The Record Newspaper 06 December 1944

He Stood at the End of 1,000 Years of Undivided i"hristian Culture

Tragic Heroes Who Sin and Repent, Prayfor the Dead andVenerate Mary

ByJ. P. DE FONSEKA.

April 23, the feast day of St.George, Patron of England,is also the birth(lay of Shakespeare, Poet of England. There is no certainty,however, about the 23rd.of April as Shakespeare's birthday. What is known for certain is the day of hisbaptism, which occurredon the26th. Englishmen'spatriotismhasaccustomedustoregardingthe two occasions, the saint'sfeast and the poet'sbirth, as belonging to the same 'day.

But the day of Shakespeare'sdeath is known with certainty. That occur• red also on a23rd,of April.-So the PatronofEnglandisonewith the Poet on afurther count. Afinal question therefore is: Were the two united in the Faith? Was Shakespeare aCatho• lic?

The answer is: Yes and No. Or as the medievals put it: Sic et non, Or as the French put it:Mais, oui, But yes! Or as the local idiom puts it: Yes, but..,.

There is adistinction,and amost important one, to make. There is the question:Whatwas the religion of the man Shakespeare? And there is the other question, different from the earlies: What is the religion of the plays of Shakespeare?

There is no ground for saying that the religion of Shakespeare the person was specificallyCatholic, as thereis no ground for saying that it was specifically Protestant.

But on the side of the Protestant thesis there is the baptism of the infant William Shakespeare and the burial of the fifty-two year old poet in the old Catholic-built Stratford Church now taken over by the established religion. To add there is also his application for license for.marriage with Anne Hathaway from the Bishop of Worcester,aLord Spiritual of the Establishment.

John Shakespeare,the father of the poet, had gone over to the new reli. gion, to judge from the circumstances of the baptism of William. But of

Shakespeare'sgrandfather nothing can he said for certain. He would be on the border-line of the cleavage of the Reformation.

However this be, Shakespeare's mother'speople,the Ardens,were certainly Catholic and paid the penalties of their Catholic allegiance. One of these Ardens, Edward by name, was found guilty of complicity by the Pro-testant Gestapo of theday in aCatholic plot, and was executed and his head was displayed on London Bridge.

Of the personal religion of the poet much written work is available, but to repeat,there can be no certainty. But one of his earliest chroniclers, aRev. John Ward,Vicar of Stratford Church in the days of Charles II, finished a brief biography with the categorical statement that he died a"Papist"

The official tradition of Shakesper• can biography hoes not accepted this Anglican parson'sassurance.

Atthe otherendofthe sequence, the latest Shakesperesn biographer, Mr. Hesketh Pearson, inhis"Penguin" Life of Shakespeare,tells us that "Shakespeare could not have shared the religious convictions of his wife and father." Mr. Pearson adds: "As an artist the pageantry and historical significance of the Roman Church would have appealed to him," There, more or less,we have toleave the matter.

The religionof theplays,the religion in theplays, is adifferent matter. It can be known for certain because the documentary evidence of the Shakesperean canon is all there and the purport of this evidence is only too clear.

The religion of the plays is the Catholic religion.

Itis the old Faith ofall Europe, the potentmotherofall thegood things of Europe, directly so for a thousand years, indirectly so to this hour. By reason of this unfailing background, thisimplicitcommon cultureandcivilisation, the drama of Shakespeare is a part of the fruition of Christendom.

The plays of Shakespeare,for this reason, are at the end of the old undivided Europe of athousand years.

They are not at the beginning of that new world which begins with aShipwreck and the isolationof the Protestant and sectarian RobinsonCrusoes.

Of the romance of Catholic Christendom Shakespeare was the full flowering. His favourite European country was Italy. He had never seen Italy.

It did not matter. The secret of Christendomwasdeepdowninhis con• sciousness;in his bones and in his marrow.

Sohe wrote by instinct:and h,

,was right.

Shakespeare's world wa< Catholic. Shakespeare-land was aCa+io! i.c country; the Shakespeeans are aCatholic people.

Some ofthe plays embrace pre-Christian orpagan times, but the dramatist cannot help projecting Catholic things into those times. Critics call these instances anachronisms;but the dramatist did not care.

Contrariwise,pagan institutions, sup• erstitions and usages also intrude into the Catholic practice, Ile let them; Catholicpeoplearesometimeslike that.

His tragic heroes rray sin like the devil; but they are Catholic. Thee are blackguards in Shakespeareland; but no depth of infamy makes them deny Catholic fundamentals, while denying much else. The sinners ackimwledge sin; they hope to get abso lution (their word is"shrift").

The Reformers cutoutauricular con• fession: but the Shakespereans have' not heardofit.

The Reformers declared that "the RomishdoctrineofPurgatory,Pardons, Worshipping and Adoration as well as of Reliques and also invocation of Saintsisafond thing vainly invented and repugnant to the Word of God"; but the Shakespereans turn adeafear.

They pray for the souls in Purgatory, they venerate relics; they invoke saints. The Reformers were aware of Mariolatry: the Shakespereans are bound to the Mother ofGod. It was profane of them, but they swore by her. "Marry" wastheir wayof toning down the oath "By Mary."

Poor Hamlet's father's ghost be. wailed that he had been dispatched in his sins. Hi's words were "unhouseld, disappointed,unaneled." "Unhousel'd" meantwithout receivingtheViaticum; "disappointed" meant without chance of preparation for agood death; "unaneled" meant without being fortified by Extreme Unction,

The Sacrament of the Lord's Body was Transubstantiation,not the.Reformer'sfigure or metaphor or symile. The Shakesperean central worship was theMass. TheymaycutMassorkeep away from the Sacraments,but they held on to the Mass and the S t

acraments. One of them mentioned an "Evening Mass"—a curious anticipation of aconcession in the World War ofourday. "By the Mass"—thatwas also away of swearing with them.

They married before apriest and it was asacrament they professed to receive Tbev were married but never divorced. iie contrast was indissoluble.

Their clergy-app -c;;bates. There wereunsatisfactory sU:.imensof priestly persons in their world,but that was no reason for them to renounce we institution of the priesthoor;, they laughed at hedge-priests beear,se C-ey knew of sacerdotal holiness.

They were aware ofesceticliving, so there are hermits and anchorites and monks. There are friars and vicars and curates;nuns and abbesses. There are churches and chapels and shrines.

They may flout the taxation of the Pope, but deny not the Supreme Pontificate.

Their lives have the Catholic colour and flavour, large or small measure.

When they die they are buried with the rites of the Church.

And they ask for the suffrages of their survivors for the repose of their souls.

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Can Men Forgive Sins .

Auricular ConfessionWas Established

Priests Are Bound to Inviolable Secrecy Even in Face of Death

Confession is Humiliating and Not An Incentive to Sin

"Montague Tibbles," Fremantle:

Q.:It is generally understood thatCatholicsattendConfrssion, but Ihave always failed to visualise just what couldtakeplaceat such aceremony. Iam not in any way smart Alex or tryingtobefunny,butaskagenuine question.

A.: This is the type of question we really askforin the"CatholicAnswer." A friendly curiosity about things Catholic and just what Catholics do at Russ or at Confession, for example, is not only understandable but very welcome so far as this session is concerned. What is more, your enquiry is .,och an interestinn-ind reasonable one thatIam surethe answerwillbeofinterest to most non-Catholic listeners, and therefore Iam going to treatyour question rather more fully than usual.

Your real question is, what happens when apenitent who has not committed any serious sins comes along to Confession? Well, now, in amoment Iwill answer that question, but first of all there are afew general ideas about sins and theirforgiveness that I would like toexplain to you,because I think they might be helpful when it comes to understanding this universal Catholic practice of Confession.

Itake it that Is aChristian you believe with me that Christ was God as well as man, and that on behalf of mankind Christ made satisfaction to the eternal Father for thesinsof men, -mdwonpardon for thosesins,byoffer'Jig His life in sacrifice on Mount Calvary in Palestine. Now, having won ,ardon for the sins of men,-it was for Him tolay down how,andunder what renditions, that pardon would be apdied to individuals—for not all were

ready to accept it. Christ could have chosen anyone of many possible ways. Butin point of factHe chose the method that Saint John outlines in his short account of the life and teaching of Chri'>t. Ile writes that after His Resurrection Christ appeared amongst Hisdisciples,wheretheyweregathered inanupperroominJerusalem,and He said:"Peacebe toyou. AstheFather hath sent Me Ialsosend you. When IlehadsaidthisHebreathedonthem; and he said to them:'Receive you the HolyGhost. Whosesinsyoushallforgivetheyareforgiventhem; andwhose sinsyou shall retaintheyare retained."

Two things Christ did on this occasion. First, Ile gave the disciples gathered there His own authority,"As the Father hath sent Me, Ialso send you." Secondly,Ile gave them power bythe Iloly Ghostto forgive or retain sins as they judged fit. Now, how could they make this judgment unless they had an exact knowledge of the sinsin question? And how could they acquire that knowledge unless the sinnertoldthem,foroftenhe alone knows hisguilt? Confessionofoursins,then, to the Apostles or their successors is the arrangement made by Christ for applying toindividual souls thepardon for sins which Ile won for us on Calvary.

As Isaidjustnow,Christ couldhave chosen other ways for forgiving sins.

Put Ile did tint. Ile chose this met. hod,andPope,priest andlaymanmust conform to thisarrangement, thispractice. Those who sav they will not confess their sins to any man but only toChrist Himself, are just evading the issue. Did,ordidnot,Christ sendthe Apostles with His own authority? And

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InawayConfession isalittle humili. ating. No one denies that. But Christ, Who was God, suffered greater humiliation to obtain pardon for our sins. Nor is the Confessional as humiliating as our civil courts of justice where men are publicly accused, publicly condemned, and publicly branded with amark that even the years may not efface. In the Confessional all is ,pokenwiderinviolable secrecy, and to ensure theconfidence of thosewhoconfesstheirsins,thepriestmaynotbreak thatsecrecyunderanyeiccumstances— even the threat of torture or death— without the permissionof the penitent. We may feel shyabouttelling our sins to another man, but then we rememberthatmanisvestedwith theauthor• ity of Christ Himself, and that makes it different. In any case the humiliation is little enough penance for the wrong thatwe have done through our sins, great or small. Not that Iam attemptingtoexplainawaythemethod that Our Lord has laid down for the forgiving of sins in this life—He has insisted on this practice for all those whowouldfollowHim,andratherthan question the humiliation to which He asksustosubmitweshouldbe eternally grateful thatGod in His mercy will pardon us through this or any other method of reconciliation. Who are we that we should claim any rights of personal dignity before the utter perfection and radiant purity of the God. head? Inotherwords,noonehasthe righttopleadexemptionon theground thathehasnofaults. Thereisalotof truth in the old saying: "There is so much bad in the best of us...

On the other hand, many perhaps think that Confession is just alittle too easy, and makes sinning too easy. Sometimesone hearsnon-Catholics saying:"It's all right for you \ticks, you cangooutand sinasmuch as youlike so long as you go to Confession." To think that that is all there is to it, of course, is very wrong. Even outside Confession God could not, and would not, forgive our sins unless we were trulysorryfor them. Todo so would only be making amockery of himself as God. And true sorrow for sin on our part includes avery definite purpose of amendment. Consequently, although amanmay sin again through human weakness, he must at the time of Confession be genuinely sorry for his sins, and also have made up his mindnottorepeatthem. Ifitisclear in Confession that apenitent is not genuine and sincere either in his sor• row or in his intention to amend his ways, then that is acase in which the priest will retain the sins; in other words, inGod'snamehe will refuseforgiveness. So you see, it is not simply amatter of telling oursin's to apriest as many people mistakenly seem to think. Ishould sav the strongest evidence we have that Confession does notmakesineasy,andthatitisnotan incentive tocrime, is that the best living fatholics are those who go toConfessinn most frequently.

In another sense, however, Confes• lion is easy. Take, for example, a man or woman who may have been

By Christ

committing deliberate grievous sins for twenty, thirty orforty years. Their soul isjust rottingmorally. Forsuch aone Confessionwith true sorrowand repentance isincredibly easy and is an incredible gift from God, even in the peace that it brings.

Finally, Confession is amanly thing. When two fellows do wrong, we like and admire the onewho onvns up, and we only despise the one who sneaks away. We like the fellow who apologises for whathe hasclone, and apologises in the vay that he is asked to. We know that he is genuinely sorry. Andweknow,too, thatheis sorry and i4 amanlyfellowwho,whenhe hassinned, asks God's pardon in the way that Christ has laid down for us by going to Confession.

And now after all that we will get back to your letter. Ithink it would be aninjusticetoyoursense ofhumour if Ididn't read it all out. You say:

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lust What Goes On In The Confessional Box?

Telling Sins Not Enough—Sorrow and .Amendment Necessary

Why aCatholic Burial is Sometimes Refused

CatholicsKnowaGood Deal of the Bible

havenotrobbed,attackedorill-treated anybody, and what sins Icould lay claim to wouldbe more of omission than commission. Irealise Iam no saint, but really if Iwere suddenly to be called upon to make Confession to any man of sin committed, what on earth would Isay? Igot annoyed with Jones, or called Brown a .silly cow,andsuchlike. Butif.Iconfessed these paltry thingstoapriestIshould expect him to kick me over. And what else Iwould say Ihaven't the foggiest notion. It would be instructive ifyou will tellusjustwhat would be expected of anybody who lives a quiet, normal and everyday life."

A.: Suppose you did go to ConfesAion and told the priest justwhat you have written,he wouldn'ttossyou out, :s yrnt imagine, but would hear you with the same understandingaswould Christ Our Lord,thatsameChrist who said that the just man falls seventy timesaday.

Naturally all sins are not of equal gravity ormalice. Togetangry with alazy office-boy is notas seriousas to murderhim. In itself, to steal afew shillings is not as serious as to rob a bank ofto embezzleatrustfund. And there aremanyfactorsthatcouldenter in and either increase or decrease a sinner's guilt.

Now in Confession-we are bound to confessallserioussinscommitted since our last Confession, whether that be a weekagoorayearago. Strictlyspeaking, we are not bound to confess our less serious sins—the kind of little faults you mention—but we are advised to do so, and most people do, because in the Sacrament of Confession o-tonly are our sins,great and small, forgiven,but we also obtain the necessary grace to help us avoid.,sin in future. Of course, to explain in turn what we Catholics understand by "grace' would take asession in itself, and some monthsback Idid devote a sessionto it; sufficeittosay that this power,known asgrace, is perhaps the most vital thing in the whole Catholic religion, and we receive it from God through the Mass and the seven Sacraments, of which Penance, or Confession, is one. Every time ,

we receive God's forgiveness in the Sacrament of Confession we receive also an inpouringofgrace,and thatisaveryimportant thing for agood Catholic who quite conceivably has no serious sins to confess. But one cannot receive grace through the Sacrament of Confession unless one receives first for. giveness forsinscommitted,and therefore if aCatholic, anxious to receive thegraceoftheSacrament,hasnosins at all toconfess,inorderthathe may receive the Sacrament he asks God's pardon again for some sin of his past lifethathasalreadybeenconfessedand forgiven, but which may be confessed and forgiven yet again and again for thatmatter.

Sonowtoconcludethisanswerinthe strain of the original inquiry, let's follow John Citizen, who is apractising Catholic, to Confession one evening in asuburban church. John, by the way, is adecent sort of fellow, keeps well within the law, is jealous of his good name, and does not do anything outstandingly bad—just lives aquiet, normal and everydavlife.

