converted bySt. Francis Xavier and his zealouscompanions. Mostof the 4,000,000 Indian Catholics are to be found in the southern section of theIndian peninsula.

The most Catholic part of all is the little Portuguese province of Goa , on the south-west coast, where each year the miraculously preserved body ofthegreatsaintisexposedin theCathedral for the holy pilgrimage. The percentage ofCatholics is far less in the central and northern parts. In Bengal, howgver, the very heart of Hinduism, where the sacred Ganges flows to the Bay of Bengal, Catholics now number half amillion souls.

Where Christ is Excluded.

Directly north of India are the world's only g

eographicdivisions from which the message of Christ is still .e rigidly excluded. These are the four countries of the Himalaya mountains —Nepai, Sikkim, Bhutan and the fabled land of Tibet, with the mightiest mountains in the world, 2,000,000 superstititious Buddhists, fortress monasteries, and two Buddhist rulers, the Dalai Lama,"the lamaasgreatas the

ocean"and Pantshen Lama,"the gloriousteacher."

The great mountain passes which form the gateways to these countries are rigidly barred, notonly,

topriests, but to any and all"foreign devils" of westerners.

But even at those closed gates the Catholic foreign missionary knocks steadily and awaits the day of-,

entrance. In the principal mountain passes, through which surge the caravansinandoutoftheforbiddenlands, are Catholic missions. They/ form aline of sentinel stations where contacts are made, prejudices overcome, friendships built up with the caravan travellers. Somehow, someday, in God'sown time, theway willbe opened to bring the blessings of Faith to this, the earth's last closed division.

Faith's Sturdy Foundation.

To the south of this forbidding northern border, hundredsOf missions are maintained by Catholic foreign missionery. In addition, the Faith in India has the sturdy foundation of a strong, zealous firmly established native clergy—some 3,000 Indian priests. assisted by approximately7,51 Sisters andlay Brothers. Catholic colleges and universities, 11 major seminaries, and:1,600 elementary and secondary schoolsare an integralpartof themissionaryeffort. Soalsoaretheremore than 300 hospitals, dispensaries, leper awhims and Wines for the aged and orphaned.

'romaintain.themissions,tocarryon therwurk, theCatholicmissioner in In. dia must loot: to outside lands for help.

Indisis desperatelypoor, Uncounted millions live in constapt danger not only of hunger,buteven of death from famine.

There are toomanypeopletrying to eke alivingout offieldssosmall that ant• crop faAlure spells calamity.

Without the contrihutionS.of generous and zealous Catholics in other lands, the Church herewouldhegreatIv handicapped.

Anew India is in the making, and out of the ferment may arise conditionsfarmore favourabletothose who seek to carry out the mandate of Christ,"Go teach all'nations"—"The Missinn inWarandinPeace."

SFORZAOVERPLAYEDHISHAND

Sforza, the darting of Italy's pseudo "democrats," is not getting any buuquets from Britain, and the reasons have been obviousever since last year when thisexpatriate Italian, carried away by the adulation of United States a

nti-Europeans,setsailforItaly withplansinhisbag—planswhoseexecution would have resulted in Sforza's ruling Italy as another\lussolini, but with apolitical shirt of another hue, In Italy, Count Sforza has for the timebeingplainlyoverplayedhishand by asking too highaprice for hiscollaboration, and insisting on the abdication of the King. He should have taken advantage of the military,

setting,ofthegreatemergency whichwill endureuntil theGermanscanbecleared out of Italy—atask which is ad• vancing with very painful slowness; `andhe shouldhavesaid that allother questions were immaterial until the liberationiscomplete. Ilewouldthen have become one of the leading official personages, and his name would havecometomeanmoreinItaly. On hisrecord he isbutone of anumber of ephemeral figureswhoflitted across the stage in thelastyearsof the Par• liament amid themanipulationofGiolitti. Even Italians most hostile to Mussolini's regmie have little admiration for theGiolitti days.

It is also dawning on anumber of English publiciststhatmen likeCount

ISforza will beginbygetting rid of op• punents and rivals inside ltaly, but that, ii they succeed, their next task will inevitably be to attract support as national leaders,which will in tact 'mean using their position, as persons ideologically acceptable to the conquering Allies, in order toget the armistice and peacetermsmadeas litu,. unfavourableaspossible. Everyw•herty and ahvays the politician is popular with hisownpeopleifhestands itp to foreign Powers, especially if those Powers have special and onerous claims to press.

All political activityin Italy at this juncture must do more harm than good to the Allied cause, because the Italians could not begin political discussions unless they knew the armis. tice terms: and if they know them they would.want to start revising them, and would find the raw material of their political grouping in the different attitudes they can adopt to the Allies.

The mainactivityforItalyis in the military field, and even if the change instatus from enemy to co-belligerent has been accomplished smoothly enough, Italy hasfirstto fulfil obligations that require an urgent concentration upon mattersnon-political. Italian foreign policyhasno right to existence at the present, forItaly is not an Ally.

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Elie Record

TheLynnScholarship

Two Scholarships For 1945

ApplicationsCloseJanuary22,1946.

The Trustees of the Lynn Scholarship announce thatit is now-possible to give two Scholarships for 1945, in addition, theperiodofScholarship differstothatwhichpreviouslyruled.The Scholarships will now be tenable for two years at aregistered Secondary School.

Applications for Scholarships will close on Monday, January 22, 1945, and should be sent to the Secretary, Mr. P. R. Jackson, Catholic Church Offices,Victoria Square. Applicants should observe the following conditions:-

1, Candidates must pass the Junior Examination.

