The Record Newspaper 20 June 1940

NO. 2,925.

PERTH, THURSDAY, JUNE 20, 1940.

Spanish Primate Upholds Allies

Cardinal Goma, Primate of Spain, from his sick bed, has urged the Spanish people to turn at this moment to Jesus More and more,'' says His Eminence, "Spaniards are beginning to realise that the manhood of France and Great Britain, joined by the legions of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Norway, Holland and Belgium, are fighting not for territorial gain but to ensure respect for engagements in short, to vindicate the Christian spirit of morality invoked by Pope Pius XII"

Catholic Spain, he continues cannot remain indifferent as the war spreads and as it gradually comes to see through the barrage of German propaganda, which since the war began has made an overwhelming effort to cloud the real issues at stake

Nation at Prayer.

Spain was a nation at prayer for the Feast of Corpus Christi The festival was celebrated with all the traditional splendour n Madrid Toledo, Seville and Granada

In Madrid the Blessed Sacrament was carried through the city in a magnificent procession, starting from the Cathedral-ravaged by the Reds in July, 1936 and returning there as night fell

Troops lined the route The people sang the hymns enthusiastically, kneeling as the Blessed Sacrament was borne past Archbishop Cicognani, Papal Nuncio presided General Saliquet, com mander of the Madrid garrison, and all the city's authorities took part

CARDINAL GOMA

PRIMATE OF THE EAST PASSES

Archbishop Theotonio Manuel Ribeiro Vieira de Castro, of Goa, Patriarch of the Portuguese East Indies and Primate of the East, has died in a oman hospital at the age of 81

The Archbishop was visiting Rome to thank the Holy Father for concluding the Concordat with Portugal

Archbishop Vieira de Castro was born at Oporto, Portugal, and ordained in Rome 58 years ago He was appointed Bishop of Meliapor, British India n 1899 and Archbishop of Goa and Damao and Patriarch n 1929 He was also rector of the Portuguese missionary seminary at Tomar :

Spain Hails "Catholic France"

"I welcome with gratitude the prelates of Catholic France and wish them a happy stay in Spanish territory," was General Franco's wired message to Cardinal Suhard, the new Archbishop of Paris, and his suite as they crossed the Spanish frontier on pilgrimage to Our Lady Del Pilar

His Eminence was leading 600 French Catholics to the Spanish national shrine at Saragossa He was accompanied by five French Bishops

In Madrid Cardinal Suhard visited Cardinal Goma, the Primate, in the hospital where he is lying serious ill

His Eminence then went on to visit Senor Suner, Minister of the Interior with whom hehad a long conversation explaining the situation of Catholic France with regard to the German invasion The French were everywhere shown the greatest cordiality

Aiter lunch with Mme Petain, wife of the former French Ambassador, who is now Premier of France, the party went on to Barcelona The visit to Saragossa followed Cardinal in Reims

The Cardinal later returned to Reims to superintend the evacuation of his clergy, seminary and other clerical institutions before taking up his new appointment in the French capital

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The sergeant popped his head round the Recreation Room door and shouted to a group of privates of the new Army: "Hi! some of you, go and shift your cars The Colonel can't find a place for his bike"

k k # i And why won't you let me take you on the river in a nice boat?" asked the visitor Oh, please, because I heard dad tell mother that you can hardly keep your head above water and-and-I can't swim," replied Tommy

t t

The men of a certain coastal anti° aircraft battery must be at their positions within three minutes of an airraid alarm being received

For some time they had nothing to do and their commanding officer warned them that he would give them a trial alarm to test their speed and efficiency

In the middle of the night the alarm sounded Spurred on by the thought that they were being tested, the men tumbled over one another to get to their posts

But they were pulled up suddenly in their pell-mell rush by an officer "AII right," he said "No hurry, It's not the trial It's a raid"

k k A Nazi in Berlin blocked the passage of a man in the street "Step aside, Jew!" he commanded "Step aside for a Nazi"

The other, a good German citizen, looked at the Nazi with all the distaste of six years written on his face, "I'm not a Jew" he said in a tired voice I just happen to look intelligent"

k t Throughout the evening meal neither had spoken But as soon as the plates had been cleared away and they were seated before the fire, the husband's face lost some of its hardness

'You know, dear'' he said, breaking the long silence, Ive been thinking over our argument''

"Well!" she snapped, without looking up from her sewing "Yes, dear, Ive decided to agree with you after all," he said meekly That won't do any good," she sniffd "Ive changed my mind"

k k t st

"The best thing for you " said the doctor, "is to give up drinking and moking, get to bed early every night, and get up early in the morning 'Doctor," replied the patient, solemnly I don't feel somehow that I deserve the best; what's the second best?"

k # #

A land girl called on a farmer and offered her services

"No, no lassie," said the farmer "I advertised for a shepherd, not a shepherdess."

"I know that but surely there's no reason why the work should not be undertaken by a woman?"

'Well, a woman tried it once and made a mess of it"

'Who was she?"

"Bo-Peep."

k On to the parade ground marched the colonel, He gave a look at the paraded men, rubbed his monocle and had another look "Hang it all,' he barked at the captain "what's the idea of parading all the big men in front of the smaller men?"

"Sorry sir'' explained the captain It seems that the sergeant was a greengrocer up to a few months ago"

k k

Two Scotsmen in a pub tossed up to decide who should pay for the drinks

One called "Heads!" came down heads Then the other called "Fire!" and escaped in the rush for the door

Brown, reaching home after a long and tedious business journey, was in no mood to submit to the inevitable catechism of his loquacious wife, but it had to be faced

"Have you thought of me?" she asked, tartly Yes " he said serenely Sure?"

"Quite.' How have you shown it?" she snapped "Well, my dear, I missed you so badly that I went and took lodgings at the Nag's Head" "What!" she shrilled, and the fea° thers flew k k k

The old woman entered the room where her husband lay on his bed of sickness She was trembling with indignation, What is the matter?'' asked the old man

"Why," she said, I just went into the vicarage to tell them you weren't I any better, and they wanted me to bring you a bottle of wine''

'Have you brought it?" asked tho sick man, eagerly "No not me indeed! I heard the vicar's wife say it had been in the cellar since 1900, and when she offered it to me I just walked off without a word We don't want the nasty stale stuff.'

k He had taken his sweetheart to a football match

The home team was faring badly, and the visitors bombarded the home goal as persistently as Angelina bombarded Edwin with questions 'Why have the other team scored three goals and yours none?' she asked. "Weak backs, dear" was his reply Weak backs?' she queried "I am surprised! Men who suffer from weak backs should not take part in such a rough game as football k t k k I young Naval officer on leave was invited to a party, and was slightly embarrassed to find his ex-fiancee among the guests

The girl, also embarrassed, decided the est thing to do was not to know him

I m sorry,'' she murmured, when being introduced, "but I didn't quite get your name, ' It wasn't your fault," whispered the officer "You tried hard enough didn't vou?"

st t k Two men, both noted for their cau tion when it came to money, met in the street Well, well," said one, fancy run • ning into you like this I was just looking for someone to lend me ten

shillings' "Is that so?" eplied the other "Well, you've got a nice day for it"

k k st

The judge had been invited out to dinner and he was seated next to a very charming but rather talkative young woman

'I suppose you have a very busy time ' she cooed. "Very little time to spare?" "Oh, I wouldn't say that," smiled the judge "If you came into my prisoner's box I dare say I could manage a month or two!"

k t k k

A soldier was seen walking about the camp picking up pieces of paper peer ing at them then screwing them up and throwing them away The medical officer noticed his strange behaviour, kept him under observation, and finally reported him to the Colonel Sympathetically the commanding officer decided to hand the man his discharge Ihe soldier grabbed the piece of paper, peered at it then shouted: "Ah that's it That's what Ive een looking for!"

k k t k

In a restaurant a man ordered a lamb chop and green peas "And serve the green peas with honey,''he said The waiter looked puzzled "Surelv vou don't like honey with your peas?" "It tastes awful,'' replied the diner, 'but t's the only way I know to keep the darn things from rolling off the knife!"

t k # I have meant to ask you for a long time what has become of our old pal Plutowe?"

"Last time I saw him, he was taking the cure at Harrogate," 'Gosh! and to think I knew him when he took icarbonate of soda''

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Thursday, June 20, 1940

The

Virgin

T M. F., Marouba, N.$.W.:

Birth

Does not Epiphanius, an early father, record that the Gospel of St. Matthew used by the Ebionites did not contain the first two chapters recording the Virgin birth?

No St Epiphanius pointed out that the Ebionitesan historical sect of the 2nd Centuryused the apocryphal Gospel to the Hebrews" This spurious document was really a mutilated version of the Gospel according to St, Matthew in which the first two chapters and other passages were suppress ed because they contained the refutation of the Ebionite teaching Is it true that Marcion, also in the second century, used an early Gospel of Luke which likewise began at the Baptism?

No Irenaeus, Tertullian and Epiphanius record that Marcion who founded an heretical sect in the 2nd Century mutilated the Gospel according t St Luke to suit his own purposes He eliminated the first three chapters of the Gospel portion of chapter iv and several other important passages because their content did not coincide with his theories.

* * St Justin, Martyr

Does not Justin (and other second century writers) continually refer to those Christians who disbelieved in the Virgin Birth and yet believed in Christ?

No St, Justin, when speaking of the Virgin Birth of Christ and other Christian doctrines, roundly condemns those whe deny those teachings and yet presume to call themselves Christians In every as he was referriny to heretical sect who had broken awav from the great b dy oI Christians In his "Dialogue with Trypho," St. Justin wrote: "The fact that ther· re such men confessing themselves t Chri.tians and admitting th ·d J u to be both Lord an vet not teaching Hi doctrine th o the spirits of error, who are disciple of the tru nd pur dovtrin f Jesus hrist to be more faithful and steadfat in the hop nnounod by Him For what thing: H prdicted would take place in H name these do we e being actually acomplished in our ht. For He said "M n shall com in My name, thed out wardly in sheep's clothing, but nward ly they are ravening wolv·s' And Many fal: 'hrists and fals apostle shall ri nd ·hell deceive many of the faithful Yet thev stvle themselves Christians, just as certain among the Gentils inscribe the name of God upon the w irk: of their own hands and partake in mpiou: and nefarious rites, Some re :alled arcions, and some Valentinians, and some Basilidians, and some Saturnalians», and others by other names: each ·alled after the originator f the individual opinion." (Ch xxxv)

Those who denied the Virgin Birth and other Christian doctrines are thus regarded as pernicious innovators and perverters of the doctrine of Christ; and their innovations and distortions are ascribed, not to any historical records in the Gospels or elsewhere but to the influence of pre-conceived theores t What Are We to Do?

How is it possible for a mere layman of 1940 to arrive at any reasonable, logical conclusion concerning the truth or falsity of the Virgin Birth?

Since the Virgin Birth was not denied on historical grounds, but in obedience to the demands of pre-conceived philosophical and religious theories; and since those who denied the Virgin Birth were cut off from the great body of early Christians as corruptors of the teachings of Christ; and since, finally, there is not a shred of historical evidence to show that the Gospel accounts of the birth of Christ are ot genuine and veracious th whole weight of historical evidence is in fav ur of the Virgin Birth But. in the conflict of opinions, it is difficult for the ordinarv man to reach certainty in this matter, whatever the historical evidence mav he Ther is one wav however in which all men can reach certaintv in this matter, as in the case of ev:r other Christran doctrine Th historial records of the New Testament show definitelv ' that Christ founded un infallible teachng authority to commumcat His d trine to men, name , th Catholic Church Now, the infallible Church, which is guaranteed bv Christ Himself, teaches that Christ Our L rd w s born of a Virgin Mother that this is a truth revealed by God, and as such t be believed by all Christians Without such an infallible teaching authority there is no possibility of knowing with certainty the complete mnd ex ·t te ching of Christ

Some Rationalist Theories,

Is it not true that every religion has some reference to a similar origin ot its founder or leader?

No, The aeged similarities between the Virgin Birth of Christ and the origin of the founders of other re ligions are entirely superficial and do not warrant any conclusion that the doctrine of the Virgin Birth was derived from them; any more than one

even the most audacious rationalist has ever attempted this Rationalists and others of their kind start off with the huge and irrational assumption that the supernatural can not happen Then, when they are confronted with any alleged supernatural occurrence their attitude is that it cannot be really supernatural, whatever the evidence in its favour may be Thus they have triedand singularly failed to explain the Virgin Birth by the infiltration of pagan mythologies They failed because the doctrine of the Virgin Birth is absolutely unique, and has no parallel in the pagan religions prior

could logically argue that Catholicism and Communism were identical because both begin with a C" k t k k

Pre-Christian religions of Egypt, Syria, Phyrygia Scythia, India, China, Persia-all contain records of the supernatural birth of their founder

Passing over the question of the "supernatural'' origin of the founders of these religions, there is not the slightest evidence that any of them held that their particular founder was born of a Virgin Beside the stories of the origin of the founders of these religions are admittedly myths and entirely lack the historical element which is the characteristic of the Christian teaching. Finally, it should be noted that you are merely serving up disredited rtionalist theories which were never based on anything more solid than the wish to discredit Christianity

The details are strangely similar

The details are stranely similar in the theories of rationalists but there s nothing pproaching any real similaritv in the historical evidence at our dispesal-evidence which the said rational ts have not hesitated to ignore or distort in order to bolster up their inane theories

The Virgin Birth was a widespread leg end; Attis, Adonis, Dionysius, Osiris, Mithias-all were held to bore been born of a virgin

On the contrary, it is merely the theory that the: mythological characters were born of virgin mothers which is r rather was, a widespread legend, dating from the days of Fro ·r's obsolete and inaccurate "Golden Bough" As the rationalist scholar, Adoli Harnach, points out, these theories fail to take into account the utter abhorrence of the ear!v Christians for anything savouring of pagan mythology and the theory which would seek the origin of Christian doctrines in previous and contemporary pagan mythologies, he condemns as irrational and silly k t

Getting at the Truth

Perhaps all this may be held to strengthen the argument in favour of Christ's miraculous birth

The really desperate straits towhich rationalists are reduced in trying to find some real parallel between the Virgin Birth of Christ and the pagan mythologies may be correctly regarded as a confirmation of the Christian teaching.

On the other hand, it may arouse a suspicion that the last two chapters of Matthew and Luke have been add ed with the best of intentions by pious monks, It could not arouse any such suspicion in the mind of anyone capable of distinguishing between historical fact and the fantastic theories of rationalist and modernists It will be time enough to discuss the acts and intentions of pious monks" when some solid historical proof is forthcoming to show that the Gospel records of the Virgin Birth of Christ are not genuine historical accounts of an event that actually took place If these things were stated in support of any other religion except Christianity and you were considering the truth or otherwise of it impartially, would it satisfy your reason as a normal human being?