Well, inside the church he Kneels downand prays forafewminutesask. ing God to help him make agood. sincere Confession. (It'sarather important thing to John, that's why he asksGod tohelphim doit well. )

Tt's about amonth since his last Confes.

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Sion, and he goes on to examine his conscience,quite honestly, butnottorturing himself with scruples. There is nothing serious troubling him. In the month he has not forged any cheques, robbedany banks, committed murder, or beaten the wife. Hehas had drinks with his friends, but he has never been drunk. Moreover, he kept the Sabbath Day holy and acknowledgedhisGodpublicly.byattendingMasseach Sunday. Everydayhe hastriedtosaysomeprayers,butonce or twice he hasnotbeen as particular aboutthisimportantduty ashemight have been; he was really careless at his prayers on several occasions. He mentally makesanote of this as the firstthing to tellthe priest.

,

Occasionally he used bad language, swore abit, and once he used Christ's name. Ile was sorry when he used the expression, and he is sorry for it now,even though itslipped outatthe time. In the home alsoseveral times hewasveryselfishandirritable,andon threedistinctoccasionswasunnecessarily angry with the children. Ile.is inclined toregard this as serious. At work he did asmall job for the boss and did it in away that he knew in his heart was not an honest.effort on his part. Social justice, he reflects, cutsboth ways. John alsotold afew Fes. Ile wanted to be as goodasthe others one dad and said he had ten bob on the winner in the second last race, when the horse he backed came in with the hairy goats. it wasonly atrivial matter, but still he went or, lying deliberately and stupidly. Well, that's about the lot, so John Citizen thanks God for having kept him free from more serious sin, tells Ilim he is sorry,andashamedofthesethingsthat he hasdone, and thathe will makean effort to conquer these failings.

And you listening to me might say: Thatallsoundsabitchildish,andisn't your John Citizen making mountains out of mole hills anyway? And the answer is No,hecause God is infinitely good and perfect in Himself, and it is Ile who is offended, and if He punishes serious sins so drastically then evensmallsinsmuststillbeanoffence toHim.

By this time it has come round to John's turn toenter the Confessional. Hekneels beside the littlegrille which separates him from the priest, and he tells him how long it is since hislast confession. Then hementionshissins justastheyare on hissoul.Thepriest giveshim afew simple prayersto say bywayofpenance,and whileJohn is making an act of sorrow to Almighty God, the priest pronounces the words of absolution -

and forgiveness—using the authority given by Christ to His Apostles and their successors.

Coming from the Confessional John Citizen again kneelsdown, and having thanked Godfor forgiving hissins, recites the prayers given him by the priest for penance.

Thewholeprocedure,evenwithwait. ing with others at the Confessional, normally takes about twenty minutes, and as John wends his way home an honest humble follower of Christ, it may be worth while noting, perhaps, thathepaidnomoneytohavehissins forgiven,and no money was asked for by the priestI

Incidentally,the exampleIhavejust given supposes the penitentas agood livingman, as instanced in yourquestion, but, as we very well know, ALL men are not such, and Confession is not merely for the forgivenessof peccadillos. InConfession amanIsbound underserious obligation to confesshis grievous sins---sins of dishonesty, for exampl or impurity, with himself, or withotkrs,andsoon.

"An Observer,"Perth:

Q. "AcoupleofSundaysagoIthink Iheardyousaythatanyonebaptised aCatholic remained aCatholic, no matter how neglectful they were. 'Once aOatholic, always aCatholic,' yousaid. WhatSwanttoknowis: Does death alter all that? Because Iknow of afewwhowere refused burialinconsecratedgroundbecause they had neglectedtheirduties, and were therefore compelled to accept the rites ofaProtestant minister in Protestantground,"

A.:WhateveryouthinkImighthave -aidacoupleofSundaysago,ormaybe even furtherback than that,IcertainIv repeatagainnowthatthosewhoare baptised Catholics remain Catholics always—unless they formally put themselves outside the Catholic Church. Andbecauseofthatitisquite trueto say "once aCatholic always aCatholic;" and noteven death can alter the fact.

Thereason whysomeare refusedCa• tholic burial isnot necessarily because they have ceased to be Catholics, but because by dying unrepentant after living scandalous lives, they only render the reading of our burial service farcical and insincere.

You see,deathisasolemnthing,and the Catholic Church treats it with solemnity and sincerity. On rare occasions, therefore, it becomes necessary torefusetoreadtheburialserviceover certain people. Ingeneral, thosewho were known to have lived as public sinners, who gave scandal by their lives and who areknown tohave died unrepentantarerefusedCatholicburial. It would be simply hypocrisy for a priest to read over them the beautiful µravers of the Catholic ritual that speakof how the person deceased has believedinGod,hashopedinHim,and hasstriventodoHis

will. Theselovely tributes to virtue would only ring hollow when read over one who, though baptised and marked with the sign of the Holy Trinity, as it says in theritual,yetwasknowntohavedeliberately rejected what he knew was right and to have scorned God's will to the veryend.

Q.: In speaking of mixed marriages, you say the Church objects on the ground thattheCatholicpartyoften becomes careless. Observing these things, Ihave concluded that the Catholicpartyiswhatwouldbecalled careless anyhow, otherwise they wouldn't marryaProtestant. There are,ofcourse,exceptions,andIhave twoinwindwhothoughttheycould convert theirpartners,butneverdid andfelt itverymuchthattheyfailed.TheyareverygoodCatholics,but mostlyIthinkitisotherwise.

Purpose of

A.: We must remember always that there are varying degrees of carelessness. Iagree with you, however, to thisextent,thatitlooksasifthereisa weakness somewhere when aCatholic enters into amixed marriage in spiteofrepeated instructionsonitsdangers. Nevertheless,whilethatapparentweaknessmay or may not bepresent, such Catholics may still be practising their religion. Ontheotherhand,toooften after contractingamixedmarriagethe Catholic party become% careless and practises no religion whatsoever. This is the danger againstrwhich Catholics are warned.

Q.: Ihave for yearslived with and among Catholics, and never at any timesaw aBiblein theirhomes. -

I amnotbeingcriticalaboutthat.The Old Testament is hardly a book everyonecouldunderstand.

A.: Ithink itisextremely unfortunatethatyouhaveneverseenaBiblein thehomesofyourCatholicfriends.Catholics, you know, are encouraged to read theScriptures; onlythisyear our presentHoly Father,Pope Pius XII, hasonceagainurgedthereadingofthe Bible.

But even if the Catholics you have metactuallyhavenotpossessed Biblds, youmustnotconclude that they have never read the Scriptures or heard themread. Catholics cannot attend Mass each Sunday without hearing portionsoftheScripturesreadtothem intheir ownlanguage. Andhere is a point that may interestsome. Even that famous character, Martin Luther, in spite of his assertions to the contrary, must have read agreatdeal of' the Bible while he was yetaCatholic. Asamonk,he ,

wasboundbyvowtorecite the Divine Office, and he couldn't dothiswithoutdailyreadinglargepar tions of the Scriptures, including both OldandNew Testamentreadings—and thatwaybackinthesixteenthcentury.

Again, however, IagreewithyouentirelythattheOldTestamentisabook that not everyone can understand. I will go even further and say that the New Testament is alsoabook that is difficult to understand. Both books need an infallible interpreter. Without that infallible interpreter chaos of` thoughtanddoctrineinevitablyresults. AsSt.PetersaysinhissecondEpistle, Ch. 3, v. 16, speaking of the letters of Saitit Paul: " , Wherein are some things hard to be understood, which I they that are unlearnedand unstable wrest, as they doalso the otherScriptures,untotheirowndestruction."And ; that quotation is from the Protestant RevisedVersion, 3TOVES­Wood,Oss; newand used. Goodstockspaints,enamels,sprinklers. andtaps.Hassell's,559Wellington aR

I

*Divine Grace,Without Which,Man Cannot Stand Two KindsofSupernaturalGiftsGod GivestoMan

Sanctifying Grace Makes Us Partakers of the Divine Nature

Importance of Co-operating With Actual Grace

Having completed asurvey of the Commandments, we now enter upon a fresh serieson the Sacraments. It is hardly needful to assist at any length upon the extreme importance of this subject for our spiritual life. The Commandmentsgive us thelaws framed by God and by His accredited representative on earth, the Catholic Church. Yet since, for duly keeping these laws,we need toresistandovercome our rebellious passions, and this would prove impossible without the aid of divine grace, nothing can be more vitalto us than to acquaintourselves thoroughly with the seven chief means,orinstruments,providedbyOur Lord forconferringgrace uponus.

Before, however, proceeding to discuss the first of them—Baptism—it may be well to obtain some notion about grace itself—that supernatural gift which theSacrament's contain and convey to our souls.

What,then, is grace?

Athing not easy to explain in such simplewordsaswillmakeitintelligible to the average layreader., Noscientific treatment, therefore, will be here attempted. Ishallendeavour,instead, to popularise the subject by meansdf comparisonsandillustrations.

Grace is agiftnecessary forour salvation and sanctification, which God freely bestows upon the souls of men for the sake of the merits of Jesus Christ, Who earnedit for themby His death upon thecross.

It is asupernatural gift—that is to say, Grace neither belongs to our human nature, nor is there in man anything thatdemandsitsbestowal ;

God, in His goodness, confers itfreely.

'Itisnotanythingthatwecansee,or feel, or touch, any more than the soul receiving it can be perceived by any of the senses. For Grace—though a veryrealthingindeed—belongs to the spiritualworldofbeings. Itisaquality, or property, invisible like the soul

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to which it is imparted. Yet,in the ;fight of God, there is awhole world of difference between asoul in grace and one thatlacks thispreciousgift— adifference wider than between life and death.

There are two principal kinds of Grace. Wecallthem (1) Sanctifying Grace, or grace which places the soul inastateofholiness;(2)ActualGrace, whichisadivine aid tothe soulin its various necessities. Let us look at each kind separately.

1.Sanctifying Grace will be bestunderstood from its effects, the chief ai which is to make us the adoptedsons ofGod, instead of mere creatures and sdrvantsas we are by nature. To illustrate this: Arichman rescues some street-arab from aLondon slum, and adopts him—that is, he takes the boy home,makeshimlikehisownson,educates him, and puts him on asort of equality with the rest of the family. Thdlad had noright to such afavour. His condition of life had placed it quite beyond his reach to become a gentleman's son, with the prospect of inheritingaportion ofarich man'sestate.

Now we, as-mere creatures made by God, have no right to be treated by Him as sons, nor to be made adopted brothersof His only-begotten Son,and coheirs with Jesus Christ to the KingdomofHeaven. Nomatterhowgood out lives, we could never, as human beings, deserve to enter Heaven after death. Such areward as that of associating for ever with the Great God lies far beyond purely human attainment.

Now SanctifyingGracealtersall this. It lifts us above our 0rflinary human condition to that of adopted sons of God, and adopted brothers and sisters ofJesusChrist,"the first-born amongst manybrethren.'

In virtue of this gift of sonship we are enabled so to please God by our good actions as really to earn Heaven Heavenforourjust reward. Without it, we should indeed receive some recompense of anatural sort—provided we servedour Makeraccordingto our lights—but never such a reward as endless,blissfulunionwithGodHimself inHeaven. Forthatmoregreatlyexceedsournaturalclaimsthanreception into arich man's family would those of the street-arab.

What awonderful thing is Sanctifying Grace, how sublime the dignity to which it raises us—no less adignity that that df being admitted, so to speak, into the Divine Family and made "partakersoftheDivineNature." It is to this sublime height that Baptism exaltsusfor the first time. Then, if we are wicked and mad enough to fling away the glorious livery of our adoptedsonshipbymortalsin,theSac. rament of Penance mercifully restores it to us upon our sincere repentance, and we prodigals are receivedagain to our Father's tender embrace.

Butnowtogoalittlefurther. Sane. tifyingGracecanbeincreased. Ifyou are already in possession of it, if you are .

in the state off

grace." aswe call it, theneach time you receiveaSacrament (or, indeed, perform any other supernatural act) you acquire addi. tionalgrace. Howso? ForifIbean adopted son of God, what more can be added to me? Well, though God lovesall Hischildren, yet, justas ina human family, one child may deserve byhisconduct tobebetterloved than another. Now, the measure of God's love forus stands inproportion to the amountofgracewehaveacquired.To put this another way. The gift of grace establishes in the soul alikenesstoGod'swell-belovedSon,through Whoseatoningmerits we receiveit.So the moregram we have thecloserour likeness to Jesus Christ, and, conse. quently,thedeeperthelovewithwhich God regardsus. Grace, then, may he pogsessed on earth in varying measure.

So, too, in our Father'shouse"there are many mansions"—that is to say, 1 1

there are many degrees of reward in [leaven corresponding to various degreesofgrace.

Theamountdfgracewestoreupduring life resembles acheque written in the Precious Blood to be cashed at death inheavenlyglory.Thelargerthe cheque we areabletopresent atGod's Tribunal, thehigherthe glorywe shall merit in return for it.

2,ActualGracediffersfromSanctify. ingGrace. Forthelatter,aswehave , seen,placesusinapermanentorhabi• tual stateof holinessand adopted son ship,althoughonethatmaybelostby mortal sin; while Actual Grace is a passing impulse, an occasional help vouchsafed to the soul in its various spiritual needs. For example, one whoisinthestateofgraceexperiences atemptation toavengeaninjury. But the thought suggests itself that the Sacred Heart of the Crucified freely forgave the cruelexecutioners, and the temptation is resisted-and overcome. Now, that holy thoughtwas anactual grace sent for the purpose of turning thesoulfromsin.

Again. Perhaps the path of duty, though clear to aman, seems hard and costly to nature, and he feels his weakness. Hepraysforstrenght,and managesafteralltodothe rightthing. Here are at least two,actual graces: the graceto pray,one thatGod never refuses us; and the furthergrace to do our duty,obtainedthrough prayer.

Notice, too, the after-fruit of making good use of actual graces, for we pos. sess the dreadpowerof resisting them. Wheneverasoulco-operateswith these Divine aids, and by means of them actsvirtuously, it receives,as aresult, an increase ofSanctifyingGrace. Thus Actual Grace becomes like the seed offresh habitualgrace,andmeritisin. creased in the sightofGod. Toillustrate this, we might roughly compare Sanctifying and Actual Grace respectively to capital and interest. Of His free mercy God bestows upon us spiritual paupers the capital of SanctifyingGrace, which entitles us to receive periodicalinstalments of interest in the form of Actual Gaces for our current needs. If we use these well, not only are these needs supplied, but fresh treasure is accumulated the while, and is laid by to increase our original capital of Sanctifying Grace.

ActualGrace maybegiven toasoul that is not in the state of grace, else how couldany one repent ofhis sins? For repentance, beinganecessary step towards salvation, requires grace. A hardened sinner, for instance, long absent'fromhisreligiousduties,chances tohear apowerful sermon on the Passion of OurSaviour,which causes him toconceivedeepshameand sorrow for havingtrampledunderfootthePrecious Blood,and issincerelyconverted.Here actual grace is given to one who had forfeited hisstateofsonship,andhence hadnorightatalltoDivinegraces.In hiscaseitsbestowalisanactofmercy on the part of God. On the other hand, those who are in grace already have areal claim to actual graces in their trials and difficulties simply because they are sons.

