The Record Newspaper 03 January 1945

about the

Doubts W* hether Abuse of Alcohol Can be Checked Under Present System.­-

Intoxication as aCause of Crime

Harmful Effects on Home Life

But can the abusesbe checked?

iiy P.INIcKENNA,in"The HolyName Monthly." I •

,

%Icoholis not an evil in itself; it is onlytheabusethatisova,"

Ifever the liquor trade owed adebt toaman for furthering its interests i t is to the person who coined that phrase.

Almost invariably, when the trade is discussed, this choice specimen of free propagandais brought out to actas a stopperto further criticism. Aman' s rightto indulge in moderate use ofalcohol is his democratic privilege, to be enjoyed as long as he does not abuse it. To contradict this is to brandoneself undemocratic and an intolerant meddler with another man's freedom.

Gulled by this argument,critics remain silent.

Butis thisreasoning logical? Does it justify the present set-up? Apologists for the trade imply that there is very little wrong with things as they are at present. Someimes they gryw magnanimous and concede that there is alittle room for improvement, but this generosity only serves.to point to their "fairmindedness'and "tolerance" and leaves the trade none the worse for the admission.

"Abuse—tbe only evil" is one of the slickest confidence tricks ever used to pullthe wool over the eyes ofthepublic.

I bring this subject to public notice because awriter in a recent periodical claimed that alcohol was notbadin itself, that it should be toleratedforits good uses whichwewere told were health and to"rejoice the heart of man." It.would have been interesting to have heard the views ofsomeofthe wives of themen whose hearts needed rejoicing!

That there is some truth in the assertion that alcohol is not bad in itselfIam quite prepared to agree; but it is not the whole truth. Like so many other samples of propaganda, it does notgo far enough.

If the abuses could be checked and alcohol used moderately by all drinkers, there would be few critics.

There is sufficient evidence, I beieve, to show that they cannot. We have had enough experience to see that for aman to enjoy his "democratic privilege" of drinking in moderation, we must apparently also endure those who are not willing to exercisemoderation.

It is uptothedrinkers and thepurveyors to render themselves less objectionable toothers. If they canimprovematters, theyareto be censured for not doing so; if they cannot, then it follows that moderate drinking cannot be separate from immoderate drinking,and it is wrong to say that only the abuse is wrong. If the bad part cannot be removed from the whole, then the whole is bad.

Often, after listening to fellows complaining of the scarcity of beer. I have seen as many as adozen drunks on Flinders Street Railway Station.Of course,it is against railways by-laws for adrunk totravelon attain,butit would be interestingtoknow justhow drunk aman has to be before action is taken.

Have any of you defenders of"democratic rights" ever sat opposite a gluttonous sot in acrowded railway carriage?

Ifaman were to put his feeton the seat and lightlybrush his shoes again. st anotherpassenger's clothes, itwould meet with avery strong protest: but if he has gorged himself with alcohol so much that he cannot hold it, and nauseatingly regurgitates with complete indifference to the feelings or clothes ofhis fellow travellers, itis accepted with good-natured "tolerance."

Itisastonishingwhatmen will some. times tolerate in order to obtain a drink. Apartyofyoungmenaskeda publican for bottled beer, and he told themhe had none. They had ameal at thehotesl andlateron, afterclosing time, he let them have adnvnhot tles—at agrossly inflaters, ,

.­hnurs price. They submitted to the extortion and were grateful to the profiteer.

Ask any man whose duty takes him into police courts what is the greatest cause of crime? Whether he is a "wowser" or not, his answer, If he is honest, will be the same: that alcohol

is directly responsible for probabb, more than half the cases that come before the courts. A former magistrate recently stated that in his long experience drink was to blame for 75 per cent. of the cases brought before him. Frequently defendants have the impertinence to plead drunkenness as an excuse for their offences!

In one of our largest hospitals casualtiesfrom drunkenbrawlsare so numerous that aspecial book is provided d of them. All the to keep arecor poppycock that is talked about the impracticability of prohibition will not make lily-white the drink traffic as it now exists in Australia. One of the, most puzzling features of this questionis the remarkabletolerance shown by Catholics to intoxicating liquor. The attitude oftheaverageCatholic is, Ithink, an extraordinary one.

Many Catholic womenhave seen the ruinous effect liquor has had upon their husbands and sons, and perhaps in these "modern'times upon their daughters, but for some inexplicable reason they will do nothing to suppress or even control it. Possibly they are influenced by the intolerance shown in other directions by some of the

reformers;but is this arational line tofollow? If we were threaten• ed by adreadful plague they would not hesitate to join the most.intoler-

ant inany remedial action they might suggest.

Were Catholic authorities intolerant when theyinduced schoolboysto take the pledge to abstain fromliquor until they were 25? Should not they have asked the boys.to pledge themselves* to refrain from immoderate drinking?

IbelieveArchbishop Mannix wasresponsible for the boys taking this pledge, and if this is so, he is, in my opinion, deserving of our greatest gratitude. It is unfortunate that there are Catholics who are not so ready to follow his lead.

In thisregard, the standof ourlocal pastor is highly commendable. Fplly consciousofhisresponsibilitiestowards the young people in his care, he has threatened to close the church dance if heshould detect any sign of liquor at thehall or in the vicinty. Should the question arise, the guidance and_ welfare of his flock is more important to him than the material needs of his church.

Ido not suggest that Catholics shouldbecome as narrow-minded as I am, but Iwould like to see them less ready to adopt the role of apologists for strong drink and those who exploitit. Anyway,itwould rejoice the heartof atleast one man ifthey were. torefrainfrom foolingthegulliblewith thishoary half-truth thatit isonlythe abuse that is evil.

The Catholic Answer .

ls the

Continua

tion APOLOGETICS •THE CHURCH IN THE MODERN WORLD •THEOLOGY

'

of Our Lord's Sacrifice on Mount Calvary... How"MassoftheCatechumensFollowstheJewishSynagogueService

Is the Second Coming of Christ of Much Importance?

What the Church Teaches About the Blessed Trinity

Ispent afew minutes last Sunday and the Sunday l.efore explani.,g the meaning of some of the mor_evident features of the interior of aCatholic Church. Ialso remarked that the church was there because of the alts+' and that the altar was the centraland essentialpiece of-furniture forthe cele. bration of Holy Mass. Alass is the continuation of the Sacrifice of Our Lord on Afount Calvary, and at every Alass we Catholics believe that Christ becomes really present on the altar under the appearadces of bread and wine. We believe that this coming is atrue, real, substantial and personal coming;as real,true, substan• tial and personal as was Christ's appearance in the stable of Bethlehem on that first Christmas morning. Being present at the celebration of a Mass is, to aconvinced Catholic, as if he were among the number of the shepherds who were privileged to see the infant Saviour in the arms of His Mother'and,we hold most firmly, the shepherds were no more privileged thanare we whocanbe presentat this miracle of divine condescension every day, if we care to use the opportunities which are presented to us.

The Mass is divided into two parts, the first is called the Alass of the Catechumens,and has the objectof instructing the people;the second, call• Ied the Afass of the Faithful,comprises 'all the component parts of the Sacrifice itself. From these two parts is derived the name of "Mass." Mass !comes from the Latin "Misca.""Ilissa" is alate Latin form of "dimissio" or "missio," meaning dismissal. At the end of the first part of the service the catechumens,those who had not yet been baptised, were dismissed. The fully-initiated remained for the Sacri. fice and their dismissal came at the

end,.when the deacon cried out: "Ite missa est"—"go, it is the time of the dismissal." $o, on account•of these two dismissals,the Sacrifice of the Lord'sSupper,as the early Christians called it, became known as the Sacrificium Alissarum:the Sacrifice of the Dismissals:the Sacrifice of the Mass. es, or, in more modern times, just Mass.

Let us deal for afew moments this evening with the first part,the Mass of the Catechumens.

This first partof the Mass is alineal descendant oftheJewish service inthe Synagogue,and follows essentially the same form. Itis, incidentally, avery practical form of religious instruction. The Apostles were very well acquainted nvith the services of the Synagogue, and Our Lord Himself fre• quently took part in them and used the occasions for instructing the Jews in His doctrine,particularly by ex. plaining to them the many passages in the Old Testament referring to the future Saviour,and showing how the references and prophecies were being fulfilled in Himself. The first part of the Mass, then,following the model of the Synagogue,consists of readings from the Holy Scriptures and commentaries of explanation on the passages read. Interspersed between these readings or lessons are prayers and hymns,the hymnsfrequently consisting of one

of the hymns of David, which we call the Psalms, to relieve the monotony which might have otherwise bored the listeners. To take a practical example:the first Mass of ChristmasDay, whichwill be begun at midnight to-night, opens with ahymn consisting of the 2nd. Psalm,chosen obviously because it contains the prophetic words of King David: "The Lord hath said to me:Thou art my

Son, this day have Ibegotten Thee." This is really sung while the people are settling themselves into their places, and is followed immediately by the singing of the hymnof the Angels on the first Christmas night: "Glory to God in the highest,and on earth peace to men ofgood w

ill .,

* The con. gregation then recollect themselves in aprayer,which for that reason is called a "collect." Then we have the first lesson,which to-night is taken from the letter of St- Paul to Titus, his disciple. This lesson would no doubt,many years ago, have been followed by asermon of explanation, as were all the lessons, but in recent centuriesonesermon is considered enough and that follows the Gospel. Between the reading of the Letter of St. Paul and the reading of the gospel account ofthe birth of Christ according to the rendering of St.Luke, is placed an* other psalm, the 109th., again chosen for its appropriateness. In it we find thesewords:"In the brightness of the saints before the day star,from the womb Ibegot thee."

After the solemn singing of the Gospel, at which lights are carried and incense is used,comes the sermon, which usually uses the foregoing gospel as its theme,andis in the form of acommentary,an explanation, and an exhortation to the people. The sermon is immediately followed by the public recitation of the Creed, the Nicene Creed,the formulaof faith drawn up by the bishops of the Church against those who denied the Divin• ity of Jesus Christ and of the Holy Ghost. It was formulated at the General Council of Nicea in 325, and completed at the General Council of Constantinople in the year 381. With the Creed concludes the Mass of the Catechumens,and in olden days the people were here dismissed—generally to theporch outside the church, where adeacon would continue their instruction in preparation for their being received into the Church by baptism,

ASeeker of Truth,Shenton Park; J. Stephens,Waroona:

Q.: The first correspondent asks, what hthe Roman Catholic Church's teaching on the Second Corning of Christ?And the second:Why don't you consider the Second Coming of Christ of much importance?

Son of\Ian coming in the clouds of heaven with much power and majesty. And He shall send His angels with a trumpet and agreat voice,and they shall gather together his elect from thefourwinds,from the farthest parts of the heavens to the utmost bounds of them." St. Paul, in I, Thes., 4, v. 15:"For the Lord Himself shall come down !from heaven with command. ment, and ,with the voice of an Arch. angel, and with the trumpet of God, and the dead who are in Christ shay, rise." So, then, the Catholic teaching on this matte r

is that the first coming of Christ was when He was born of aVirgin Mother in the stable of Bethlehem pne thousand nine hun

dre

d and forty odd years ago; His second coming will beat theend of theworld when, iwith great power and majesty, He shall appear for the judgment of all flesh. Thecloudsofgloryand the great trumpet are traditional symbols d4 the power and greatness of God.

J. Stephens then asks:

"IalMark13,V.32,itsaysthattheday and the hour knoweth no man, not eventheangels,neither theSon but the leather only. Why did the Father not confide the secret even to Hie Son?"

This cannot be interpreted that Christ did not know the time of the end of the world;such an interpreta. tion would conflict.with the whole tenor of His teaching. This verse means: Christ did not know it as our teacher, so it was no good the Apostles trying to persuade Him to con. fide to them the day and the hour. This knowledge was for no man; not even for the Son of Alan to reveal to them.

J. Stephens and D,Lewis,IMundi. Jong, ask what the Trinity means.

A.: The Catholic doctrine of the Holy Trinity means that true Chris. tians believe that there is but one God, but that in that one God there are three distinct personalities, which, though wholly distinct as persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, they are all of them completely and entirely the one God. It is impossible to explain this truth,because itis amystery to our weak intelligence, but it -

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arth mourn:and they shall see the

A.: To answer J. Stephens first: We do consider the second coming as important,and as anessential partof the winding up of Christianity in this world. Perhaps we do not mention it very often in this session. The chiefreason for that is that there have been but few questions asked about it. ASeeker of Truth wishes to know what we teach about the matter. In Catholic Theology the Second Coming is invariably linked up with the General Judgment at the endof the world, as is clear from the Nicene Creed, where the two truths are expressed in the one article:"And lie shall come again with glory to judge the living Ind the dead." This linking is very definitely in conformity with the Ilol• Scriptures,for example,in Alatthew• 24, v. 3031:"And then shall appear the sign of the Son of Alanin heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the ,

is quite easy to show that Our Lord taught it and that therefore it must be true. We are rather in the position of children who cannot grasp that something they are told is true, for instance, that the world is round, but they believe it because someone they trust has assured them that it is SO.

J. Shephens goes on to suggest that Christianity borrowed the idea of the Trinity from paganism, and that the adoption of this doctrine in the third century caused asplit in the Church alittle later, and that those who de• nied the Trinity may have been the true followers of Christ.

A.: It is •

true enough that Christian. ity assimilated many pagan social cue. toms, many symbols, and that sev. eral paganholidays were reconsecrated to one or other mystery of Christian worship, but it is not true that the doctrine of the Trinity was borrowed from paganism. There were pagan gods who went in threes,as it were, generally afather, mother and a child, but these were merely natural

ChristhasaSpecialLove&CareforProtestants

... Are We Nearing the End of the World?

Did Our Lord Make Provision For ContinuityofGovernmentintheChurch?

No Catholic Opposition to the Theories of Henry George —

family groupingsnvhichany mancould imagine forhimself. Itwouldbe like saying that since the pagans washed before offering their sacrifices,baptism is of pagan origin.

The doctrine of the Trinity was taught by Christ—"baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost"—it was taken for granted by the Apostles, for instance, St. Paul(2Con,_13, v 13-: "The grace of Our Lord Jesus Christ, and the charity of God, and the communicationof the Holy-Ghostbe with you all"—and it has been acceptedby all orthodox followers of Christ•ever since, TheArian heresy, which arose in the fourth century, anddenied that the Son wasequal toGod the Father, was condemned in the first General Council of the Church in 325, and all speculation, uncertaigty, and ambiguous language ceased with the publication of the Nicene Creed which we, and Ithink many Protestants, use in our services as expressing what we firmly believe concerning the unity and trinity of God.

M. Barry, Fremantle:

We quoted the kind introduction to this letter at the end of our session last Sunday, but our correspondent asks aquestionaboutPurgatory. As regards our reasons for believing in Purgatory, Irefer you to several of our previoussessions. If you are still interested, let us know and we shall send you

acopy of those answers. You ask finally, where is Purgatory?