That depends on the evidence. While there is ample historical evidence for the Virgin Birth of Christ there is not a shred of historical evidence to show that any other religion prior t temporary with, the coming tianity, ever claimed that it was born of a Virgin Mother over, even if it were granted sake of argument that some ther religion did make the claim, it wuld remain to be shown that the c true and historically ustifie

to, or contemporary with the coming of Christianity; because they overlooked the detestation of the early Christians for pagan beliefs and worship; because they could not offer any proof which would bear a moment's scrutiny to show that the Gospel records of the Virgin Birth were not genuine,

the Are

J D,, Newcastle, N.S W :

Recently I had an argument with a work-mate about religion. Is there any subject under heaven about which work-mates do not argue? His stand was that all the churches were equal

Equal in what? They certainly cannot be all :qually true ior they teach contradictory doctrines and contradictories cannot be equally true The Catholic Church stands four square for the Divinity of Christ Many Protestant bodies deny His Divinity If Christ is God, those who deny His Divinity are guilty of blasphemy; if He is not God, Catholics are guilty of idolatry Both doctrines cannot be true if one is true the other must be false To say that all religions are equal is equivalent to saying that truth and falsehood, right and wrong, ire equal, which is absurd

I pointed out to him that Christ never referred to more than one church, Your observation was quite correct I said that all the churches which claimed to be the One True Church obviously could not be equal Since Christ founded one nlv Church and guaranteed that it would be infallible in teaching His doctrine and would last till the end of the world it follows that only one of the existing Churches can be the true Church He replied: "The Church of England does not claim to be the One True Church nor does any other Protestant Church" Is this a fact?

Yes The Catholic Church is the only Church founded by Christ, And that is an argument in its favour for since Christ founded an infallible and indefetible Church, any Church which does not at least make the claim to be the true Church is for that verv rea son excluded

k # The Oxford Movement

Where can I find an account of the Oxford Movement?

There is a wealth of literature on the subject But I recommend "The Oxford Movement," by Shane Leslie: ''The Spirit of the Oxford Movement" by Christopher Dawson and "The Catholie Revival in the XLXth. Centurv,' by Thureau-Dangin

A Confusion.

Will you please confine your answer to for and against the Immaculate Conception

You mean the Virgin Birth of Christ

The Immaculate Conception an the Virgin Birth are totally differeat things

The Immaculate Conception mea:vs that the Blessed Virgin Mary, from the first moment of her existence was preserved free from all taint of Original Sin The Virgin Birth refers to the manner of Cur Lord's birth. It is the doctrine that Our Lord was born ot Mar wht was and remained always a Vt

Is the doctrine of the Virgin Birth an abstract, symbolical ideal, inconceivable to human mentality, and not literally true?

The doctrine of the Virgin Birth of Christ is not a symbolical ideal It is literally and wholly true; as such revealed by God and taught for two thousand years by the Catholi Church

Is it a fact that Cardinal Newman composed the hymn: "Lead Kindly Light?"

Yes But it was composed before he became a Cardinal and before he became a Catholic Taking his theme from a lighthouse beam seen across a stormy sea, he prayed that the light of Divine Truth would lead him on Shortly afterwards he entered the Catholic Churc.h k # t

The Spanish Inquisition

What was the Spanish Inquisition?

The Spanish Inquisition was an e clesiastical and civil tribunal established in Spain in 1478 by Ferdinand and Isabella, who were empowered to do so by Pope Sixtus IV In one form or nother it lasted for nearlv thre centuries In the beginning. th Inquisition was directed against the Jew ish pseuda-converts who threatened alike the Spanish nationality and the Christian Faith Later it was used t combat the nominal Moorish converts who were in league with the enemies o Spain and plotting the overthrow of the Spanish nation In the XVIth century, under Philip II , the Inqusition was successfully used as a weap t prevent Protestantism from dividin the country

While many of the hair-raising stories about the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition have long been discredited as fabrications, it remains true that the Spanish monarchs frequently used the real danger to the nation as a pretext for prosecuting any powerful enemy of the crown and for filling the empty

coffers of the treasury by the unjust imprisonment of innocent people and the confiscation of their property Not infrequently, the Inquisitors themselves were mere puppets in the hands of the political power, These abuses were

Communion

Catholic" Queensland:

THE RECORD

condemned in the most emphatic man-1 ner by several Popes

The fruits oi the most recent historica research en the subject will be found n von Pastor's "History of the Popes'' Vol IV., Sqq, and in Walshe's "Isabella of Spain"

Under One Kind

I would be grateful if you would answer the following questions for me i shall do so with pleasure

I have a Protestant friend, a better person no one could wish to meet I have had many similar experiences He believes that the Catholic Church is a Christian Church and that anyone belonging to it, who leads a good life, will attain heaven Catao'ics would regard that as rather an understatement of tbcIr position, but it shows that your friend is not prejudiced against Catholics

He asks: "Why do Catholics, when they receive Holy Communion, only receive the Body of Our Lord, instead of both His Body and Blood?"

His question is based on a misunderstanding of Catholic teaching Catholics receive Holy Communion under one kind only, but they receive the whole Christ, Body and Blood Soul and Divinity, It is not necessary to receive under both kinds to receive the whole Christ for Christ's Body is a living body and, therefore those who receive His Body in Holy Communion also receive His Blood

Apart from the practical and hygienic reasons which commend it, the practice of receiving Holy Communion under one kind s quite in accordance with the doctrine of St Paul, who wrote: ' Whosoever shall eat this bread or drink the chalice of the Lord unwor thily shall be guilty of the Body and of the Blood of the Lord" (I, Cor, xi., 27.)

k ke k

The Doctrine of Purgatory

He also wanted to know where the teaching of Purgatory came from

The doctrine of Purgatory came from the same source as all the other doctrines of the Catholic Church, namely, from Divine Revelation

The doctrine of Purgatory is clearly contained in Sacred Scripture Let me refer you to II Mach xii , 43-46 This text shows (a) that men can die in a state of friendship with God ("who had fallen asleep with gdliness'), and yet

Bitter cold nights never worry those who sleep beneath

not be entirely free from sin; (b) that these sins could be expiated in the next life; (e) that such departed souls cold be helped by the prayers of the living In other words the text con:ins n brief the Catholic doctrine of Purgatory

In Matt xii, 32, Our Lord speaks of the sin "which shall not be forgiven either n this world or in the world to come" The forgiveness of sin in this world to come as implied in the words of Our Lord cannot refer to hell, for in hell there is no forgiveness Nor can thev refer to heaven for in heaven there is no sin to be forgiven They I must therefore refer to an intermediate state which we call Purgatory

Speaking of the judgment of the soul after death, St Paul declares that every man's work shall be tested and then he adds: "If any man's work burn, he shall suffer loss; but he himself shall be saved yet so as by fire'' These words cannot refer to heaven, in which nothing not perfect is found; nor can they refer to hell, in which and from which there is no redemption, They refer, then, to an intermediate purificatory state which we call purgatory

One word more: Your friend assumes that the Bible is the only source of Divine Revelation, Now, this assumption has no basis either in Scripture or history Christ never commanded His Apostles and Disciples to write one word He founded a Church, made His Apostles the first rulers of it, and commanded them to teach His whole doctrine to all men till the end of the world On the other hand He commanded all men to hear and obey His Church It is only from the teaching of the infallible Church founded by Christ that we know for certain that the Bible is the Inspired Word of God, and what Books constitute the Bible # e

Infallibility

We are taught in the Catholic Catechism that the Catholic Church never erred We are taught that the Catholic Church has not erred and cannot err

in teaching the doctrine and the law of Christ The Catholic Church does not claim that individuals within her fold cannot err, nor that all her subjects will be faithful to her teaching There was a Judas among the twelve chosen Apostles of Christ Our Lord Himself compared His Church to a fishing net containing good and bad fish; to a field containing cockle as well as wheat; and He predicted that scandals would occur in His Church k k t k

Martin Luther

Recently my friend gave me a life of Martin Luther to read

Biographies of Martin Luther are al ways interesting reading but, in assessing their value it is important to find out whether they are written in a strictly historical or in a partisan spirit Much that has been written about him has little or no connection with historical faet

This book was written by Gustav Koe nig and I ask whether it is reliable I am not acquainted with that particular book; and have been unable to find anv mention of it in standard works on Luther But, judging from the statements you quote from it, it is anything but reliable, being most uncritical and a strange mixture of fact and fabrication

It says that Luther left the Church because it was doing wrong things It is true that Luther left the Church It is also true that many of the Catholic clergy of the time were corrupt and unfaithful to their high calling Luther himself was no exception, though he had solemnly vowed poverty, chastity and obedience to God, he violated all three vows and gave himself over to various immoral excesses I do not deny that Luther had certain good qualitiesstrong personality, courage kindness and a certain impulsive generosity, but I do deny that he was in any sense of the term the saintly reformer he is made out to be in certain partisan and unreliable works

Instead of living to the full teaching of the Catholic Church and persuading others to do the same he broke away from the Catholic Church which had been founded by Christ Himself, and set up an organisation of his own, He did not leave the Catholic Church to lead a better or holier life, as the sub° sequent events of his unfortunate life show only too plainly k The "Sale" of Indulgences, According to the book, Pope Leo X , ostensibly to raise money for the building of St Peter's, but really to maintain his corrupt court, had instituted a general sale of indulgences Though Pope Leo X was certainly no saint, and though there were many detestable abuses even in the Papal Court of the time, there is no foundation for the assertion that the Pope "instituted a general sale of indulgences," or that the money collected for the building of St Peter's was not devoted to that object These indulgences were a remission of penances and good works, enjoined as conditions of forgiveness, or a licence to receive absolution upon a bare confession unaccompanied by satisfaction The author of the book is obviously very hazy in his notions of indulgences Indulgences are not a remission of penances, nor a licence to receive absolution but the remission of the temporal punishment due to sin, which sometimes remains after sin itself has been forgiven It s true however that certain preachers of the indulgence ignorant of Catholic Theology sometimes granted indulgences on conditions flatly opposed to the teaching of the Church, which was set forth with the greatest accuracy in the Papal Documents on the question k k Tetzel

It says that the sale of these indulgences in Germany was committed to a man named Tetzel, a~ No one was commissioned to 'sell indulgences, and any statement to the contrary is mere fiction not history It is true that Tetzel himself held that all that was required for the obtaining of an indulgence for the dead was an offering of money. Not only had he no authorisation from the Pope or an one else to teach such erroneous doctrine, but he was severely reproved for doing so by the greatest theologian of the time, Cardinal Cajetan, who declared that if preachers taught such opinions no credence should be given to them ''Preachers," he wrote, "speak in the name of the Church only so long as they proclaim the doctrine of Christ and His Church: but if, for purposes of their own, they teach that about which thev know nothing and which is only their own imagination, they must not be acceptei s mouth-pieces of the Church" Fnally, it is t: we that Tetzel gave more time and attention to getting money than to Catholic teaching and

Thursday, June 20, 1940

th"spiritual good of the people For this abuse he was roundly condemned by his contemporary and brother in Religion, Johann Linder, and by numerous other Catholics The Church does not grantee the integrity of individuals 6 k Fact and Fiction.

It also states that a money box was affixed to the church door, and the people were told that if they put money in this box, the souls of their friends would be loosed from Purgatory. That was one of the abuses of which Johann Linder complained: "Tetzel,' he writes "devised unheard-of means o. making money which caused scandal and bred complaints amongst the people" But the abuses of individuals have nothing whatever to do with the doctrine of the infallibility of the Church and the Pope

Knowing that this was wrong, the book says, Martin Luther broke away and tried to right the Catholic Church, but the Pope wouldn't let him

That is a half truth; on a par with other very one-sided statements you quote from the book Luther attacked not only the abuses of highly-placed individuals within the Church, but also Catholic teaching itself He invented a set of doctrines of his own making and forsook the Catholic Church, whose teachings were guaranteed as the truth by Christ Himself, He set up a separate organisation of his own, and was followed by the masses of people whom a worldly and indifferent clergy had allowed to remain in ignorance of Christian teaching, and also by the most corrupt of the clergy and the secular princes Instead of reforming the abuses in the Church in accordance with Catholic teaching, he ncreased them tenfold by adding schism nd a new doctrine which was anything but conducive to goodness of life k # k The True Meaning of Infallibility. Is all this true?

No it is a rather one-sided account of events, and a strange mixture of truth and falsehood, as has been already pointed out.

Has the Catholic Church ever erred?

The Catholic Church has never erred in those matters in which she claims to be infallible, namely, in teaching the doctrine of Christ and in teaching and applying Christian forals The reaons whv she cannot err in these mat ters is the Divine guarantee given to the Church bv Christ Himself But the Church does not hold, and never has held, that individuals or groups of individuals within the Church cannot err in matters either of faith or morals On the contrary, she has always been fully cognisant of the warning of Our Lord that scandals would occur in the Church, that false prophets and schisms and heresies would arise

The abuses in the Church at the tim of Luther were bad enough, and there is no reason or justification for denying or concealing or mitigating themWe must discount distortion and legend on either side and face the facts But even if these abuses were ten times worse than they were in reality, they would not be a good or sufficient reason for anvone to break awav from the Church founded by Christ Those who fully live up to the teaching of the Catholic Church reach the very heights of holiness. Had Luther done this and led others to follow him, as did the Catholic saints of the time h wld have a much greater right to the title of "reformer" As it was, he did not reform the evil; he merely increased the destruction it caused, If the Catholic Church never erred, how can we prove that it didn't?

Before there can be any question of proof, you must be quite sure as to what exactlv the Church claims Now, as has been already explained the Church claims to be infallible in teaching the doctrine and the moral law of Christ She does not claim doctrinal infallibility or moral ntegrity for individuals or groups of individuals within the Church With reference to the proof of the Catholic claim as it is in reality, t is suffcient to observe here that the opponents of the Church have never been able to prove that the Church has been guilty of error either n her doctrinal or her moral teaching And they cer tainly have tried hard enough ke THE BANNS OF MARRIAGE

JH,, Haberfeld, N.8.W : Has the parish priest the power to re fuse to publish the banns in the case of a mixed marriage?