The Seven Sacraments, then,are designed by Christ to produce grace in thesoul,andtheydothisinfalliblyand oftheirowninwardpoweralone, pro. vided mandfhisownfree willputsno hindrance to theirworking. First of all,theyeitherconfersanctifyinggrace fortheflattime,asinthecaseofBaptism; or restore it whenlost by grievoussin, like theSacramentof Penance (or Confession); or else increase grace already existing in the soul, asin the caseoftheotherfiveSacraments.Moreover, sanctifying grace thus conferred gives to the receiveraright to further actual graces when the need arises.

Onecannotignoreprayer--especially actsof perfect contrition—as means of sanctification. But the fact remains that the Sacramentsare the chiefand most generallyeffective instruments of grace.

Is Pasteurisation a-Commercial Racket?

Adverse Effects Proved By Experiments

Why Cant We Have It Fresh?

It is gratifying to know that the Government is actively concerned about the purity of the milk supply and that the scheme to preserve it is inthehandsofexperts,butwiththose whoarenotexpertsinthismatter,the whole business of pasteurisation does not seem to have been satisfactorily discussed. Whypasteurisationatall? Common sense suggests that fresh, "live''milk should be supplied to the people; that experts should concern themselves with means designed to maintain purity of the herds and the rapiddelivery of the milk to the consumer.

The pasteurisation business has met withconsiderable oppositionin Britain and Ireland, where it is not taken for granted as it is here, apparently. We think that similar publicity and discussion would be beneficial in this country..Forexample,awriterinthe London "Weekly Review" (8/6/'44) raises some pertinent and 'sensible questions in the following article:

What Are the Facts?

"Milk—creamy, white, flowing in a never-ending stream from country to town. How does itreach you? What changes does.it undergo? Always in the news; the subject of perpetual haranguing and planning; alwas being centralised andabsorbedbylarger and larger firms, milk has become one of the major topics with a consistent press... .

"Quality of milk is avery variable factor, and, being in aposition to recall the clays when I bought our household milk from the farm every morning, Icannot fail to draw an unfavourable comparison with that now delivered in abottle...

"What are the facts about pasteurisation? First andforemost,let its remember the factors which give weight to theargument forpasteurising. One is that by pasteurising—whereby milk is retained at atemperature of between 145 and 180 degrees for30 minutes—it is presumed that agreat deal of bacteria is killed. The dead bacteria remain in the milk. The other factor is that by pasteurising, milk can be kept for longer periods.

"Pasteurisation is, so we are informed, asafeguard against disease. But who does it safeguard?, Only those people commercially interested in milk. Why? Because it enables producers to continue with unhealthy cow's and unsatisfactory hygienic conditions; the retailers can send milk longdistances, retain itintheir depots for longer periods and facilitate distributionon alarge scale. Thusmilk combines (the greatest propagandists for pasteurisation) are the first to benefit from this method.

FreshMilkaFarce.

"What are the factsagainst pasteuring? As stated above, it permits the existence of otherwise dangerous con. ditionsinherdsanddairies,and make's "fresh" milk afarce. Pasteurising is acheapmethodofdisguisingthesefactors. Produce healthy herds, safeguard sanitary conditions, localise distribution, and pasteurisation will be unnecessary.

"One authority fatuously remarked that to retain the Vitamin Cin milk itshould be keptin the dark! Who is being kept in the dark? No one but the public. For pasteurisation, milk must,as we have already noted, be retaimd at atemperature of 145 to 180 degree's for thirty minutes. Vitamin ris the vitamin most susceptible to heat and is quicklydestroyedby heating! Hence the VitaminCcontent of milk is drastically reduced by pasteurisation. Therein lives the biggest argument against such aprocess,

"Experiments have proved that children drinking ordinary milk were

healthier than those given pasteurised milk, nor was there any incidence of disease caused by drinking non-pasteurised milk.

"Good farming, intelligent application of modern knowledge and less "pseudo-science"(combined with honesty of purpose) will ensure good, clean, natural milk for the public, at aprice equitable to producer and con. sumeralike."

Commercial Origin.

That seems reasonable to us (who are not experts). The matter is further probed in the"Irish Weekly and Ulster Examiner" (Befast). The writersays:

"What is termed pasteurisation isof commercial origin. It began, so far as we in thiscountry are concerned, with the introdution by Americanma chinery manufacturers, of atype of machinery which enabled big firms of milk distributors to greatly extend their business by selling stale milk as fresh.

Prior to this, the salesof suchfirms were limited to the quantity of milk they could collect and distribute in a fresh condition within a matter of about twenty--four hours. Milk be. came sour if kept longer,and was unsaleable except at amuch reduced price, for baking purposes.

Chemically Changed.

"Milk heated by this new process -

becomes chemically changed and does notturnsour. On thisaccount there is no indication of the age of pasteurised milk, until it is absolutely putrid and dangerous to drink. What a boon this was for the big milk combines! It enabled them to collect milk from farm's over awide area—to mix different grades of quality together, and then, by heating to about 145degrees F, itcould be sold as fresh milk and Al quality, when two, three of more days old—and note the importance of this—it is never less thantwo or three days old when delivered.

"To induce the public to accept thischange,theyweretold thatitwas entirely in the interest of their health and general well-being. Experiments were made by bacteriologists, and the theory was announced thatfresh milk wasneithercleannor safe todrink unless half-boiled by this process. Expensive plants were installed and bigger business followed. The public arenowpayinginmore waysthanone for the questionable privilege of drinking pasteurised milk.

What Experiments Prove.

Many tests have been made by impartial scientific observers, which entirely disprove the contention thatdiseasewascausedbydrinkingunpasteur. fsed milk. One of the most practical and conclusive of these tests was the one at "Barnardo's Homes." The medical doctor responsible for the health -

and progress of these boys, divided them into two groups of 750 each. They were carefully chosen, so as tobeas near alike in age and physical condition as possible in the respective groups. The dietary wasthe same for both—with the exception of the milk taken—onegroupbeinggiven fresh milk and the other pasteurised. At the end ofseveral months, it was found thatthe 750boys who hadbeen allowed fresh milk were all heavier in weight, healthier and had suffered less from illness throughout the test. On the other hand, the inferior nutritive valueofpasteurised milk was reflected in thelessincrease inweight andlower vitality of the others. Surely such a test as this is infinitely more prat ticaland reliable as to itseffect upon humanbeings than those made by the pasteurisers on rats and guinea pigs.

All engaged in the pasteurisation of milkareawarethat thetanksinwhich

Synthetic Rubber,Lewisite-Gas, Discovered byFr.Julius Nieuwland, Figure in War News

Two developments in chemistry which have distinct war uses, and which are mentioned inrecentnewsof the present global warfare, had their beginningsin thechemical laboratories of theCatholic University of America, in Washington. Their discovery began 41 years ago when ayoung bespectacled priest was introduced to acetylene gas. The priest, Father Julius Arthur Nieuwland, had gone to the UnitedStatesfromBelgium at the age of two, and had settled with his parentsatSouth Bend, Ind.

ItwasnaturalforhimtoenterNotre Dame University,mherehe was ordainedjustbeforetakingupgraduatework at Catholic University in 1903.

His di'-ccoveries—a process for mak. ing artificial rubber and a poisonous substance later tobeknown as Lewisite gas—have recently come back into the news. Theoneinconnectionwith theRussianGovernmentandthe other in connectionwith the war inChina.

In Current War News.

Father Nieuwland's process for the manufacture of artificial rubber, developed into the prou6et known as neoprene, recently was handed to the Russians to be used without charge while the war lasts. The other and more sombre of his discoveries, Lewisite, is reported to have been used recently by the Japanese in the HengyangsectionofChina.

Father Nieuwland was interested only in acteplene gas. He know that it would require longer than one life time to learn all ofits properties, and thus many ofits reactions he recorded only briefly as he continued his experiments. These side reactions, he reasoned, couldbe studied by other men. Thusitwasthatone clay,while in the laboratory at Catholic University, he noted an extremely poisonous substancewasformedbyacetyleneand arsenic trichloride. Fourteen years later Captain W. Lee, as he was en. gaged in Armyresearch at the University, chanced on Father Nieuwland's paper,"Some Reactions of Acetylene," and one of the most deadly gases known to man made its appearance on the European battle-fronts.

Likewise, 14 years elapsed between the day in 1906 that Father Nieuwit is heated and the pipes and tubes through which it passes, become so lined with precipitated calcium that they have continually to be scraped and washed out with caustic soda or some other powerfuldetergent. That the milk so treated is deprived of its calcium is, of course. obvious, and is one definite proof of the inferiority of pasteurised milk.

(Adverse Effects.

"The process also deprives milk of the enzymes it contains, which aid digestion—amatter of importance for babies and invalids. It adversely affects the proteins and Vitamin C, and if this pasteurised milk is to become the only kind available for the entire population of acountry,it isundoubt. edly asubjectofvery serious concern. Children and invalids invariably prefer

land passed his favourite gas through asolution of chlorides of copper and thealkalimetals, and the day in Rochester, N.Y., when he condescended to mention this reaction in alecture beforeagroupofchemists. DuPont, which had been striving for asynthetic rubber, became interested, and the result was neoprene, aproduct super-' for tonatural rubberin many ways.'

To realise the full impact of Father Nieuwland's discovery it is necessary torecall thatsincerubberfirstbecame economically important in th%world, scientists had tried in vain to fathom its elusive structure. Men in laboratoriesbadtoiledyearstosynthesisethe milkof the hevea tree,only to bemet time after time with failure. That rubber was acombination of hydrogen and carbon they knew, but how these elements were fitted intothe jigsaw structure of natural rubber remained amystery.

Synthetic Rubber,

Yearspassed,FatherNieuwland,who meantime had become professor of organic chemistry at Notre Dame, one dayin1920hituponamayoftrapping the gas that was liberated by his experiments. Ile found ayellowish oil in addition to the gas,and in 1923 he treated this oil withsulphur dichloride toproducean'elasticsubstanceresemb. ling rubber. The priest now knew what he had, but characteristically he failedtomentionhisdiscovery fortwo years.,

Dr. Elrrler K. Boltin, of the Du Pont laboratories, who was then engaged in research for arubber synthetic, was bored that day in Rochester when the Notre Dame professor arose todeliveralecturebeforethegroup of organicchemists. His-boredom disappeared when this professor mentioned the substance formed by the union of acetvlene and the alkali metals. Arrangementswerecompletes]andtheDu Pont Company took over Father Nieuwland's work with the priest as a consultant.

Father Nieuwland, who died in 193(t, never collected the royalties from his discovery. As apriest oftheCongregationoftheHolyCross,hehadtaken vows ofpoverty, sotheproceeds goto the Congregation.

the flavour of fresh,raw milk, as do so many other milk drinkers, and the hardship is that they swill have to taketheend they don'tlike,havingno choice,and that not the best,

"This has been an excellent opportunityfortheenforcementofthismilk restriction, when the average mind is so preoccupied with war-time difficulties, that they are too tired to penetrate below the surface in such matters. If the controllers would allow the freedom of choice which ought to existinademocraticcountry,itwould be different, but for thoserwho have carefully studied the pro'sand cons, and are convinced it is astep in the wrong direction,such compulsion becomes tyranny and savours of the totalitarian system we are so bitterly fighting against."

Established 1874.

Official Qrganofthe Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressall communicationstothe Editor, Box A35,G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH. TELEPHONE: B6950.

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1944.

Summer Schools,

The Catholic Church in the \Vest may \well be proud of the widerangeand practical valueofitsCatholic institutions, inwhich all thespiritual needs ofhersubjectsarecatered for. The ntjuistraticns of religion are brought within the reach of the most distant and scattered members of the flock. Their children are provtt'cd with Catholic schools. wherever the number warrants • it. The orphans are cared for as the wards of the Church, in all atmosphere that conforms asclosely as possible with the ideal home life. The aged poor and the sick are tended by hands that arc consecrated to their service, so that it may well be said that the interestandcare ofthe Churlsextends front thecradle to thegrave.

T • # f

Until recent time, howewcr, aserious problem confronted the 'Church, which proved difficult of solution. It was true that the consolations of religion were \%ithin reach of all, but not ill the same proportion. 'Phis was particularly trite of the country children \\-

]to lived too far away front Catholic schools, and were too ;isolated to conic within t1:e influence of the g,en(-ral-educational system. Western lustrafia, though the largest of the States, is the least densely populated. \Vith aterritory alntsoteight times ;that of Great Britain, it was naturally more diftictilt to deal with '.the religious education of the children. Some method had to be }devised to take the place of the Catholic school, and thus was ievol•ed the Bushics' tichente, which is doing,

such wonderful work to-day. r

r •

I The original idea involved the drafting, of the children to the sea coast during school holidays,""here one large Sunttner School was conducted, under-

the auspices of the Sisters. These first schools were an undoubted success, and surpassed the expectationsevenofthe mostsanguine. BtV it wasfound that the transportquestion wastoo expensive;and that the school was too large .for the most effective results. Hence the schools were localised, ,and conducted on parochial lines, rather than Diocesan, each disI

trictbeing responsible for its own catechumens. In this way the 'best results have been obtained. The good work these schools haveeffectedis almostincalculable,fortheir work isthemostpracticalofall missionary activity. It provides the only opportaniay of proper religious instruction which these children receive, and it forms anddevelops good subjects for the Church, more effectively, perhaps, than any foreign missionary work. The fact that conditions in the hush tend to make parents careless only adds to the necessity. Quit(- frequently tilt'children actas little missionaries later on in their homes, and lead their parents back to the practice of the Faith.

A decided advantage of the scheme is the religious atmosphere in which it

is conducted. While boarding at the Convent, thechildren learn many

pious practices and habits throughout the dailyroutinework

of theschool. Theylearn thevalueofthe Sacramentsand the meaning

of the Real Presence in apractical way, through living in such close contact with the Church

With the zealous Sisters as their teachers, the school becomes in reality a veritable enclosed retreat, where theory and practice are carefully combined, inamanner which is liable to form the mostlasting impressions. Experience hasproved theworth of those impressions, and has gained for the scheme the honour of being one of the nhnst deserving and practical formsofCatholic Action in the West.

43T. MARY'S CATHEDRALCHOIR.

VacanciesforBoys.

There are some vacancies for older boys(about10,11 and12),particularly those possessing some knowledge of music. Application should be made in person any morning at the C.B.C., St. George's Terrace, about 9 a.m. Younger boysand those already interviewed should also come and make fieal arrangements.

The conditions are, that successful bcysare given scholarships at theColleje, which cover all subjects and spurt,includingsingingas anexamina

tion subject (University examinations), the latter beingused as an extra subject for the Junior.

VacanciesforMen.

During the absence of our men in the fighting forces, the need of help frombothtenorsandbassesisveryurgent,andevenpeoplewhoareonlystationedhere for ashort while could be agreathelp. Thechoir'sworkisvery seriously hampered by the absence of our men and help is badly needed. Father Lynch may be seen either at theCathedralorinthemorningsatthe Christian Brothers' College. St. George's Terrace.

The last of aseries of talks will be given over6WN by the Rev,Dr.J. T. McMahon,onMonday, December 18,at 8.15

p.m., on"BetteringOneself CONFIRMATION

or ADULTS.

HisGracetheArchbishopwilladmin. interthe Sacrament ofConfirmation to adults in St. Mary's Cathedral on Friday, December 22, at 7p.m. Candidates are requested to inform the Administrator net later than Thursday, 21st.,andthose fromoutsidetheCathedral Parish will be required to furnish aletterfrom theirownparish priest.