A.: Idon'tknow. It has not been defined by the Church ,

so everyone is free to hold what reasonable opinion he likes on the matter. Of course, Purgatory would not need to be a place at all, strictly speaking, would it? A place is the surface of that which immediately surrounds abod>: for example, where is that book? It isthird from the left on the topbook shelf. In other words, the place of that book is defined by the book on either side of it, by the shelf beneath it, and by the shelf above it. Now only soulsareinPurgatory,soulshave not parts nor size, and a thousand soul'stake up no more room than one. When looked at this way, where Purgatory may be does not really matter doesit?

The letter of Liberty Lover, Most Perth, is hereby acknowledged. Ilookedclosely toseeif"Liberty" were not rather"Libertine," for it were better for the loverofwhateveritisif ithad been lost in the post.

b%u in the Street, ColinSt., Perth:

The argument of this long letter is that since'Father Lalor said that God does not like Protestants, and that prayers offered by non-Catholics carry no weight with Him, how does heex , plain that the prayers of non-Catholic nations for prosperity and wealth have been so obviously answered, while those of Catholic nations have been so obviously unanswered?

A.: Since the-whole of this letter is based on the mistaken assumption that Father Lalor ever said such things, the wholeletterhasno foundation, and consequently no point. It mayhavebeensaid thatGoddoesnot like Protestantism, and that would be true if what we claim is true, namely, that Catholicism is true and Protestantism is false, would it not? As for Protestants, Iwould say that Christ hasaspeciallove and care for them, and wouldbemostreadytoheartheir prayers. Ile is the Good Shepherd who seeks carefully for the other sheep which are not ofHis fold, so that there may be one fold and one shepherd.

Don'tyou think yourchoice ofwordb was unfortunate, to say the least, when you write:"Seeing the abundant mannerin which HehasblessedAmer. ica, Germany, and England, Iam inclined to think that He not onlylikes Protestants, but that He pays great attention to their prayers:

If Germany and England are atpre• sentexperiencingtheblessingsof God, Hisdispleasure mustindeedbeamost terrible thing. Greed and lust for power may result in the amassing of great wealth, but they also lead to jealousy, resentment, apprehension. and are the rootofallwars.

D.)ling,Gingin:

Sincere, Leederville, asks whether the Pope is interested in the fate of Finland, or whether his interests are concerned only with Italians,

A.: Ithink that asincere examina• tion of the Pope's actions and utterances before, and during, this war would convince anyone that His Holiness has the interests of the whole of mankindverymuch atheart. Would that all other leaders,were as catholic in their concern for others.

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but there were no signs in the sun, the moon or the stars, as had been prophesied by Christ, so they need not fear any immediate end to this world.

Even though conditions of our own times are somewhat similar to those of St. Gregory, there are even more gaps inthe seriesof those signswhich , accordingtothewarningof Christ,pre• cede the consummation of the world. Idon't see how it-matters anyhow. Notoneofusknowswhenheistodie. Ourdeathwillbethe endof the world for us. It might be tomorrow. If we do not keepourselves prepared for that, it is improbable whether even the fear of the imminent end of the world would make us better prepared.

"Perplexed," Midland Junction:

Christ gave the power to His frame, diate followers to.work miracles of healing

mHis name; to forgive sins in His name, andso forth. This, as far as Sknow, is the fact on which your Church bases its claim that the Pope is God's earthly representative, being theChurchwhich was established solong ago in Rome by St. Peter. The latter was admittedly authorised byChrist to be His representative or substitute, but how has that authorisation been banded down through the centuries to the numerous Popes who havebeenat theheadof theChurch?

ahumaninstitution, and this question does not concern him, but for aperson who admits the claims of Jesus Christ, is it possible even to suspect that He should have failed to make provision for the most important thing of all—the continuation of His Church; that Ile should have failed to recognise the most obvious danger of all?—the danger that His institution, assoon asitlacked Hispersonalguidance or that of His immediate followers, would begin to decline from the principles and practice which He in , stilledin it. AChristwho placed St. Peter at the head of His Church, and yetmade no further provision for the future, would not be the Christ of Christianity nor the Christof the Gospels.

Q.: You condemn OommuWAZI. What is your attitude to the teaching of ,'Henry George, regarding the commonownership of land? \

if the Catholic Church is the true Church, why aren't they recognizing God's kingdoms Christemphasized so much about that followed the end of this world, that by all thegiven signswe are attheportalsof such?

Ipresume that our Gingin correspondent means, how can the Catholic be the true Church if shedoes not recognise that, by the signs, the end of the world is near?

A.: It will not be necessary to belongtothe ChurchwhichChristfoundedtobeabletorecognise theapproach of theend of the,world, Our Lord foretoldthateven as animmenseflash of lightning is visible to everyone, so will the approach of the Son of Man be at the end of the world. The Apostles asked when this event would take place, but'the reply was that it was not for them to know, althougfi when the time was approaching they would not be in doubt. There have been many "end of the world" scares in past centuries. Iremember one when Iwas aboy. The founder of the Seventh Day Adventists gave a precise day Ifor the end of the world, which, needlessto say,did noteventuate. There was abeliefto the same effectin thetime of PopeGregory the Great in the sixth century. Ithink fcan answer you more or less as did St. Gregory. Ile said that some of the signs foretold by Christ for the end of the world were indeed present, but notallofthem. There were wars and rumours of war, he said, the societyoftheir timeseemed tobebreak . ing up—it did, too, with the invasions of the barbarians—there were pestilences and famines and upheavals of nature by earthquakes and eruptions•

A.: We do not base our claims of the Pope's prerogatives on the power given by Christ to His followers to work miracles and to forgive sins; those were powers given indiscriminately to all the Apostles. We base our claims on the special promises made explicitly to St. Peterby Christ and admitted by the other Apostles. (Butthisisjustby the way sinceyou admit that Christ placed Peter at the head of theChurch as His representative.) Our Lord constituted the Church with aneye to the future; in fact,especially for the ages to come. He said that He would be with His Church all days even to the end of theworld. He said that theGatesof Hell would not prevail against the Church guided by Peter—not prevail against it during the persecution of Nero,duringwhich Peter perished,not during the.persecutions of Domitian nor Diocletian; notduring thedifficul. tiesofthetwelfthnorthefifteenthnot the

twentieth centuries.

If there was any time during the Church's existence when perhaps she could have done without central authority and abond for the unity of faith,it wasduring the lifetime of the Apostles,avhowereallof themthespecial representatives of Christ. Itwas only when the compelling authority of thousands df eye witnesses no longer existed that something more was needed to maintain that purity and unity of faith which had been taught directly to theApostles. Take anexample. Amillionaire leaves his immense fortune for, let us say, the assistance of orphans, this assistance to comefrom theinterest on the well ad. ministered capital for ever. He appoints an executor to administer this fund after his death, but makes no provision as to who is to administer the fund after the executor's death. Rather careless and haphazard, you would F

ay,

A. As farasIknow the suggestion of George regarding ownership of land was that the present owners were to be leftin nominal possession,but that rentswere to be soheavily taxed that the whole revenue required for the running of the country was to be obtained from this single tax, and that all other taxes.were to be abolished— implying, of,course, complete freetrade. That, no doubt, is a very radicaldoctrine, but hasnot,asfaras Iknow, been condemned by the Church, Neither is the theory very interesting, except from an'historical point of view, because it seems quite impracticable. Fancy running, a country even in peace time with all the immense expenditure occasioned by the supply of modern social services on taxes levied solely upon our urban and rural landlords. Incident. ally, Catholic social teaching is very much in favourof thewidestdistribution of land among the people by a wise and just agrazian policy.

QCana edROman Catholic, ever etner the priesthood?

A.: He most certainly can. There are at least three or four such in the Archdiocese of Perth. Cardinal Manning,Catholic Archbishop of Westminister,and Cardinal John Henry Newman had been Anglican clergymen. Monsignor Robert Hugh Ben• son;the well-known novelist, was the son of an Archbishop of Canterbury, and similarly thousands of others.

Lastly,you ask the name of the song that is sung at the end of this session and where toobtain the words and music.

A.: The hymn is called "Faith of Our Fathers," the air is traditional, thewords areby FatherFaber, also a convert. You could obtain acopy of it at Pellegrini's. Hay-street, Opposite Foy and Gibson's.

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To one who does not believe in Christ, the Church, naturally, is just

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RoUpood begins to take, an interest in Religio7

DoingsFTSayingsofPriestsMakeGoodMovieStories

Strange Spectacleof Film Companies

Competing for"Song of Bernadette"

Truth and Powerof God's Grace Form Story of Motion Picture*for First Time

By WILFRIDM

PARSONS,S.J.

Y

Hollywood, as everybody who goes to the cinema knows, has begun to take atremendous interest in religion. It has not yet come to conversion, you understand. It is more like discovery. The sensational success of "The Song of Bernadette," the story of the apparitions at Lourdes, has brought home the fact that there are dramaticvalues—and box-office—inde. picting the operations of the Creator in the human soul. The trend is on ("cycle" they call it in Hollywood) and there is more to come.

Moviegoers whose hair is grey and memories long will recall that through the years themoving pictures have always toyed with religious subjects. Those whose memories are especially tenacious will remember the Italian. madefilm,"Cabiria," astory of early Christian times, with its giant heroic Maciste. It was back in 1927 that Cecil B. DeMille made "The King of Kings," andthat pictureis stillshown every Lent in many aProtestant parish hall. Mr. DeMille, of course, specialised in this sort of spectacle, havingmade "The Ten Commandments" in 1923. Fred Niblo, sent., gave us the unforgettable"Ben Hur" in 1920. Henry Sienkiewicz's"Quo Vadis," another early-Christian story, was made twicein Europe, and now news comes that it may be made again, this time in Hollywood. "TheSign of the Cross," in 1932, was one of the most famous of Mr. DeMille's pictures, and is now to be reissued with anew pro. logue in a modern setting. "The White Sister,""Ramona," and " Garden of Allah" were others of this type.

Inspite of the fact that religion was the centraltheme of all thesepictures, they could not really be called religi,Gus films. They were primarily pa geants,"with gorgeous settingsand costumes, and the Church and its minis. ters were incidental to the general effect. In 1034, however, and again in 1937, two pictures appeared in whi I religion played an entirely different role. They were prophetic, adecade ahead, adevelopment which came to fruit only last year. Religion as a pageantis one thing, good to look at, perhaps,butitdoes nottouch thesoul to any depth. It is eye entertainment. The mind and the conscience are very little involved.

It was in 1934 that Hollrivoodfirs got an inkling of what it might mean toputapriestintoapictureas an in tegral part of the story, the modern storyofmodern people with their pro

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blems. In that year Winifield Sheehan produced"The World MovesOn." That picture is now remembered chie6 ly because it was the first one to receive the Production Code Administration Seal, which the industry had devised as the testimony that it had exercised the self-regulation called for by the Legion of Decency It was P.C.A. No. 1. But, unknown perhaps to its makers,itwas alsoaforerunner, ashadow of things to come. The priest who was the brother of the First.World-War hero was a sort of John the Baptist.

The hint was not taken until 1937 when afirst-class sensation was creat. ed by Spencer Tracy playing apriest in "San Francisco," astory of the Great Fire(earthquake to you), and madeby MetroGoldwyn Mayer. There are some people who remember it chiefly for the daring of the director (W.S.VanDyke) who had his priest suffer agood sound sock on the jaw and got away with it. Others were so impressed by it that ever since when there is question of apriest in ascript they will invariably ask if SpencerTracywill play it, whether he is suited to the part or not. What thepicturereallydid wasto saltaway in Hollywood's memory files the idea that there can be awhale of agood story in the doings and sayings of a priest.

Within acouple of years Spencor Tracy was again portraying a priest, and thistimeitwasalivingcharacter, Father Flanagan, in"Boys' Town." It is true that this was also a Mickey Rooney picture, and so at that time sureofsuccess,butthenation tookthe story to itsheart and any motion-pictureveteranwilltellyou itwasFather Flanagan who did it. It began to look as if religion, depicted in daily routines, could bpdome one df the stocksituationsofgood cinema.

Some people may remember afootball picture called "Notre Dame," chiefly useful in this recital as one which accustomed movie audiences to seeing acassock flit in and out of a scene. We got the same experience in"Angels With Dirty Faces," which wasahead ofits time in depicting the gruesome, and which the Legion of Decency did not like for that reason. Another in the same course of education-was "The Fighting Sixty-Ninth;" with'its story of the Fighting Padre, Father Francis P. Duffy, and still an. otherwasthelifeof KnuteRockne.

In all of these, Hollywood was feelingitsway. Ido notsay thatitwas consciously setting up a situation. After all, the studios, hardened as they aretoexoticcostumes,hadtoaccept acassock without agulp. They came around. Just the other day I saw Sir Cedric Hardwicke sitting nonchalantly in astudio restaurant in a Monsignor's robes, and nobody gavehimasecondglance. Butthecassock is only asymbol, after all. Where thereisacassockthereisapriest,and that meansapriest in the story, and that means lines spoken by him, and more often than not it can mean that the story reaches its solution in what he says. You see the trend.

BAKERAND PASTRYCOOK, ETC.

WEST ROAD, BASSENDEAN.

It was the year 1943 which really marked the arrival of the trend. Father Devlin is the representative of Archbishop Cantwell, of Los Angeles, in all the studios, and he also speaks to them with the voice of the Legion of Decency,- When there is anything Catholic in ascript, it is Father Devlin whois consultedon it,and he also has the onerous task of supervising the actual takingofascene, especially when there is question of some Catholic ceremony. The studios are ex. tremely sensitive to criticisms on in. accuracies in technical matters, and they go to extraordinary lengths in order to be right. (Imight also say in passing that Father Devlin does all this in addition to his faithful duties as Pastor of St.Victor's, in West Hollywood ?

and also as Defensor Vinculi on the Archdiocesan \latrimonal Court, and anybodytwhoreadsLouella Parsons, Hedda Hopper and Walter Winohell can guess what that means.)

Well, Father Devlin tells me that, inthe twelve months of the year 1943, he was "called in" on no less than ttwenty-four pictures. One can try to imagine what thet means. It means that, on anaverageof twice a.month, studios were making or preparing to make apicture in which the Catholic Church was directly and expressly involved. Nobody was more startled by this unsolicited wooing of the Church than Catholics themselves. But we might have known that sooner or later the seed that was sown by a producer tenyearsago would come to life and blossom freely. Religion as asubject for dramawas always there. Theonly wonderisthat the producers did not discover itsooner.

At any rate, by 1943, they did discover it. Strangely enough, however, the immediate forerunner of this new kind of cycle was the story of

aProtestant minister, made in 1941. It was afilm version of the best seller novel, '10ne Foot in Heaven." In spite of the novelty,however,andgoodcritical notices, and also agood stiff controversy, which always helps, this picture did not fulfil its makers' expectationsat theboxoffice. In thisconnection it may be recalled that the clergyman in'Holy Matrimony" was an Episcopal minister, and Iam informed that in David Selznick's forthcoming big picture,"Since You Went Away," Lionel Barrymore delivers a sermon from an Episcopal pulpit. "Mrs. Miniver" also had several scenes from Episcopalianchurch life.