Yee According to the law of the Church (Canon 1026) the banns of mar riage are not to be published without the permission of the Bishop of the Diocese in the case of marriages contracted with a dispensation from tho impediment of disparity of cult Of mixed religion The granting of this permission is governed by stringent regulations

Peter laurin Attack of lrreligion on Youth

Impressions by One of His Fellow Workers

Pl.,1ER Maurin, co-founder or The Catholic Worker" (U SA), has been described as an Apostle n the Bum '' the "Modern St Francis," and a Catholic making a noise like a communist'' Peter is an unusual and lovable character, and to know him s to love him, His ragged appearance obscures the little sixtytwo-year-old French peasant who has exerted such great influence on workers students and educators, Catholics and non-Catholics alike His pungent Easy Essays, published in "The Catholic Worker" and later put n book form, have won wide acclaim

Essentially an agitator Peter goes about among the unemployed on the Boweries, in flop-houses and slums

:aching; social message Often he can be found among communists in Union Square or Columbus Circle He is equally respected, and very much at home, in assembly halls and colleges

Detachment

Not only does he preach ideas Peter Maurin lives them His programme is based on voluntary poverty and personal sacrifice, and no one personifies the idea more than he, Peter is so wound up in his concern for others, in his Catholic faith and his simple philosophy that he is completely detached from material things His last nought is money and hiving with him in a house of hospitality is to see him happy in his frugal comfort, caring oniv for a bre minimum of possessions, and thes are his books

Everyone coming in contact with Peter warm to him whether he be black or white, communist or fascist, Jew or Gentile His approach to everyone i on of extreme charity, and he believe: firmly in clarification of thought and setting personal example a the bet means of changing people' pent ot view To a communist h may pull such a quip as, Yu r a ollower of Marx How, then can ou call yourself a communist?" From this point on Petr will xplain the ommunism of the early r ligiou: rder· and monasteries Talking on interracial justice he might say "The Nre will get nowhere trying to ive up t the standards of the white people, He should do what he wants the whit people to do and then th white people will look up to him'

Back to the Land

Peter charges modern education with turning out yes men'' for business and stock broker· who "'sell stocks to people until they are stuck " He claims the ct of giving a degree should not be called commencement but rather the fatal end for modern graduates To college professors he insists they only teach students to master subjects, and this is not enough. Students should be taught to master situations

One must laugh at Peter's description of his attempt to start an "impresion on the depression by starting a rumpus on the campus" He found agitation was not rampant on the campus, while everyone was preparing for business and business is the bunk'

Peter's call for a back-to-the-land movement has resulted in six farming communes now operated by "Catholic Worker" groups He believes that on the land man can be free, healthy and creative. On the land a man can best put into living practice the proper conept of private ownership, agreeing with St Thomas that a certain amount of private ownership is necessary to human life He believes the solution for unemployment lies on the land and puts little faith in the fact that the government or private industry can put all the idle back to work, By mutual aid, teaching each other, says Peter, and setting personal example, people can find a place for themselves on the land as functional ndividuals in a communal society rather than acquisitive individuals in the competitive order

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It Works

Manv social workers and teachers of sociology disagree violently with Peter's technique He tells them "sociology is called a social science To me it is not a science but an art, the art of creating order out of chaos" His call is for living sociologists not those who merely have the training as a means of livelihood Once, when vexed by a social worker, Peter asked what she would do The social worker gave him a long detailed plan about surveying" the men who come ior help and, by her "intelligent'' approach would prove there was no need for the breadlines and that the men didn't really have to be there Peter pointed to piles of statistics on hand and all those that come pouring in the mails Unfortunately he said, they could not be eaten

Nothing can deter Peter What usually sound like crack-pot ideas to manv often materialise into realities because of Peter's consistent agitation He was called crazy for advocating houses of hospitality and farming communes Now there are houses in some thirty cities as well as six farm communes, In unplanned tineraries, Peter's ideas are carried all over the country He has been heard by thousands of students and workers whose lives have been changed for having heard them

Names.

Often Peter is laughed at by people not knowing who he is His old clothes make him look no better than those lown-trodden ones he helps Yes, he has ben called bum," crack-pot' and "red" These rebukes he takes in his stride

One of Peter's difficulties is his broken English He never could understand why people shout at a person with an accent as though he was deaf His difficulty was trying to put across his "points" against the good diction others For this reason Peter dev·loped his speaking and writing style of terse, pungent sentences It was hi: job to get the most said in the least mount of words and then get the idea across His essays are all gms and have been aptly called, "capsules of dynamic social Catholicism" In a publi h; 'I Peter's voice is thunderous

For vears Peter htas incessantly shouted his message and all the while increased his knowledge Constantly he pores over books and can answer almost any question on history His mind is keen, analytical and retentive, It has been over twenty years since Peter came to the American continent

During his early years in Canada and the United States, Peter worked on all sorts of menil jobs But wherever he was his index finger was waving wildlv at some unseen point On Anti-Semitism,

During the recent wave of antSemitism in New York many Jews came to "The Catholic Worker" Some came for advice or assistance in forming groups to bring about tolerance between creeds, others came because of Peter's writings on Jews in the paper

Peter believes we should have more Jews than we do in this or any country He calls them a bulwark against Nationalism, since they are the nonconformist minority which refute this doctrine. Christians are followers of Christ Because of this, says Peter, every time a Christian sees a Jew he should be reminded of Christ and love him for being of the race that Christ was part of

Though Peter believe: in trade unions as a means in attaining the vocationa! group system advocated by the labour enevclicals, he deplores the philosophy, or lack of it, of most modern labour leaders He maintains unions will accomplish nothing as long as workers themselves are capitalistminded Peter always points to the fit that Christ was a worker and therefore dignified labour for all tine

This noble feature is degraded when labour is regarded as a commodity

Peter advocates that workers become scholars and scholars become workers

Peter Maurin is not young n years but young in spirit Probably he and his ideas mav not become widely known to this generation But history shows us there were others of Peter's type who were regarded as eccentric and appeared foolish to those around them

Yet these people typified by St Francis of Assisi, seem destined to fill the needs of their day and their real influence is felt, and moves the lives of thousands, in later years They were "crazv in their own crazy way" and Peter, the bum, the red, the crazy one, ill-clad and making a noise like a communist will go down in history with them "Catholic Worker "

The irreligious character of the modern world represents the negative aspect of the attack on Faith, Youth must be armed, too, for the fight against the positive attacks upon Christ and His Church Are we the witnesses of an unprecedented struggle betwee the Church and the World? Many believe so At all events we are aware that there exist in our midst, under innocuous names and in varied disguises, many organisations which aim directly and openly at stifling, 'in the youthful mind, belief in God, belief in Jesus Christ, His Divinity, His Church Many such organisations are affiliated with atheistic Communism, some are ostensibly sporting organisations some political, some social in character Some proffer the bait of international peace and brotherhood others are brazen enough to assume the very title "Christian"

But these numerous organisations are nspired by one common aim: to destroy the belief of men and especially of youth, in God and in all that such a belief implies They spread their nets wide to embrace youth of all classes and creeds Their methods are cleverlv suited to meet all manner of occasions, their propaganda is manufactured to appeal to every type of intellect Thev exhibit the astuteness and the pertinacity of Satan himself in their warfare against the souls of men Their call goes out to vouth, for thev know full well that the victor of this conflict must go to that side which enlists under its banner the potential leaders and rulers of to-morrow "The child is father of the man "

The problem of guarding the Catholic heritage of vouth of handing it on unimpaired; the problem of stemming the drift from the Faith: the problem of making youth a vast and vigorous crusading force for Christ; this is the problem facing every priest

and demanding instant and unceasing attention Why are Catholic populations not expanding as quickly as we would wish, as quickly as they should? Is it true that the number of those who are lost to the Faith is in excess of the number of those who are converted to it?

I' so, where is the leakage? Can blame be attached to our Catholic system of education? Is the weakness there? Definitely no There seems little doubt that the loss occurs among youth of post-school age There is the critical period-those years when the restraining and guiding influence of the teaching Sisters and Brothers is no longer felt; when youth, gloriously irresponsible, stands on the threshold of the great adventure: Life; when the glamour of the world calls imperiously; when tempting prospects open out on every hand enticing the inexperienced to explore them Above all, this is the age when youth needs guidance, help and encouragement

PRESS BLASPHEMY ANNOYS FRENCH CATHOLICS

The printing of a blasphemous article in a Paris daily newspaper on Ascension Day has brought a protest from General de Castle nau, president of the National Catholic Federation

He has written to all diocesan committees drawing their attention to this article attacking the foundations of Christianity

"At a time when France is carrying on a stern struggle which requires for success the efforts and unity of all spiritual forces in the country, the moment is very badly chosen to kindle fires in the religious world that can only cast doubt and division in minds and hearts'' he writes

The article in question is no doubt that in M Leon Blum's "Populaire'' referred to in our issue of May 30

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Pamphlet on Right to be Happy

St Louis, U S A In a scathing denunciation of war as 'mass murder, poverty and famine,'' followed bv "the dismal hangover of an exhausted peace," the Rev Daniel A Lord, S J , editor of "The Queen's Work," and famous Catholic author, has just issued his latest booklet, "You've a Right to be Happy,"' as the May release of the Pamphlet-a-Month Guild, national Catholic literary project, with headquarters here

Stressing the point that man's unhappiness is manmade, Father Lord emphasises that God always will supply man with more than he needs in every. respect, but that man hasn't enough sense to make use of God's bounty as the Creator plans it to be used

Men "make war and all the time they know that war never got anyone anything worth the having," he continues Man's illogical actions are best illustrated by the crucifixion of Christ, whose life "was marked by the happiness He brought to those around Him "

Saying that one's happiness is a matter of one's own making, Father Lord suggests that veto of such phrases as "my enemy '' "I hate " "I'II get even with that person," "Then thi means war" "I'll crush him for that-,' "That dirty nigger," '1 hate Jews,' "Shanty Irish," "a goes,'' "Huns,'' "He'll do as say or else" "I'II fix him for tnat " "ire when you are ready -'' ell bomb vour citv," "Might is right-."

Discussing the brotherhood of man, Father Lord savs one of the "most savage charges against the Catholic Church right here in America is that she is international And all because she has the 'mad' dea that men ought to see themselves as a brotherhood wider than the boundaries of an nation; she has some cockeved' scheme for bringing men together in ecumenical councils, a vast league of mankind thinking alike, loving one another striving for common objectives, recognising one Father mn heaven and one divine leader on earth, trying to heal the wounds of humanitv and prepare all men for ultimate citizenship in God's kingdom " One of the timeliest and most important pamphlets Father Lord has ever written, the price has been held down to 10 cents by the Guild to insure it the widest circulation possible, it was explained

A RULE OF THREE

Desirable Qualities

Three things to govern-temper, tongue, and conduct

Three things to cultivatecourage, affection and gentleness

Three things to commandthrift, industry, and promptness

Three things to despisecruelty, arrogance, and ingratitude

Three things to wish forhealth, friends and contentment

Three things to admire-dignity, gracefulness and intellectual power

Three things to give-alms to the needy, comfort to the sad and appreciation to the worthy

INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 19371939 (STATE) INCOME TAX (RATES FOR DE DUCTION ACT 1939 (STATE Payment of Income Tax by Instalments Deducted from Salary and Wages

The Commissioner of Taxation (Mr M D Mears), advises that in December 1939 Parliament amended the Income Tax Assessment Act 1937 an pas ·d the Income Tax (Rates fr Dduti ni Act 1939, to provide for payment by employee: of their income tux by instalments by wy of deduction 'rom salary or wages and by the u of tax instalment stamps by per· n: thr than employees

2 The amendment Act and the Rate for Deduction Act provide tat the Acts shall come into operation on a date to be fixed by proclamation. The proclamation will be duly is sued and the Act will ome into operaton n 1/8, 1940

3 Employers are responsible f the deduction of tax instalment 'rom every payment of salary or wages at the rate of 37- per week or mor mad on or after that date

4. Payment may be made t the two following methods fa) By purchase of tax instalment tamps from any Post Of r fror any State Office which sell H spital Fund stamps, and from this department and delivery of the tamps t the employee, or (b) By arrangement with the commi: sioner, where the numi r f prmnent employees exceeds fifty b deduetion on pay sheets and remittan by the employer to the department

5 The rates of deduction are: () Where the rate of salary r wage doe not exceed £8 per week, sixpence for every pound and for ever' 'ractional part of a pound ex eding ten shillings and (b) where the rate of salary or wages exceeds 8 per week, ninepence for every pound and for every fractional part of a pound

Salary or wages include commision, bonus or allowance, or any payment for labour only or substantially for labour only and any remuneration paid by a company to a director

6 Deductions must be made by the employer unless the employee presents to him a certificate of exemption issued by the Taxation Department. In his own interest an employee who is not liable to Income Tax for any reason, such as the amount of his assessable income being less than the statutory exemption or the concession. I deductions to which he is entitled rendering him not liable to income tax should forthwith apply for a certificate of exemption in order that no deductions shall be made from his wages

7 Publications explaining the responsibilities and duties under the Acts of employers and employees may be obtained upon application to the de partment

8, Persons, other than employees, may also purchase tax instalment stamps and accumulate them until an income tax assessment is received The value thereof may then be used in payment of the income tax assessment

9 It is to be noted that the svstem of payment of income tax referred to above applies to State income Tax only The present arrangements for payment of Hospital

ANNOUNCER: The following programme, which is entirely unrehearsed, presents an informal discussion between Professor J Clyde Wilberwill, former dean of the University of Appomattox, and Professor Alan Lemuel Carstairs, director of Sociology at the University of Tunkhannock, on the subject: Horse and Buggy Ideals in a Streamlined Democracy The opinions of the speakers are entirely their own and in no way reflect the views of the station to which you are listening

First Voice: Good evening, Carstairs! I believe that in a discussion of this nature, with the limited time we have at our disposal, we must first of all agree that the spirit of democracy consists in a democratic way of lifeif I make mvself clear

Second Voice: What vou mean to say, I gather, is that it makes no difference whether I wash mv hands in a tin basin or in a porcelain lavatory with stainless steel trimmings, as long as my inner convictions are activated by the democratic principle

First Voice I will concede that, Carstairs, only as far as the time element is concerned Bv that, I mean to say that if you were to ask me to wash my hands in a tin basin fifty years agowell and good! But if you are asking me to wash my hands in a tin basin n this day of modern plumbingwell, you bring up a point that 1 would not care to answer with a too hasty or dogmatic affirmative

Second Voice: I think I understand what you mean, Wilberwill You mean that a democracy cannot afford to ignore progress: in fact, that progress is the essence of democracy Therefore, whereas it was becoming say, for Abraham Lincoln to wash his hands in a tin basin the citizen of to-day has every right to coordinate his daily life with modern plumbing, radios, motor cars and electric refrigerators

First Voice: I would go farther, Carstairs If democracv means anything at all, I maintain it is a positiveduty of your true Liberal to enjoy all the advances of modern civilisation After all, what is the purpose of civilisation?

Second Voice: I agree with you Wilberwill, theoreticallv In other words, you are visualising an ideal-a perfect civilisation with complete happiness But are you not facing a slight difficulty? Now, please do not misunderstand me I do not say your ideal is not possible, but are you not heading into the age-old problem of human nature?

First Voice: Human nature indeed! That is the crv of everv reactionary -

Second Voice: You certainlv are not seriously accusing me of being reactionary, Wilberwill?

First Voice: God forbid, my dear Carstairs! But can vou not see that when you bring up the argument of human nature vou are merely begging the question? What is a democracv for if it is not to point out to the citizen, such as he is, the way to the higher life? To train, to educate to render every aid in the pursuit of happiness which is guaranteed him under the Constitution

Second Voice: Quite true! But I think you are minimising the brutal side of human nature, Wil

By GEORGE S DE LORIMIER, in "America"

berwill Think of the man actuated solely by insatiable greed

If his neighbour has one automobile, he must have two If his neighbour has two radios, he must have three or four-

First Voice: Go ahead! Why don't you say a hundred?

Second Voice: All right, I do say a hundred

First Voice: You see, Carstairs, if you will permit me to say it, you have led yourself entirely away from the point We must never lose sight of the spirit of democracy I am afraid you are over-emphasising the background or trappings of democracy at the expense of the guiding principle Or, to express it another way, are not the radios, the motor cars, the electric refrigerators the result of a democratic concept of mind?

Second Voice: I quite agree with the principles you are enunciating, Wilberwill; but I still do not believe you quite get the point I am trying to make Let me put it another way: Are there any people in the United States who have no electric refrigerators?