PRIESTS'CONFERENCE.

The Quarterly Conference of the priestsof the metropolitanareawillbe held at the Chapter Hall, Victoria Square, at 10 a.m. on Friday, December 15.

Catholic Broadcasts

This Sunday, December 10, Pontifical Benediction will be broadcast from St. ,

. Mary'sCathedral,ontheoccasionof the solemn celebration of the Sunday within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception, the Patronal Feast of the Cathedral and the Archdiocese. The preacherwillbeRev.J.Hollis,SJ.,and special music will be sung by the Cathedral Choir, under the direction of Rev. A. Lynch. Miss Frances Moran will Letheorganist. The Midnight 'Mass on Christmas Eve will be broadcast as usual by the Auistralian Broadcast Commission, Station6WF.

New Year's Eve:

Solemn Benediction and Te Deum will be broadcast from the Cathedral by Station6PR.

The Catholic Answer:

Every Sunday night at 9.p.m., Stations 6PR and 6T2.

BUSSELTON

SUMMERMASS TIME TABLE.

Throughout the summer season, Mass will be celebrated in Busselton at 7.30 a.m. on Sundays.

Arcobiocou

On Sunday, December10, at 4p.m., in St. Mary'sCathedral,_HitGrace the Archbishopwill consecrateaspirantsof the Children of Mary Sodality of the Cathedral Parish. The ceremony will conclude with Pontifical Benediction ofthe Blessed Sacrament,givenbyHis Grace.

ARCHBISHOP'S ENGAGEMENTS.

December 6: 6.45 a.m.: Celebrate Mass at the Ilome of the Little Sisters of the Poor,"Glendalough."

8p.m.: Preside at Annual Distribution of Prizes at St. Louis' School, Claremont.

December 10: 11 a.m.: Preside at Solemn High Mass in St. Mary'sCathedral, on the occasion of the celebration of the Titular Feast.

December 10: 4p.m.: Consecrate Aspirants of the Children of Mary Sodalitv of the Cathedral Parish.

December 11: .8p.m.:AttendAnnualSocialof the LegionofMary,atCathedral Hall.

December 15: 10 a.m.: Preside atQuarterly Conference of Priests of the metropolitan area, at the Chapter Hall, Victoria Square.

December 22: 7p.m.: Administer theSacrament of Confirmation toAdults in St. Mary's Cathedral.

December244"t.Mary'sCathedral: ChristmasEve: Midnight, Pontificate Christmas Day: 11 a.m., Preside at Solemn High Mass.

December28(FeastoftheHoly Innocents): Celebrate Alass at St. Vincent's FoundlingHome,Subiaco.

DecemberS1-8t.Mary'sCathedral: 7.30p.m.:SolemnTeDeum andPontifical Benediction.

Parents ! Now is the Time to Consider Your Daughter's Training for 1945

If sheisof school leaving age and wishestotake upabusinesscareer, we haveanexcellentcourse,whichincludes tuition in Shorthand, Typewriting, B(x)kkeeping,BusinessEnglishandLetter Writing, Business Arithmetic, Bu'si• nessPrincip,es,andtheoperationofthe Comptometer and Ledgermachines..

In 12 months from enrolment your daughterwillhaveobtainedathorough knowledge of these subjects with 1to 3month's' PRACTICALexperience in ourownoffices.

JUNIOR PREPARATION may be taken WITHOUTEXTRACOST. We have many students each year studying for theJUNIOR EXAMINATION, and ourpercentage ofpassesisalways exceptionally high.

The fee is payable by easy monthly instalments. We invite you to call at our office before the College closes on 15th. December,to arrangeforyourdaughter to begin when we re-open on 15th. January.

We willbepleasedtodiscuss the matter without placing you under any obligation.

ArchbishopOpensBiennialConferenceofH.A.C.B.S.

Lauds Efforts for Youth ...

Warns Against Materialistic Movements

*Hibernian Interest in Minor Seminary and Week-End RetreatsYear Shows Increase of Membership

The Biennial Conference of the Hibernian Society washeldatthe Parish Hall Highgate Hill, on November 24 and 25, and was officially opened by HisGrace the Archbishop, and accompanying His Grace nvere the District Chaplain,Very Rev.FatherJ. Wallace, Adm., and Rev, Father Rafferty. The Chaplain of St. Malachis Branch, Rev. FatherP. O'Sullivan, was present later onduringtheconference.

The Grand President, Bro. J. Finnegan, presided,and the following Grand officers werepresent: Bro. T. R.Walker, G.V.P.; C. E. Baker, Y.G.P.; C. D. Felton, G'1'.; P. J. Reidy, G.W.; Il. S. Moir, G.G.; W. A. Brown, D.B.M.; L. M. Goerke, D.B.M.; A. J. Willett, D.B.M.; T. J. Hynes, R.G.T.; J. Edwards, G.S,; and the Grand auditors, Bros.A.E.HeagneyandJ.W.Whitely.

Thebrancheswererepresentedbythe following delegates: Star of the Sea Branch,Bros.J.S.Dowling,P.N.S.,and D. Sugrue; St. Patrick's, Bros. T. E. O'DonoghueandJ.O'Reilly; St.Mary's Branch,Kalgoorlie,Bro.M.O'Halloran; All Hallows, Boulder, Bro. NI. S.Sharkey; MirrorofJustice,'Bunbury,Bio.J. Shanahan; St. Kevin's, Bro, P. SweeneyandSr.P.Hogan;St.Brigid's,Bro. W. Slytb; St. Anthony's, Bro. 0. Ilan lon and Sr, K. JlcDermott; St. Malachi's, Sr. P. Condrenand Bro.D.Sinclair; St. Joachim's, Srs.F. M. Murphy and N. Daly; St. Lawrence O'Toole's, Bro, R. O'Connor; St. Canice's, Bro. J. Harvey; St. Mary's, Leederville, Sr. N. Joyce and Bros, J. Casey and R. Ferguson; St. Francis Savier's.Geraldton, Bro. A. E. Heagney; Holy Rosary Branch, Bro. D. J. McGerr; Help of Christians'Branch,Bros.J.EganandJ.

Finnegan, jum.; Cathedral Women's Branch,Sr.A.J.Coffey.

TheGrand President, in his opening address, saidthatitwas his pleasure and privilege to heartily and sincerely welcomeHisGracetheArchbishopand theRev.FathersWallaceandRafferty. The Society was very grateful to His Graceforattendingtoopen,theConference,and the membersappreciated his actionverymuch indeed. Ileassured HisGraceoftheloyaltyof the Society and itsmembers,and saidthatthe Soci-ty would feel privileged to help IsisGrace in any way thathe thought that itcould be ofassistance to him, (Applause.) HisGrace was given an enthusiasticreception whenhearose to address Conference.

HisGracesaid that hewa'sdelighted to have the opportunity of attending theConference. IIeknewofthesplen, did work that was being done by the Hibernian Society, and he was most anxious to help it in every possible way. Ile thanked the Societyfor the splendid work which it nvas doing for the Catholicpeople---;spiritually,materially and socially. He was only sorry that more did not take advantage of those benefits, but he hoped that as time wenton the people would realise moreandmorethebenefitsthataccrue to membership of the Hibernian Society, and would become enthusiastic members. lie was pleased, particularly,with the Society'sinterest in the juvenilebranches. Weheardmuchtoday, His Grace continued, of Yonth Movements. Therewas adanger that these movementswoulddo more harm than good, as they had done in other countries, unless they were established onaspiritualbasis. TheSocietycateredforitsjuvenilemembers—spiritually, materially and socially. The recent case in the Children's Court indicated veryclearly howperilousyouthorganisations are if conducted on apurely materialistic basis. He was sorry to saythatsomeofourCatholicboysand girls had been drawn towards such organisations and clubs, through ignor• anceno doubt, buthe hoped that the parent: of these boys andgirls would take heed of the warning and make everyeffort to seethat theirboys and girls took advantage of the benefits provided by the juvenile branches of the Hibernian Society and by the CatholicYouthOrganisationsforboysand girls, whi ,

-h werealready establishedin our midst. There were, of course, manyboysandgirlswhohadtheirown familyrcircles-forsocial activities.They were happy and content in following theirownhobbies,butifhomelifehad becomesoenervated, as unfortunately ithadintoomanyinstances,andifthe parents wereobliged to seek social activitiesinoutsideorganisationsfortheir boysandgirls,thenatleasttheyshould takeadvantage of the organisations that had been established by the Church.

The Hibernian Society had always maintained ahigh moral and social tone and breathed the purest atmosphere of Catholic ideals and Catholic loyalties. If we wanted any proof of theCatholicspiritof theSociety we had that proof in the help which the Society wasgiving to the Seminary at Guildford. His Grace thanked the members for that generous assistance. They were helpingaworthycauseand it would F.ring down on them many blessings Ilewasdelighted,too,tobear that week-end Retreats for members werebeingwellpatronised,particularly bythe young members Theseyoung members, His Grace said,arethe hope of the Society of to-morrw,and it was

Iwellthattheywerebeingsteepedinthe traditionsof theSocietynrid that they were bring imbued with its catholic spirit.

IlethankedFather.Wallace,asChap. lain, for his interest in the welfare of the Society, and all the priests who werehelpingitinanyway. Ilewished God'sblessingon their deliberations.

The Conference passed resolutions submittedbytheDistrictBoardhaving fortheirobjectthesafeguardingofthe interests of the members if and when the Federal Government's social security legislation comes into operation.

The report of the District Board showedthatthemembership increased by 111 during 1943.44. Arrangements weremadetoexpandthesocialworkof the Society.

The following Grand officers were elected: Grand President, Bro. T. R. Walker; Grand Vice-President, Bro. C. D.Felton; GrandTreasurer,Bro.P. G. Reidy; Grand Warden, Bro.A.J. Wil. lett; GrandGuardian,Bro,H.S.Moir; lli',

trict Board members, Bros. W. A. Brown,L. M.GoerkeandJ.Wall; Representative Grand Trustee, Bro. T. J. limes; Grand Trustees, Bros. T. J. Hynes, W. A. Brown, R. P. McKenna and J. J. Bendon; Grand Auditors, Bros. J. W. Whiteley, A.C.I.A., and A. E. Heagney, A.C.I.A.

:1 report ofthe annualGeneralCommunionandBreakfastmillbepublished in nextweek's issue of"The Record."

St. blachl's Branch, Highgate.

AtthemeetingheldonNovember29, it wasdecided to hold aChristmasso• vial at the Parish Hall on Thursday, December 14, and an invitation is extended to the members of otherbranches to participate. The president heartilycongratulated Bro.DonFelton on hiselectionasGrand Vice-President at the recent Conference. The delegates,Sr.P.CondrenandBro.DonSinclair, submitted interesting reports of theConference. The branch waswell representedattheGeneralCommunion and Breakfast.

Metropolitan Social Council.

Thelastcouncilmeetingforthe year washeldlastFriday,andtheusualseason's greetings extended to delegates. The river trip to Keane's Point wasa huge success, but, unfortunately, the Val boats are not available again untilMarch11, TheChristmassocials are in full swing and very enjoyable, aswasthecomplimentarysocialatLee• derville on November22. Next meetingwillbeheldonfirst FridayinFebruary, when delegates are expected in full force to arrange for enlarged pro. grammeforsocialactivitiesandtoproducesomethingindramaticform.Memhers with any talent are invited to co-operate.

W✓ANJ T Jn

Young men who wish to dedicate their lives to the work of THE FOREIGN MISSIONS!

Anew Mission Seminary is being opened by the Divine Word Fathers at Marburg, Queensland, in March, 1945. This Mission Seminary has for itsexpressand solepurpose the educationofyoung men whowishto dedicate their lives to the Propagation of the Faith in foreign lands, particularly in the South Seas.

Students will be accepted after successful completion of the Junior (Intermediate) Examination.

Candidates will present testimonial lettersfrom their Parish Priests, as well as from theirSchool Superiors.

Young men interested in the Missionary Brotherhood are also urgedtomake inquiries.

For further particulars, write to—

REV. DANIEL DRISCOLL, ?.V.D., MISSIONSEMINARY, MARBURG,QUEENSLAND.

AquinasReportRevealsSpiritofPietyandReligiousfervour -

inCollege

Headmaster Deplores Outlook of Materialistic Educationalists

Outstanding LScholastic and Sporting Results

Lieutenant-Governor Attends Speech Night and Presents Prizes

His Excellency, attended by Commander 13.L.Binden, was

'netoahisar. rival by the headmaster (Rev. Brother W. V. Green), the Lord Mayur and Lady Mayoress (Dr. and Mrs. T. IV. Meagher), Very Rev. Dr. 1. T IleMahon, M.A., Ph.D., Rev. J Fariniog (College Chaplain) Rev I3ro. T. 13. Garvey, Headmaster,C.B.C., Perth, e.ud

I3 Rev. ro. J. A. O'Connor, Ileadmaster, C.B.C., Fremantle.

The studentsofthe(;u''ege fertile(] a guard of honour to welcome ills Ex. cellency, and the Co'!e;­c Choir enter twined the visitors to an excellna pro• gramme of choral items, physical culture display, and verve speaking cuteitainment.

HEADMASTER'SREPORT.

Your Excellency, my Lorl Mayor and Ladv Mayoress, Very Reverend Dr McMahon, Very Reverend Fathers, Ladies and Gentlemen,— Itis myprivilege topresent youwith -the report of the scho'Pst:c year new iterminating—the seventh since the 'foundationofAquinas.

First)•, may 1express, on my own behalf and thatofthisverydistinguish. ed gathering,amostcordialgreeting to His Excellency, Sir James Mitchell, K.C.M.G., the Lieutenant Governor of West Australia. Icanassureyour Ex. cellency that your presence is agreat sourceofpleasuretousall,andthatwe appreciate the honour that you have accorded us in gracing our Speech Night by your presence. Ireadily re. :ciprocate the goodwill and esteem for Aquinas that your Excellency has so often and so kindly expressed, and I trust that you will long enjoy health and strength to fulfil the high office, 'which at present you so richly adorn ;and thatweshallhave the honorer and pleasure of your presence at Aquinas for many years to come.

Looking back over the momentous !year that is now drawing to its close. ;we see that,morethan ever in history, the world is governed by ideas. The .cleavage, so apparent in the political world,isacleavageofwhatnewspapers call ideologies—in other words, of philosophies.

There isaphilosophy of government underlying and controlling the demo• cracies and the dictatorships. If the philosophyiswrongthewholestructure built op on it will also be wrong, and tyranny and injustice to nations, as well as to individuals, will be the inevitable result.

So far, there is aphilosophy of life, adefinite interpretation of values underlyingalleducationaltheorie'sanddetermining the direction of their devel. opment. Ifmanisnothingmore than ahighly-organised social animal, with no spiritual element or supernatural destiny, then obviously his material and biological well-being is the summuin bonum:natural science should form thebasisofhiseducation and the schoolshouldbeconcernedmainly with matterand motion. There is no room for morals or for religion except as prudential safeguards.