In thiscategory,ofcourse,twoother pictures stand out which Ihave not. mentioned. They are both, as it hap. pened, made by Twentieth Century. Fox, which also made "The Song of Bernadette" andis making "The Keys of the Kingdom." "Guadalcanal Diary" was thestoryof thelandingof the Marines on the island of that name. In that picture the Catholic chaplain, Father Donnelly, was an outstanding character, and his heroic work waswoveninasan integral part of the terrific sufferings and superhumaneffortsof the Marinesin taking the island and holding it long after hbpe of relief hadpassed.

The other film was "The Sullivans." Thatwas thestoryofthefiveSullivan brothers, who were assigned to the same cruiserandwhowent down with her just as they were about to be saved. Now the extraordinary part of that picture was this. It was a biography of the five boys. Three years ago it would have been told as the story of,a familyof young Americans of no specifiq religion; in fact, the audience rwould not have guessed that they had any religion at all. But the Sullivans were Sullivan's. In the new awareness of Hollywood to the whole of life, we were shown them at their Baptism, at their First Communion, and in various serious andamus ing scenes with their pastor, Father Francis. It is arather encouraging symptom. It will be difficult in future pictures, if the characters in the

story have any religion at all, to sho them without it.

The climax of all this development was"The Song of Bernadette." Franc Werfel's great novelised biography of the ignorant peasantgirl who saw the Blessed Virgin at Massabielle was the latest, but it was one of the greatest, in the longseries ofbookswhich have be-en written about the miracle of Lourdes. To the surprise of agreat mane it became abest seller, read avidlyby more non-Catholics thanCa. tholics. It was inevitable that afilm company snap it up, and—Iam told the competition was fierce for its purchase. But the interesting thing about it was that from beginningto end Catholicshadnothing directlytodowith it. It was written by aJew, who is still aJew; it was bought by acompany whose chairman is Wendell Willkie; it was made into ascript by a Protestant, George Seaton; it was producedbyaJew, WilliamPerlberg; and itwasdirectedbyaProtestant,Henry King; only one or two or the parts were taken by baptisedCatholics.

There have been few who have been able to view this picture without deep emotion. This story of an innocent and not particularly bright girl who stood out unflinchingly against the Church, the State and Science in her unswerving claim, "The Lady dirt speak to me," and was never spoiled inall her triumphs, is atremendous1v moving one. This effect is greatly heightened by the simplicity with which the director had the part played by Jennifer Jones, who in private life is Mrs. Robert Walker, and who .wasPhyllisI'sley in herconventschool days at Monte Cassinoin Tulso, Oklahoma. There is very little"cinema" aboutitin the artysense.

The great crowds who have viewed the picture at advanced prices show thatBernadettehasanappealtomore than Catholics. Anybody can see it and enjoy it for its own sake, as a great motion picture. To Catholics, naturally, there is also thegreatinterestthat it is the storyofLourdes,the living proof thot miracles still take place in God'sChurch,and that God still-

walks among His children healing the souls and bodies of those who in. voke Him in faith and hope. "The Song of Bernadette"will reach more millions with this demonstration than have been influenced by all thebooks written about Lourdes since the beginning.

To Catholics there is another profound significance about the story of Lourdes. Fundamentally,it is arevelation of the Immaculate Conception. The apparitions took place in February and March,1858. It was only four years before in 1854, that Pope Pius IX had defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, to the great scandal of many non-Catholics who saw in the actof Papal teaching authoritythe forerunnerofadefinition of Papal infallibility(which actually took place at the Vatican Council in 1870). The miracles of Lourdes, performed in the name of her who told Bernadette thatshe is the Immaculate Conception,put the seal on theactof the Pope four years before.

In this connection there isan amusingstory told in the studio as having happened duringthefilmingof thepicture. ItiswellknownthatmostnonCatholics confuse the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady with the Virgin Birth of Our Lord. When Mr. Perlberg, the producer,learned the real distinction between the two, he went aboutLosAngelesandHollywood buttonholing Catholic acquaintances and asking them with apparent innocence what is the Immaculate Conception.

To those who answered correctly, he solemnly conferred the brevet of good Catholic. Try it on your friends.

So "The Song of Bernadette" is a landmark in thehistory ofthemotion picture. It is the first film in'Which the truth and power of God's grace are an essential part of the story, in fact. the story itself.

"T=Is THEARMY,"

This rather long, yet entertaining, film is the record of two Army shows intwowars. Thefirstpartofthepicture is concerned with the production of Irving Berlin's"Yip Yip Yaphank" by thesoldiersof 1918,andthesecond, and by far the longer part, with the next generations's production of"This is the Army;' with music also by the famous'Berlin.

Idon't suppose much plot is necessary for this type of film, and what littlestorythereisseemsadequate for the required coherency. A rather clumsyattemptismade atintroducing the customary romantic interest, this time with Lieut. Ronald Reagan and Joan Leslie running the gamutof human emotion from A to B. After recently seeing Reagan's capable portrayal of Drake in'K'ing's Row,' it was apity to see him cast in such a puerile part. Kate Smith was much in evidence(approximately 293lbs.) in one short scene, and she gave awarm rendition of "God Bless America." George Murphy and the inimitable Charles Buttersworth were cast in theirusualtype of role, andbothwere adequate.

WarnerBrothershavegiventhisfilm allthey've got inthe way ofpresentation. Huge sets, colossal crowds, ter rific sound, r

ousing soldier choruses, drilling and routine work that would make even asergeant-major feel satisfied(temporarily), competent acrobats and tapdancers, male ballets,brilliant impersonations of the Lunts, Herbert MarshallandCharlesBoyer, allhelpto makeanexcellentcleanentertainment. Mentionmust be made of the musical scoreby Berlin. Some of his brightest and most tuneful"hits" are in. cluded in this film, and each is done justice by pleasant voices(even Frances Langford kept in tune) and generalpresentation.Ithink itwasapity that Hollywood made Berlin sing two of his numbers. With aweak, thin voice, not unlike that of adyinggander, it was the only dim touch in a brightshow. —"GROUCHO" Y 'VMERELLA."

The locale isFordham University, and they have already beenon the air several times, being quite at home in the requisite melodies, from Cole Porter , and Duke Ellington downwards, The idea apparently is that they can form their own swing-bands back on theirowncampus, -and with that in view every music teachermust also learn one other instrument to take her part in the band. It is not expected that the vogue of swing bands in Catholic schools will spread to Australia yet, at least not until C.G.M. vocations have markedly increased.

.A controversy in the daily press on the way Hollywood treats history has beentouchedoffby thefilm,"Du Barry Was aLady," at the Metro. last month.• An alternative Angle is, given by thelimerick:

Cecil B. deMille, Very much against his will, Was forced to leave Moses, Out of the Wars of the Roses.

—THE MOOCHER.

"Cinderella;" the Christmas pantomineat the Luxor, is interspersed with several specialty acts, some of whichintroducenewartists. Thebest of these was Wally Krober,the boy contortionist, followed by the Kelroys in ashortgymnasticdisplay. Freddie Goldman was again featured, while Maggie Buckley sang some not very humourousnumbers notverywell. In fact, except for occasional flashes, the comedy could hafe been brighter throughout. In a specialty dance Gwelda Bresland lacked something of an interpretative grace, particularly in her armmovements. While on the subject of dancing, the ballet work couldstandimprovement. Inparticular there is little excuse for not dancingin time. The ballet was not able tomaintaintheillusionofashowmoving at abright rate, though in this it was not entirely alone. The panto. mime was designed specially to appeal tochildren, and as such was probably successful. Certainly no young critics were observed leaving their seats in high dudgeon.

—THEMOOCHER.

Following recent reports that Isis Holiness the Pope is not peculiarly partial to jazz or to crooners, news from America of the formation of a nuns' swing band not only reveals the catholicity of taste within the Church, but is also afurther indication of the versatility of American nuns. Unfortunately a slight indistinctness about the original precludes the reproduction of the photograph on this page,but there theyall are—thenuns, their habits, and their instruments.

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APPEAL FOR FATHERS OF .THE DIVINEWORD

t S.

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THORNTON—SHERIDAN.

The marriagetook place, with Nup• tial Mass,'atSt.Patrick'sChurch,Wellington, on Saturday, November 25, between Sylvia, eldestdaughter of Mr. and Mrs. H. K. Sheridan, "Fairfield," Spicer'sCreek,andEdwardJames (late A.I.F.), second eldest son of the late Mr. and Mrs. H.T.Thornton,of Boul. der, Western Australia. Very Rev Father J. P. Kelly officiated at the ceremony, and celebrated Nuptial Maass.

The bride looked charming as she entered the church on the arm of her father. Here graceful gown of white satin.wascutonclassicallines,andshe wore agold sapphire cross pendant (thegiftofthebridegroom )

. Herfin. ger-tip veil was held in place with

a coronetoforangeblossom,andshecar. riedashowerbouquet of regal lilies.

The bridesmaid, Ruth (sister of the bride), was prettily attired in white flatcrepe,with short pleatedveil,and topknot of rosebuds and carnations. Shecarriedashowerbouquettomatch.

Gus, brother of the bride, efficiently carried out the duties of best man.

The bride's mother rwore blue flat crepe with black accessories, and car. riedahandposyofautumnroses.

The altar was beautifully decorated by the SistersofMercy. at whoseconventthebridewasaformerpupil.Dur. ing Nuptial Mass the "Benedictus" and "Ave Maria" were sweetly renderedbyMissPhyl Dowd,and accompan. ied by Mr. Charles Murphy at the organ.

The bride's gift to the bridegroom was awristlet watch, and the bride. groom's gift to the bridesmaid apendant.

A small family reception was held at the Central Hotel, where the usual toasts were honoured, including those of the absent sister and brothers of the bridegroom, who, owing to warrestrictions, were unable to be present. Many congratulatory telegrams were read out by Father Kelly, who presided at the breakfast.

Thehappycouple left afterwards for Orange, where thehoneymoon is being spent, the bride wearing blue crepe de chene,withnavy accessoriesandwhite shoulder spray. Theirfuturehomewill beatOsborne Park. Western Australia.

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WEREYOU ONE.OFTHELUCKYONESTHMT= IF NOT,GETYOURTICKET

Salazar Seesthe U.S:astheBalanceof Power inanAtlantic System

:..Portugal's.Courage in Granting theAzores Bases

*Aoglo-Portuguese Alliance Essential 'to Portugal'sForeign Policy

An Authoritarian, Regime Which is Not Totalitarian...

Here condensed from the "Saturday Evening Post" (Philadelphia,U.S.A.), is an articleof more than ordinaryinterestontherevolutionarychangethat is takingplace in European andworld affairs. The article,written by U.S. correspondent Henry J. Taylor, reports an interview with Portugal's PrimeSinister,Salazar,inwhich some exceedingly pertinent facts are reveal• ed in reference to the war-time policy of both Portugal and Spain—two countries which are still the butt of facile newspaper men of the interneticnal socialist and big business outlook.

T

On October 13, 1913, Baron Oswald Hoyningen-Iluene, the German Minister in Lisbon, grey and shaken, confronted Portugal's Prime minister with tbe.-morning newspaper. The headline: Churchill Announces Azores Basesfor Britain.

Baron IIuene stated that Germany's .Protest would be accompanied by orders for his recall. "This," he said, "is the end of me." German diplomacy, German espionage, German "thoroughness" had slipped and slipped badly. AfterthreemonthsofAnglo-Portuguese discussions in Lisbon, Hitler had no inkling of the deal until it was announced in the newspapers.

Hoyningen-IIuene is an old man, never closely tied in iwith the Nazis. "If anyone from Berlin is going to stay here," Salazar said,"Iwould prefir to have you stay."

Sitting in his office in the Palacio Sao Bento, the Prime Minister asked Hoyningen-Hoene to telephone Von Ribhentrop at the German Foreign 6ffrce. Von Ribbentrop was at the ReichChancellery with Hitler, and the Lisbon call was- transferred there. Salazarspoke toboth Nazileaders. He made apersonal appeal on behalf of Huene. The old man was permitted to remain in Lisbon. Huene is con. vinced that Salazar literally saved his life.,

'By November, 1932,when Salazar was elevated to Prime Minister, the quiet student from Vimeiro had intro. duced compulsory education; outlined the first steps toward social legislation, initiated workmen's compensation and insurance on a pay-as-you-go basis, and had established aprogramme of local public works—especially the People'sHouses projects, underwritten by the federal government, but voted on andpaid for by the local commun. ity.

In this connection,Salazar addressed the Council of State on December 9, 1934. "As ournational welfare con. tinues to improve,we must continue to limit ourselves to apolicy of plain good sense," he said,"as opposed to a policy of too magnificent plans, plans so vast and magnificent that all our energy is spent in admiring them and no strength isleft to carry then! out."

By now he was being quietly consulted by the statesmen of the world. With the collapse of the London Economic Conference in 1933 he wrote to Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald. "Now there is nothing ahead in Europe but war."

Yet in the international field. Salaiar made it clear from the beginning that he regarded the Anglo-Portuguese alliance,the oldest alliance in the Forld,as the unchangeable foundation ofPortugueseforeignpkcv. Asearly is Hitler's attack on Poland in 1939, be foresaw along—very long—struggle tulminatind in an Allied victory, in-

stead of ashort war and aPax Germanica on the continent of Europe. Even with the fall of France, and he made this plain to me in our first meeting shortly afterward, he remained convinced that Germany would lose the war. Against all German boasts to the contrary, he was convinced that England would stand, and that the United. States" would come in in time.

Salazar's private office is a small room, but comfortable. Tall windows look out on aquiet garden. The on1v decorations on the walls are a few prints and alovely,French clock which stands on the mantel. The beauty in this room is its easy naturalnes,..

"But it is not agood place to de• side things," Salazar will tell you. "The place for aman to think is in his home."

Yet if this seems to define ahabitu. ally austere man,it is inaccurate. On close contact, Salazar is warm and cheerful, with smiling Latin eyes and aquiet, congenial laugh which comes easily tohim and isveryappealing. He is younger than you might expect, for he is still only 55.

At the time ofSalazar's arrangement last fall for Britain'suse of Portuguese bases in the Azores and elsewhere, I was.again in Portugal.

The negotiationswere not conducted solely by the British Ambassador, Sir Ronald Hugh Campbell. :tor. Eden sent aspecial Foreign Office representative to Lisbon for the task. To the amazement of the British, Salazar agreed in principle to the delivery of the bases immediately the request was made. When the representative had outlined the problem, the Prime Alimster said,"You place this request on the structure of the Anglo-Portuguese treaty. Ithought you would have come to me earlier. You might have known my answer two years ago if you had asked. England shall have the bases. Negotiate the particulars withourmilitarypeopleand Ishall sec the Foreign Minister of,Spain."