First Voice: Most certainlv there are; as there are in England, in France in Russia-

Second Voice: Did you say Russia?

First Voice: I believe I did

Second Voice: Would you contend that Russia is a democracv?

First Voice: I think vou are getting away from the point again, by dear Carstairs The spirit of democracy is the thing that counts This is a complex, intangible thing that springs from the human heart It is the thing we are here concerned with The trouble with most of us is that we like labels It is not as simple as that

Second Voice: Then I take it Wilberwill, what might be a democracy to-day could well be a dictatorship to-morrow?

First Voice: You will insist on labels, Carstairs However, obviously, if I am analysing a state of mind I must agree that it is subject to the vicissitudes of, shall I say, progress

Second Voice: Well, that just about brings us back to where we started, dos it not Wilberwill?

As I see the problem, we are faced with a dvnamic force that mav flow in anydirection

First Voice: Theoretically, that may be so, my dear Carstairs But are you not forgetting the purposes of education? After all, how can a democracy function except through the will of the people? And how can the will of the people be directed along the true paths of democracy except through education?

Second Voice: You feel then Wilberwill, that with the wonderful svstem of educatoin in the United States we need never fear that the great majority of our en lightened citizens will not sue cessfllv direct our nation to the fullest development of our democratic ideals?

First Voice: That I maintain, is the bulwark Carstairs

Second Voice: And, I take t, you will agree further, that our enlightened citizen is entitled to the fruits of democracy?

First Voice: I will ask you just what vou mean bv the fruits of democracv?

Second Voice: Merelv what you have been discussing: motor cars radios, bath tubs, refrigerators

First Voice: While I am quite prepared to affirm your question, you will pardon me, my dear Carstairs, if I point out to you that you are opening up the entire field of economics Reallv sometimes I feel that you have the capitalistic mind Now, I have been assuming that this discussion was concerned with the subjective aspect of democracy; although I quite agree that we cannot divorce the field of economics from the democratic process

Second Voice: Preciselv! You have admitted that in this country there are someI will say many-people who have no motor cars, no radios, no electric refrigerators What of them? Now, do nt misunderstand me Wi]berwi!l I am not insisting personallv that thev should have them I am merely asking you whether, in a true democracy, they are not entitled to them

First Voice: I think I have intimated clearlv that thev are entitled to them

Second Voice: But still thev do not have them

First Voice: Suppose I answer that they are free to acquire them?

Second Voice: Is not that the capitalist's argument?

First Voice: Really, Carstairs, I trust vou will not take it amiss if I again point out to you that you are stressing the economic thesis which is merely one of the problems to be solved by the democratic principle If I may say it,

you are confusing cause with effect You arc inclined, I think, mv dear Carstairs, to allow vourself to become too concerned with the workings of democracv In short, vou have a pragmatic mind Yn become enmeshed in the endless manifestations of a weak mankind struggling to adjust itself to the democratic concept It is the spirit of democracy that really matters The great founders of our Constitution concerned themselves with principles They were well aware that from a guiding light would flow the orderly development of the democratic process

Second Voice: Then I will ask yon this, Wilberwill: have you not stated that the guiding principle itself is subject to change or development?

First Voice: I beg your pardon!

Second Voice: I believe vou agreed that the essence of democracy is progress Therefore, what are guiding principles of democracv to-dav could conceivablv be something different to-morrow?

First Voice: I would like to answer that question, Carstairs, but I see our time is about up In closing, I trust that this free discussion which is in itself one of the bright manifestations of our democratic heritage, has been helpful to our listeners Good night, Carstairs!

Second Voice: Wilberwill!

Good-night,

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Name Breakfast

Communion

Large Attendance at Highgate

"The mission of the Church in the world of to-day can be carried out only if our laymen realise their duty If the Catholic Church is to save modern civilisation we need Catholic men who will create and foster a sane public opinion by carrying the principles of Jesus Christ and the Church into the occupation in which Divine Providence has set them," said Rev Father Dwyer, CSSR,, who represented His Grace the Archbishop at the econd annual Communion Breakfast of the Sacred Heart branch of the Hol Name Society

A large number of members attended the function, which was held in the Parish Hall

Mr R J Bryant presided over the gathering in the absence, through illness of the branch and diocesan president Mr E Le B Henderson Rev Father Wallace, Adn: opened the proceedings with grace and the prayer for His Holiness the Pope

In proposing the toast of the Archbishop and Clergy Mr President Dwyer paid an eloquent tribute to the outstanding leadership given the Catholic community by His Grace Arch bishop Prendiville, On every side could be seen the magnificent monuments which His Grace had erected in the name of Catholicity, and his work would continue to go on. We traditionally respected our bishops and priests, who in devoting themselves to God also devoted themselves to humanity Father Dwyer, in responding to the toast on behalf oi His Grace the Archbishop said: 'In these dreadful times we must come to the conclusion that the Catholic Church alone is the remedy for the evils that are afflicting the world The only remedy is in a return to Christian principles as taught by the Catholic Church, the principles of Jesus Christ Rulers and social leaders may meet and legislate but unless God's principles are adopted, all the ideas of men must come to nought,

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"RESTORING ALL THINGS" A Guide to Catholic Action Edited by J Fitzsimons and Paul McGuire Price 10/THE EVERLASTING MAN ' By G K Chesterton Price 3/9

"THE LITURGY OF THE MASS." By Dr Pius Parsch Translated by Rev Frederic C Eckhoff with a foreword by the Most Reverend John J Glennon, DD, Archbishop of St Louis Price 17/6 THE SPLENDOUR OF THE LITURGY" By Maurice Zundel Translated by Edward Watkin Price 12/6

STIRLING AGENCIES (MISS NILAND), B 7963

281 MURRAY STREET, PERTH

Farm and station hands, youths, cooks, generals, yard men No effort spared to obtain the person most fitted for any vacancy you may have Enrol now Positions filled daily from register

Unless God, who made the world, presides over the counsels of governments and the world, unless he is the referee as it were in every matter in which moral principles are at stake, then all our efforts will be in vain

Our late Holy Father the Pope, mn his exalted office as Vicar of Christ, attacked courageously all the evils of his day and sounded a warning of the immorality of the modern world Our present Holy Father is following in his footsteps How few people in the world have read even the encyclicals of our Holy Father, and what little attention has been given to them by the rulers on earth? The newspapers have practically disregarded these teachings and have taken notice only of a passage here and there to suit their own political beliefs

'How, then, is the world to be changed? It devolves more than ever on the Catholic layman to do his share We need Catholic men who will be the leaders for which the world today is clamouring, and who will combat the pagarism which is spreading everywhere We need Catholic laymen, full of charity and zeal, who will follow the teachings of Jesus Christ in their private lives and bring them into the markets, the forum and the factory Catholic professional men must know and understand well the Catholic principles with regard to their profession and lose no opportunity of propagating those principles of Jesus Christ amongst their fellow professional men Employers must know Catholic principles with regard to their business and the treatment of those whom they employ

"Likewise, the workers must know Catholic principles as applied to their work, They should be members of the various trade unions, attend meetings of the trade unions, and be fearless and courageous in defending Catholic principles amongst their fellow workers This is what the Catholic layman is expected to do in remedying modern evils and in propagating the principles of Jesus Christ and the Church, which alone are the salvation of the world today, Our Catholic laymen must not be fearful of difficulties, afraid of a setback Let us consider what the enemies of Christ's Church are prepared to face to obtain their own nefarious ends Surely Catholic laymen should be prepared to face at least as great difficulties as the enemies of Christ

'Let us remember that the Church of which we are privileged to be members has for 20 centuries upheld all the interests of Goel and of the Church She has been harassed by schismatics and heretics, but no power of evil has ever been able to induce her to change one tittle of her teaching, which is received from her Divine Founder, and which she proclaims through the mouth of Christ's Vicar on earth Let us show the world that we are proud to be Catholies and uphold the principles of Jesus Christ Then we can come before our Divine Master and he will say to us: Well done good and faithful servants Because you have confessed Me before men, I will confess you before My Father, who is in heaven"

Rev Brother Keenan, Principal of the Christian Brothers' School in Highgate proposed the toast of the Holy Name Society He sketched the history of the society since its origins n the thirteenth century, and went on to describe its rapid expansion in America and in more recent years in Australia

Mr Wells, in replying to the toast, urged greater efforts to increase the membership of the society, He recalled the slogan: Every Catholic a Holy Name man Mr Foley congratulated the Highgate branch on the success of the function and also on the fact that it is the largest branch in the West The society was continuing to make progress especially in the country districts There were now fifty branches in the State and over three thousand members

The toast of the Visitors was proposed by Mr W Seage and responded to bv Mr G. Cronin, of the Geraldton branch, and Mr P. Anderson, of Nedlands Bringing the proceedings to a close, the Spiritual Director, Rev Father Hussey, paid a tribute to the work of the executive council and the prefects To their untiring devotion was due the present flourishing condition of the branch He also thanked Rev, Father Dwyer and the members of the Diocesan Union for their attendance

Victoria CARRIED H.N.S. New

Enrolled at FULL RITUAL An Appreciation

By A E H )

An inspiring scene was witnessed at the evening devotions at St Joachim's Church, Victoria Park on the second Sunday in June, when 222 men and five boys who, by their attendance at at least three consecutive monthly Holy Communions and meetings had completed their term of probation, were solemnly enrolled as members of the Holy Name Society-the boys in the junior branch In addition, four men wese admitted as probationers The membership register of the branch now shows the following excellent figures: 138 members, 6 probationers, 29 junior members, 32 junior probationers

Following the singing of the hymn, 'Veni Creator,'' the names of the candidates for enrolment were called, and each stepped forward to the altar rail where the vice:president formally presented them to the Spiritual Director, assuring him that all had completed their term of probation according t9 the rules and that they gave promise of being faithful members of the society The Director next proceeded to ascertain their dispositionseach affirmed his acceptance of the conditions of enrolment and solemnly promised that with the grace of God he would observe the rules and constitution

Solemn Ceremony

The formalities now complete, the solemn ceremony of enrolment proceeds With a lighted candle in the left hand and right hand raised, each recites the Holy Name pledge The badges are blessed and presented by the Director with words: "Receive the badge of the Society of the Holy Name of Jesus: May it be to you a pledge of salvation unto life everlasting' to which the member, after kissing the badge, responds Amen

The Director then sprinkles the men with holv water and announces that by the authority committed to him he formally enrols them in the society thus making them partakers of all the graces, indulgences, privileges and spiritual goods of the society The ceremony concludes when the president on behalf of the branch congratulates the newly-enrolled members and welcomes them to the ranks of Holy Name men,

The ritual for the enrolment of junior members is in similar form, but the boys make seven promises n lieu of the pledge, whilst the admission of probationers consists of the recital of an application for membership, a pro mise of fidelity to the rules, and an Act of Consecration to Jesus

The aim of the Holy Name Society is to make good manly Catholics of our Catholic men, and the carrying out of these ceremonies will full ritual cannot fail to make a profound impression on ell present, thus acting as an incentive to members to be faithful to their pledges, and causing non-members to realise that they, too, should join the ranks

HOLY FATHER CONFIRMS CHILDREN OF DIPLOMATS.

The Holy Father, on the Feast of Corpus Christi, gave Holy Communion and administered Confirmation to children of members of the diplomatic corps attached to the Vatican

The ceremony took place in the Consistorial Hall in the presence of most of the foreign diplomats Some of them received Holy Communion

LAST RITES FOR DANCEHALL FIRE VICTIMS

Natchez Miss

While firemen, policemen and volunteers strove to rescue the living from a dance-hall fire here, in which 200 negroes died Fatler Walter Mulrooney, S S J , rector of Holy Family Church, and Father Edward Doherty, S S I., assistant priest, administered the last rites to those of the dving they recognised as Catholics The rectorv is close to the dance hall

BOMBAY GOVERNOR PAYS TRIBUTE TO JESUITS

Bombay

The Governor of the residency Sir Roger Lumley, paid a glowing tribute to the Jesuits for their educational work in Bombay and n other parts of India at a dinner here which marked the conclusion of the diamond jubilee celebrations of St Mary's High School

He said that he felt it to be of the utmost importance that such formative years should be infuenced bv a wholesome Catholic atmosphere

BEREAVEMENT NOTICE

Mr and Mrs W Russell, of Mt Law ley, wish to THANK the Reverend Clergy, Christian Brothers, Mother Prioress and Community, Good Shep herd Convent, Leederville, and the Religious Orders, for the sympathy and kindness extended towards them and their niece, Sister Mary of St Monica during their recent sad bereavement They also thank all their friends for their many messages of condolence, as well as Messrs, Bowra and O'Dea

DEATH

ANDERSON-Of your charity, pray for the repose of the soul of Alfred Theodore Anderson, who departed this life June l5, at Busselton, beloved husband of Jane Elizabeth, and loving father of Alfred, Ray, Dudley (deceased), Victor, Talbot and Ellen, R.IP. Sweet Heart of Jesus, have mercy on his soul

IN MEMORIAM.

GIBNEY Of your charity, pray for the repose of the soul of the Right Reverend Matthew Gibney, DD who departed this life on June 22 1925; and of the Reverend Father P J Gibney, who died on July 15, 1915 RI P Mother of Christ pray for them

Queen of the most holy Rosary, intercede for them

O'NEILL Of your charity pray for the eternal repose of the soul of Very Rev Father O'Neill (late parish priest of Cottesoe), who died June 20, 1939 May perpetual light shine on him

HEALY-In loving memory of our dear wife and mother, Jessie Janet, who departed this life on June 18, 1939.

R.IP

Eternal rest grant to her, O Lord

-Inserted by her loving husband and family

HENRY In loving memory of Patrick, who departed this life on June 19, 1930 Eternal rest grant unto him, O Lord, and let perpetual light shine upon him

-Inserted by his loving wife and family

LEEN In loving memory of Michael who died on June 22, 1929; also Francis John who died on July 19 1933

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on their souls

MOORE Of your charity pray for the happy repose of the oul of Delia Moore, who died June 22, 1931 and John Joseph Moore, died August 3, 1925

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on their souls

-Inserted by their loving family

SWEENEYIn fond remembrance ot Margaret Sweeney, who departed this life on June 24, 1939; also Joseph Sweeney who passed away on July 13, 1937.

Immaculate Heart of Mary, your prayers for them extol; O, Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on their souls

Thursday, June 20, 1940

The

Corporative

By VIRGIL MICHEL 0.$.B

IT is most untortunate that in the minds of many persons the very f term corporative order, is linked up with totalitarianism This is due to the faet that there happen to be several corporate states in existence notably Italy and Germany, which have combined some principles of corporativism with state totalitarianism But any such hybrid is not yet a corporative order of society' as envisioned by the Quadragesimo Anno' and by many Catholic social thinkers of the present and past generations No one today can give a detailed blueprint of the corporative order, for the reason that such an order is one of living men and not mechanical appliances and is moreover still very much in the making if not really existing rather in the embyro form of very general ideas and principles Here all we can do Is to emphasise some of these ideas and principles in the hope that they may be firmly implantedin the minds of many young Christian apostles and may germinate and grow in due time Non-Political.