This is education as it appeals to Secularist's all the world over, and it differs fundamentally from the educationforwhichaCatholicCollegestands. Needless to say, if man is conceived a creatureofGod'sown making,elevated toadoptivesonshipwithGod,endowe•? withspiritual faculties and destined for immortality, the education which is developed from such principles will differ widely from that based on materialism. Thegreatboastof Materialistic education is that it has led men from triumph to triumph, until to-day he is master of the stupendous forces of nature. That may be: but recent crises in the world's present dilemma r^veal the fart that man is no nearer

achieving his greatest victory, namely, his own conquest.

If pride, greed, selfishness, the lust for power can bring the world to the very -

brink of the abyss, surely thereis room in our education systems the world over for nobler and purer ideals than those derived from materialism.

The ideal of Christian education, as we understand it, is to embrace the whole aggregate ofhuman life,physi,al andspiritual, in order to elevate, radulate and perfect it in accordance wits the teaching and example of Jesus Christ.

That intangible, yet real characteris. tic of acollege, which we may call its peculiar spirit or distinctive tone, can he sensed and appreciated to its fullest extentonly by immediate andpersonal experience of the life of the school.

It is as aboy cherishes the ideals of religion, of moral integrity, andof true citizenship that he can effectively con tribute to the spirit and distinctive lone ofaCatholic College.

And indeed Iam in the happy posi• tion to report that the spirit of piety and deep religious fervour which has permeated the life of the College this pear has been asource of satisfaction and much consolation and edification, In this respect we are indebted to His GracetheArchbishop forhis sympathe• tic and practical interest on all occasions. We record also with much ap• preciation the devoted and zealous ef. forts of our resident chaplain, Rev. Father J. Fanning, and of Rev. Father F. O'Connor, whose priestly qualities and character have claimed our whole. hearted admiration and respect.

Ourboy's are earnestly recommended to become members of the HolyName Society, the Conference of St. Vincent de Paul, the Propogation of the Faith and Holy Childhood, all of which are flourishing associations within the College.

The closed Retreat for our Seniors was conducted by Rev. Father Joyce, C.SS.R., to whom we acknowledge our indebtedness and thanks for his spiritualmanifestationsduring thispar. ticular period.

The head prefect and captain of the College was Jerome Bowen. His gentlemanly qualities and conscientious discharge of duty amply justify the wisdomof his appointment. Since his advent to Aquinas, five years ago, JerRme has identified himself in amost remarkable way in allschool activities. As dux of his respective classes for four successive years, and this year ranking third on the classlist, heholds amost outstanding scholastic career. Norhas heconfined hisattentionsolely to studies; he rowed for his school thelast two years in the"Bead of the River Eight,". was, vice-captain of the College XVIII., and aprominent member of the team, and also represented the College in the ist. XI. This year he crowns his career bybeing appointed Head Prefect and Captain of the School; and Iam therefore pleased to acknowledge such sterling ability, loyalty and industry. Ile was ably assisted by an excellent executive of Prefects: Brian O'Hara, Alan Hinkley, George Palassis, Hector:)tiller, Thomas Outridge, Philip Meagher, John Rodoreda, Joseph Schwarz, Robert Forkin, William Melvin, Denis Cullity.

The Dux of the College is Brian O'Hara, who well deserves his success, and carries with him our congratula. tions and best wishes for further success.

iwish to record with pleasure our successesinthe PublicExaminationsof 1913 To-dav aschool is judged in large measure by its success in exam. inations. If that isso, we have every rea'•nn to be proud ofour present position.

In the Leaving Certificate examina. tions, twenty-one complete passes were obtained, with distinctinns covering quite awide range of subjects, including English, French, Latin, Mathematics A, Mathematics B, Applied Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Hygiene.

OurbestpasseswereobtainedbyTerence Bourke and Donald McKenna, each obtaining seven subjects with six distinctions. These passes were bracketedwith one from another school as the mostbrilliant in the State, and for the fourth successive year came our way,

AUniversityExhibitionwasawarded to each: Donald McKenna obtaining also first place in the Commonwealth Public Service and Terence Pourke third.

Other oustanding passes were obtainedbyPeterBantingandGeoffreyKeating, each with seven subjects with three distinctions. In the Junior Certificate examination there were thirtyfive passes recorded; David St. J. Kennedy winningaCoombe Scholarship.

Theseresults areevident proofofthe efficiency and solidity of our work at Aquinas,andpoint to the fact thatour boys are as jealous of their scholastic records as they are of their other traditions.

We treat as important phases in our curriculum Literary, Musical and Specch Training,also Dancing.

Educationalists are in harmony in assessing and appraising the worth of those subjects in acurriculum which make foranobler conception and a more delicate appreciation of the finer and more spiritual ideals of life. The cultivation of the ne,thetic sense developing an appreciative attitude of mind towards the fine arts hasbeen of incalculable advantage to boys of all times. They will thus be provided withameansofenjoyingdelightfuland refiningleisureandofavoidingsomuch thatsosordidandbaseintheirimmediate environment.

Duringtheyearspecial attention has beengiven to suchtraining,andin this respect may Iexpress grateful appreciation to Misses Kavanagh, Scott and to Mrs. Allen, for their whole-hearted co-operation and effective training of ourboys.

The value of sport in the scheme of education needsno justification nowa days. Its place is assured and its importanceisbeing now emphasisedasits results become apparent.

In February we held our Annual Swimming Carnival at Crawley Baths, Our College champion was R. Kelly, who won the"A. D. Scott" Cup, while W. Melvin holds thejunior title, St. Peter's(captained by J. Streich) won the "Gibson Cup" as Champion House.

In the Interschool Swimming contest we shared the title of Champions with Hale. Our team work was excellent, and reflectsgreat credit dut to careful coachingandconstant trainingon part of the team. Thisis aseventh successive win. We wish to acknowledge thanks and appreciation to Mr. Gibson who has so generously identified him. self with our swimming activities.

In the Public Schools' Regatta we won 1st., 2nd.,and 3rd. Fours, also the 2nd."Eights," but failed to hold the title of Head of the River Champions. We congratulate Haleon theirsplendid victory, and extend thanks to Mr. Wroblewski for his attention and care. ful coaching ofthecrews.

We were champions again in the Interschool Football competition's from the1st.XVIIi (captained by A. Hinkley), including all grades to our 8th. .)-

VIII. To our captains, teams and coach(Mr.G. Dolan! we offerheartiest congratulations on amost successful season.

Our annual Athletic Meeting provided much interest and pleasure this year. The Archbishop'sCup was won byC.Stacey:asChampionAthlete.The Junior title is held by K. Murphy, St. Peter's(captained by J. Streich) won the "Dunkling Cup" as champion )louse.

The interschool Competition this year was one of the greatest"thrills"

experienced in the history of the Competition. It wasonly inthefinalrace thatour place asChampions wassecured by anarrow margin of l3 points from Hale.

To.our team (captained by J. Schwarz) we offer heartiest congratulationsonsuchameritoriouswin.

TheCollegeXI.,captainedbyT.Outridge, has had a most eventful and thrilling cricket season. After drawing with Guildford Grammar and Scotch, respectively, in the first round, losing to Guildford Grammar later in the season, and winning all other games, we annexed Premier honour's for the fifth successive year. We extendcongratulationstoourcaptainand tea mon such an outstanding performance.

We have wonallgradesfrom 1st. XI. to 7th. XI., inclusive, and in some grades we-were-Champions.

May Iexpress our grateful appreciation to Rev. Brothers Dwyer (Leeder. ville) and Murphy (Terrace), whohave given the boys such expert coaching, not only in cricket but also in tennis.

In the College tennis tournaments, theSenior Cupwas won by AlanHinkley, theJunior and Juvenile by Victor Aikenhead and Francis Drabble, respectively.

The following have obtained "honours" in the respective branches of sport:

Athletics: A. Hinkley,G. Palassis, R. Forkin, J. Donovan, L. Pekovich, D. Collins, J. Streich, W. Fornero, B•. Brearley, A.Martin.

Cricket: W. Forerno, R. Rigg, S. Donovan, L. Pekovich, G. Palassis, T. McDonald.

Football: L. Pekovich, R. Kelly, A. Golding, J. Saunders, W. Fornero, T. Outridge, D. Paskos,J. Rose.

Shooting: M. Bowen, J. Streich, It. Marwick, J. Bowen, H.;teller, A. Seed, K. Murphy.

Swimming: P. Gunnell, B. Brearley, N. Tunstill,G. Evans. 4

Rowing: P. Gunnell, A. Golding, C. Macnish, W. Melvin, J. Saunders, D. Collins, C. Brown.

Tennis: J. Bahen, L.Phillips,D. Paskas,S.Donovan,J.Edsor,A.Seed.

This resume of our sporting activi. ties naturally provides very pleasant reading for our patrons, and reflects amost creditable performance on the partoftheboys.

In 1942and1943wewoneachbranch of the sport, fixtures, while this year we annexed the swimming, football, cricketand athletics. Suchaperformance is amost enviable record for any school.

From the survey of these activities you will note the harmoniousblending ofthe intellectual training of the boys with their physical and moral developmerit on the sport's field. In support of this statement Iam pleased to remark that theboyswhoareprominent on oursports fields are also leaders in scholastic result, at the Public Examinations.

The satisfactory working of our Col. lege Cadet Detachment is amater of great pleasure indeed. We regard this phase of training of our boys to have far-reaching and beneficial results.

It inculcates habits of personal honour, restraint, respectforauthorityand adeepsenseofcivicduty; itimpliesall that is of vital importance in maintaining the well-beingofacountry.

The demonstrationofthe working of the Detachment,whichweheld recently at the College, provided for those who witnessed the spectacle an,insight into the work done by the different platoons" The occasion was honoured by His Excellency Sir James lfitchell, K.C.M.G., Lieutenant Governor, who graciously consentedtotake thesalute.

We congratulate the followingon obtaining their commissions as CadetLieutenant: Jerome Bowen, Brian O'Hara, Alan Hinkley, John Streich, and Hector Miller.

To Captain It. B. Meecham, Lieutenant B. Prendiville(O.C.),Warrant Officer Simpson, and to the above officers Iexpress sincere gratitude for the excellentworkingofthe Detachment during the year.

is

Dr.McMahon Addresses Students on Spirit of Patriotism

"On His Majesty's Service"—Who Rides in the Chivalry of Christ?

How Prayer and the Sacraments Strengthen the Natural Weakness of Character

"No leave ...

no cessation of hostilities"

To the parents and relatives of our Old Boyswho have made thesupreme sacrifice in the present war, who regarded patriotism as no idle boast nor empty sentiment, but areligious obligation of their dual Consecration to Godand Country, Ioffer our heartfelt anddeepest sympathyin their sad bereavement.

ThisyearmarkstheCentenaryofthe deahofourreverend founder, Edmund Ignatius Rice. Throughout the world where are established foundations of theChristian Brothers,thenameofour founder has been honoured this year by religions and civic functions. He hasbeendescribed asagenuineapostle notonlv for the Church inIreland,but for the Church throughout the world. Ile began his Apostolate in a crucial period when Penal Laws held sway and the down-trodden Irish race had scarcely- •

anvschoolteacherstoformthe heartsofthe young tovirtueorto en• lighten their understanding. But in company with his first companions he achieved triumphs in theworldoferlucation which were destined to last for all time.

Here in Australia, to commemorate the event, it has been proposed to enlarge our present Training College st Strathfield. The new additionsare to beknown as the"Rice Memorial." for whichalready wehavebeen thehappy recipientsofgenerousdonations. Mav Itake thisopportunity of thankingon behalf of our Brother Provincial our generousdonors.

Throughthemedium of thisrecordI should like to convey to our Committee ofLadies,who have so generously given their time and material assist• ance in forwarding the social interests oftheCollege,oursincerestthanksand grateful appreciation.

To Dr. T.W. Meagher, for his minis trationstous, toMatronRamsteadand Sister McCarthy, for their attention to our hoes, and to the donors of our prizes,Ibegtoacknowledgeourthanks and indebtedness.

To Isis Excellency, Sir James Mit• chell, K.C;M.G., who hassokindlyconsented to present our prizes; to His Lordship the Lord Mayor and Ladv Mayoress (Dr. and Ates. T. W. Meagher), to Very Rev. Dr. J. T. McMahon, M.A., Ph.D.(Diocesan Director of Education), who have honoured us lt}-

their presence, and to you, ladies and gentlemen, Ithank you for your gracious patronage, and Iextend a most cordial greeting.

W.V.GREEN, Headmaster.

ON HIS MAJESTY'S SERVICE

ADDRESS BYVERY REVEREND

DR. MoMAHON, M.A., Ph..D., TO STUDENTS.

Ayearhasgonesincelastwegather. ed in thissylvan setting to hear from the Headmaster, Brother Green, anothermemorable reportofachievement intheacademicfieldofscholarshipand in the athleticfield ofsport. And in the noble field of patriotism the share the pride of parents in the sons of Aquinas-who are taking their part in bearing aloft the flag of their country on sea, on land, and in the air. Since last we met here, four old boys of Aquinashave given theirlivesfortheir countryatwar:

Joseph Flynn, Brian Ferres, Garr• Prendiville. FrankMcGrath.

hath, thatamanlaydown his life for hisfriends." And we who remain to lament theirgoing out to die in their first enthusiasm, so young ,and so un. sullied by the breath of life, have the sweetmusicof Horace's words to console us:"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori."

ACommencement.

In the U,S.A., the concluding exercisesofahigh school,suchasAquinas, is called a "commencement"—a very appropriate term for the boyswho are about to leave this sheltered life to commencelivinginthemorecombative and harsheratmosphere of the market place. What thought shall we give those boys on whom the college gates will close for the last time? Can we plantaseedintherich,generoussoilof their young hearts, aseed that will. strike its rootsdeep down, aseed that they will continue to nourish and nurture in quiet moments of reflection, a seedthatwillsprout,blossom,bud,and grow apace with themselves as they movefromyouth tomanhood? Yes,I think the have such athought for our boyswhoare leaving us. Let us borrow those words which the see borne on thebrows of men and women to. day, for theyhold up asplendid ideal before the eyes of youth. The words Irefer to are:"On His'Majesty's Ser• vice." To-day men and women actu• ated by the sport of those words are spending themselves in the service of theircountrybydayand by night.No higher motto could he accepted by youth.

Thosenoblewords,"OnHis.Majesty's Service,"havewithinthemaninnerfire which propels those who live them to better and higher and deeper things. They are seed-thoughts which contain theflowerofthe future. Youth pow• eredbytheseinspiringwordswillbuild from within himself the temple of his owncharacter. Acceptingthesewords asamottois tocallforth what isbest andselflessinthehuman spirit.

IntheServiceof Christ the Bing.

Asyougoforththisnight tothebat. tle of life, bear those golden words uponyourbrow,andwrite themdeeply upon your hearts. "On His Majesty's Service" means for you boys, and indeedfor all of us, loyalty, devotion, love,andservice toChrist,the Kingof Kings, Who shall reign for ever and ever. Butallowme to interpretwhat living those words demand. A soldier'sfirstduty is to obev: to obey fully, withoutany reservations.

IntheserviceofChristthe King,you crust obey His Ten Commandments and other marching orders which are issuedfrom Hisheadquarterson earth, theCatholicChurch.