Portugal's treaties with Spain pre• sented aproblem for Portugal's free action with Great Britain,,for the in. ternal treaties between the two countries of the so-called Iberian bloc required Spanish consent toany such action in favour of one of the belligerent Powers. Salazar left Lisbon at once for a rendezvous with Count FranciscoGomezJordana in Spain. He returned to Lisbon with Spain's agree. ment for Portugal's granting of bases to England.

The United States had not appear. ed in the negotiations,although Sala zar assumed that Great Britain's request for specific sites—harbours, airfields, military zones and what-not—ineluded America'sand Britain's allied needs. Thiswasnot thecase. When the Lisbon arrangements were completed and Mr. Churchill announced the result to an interested world in his speech to Parliament on October 12, 1943, Washington'splans had not been included in the deal.

American Ambassador R. Henry Norweb was flown hurriedly from Lima, Peru, to Lisbon to begin fresh negotiations with Portugal on our behalf. He arrived on November 22. It was an awkward mission for even sn able aman, because Dr. Salazar thought the bases matter was closed, and he had just finished weathering Germany's resentment in the episode involving Baron Iluene, Von Rippentrop, and Ilitler—+which Itold of the beginning of thi ,

tarticle.

Ambassador Norweb broke the news of America's dilemma to Dr. Salazar on Thanksgiving evening, November 25. The Prime Minister took the surprise in his stride. His consent could rest on atreaty. There is no treaty between Portugal and the United States. He could hardly increase the grants given Great Britain, because from apractical standpoint there were scarcely any more sites to go around. Salazar did not obstruct America's wishes. Ile did what he could. Althougheventuallycertain limited facilities were made available to us, it was obvious that, through faulty liaison between Washington and London, America had, in the main, missed theboat.

In my interview with Salazar that same night which he authorised me to publish as the second interview he has granted ,any Axis or Allied journalist during his career—the Prime Minister expresed his views about American affairs.

"On this continent, pressed for centuries by fear of one strong Pover— any one Power—and always reacting in the same ways against this fear;' he said,"'two immense land Powers, Germany and Russia, now stand established in an Eastern European tension zone as Germany and France stood in the past. By the very nature of things, each is bound to'survive, in some way, asGermany and France did through their wars of yester-years.

"To the smaller countries of Europe, therefore, the element of fear changes very little through this latest conflict. Quite aside from ideologies and in a historic manner, as Germany is weakened and becomes prostrate, the European countries which feared the allpowerful Germany will then fear an all-powerful Russia no less."

Salazar saw Asiatic influences pressing westward and revolting in Central Europe to the long-time embroilment of the two great land powers, Russia and Germany, far beyond the occurrence of peace after this war.

"The age-long history of this con. tinent is the story of tensions between land-locked people tnd seafaring nations. As throughout all time, the Europeans are, in alarger sense,

fight. ing arearguard action against the expanding Asiatic and Teutonic elements at their backs. Accordingly, from ageopolitical viewpoint,Isee the outlines of an Atlantic system emerging in another circle, which would readjust all previous geopolitical concepts and make the Atlantic area of the future the equivalent of the Mediterranean of the past."

We had walked over to the high windows of the study. "I think," Salazar said,"this is the way it will be."

He traced alarge circle on the window to indicate anew centre of the Europeanworld as being "pushed westward toward the Atlantic into aseaboard perimeter."

"This shore line—Europe, West

Africa, South America, and North Am. erica," he said,'Srequires a revived France and ahealthv Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain), plus the balancing element of expansion in Africa and Brazil for its geopolitical gravitation. Responding to this suction, the United States now enters the whirlpool's orbit'directly and irrevocably, The United States becomes to this Atlantic system as a whole what England used to be to the limited continent of Europe—the detached but everlastingly involved sentinel in which will rest the balance of power.

"Even with all Russia's vastnessand her demonstrated potentialities, the balanceof power cannotcentre in that land-locked nation any more than the balance of power previously rested in powerful Germany—which it atever did. Itisequallyevident, as Isee it, that the balance of power has now passed beyond the British Isles forever. The balance of power for this centurywill be in the United State

"Unless Europe can see anew guiding light, blazing with national integrity and consistently dedicated to in. ternational morality, regardless of the

opportunism in other Powers, there' is no hope of alasting peace. And 0 from the continental viewpoint, re- o membering that both Great Britain and Russia were sadly involved in the dilemmas of the past which led up to this war, such abeacon in foreign policy can come only from the United States."

To a;world properly suspicious of one-man rule, Salazars regime falls into the class of dictatorship, and in some of its features it must qualify as such. Butitisnotquite so simple as that. David Shillan, director of the British Institute in Portugal, expresses one European point of view.

"The Portuguese regime is authoritarian," he stated recently in all address at Chatham House, London. "They make no bones about it. Pnt the regime isnot totalitarian, and they also make no bones about that."

The fact that Portugal has remain ed an independent State for 800 years —except for the Spanish occupation of 1581 to 1640—is something unique in European power politics. French cul ture, rather than Spanish culture, has been predominant. The national at. titude has always been much closer to; French liberalism than to Spanish feudalism. The French debacle in 1910 struck hard in Portugal and proved a shock from which the Portuguese have even now not frilly recovered.

Yet two words so important in the political philosophy of,France, Great Britain and the United States,"democracy" and freedom," are so different• ly understood in Portuguese that their use there involves positive confusion. "Democracy" was widely used in the early, chaotic stage of the ill-fated (1914)republic, and is taken to mean acondition approaching complete an. archy.

"Freedom" to a Portuguese may mean freedom from obligations, free dom fromirestraint,duties or law, freedom not to pay debts or to abide he any rules. If you ask an urban Portuguesewhetherhewants "democracy" and "freedom" he will shake his hear) and say,"No." If you ask aPortuguese in the backcountry he willshow positive alarm.

"Complete self-government in our land; says Salazar,"is aproblem of national education. If abroad Iam called adictator, Ican only say tbtt we have had acontinuity in Portu. gueselifeof•which wearejustlyproud, and Iam only amomentary part of thatcontinuity, Crushed in the westernstripofthe peninsulabetweenpowerfulneighboursand the ocean, ourexistence has been necessarily one long drama. But by the favour of Providence, we can count eight centuries of toil and suffering, struggles and independence. And if the dangers remain, the miracle of our independence remains also."

And Salazar himself remains largely an intellectual figure in theeyes of the people. He is vastly respected in a land where ascholar and acelibate is avastly respected man indeed. He stands on no balconies, he rides in no parades, reviews no troops, and greets no dignitaries in public. The Portuguese as awhole neither cheer him nor fear him. What they do not like about the Government thev do not seem toblame directly onSalazar.And what they do like about the Government they, in ahuman way, attribute to themselves.

The machinery which sustains Sala zar's influence is the deference which the rekional political leaders and the Council of State hold for the suc•'e e of his plans and his actions, and the; knowledge that his own desire isto return totheUniversityof Coimbra.

R.A.A.F.holdsaMissionoffDutch'NewGuinea

... Reality of the Faith to Our Fighting

High Mass, Dialogue Mass and_ Gregorian Chant in aHessian Chapel —

Only afew months ago R.A.A.F. unitslanded on anisland off the coast of Dutch New Guinea. Like most of the tropical islands in these areas, it's nothing much to look at—nothing like the "Blue Lagoon" or any other of the paradisesdepicted by theSouth Sea novelists. Only for the strategist in war was there any attraction to be found in this island, on which no European everlived before the war. But the Japanese hadbuilt airstripson this island, and we wanted those strips, so we look the island. But apart from building strips, the Japs had left the island in itsprimitive state. Buildings there were none, roads were mere tracks, boggyandfrillof pot-holes. In short, all modern conveniences were non-existent.

One things that mattered was with j us. From D-Day onwards, Catholic r t

Chaplain, American and Australian, were theresayingMass forus. In"our unit, the "Airmen's Mess"—a mere marquee tent, in which the smell of tinned food still lingered—was our church. As you went up to receive Holy Communion, you kept aweather eye open for the throat-high guy ropes, which were atrap for the unwary. The floorwas hard and rocky, two candles on the altar flickering in the gustywind, were the tole illumination. But the laity were there in force, overflowing beyond the tent in all directions.

Right from the start Father Frawley, the R.A.A.F. Chaplain, wanted a real church, and in his first address to us he appealed for volunteers to help him build it. Within three weeks of the landing, a church—built by Father Frawlev and his volunteers from bush timber, with tarpaulins for roof, hession for walls, saplings for seats and altar rails—had been completed. It measures 72 feet by 24 feet,and is beautified inside by staghorns and ferns. It is"The Chapel of the Immaculate Heart of Mary:' ,Chapels have been built before in New Guinea during this war, at Port Moresby, Milne Bay and Finschhafen. for instance. Father Frawley had thus not broken new ground in that respect, but his chapel had been built much sooner afterthe landing than at any of the other places Ihave mentioned, But Father Frawley wasn't content with that record—he decided to have aMission. It sounds incred• ible, Iknow—aMission in war time. But it has happened, and it was a Mission we will remember with pri•t• and gratitude for along time.

Notice boards, displayed prominently at various points along the main road,announced the \fission to all t4 island. Four American Chaplains readily agreed to preach the sermons. The laity attended in force—not only the Australians, who are Father Frawleys particular charge, but Americans also. Non-Catholics were also there 'rhe spectacle of vast crowds of men spending an hour and ahalf of their precious leisure time at church on four successive week nights, as well as Sunday, was an impressive adver. tisement for the Catholic Faith.

The Mission opened on Sunday, Oc• tober 22, and closed Thursday, the 20th. The sermons were excellent The first sermon by Fathers Dowers was on Penance (Do you remember the storyof the'Wee ... ew•"—heput that one over in the sermon. The next night Father Murphy preached on the Eucharist. Father Kochisky, aPolish priest, on the following night gave us anew angle on Prayer, when he defined it as"just talkine to Christ, your dear personal Friend." On the Wednesdav Father Dwyer spoke on Purity, and Father Burke, an .Ameri-

can Redemptorist, concluded the Mission by asermonon)Our Lady. (The requisite candles had been obtained, somehow and somewhere).

Each night we sang the familiar Catholic hymns, such as "Holy God," "Hail, Queen of Heaven," "To

Jesus Heart All Burning,"•"Jesus, My God;" winding up each night by beefing out "Faith of Our Fathers" in tremendous volume. Hymn sheets, roneo'd off for the occasion, helped us out with the words.

And each night we had Benediction. Cope and veil had been hastily made, despite the fact th5t the R.A.AF. had no mustering of"sempstress," nor have we any naval sailmakers among us. Someone made athurifier out of two Bofors shell cases, and the American Chaplains supplied incense and aportable organ. Iremember that fine journalist, IIugh Buggy, when report ing (for the Melbourne "Herald") "Men's Night" of the Eucharistic'Congress in Melbourne in its Centenary Year (1934), remarking: "This was no Revival Meeting. These men in their thousands were singing the ordinary Catholic hymns which they sing. at Benediction every week in their own parish." So it was with us, in the Benediction, and though the hymn sheets had omitted the "Adoremits" and the response,"Omne delectamentum;" the congregation sang thoi!as readily and as well as they bad the "Salutaris" and the"Tanturn Ergo."

Four priests heard confessions every night, and at least90 per cent. of t1l, congregation received Communion every night. On the last night Father Frawley, duringthe celebration of Mass, gave us a"ball for ball" explanation of the ceremony. Roneo'd sheets of the responses in the Mass were issued that night, to guide us for afuture Dialogue Mass.

On the last night also, acollection wastakenupfortheCatholic'.Missions, and this realised£170.

Even the glory of the Mission was not enough for Father Fraiwley's zeal. He decided that the Feast of Christ the King would only fittingly be celebrated by aHigh Mass. Once again the American Chaplains agreed to assist.

Volunteers for achoir were forthcoming, amongstwhomtwo experts on Gregorian music•emerged from the obscurity with which service lifd had cloaked them. One of them, Cpl. Abrahams, of Newcastle, became the choirmaster. Most of the choir had neversungGregorianbefore, and knew neither the words nor the music. So Cpl. Abrahams spent the whole of his leisure time for two days transposing words and music of the Kyrie. Gloria. and Credo, so as to simplify matters for his very rushed choir. He had only three days in which to teach them.

The High Mass was celebrated by Father Frawley, with Father Burke as Deacon, Father Murphy as Sub-Deacon, and Father Powersas M.C. Three R,A.A.F, officers served the Mass, two as acolytes, and one as thurifer bearer —two of them were senior medical officers. Father Frawley preached an inspiring sermon on the Kingship of Christ. Once again the chapel was crowded to overflowing. The ceremony,wentoffwithout ahitch,and 'the choir, despitethe shortness of their practice, acquitted themselves creditably. Such was the fitting culmination of aweek of great religious activitv.

Since then, we have had our fi—I Dialogue Mass, on the Feast of All Saints, and it too went off very well.

Iwrite this account partly that you may know of the splendid demonstratinn of Catholic Faith on this island twhich,evenifIhad toldyou it's name you'd have trouble locating it in your

atlas. Partly alsothatyoumayknow howmuch onezealouschaplain can accomplish. Partly that wives, sweethearts, and mothers and friends may gain some consolation in the knowledge that their loved ones in the services are being adequately cared for spiritually. And, lastly, to emphasise the magnificent universality of our Church, wherein Australian andAmerican servicemen can sit side by side while the unchanging doctrines of the faith are expounded, now in an American accent,now in an Australian,

Men

can kneel side by side at the altar rails and receive theirGod in'the selfsame manner as they did in days of. peace, in Melbourne, Sydney, Toow•oomba,or Kalgoorlie, OhioorCincin. nati, or New York, as they will again, please God, after the war, in the days of that peace for which the Pope has bidden ussooften to pray—ajustand lastingpeace.

'May Christ the King, Whose feast we on this island have just celebrated, grant us such apeace,and may He reign onearthas He doesin Heaven.

ARTHUR E. DAVIES & CO. funeral Directors cmb Embalmers

EERTH: Or. Beaufort and Isulw-rStreets. B9400.

OLAREMONT: Opposite Railway Station. !2177.

PREMANTLZ : 85 Market Street. L7E26.

PARTNERS: WALL+rE A H. GREEN & GEORGE B. COCKERILL.

WANTEDI

Young men who wish to dedicate their lives to the work of THE FOREIGN MISSIONS!

Anew Mission Seminary is being opened by the Divine Word Fathers at Marburg, Queensland, in March, 1945. This Mission Seminary has for its express and sole purpose the educationofyoungmen whowishto dedicate their lives to the Propagation of the Faith in foreign lands, particularly in the South Seas.

Students will be accepted after successful completion of the Junior (Intermediate)Examination.

Candidates will present testimonial letters from their Parish Priests, as well as from theirSchool Superiors.

Young men interested in the ".Missionary Brotherhood are also urgedtomake inquiries.

For further particulars,write to—

REV. DANIEL DRISCOLL, S.V.D., MISSIONSEMINARY,MARBURG,QUEENSLAND.

Established1874.

OfficialOrganof theArchdiocese of Perth.