I As a first principle we may state what we mentioned in the above paragraph The corporative order is not the same as the modern corporate state and is not totalitarian at all It has nothing to do with any race-myth or any glorification of a nationalistic people as the chosen bearers of a special destiny The corporative order is not in the first instance political at all Person Prime 2, A principle of universal application in the corporative order in economies as well as in polities, in private life as well as in public, is that of the basic primacy of the human person Here a clear distinction must be made between the individual as such and the human person The individual is simply a single member of the genus homo or man, He is a unique and unitary sample of mankind, distinct or rather separate from all other similar samples If this aspect of man is overstressed we get individualism which even in its enlightened form is but another word for selfishness When we speak merely of the individual we stress the singularity or the oneness of man and disregard all the other traits of his nature

The person on the other hand is always a being endowed with understanding and will, therefore a spiritual being, regardless of whether he is a pure spirit or else an embodied or incarnate spirit like man Man is truly a person Taking the different grades from the natural to the supernatural, we can say that man is a person because he was made in a special manner after the image of God and is by supernatural grace a child of God in a much more sublime manner since he is a member of the mystical body of Christ, truly "another Christ," a bearer of God within himself

By nature, then, man is body endowed with a spirit reflecting God's nature (understanding and will, etc), and by supernatural grace of incorporation in Christ he is the embodiment of the very life of God, "partaker of the divine ature" (2 Peter 1:4)

From this it is evident to what extent the high dignity of the human person is ignored and by consequence degraded when man is viewed merely as an individual and not as a person

Common Good

3 It is the destiny of man to develop himself as fully as possible, that 1s to grow as a natural image and a supernatural child of God, or to become ever more and more a person

Now human experience at all times and the lasting wisdom of men from the Greek philosophers on, has emphasised the fact that man is by nature social Hence man cannot develop himself into a rich personality without ntercourse and mutual interchange with his fellow men In other words the individual man needs human society in order to develop and grow fully nto a person That society needs the individual man hardly requires mentoning; for society is precisely the mutual togetherness of individual men for any definite purpose

Here we come to our next principle which is reciprocal or bi-polar, ie., swinging as does man himself between two poles, individual and societv The individual man needs society for his development For that reason he is subordinate to the requirements of socety or of social life, and he must do his share in contributing to the whole life of society and in supporting and defending its maintenance against all threats of its dissolution

But society is needed bv man for his development as a person This brings us to the other aspect of our bi-polar

principle The purpose of society is the greatest possible development of human persons Society as such is therefore subordinate to human persons, it must constantly contribute to the support and growth of persons and must defend in all instances the rights and prerogatives of human persons Social Growth.

4 With this we come to a basic principle of the social life of man or of the construction of society Society must be so constructed thatman can live and act in it most fully as a free determining person Both the contribution of the individual to societv and the contribution of society to the person must be palpable or noticeable, measurable if you wish This is not possible when society consists merely of immense masses of men, of mobs, of nation-wide political parties, of economic frankensteins regardless of whether these be employer combines or labour unions

The basic social unit for man must be small, so small that he and his action count in it, that the individual is a palpable member and nfluence in the social unit and its service to him is equally palpable,

This is a most fundamental principle of the corporative order Only in social units that are small enough can the ndividual affect and contribute to the life of the whole in a noticeable manner and can the whole benefit the individual in an equally noticeable manner This is a fundamental presupposition for the growth of the individual into a fuller person through societv One of the chief criticisms made by sponsors of the corporative order against modern capitalism fascism, and communism alike is that in their structural set-up the ordinary ndividual does not count and that in their professed philosophy they consciously or unconsciously ignore the one thing that has value under God in this world: the human person

Subsidiarity

5 A further principle follows irom the above The hierarchy or the scale of social units in a corporative order proceeds from the bottom up and not from the top down as in all totalitarian systems In other words there is the general principle which Pius XI emphasised so strongly as a most important principle of social philosophy, fixed and unshaken, one that can e neither abolished nor changed: Just as it is wrong to take away from individual men and commit to the community as such what these men can accomplish by their personal enterprise and industry so it is an injustice and at the same timeagrave evil and a disturbance of the right order, to commit to a larger and higher social body those functions which can be efficiently performed by smaller and lower organisations" (an original translation quoted from "Christian Social Reconstruction, pp 98-99),

Balance

6 The above principle is one of the maximum autonomy of the smaller social units But it is not a principle of anarchy or disorder; on the contrary, it entails the only correct arrangement of a good social order Just as the individual needs society for his development as a person, so the smaller societies need the larger ones and the state as well, But they need them for the performance of those things which the smaller societies cannot do for themselves and for upholding the conditions of life most conducive to the autonomous functioning of the smaller societies In other words the higher societies are the servants of the lower That has been called the principle of subsidiarity The relation between the smaller societies and the larger ones is the same bi-polar relation that exists between the individual and society as such

Function of State

7 In regard to the position of the state in the corporative order, we can now understand better what is meant by saying that the function of the state is the safeguarding and promotion of the common good The primary duty of the state is to uphold, protect, help establish insofar as necessary the conditions and opportunities for a maximum of autunomous functioning on the part of individuals and smaller social units As to details the state should have the least jurisdietion possible, but it must have full authority in the things that pertain to its competency, ie, for those things that belong to its jurisdiction because smaller units can not perform them Naturally, when there is question of principles, the above must be judged rather by ideal conditions than by the warped conditions that are the result of our individualistic anarchy of past and present

Order

Classes Abolished

8 The primary developments of the corporative order have to do with the economic life, because there the order has been most completely absent or else turned upside down in laissez faire civilisation Under present technological developments economic society is at least a quasi-natural and indispensable society for individual men And the basic social unit in economic life is the group of all those men that contribute in any active manner to any single business or enterprise Thus what we now call workers and managers, or again employers and employees, or brain and brawn, must be partners in some way and not antagon-

ists The natural bond between them is their common interest in the enterprise to which they all contribute and from which they should all get a decent livelihood This is the ideal to which the present antagonistic groupings into opposing classes or horizontal strata. should tend

Caution

A final word may revert to a statement made in the beginning It is impossible to work out a plan or rather the blueprint of the corporative order The general ideas and principles must inspire all attempts to develop it but the attempts will produce different results For each country will have to develop the corporative order in fideity to these living principles indeed, but in accordance also with (l) the living traditions of the respective country and (2) with the particular genius or temperament of its people "Social Action."

What's Wrong With Satire?

By PAUL J PHELAN

Satire is a literary persona non grata to some people They believe that as the pun is the lowest form of English Wit' so satire is the lowest form of "English Lit"

The main objection against satire is that its use destroys its purpose In other words it is said that sarcasm, irony and ridicule antagonise the very people whom they are meant to persuade Let us examine this statement. Against whom is satire directed? It is plainly directed not at people at all, but rather at foolishness and vice

This distinction is not a quibble, any more tban the distinction between the sin and the sinner

The true satirist never descends to the level of mere personal invective He is interested not in persons but in principles

Practically speaking, however, satire must be directed at someone who possesses a quality If the quality itself is the only thing ridiculed, men may easily pass it off In its abstract form evil or folly is easy to forget, and easy to forgive The medieval dramatistshowed evil as a person in order to get his message over to his audience with vitality The

satirist shows a person as evil in order to get his message over

This leads us to another question Whom does the satirist antagonise?

The satirist presupposes that the vice or error he is attacking is the obsession, to a dangerous degree, of only a small part of the commonwealth Those who are antagonised by the satirist are individuals or small groups in the state obsessed with silly, vain, or perverted ideas

And here we come to the next question, whom does the satirist wish to persuade? Not primarily, the small, erring group, for usually they are inveterate and extreme supporters of evil The satirist aims to persuade the vast majority of other people to shun these extremities "America

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DELIVERY

How an Irishman's Prophecy Came True NELSON AND

and domain of Bronte in Sicily, worth £3,000 a year, was bestowed by King Ferdinand on the gallant Adnral, who was out of his mind with joy

But a stern censure from the British Admiralty for his having disobeyed Lord Keith's order' brought him to his senses, notwithstanding which, however, he did not alter his resolve to deliver Rome Rome, it was argued, must be recovered and the Pope restored to secure the tranquility and stability of Naples

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FITZGERALD STREETS

WEST PERTH FREE Corner

The realisation that our fate is inextricablyweddedto that of the British Fleet, has brought the name of Nelson back into the news, and caused many to read up something concerning the British naval victories of St Vincent, the Nile, Copenhagen and Trafalgar It may be asked how many of them have read and learned of Nelson's successful intervention on the side of the Pope and the Catholic Church in 1799 The story is not a long one Thomas Jones has briefly summarised it in a recent article in the "Irish Catholic": TT was towards the end of 1798 )[ that Pius the Sixth had been driven from Rome; his Government had been overturned and supplanted by a Roman Republic sponsored by the French Directory The Government and King of Naples had shared the same fate and the royal family and

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The French attack on Minorca not having eventuated, he begged their court were glad to be able to of the British naval command escape to Sicily At this junc- there to lend him 1,200 men that ture Nelson had succeeded in iso- "Rome might throw open her lating Napoleon in Egypt by de- gates and the Pope owe his restroying the French fleet in Abou- storation to a heretic" His apkir Bay; and he had only arrived peal was refused, and he was adback with his fleet in Italian vised that the venture was imwaters when the Government of prudent Still undaunted, he Naples and Rome were tumbling detached sufficient men from his down own fleet, and knowing that Na-

The Neapolitan King was much poleon's isolation had dispirited nfluenced by his Queen, a sister the French, his two heroic officers of Marie Antoinette, and Sir Wil- now threatened Civita Vecchia liam Hamilton was the British "Mine by Reconquest" ambassador at this Court where The French Ambassador, while his wife, Lady Hamilton, was the proposing terms, bragged that companion and confidential ad- "Rome was theirs by right of viser of the Queen Under their conquest" "It is mine by reinfluence Nelson resolved to drive conquest,"' replied the British out the rule of the French Direct- commodore, which settled the ory from Naples and Rome, and matter; and as Captain Louis restore the King and the Pope to rowed up the Tiber in his barge a their capitals capitulation in which all the On Nelson's arrival in Naples Papal States were included was after the destruction of the concluded and the French agreed French fleet at the Nile, indescrib- to withdraw from Rome Captain able scenes welcomed him; and Louis soon hoisted his colours on with music, song and dance, and the Capitol and temporarily took odes of congratulation his great over the office of Roman Govervictory was celebrated. nor Austrian troops must share Irish Franciscan's Prophecy some of the credit of this sucFather McCormack, an Irish cess Franciscan at the Royal Court, The prophecy of the Irish Franmet Nelson with panegyric and ciscan was fulfilled "The friar prophecy and predicted that with says Southey, "received the his ships he would yet deliver fruits; for Nelson, who was Rome from the Revolutionaries struck with the oddity of the cirThough the gallant admiral re- cumstance and not a little proud minded the good priest that the of it, obtained preference for him Tiber was not navigable for his from the King at Sicily, and reships all the way up to Rome, commended him to the Pope'' yet "the father," says Southey, "The English nation,'' says M met the objection boldly, and de- F, Cusack, "little suspected the clared that he saw notwithstand- service they were doing for reliing that it would come to pass''gion when they drove the French Nelson had about this time re- out of Rome; for now the Cardiceived orders from Lord Keith to nals were able to meet at Venice bring his fleet to Minorca, where and elect a new Pontiff" For an attack by the French was daily alas! Pius the Sixth had been preexpected This sorely worried cipitated into the grave by the him, for he had to decide between ill-treatment he had received his own resolution and the orders whilst with the French, whose of his superior He determined prisoner he was when he died in (as was usual with him) to have exile on August 19, 1799 Pius his own way and stuck to his re- the Seventh was elected on Desolution to aid Naples and cember l and repaired to Rome, Rome the gates of which had been openHe had two great captains, ed to him, and entered amidst enTroubridge and Louis, outstand- thusiastic rejoicing on July 3, ing for skill and undaunted cour- 1800 age These with more than That Austria assisted in bring-

l[&0 picked men trom the tleet jng about this happy Issue mt1St co-operated on the water under be acknowledged; but let us be the great Admiral himself, with just also to Nelson, whose sucCardinal Ruffo's troops on the cessful intervention in the crisis land; and soon St Elmo, Capua is deserving of the appreciation and Gaeta fell, and "the whole and gratitude of all Catholics kingdom of Naples was thus de- (As the reader well knows, the livered by Nelson from the troubles of Pius the Seventh's French with his characteristic reign were yet to begin) zeal and ability" A recent newspaper paragraph Nelson Made Duke of Bronte says: "The present Lord Nelson The Court went wild with de- great-grand-nephew of the famlight; its jubilation knew no ous Admiral, is now 82 years old; bounds; the glory of Nelson and he resides in a Wiltshire mansion the British fleet were extrava- named Trafalgar and is a devout gantlv toasted and the dukedom Catholic" 2 -

KALGOORLIE

Profession Ceremony at Carmelite Monastery

On the Feast oi the Sacred Heart, May 31, there took place at the Carmelite Monastery, Nedlands, the impressive Ceremony of Profession and Tak° ing of the Veil His Grace the Archbishop assisted by Rev Father Moss Rev Father T Perrott, SJ and Rev, F O'Reilly, celebrated the Mass and gave the veil, which during the Mass had been resting on the altar on a golden tray The Monastery Choir supplied the sacred music and were highly commended

The occasional sermon was preached by Rev, Father T Perrott, S J

"If thou wilt be perfect, go sell what thou hast and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven; and come follow Me " (Matt 19)

"We are to be present,'' said Father Perrott, "at a ceremony of extraordinary beauty and one full of deep significance, we might even say, heroism A chosen soul is to espouse herself to God she is to consecrate herself to her Maker to work to the utmost to produce in her soul a living likeness of her Redeemer She has already this mornng imposed on herself a life-long obliation by taking vows of poverty, chasiity and obedience Her life will be spent completely cut off from the world in striving to make herself more and more like to her Saviour. She will try to make herself more and more perfect every day by imitating the virtues which He taught and practised

For as long as God leaves her in this world she will lead a life of detachment, a life of :lf-sacrifice and selfdenial She ha answered the higher call she has I't all things, and followed esus."

The life of a religious, but particularly that of a Carmelite, is to many of us shrouded in mystery something we find it very hard to understand, and a life which i by many criticised and condemned There were some who

BISHOP WARNS IRELAND-

speak of the life as unnatural and hard It would be such to those who are not called to that kind of life, but to those who are chosen by God it is a life of great happiness full of peace and tranquility of conscience a life of quiet uninterrupted prayer, and by no means one of excessive austerity It is a well known fact that such enclosed religious are and always have been, noted for their obvious happiness good humour and real contentment

"There is then the other school of thought,'' continued the preacher, "which says that the life of such religious is easy If it is very easy and comfortable, how can we explain the fact that so few are willing to adopt it Those who speak of this glorious vocation as easy are those who though they love ease, would never dream of adopting the religious life The contemplative religious does not spend all her time quietly praying in the chapel Her day is full of work and such con° vents are hives of industry, where every hourof the day is occupied either in work or prayer; and the very last people to accuse such religious of laziness are those who know them"

But even if it is not too hard nor yet too soft a life, surely it is a life wasted?