As asoldier, you must keep your fighting equipment ready, and your powder dry. Without ammunition a soldierisineffective. In the mostIm. portant battle of life, the battle to masterandcontroloneself,theammunition isprayer. There is the mighty prayeroftheMass,through which you can strengthen whatever is weak in your character, and build up that virtuesoessential toyou.Thereisthesustainingandnourishing prayerof Holy Communion. You have in theservice of Christ the King aprivilege denied the ordinary soldier in the field. At any time you so desire, you can have aprivateinterview with yourComman. der-iwChief. You can speak to Him as ason to afather. You can learn

His plans for you. You can make known your difficulties and seek His guidanceandhelp. Afteractionevery soldier returns to his base to heal his wounds, and to gain new strength to return tofightagain. Inthecleansing andrefreshingprayerofacontriteand humble confession yotr are renewed, made new men, ready to take up the fightwhereyou leftoffthroughhuman frailty.

For the soldier ofChrist there isno leave, no cessationof.hostilities. Life is the battle-ground of virtue, and on the fight goes from the cradle to the grave. Without the ammunition of self-denial, self-discipline, self-control,

self-conquest, self-mastery, you cannot hope to win the fight. You are sol• diers of athorn-crowned King. His standardistheCross,andinitsshadow you mustfightthegoodfight. Under that flag itmust be your ambition to die—with a.guarantee from yourCommander-in-ChiefofaninheritanceinHis Eternal Kingdom.

Goforth,then,boys,0nHisMajesty's Service. And you boys not ready to leave, keep the high ideal of His Majesty's Service before you during the shorttimeyou areyettospendinthis efficient training camp ofAquinasCollege. (Continued on Back Cover,)

J. C. HAMILT 0N, M.P.s.,PH.C.

CONSULTING CHEMIST.

197 BRISBANE STREET PERTH, Prescriptions Carefully and Accurately Dispensed Complete Stocks of PatentMedicines. Country Orders at City Prices. 'Phone B710.

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PERTH:

Cr. Beaufortand Isulw,r Streets. B9400.

CLAREMONT: Opposite Railway Station. 72177.

FREMANTLE: 85Market Street. L2428.

PARTNERS: WALLACE A. H. GREEN & GEORGE B.COCKERILL.

Our Catholic Schools and Colleges

Loreto Convent "Osborne" — Claremont BOARDING AND DAYCOLLEGE.'

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducation on modern lines in all branches of study. The pupils are prepared forallexaminations. TheSchoolis beautifully situated between Ocean and River, in extensive -

grounds, with fine playing fields and private Swimming Poolin River.

Telephone: F2135. Apply--* MOTHER SUPERIOR.

CHLISTIAN BROTHERS,MT. HENRY.

ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A. AQUINAS COLLEGE

TELEPHONE: MU1820. F016 BOARDERS AND DAY STUDENTS. BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS.

Beautifully Situated,overlooking the river, near the new CanningBridge. For Particulars apply to^—

The Principal, Aquinas College, CanningParade,Mt.Henry

SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL .

HIGHGATE — PERTH.

(CONDUCTED BY THE SISTERS NOTRE DAME DES MISSIONS). BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. PUPILS PREPARED ALL EXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORI SCHOOL FOR YOUNGCHILDREN. For Prospectus apply— 'Phcre: B3810. REV. MOTHER PRIORESS.

ST. ILDEPHONSUS' COLLEGE

NEW NORCIA CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS. , Catholic boysrecommended an thescore of character by their Parish Priest, and ready to commence atleast Sixth Standard or arrivA as be now enrolled for canimenoemaatin February, IN& Application shouldbemadeatonce. Acceptance during 1944 or LOU is no bagel' possible.

For Particulars Apply to—THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

-

Through their supreme sacrifice they have won the honour for themselves, for their families, and for their old school, of sharing in the Master's glory:"Greater love than this noman Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath Heater. Stocks of Paints, Varnisb, Calcomine. Hassell's Stores, Perth,.. BW.

Clive an Orphan Boy aHome for Christmas

Castledare

Appeals to Catholic Parents

The above is agroup of little lads whohave never tasted the joys of bcme life. Would any of our charitable readerscare to adopt oneof these lads for the Christmas holidays? TheSuperioroftheOrphanagewould bepleasedtohearfromanykindfriend who wouldbe disposed to helpin this most charitable work. Our Lord's words:"Whatyou dountothem—the poor—ydu do unto Me"

LeavueofCatholic Youth,Subiaco

Athletics.

Thefirstathleticmeetingbetweenthe boys' clubs was held on Saturday in rather close atmospheric conditions. NeverthelesstheL.C.Y.lads turnedup ready for the fray. Some budding champions from Fremantle strengthenedtheteamsconsiderably,andwereinstrumental in gaining those precious points.

All those boys competing on Saturday are to be congratulated for their

1-will betherewardofthose whorespond to this appeal.

fine performances and for co-operating so splendidly. Not only did we win handsomely, but the exhibition given by the boys one andall wasexcellent, and quite a good standard was inevidence. This augurs well for the future. The standard can be maintained and improved upononlybyearnestandregular practice. The training evenings are TuesdayandThursday,at4.30p.m.,onLeedcrvilleOval. Thesemeetingsare an opportunity for our Catholic boy's interested in athletics, to associate with their own, and by uniting together will form an athletic team second to none in the West.

D. HILL

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BUTCHER. NEWCASTLE ROAD, MIDLAND JUNCTION. Tel. 118Midland. TRUSSED POULTRY.

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FLOORING SPECIALISTS-Sandingand Polishing.

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It would be very encouraging if the boys' parentsandfriendsweretoshow their interestby coming along to urge alongtheirlads, Theirco-operationin this respect would help to encourage theboysandhelpersin theirambitions fortheboys'welfare.

Results:

+ IN MEMORIAM + OnService.

MAHONEY—Sacredtothememoryof Walter, whogavehislifesonoblyat Gona,N.G.,onNovembm30,1942(returnedM.E.).

—Insertedby hismotherand father, Lily(Mrs.Ferguson),John(R.A.A.F., N.G.), Harriet(Mrs. Hall), Nell, Joe and Tom (deceased), brother's-in-law JoeandRalph,sisters-in-law.Mayand Irene.

BRENNEN.—Ofyourcharity,prayfor the repose of thesoul ofMary 13rennen, beloved wife of William Brennen,fondmotherofThomasandDaniel, Immaculate Heart of Mary,. your prayers for her extol. Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul. We have loved herinlife, letusnot forgetherindeath.

DWYER.—Of your charity, pray for the reposeofthe:soulofDaniel FrancisDwyer, whodiedonDecember11, 1938. Rest in peace. Ever remembered by hisloving wife and family.

KANE, Richard Clement.—In loving memory of our dear husband and father,whodiedonDecember4,1943. .SacredHeartof.Jesus,havemercyon hissoul.

—Insertedbyhiswifeanddaughter.

NAISBITT.—Ofyour charity,prayfor the repose of the soulof Margaret, thebeloved wife ofCharlesNaisbitt, who passed away on December 5, 1942. Mayhersoulrestinpeace.

SMITH.—In fond andloving memory of our dear

wile and mother, Alice, who died on November23, 1942. Ever remembered byherlovinghusbandand family,

BOARDAND RESIDENCE.

Girl wants board with private family; handy Teachers' College, Claremont. Apply Anderson, 13 Obertherstreet, Kalgoorlie, Under19.

100 Yards: W.Hodge,3; R.Green,2.

440Yards: R.Jeffreys,1; R.Green,2. Mile:Sutherland,2.

HighJump:R.Birch, 1; L.Brady,2.

BroadJump: R. Green,2.

Shot Putt: R. Birch,2. Under16.

100Yards: R. Berkery, 1; A. Birch, I(seconddivision).

440 Yards: A. Birch, 1. Three-quarter Mile: G. Kerrigan, 3; Woodthorpe,3.

High Jump: Woodthorpe, 1; J. Rod. aly,2.

Broad Jump: G. Kerrigan,2.

Shot Putt: J.Berkery,1, . Under16,

100 Yards: J. Davidson, 3; B. Wil• liams, 3(2nd. division).

660Yards: B.Williams, 1: P.Hickey i(2nd.division).

BroadJump:C.Johnson,2;J.Brady, ,1.

HighJump: C.Johnson,2. Under14.

HighJump: J. Parker, 1: Clarke,2,

BroadJump:B.Werner,2.

Cricket,

On Saturday the team travelled to MidlandJunction,anddespitetheheat and the long journey, it was pleasing to see the excellent roll-up. The en. thusiasm is grand and if maintained will surely be crowned with success eventually.

Weexperienced our seconddefeat in theabove game,but only by28 runs. The final scores were: Midland Junction, 107; L.C.Y., 78. Len Lvonsbatted well to secure top score with 27 runs, and others to reach double figureswere Jim Marchmedt. Joe Hodge, and Phil Benns. Bowling honours wenttoBrianKeaywith5for39,while Pat Fitzsimmonssecured 2for 32 and GerryMcGrade 1for30.

TheLeagueis deeply grateful to\(r. W. Hegney for his interest in our activities byofficiating as umpire at the last two games.

Basket Ball.

The first round was completed last Thursdaynighht,whentheSuhiacoand Wembley teams met, and the night endedupwithonewineach.

The semi-finals will commence this week and be continued the following week.

GOOD NEWS.—Latest Enamel Gas andWoodStoves,newandsecond-hand. W.A.StoveCo.,WellingtonSt. BL 7.

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biseriminations

Eventhecrudestandmost primitive minds which have neither the capacity northedesiretomaketheeffortsneces. sary for abstraction or deductive rea. soning are captivated by the cinema. In placeof the effortwhich readingor listening demands, there is the con. tinned pleasure of asuccession of concrete and, so to speak, living pictures.

Thispowerisstillgreaterinthe talk. ing picture, for the reason that interpretation becomes even easier and the charm ofmusic is added to the action ofthedrama. Dancesandvarietyacts which are sometimes introduced between the films serve to increase the stimulationofthepassions.

Since,then, thecinemaisin realitya sort of object lesson which, for good or forevil, teachesthemajorityofmen more effectively than abstract reasoning, it mast be elevated to conformity with theaimsofaChristian conscience andsavedfromdepravinganddemoralising effects.—Pope Pius XI, in "VigilandCura."

THE JIOOCIIER:

The announcement from Hollywood this week that Warner Brothers' film studio had withdrawn from the Hays Office(theassociationofmotionpicture producersand distributors),thus marking the first break in the Hays film censorshiparrangement since itwasin,

tituted in 1923, recalls persistent, reli. able reports from Hollywood of late months that there is increasing agitation in some quarters for achange in the motion picture industry's self imposed production code. An American contemporary writes:

"The expected retirement of Will Hays, as head of the Production Authority, will be the cue for amore vigorous prosecutionof thecampaign.The aim of thisvocal minority is to substi. tute alooselywritten, innocuoussetof rules which would allow wider latitude for those who feel that the present re. strictions are stifling'artistic' expression.

"We all know from sad experience just how 'artistic' these individuals canbe. Itisn't soverylongago that their tactics brought the wrath of the

PIANO TUNING

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The BIOGRAPHY of G.K.CHESTERTON

BY MaisieWard

Here is definite Biography, The Authoresswasgivenallfamilypapers; relatives and friends collaborated; here are the realGilbert and Frances Chesterton.

Childhood and Youth;difficulties of early employment; Love-letters and Marriage;allapreliminarytotherichnessandvarietyofhismanhood His travels,lectures,literary battles, Conversion to the Faith,friends; all are here;forming aglorious company and an outstanding biography of a "man mountain."

ILLUSTRATED. 618 Pages.

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It is mostprobable that stocks willbe very limited—consequently, orders will be filled isrotation.

vastmajorityofaudiencesdownonthe industry. Itrwasonly through the in. telligent—and liberal—provisions governing the production of pictures set forth in the Code that Hollywood regained its lost prestige. Any attempt to scrap the rules of the game at this stage is cause for genuine alarm. It follows the pattern set in the past by those whobelieve license and freedom are synonymous.

"Our political and industrial life is dotted withindividualswhofindanyrestriction,no matter how beneficial for the general welfare, a-frontal attack on their freedom of expression or action. They are present in large numbers on the fringe of the motion pic. ture industry. Many of them only recently fled from the capitalsof Europe where their irresponsibility and flouting of every moral precept paved the wayforaggressionandpersecution. If permitted.theywould pursue the same sourse here. Thefirst step. under the guise oP"liberalism," is to call forarelaxation of moral standard's. Once that has been successfully accomplished,thepathissmooth. Tragic though it may be to find so many individuals lacking asense ofmoral responsibility, the greater tragedy will be passive acceptance of their pressure activities by an industry which at this moment stands higher in public esteem than ever before."

THE GENTLE SEX.

This film, produced by the late Leslie Howard, is astory of seven girls with different background's, codes, and types of upbringing, who join the A.T.S. on the same day and who find acommonunderstanding almost in the rigours, humours, and ideals of service. With the exception of aview of How• ard's back in the opening scene on a railway station balcony, he is for the rest of the film merely avoice on the sound track, philosophising, questioning the girls motives, and giving the very sketchy story acertain coherence by interpolative comment, brightened at times by sudden gentle shafts of humour. If Leslie Howard could never have been the outstanding actor thathe was, hisbeautifully modulated voicewouldbearealassettoany film.

"The Gentle Sex" has little story. Nothing very exciting happens to any ofthegirls,andthefilmisasdevoidof thrt'JIs as aJane Austen novel. The early scenes were shot in areal A.T.S. Training Camp, 'somewhere in England, and judging by the joyous whoops ofsundry khaki Amazons seated near me,manyof the authentic toucheswereevidently wholly familiar. Rosamund John, whose completely undistinguished performance in Howard's "The First of the Few" is still remembered, rather redeems herself in this filmasMaggie,adourScotslassie.Hers is the most telling characterisation of thesevengirls inearch of--?

Iunderstand that"The Gentle Sex" is the first feature film of the British women in uniform in this war. No slight is intended when Iexpress my hope that it will be the last. Ihave seen the same subject dealt with concisely,adequately,andnone thelessin. teresting to short one or two reel propaganda films in the past. We all know thewonderful way the women of Great Britain have supported their menfolk in the present tremendous crisis. No film could ever do them real justice. Because of this,"The Gentle Sex"seems rather pointless.

The supporting film is "I Thank You." Iam not certain whether the title was intended to voice the casts appreciation of any audience who might be forced to sit the darn thing out or not. If so, it was prophetic and well deserved. Itco-stars Arthur A'skey and Richard Murdoch. Viewed either separately or jointly, their efforts to amuse are slightly less plea. sant than toothache.

—"GROUCIiO"

QUARANT' ORE

DECEMBER,

2nd—LEEDERV=Z: Forty Hours' Prayer (8th-10th.).

3rd.—YORK: One Day of Exposition. 4th.—Vacant. 6th.BRIDGETOWN:One Day of Exposition.

JANUARY.

Ut.--ALBANY: One Day of Exposition.

ITALIAN BISHOP INSULTED BY ROANIINO BANDITS.

Agroupof banditsroaming the neighbourhood have insulted Mgr. Capobi. anco, Bishop of Urbania, while on a pastoral visit toMercatella,saidenemy radio reports. The band was formed of men avoiding conscription.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest fonworkin WesternAustralia? Make aregular annualcontribution to help an indigent student.

Fine Furniture -Easy Terms

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. Country clients,pleasewriteforillustrations. ForSaucepans,Dishes,Babies'Baths, Flue Pipes for Stoves,Bath Heaters, try Hassell' s, 559 Wellington Street.

Powder

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Catholic Girls'Movement

HEADQUARTERS AND CLUB ROOKS: . Bank of NS.W. Chambers, 65 St. George's Terrace(near Sherwood Court )-Rooms: 7.10'First Floor.