Addressallcommunicationstothe Editor,BoxA36, G.P.O.,Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PER7ii. TELEPHONE: B6950.

PERTH,WEDNIESDAY,JANUARY 3, 1945.

The Power of the Press

The twentieth century holds no more remarkable record of progress than in the development and organisation of the Press In the verybeginning of history, Babylonian bricks or Egyptian papyrus retained in miniature whatever of the world's knowledge was transferred to writing. In later days the libraries, such as Alexandria,gatheredtogetherallthegreatliterary treasuresofthe ancientworld. But such treasureswere mostly confined tocloselyguardedlibraries,orthe housesofthegreat. Evert intheMiddleAges—thatgreatperiodofliterary,

digestionandclassification— literaryworkswereasslowlyandlaboriouslycopied ashandpaintings of to-clay. Itxvas only with the introduction of printing nt the fifteenth century that the world entered upon the threshold of anew era, in era which has reached its: clinlax in the remarkable developments of to-clay.

• a

In St. Paul we know with what eutphasi, the danger of-the spoken wordis stressed. Yet thespoken word in St. Paul'stime was confined to very closely defined limits. To-clay, like the written word, its influence is world wide, and the most potent power for goal or evil within the powerof utau. If the spoken and the written word be such adisruptiveor constructive force in themodernworld,itisonlynaturalthattheChurch shouldtakeactive steps to stem the evil, or harness the resources of the good. It realises that the modern secularistpress, if left to itself, would soon create acompletely Pagan people. Indeed, if the present views ofthePressweretakenasan index,atraveller fromanother sphere would have difficulty in diagnosing any traces of the faith andmoralsofaChristian people. So far have the pagancontrollers of world circulation dominated the world.

Yet the world is not as Pagan as it; 1're s—though there is grave dangerthatit might eventually become so. It isfoolish to think that our Catholic people are immune from the evil influence ofthesecularPress, DailypaperscomeintoeveryCatholichome, and every one reads. Apart from the frequent unsavoury social scandals, there are false principles and false ideals heing mooted daybyday,whichmighteventuallyleadtheunwary and unlearned totheirowndestruction. Tocounteractthe insidious influenceof the secular Press, the Church opposes the good and wholesome readingoftheCatholicpaper,whicheverstands for Christianprinciples oflife and conduct, and everdefends the truth against the false charges of its enemies. The Holy Father has eulogised in burningwordstheworkofthe CatholicPress in the world. It is oneofthegreatestforcesoffaithandmorality. Itistherightarm ofthe Church,andouronly bulwark against the deluge of Paganism in our enlightened age.

It is difficult to consider ahome purely Catholic without its Catholic paper. Yet there are many Catholic homes which do not possess this Catholic(tall-mark. It cannot be amatter of finance. It must at best be amatterof indifference. "It is a tragedy,"saidawell known missioner,writingon the subject—yet acommon experience to go into aparish of athousand soulsand findonlythreedozen Catholicpaperssoldevery week. Asamissioner, Isee alarming apathy amongst Catholics. Iam aghast numberlesstimesat thecriminalindifferenceto our CatholicPress. There is not afamily in the countrybutcan afford to take aCatholicpapereveryweek." Whereadailypaper is essential,often aracing special, and an evening paper also, there should nc. he any question of the stockingof aCatholic weekly. A Catholic paper for every -

Catholic home, ought to be the motto of every Catholic.

THE LATE FLIGHTZERGEANT JAMES PATRICK STEFFAN.

Flight-Sergeant Steffan lost his life in air operations over France last June. In letters received from his Ring Commanderand comrades, heis very wellspoken of. His RingCommander expressed his sympathy and mentioned Jim as being highly courageous.

Liked and respected by all who knew him, JimwaseducatedatSacred Heart, and later C.B.H.S., Highgate. During 1939 and 1940 he was captain of the football team.

His parents-

received the consolation of knowing that, four hoursberorehis last operation, he attended his duties and was prepared in every way to make thegreat sacrifice.# R.I.P.

OUARANT' ORE

1948. JANUARY.

2nd.—BEVERLEY: One Day of Exposition.

3rd—BEACONSFIELD: One Day of Exposition.

4th.—BATANNING: One Day of Exposition.

FEBRUARY.

1st.—REDEMPTORIST MONIASASTERY: Forty Hours' Prayer(2nd-4th.).

HARVEY: One Day of Exposition.

2nd.—SALAMUNDA: One Dap of Exposition.

0e

Arc§biocesc

HisGrace the Archbishopannounces thefollowingclericalappointmentsand changes:—

Rev. M. Holahan, Parish Priest of Mt. Barker„ tobdParish PriestofMerredin.

Rev. J. J. O'Ntahony, Parish Priest of Merredin, to be Parish Priest of Mt. Barker.

Rev. P. O'Sullivan, assistant at Highgate Ifill, tohe assistant atShenton Park and part-time Chaplain to Hollywood Military Hospital.

Rev.J. Leech, assistant at Midland Junction,tobeassistantat Bunbury. Rev.J. Nolan, assistantat Kalgoorlie, tobeassistantatNortham,andparttime Chaplain to Northam Military Hospital.

Rev, M. Brennan, assistant at Northam, to be assistant at Kalgoorlie. Rev. J. Bourke,assistant at Cottesloe, to be Professorof Philosophy at St. Francis Xavier'sSeminary, Adelaide. Rev. R.S.T.Kelly,recentlyordained, to be assistant at Cottesloe.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

January18: 7.30 p.m.: Confirmation of children attending Religious Ilolidav School at Pinjarra.

JanuaryS0:

8a.m.: Preside at Ceremony of Profession at St.Joseph's Convent, Fremantle.

HOLIDAYRESORTS

MASS TIME TABLE.

Cottesloe:

Sundays: 7a.m.; 10 a.m.

NorthBeach:

Sundays(from Dec.24, until furthernotice):9.30a.m.

Rockingham: Sundays(in January): 9a.m.

Scarborough: Sundays: 8a.m.

CATHOLICBROADOASTS.

The Catholic Answer: Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Stations 6PR and6TZ.

...

Baptie

s"In,

is Absolutely Necessary for Salvation

EveryBaptisedChild belongsto the.CatholicChurch

Effects of this New Spiritual Birth

When Lay-Folk Can Act and How it Should Be Done...

'%seen, amen, Isay to thee,•unless a true Faith—it may still belongto the manbe born againofwater andthe HolyGhost,hecannotenterintothe kingdom of God."(St, John iii., 5).

Baptism is the first and most essential ofall the Seven Sacraments. It stands first in order of importance for several reasons. For it is the rite of initiation, or introduction, into the faith of Christ—"the gate," as the Fathers of the Church call it, of the Catholic Church. By it we are made children ofGod, areconsecratedtothe service of the Blessed Trinity, and incorporated with our Ilead„ Jesus Christ, as members of His mystic Body the Church. Its importance in relation to therestofthesevenisthis: thatunless Baptism hasbeen received,• no other Sacrament can take effect in the soul. Inother words, if we have not been duly received as membersof that religious society called the Christian Church, we cannot hope to enjoy thebenefitsofmembership.

There is but "one Baptism"—as St. Paultells the Ephesians—just as there is but "one Lord" and "one faith." Every baptised child, therefore, b-comes—bythe very fact of its valid Baptism—aCatholic, no matter what form of religion, or irreligion, its parents or the minister of Baptism may profess; anditremains atrueCatholic until ithas reachedsuch an age as to beablecorisciously,andofitsownfree act, to reject the authority of the Catholic Church into which it was baptised, and so to separate itself from Catholic communion. Even then—in virtue of invincible ignorance of the

"soul"oftheChurch,throughretaining sanctifying grace, though not in outward union with theCatholic body. Thus baptisms do not differ according tothe denomynationinwhichthey are received. There is not an,Anglican, aWesleyan, aBaptist Baptism, etc„ butonly"one Baptism"—that belonging to the true religion of Christ Who instituted it—namely, Catholic Baptism. Accordingly, when the Catholic Church receives aconvert into her fold she does not, as amatter of course, submit the candidate to asecond baptismal rite. Ineach case she inquires—as far as may be possible— into the correctnessof any administrationofthisSacramentwhichmayhave preceded, no matter-who or what the minister may have been. Only when examination raises areasonable doubt as to its validity does she repeat the ceremony, and then only aloes so conditionally, saying by the mouth of her priest,"Ifthou artnotbaptised,Ibaptisethee,"etc. Thechief importanceofBaptismlies inits necessity for"entering theKingdom of God"—that is to say,Baptism is necessary for salvation. We will nowexamine in whatsense this statement should be understood.

1.Baptismo4ifnfants—

Infants dying unbaptised can never enjoythesightofGodinHeaven.This doesnotimply that theyarecondemned to Hell; for infants, being incap. able of actual sin—Le., personal sin of theirown—could notdeservesuchpunishment. 'At the same time, seeing that they have not a

ct u

ally received baptism, their souls have never been cleansed from OriginalSin,have never had applied to them the merits of Christ's Atonement on the Cross, by which application alone they corld have regained the right to Heaven, which was forfeited by our First Parentsforthemselvesand theirposterity.

madealive toGodandcapableofunion with Him in Heaven.

In

greaterdetail. Baptism impo

prints aspiritual seal, or character, un the soul of the baptised, and thus supernatural badge marks him off amember of the visible Church of God on earth, and renders him capable of receivingtheothersixSacraments. Moreover, this"character" being for ever indelible, Baptism can be received but once.

Then,ingivingmembershipwith the visible CatholicChurch,italsoconveys the privileges of membership—viz., powertoreceivethegracesoftheother Sacraments. Only the actual receptioin of Baptism has this advantage— Baptism ofdesire hasit not.

2.Baptismcleansesthesoulfrom the stain of Original Sin(andof actualor personal sins as well), and clothes it in"the garmentof justice"—that is to say, with SanctifyingGrace, the grace of"adoption of sons" in relation to God. So far, then, as the recoveryof grace is concerned, thisSacrament undoes the baleful effects ofAdam's fall. But it stillleaves withus avestige of Original Sin in that rebellion of concupiscence from which our First Parentswere created free. We are made only too well aware of this surviving defectfromthedifficultyweexperience in subduing our passions and evil impulses.

3, Baptism, besides wiping off the guilt of sins, also effaces any existing debt of temporal punishment due'for them, provided the recipientretain no latent affection for sin. Some such hankeringafteroneform ofsinor another may easily remain, in spite of substantial conversion.

This complete remission of sin and its penal consequences is peculiar to the Sacrament of Baptism, the latter beingapuremercyofGod,and ,

not,as the Sacrament ofPenance is, an effect of Divine mercy andjustice combined. Hence ttre greater fulness of the pay don. God,whoisrichinmercy,starti

the soul in its supernatural life withoutadrawback,and withan absolutely"clean bill of health," regardless of what sinfulness there may have been in the past.

But if that soul, unmindful of such royal bounty, should wilfully cover itself anew with the deadly leprosy of sin, God's unspeakable mercy in once more healing the disease through Penance becomes tinged with justice for thewrong done, and reasonablymakes cotgi

plete recovery less easy. The penance given by the confessor reminds us of this.

4,In oud introductoryconsiderations wesaw that SanctifyingGracc gaveus aclaim toactual graces or temporary Divine aids in our,various spiritual needs. So is it also withSanctifying Grace that is imparted through the Sacraments.' But the actual helps to whichsacramentalgraceentitlesusdiffer in kind according to the nature and purpose of the particular Sacrament in question.

In the Sacrament of Baptism, therefore, which is designed to infuse'the new life into us for the first time, we aregiven arighttoreceivesuch actual graces as are needful for maintaining that newandsupernaturallife—thatis tosay,forleadingatrulyChristianlife.

TheMinisterofBaptism.

The next question to be considered it: Whois toadministerBaptism?.

As arule apriest, though deacons areoccasionally employed inthisoffice when need occurs.

Notice the differencebetween alawful administration of Baptism and a validone. ABaptismislawfullygivenwhen performedby the proper person. Avalid'Baptismmeansoneperformedin theproperway,andhence— supposing, of course, no hindrance on thesideoftherecipient—producingthe full sacramental effect. Ordinarily, andexceptavhere thereisfearofdeath pnsuingbefore Baptism, thepriest(or deacon) is the only one who can-bap(Continuedon Page 12.)

Shoes and Slippers

MAKETHE YEAR 1945 YOUR YEAR AT

STOTT'SSPECIALISEIN: BUSINESSTRAINING, GENERAL EDUCATION, EXAM. PREPARATION, LANGUAGES.

The Year's Fee (EX) is soon repaid, asagoodpositionisassured when yougraduate.

CLASSES FOR 196 RESUME JANUARY16. ENROLTHEN.

God, therelfore, does noinjustice in refusing Heaven to unbaptised children; forinjustice means theviolation of aright, and no human being can have anatural right to associate with God in eternal happiness. In tear poral affairs, no one can claim aproperty without he own-,

the title-deeds; so no child of Adam can claim the heavenly- inheritance excepthepossess the title-deeds, written in the Precious Bloodofthe Redeemer,tobe acquired onlybymeansofBaptism. Howwickedly reckless, then, are thoseCatholic parents who delay for weeks, perhaps for years, to have their children baptised! By such guilty neglect theyrun the awful risk oftheirhelpless little ones being overtaken by an acci• dent, or some mortal sickness of infancy, ere they have been made the children of God by Baptism, and so exposethem totheeternallossofIfeaven. Howmany poorbabes,alas,are thusdefrauded of the glorious inheritance bought back at so heavy and so divine aprice! Worthyofall praise for their truly Oatholic faith are those good Christian mothers who hardly sufferaday or two topasswithout se. curing so priceless abenefit for their offspring. Theywill notallow exces. sive fears—e.g., lest, perchance, ahealthy baby should take cold in the process—to weigh foronemomentagainst their anxiety to provide foritseternal welfare.

What is the nature of thegrace or supernatural effect produced invisibly in the soul by the Sacrament of Bap. tism?

Established 1903.

Ingeneral it isanewbirth—aspiritual regeneration by which the soul is

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I

J.NEILSON, Optician

S. DANNELL,F.S.M.C.(London), W.A.O.A. OPTOMETRIST, Tel,: B2014. 18 PLAZA ARCADE,PERTH.

BRYANT & WATERS, 80 to90STIRLING ST., PERTH. WOOD & COALMERCHANTS.

Orders Promptly Attended To. 'Phone:BM&

S. BEECROFP —' Butcher

181 Rokeby Road. Subiaco.

Only Prime Fresh Killed(Meat Sold 'Phone W1377.

BUNBURY.

LAND and ESTATE AGRNT, G. H. TEEDE.

'Phone 91 .. .. Private 267 SMITH'S BUILDINGS, WELLINGTONST., BUNBURY. Businesses,Farms,Hoses,Land For Sale.

PATRONISE OUR ADVERTISERS

ALBANY. -

H.C.PriorFuneralDirector

ALBANY (Established 1921). Private Mortuary.MotorVehtalaa, Charges Moderate. 'Phone 216.