Those who would say this had no idea of the meaning of the religious life and but very little idea of the object of life here on this earth We were not made by God in order to acquire wealth or great names or ourselves We were not placed in this world to become leaders of sport or fashion; we were created for but one purpose, and that was to serve and to praise God Is t then a wasted life to devote oneself to doing that for which God made us?

Is it a life wasted to give back to God everything which He has given us? ls it a waste of time to try to teach the world why we are here on this earth?

Surely it is not waste of time to try to lead absolutely sinless lives, to give

'Prepare To Defend Your Altars and Your Homes!''

Warning Ireland that she is "faced with terrible danger," Bishop Browne, of Galway, exclaimed in an address at Gort on Tuesday, May 28: "Unite, priests and people, and prepare to defend your altars and your homes!"

Any Irishman who assists an foreign power to attack the legitimate authority of his own land," declared His Lordship, "is guilty of the most terrible crime against God's law and there can be no excuse for that crime, not even the pretext of solving Partition or of securing unity "

The evidence of the last few months has shown us," the Bishop said, "that we are faced with terrible danger

"We thought that the fact that we were neutral and had proclaimed our neutrality and had suffered to maintain it would save us, but what has happened has shown us that neutralitv will not save us if it suits the advantage of one of the belligerent powers to Invade us

"Watch for Traitors''

"What can you do against airplanes and tanks? Do whatever you are asked by legitimate authority An army and police torce are 10 times more powerful if they have the full co-operation of the people in every village and township in Ireland

"You must watch out for spies and traitors

"You must keep order and prevent sabotage in case of attack There are countless things that brave and loyal men can do

more time to thinking of God than man to place God before all things to try to get others to serve Him more faithfully and to lead holier and better lives

"Many say that enclosed Religious could be more profitably employed But that is a heresy which is spreading in this modern world of activity and rush in an age where man glories in his own success and achievements We have got thousands of religious men and women working among our poor and sick, educating our children and attending to the orphans, but the success which crowns all human endeavour comes from God is a grace for which we must pray We must, if we are going to succeed, have those who have got more time to pray, that they may day and night storm heaven for the success of those whose time for the most part is given to external work

The contemplative religious turns to God and pleads for the gift of faith for those who are in error, for strength for those in temptation and danger for success for those who are labouring to spread the Gospel, and in that way the contemplative religious can be of inestimable value in a diocese by leading a life wholly unselfish, a life given to praying for others in their difficulties and labours"

Even a certain type of Catholic may look on the adoption of this kind of life as a somewhat cowardly act running away from troubles and temptations instead of facing them and conquering them It is not courage to refuse to fly, it may be the height of mprudence Who are they that call such religious cowards these nuns who have courageously left home, parents, and friends, deprived themselves of every-

No Catholic man who believes in God and in His law should be a coward and a traitor You are Catholic men and you should be brave

"The defence of your women and children from what has happened to the women and children of other lands now falls upon you

"There is a second duty for all good Catholic men for all men who believe in God and His laws, and that is to be loyal

"Murder"

"Loyalty means that you recognise as having authority over you only one Government, one legitimate lawful Government

"You may have whatever opinions and beliefs you like about this war, and about belligerents, but action is a different thing, and for any Irishman to assist a foreign Power to invade this country and to attack the legitimate authority is a most terrible crime against God and his fellowmen

'To invade a peaceful country like Ireland is not lawful war but murder, and those who assist in it in any way are guilty of the crime of murder before God

"No individual in Ireland or outside here, no matter who he is and where he is, has a right to conspire with another Government to invade this country and wage war upon the people of this country even for the sake of solving Partition

"The danger is very great and it threatens our lives, our liberties and our livelihood."

thing which this world holds dear, to devote themselves to crushing anything which would keep them from the close imitation of Christ. Surely this was an act of great courage

'Our ideal is not the ideal the religious holds before herself If we live in conformity with the commandments of God, attend in all conscience to our duties and if in spite of difculties and temptations continue to serve and praise God, we certainly will be saved, Religious carry a very heavy responsibility; theirs is a higher call They will have to answer to God for the numerous helps and graces which they have received They have got daily Mass and morning after morning they partake of the sacred Body and Blood of Christ They are sheltered and protected from dangerous temptations and live continually in the presence of Christ in the tabernacle Obviously more will be expected of them on this account Do not despair but be full of hope Try to be perfect in your own sphere of life, strive to serve God faithfully, and you will be loved by God and eternally rewarded."

The presence of enclosed religious should be to us a comfort and an inspiration, concluded Father Perrott A comfort owing to the knowledge that we have got in our midst those who most of their time are praying for us An inspiration because they keep us in mind of the true meaning of life hold before us a high ideal of perfection, and urge us to aim at greater sanctity of life, more exact performance of our religious duties and renewed energy in the saving of our immortal souls

Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament followed, and the day was spent in prayerful thanksgiving,

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Thursday, June 20, 1940

Official Organ of the Archdiocese of Perth Established 1874

450 HAY STREET PERTH

PERTH, THURSDAY, JUNE 20, 1940

The Fate of France

As we write, the fate of France hangs in the balance She has shown a most valorous and dogged resistance to the invader The exhaustion of her man power, lack of equipment, and the greater all round strength of her enemy has forced her to seek terms of peace It might be noted in passing that the extremity of France has not called forth criticism and condemnation from her ally as did the similar conduct of Belgium in similar circumstances from the French leader However, as the British Prime Minister has stated, nothing can be more futile at the moment than recriminations of any kind from any quarter The capitulation to which France will probably be compelled is a matter of a special grief to Catholics the world over, for France until very recent times has been the eldest daughter of the Church Towards this nation God has exhibited a very special providence and protection But in modern times France has grown less and ess worthy of her unique place in the Church of God For a long time she has been in the toils of unstable anti-clerical Masonic governments; the morality of the people as a whole has alarmingly declined to such an extent that even before the outbreak of war France was a doomed nation it

These elements of internal disintegration which have threatened all the democracies and which commence as personal vices blossoming to national scourges, were more actively encouraged in France than elsewhere Birth-control had aid a sure finger of doom on the national destiny of France The Faith of the peasant, long traditional in European Catholicism, had been weakened, and the Catholic Renaissance was appearing rather among the intellectual and professional classes, and the proletariat The political aspect of the nation has been a history of progressive degeneration to such an extent that Europe saw the ghastly day when Catholic France actively conspired with atheist Moscow to overthrow the Faith and the true nationalism of Catholic Spain Truly the day of reform was long overdue in France, and it may be in God's providence that a new purged Catholic life will emerge from the humiliation of defeat That the heart of France was not wholly corrupt was indicated recently by the introduction of the family code, at which a beginning was made to stem the sapping of the national life This decay was so far advanced that it began to be manifested in the falling off of vocations to the priesthood, and the native clergy had to be reinforced with missionaries from Eire

Although France faces the most overwhelming defeat of her history we feel with her leaders that the soul of France will not perish and that, despite France's betrayal of God, He who raised up Joan of Arc, will not suffer this great people to go down into the pit France will find resurrection through penance and Faith We do not as yet know the terms of peace, but the indications are that it will suit the enemy to treat France generously The very future of Europe may depend upon such a gesture, because it would tend to lay forever the terrible enmity that is traditional between the Frenchman and the German We have all feared that vengeance would inspire the peace terms with France, but it is more likely now that expediency will best serve the further plans of the Germans If this is so it will be again a mark of God's providence, because the condition of France to-day lays her open to complete extermination If she is treated leniently there will be hope of resurrection, but it will rest in the future, as it has always done in the past solely upon the vigour of the Catholic Faith in the personal and national lives of the French

Address all communications to the Editor, Box A35, G P O Perth ARCHBISHOP'S

TELEPHONE: B914I • July 16: Preside at Solemn High Mass at Carmelite Monastery, NedlandsJuly 21: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St Joachim's, Victoria Park

Father Sylvester O'Brien, OF M., who was well known as Commissary-Provincial n Australia, has arrived in Dublin with seven other Irish Franciscans, four priests and three Brothers, after a narrow and nerve-racking escape from Louvain under fire from German guns

Father Sylvester left Australia in 1936 for Louvain, where he was Guardian of St Anthony's College, affiliated with the famous universitv When the German forces attacked the city, he says, it was subjected to heavy and continuous bombing, and on the last day that Mass was celebrated in the college the noise of explosions was so deafening that the priest's voice could not be heard by the congregation Father Didacus Connery consumed all the Sacred Hosts in the chapel, and then the eight Franciscans joined the huge throng of refugees which poured along the road to Brussels

Eventually they reached Ostend, amidst scenes of indescrib-

CHANGE OF DATE

The annual Catholic Ball, which was to have taken place on Wednesday, June 26, will now be held on TUESDAY, JUNE 25. The proceeds of the ball will be devoted to patriotic purposes, and no effort is being spared to ensure the success of the function His Grace the Archbishop will receive the debutantes

able confusion About 14,000 of us squeezed aboard a small steamer," said Father Sylvester The decks were crowded with refugees-men, women and children-when suddenly a German bomber appeared overhead It switched off its engines, dived steeply, and began to bomb and machine-gun the harbour Fortunately, none of the passengers was injured-their escape seemed almost miraculous.'

The community had received no instructions when to leave Louvain, nor where to go when they did leave it They fled literally at a moment's notice, leaving the college and grounds in the care of a Belgian servant, and would not have known where to turn but for a chance meeting with a Canadian doctor, who told them that a special train was leaving Brussels for Ostend

Mr John Dulantv, Irish High Commissioner, received them in London, and helped them to get permits to travel to Dublin They are glad to be home again, but will not readily forget their terrifying experiences in war-torn Belgium Father Sylvester is a native of Milltown, County Kerry

;i#5:Eh,ma.e.

vent, Leederville, in honour of the Canonisation of Foundress. July 31: Pontifical High Mass and sermon, 9.30 a,m. j Solemn Benediction 5p.m ] tr"om Sermon and Solemn Benediction, 5 pm j 1:;r om»

Donations made to Catholic institutions by the Lotteries Commission since March 5 include the following: Clontarf Boys' Home, £2 328 5s; Home of the Good Shepherd, £528; St Vincent's Foundling Home, £275 12s; St Joseph's Orphanage, £252 17s; Tardun Farm School, £200; Castledare, £123 10s

*

In a letter addressed to Rev Father Langmead, Senior Chaplain, CWO Hut, Northam, a representative of the Leaving and Junior classes at St Joseph's College, Fremantle, states that students are forwarding each week a copy of a well-known Catholic paper for the soldiers As a further effort of Catholic Action a packet of leaflets for distribution among the men was added The letter concluded with a promise of dailv remembrance in their prayers both for Father Langmead and the soldiers # k #k

Interesting data has been supplied concerning the number of soldiers (of all ranks) who have attended Mass at the Northam Hut since the opening on May 5 The figures are: Sunday, May 12 62 men; May 19, 23; May 26, 68; June 2, 6; June 9, 51: June 16 i33 · ·

PARISH CHURCH RAZED SECOND TIME

Washington one-minute wind-storm at midnight has completely destroyed St Helena's Dominican Church, Amite, Louisiana, USA Only the back wall remains standing On the following day, a Sunday, local Catholics had to attend Mass in a local cinema

The same thing happened to the parish church 32 years ago. Then, the rector, Father Felix Rumpf, was killed by falling timbers

This is the second Catholic church in Louisiana to be destroyed by a storm within 10 days The other was St Joseph's Pierre Parte

July 31 Celebrate Pontifical High l Mass at the Convent of the Good Shepherd, Leederville

Afternoon: Sermon and Pontifcal Benediction. �lltH!UtMlltlt tUHNt tHt Htt'IIHtltltllfftftllHONH,t,h\

ST MARY'S CATHEDRAL. Sunday, June 23

Masses will be celebrated at 7, 8, 9, 10, with Missa Cantata at 11 am , at which St Mary's Cathedral Choir, under the direction of Rev Father Lynch, will render the Missa Orbis Factor of Victoria The Motet at the Offertorv will be the "Ave Maria," also by Victoria

OUARANT ORE JUNE

Sunday 4th Collie One Day of Exposition 5th Osborne Park: Forty Hours Prayer (28th -30th) JULY.

Sunday 1st St, Patrick's Havelock-street and Lesmurdie: One Day ot Exposition 2nd St Brigid's, West Perth Forty Hours' Prayer (2th14th) 3rd Toodyay and Learod-street: One Day of Exp ition 4th Busselton: One Day of Exposition

lune 25: Receive Debutantes at the Annual Catholic Ball

Jul 7: Canonical Visitation of Kala a an! I amurdie

THE CONSOLATION of PHILOSOPHY

And Boethius

Present The

Analogy of Two Periods

There are periods in history that brings inconsolable sadness to the heart of the intelligent," said the Rev Father Fahey, speaking to members of the Newman Society recently; "periods when a nation stands proudly in all the panoply of her material grandeur, when to the superficial she seems to be at the zenith of her greatness, yet the soul of that nation, her interior structure may be in the throes of dissolution and decay and the inevitable end is perceptible only to the far-seeing eye of the philosophic student of historv."