CALENDAR.

MONDAY:

Shorthand,5.15p.m. Liturgy, 8p.m.

TUESDAY:

Physical Culture, 7--8 p.m. ArtsandCrafts,8p.m. Orchestra, 8p.m. Dramatics, 8p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Red Cross-ES.C., 8p.m. Dressmaking, 7p.m, Shorthand, 5.15 p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS, 8a.m. EXPOSITION.

BENEDICTION, 5.15 p.m. Choir, 8p.m.

SATURDAY: Gremlins' Club. 3p.m.

•

ATTENTION, GREMLINSI

OnDecember16wehaveagaindecid• ed to go to Leighton,Beach. Bring your bathers and be at the Rooms at 2o'clock.

CANTEEN SERVICE.

Phyllis Dean-C.G.M.: December 30; January 24, 19.15. L.B.A.: December 14; January8, 1945.

Town Hall-C.G.M.: December31.

CHOIR.

Membersare remindedthat practices begin on Thursday, December 7, at 8 p.m., in Room No. 9. As we will be selecting numbers for the next concert scheduled for March, we would like everygirl to be-present. Ifyouknow of any other C.G.M. girls interested in choir,bringthemalongonThursday,as newmembersarealwayswelcome. Remember, girls, we want to build our choirupto 100 voices,so that one day when we are good enough we will be abletobroadcast.

PROPAGATION OF THE FAITH.

One third of the missionaries of the Society of the Divine Word in New Guinea have been killed; all others have been forced to leave. many of them unfit to return to active work again. Whowilltake theirplaces? It seems impossible toexpect much from war-battered Europe. Catholic America,ofcourse,willbereadywithahelping hand; buh Australia, in the large, must be prepared to take up the burden. AustraliansandAmericanshave fought in New Guinea for the flag of theSouthern Cross; Australians and Americans willfight to-morrow in New GuineafortheStandardofChrist.

Tennis.

Wehavebeenabletohire acourtat RobertsonParkonSaturdayafternoons from2p.m, to6.30p.m. Any girlsinterestedare asked to bring along their friendsforanenjoyablegame.Ateacherwillbe inattendancefor any ofthe girls who have forgotten how to play, and will show themthecorrect swing1 Aground fee will be taken up at the court. Don'tforget, girls, we hope to see you all decked out in summer shorts every Saturday afternoon.

SOFTBALL.

This is anew activity, and all girls who are interested are asked to call in at theroomsand leave their names. WearewaitingontheNationalFitness totelluswhereandwhenwewillplay, Joey Maher will be in charge. Only ten girls are needed ,

for ateam, so we ought to be able to get about" two or three. Softballisratherlike thefamousAmericangameofbaseball,onlyit is not so rough and hard for girls. Don't forget now, any member who is interestedtocomeuptothe roomsand signon.

PRICK CARDS.

There arestill afew prick cardscir• culating round Perth. We would like theminassoonaspossible,eitherfilled or unfilled, as they are all numbered andhave tobe checked.

EXRPOSITION.

Mass is held in the C.G.M. Chapel everyThursdaymorningat8a.m.,and membersandnon-membersalikearealwayswelcome. TheBlessed Sacrament

Living With the Church

MASS CALENDAR FOR THE WEER,

December 10--Second Sunday of Ad. vent:

Mass proper, No Gloria. 2nd. prayer of the Octave of St. Francis Xavier. 3rd. prayer of the Octave ofthe ImmaculateConception. 4th. prayerofSt.Melchiadis. 5th,prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Trinity.

December 11--St. Damasus,Pope and Confessor: Massproper. 2nd,prayeroftheOctave of the Immaculate Conception. 3rd.prayeroftheFeria. 4th.prayer for peace,. Creed. Preface of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

December 12-PYfth day within the Octave of the Immaculate Concep Lion.

Mass of the Feast. 2nd. prayer of the Feria. 3rd. prayerof the Holy Spirit. 4th.prayerforpeace. Creed. PrefaceoftheBlessedVirgin'Mary.

December 1S--St. Lucy, Virgin and Martyr: Massproper. 2ndprayerofthe Oc. tave of the Immacuuate Conception. 3rd.prayeroftheFeria. 4th.prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

December 14--Seventh daywithin the Octave of the Immaculate Concep tion:

Mass of the Feast. 2nd. prayer of the Holy Spirit. 4th, prayer for peace. Creed. PrefaceoftheBless. edVirginMary.

December Sir--Octaveofthe Immaeu. late Conception of the Blessed Vir. ginMary:

Mass of the Feast. 2nd. prayer of the Feria. 3rd. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Blessed Vir-' ginMary.

Decemberifr--St. Eusebfus,Bishopand Martyr:

Mass "Sacerdotes." 1st, prayer of the Proper. 2nd.prayerofthe Saturday. 3rd. prayer,"Deus qui de beatne." 4th. prayerforpeace.

BRICIDINE CONVENT SPORTS

Apleasant afternoon was spent last week at St. Joseph's Tennis Courts, whentheBrigidineConventpupilsheld theirannual tennis tournament. Some good games were witnessed to the finals, when Lesley Holland defeated MargaretHeronintheopensinglesand Mary Hodge defeated Namoi McClem• entsinthe under 13. Duringafternoon tea,whichwasservedtoourpriestsand anumber of parents, Margaret Heron, on behalf of the girls, presented Mr. Ryan with alittle gift,inappreciation ofhiscoaching andhelptothemall.

THE RICHESTMONTH.

Don't forget,Ifyouhappen tobe passing the Rooms, OurLord is waiting to see you, howevershort the visitmayhave tobe.

(iR+z_1

.

(1

umouc

By "LAURI"

"For it is good to be children sometimesandneverbetterthanatChristmas,whenitsmightyrounderwasa child Himself"—Dickens.

... huntingforthem

... investigating the hidden meaning of alluring titles.. Truly, they are the most humanofthings

There is asubtle fascination about books

... somebodyistelling aperpetual story

... that is why a book is always the most delightful of gifts.

We havecarefullyselectedbooks for all the family, An advantage has al. readybeentakenofourstocksandthe children's section has met with such popularapprovalthatwearefindingit difTruelt tokeep up with the demand.

i s

ofAssisi"andSt.ThomasAquinas," bothbyG.K. Chesterton (4/6): "A Doctor in Paradise"; ,

Song of Bernadette"(very limited supply, 13/6); "Papua" (Lewis Scott, 7/6):'SCollie Knox (Again" and "Draw Up Your Chair" (both by'Collie Knox,6/9); "Cullen Ben Bong" (Bernard O'Reilly, (4/9);"The,

SnowC.Ocae"(3/6);"Aunt Daisy's Scrap Book" (1/6); and the evergreen favourites for the younger folk,"Aladdin's Lamp , T2E ri POO

""Hop 0' My Thumb," etc.,etc. RECORD -

the present stage, alas, one can only ask questions."

that

OURML43ALS, No more practicalgiftcouldbe suggested for your Catholic relative or friend forChristmasthanourpresenta• tion Missal, which is here illustrated. It is lined with black water-silk, gilt edged, and bound in softestblack leather. Extraordinary good value for 19/6and27/6. Wehaveotherlinesrangingfrom2s to 14s. These are excellent also, and weinvite youtoinspectsamplesatthe Library. The Missal,forthebride,First Communicant, or Confirmation gift. Priced 17/6. Good binding and same in everyother waya'sthe more expen. sive lines. it's the Vass thatmatters. It'sthe Missal thatmattersat the Mass. Encourage your children to understand andappreciatetheMissal.

Holy See Denies Contact With Russia to Solve Post-War Problems

„

Nothing is knclwn oonoerntgg re, parts that theSovietGovernment has proposed coordinated action between MoscowandtheVaticanin apost-war solutionofmoralandsocialProblems," states the HolySee,inone ofits rare official denials of anews report, says Reuter.

This answers recent statements in the world's Press according to which the Soviet Government was supposed to have made contact with the Vatican for that purpose. Tass, the official Soviet News agency, has issued a similar denial.

"The very natureof therumour and themeansbywhichithasbeenspread have already induced more than one newspaper toinquire as to its possible truth," says the "Osservatore Romano," Vatican newspaper, commenting on thestory.

"Our press service has already denied this report, but as it often hap pens that arumour once circulated continues to affirm once again that it has no truth whatever."

Rumour "late and Absurd"

Following the original report there has been afurther rumour giving details oI asupposed Vatican delegation to negotiate with theSoviet Government. This is described in Vatican circles, says Reuter,as"bothfalseand absurd."

The present would actually be a veryunpropitiousmomentforanypossible talks between the Soviet Government and the Vatican, the"Osser. vatore" comments. The deep ties between the Catholic Church and Poland, and Pope Pius XII's deep interest in the fate of Polish Catholics

i i 306 MURRAY ST., PERTH Also at Country and Metropolitan Yards. THIRTrEx

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GOLDFIELDS.

The Holy See's deep concern regarding the fate of Warsaw and Poland is reflected in the paper, which not only carries an editorial on Poland, but for the first time in the whole ofthe war prints at the end a commentary on the summary of war news published on the second column of the frontpage.

This commentary, which is without precedent, says, according to Reuter: "The Russian advance is meeting no obstacles. Each time anew offensive isannounced thenumberofkilometres advanced grows daily bigger. When the news indicatesthat there is abattle near some town it is invariably followed by the entry into its suburbs and its occupation within afew hours.

"ItisonlyatWarsawthatthis does nothappen

"But this is not the only outstanding point of this battle. In Warsaw, Polesof the resistancemovementhave fought and are fighting. It is obviously necessary to ask whether there is any connection between these two facts.

FateoftheWarsawPatriots.

"Isthis adivisionof the war effort?

If this were the case, why then did the men of the resistance front in a proclamationofAugust6,say,'Weask help from those who owe us help?' And this help is not forthcoming...

"Why for the past few days have Rusian bulletins Ignored the phase of the fight in Warsaw when the news from London speaks of it as if any other sector? Why until now has Warsaw been mentioned ony as a point ofreference toindicatetheposition of theSoviettroopsto the north. west, south-east, or in otherdirections, andnot as adirect objective?

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HOTEL PERTH.

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a im

a

Two men pedalled heir andem bicycleup averysteep hill and stopped to rest at the top.

"Sure," saidone,"thatwas realhard work. Ididn't think we'd get here."

"Nor did I; saidtheother. "Iwas afraidwe'drunbackwards—that'swhy Ikepton thebrake."

• s • -

The sergeant was giving abatch of recruits some drill. "Numberl" he yelled.

Onel"bawledoutthefirstman,but the man nexttohim hesitated.

"Come on—nextl" shouted the ser• geant, glaring fiercely.

"Ahl" 1526698171" said the man. • *

Aprisoner wasbeing tried for larceny. Thecasewasastrongone,and the judge showed by his summing-up thathebelieved intheprisoner'sguilt, but the jury gave the man the benefit of the doubtand acquitted him.

Whereuponthejudgesaid:

"Prisoner at the bar, it would be a straining of language to describe your pastcareerascreditable,but thismost intelligent juryhasbeenpleasedto acquit youofthelastcrime laid to your charge, and you now leave this court without any additional stain on your character."

• s s -

He was moody and glum after the dance, and his friend could hardly get awordout ofhim.

"What's the matter?" he asked. "Didn'tyouget onwellwith the girlI introduced you to?"

"Well," said his friend,"Iasked her three or four times if Icould see her home,andshe said if Iwasaskeenon her home as all that she'd send me a photograph

of it."

• s s -

An intimation to slow-paying customershas been prominently displayed by acountry shopkeeper:

'All persona indebted to our shop are requested to call and settle. All indebted to ourshop and notknowing it are requested to call and find out. Those knowing themselves indebted and not wishing to call are requested to remain in one place long enough For its to catch them."

Aman was in the habit of opening his Bible at random and taking the first thing upon which his eyes alighted as something that would be helpfultohim.

One clay the verse he read was: "Judas wentout and hanged himself," and not thinking this quite suitable, heshut the Book and opened it again at another place.

The verse his eyes fell upon was: "Go thou and do likewise." He tried again, and this time he read:"What thou doest, do quickly."

Grandma was tell the family about her clay in town. "Imet such a pleasant young man in the train;" she said. "Ileoffered togive me the win• ner of the Derby."

And did he?" one asked eagerly.

"Of course not, my dear;" she replied. "Ihad to tell him that the chickens take up all the garden and we've no room for ahorse."

Ayoung girl was taken to her first football match. All the way through the game the onlookers raised their voice's, criticisingorcomplimenting the two teams. When the girl returned home her father asked her which side had won. "Well," she answered brightly,"from what Icould hear, the 'Rotten Foulers' defeated the "Dirty So-and so's; twotoone."

• • • C

"Yes," said the old man, "I be ninety-six to-morrow, and Ihaven't an enemy in the world."

"A beautiful thought,''answered the new vicar.

"Yes, sir," went on the old man, "I've outlived them all."*

The sailor had just arrived back from sea.

"Well, mother." he said heartily. "how did you like the parrot Isent you?"

'Liked it very much;' said his mother. "It wasnice and plump— but, oh my,Jack, wasn't it tough!"

0Wife(relentingafterpreviousnight's quarrel):"I'm very sorry for all the thingsIsaidlast night.

Hubby (sarcastically):"You're wasting your breathI I'm broke till pay day."

Jonesworth: "blot's th' idea o' diggin' such along trench in t' garden like that? Is it ferall t'neighboursas well?"

Smithington: "No, it ain't, Joe—in fact it's nothin' ter do with A.R.Y. at all. Yer see, Imade aswing fer t' youngster las' week, ter fix on that tree there,an' t' ropes are toolong." * *

Pat, adock worker, fell from the wharfintothewater. Nearlyexhausted, hemanaged to graspabiglogand hold on to it. Just as aboatman grabbedhisshoulders,Patcaughtsight ofhisownfeetprotrudingon theother side of the log.

"I can hold on a bit longer," he gasped. "Save the fellow wha's in head first!" * * s

AScotch poultry keeper had aCairn terrier for:ale, An EnglishmanofferedhimZ4'for it, andan Americanbid £5. TheEnglishmangotthedog.

"Why did you sell your dog to the Englishman when I offered you a pound more for it?" asked the American.

"Och," replied the Scot,"Jock can walk back to Aberdeen, but he canna swim the Atlantic!"

The vicar was visitinghisoldestparishioner and commented on the fact thatasmall clockon thekitchendresserwastellingthecorrecthour,butthat thegrandfather clock had notbeenset to summer-time.

"Don't you find it alittle.muddling to have them different?" he asked.

"Well, it's like this, sir,"said theold man,"Grandfather clock'avebeen telling the truth for ninety years and I can't find it in my 'eart to make 'im tell lie's now. The little clock he be German make, so it be all right for him."

'rhe newrecruithadtoadmitforthe second day running that he had forgotten his gas-mask.

"Well, you'd better wear it for the rest of the day," the sergeant-major said grimly, "Perhaps thatwillmake you rememberit."

The following morning the sergeantmajorstopped the recruit and asked sternly:

"DidIsee you talkingtothe colonel yesterday wearing your gas-mask?"

"Yes,sir;" said the recruit.

"And what did he say?"

"He said,''Good-morning, major'." was the reply. t t t

Acommercial traveller got held up in the Orkney Islands on account of bad storms and sent atelegram to his firm in Aberdeen saying: "Marooned by storm. Wireinstructions."