Albany,Mt. Barker,Denmarksad Districts, EJ1L(i{OORLIl.

J. W. SHEEHAN, PRIME

Ba 1L

rBIITOHER.

[iANNAN ST., ICALGOORLIi. AIARITANA STREET. Tel.438.............Tel.438

ALEX RODOREDA

Turf Commission Agent 802 HAY STREET.AGENT FOR W.A. CHARITIES. Ring B5841 and 86298.

nmIlluumwumlollillIIIuuiumBillwnmm•uuIlle••• T. VIVIAN, 149 Rokeby-road,Subiaco. W1599. FOR SEWERAGE CONNECTIONS, W1699.

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48MURRAYSTREET. 'PHONES:B3777;B1438 HOTELS—CAFES — TEAROOMS SUPPLIEDBY SPECIAL SERVICE. —MILK —HONEY —BUTTER —BACON — ALLDAIRYPRODUCESUPPLIED.

Patronise Our Advertisers

:m.

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Catholic Girls' Movement

HEADQUARTERS AND CLUB ROOMS:

Bank of N.S.W. Chambers, 85 St: George'sTerrace (near Sherwood Court)—Rooms: 7.10 First Floor.

• CALENDAR.

SOLID PROGRESS MADE BY CHURCHDURINGPASTYEAR

The flourishing condition of the Ca-,. tholic Church in Australia is revealed in the 1945 edition of theAustralasian Catholic Directory issued recently.

The Catholic populationofAustralia is estimated obe 1,217,198, which is served by 2,532 churches in 800 par• isheat.

Wiish to advise their numerous clients that they are carrying on their business in temporary Premises,495 Murray-street. 'Phone B5121. Whilst somelinesare not available, alargerange will be available and increased from day to day.

MONDAY:

Shorthand,5.15 p.m. Liturgy, 8p.m.

TUESDAY: Physical Culture,7•$ p.m. ArtsandCrafts,8p.m. Orchestra, 8p.m. Dramatics,8p.m.

WEDNESDAY: Red Cross—E,S.C., 8p.m. Dressmaking,7p.m, ' Shorthand,5.15 p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS. 8a.m. EXPOSITION. BENEDICTION, 5.13 p.m. Choir, 8p.m.

SATURDAY: Gremlins' Club. 3p.m.

• ATTENTION,GREMLINS!

WehavedecidecJtogotoNorthCot• tesloe beach on Saturday,January 8. Bring your bathers and be at the Rooms by 1,30 p.m.

iCANTEEN SERVICE.

Y.A.L.:

L.B.A.: January 8, 1945.

C.G!11.: January 24, 1945.

TownH$11: December 31, 1944.

PROPAGATION iOF THE FAITH.

The Missionary,feeding the hungry, protecting the orphan, caring for the sick,instructing the pagan, Iniding the faithful, is as influential in deter• mining the kind of world we are to have after the war, as is the diplomat at the conference table. During this war, Faith alone supplies the courage to endure thehardships and sacrifice, and gives apurpose to the Pain ando suffering. When this war ends, leaving its inevitable physical and moral wreckage,only Faith can restore people and order,can heal the spiritual scars. The missions are our investment; our answer to their appeal isour answer to the challenge of the future.

SOIL! BALL.

This is anew activity,and all girls whoareinterested are asked to callin at the Rooms and leave their names. We are waiting on the National Fitness to tell us where and when,vewill play. Joey Maher will be in charge. Only ten girls are needed for ateam, so we ought to be able to get about two or three. Solt ball is ratherlike the famous American game of baseball, only it is not so rough and hard for girls. Don't fot'&t now, any memberiwho is interested is requested to come. -

OIITDOOR ACT1Y1Tiffi.

Listen, all you "outdoor types;" we have organised ariver trip cum barbecue on January 9, at Paint Walter. The boat,plusapiano,leaves the Bar. rack-street jetty at 7.30 p.m., and will arrive at Point Walter at about 9 p.m. We will stay there till 10.30 p.m., and then return home. We are hoping that the girls and their friends from Fremantlewill be able to join us at Point Walter. There will be fires already lighted for you to cook your chops (1), and we also hope to have slavimmtng,if the weather will let us. Tickets are 1/6 each,and are on sale at the Rooms. We will have to limit thenumber to 100,sobelike the early bird and get the best worm,-Imean ticket. Thedate,girls, January9, the place Barrack-street Jetty, the time 7.30 p.m.

By the way,owing to the limit of certain little bits of paper called meat ration coupons, we won'tbe able to

supply you ncith nice juicy steaks, so I'm afraid you will have to bring your own chop, steak,sausage, etc., or any other eats that you fancy. Also don't tell anyone,but we might be able to get cool drinks and ice-cream. So let's all pray that the weather is fine-and that we will all be able to have amarvellous time,

There are 20 Bishops in Austratie proper, one Vicar-Apostolic,and one Abbot Nullius.

Two Bishops were consecrated'during 1944: The Most Rev. P.

J. Lyons,ll.D., Bishop of Christchurch,and the Most Rev. V. Foley,S.M., Vicar— Apos-tolic of the Fiji Islands, The Right Rev, William Van Baar, S.V.D., was appointed Administrator Apostolic of he Vicariate of Eastern New Guinea.

In the Pacific Islands, Portuguese Timor, Dutch East Indies and British Borneo,there are 24 Titular Bishops and Vicars-Apostolic, six PrefectsApostolic, and four Apostolic Adminis•• (rotors.

'there are 1,531 diocesan and 658 4

)rder priests in Australia.

Of those number, 177 priests are on full-time duty with the three branches of the Services,and 37 are performing part-time duties.

The Army has 144 full-time and eightpart-timechaplains; the R.A.A.F, 28 full-time and •

7part-time; and the R.A.N. gve full-time and two parttime. The chaplains are drawn from all Australian dioceses,and include both diocesan and Order priests.

Thirteen priests are listed as prisoners of war. Theyare Rev. Fathers V. Cochrane (Sandhurst), F. X. Corry, O.P., M.

J. Dolan (Rockhampton), T. F. Elliott (Melbourne), J. Kennedy, C.SS.R., L. Marsden,S.M., A. O'Donovan, O.F.M., B.

J.Quirk,O.F.M., B. Rogers, O.F.M., C.Sexton (Sydney), H. A.Smith,S.M., V. Turner,S.J., and P. J. Walsh (Rockhampton).

The number of religious brothers in Australia is 1,267, and there are 10,538 nuns.

In the whole of Australia it is re- t vealed that the Catholic Church maintains 46 hospitals,45 orphanages, and 62 miscellaneous social service institu-r" tions.

Indicative of the range of social service work organised by the Catholic Church is the variety of institutions maintained in the Archdiocese of Sydney.

They include:A home for the aged poor, homes for orphan and destitute boys and girls, Magdalene retreats for delinquent girls, ahospital for nervous and mental diseases df women,ahospice for the rying,schools for deaf, dumb and bind children,and homes for foundlings.

In the field of education,figures for early.1944show thattherewere206,731 children being educated in 1,1622Catholic schools and 413 secondary colleges. They include 124,416'primary and 39,444 secondary pupils.

It isstated that there are22 ecclesiastical colleges in Australia,training 676seminarists. Thereare 15training t colleges and two University colleges.

In Australia,one Bishop (Most Rev. Francis Wolf, S.V,D., D.D.), who was killed in the Northern Australian war zone), and at least 20 priests, died during 1944.

Eight members of the Australian clergy were appointed Domestic Prelates during 1944. All of the priests ohonoured belonged to dioceses outside N.S.W.

Second Fall of Warsaw

How Political Animosity Produced a. Military Tragedy

OnMonday,October2, thelastshots were firedby the Polish insurgents ut Warsaw. Soended the most tragic tight ofthis war. Itstarted onAugust 1, when the thunder of Russian gunsshookthewallsofthePolishcapital. The Russians were approaching Warsawand,asMarshal Stalin told11. .%iikolajczyk, they expected to capture it by August6. Accusationsthat the rising was"premature" are, therefore, Qalse. The real tragedy of the rising was that it had not been prepared in co-ordination with the Soviet Con, mand. Only the Soviet military a' thorities would have been able io fit the insurrection into the general pattern of thecampaign in Poland, and, jwhile givingeffective assistance to the l

msluagents, to draw the maximum strategicbenefit frCm the battle.'Ih. this co-ordination was lacking wascertainly not the fault of any particular Polishcommander. It was the di. result of the suspended relations be*c, it

the Polish and' Soviet Governments.

q. The political situation produced a military tragedy. liven so, therising might have succeeded had the Russians not suffered asevere setback at the gates of Warsaw in the first days of)Augtist. Their reverse resulted in aPolish Arnhem, which was themore tragic because it lasted not ten, but sixty-three days, because it entailed unspeakable sufferings'for more than `a million civilians, and in the words ofthecommunique from Hitler'sheadquarters,"It led to the total destruction of the capital." In August and September the main Russian force to the eastofWarsaw was unable to fin up with the Poles, who virtuallyacted as itsvanguard in Warsaw. Onlyby aircouldany assistance be despatched to the insurgents to enable them to holdoutuntilthe Russianswereready for thefinal assault. From the west the assistance was given relativehearly. But it was hampered by had weather and by longdistances; and it couldnotbeadequate. Fromtheeast no help was given until the middle of September, by which time the insurgents had already lost most of their vantage points inside the city. -

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Meanwhile, an inexplicable dispute arose between the Allies over the question of landing facilities. The Americans were ready to fly substantial help to Warsaw provided they Lou... land on Soviet airfields to the east of the capital. Inexcusably, the Russians first refused, and then, very late in the day, rescinded the first decision. All these delays cannot but have worsened the chances of the insurgents who were,.in any case, fighting against very heavy odds. '1m at every stage the political divergencies between the Allies deepened the tragedyofthePoles. This isthegrave warning which must be drown from the second fall ofWarsaw in the sixth year of the war.

The Warsaw insurrection has clearly demonstrated the extent to which the Polish political parties in the Mikolajczyk Governrte'nt genuinely represented theirpeople.It has also shown how little political influence is exercised by the Soviet-sponsored \atiuna Committee. The insurgents of Warsaw have sealed their allegiance to theirGovernmentwiththeirownblood.

The rising was not confined to small military groups. Broad masses of the people weredrawn into it. The Committee,on theother hand, was so surprised by the rising that at firs even denied that fighting was taking place in Warsaw.

It is surelyobvious that these facts have one lesson and one only for the Russians. Iftheyreally,want agenu. ine agreement with the Polish people, they must reconsidertheir attitude towards the Polish Government. But will this conclusion be drawn?

During the rising acrisis among the Poles in London led to the dismissal of General Sosnkowski, the former Commander-inChief, notorious for his opposition to reconciliation with Russia. The Polish President at last acquiesced in the General's departure.

At the same time, he has not pressed his former demands that the extreme Nationalist should enter M. Mikolajczyk's Government. Thus, on the Polish side, aserious effort has been made to remove the genuine obstacles to apolicy ofagreement wits Russia. Yet to thesurpriseofeverybody,these conciliatory steps met an unworthy and obstructive reply. Various members of the Soviet-sponsored Committee of Liberation chose the occasion to launch avituperative attack upon the Polish Government and upon the newly-appointed Polish Commander-inChief, the commander of the rising in Warsaw,General Bor-Komorowski.The General was again branded as a "criminal," and the Chairman of the Committee, rI. Morawski, threatened him with court-martial.

The Leadersof the Committee have apparentlytakennonotice of thejoint British and American statement in which both Allied Governments recog. nised General Bor's Army as acombatant force, protected by the Allies. Does the Soviet Government endorse these threats? If so, then the result may be that an Allied Power will violate those combatant rightsawhich the enemv has been categorically warned to respect. There is only one conclusion to thismelancholy history.Either the Russians will very rightly repudiate the despicableconductof theCommittee of Liberation, or their own recordwillbesocompromisedthatadangerous wedge may be driven into Allied unity. Germany is not yet finalh• defeated. The war may possible dragonforanother winter. Can any Allied Power be interested in risking adeep cleavage in the Allied camp in such critical days?—"The Economist," London, October 7, 1944.

The Lynn.Scholarship

Two Scholarships For 1945

ApplieationsCloseJanuary22,1846.

The Trustees of the Lynn Scholarship announce that it is now possible to give two Scholarships for 1945, in addition, the period ofScholarship differstothatwhichpreviouslyruled.The Scholarships will now be tenable for two years at aregistered Secondary School.

Applications for Scholarships will close on Monday, January 22, 1945, and should be sent to the Secretary, Mr. P. R. Jackson, Catholic Church Offices,Victoria Square. Applicants should observe the following conditions:-

1. Candidates must pass the Junior Examination.

2. The application must be accomponied by the report of the Head of the School, and muststate:

(a) Subjects presented; subjects passed in junior.

(b) Resume of applicant's record in school, conduct and sport.

(c) The followingdetails regarding family and family income:

1. Father's occupation and salary, ormother'sincome,iffatheris dead.

2. Numberofchildreninfamily.

(3) Number of children earning, and amount ofwageearnedby each child.

4. Number of children at school. (Failure to supply this information will disqualify the candidate.)

3. Applications shouldbe accompanied by acertificate of birth. Candi(late must not have completed his sixteenth year onthe dayhe sits for the Junior Examination.

4. A stamped, addressed envelope

must accompany the application, for thereturn of the certificateof birth.

The Lynn Scholarship isopentoCa. tholic boys attending any Catholic schoolintheArchdioceseofPerth.The Scholarship, which may be taken' out at any recognised Secondary School, provides for the payment of£25 per annum for two years, ifthe successful candidate elects to be aday pupil. If he wishes to board, then the amount of£50 per annum will be paid. The Trustees wish to remind those intending to apply that they should obtain the Headmaster's letter, as it is essen. tial that the application be accompanied by this letter. Candidates have experienced difficulty inthe past in obtaining such letters owing to the ahsenceofthe Headmasteronholidays. Immediate application to headmasters should therefore be made. The Lynn Scholarship cannot be held by aboy who holds any other scholarship, exhibition or bursary.

The Trustees will me-ton Tuesday, January 23, 1915, and their decision shall be final. These Trustees are: Very Rev.-J. T. McMahon; D.PL„ M.A.(Chairman); Very Rev.A. Kelly, S.J.; Rev.J.Murphy,B.A.,L.Ph.; Rev. Brother W. V Green, and Mr. P. R. Jackson, J.P.(Secretary).