Many such periods could be named. continued Father Fahey Such was the state of Athen, Sparta and the other Grecian States during and after the Peloponnesian War, when internecine strife, economic nationalism, lack of political unity and a failing sense of the duties of citizenship had disrupted the ancient bond of Hellenic unity and made them an easy prey to the Macedonian barbarians from the North and the conquering legions of Rome from the West Such also was the state of the Roman Empire from Diocletian onward until the greatness that was Rome collapsed finally under the pressure of barbarian invasion and was lost in the chaos of the dark ages

An invariable feature of such periods was an inner cultural decay, manifesting itself in a shalfow materialism, artistic sterility, a disinclination for the things of the spirit an an inescapable metaphysical orientation towards extinction \ cultural period was a social organic structure and shared the fate and time cvcle of all organic structures When it had flowered and exhausted its inner creative potentialities it bore a painful resemblance to the physical old age of man when in spite of accumulated wisdom balanced judgment and intellectual clarity, physical sterility, the decrepitude and impotence of advancing years foreboded the inevitable end Such was or would soon be the stage of the cultural cvcle in which we were living He did not wish to suggest that disaster was upon our doorstep and might occur tomorrow Such cultural transformations moved slowly and imperceptibly through the generations of mankind He wished to show that there was no permanence in cultural cycles All around us we saw abundant evilence of the splendour and material greatness of our age Sci-

June:

Friday, 21:

Old Ionians' Annual Ball, Anzac House, 8 30 pm

Tuesday 25: Annual Catholic Ball, Government House Ballroom

July: Friday, 5: SHH.S , Highgate, Annual Entertainment His Majesty's Theatre

Friday, 19: Newman Ball, Karrakatta Club

(Mention in this column will be made only of those functions advertised elsewhere in this issue)

ence and invention had made possible a material fullness of life such as had never before been possible Yet the civilised nations that belonged to our Western culture were tortured and tantalised by problems, mostly economic, that seemed beyond the wit of man to solve There was certainly a prolific supply of plans and schemes and panaceas to cure our social ills, but such plans were a tribute to the hearts rather than to the ntelligence of their authors He would admit also that there must be sufficient good will and common sense left amongst men to avert any impending social disaster if they could be organised for that purpose, but they had never been organised successfully at other such critical periods, and they would not be now It was not a question of ways and means only, but some mvsterious inevitabilitv of human destiny As no man could by taking thought add one cubit to his height or arrest the advance of old age, so, apparently, no human power could control the rise, flowering, decay and death of a cultural epoch

#

BOETHIUS

To such a period as he had mentioned he wished to take his listeners and introduce them to the character and personality of a man who, as a philosopher, saw the impending doom of his nation and did what he could, but in vain, to avert the tragic ending He was a scholar, a philosopher, a statesman, a poet, a writer of classical Latinity, a Christian, a philanthropist and a theologion He was an enthusiasticc lover of the ancient, though pagan, greatness of his own people and viewed with dismav the accelerating decay he say around him He was the last light to shine in the darkness that was closing around him and he left his life, his character, and his writings as an inspiration to a subsequent age

This man was Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius He belonged to the most decadent and saddest half century in Roman history Two hundred thousand barbarians under their king, Theodoric, had come down from the plains of Pannonia and settled in the heart of Italy For 30 years Theodoric, King of the Ostrigoths, addicted like his people to the Arian heresv, ruled Italy with an iron hand His firm administration had restored a large measure of security and productivity But to Roman pride he was still a barbarian Towards the end of his career his mind was soured with indignation at the hatred of the people whose happiness he had assiduously laboured to promote It was during his reign that Boethius made his appearance on the stage of history In the middle of the previous century his family had embraced Christianity and had supplied to the service of the Empire a long list of high officials of integrity and honour He devoted himself from his earliest vouth to the acquisition of knowledge, and when he had sated his ardent curiosity with all that was available of

DayLatin erudition he spent l5 years in Athens imbibing in its schools the strong and subtle sense of Aristotle and the devout contemplation and sublime fancy oi Plato So equipped he returned to find the Empire extinct, its ancient glory vanished, the senate a mere shadow of its former power and the whole country ruled by the rude and untutored Ostrigoths of Theodoric

The depth and range of Boethius's learning was considered miraculous in his own day and is equally surprising to us He wa s a prolific writer, and produced works on logic, geometry, music, arithmetic He also wrote a book on the Holy Trinity, a condemnation of various heresies and a large volume, "De Fide Catholici" These works exercised a great influence on the development of medieval terminology, method and doctrine His last and greatest work, which has immortalised his name was his De Consolatione Philosophiae, which was intended to be the principal subject of the speaker's remarks

\ glance at the collection of Boethius' works in the public library gave convincing proof of the wide range and profundity oi his erudition an erudition acquired at a time and under difficulties which seemed to us to make the task a superhuman one Enjoying the privileges of wealth, social standing, senatorial rank and intellectual friendships, ne could have ended his days happily in the pursuit of knowledge, but he had heard the voice of Plato calling and reluctantly he obeyed the injunction that it was the dutv of everv citizen to rescue the state from the usurpation of vice and ignorance

Theodoric realised and admired his worth He loaded him with honours and invested him with the consulate, which still enjoyed some grandeur in Roman eyes He placed his extraordinary talent. a the ervice of the Church and tle people and used them unsparingly and regardless of the consequences in the cause of justice and truth Finally his courage in the defence of justice brought him up against the angry barbarian ruler who had heaped honours upon him He was arrested and thrown into prison, while the obseqious and venal senate at the command of the tyrant, pronounced the sentence of condemnation and confiscation against the most illustrious of 1ts members After manv months of painful suspense (during which he wrote the "Consolatio"), the ministers of death executed the inhuman orders of Theodoric: a strong cord was fastened round the head of Boethius and tightened until his eves almost started from their sockets This dreadful torture was mercifullv ended by his being beaten with clubs until he expired His genius survived to diffuse a ray of knowledge over the darkest age of the Latin world

* PHILSOPHY

While his other works were of inestimable value itwas his "Consolation of Philosophy" which had been the delight of all thoughtful minds for 14 centuries and had been translated into as many languages as there are

races in Europe, said Father Fahev While loaded with fetters in his prison awaiting the visit of the executioner he had composed that golden volume. It was translated into Anglo Saxon by King Alfred and by Chaucer into early English It had played an important part in the mental struggles of Dante and in the middle ages was a favourite study of statesmen poets and historians as well as philosophers and theologians It had brought joy and consolation to multitudes of souls that had been overwhelmed by the immediate tragedies of human destiny-a joy and a consolation that could be found with limitations in philosophy and in their fulness only in revelation

The theme of the book was the transitoriness and unreality of all earthly greatness and the superior desirability and permanence of the things of the mind In his prison cell Boethius was lamenting the sorrows that brought to him to a premature old age at the age of 44, when Philosophy, in the shape of a majestic woman appeared to him, and they indulged n an idealistic dialogue in prose and verse Philosophy revived his courage The whole book was a delightful dialogue in which Philosophy revealed to him the fundamental truths in which his ulcerated soul could find healing She expounded to him the caprices of fortune and the inexplicable manner in which she lavished her favours: how riches, honour, power and pleasure had no other value than that which unstable human opinion attached to them Not onlv were they unable of themselves to provide happiness but they could not even be considered as means leading thereto God alone was the supreme good, the ultimate fount of happiness In Him alone were integrated the scattered elements of happiness on which man blindly lay a greedy hand, not knowing that their only real value lay in being brought together in a divine synthesis Philosophy added wings to his soul so that he might soar to higher regions and understand thenature of good and evil and their unintelligible intermiagling in human life Ii happiness and misfortune seemed to be distributed without dis cernment it was because we were ignorant of the design by wh·

ACT, 1937-1939 (STATE INCOME TAI (FATES FOR D[DUCON ACI, 193 (11t).

I

FOURTEEN

God apportioned to each of us the trials from which we drew our purification

He explored, in company with Philosophy, the metaphysical labyrinth of chance and destiny, of God's foreknowledge-human free will and of time and eternity, the attempt to reconcile philosophically the perfect attributes of God with the apparent disorders of the moral and physical world

The "Consolatio" had no conclusion except the conclusion of the executioner It was written in haste and under the duress of tense feelings but enough was written to show the calm and dig nified intrepidity with which this man faced his doom, and rose above the dejection of his own misery to find comrort in philo sophic considerations With no hooks to assist him he drew on the rich treasure house of his well - stocked memory He gathered together all the noble lessons of the wisdom of an tiquity We heard echoes of Neoplatonism, of the Stoicism of Aristotle, Plato, Seneca, Cicero and Virgil and they mingled in the "Consolatio" with no unpleasing incongruity, because Boethius had the rare gift of 'lending them skilfully into a harmonious whole

CATHOLIC ACTION

They might ask why he exhumed from the past a man who today could not vie with ppularity with a tenth rate Hollywood artist He had two reasons for doing so Catholic Action was an impressive force in the world today Eminent Churchmen from His Holiness downward were insisting on the necessity of this apostolate The Catholic laity should place their talents, their learning, their influence and their example at the service of the Church and they should be expended generously n the service of justice and truth

The Church alone held the key to human progress and to all the world's problems She had the panacea for human ills and it was the duty of the Catholic laity to inform the semi-pagan world in which we live of the nobility of her ideals and the grandeur of her moral standards, to dispel the materialistic darkness which surrounded us by making known the greatness of her revealed message Catholic Action was not known by that name in the days of Boethius, yet he showed himself one of the greatest and earliest exponents by placing at the service of the Church and of his country the great gifts which nature and intense study had formed in him That was his first reason.

His second reason was that he would like to impress upon them the comfort that man drew in turbulent times from the study of philosophy Though 1,400 years separated us there was an extraordinary similarity between his age and ours We too felt ourselves oppressed by insoluble problems Christian society was in some strange way slipping from her age-old moorings and showing evidence of disintegration e Christian nations of Europe were not only suddenly divided but engaged in mutual slaughter and the wrecking of her glorious heritagethe institutions and achievements of her cultured past

As in the past the way was being prepared for a new invasion of Asiatic barbarism If the present fratricidal strife continued he day might surely come when migrating oriental hordes would trample in the dust the last vestiges of the glory of Christian

Europe This might seem a pessimistic outlook and he hoped that he was mistaken in fearing that the finger of destiny and the lessons of history were pointing in that direction Surely this ancient Europe, whose soul is the product of faith and Christian genius, would not go down to extinction n a ruthless orgy of destruction bloodshed and tyranny

He had seen one war-small and undestructive compared to this oneand he was in a better position that younger people to appreciate the incredible sufferings and tortures and savagery that millions of innocent people were groaning under in Europe to-dav If he were a visitor from another world and requested to express an unbiassed opinion on the present outlook, he would unhesitatingly say that neither from Moscow, nor Berlin, nor the Quirinal was there any gleam of hope whatsoever He would say that a military victory of the Western powers-call them democracies if thev wished-was the only hope of preserving the European tradition This, of course, was a consummation we all devotedly hoped for and prayed for

Our days then were turbulent days as they were in the time of Bocthius Thinking men were perturbed and at a loss to know where to turn for comfort Hence he was impelled to say, as a conclusion to his remarks: Where else, apart from our faith, could we find that dignified calm and intrepedity of spirit to face the present issue than where Boethius found it-in the study of philosophy?

The Society of St Vincent de Paul is urgently in need of left-off clothing to supply the wants of the distressed. Parcels may be left at the Western Stove Co corner Wellington and Queen-streets, or ring B6307 and they will be collected

BURMA MISSIONARIES

MODERNISE LEPER COLONY

Aiter having been completely remodelled, the leper settlement at Loilem, Burma, was re-opened last March with an offcial function attended by the High Commisioner for the Shan States and by ten Saboa or princelings accompanied by many other personalities

Directed bv Sisters of Charity of Blessed Capitanio, the Loilem leper colony was established for the benefit of the stricken throughout the Shan States A start was made three years ago with bamboo huts These have now been replaced by a dozen small buildings of masonry, a drinking-water plant has been installed, and a residence has been erected for the Sisters

Lodged two and two the inmates are provided with a small plot of ground to cultivate and with other light work to surt their fancy Now the institution wears the aspect of a happy colony of peasants rather than that of a hospital The small buildings cost about 350 dollars each Some have already been paid for by benefactors of the work

The High Commissioner expressed his gratification at the rapid development of the undertaking along such progressive lines despite the difficulties of the times He has promised his moral and material support so that present accommodations, sufficient for the care of 115 inmates may be expanded to provide for all of the 1,200 lepers scattered throughout the Shan States Several of the Saboa engaged themselves to provide the ends for the erection of three additional buildings

Catholic Press Opportunity

Catholics have a distinct advantage when endeavouring to find a remedy for the evils of the contemporary situation in that they can bring to bear upon the changing aspect of affairs a settle nd comprehensive philosop!y The advantage possessed bv the Catholic historian and sociologist over those who deal with their subjects from an agnostic standpoint is here extended to the journalistic sphere

It is not the least of the defects of the publicists to whom the majority pay heed that they are so largely governed by expediency and are without any consistent views based on unalterable principles One never knows where to flnd them, or, if they are identified with certain policies, these are of personal and individual origin In so far as the secular press exhibits consistency, that consistency is determined by what are deemed national or commercial interests rather than by reason or ethics

The Catholic journalist, on the contrary, approaches his task equipped with a faith and a philosophy which, when applied to the concrete problems of the day, give him an authority and an intellectual standing that should win at least respect His criticism of cultural fashions and social thearies, it may be discovered, s due to something deeper and bet-

I tcr founded �han perosnal impr�ssions, predilections and pre-

judices He stands for a Christian civilisation and this (despite all the differences which exist among Christians themselves) has a definite meaning

As the independence of the secular press is surrendered more and more to commercial interests, this superiority becomes clearer and appeals with stronger force to that considerable public which, while not identified with the Church, strongly resents the attack on traditional Christian standards of morality, culture and social usage

The intellectual strength of the Church is being demonstrated in journalism as never before It is significant that, while the outstanding converts of the last century were ossaciated with the Universities, to-dav it is in Fleet Street that we find them The gap between the academic and the popular world is being filled up There has never been a lack of learning in the Church. but it has not always been applied to those concrete problems of every day in which the average citizen is interested, nor has it found expression in language which he could understand

But times are changing in that respect and the result is beneficial to Catholic journalism A medium is being developed which enables the intellectual and those who are internationallv-minded to speak to the rank and file of the faithful

Thursday, June 20, 1940

With Nuptial Mass

SCOTT-HAWKINS WEDDING

The Queen of Martyrs Church, May lands, was the scene of a picturesque wedding on May 20, when Mollie, only daughter of Mr and Mrs J Hawkins, of Ninth LAvenue Maylands was joined in holy matrimony at Nuptial Mass to Bernard, son of Mr and Mrs, Scott. of West Leederville The Rev Father Dunne performed the impressive cere mony The main altar was gracefully adorned by the Sisters with white and gold chrysanthemums, and Our Lady's altar with pink and gold roses The ihoir rendered Webb's Mass Mrs. T O'Connor presided at the organ The bride entered the church on the arm of her father, wearing a beautifnl desngned gown of white brilal satin, which was moulded to the figure and fashioned into a long train studded with tiny sprigs of orange blossom Her silk tulle veil was held in place with a coronet of orange blossom She carried a she afof arum lilies and wore her blue Child of Mary cloak which wa removed after the marriage ceremony by the president of the Sodality (Miss K, Malone) and placed on Our Lady's altar The bride was attended by her cousin (Miss Clare Sheedy), who wore a very attractive gown of shell pink embossed georgette, with pink veil held with a top-knot of pink roses She carried a sheaf of pink tinted rosebuds Mr Kevin Scott (brother of groom) acted s best man. After the ceremony a reception was held at Keough's Hall where Mrs Hawkins, assited by Mrs Scott, recei ed 50 guests Mrs Hawkins was smart ly gowned in chartreuse with smart hat of claret shade nd carried a posy of deep red roses Mrs Scott chose grey en: mble with hat to tone Mr J P Shedy (uncle of the gride) acted as chairman The usual toast were honoured and congratulatory tele gram: read. Mrs, Troy ws pianist and she al rendered sveral voca items

The happy young couple spent their honeymoon at Kalgoorlie. The bride travelled in a grey jumper costume with touches of cherry red, and grey hoe: and hat to correspond Many valuable gifts were received, in eluding sveral chequ

£500,000 NEW YORK HIGH SCHOOL READY IN 1941 New York

A new archdiocesan Catholic high school for boys to be erected m New York will cost £500,000 It will accommodate 3,000 students This five-storey, fireproof brick structure will occupy, with playgrounds, a 90,000square-feet site Archbishop Spellman announces it as the largest educational unit in a new £2,500,000 charitable and educational building programme

Racing Selections

By "The Hawk

CANNING PARK

Saturday June 22 1940

Hurdle Race: Amusing, 1; Fyrn, 2; Mollify, 3. Maddington Handicap: The Laird, 1; Sharalist, 2; Inchaking, 3, Canning Purse (First Division): Apt, 1; Mount Etna, 2; Red Crest, 3 Canning Purse (Second Division): Winlite, 1; Even Shades, 2; Harihara, 3 Hunters' Race: Black Dust, 1; Trem ney, 2; Avalonia, 3 Welter Handicap: Chesergin, 1; Mylopia, 2; Equavar, 3