2. The application must be accomponied by the report of the Head of the School, and must state:

(a) Subjects presented; subjects passed injunior.

(b) Resume of applicant's record in school, conductand sport.

(c) The'followingdetailsregarding family and family income:

1. Father's occupation and salary, ormother'sincome,iffatheris dead.

2.Numberofchildreninfamily.

(3) Numberof children earning, andamountofwageearnedby each child.

4. Nrimberof children at school.

(Failure to supply this.information will disqualify the candidate.)

3. Applications should be accompani-

League of Catholic Youth, Subiaco

Annual HolyCommunion.

Members are reminded that the annual Holy Communion will take place on Sunday, January 23. After Mass arrangementsare being made to serve breakfast to members at St. Joseph's Fall, Subiaco. Make anote of the date, boys, as we are looking forward to a100 percent, attendance.

Cricket.

With t::ree wins in succession, the cricket team have struck form with a vengeance. The ruin at the expense df the Fremantle Boys was full of merit and produced probably the best battingseensofarthis season. Scores: L.C.Y., 6for 141(declared); Fremantle, 110. The skipper of the L.C.Y. team, Brian Keay, again starred with top score of 69, and in addition took 3wicketsfor35runs. DesCooperalso played well toscore 34,and secured3 wickets for38runs. Playing hisfirst game, Ray Ferguson was going nicely with 12not out when the inningswas declared, Athletics.

Judging by the excellent results at. tained in last Saturday's sports meeting, it seems that the L.C.Y. will be the champion club this year. There was agood attendance, and the final points, 196, were the highest yet obtained, and showed the superiority of the L.C.Y.

Five more meetings and we will.be into the final championships, so back up now,lads,so our club will be well to the fore in the final round.

SomeoftheracesonSaturday prov. ed most.exciting,and it.was notable that there was improvement in the runners. BillHodgeran agreat 440, just being beaten by Fox. J. Parker (under 14), J. Berkery and W. Wall. worth(under 16) proved invaluablein gainingpoints,andintheireventsthey showed ahighstandardof proficiency. R. Birch and R.'Jefieries, though holi-

ed by acertificate of birth. Candidatemustnothavecompletedhissixteenthyear on thedayhe sitsfor the Junior Examination.

4. Astamped, addressed envelope must accompany the application, for thereturn ofthecertificateof birth. TheLynn Scholarship isopentoCatholic boys attending any Catholic schoolintheArchdioceseofPerth.The Scholarship, which may be taken out at any recognised Secondary School, provides for the payment of£25 per annum for two years, ifthe successful candidateelects tobe aday pupil. If he wishes to`board, then the amount of£50per annum will be paid. The Trustees wigh to remind those intending to apply that they should obtain the Headmaster's letter, asitisessen. tial that the application be accompanied by this letter. Candidates have experienceddifficulty inthe past in obtaining such letters owing to the ahsenceoftheHeadmasteronholidays. Immediateapplication to Headmasters should themfcre be made. The Lynn Scholarship earshot be held by-aboy who holds any ot>er scholarship, exhibition orbursary.

TheTrustees will mr±t on Tuesday, January23, 1945, and their decision shall be final. These Trustees are: Very Rev. J. T. McMahon, D.Ph„ M.A.(Chairman); Very Rev.A. Kelly, S.J.;Rev.J.Murphy,B.A.,L.Ph.;Rev. Brother W. V Green, and Mr. P. R. Jackson,J.P.(Secretary).

daying at one of the beaches, have been faithful in their attendance, and did well in their events, R. Green ran excellently in the second division of the 440, and made adelightful run in-theRelayRace(under9),whichwe won. Another spectacular race was the660yards,won byB.Williams. J. Sutherland and 13. Moxhamgot us 10 pointsintheMile. Jackranwell,but wehopetoseebettertimeestablished.

Againweofferourcongratulationsto thoseboyswhowerepresentonSaturday. Oursuccess,innosmall way,is due to thefinespirit ofsportsmanship shownbythelads. Wehopetoseea continued good attendance and support from the parents and friends.

Results:

100Yards-Under19: W. Hodge, 2; R. Green, 1(2nd. division). Under 16: J.Berkery, 1; W. Wallwork, 2. Under 15: B. Williams, 5; D. Reid, 4. Under 14: J. Parker, 2; B. Warner, 1 (2nd. division).

High Jump-Under 15: B. Williams, 1;D.Reid,1(2nd.division`).Under14: J, Parker, 1: B.Warner,2(2nd. division). Under 16: W. Wallwork, I; C. Johnson,2.

Broad Jump-Under 14: B. Worrier, 2; R. Peirce, 1(2nd. division). Under 16: J.Berkery,2; C.Johnson, 1 (2nd. division). Under 15: J. Davidson, 2; D. Reid,3. Under 19: R.Jeffries,2.

Shot Putt-Under 19: R. Birch, 22; J.Anders, 5. Under 15: J. Davidson, 4: R.McGhee, 1(2nd,division).Under 16:J.Berkery,2; W.Wallwork,1(2nd, division).

440Yards-Under 16: W. Wallwork, 2; P. Allan, 2(2nd. division). Under 19: B. Hodge, 2; R. Green, 4. One Mile-Under 19: J. Sutherland, 1; B.Moxham,2. Three-quarter Mile-Under 16: W. Wallwork, 1: C. Johnson, 1(2nd. divi. sion).

6611Yards-Under15:B.Williams,1; P. Hickey, 2. Relay-Under 15: L.C.Y., 2. Under 14: L.C.Y., 1. Time, 39.3(record). Under 19: L.C.Y., 1. Time, 34.9(record), Under 16: L.C.Y., 1.