The reply cameback:"Startsummer holiday as from yesterday."

"A telegram from George, dear."

"Well, did he pass the examination this time?"

"No, but he is almost at the top of thelist of thosewho failed."

During an air raid a policeman plunged into the ruins of ahouse to, rescue someone trapped in the basement, and after ashort timemanaged to crawl out with his man. He was covered in mud, grease, andplaster.

"Gosh;'saidan A.R.P.man,goin5to hisassistance,"you areinamess)

"Yes;"drawled thepoliceman,"that's theworstofnavyblue—itshowsevery littlestain."

An undertaker foundadonkey lying dead inhis back yard and went to inform the police,

"What shall Idowithit?"he asked the police officer in charge.

"Dowith it? Buryit,ofcourse;said the officer, laughing. "You're an undertaker, aren't you?"

"Certainly Iam;" replied the undertaker. "ButIthoughtitmybusiness tocomeround andinformtherelatives first."

sergeant-

Dear Conterites,—Oh, dear! Ah, woe is me! Alack, alas! What's all this about? Children, that is the lamenta• tionofAuntBessy,theLemonadeBottle, the WetBlanket, and afewthousandassortedBushies. Theremustbe areason, you say. There f'sl Just look at the acknowledgement column this week. It's broken-hearted Ian , to see us sonearly deserted, and just when Iwas beginning to think things were getting alittle brighter. Oh, dear! Iwon't give up hoping for the £200 yet, because Ihave faith that somethingwillturnupatthelastMinute. (I'mnotlike the Wet Blanket, you see. She seems to think we haven't anearthlynow!1But, despite the"smackintheeye"Igotthisweek, I'mstillgoingtohopeandprayagainst time,andIknowtheCorneriteswillbe with me there.

The Feast of the Immaculate C)n. ception occurs onDecember 8. You allknowthatOurLady was prdservcd free from original sin from the momentofherconception. Now,children, lknow the 8th. is not aholy dav of obligation, but there is every reason why we should offer Mass and receive Holy Communion.

AUNTBESSY. Woodlands.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Enclosed 10s. towards Bushie Scheme, for favours re• ceived inthepast.—Yours sincerely, THE GIRL FROM THE LIMBER.

LOST.

Dear Girl of the Limberlost,—Your ten shilling note brought abreath of yournativeforestwithit,and it'sever eo grateful Iam to you, AUNT BESSY.

• r + +

Dear Aunt Bessy,—IIerewith a contributiontoL.B.,inaid of theBushies' collection. May the deserving cause eclipse this year previous efforts in your recollection.—Yours, etc., "OCTOGENARIAN"

Dear "Octogenarian;"—Thanks ever somuchforyour donation.You pluck. ed the L.B. from hisdespondentmood ,

when your letter arrived—and really, he's hardly to heblamed this week,is he, with theneglecthe'smeetingwith? AUNT BESSY.

Lclaonude, B dlle

Legion of Mary Junior Praesidium, c/o SacredIleartConvent, Beaconsfield.

DearAuntBessy,—Onbehalfof the junior Legionaries of our Praesidium, OurLady QueenofVirgins,Iam writing toask you forthe names and addresses of twenty-one Bushies, as the Sisters here would like to correspond with them. We are collecting literature to send to them,and are looking forward to the pleasure of getting in touch with them. Thanking you in anticipation.—Yours sincerely,

MARGARETIRELAND, Secretary.

DearMargaret,—Iwillbevery pleasedtosendyouthenamesandaddresses of21 Bushies, andIam surethey will be pleased to hear from you.

AUNTBESSY, r r ► + "Brookmeyer," Namban.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—I'm sure you think I've forgotten you. Well, I've gotafair bit of newsfor you and the Bushies. How are youand the Bush. ies getting on? Will you please send meaprick card? Why Ididn't write before was because Ididn'treceive my prick card. My sister, who is in the Air Force, was home on seven days' leaveandI-wasglad. Ourexams. are on now, Aunt Bessy. Isaw my cou• sin'sletter in"The Record." She was down at our place on Sunday.` We have twelve little baby turkeys with a fowlthathashadlotsofchickens. We went to Mass last Sunday. On November 13 my sister, Vera. had her birthday. Noreen and Lorraine wrote toyoubeforemethistime. I'mgoing to race them next time. When my sister Mavis was in Perth she bought me two ticket's in the doll and pram. Good-bye.—Your lovingniece, BERYL FITZGERALD.

Dear Beryl,—Did you ask me before foraprick card?—andme not to send it to you! Goodness. Ishould be ashamed, and Iam,too! Iwill post youonethisinstant,andjusthopethat you'll forgive me. How are Noreen and Lorraine? Iexpect, when they see you intend to race them, they will be anxious to tryand beat you to it. How are those little turkey's getting on? Most people now, however, are thinking aboutbig turkeys, for Christ• mas isonlyafew weeksaway.

AUNT BESSY.

China's Democracy Built on Respect for Family Life

The unwritten law in China by which the rulers of the country have always recognised their obligations to respect the integrity of family life, has been the foundation of its tradi. tional

culture and the best safeguard of democracy, says Fathr Gorman Shanahan, in arecent article in"The Sign."

This unwritten law has given China its traditional note of democracy to spite of the absence of voting power Therehasbeen no need for the people tointerferewith theGovernmentwhile theywereasured that theGovernment would not interfere with the fur.damental rights of the people in their familylife.

This does not rule out State Planning, butitdoesensurethatthe State plan isonlyanadjunctoffamilyplanning by giving each family better opportunities ofsecuringitswelfare. The family is free to determine its own future in legitimate cultivation of privatelands,intheconductoflegitimate business,inchoice of work for itschildren and in their education on either religious or secular lines.

The State interprets its duty as the provisionofgoodand equalopportunities for all,'and through the.accumu• lated advantagesaccruing to the families the prosperity of the country is assured.

The Colonial Mutual Fire Insurance COMPANY

LIMITED.

FOR ALL CLASSESOF INSURANCE, INCLUDING FIRE, HOUSEOWNER, and HOUSEHOLDER'S COMPREHENSIVE, BURGLARY, PLATE GLASS, MOTOR VEHICLE, CROPS, FIDELITY, GUARANTEE, WORKMEN'SCOMPENSATION,THIRD PARTY. NO. 33 BARRACK STREET, PERTH.

W. L. CARTER, Manager.

ACKNOWLEDGED WITHTHANKS, s. do. Girl of the l.imberlost...... 10 0 Octogenarian .. .. .. .. .. .. 1

T. V?VIAN,

3.13 Rokeby-road, Subiaco. W1539 FOR SEWERAGE CONNECTIONS W1539.

Bad Water Pressure, Broken Pedesta' Pans, Blocked Sevier Drains, Cisterr. and Ruof Repairs, T.V. Ileadligh'

0

BOMBER PILOTS HOME FROM RAIDi GO ON TO MISSION

Flying Fortress crew's recently re• turner) from bombing operations were among the officers and men attending aweek's mission which Father Owen Dudle%,

.Rector of Catholic Missionary Society, has been giving at an American Army station.

Non-Catholics were present every night with their Catholic comrades, and some lows, too.

J.NEILSON ,Optician

S. UANNELL, F.S.M.C.(London), W.A.O.A

OPTOMETRIST, Tel,: B2014 16 PLAZA ARCADE, PERTH a Foa

S. BEECROFT — Butche , 181 Rokeby Road, Subinca lnly Fnm+ Free!. Kil!eo Meal -;m

A novel feature was the question forum. After the address and Benedictiun, 10 minutes were allowed for a smoke. The men then returned to the church for the"shooting." Father Dudley was bombarded with every kind of question—philosophical, moral and doctrinal.

fie estimates that in the course of the week almosteveryavailableCatholic received the sacraments. "It has been an experience 1shall never forget," he says,"the amazing practice of their religion among the American Catholic airmen.

"Whenever they are going on operational bombing they turn up in large numbers forthegeneralabsolution and make their Holy Communions. A strange splendour in spite of the inevitable horror of this type of warfare."

Father Dudley spent aconsiderable portionof theweek injeeps. fie had meals in the officers' mess, and visited the officers' club and alarge hospital in which he had talks with some wounded men from Normandy.

At abombing operational station some miles from the staff station, the hall in which he lectured one evening was named "Hell'sAngels."

the Record

Official Organ of the Archdiocese of Perth ESTABLISHED 1874

Aquinas College Prize List

Leaving CertificateII.:

Religious Knowledge: Philip Meagher.

Duxof College: BrianO'Hara (Old Boys' Memorial Prize).

2nd. in Aggregate: Robert Forkin (prize for Mathematics),

3rd. in Aggregate: Jerome Bowen (prizefor Languages),'MichaelHeenan.

5th. in Aggregaate: Philip Meagher (prizefor English).

6th. in Aggregate: John Fall(prize forScience).

7th.inAggregate:DenisCullity.

Prize presented by Mr. J. F. Walsh forEnglish: Thomas Prior.

Prize for History and Geography: Leslie McCall.

CertificatesofMeritawarded to: Edward Franklyn,AnthonyGolding.John Jones, Colin Brown, Colin Macnish, Thomas Prior, John Banting, Peter Gunnell, Alan Hinkley.

Leaving Certificate 1.:

Religious Knowledge: Peter Travers.

Duxof Class: David Kennedy.

2nd, in Aggregate: Edward Haywood.

3rd.inAggregate: FrederickBarnes.

4th.inAggregate:ConwayStacey.

5th.inAggregate:PeterTravers.

6th. inAggregate: Edward Hicks.

7th. inAggregate: Milton Marwick.

Certificates of Merit awarded to: Brian O'Leary, John Young, Geoffrey Summerhayes, Thomas Pervan, John Mettam, Alec Bertola, Geoffrey Melvin, William Rossiter,JohnBest.

Jtmfor Certificate:

ReligiousKnowledge:BrianBrearley.

Dux of Class: Peter Martin.

2nd. in Aggregate: BrianBrearley.

3rd.inAggregate:JohnSaunders.

4th,inAggregate:RobertWittenoom

5th. in Aggregate: Walter O'Malley, 6th. in Aggregate: ThomasEllies.

7th. in Aggregate: Alan Hall.

Certificates of Merit awarded to. KevinMurphy, Raymond Millard, Wil. liam Gunnell, George Prgomet, Clive Banting,IanRobinson,Sylvester Lane, Vincent Cooper.

Sub,Iunior--Second Year:

Religious Knowledge: David Wilcox.

Dux ofClass: Alan Cameron.

2nd. in Aggregate: Brian Pitman.

3rd. in Aggregate: William Silver. stone.

5th. inAggregate: AlanShaw.

6th.inAggregate:BrianO'Sullivan.

7th. in Aggregate: Alan McFarlane.

Certificates of Merit awarded to: Stephen Kargotich, DavidWilcox, CliffordGuthrie, Russell McMahon, James Deslands.

SubJunior--FirstYear:

Religious Knowledge: Basil Christie.

Duxof Class:JohnFrisina.

2nd. in Aggregate: Erle Ensor.

3rd.inAggregate: BasilChristie.

4th. in Aggregate: Norman Wilson. bth.inAggregate:TerenceHynes.

6th. inAggregate:Barry Moore.

7th,inAggregate: RonaldShaw.

Certificates of Merit awarded to JohnWalsh.BryantStacey,LeslieAris, Francis Evans, James Farrell, Kelvin Roeger, Derry Barry, Neil Macdougall, \fax Bowen, Edward Brindal, Philip Cullinane, Patrick Franklyn.

GradeVI.:

Religious Knowledge: Grahame Dur. kin.

Dux ofClass: GarrettCullity.

2nd.in Aggregate: Ronald Cameron.

3rd. in Aggregate: Graeme Evans.

4th. in Aggregate: Brian Reeves.

5th. in Aggregate: John Panizza.

6th.in Aggregate: Charles Flintham.

GradeV.:

Religious Knowledge: Brian Walker.

DuxofClass:CharlesEllies, 2nd.inAggregate: AlexHoran.

3rd. in Aggregate: Lawrence Hearne.

4th.inAggregate: BrianWalker. 5th.inAggregate:PhilipTucker.

6th.inAggregate:David Milne.

Grade IV.: Religious Knowledge: Lloyd Rodoreda.

DuxofClass: BernardMcNamara. 2nd.inAggregate: John Peterson. 3rd.inAggregate: PatrickWalsh. 4th,in Aggregate: James McAleer, 5th.inAggregate: TerenceHughan. 6th. inAggregate: Jephson Sinclair, 7th,inAggregate: KevinHamiltop.

GradeIB.: .

Religious Knowledge: Robert Kestel, DuxofClass: EdwardMelvin. 2nd.inAggregate:JohnBrittain.

3rd. in Aggregate: Peter Wratten.

GradeIL:

ReligiousKnowledge: RonaldDavid. son.

DuxofClass: DenisCoffey. 2nd,inAggregate: Leslie Bastian. 3rd,inAggregate:TraversHerman.

Grade1.(a):

DuxofClass: Nicholas Kalaf. 2nd,inAggregate: Paul Perklas.

Grade I(b):

Dux ofClass: Alastair Davidson.

ATHLETICS.

House Cup: St. Peter's(J. Streich, captain).

Conway Stacey: Archbishop's Cup (College Champion).

George Palassis: College Open 100 YardsChampion.

Kevin Murphy: JuniorChampion.

Williamde Gruchy: Under 15Years' Champion.

GraemeWard: Under14YearsCham. pion.

Edward Brindal: Under 13 Years Champion.

Laurence Hearne: Under 12 Years Champion.

Redmond Rigg: Under 11 Years Champion.

John Peterson: Under 10 Years Champion,

Ronald Davidson: Under 9 Years Champion.

Patrick Whyte: College Handicap Mile.

Desmond Saggers: Junior School IandicapMile. Swimming.

RonaldKelly:CollegeChampion: "A. D. ScottCup;" also"GibsonCup"(In. terschool events).

HectorMiller: Open DiveChampion.

William Melvin: Under 16 Years Champion.

Brian Brearley: Under 15 Years Champion.

NoelTunstill: Under 14YearsCham. pion, also"Gibson Cup" (Interschool events).

Graeme Evans: Under 13 Years Champion.

Maxwell Reilly: Under 12 Years Champion.

Gerald Bahen: Junior Dive Cham pion.

FootbalL

Jerome Bowen: Best and fairest player,"Brown Cup."

William Fornero: Most improved player,"Perrott Cup," Cricket.

Thomas Outridge: Century (Cup match).

Ljubo Pekovich: Century (Cup match).

Tennis.

Alan Hinkley: College Champion.

Victor Aikenhead: Junior Champion.

FrancisDrabble: Juvenile Champion, (CupspresentedbyMr.S.T.Elliott.) Rowing.

HeadofRiverEight,1943:AlanHink• ley(stroke),P.Davies-Moore (7),Peter Banting(6),Robert Forkin (5),James Carmody (4). John Rodoreda (3), Jer. ome Bowen

(2), Hector Miller(bow), Philip Meagher (cox).

Champion First Four, 1914: William Melvin(stroke), Donald Collins(3), JosephSaunders(2), Philip \leagher (bow), Colin Brown (cox). (Cups presented by Mr. S. T. Elliott.)

Shooting.

MiltonBowen: ChampionShotofall School Detachments. (Prize presented byMr.D L.Davidson).