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(Continuedfrom Page9.)' tise lawfully,and it is sinful for alay persontotakehisplace. Butanylay person whatever, child or adult(who hastheuseofreason),can baptisevalidly, and, given sufficiently urgent necessity, would also baptise lawfully. Thus,ifalittlegirlofnineorten,who has learntat her convent school how Baptismisgiven,goesprivately tothe cotofhernewly-bornbabybrotherand administers the rite to him correctly, -her Baptism is asgood and true asa priest's; andshouldshebeabletoconvince the priest afterwards that she did it all rightly, he would decline to

repeat the rite, evenconditionally. But the child would be dong wrong, sup. posing no urgency to exist: her Baptism would be unlawful, The words "any lay person whatever" are to be taken literally. Thelayministerneed not be aCatholic, nor a Christian even. It is not necessary even that heorsheshouldbelieveintherite.The only thingneededis that the Baptism should be seriously meant, and not donebywayofaprofanejokeormockery. In other words, the person bap tising must at least intend to go through the rite vAich Christians call Baptism, though not attaching any spiritualvalue toit. Thus an Indian avahmightbaptiseadyingbabyknow-

Self9upporting, their parents' responsibility is over--our Emplayment Service takes care of any future changes.'

ing that her Christian mistress, its dying mother, would wish it.

The Way to 214tise.

It is of the very highest importance that every Catholic should have clear notionsof whatis necessary forgiving atrue Baptism. One never knows whenanopportunitymayoccurofsuccouring some soul in need df-baptismal regeneration. This applies most especially to nurses, whether domestic ones, or professional sick-nurses and midwives. They may often have the salvation of dying infants, or others, in their hands, and exact knowledge 'of the essentials for Baptism will en. able themto doaatrulyapostolicwork.

Theone thingnecessaryiscontained in the followingdirection:

Pourwateron the child'sbare fore. head at some time during your recital of the following words: "I baptise thee, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." Ofcourse, Baptismbyimmension—i.e., by dipping orbathing the candidate wholly in water--is quite avalid process—that is to say, as'farastheway ofapplying the water is concerned— but, in the Latin portion of the Church, Baptism by infusion, or pour ing, is the wap prescribed, and must beadheredto,exceptinanurgentcase ofnecessity.

To prevent mistakes, let us go more into details. dividing the matter up into three points:(1) The Water and its Use;(2) the Wordsand theirUse: (3) the ,

combination of Water and Words together.

TheWater:Theliquidmustbewhat the common sense of men accounts natural water—e.g., spring-water, rainwater,meltediceorsnow,-sea-water,or evenwatermixed with aslight quantity of some foreign substance—e.g., muddy water in apuddle or ditch by the roadside, waterthat hasbeenused torinseoutateapotand thelike.

For perfect safety, the rightapplication ofthe water isasfollows:itis to be poured upon the skin of the forehead, andnot on the hair. Should it be impossible at the time—e.g., from condition of birth—to baptiseon -

the head, some other notable portion of the body must be chosen—e.g., the breast or shoulders: and if this be done, the Baptism should, if possible, be repeated conditionally on the fore. head,since the value df theothermethod of administrationisnotabsolutely sure.

The water used should be poured freely—i.e., not merely sprinkled, nor shoulditbeappliedbymerelymaking asign of the Cross with one's fingertipmoistened with water. There is a reason for this. Sacramental rites are "outwardsigns"ofthe"inwardgraces" which they confer. Now, the inward grace conferred byBaptism isawashing(from sin), and thiscleansingprocess is not sufficiently figured unless thewatermove orflowupon theflesh ofthe baptised.Itisclearthatneither the said sprinkling, nor signings with water, as above described, secures a flowofwater.

TheWorth: The wgrds as given above should bemostliterallyadhered to. Foralthough somepossible modi. fication of them would not impair the worth df the Sacrament, safety de. mands that not the slightest change should be made.

It will be noticed that, in the formula of words, Ihave left out the nametobegiven tothebaptised. Its insertion is not essential, but ifgiven, itshouldbe placed immediatelybefore the three words: "I baptise thee." Thus: "John), Ibaptise thee-in the nameofthe Father,"etc. No "Amen" need be added at the end.

As tothe use of the words prescrib. ed, these should be distinctly pro. nounced. not merely thought, though it is not necessary for validity that they should be clearly audible to bystanders.

CombinationofWater and Words: The pouring of the water and the utterance ofthe words mustgo together and not follow one another. But, as alreadystated,the waterneednotflow all the time that the words are heing pronounced. It is enough that it be pouredatsomepointofthe'pronotmcement.

THANKS.

+ DEATHS ►Ti

LANGAN.—OnDecember 11,1944,sud. denly,athislateresidence, 41Northroad, Bassendean, Patrick, dearlybeloved husband of Margaret Isabelle, and father of Eileen, Rita, Sheila (Mrs. O'Driscoll, Grass Valley), and John (A.I.FJ,father-in-law of James and lovedgrandfatherof Leonie and John; in his 76th. year. Interred privately in the Catholic portion of Karrakatta Cemetery, on December 12,Rev.Dr.F.L.Kearnanofficiating. RestinPeace.

TRAINOR.--Sacred to the memory of BernardJosephTrainor, whodeparted this life December 17, 1944.Awonderfulfather,afinegentleman. Eternalrestgrantuntohim,OLord, and mayperpetual light shine upon him. Mayhissoulrest in peace. MyDad.

—Inserted by his sorrowing son, Reg.

YARDLEY.AtSt,John of God Hospital,Bunbury,onDecember17,1944, Mary Elizabeth, late of Spencerstreet, South Bunbury, dearly beloved wife of Frank, loved mother of Norma and Peter,'fond step-mother of Carmel (Mrs. A. Aitken, Armadale), Mida(Mrs. A. Crombie, Bunbury).

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercyon hetsoul.

YARDLEY.—AtSt.John ofGod Hospital,Bunbury,onDecember17,1944, Mary Elizabeth, late of Spencerstreet, South Bunbury, dearly belov. ed daughter of Mrs. and the late T. L-

.Hastie, of Fielder-street, South Bunbury, beloved sister of Margaret .%Its. J. Delaney, Coburg), Ellen (Mrs. J. O'Donnell, Sydney), Catherine(Mrs.C.Owen, Bunbury), Agnes (Mrs. A. Shee$y, Armadale), Tom Narrogin), Theresa(Mrs. R. Lanni-' gan, Bunbury),Bernard (Armadale), fond sister-in-lawof Mary and Bob.

Eternal restgrant unto her, 0Lord.

►Z+ IN MEMORIAM .+

KEATING.—In lovingmemory of my dear(wife, Margaret, who passed away at Brighton, Victoria, on December30,1932.

O, Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on hersoul.

—Inserted by her affectionate husband and family.

MULLINS.—Of your charity, pray - forthereposeofthesoulofWinifred Agnes Mullins, who died December 29,.1%0. R.I.P.

—Inserted by her sorrowing husband, daughter Eileen, son-in-law Terence, andgrandson Mervyn.

O'DRISOOLL.—Of your charity, pray for the soul of our dear mother, Mary Ann, whose anniversary occurredonDecember31.

O Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

—Inserted by her loving family.

POWER.—Of your charity, pray for the happy repose of the soul of the Rev. BrotherPower, tvho died January 7, 1944,

—Inserted by his loving sister, Mary (Mrs.Gumley), Lyell andfamily.

SCANLAN.—In loving memory of our dear husband and father, Patrick Scanlan, who died on January 2, 1944.

\layhissoul rest in peace.

—Insertedby his wife and son.

F.C.T.S„F.F.T., Comm,, Principal.

Nits, Ilenry Beresford-Murray wishes toTHANK the Sisters of St.John of God Hospital. Subiaco, for their untir. ing attention during her illness, t

CENTRALCATHOLIC LIBRARY- 36 PIER STREET,PERTH

By "LAURI."

0happy reader! having for thy text

The magic book, whose Sibylline leaves have caught

The rarest essence of all human thought! —Longfellow.

'-410YS AND-GIRLS,—

I We are pleased to see you all coming along to join us for the holiday period—and many of you for the whole year: Holiday time is reading time. As well as the old, old favourices, we have included ahost of new and up to the minute stories. This i weekalongcamebrandnewcopiesof—

"My Friend Flicks" and Tschiffley's "TaleofTwoHorses." Thesewill de. light children who love books about animals. "TheCat-Eyed Patrol" is made to order for the boy who loves an R.A.F. thriller. A "topping" tale is"Joey and the Greenwings"—it's different! And, afast-moving West; -ern by Ranger Lee—"Just Dusty." How would you like to have an uncle who died and left you—An Orphan"age? Well, read "The School at Emery's .End." There are books written about children of other coun. tries,refugees,for instance. "AGang ofTen" is made up of' little people from.many lands, and "Wren Helen Sails South" is chock full of thrills. "The Quest of the Luck," afine tale for boys; it's all about other boys on holidays. War work on afarm, Gypsies, and alovely country setting give 'Fatteran Patrol" plenty of colour.

Ofcourse therearealwaysthenevergrow-old books, like"Black Beauty," 'WillontheFloss," Rudyard Kipling's "Sim,' and "Captain Courageous," etc., etc. And for thevery"good people." you mayread any of the booksof the adult section, such as "The Little Flower," or any other of the Saint's Lives. Just tell the Librarian what you want and she'll fix you up, Hete'swishing you all lots of fun thisholiday,andwewouldlikeyouto tell us about any books which you think we should have in our Juvenile section.

New Additions to the Senior Library

Include:

"The Screwtape Letters":

A copy of C. S. Lewis's brilliant book was received this week. London critics describe it as "witty and profound," hard-hitting. challenging, provoking...." It is amostoriginal told-in-letters book, and avery suitable one for our Catholic readers. These letters to"Wormwood" are a brilliant and interesting way of presenting Christian teaching.

AMonthinSummer":

t "Power's Court; in County Wickt

,ow, is the setting. It is another of the very readable and entertaining books by John Lindsey, whohaswritin many comediesof Irish countrylife. Ideal for the holiday reader.

]Became aSubscriber to Your Catholic Library.,. NOWI

Latest Numbers of the National pbical Magazine are to band. New subscribers, remember .. . just ftake one when changing your books, no charge. Children will enjoy them also.

ChristmasisOver...butthere'salways abirthday coming along. A new and suitable selection of books for everyday reading has been added to book section. Call or enquire by letter.

We represent—THE BEST IN BOOESI

TheThree -

Caskets

While her little Son looked on, Mother Mary blest, Airedherhouseholdlinensin Thesmall cedarchest.

Scant her store was, yet beneath Linens bleached to snow Were three caskets thatthekings Broughtfiveyearsago.

These the Christ-Child wondering saw, Took them up andcried, "Open, Mother, till Isee Whatishidinside."

In the first was minted gold, And afiery gem Taken by astar-led king From his diadem.

"Mother, did this little star Fall down from the sky!'" (Ali[ the Christmas Starwhose blaze Dimmedthegalaxy).

"Nay butthreekingscamewhenThou Wert but twelvedays old, Bearinggifts,and thefirstgave Thee this gemandgold.

Frankincense the second held—" Said she,"offeringmeet For Thee Who forever art Priest, my Jesus sweet."

At thethirdshepaused anddrew Him more close to her, From it, faintly-fragrant, came The sad scent of myrrh.

Forebodings of briefs to be Shook her soul with dread: "Myrrh this king brought which in tears We strew on thedead."

With the coins Heplayedand smiled At their clinking sound; On His rose-leaf the gem Glowed red as awound.

Playmateshailed Ilim atthedoor And Ile hurried thence, While she gazed on gem and gold Myrrh and frankincense.

Fast came memories of His Birth, Singing angel bands, Kingsandshepherds,flightinfear Over desert sands.

She recalled grave Simeon's words Ofapiercingsword. Long she prayed ere she again The three casketsstored.

Gift had she, transcending those Ofcrowned worshippers, As shesangherGodtosleep, His Hand fast in hers. —F.MacCarry.

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Willie wasdoing penance in the corner. Presently he was heard to say: "I can't help it if I'm not perfect. I never heard of more than one perfect boy, anyway."

"Who was that?" asked his mother, thinking to point amoral. '

"Papa," came the reply, "when he was little."

* * *

Theeldestson had been out ofwork for three years, and the fact did not appear to distress him. Thetoilworn father met an old friend one day who inquiredabouttheeasy-going offspring, Not had ajob for three years?" gasped the friend. "That's a long time! What is his trade?"

"He reckons to be awoodworker," sighed the father,"and I think he would work if somebody wasn't keeping him!"

The blacksmith's sweetheart entered the forgejustashe paused to wipe the perspiration from his brow.

"Shall wegotothe pictures to-night, Jake?-" she asked.

"Nay, lass," he replied, "I'm playing darts for the club."

"I'm tired of you and your silly darts."

"Come, come," pleaded the blacksmith, picking up the heavy hammier, "a man must get exercise sometimes." * * •

It was the last match of the season, and the captainof the home team was keen on winning it. So he took the local man who was to referee to one side and sid solemnly:

"All Iwant you to do is just your plain duty. Be honest and fair in your decisions—only, mark my words. On the northof the ground there'sthe hospital, on the east a nursing-home, and on the west acemetery, and on the south aduckpond.

"I need only mention, my friend," he added, with ameaning look,"that we've never lost ahome match yet."

*

* r

The cautious player had been in for nearly half an hour without scoring a run, and thefielders were beginning to get annoyed. His gentle play at last grew so pronounced that they dozed within afew feetof him,waiting eagerly for the catch.

The light began to fail. It was essential that his wicket should fall be. fore the time came to draw stumps. Closer and closer came the fielders until there was barely room for the batsman to raise his bat.

Suddenly athin, piping voice was heard from amongst the spectators.

"Look out, Bill," it said."Mind you don'tgetyourpocketpicked."

An Orientalstorytellsofamanwho was asked to lend arope to aneighbour. His reply was that he was in need of the rope just then.

"Shall you need it algng time?" asked the neighbour.

"I think Ishall," replied the owner, "as I'm going to tie up some sand with it."

"Tie up sand "exclaimed the wouldbe borrower. "Idon't see how you can do thatl"

"Oh, you can do almost anything with arope when you don'twant to lend it!" was the reply.

Bill's wife could not understand why her husband suddenly started calling her "my cherub," and at last questioned him on the subject.

"Well, it's like this," he explained, "you-never seem to have any money, nor any clothes,; you're always up in the air,andyoukeeponharping."

Two variety entertainers sought em. ployment in one of London's leading theatres. The manager inquired the length of their act.

The pair hadn't had an'act for a month of Sundays,and didn't know iust what to say; but being resource• ful, replied,"Twenty-five minutes."

"Tiwenty-five minutels," exclaimed themanager. "Oursis alongbill. I can't give you twenty-five minutes. I suggest that you go on for eight minutes."

The performersstared at him aghast.

"Eight minutesl" thev screamed. "Whv we bow for seven minutes!"

After trying in vain to get ahouse, Brown set out one morning with a find-a-house-or-die look on his face. He wandered about all day without being successful,till at last his steps led him to the river.

"Ahl" he said, in utter despair, "how tempting it -

looksl"

Suddenly he heard a splash, and looking round,he sawhis friend Green struggling in the water. Without attempting to savehim,he rushed off to the local house agent.

"Q;' he gasped. "Green has fallenuick

in the river, Can Ihave his house?" -

"Sorry, sir," said the house agent. "I've already let it to the man whd pushed him in." * r r •

"What qualifications are required to make asuccessful card player?" asked Mrs. Bridger, casually.

"Well, it's hard to say," replied her husband, thoughtfully. "Aman must be cool, calculating, crafty, cunning, and have atouch of meanness in his disposition."

"Oh, John!" exclaimed his wife. "Surely you wouldn't like to play cards with such people!"

"That's all right," the husband answered, proudly. "I nearly always win."

The major and the colonel were walking down the main road outside a big camp, and each time the colonel returned the salute of a private he muttered to himself:"Same to you."

After hearing him repeat this phrase several times, the major became curious. V

"Why do you always mutter 'same to you after each salute?" he asked.

"I was aprivate once myself," the colonel answered. "Iknow what the lads are thinking."

f

* •

r

"Roy," she thundered,as she came upon an unopened bottle of whisky while unpacking for a week-end's camping, "what'sthemeaningof this?"

"That's all right, my dear—brought it along to stick acandle in when it'sempty." * r •

r

Thegreat drawatthe showwas the "Bearded Lady." Awoman pushed and struggled through the throng, and one man asked in tones of anger: "Whatrighthaveyou,madam,to push us aside?"

"I've every right,mister—I'm his wife." ' • • * •

When the inspecting general came on parade, the battalion did its best to smarten up,but the attempt was a poor one,

"The men look halfasleep," snapped the General,"and it's only mid-day. What is wrong?"

"Well, sir, they're been standing on parade for some time," replied the colonel.

"What d'you mean? My or

ders were clear. Parade at mid-day on Tuesday."

"Iknolw,sir, but thisisWednesday," said the Colonel.

An Englishman,on holidays in Scotland, stopped the night at a small country hotel. When he went tobed he puts his boots outside the bedroom door to be cleaned.

In the morning, however, he found that the boots had not been touche-' Indignantly he summoned the landlord. Look here, my man," he demanded, "whv do you suppose Iput my boots outside the door?"

"Sure." came the landlord's reply, "an' Ihaven'tan idea. {] n

less—beggin' your honour's,pardon—you was drunk."

The stone deaf client entered the restaurant. The waiter went up to him with asanctimonious smile, and bent dom•nas'ifasking what the client required.

Waiter:-"Now, you deaf old badger, what is the idea ofcoming to lunch at 2o'clock? Why] didn't.you come earlier?"

Client (shaking his head): "Icouldnot manage it. Ihad to go to the doctor to have my deafness cured."

Dear Cornerites,—Well, have yuu quite recovered from the great shock, we all received when we announced the"takings' for the year of 1944? I must admit that your Aunt Bessy is still pleasurably excited. Ihad no idea we were going to have such a wonderfully successful year, and the thanks of thousands of little children will, Ihope, repay all those who have helped so rnuch.towardsthe Objective.

And now, children, anew year is aheadofus. Perhapsitfvouldbejust as well to begin it with a fervent prayer thatit may seetheendof this dreadful war, Andpleaseaddawish that 1945 may be asbright ayear for the Bushies as the one just past.

AUNT BESSY.

New Norcia.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I hope you and the Bushies are well. No doubt you must have thought Ihad forgotten you, but Iforgot about the card, as it was the time of the.French exam However, Ishall rememberyou in-the -future. Three-of my cousins came back from aBushie School today ; New Norcia isveryquiet now the collegesareclosed,anditisalovelyplace to spend aholiday. Iam enclosing the prick cardand5s.postal note. I wish you and the Bushies a happy ChristmasandaprosperousNewYear.

—Your loving niece, ,

BERNADETTE THOMPSON.

Dear Bernadette,—Iwill admit I did think that you tied forgotten all about me. But your substantial excuseabouttheFrenchexam.earnsyou apardon. (Howdidyougetonwith the exam., anyway?) Iexpect the boysand girlsfrom thecollegeswould make agreat difference to the town. It will seem like another place until theycome back, won'tit! But Ihave often heard it said that New Norcia is an ideal place for aholiday.

AUNT BESSY.

15a King-street, Boulder.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am enclosing prickcardand2/6P.N. Wishing you andtheBushiesameryChristmasand a happy New Year.—Your loving niece, NORA.

Dear Nora,—Thank you for filling the prickcard forme. Iwould have liked you tohavewritten alittle

longerletter,Nora, butIadmityour short note wasdefinitelybetterthannothing at all. Write me alonger one next time.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find en• closed postal notes to the value of IN,, for the Bushies' fund. Please say alittle prayer for me, for Iam very ill. LILYDALE.

Dear Lilydale,—I am ever so pleas• ed to hear from you again, but it grieves me greatly to learn that you areill. IwillasktheBusbiestopray for you, and may you recover soon.

AUNT BESSY, Jarrandale.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I am wondering if you received apostal note for 10s. andaboxofstamps, which were posted about ten days ago. As they do not appear in this week's "Record," and Iknow you always acknowledge such, Ithought perhaps they may !havegone astray in the rushof Christmar mail.—Yours sincerely, EILEEN E. HANRAHAN.

Lemonade Bottle

ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS

AFriend..............

M.L.C...........

Lilydale

.... ....

••

•• ..

....

La Trinite............

Bernadette Thompson ..

Hilary Anne .. .. .. .. ..

T. A. Chidlow..........

Noreen Hunt ..

Well-Wisher

............

Peter Row•les....

Dear Eileen,—Perhaps your letter must have been held up for alittle while, because Idid -

not receive it until last week, when Iacknowledged it straight away. Iexpect we will have to blame the Christmas mail fush, but that is understandable at this time, isn't it? Thank you once more.

AUNT BESSY. *

Swanbourne.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find 2/6 for the Bushies. From A WELL-WISHER.

Dear Well-Wisher,—Thank you very much, and we wish you well too. I do hope we mill be able to keep up our standard for 1945, and I'm still elatedover the outstanding success of this year's fund.

AUNT BESSY.

97Canning Highway, South Perth.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I hope you and all the Bushies are well. Will you pleasesendmeaprick card andIwill try and fill it. Iarri sorry Ihave not written before, but we broke up last Friday,andIwill have more time towritetoyounow. Iamsendinga postal note for five shillings for the Lemonade Bottle. Iwill close now. Wishingyou and the Bushies amerry Christmas.—Yours truly, HILARY ANNE.

DearHilaryAnne,—Itwasverykind ofyoutosend theLemonade Bottle a five-shilling postal note. He is very pleased about it. He told me to be sureandpostyou

aprickcardstraight away,so you will probably getitlong before you read this. I hope you have alovely holiday, Hilary Anne. AUNT BESSY.

5Fifth Avenue, Bassendean.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I hope you and the Bushies are well? Will you please sendmeaprickcard, andIwilltryto fill itas soon as Ican. My name is Pat. This is my first letter to you. Ihaveabrother and tnvo sisters. My sisters' names are Maureen and Kath• leen-, my brother's name is Michael. Iwill close—Your would-be niece, .PATRICIADOOLEY.

DearPatricia,--Certainly Iwill send you aprick card, and you may have themerit offilling the first prick card to be sent out in 1945. Iam very pleased to hear from you, Pat., and perhaps one of these days yoursisters and brother will write to me too.

AUNT BESSY. * *

Duke-street,Northam.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find postal note for two shillings and sixpence for the Lemonade Bottle. Everybestwish forthe f00,andfora happy Christmas.—T. A. CHIDLOW,

Dear T. A.,—Thanks ever so much for your kind donation. Iam sorry Iam alittle late in answering your letter, but "Christmas rush" must be myonly excuse. May your newyear be as prosperous as Ihope the Bushies' willbe.

AUNT

BESSY.

Northam.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find enclosed two and six, for the Infant Jesus. Please say aprayer for me. WishingdearAuntBessyaveryhappy and Holy Christmas and amost prosperous New Year,—Yours truly, PETER ROWLES.

Dear Peter,—Thank you very much. I'msogladtohear fromanothermember of the family. Iwish you the best of luck in the new year.

AUNTBESSY.

Boulder.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed please find 15%. P.N. for the Busbies, in hon. ourofSt. Teresa,"The Little Flower;' for favours received. Wishing you the compliments of the season.—Yours sincerely, M. L. C.

Dear M. L. C.,—Iam very grateful for your gift to the Bushies, andmay "The Little Flower" watch over you inthe future also.

AUNT BESSY.

Geraldton.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find enclosed 5s. for the Bushies, as athank offering toSt.Anthony, forfavoursreceived, the recovery of lost articles.— Yours sincerely, BILL B.

Dear Bill B.,—The Bushies are very gratefulfor thedonation,and I'm sure your kindnesswill ensure thatSt. An thony will keep hiseyeon youin the future, AUNTBESSY. * * *

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Please find en closed E2, in honour of the Little In. fant and St. Anthony. It will help inasmall way towardsthe f200. I wouldbegratefulif theBushies would pray for avery special intention for me. Wishingyouthecompliments of the season, and trusting that during the year 1945 you will receive many

r generous donations to help on your great work.—Sincerely yours,

AFRIEND.

Dear Friend,—Thank youl You are afriend indeed. Your generosity en bles us toget off with aflying start for1945. Iam sure that the Bushieswould notdreamofneglecting to say aprayer for such a generous donor as yourself.

AUNT BESSY.

STURMER AND SON,(LateHellion's), BAKM .

90 JOHN STREET, NORT2" FREMANTLE. (Tel.2739.)

Prim Winners Royal Show. DeliveriesThroughout !''mantle. P.

QUALITY BUTCHER, 50 Hampton Road, Beaconsfield 'PHONE L2492. FOR PRIKEIST QUALITT MUT.. YOUR RECOMMENDATION APPRECIATED.

C CONSULTING CHEMIST. 197 BRISBANE STREET PERTH. Prescriptions Carefully andAccurately Dispensed Complete Stocks of PatentMedicines. Country Ordenat City Prices. Thous B7M.

I.

ee. Christian

By MARY CARDWELL,M.D.

Amidst the clamours from high places concerning postwar reconstruction, there is adanger lest other problemsare notgiventhedue consideration which justice, citizenship and Christianity would demand. One of themost urgentisthereplacinginemplopment of war-disabled men.

Limbless men, as also the blind, are more readily offered employment than are those who have been discharged because of less spectacular disabilities duodenal and gastric ulcer,partial deafness, chronic bronchitis,heartconditions, affections of the spine,deformities of the feet and hands, nerve paralysis (especially of the fingers) and disorders of the nervous system comonly spoken of as psychoneurosis and known in theGreatWar as shell. shock.

Justice urgently demands that em.ployment be found for these men, many of them young, most of them with growing families—all of them men who have received their ill-health by their ungraudging war service for the rest of us. They are all willing towork,butthere are notthenumber of employers willing to take them on under conditions adjusted to theirdisability. These men,left unemployed, eventuallydeterioratein dress,appearance and disposition,and slowly but surely they fasten on to the ranks of the unemployed.

They do not need treatment by psychiatry but by work to restore their copfidence and self-respect, but work

is just what no one will give them.

What is the solution?

Itis that both State and employer should be prepared to adjust the job to the man and honestly to seek to findthedisabledmanthetypeofwork for which he is fitted. Often this meanslighterwork thanthatwhichbe formerly did, but it may be that the light work will only be needed for a short period until his muscles work fully again or until his system is stronger.

Investigation has shown that "the accident proneness of physically-handicapped workers is less than that of normal workers by reason of girter care when working;" and it has -

been proved that "the handicapped are among the most productive,efficient andreliableemployeesinindustry."

ForCatholics,apart from the material angle, there must be the added viewpoint of these men as fellow-children ofGod, each of whom "has the right in strict justice tolead aproper human life, and that does not mean non-starvation merely" (Father Martindale, S.J., in "The Wounded World"). Itmeans theabilitytomaintainhimself and his family on the ac. cepted level of others of his social class. Itmeans the comforting assur. ance that his disablement is regarded as an essential burden of his fellows and of his community as well as of himself, and it means that he is free from the ever-present dread of unemployment with all itsbaneful consequences.

For Catholic employers,considera. tion of the disabled means the practical carrying out of"Rerum Novarum" and "Quadragesima Anno," those wonderful epistles of Pope Leo XIII, and PopePiusXI. onsocial justice: No one can rightly call himself aCatholic whodoes not constant. ly associate rwith his own needs the needsof those who work with and for him, and even of thosewho are mere.

WAITED TO BUT:Stoves, Wood 8m;PlainandOldRoofIron,Ooppess. Heaters.Best Priem. ]LingBS>IFI.

Justice

ly knowntohimas;fellow-citizens, who have rightful demands upon thosebet. ter off than themselves.

Chief,Problem,

'"The chief problem," wrote Father Martindale,"is to obtain the cooperation of the employer. It is for the Government to establish the prin. ciple that the total disability must be distributed fairly throughout the industry of the country."

Itavill be reasonably argued that "the country isgoingto be faced with severe competition in the world, and thismeansasmuch productionaspossible, long hours,etc., and {educed wages. How then are employers to handicap themselves with disabled; workmen."

Even supposing this to be wholly true, is there to be no remembrance that these disabled men have by their sacrificesenabled employers tobeable even to consider are-entry into the post-war world of trade?

In anarticle in the"British -

Journal of Physical Medicine," by Dr. W. A. Steel, it is stated that"Vauxhall Motors and the Austin Motor Co., Ltd., haveeachrecently inauguratedspecial schemes for the employment of semiincapacitated persons.. Aspecial survey has been made by the Vaux. hall Welfore Committee,and action has beentaken tolook afterallclasses of incapacitated or ailing employees who require light work, either temporarily or permanently,and to see that everything possible is done for them."

DangerofExploitation.

What some are doing,others also can attempt,and the effort toresettle the disabled ex-Serviceman should haveaspecial place in the schemesof Catholic employers. In doing this, theymustbe on thelook outfor, and set thesir faces against,any sign of firms exploiting such workers,as hap. pened after the last war,under the guise of offering work to the needy. Thework wasthere,the applicanteras employed, but the wage was often grossly unjust.

The world hums to-day with the word "rehabilitation,"whichisthesurgical attempttorestorefunctiontodevitalised and crippled minds and bodies,but if this end is tobeattain. ed, then light and graded work must be available. But this will not be possibleunlessGreatBritain is educated to understand the importance of this form of treatment so that cooperation will be obtainable from all bodies and authorities affected.

Encouragement,Confidened,

But the type of light work now offered is often menial in character. To acraftsman or skilled workman such work isdegrading. He wishes above alltoreturntohisoldoccupation,and take his place on level terms with his oldcomrades. Heneeds confidencein himself, and this can be gained only by being encouraged to try and regain for himself the ability to undertake his oldwork.

The manwith physique impairedby war service does not want pity or seek sympathy. -He just wants the chance to prove that,with suitable adjustments,hecan doaworkofvalue andearnhisdailybread.

Catholicemployers should bewell in the forefront to see that he gets this chance.

AJOYFUL MONTH.

January will be a specially jovful month in your life if you win first prize in aCharities Consultation. The No. 237b Consolation is now open. Buy aticket today. The first prize is£2.000.