Trotting Selections

GLOUCESTER PARK

Saturday, June 22, 1940

WA Breeders' Handicap: Black Yamma, 1; Percy's Lad, 2; Fay Winwood 3

Fremantle Handicap: Wilver Mint 1; Worthy Shasu 2; Thebes 3

Sportsmen's Handicap: Flying Daly, 1; Kitty Olwyn, 2; Pleasant Surprise, 3Perth Handicap: Mareche, 1; Prince Yamma, 2; Direct Lady, 3

Charity Handicap: Golconda, 1; Serene Derby, 2; Storm Cloud, 3 Patrons' Handicap: Doreen Minton, 1; Cas de Or, 2; Royal's Brother, 3. Benevolent Handicap: Austin's Globe, 1; Lord Sheik, 2; Rawhitiroa, 3

BUTLERWHITE WEDDING

On April 6, at St Mary's Cathedral, Perth, the marriage was solemnised between Constance Mary White, only daughter of Mr and Mrs E B White, of Goderich-street, Perth (formerly of Kalgoorlie) and Joseph Patrick Butler younger on of Mr and Mrs. J P But ler of Boulder Nuptial Mass was celebrated by Rev Father J J Rafferty and was served by Masters Kevin and Joseph Hodge nephews of the bridegroom,

The bride who was given away by her brother, Mr D G White, wore a slightly trained gown of ivory embroidered georgette over satin, designed with a high neck line and short puffed sleeves Her veil was of plain cut tulle worn with a chaplet of fresh flowers-tuberoses and frangipanito match her bouquet The "something blue" was ntroduced by a diamond and sapphire brooch, which had belonged to her maternal grandmother

Two matrons-of-honour, Mesdames D W Swan and J C Antoni, schoolmates of the bride, attended her, frocked alike in delphinium blue taffeta picture gowns with eyelet embroidery on the full skirts Brown caps with circular veils were worn with brown ccessories, and they carried trailing bouquets of shaded autumn leaves and berries Mr, D W Swan was best man and Mr, J Antoine was gr mmsman

After the ceremony Mr and Mrs White entertined guests at an informal morning tea at the Savoy Ho tel Mrs White, mother of the bride, wore a frock of French mulberry crepe romaine, with exactly matching hat and a shoulder pray of deep cream rose and w a sited by Mrs Butler, who cho: a gown of back angel skin lace over aatin, worn with black hat touched with white and a shoulder spray of crimson roses

The bride's travelling frock was of Paton pink sharkskin, with a cream wool coat, worn with matching pink felt sport: hat

Parents:

You want to do the best for YOUR

Daughters

Ordinary education is useless as a means of earning a living girl have to be trained.

But all training s not alike

A few months' study of Shorthand and Typing is quite inadequate

Employers have no time to teach juniors things they should learn at a business school To be of any use, the training has to be thorough and COMPLETEand to save time and monev it must be intensely practical Most city office appointments are not advertised, the vacancies being filled through the City Commercial Employment Bureau

You save yourself much worry and expense and your daughter much disappointment by enrolling her for C.CC training

Write, call or phone B2024 or B2063 for "Guide to Business Training." No obligation CITY COMMERCIAL

COLLEGE

"W.A.'s Business University," SHEFFIELD HOUSE, 713-21 HAY STREET, PERTH

Archbishop Downey says-

The Country Must Repent of Its Neglect of God

London

"We are fighting to make the world a place where we can be ireemen of Christ," said Archbishop Downey, in a recent sermon in the Liverpool Pro-Cathedral His Grace remarked that there is much to bless God for in Britain, but he went on to say that irreligion has been growing apace, and that "this country as a whole must repent of its neglect f God and go down on its knees'

In this dread conflict our hands are clean and our consciences are clear We unsheathed the sword to vindicate our plighted word, to oppose the devastating philosophy that might is right and to banish from civili-

Woodlock's Father

A thoughtful article appeared in the London "Month" for March, 1940, The Future of Christianitv in Great Britain," by the lateRev F Woodlock, S J Instances, all interesting to Australians, are cited by Father Woodlock

Two years ago, Professor C E M Joad, lecturer in philosophy at Birkbeck College, London, invited his students, young men and women, to answer on a slip of paper, without giving their names, two questi ms "Do vou believe in God?" and, "If you have no religion, do vou sometimes feel the need of one?" He reported that his classes were "100 per cent atheist" One pupil, a girl, admitted that she occasionally felt a need of religion, but only when she was "depressed"

More recently the same professor wrote that the vast majority' f young people make no contact with organised religion; so far as thev are concerned it might never have existed"

All Classes Indifferent

Further citations indicate that indifference to religion exists among all classes, high and low In the county of London, out of about 7,500,000 people, some 400,000, or about five per cent, have any attachment to any place of worship

Figures disclosed since conscription began show the fact, often noted in the United States, that, while only a small percentage of men have any affiliation with a religious organisation, a still smaller percentage of those who claim connection with a religious denomination have any real knowledge of religion In the World War, only about eight per cent of the English troops, and twenty per cent of the Scottish, admitted membership in some church It was said in a formal report, published in 1918: "The ignorance of the army in religious matters is colossal The message of Christianity has clearly never reached the majority ot the men at all" In 1940 this ignorance is still colossal Secular Education

These sad facts can easily be paralleled in Australia Australians, at least those who are Catholics know why religion has fallen to so low a state, but it will be well to allow this reason to be put in words by the Anglican Bishop of St Albans "It is a grim fact, as you, sir, remind us," the Bishop wrote to the editor of the "Times" on February 21, "that 'in a country professedly Christian,

sation persecution, cruelty and barbarism '' Britain, said His Grace, is dispassionately tolerant, ready to succour the victims of tyranny, helpful to the needy She has a care for the poor the weak the aged and still values the sanctity oi the home and the simple things which make life wholesome

At the same time we should not be blind to her defects

By many the Commandments have been set aside as embodying a code of out-lived utility, and a so-called new morality had been nstalled Meantime social injustices remain to be remedied, and pleasure and licence have been rampant

"These are serious and fundamental defects and it may be that God is allowing us to suffer the anxieties and horrors of war as a purifying and cleansing ordeal'

Warning

and a country which at the present moment is staking its all in defence of Christian principles, there is a svstem of national education which allows the citizens of the future to have a purelv heathen bringing up' These are strong words, but they are true, and need saying'

The occasion of the Bishop's letter was a leading article in the Times" for February 17, which drew attention to the distressing fact, noted when the city children were taken to the countrv at the beginning of the war, "that large numbers of town children are being brought up with no knowledge of religion at all''

Well may we in this country reflect upon the warning of the •Times" for it indicates the remedy we must apply in this country, and speedily "The highest of all knowledge must be given frankly the highest of all places in the training of young citizens It will be of little use to fight, as we are fighting to-day, for the preservation of Christian principles, if Christianity itself is to have no future, or at immense cost to safeguard religion against attack from without, if we allow it to e starved from within"

That states the case exactly If we bring up a majority of our children under an educational system which even a well-bred pagan would have scorned, then, humanly speaking, a country once Christian will soon cease to be

Christian A school system without God is the surest means of creating a nation without God

The Case of Bertrand Russell. Father Woodlock quotes the editor of an Anglican journal, who writes that Shaw, Wells, and Bertrand Russell "have in their lifetime done more to shape the mind of their generation than all Churchmen together" America too, has suffered from the same baneful influences Even more shocking than the appointment of Russell to a chair in an American municipal college is the support given Russell by the departments of philosophy in ninetytwo of the largest American colleges, and by associations representing probably a majority the faculty members in all Ameri can secular colleges and universities This support shows tha what we misname "higher education" is not unwilling to put young students under the direction of men whose moral standards are lower than those of the stews

The highest of all knowledge must be given frankly the highest of all places in the training of voung citizens" Catholic schools give it that place Australians who believe that Christianity and the civilisation, which falls as Christianity ebbs, are worth saving, must assign religion the same place in their schools as well Otherwise we face ruin.

PIANO TUNING

G E Dines, 16 Duncan Street, Victoria Park.

DESIGNER

BUILDER

PARADE, NEDLANDS

Studio

Vice Regal Photographers. NOTE NEW ADDRESS: TRINITY BUILDINGS, HAY STREET (Centre) (Take Lift from Trinity Arcade) FOR HIGH STANDARD PORTRAITURE NIGHT OR DAY WEDDINGS

SIXTEEN

NIGHT fell quickly over the war-shattered fields of France the big guns ceased booming, the bursts of machine-gun fire waned and the barrages died down The god of War was about to sleep and softly, the stars crept out to blink down on a noisv, devastated world grown suddenly quiet

Sergeant Andre Rouliers, in a trench on the French front lines, vas busy giving instructions He ha.d just received orders to make a raid on enemy trenches in order to bring back prisoners for idenutication of the German reliefs Many times he had volunteered fr such raids and the fact that Jeath stalked at his heels on each occasion gave to these hazardous expeditions a spice of danger to which he was completely indiffer«nt And always Death had passed him by For his outstanding valour he had been awarded the croix de guerre and the medaille militairedecorations of vwhich he was proud only because cf the joy he would see in his mother's eyes when she beheld them

As he gave his instructions to the twenty picked men who were to accompany nim, his voice was sharp anl authoritative and his eyes gleamed through the darkness The men standing around listened intently to his wordsit was as if his great courage and indifference to danger were in some mysterious way communicated to them-as if in those shining eyes of his they saw reflected the glory of France

They all respected and admired this sergeant who was a priest of God and a soldier of France It was to him they brought their secret joys and sorrows, and he consoled them or rejoiced with them as their needs demanded and when he laughed with them his laughter was merry and carefree But if ever their jokes turned to coarseness or their words to profanity his eyes would suddenly lash fire and his voice would ring out in stern reprimand. Thev had seen him in other moods too, as when sometimes they asked him questions about religion and he became gentle and understanding, explaining away their doubts as if they were children, while his face shone with a great Faith It was the same, too, when seated on a rough, wooden box in a waterlogged trench with a stole over his shoulders, he heard their confessions Many of them, shellshocked or half-crazed with suppressed fear, rose from their knees beside that wooden box with a new light in their eyes and courage in their hearts But it was only to a few trusted friends that Sergeant Rouliers confided his abhorrence of war and his great pity for men who must fight and sometimes die in agony-on the gory field of battle, far from their loved ones When he spoke of such things his face became unutterably sad and his eyes were dark with anguish

There was no trace of softness in his face now as he faced his 1 'a-he was once more the soldter of France, determined, commanding, with a challenge n the set of his head

And don't use vour bavonets unless it is absolutely necessary " he concluded in a whisper "Remember, we want prisoners-not ead men! Understand?'

The men nodded Yes thev understood what was required of them They would obey their sergeant always-to the end

SHORT STORY

Brave Soldier and True Priest

By K. BURKE

After the signal had been given, they clambered stealthily up the parapet of the trench and began their crawl across No Man's Land The moon was not yet up but now and then rockets flared up into the sky from the German lines, lighting up the ravaged, shell-torn earth which was strewn with lifeless bodies

Thursday, June 20, 1940.

Ten minutes later the moon rose slowly into the sky, flooding the Western Front with its silvery light Scanning that moonlit scene with keen eyes, German sentries noticed movement on No Man's Land Fearful of another raid they proceeded to take precautions and a moment later shells screamed across the battlefield During the bombardment they saw the blue-uniformed figure of a French soldier -probably hit by low flying shrapnel-suddenly jerk to his knees before he pitched forward on his face

And each time one of those rockets shattered the darkness Sergeant Rouliers and his men lay flattened on the earth and as still as the dead which lay about them Eventually thev arrived at one of the German outpostsan improvised onein a shell-hole There was a sudden, startled shout from the surprised Germans and with little trouble they were taken prisoners for there had been no time to put up a fight Then the crawl back to the French lines began. Again, the rockets began to light up the battlefield and then came the hurtling shriek of a shell which sent up columns of earth as it exploded between the raiding party and their own lines Immediately, machine-guns began to spray the earth, their flashes tearing jagged holes of flame in the darkness hen finally they became silent once more the Sergeant with his little band of men and prisoners began to crawl forward Now and then their journey was interrupted by fitful bursts of firing which died away spasmodically to an uneasy silence It was during one of these silences that Sergeant Rouliers suddenly laid a restraining hand on his prisoner's arm and lay still, listening From several vards awav came low agonised moans, but it was the guttural, babbled words that accompanied those moans that arrested the sergeant's attention Having a good knowledge of German, he was able to recognise the words-"Mother of God! have pity a priest a priest • ch! Mien Gott!" The pleadng, heart-broken prayer died away and was ost in the night only to begin a few moments ater

to his listening ears were full of meaningof warning-the distant cough of German sentry, the creaking of barbed wire and the shuffling of weary feet in muddy trenches His hands were torn irom the rough earth and his throat was parched with thirst but his face was set in lines of grim determination He had almost given up hope of ever finding the wounded men when a faint crv was wafted to him on the night winds that blew over the battlefield Ouicklv he crawled towards the spot irom which it had come. And each time that crv smote his ears he seemed to see a visien of the dying Christ on the Cross It must not be that Christ had died in vain for that soul No, no, it must not be Impatiently, he tried to hurry his progress When at last he reached the wounded man his experienced eye saw the shadow of death flickering on the pain-racked face Gently, he raised the sagging head and held a water bottle to the dry, cracked lips The water revived him and the German opened dazed eyes "A priest--" he gasped weakly Sergeant Rouliers who was a priest of God and a soldier of France, quickly slipped a stole over his shoulders and said to a dying German, "I am a priest, child" At his words a wan smile overspread the man's stricken face "Ah it was the Holy Virgin who sent you, Father " he whispered. Always always I have prayed to her for a priest at death."

DEATH OF SISTER MARY ANTONINUS, O P

There occurred at St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, in the early hours of Friday morning, June 14, the death of Sister Mary Antoninus (Houlahan), a much-loved and highly respected member of the Dominican Community, Dongarra

Through the darkness

Sergeant Rouliers and his prisoner looked sharply at each other with sudden understanding and the prisoner, shaking his head muttered, "Poor fellow he will not get a priest out there"

But his captor broke in harshly, urging him onwards, "Hurry' hurry! we must catch up on the others !"

The raid was a complete success

But some minutes later Sergeant Andre Rouliers, the hero of so many raids, was missing No one had seen him since he had handed over his prisoners

In vain thev searched the trench and while they looked for him he was crawling with feverish haste over No Man's Land, in search of a dying German He had performed his duty to his beloved France, and now he had a duty towards the God he worshipped That anguished cry for a priest had come from an enemy throat, but that made no differenceChrist had died for all men

Like a mouse emerging from saietv to face a world of unseen perils, Sergeant Rouliers crawled alone over that death-laden ground, now creeping furtively for several yards, now lying still and hearing the wild thumping of his heart The sounds tl at came

Born in Dunedin, New Zealand, Miss Houlahan came to Western Australia in 1914 to enter the Novitiate at Dongarra and had she lived another eighteen months would have reached the Silver Jubilee of her Holy Profession

Of a very kindly as well as a bright and happy disposition, Sister endeared herself to nuns and children alike, and her comparatively early death will be keenly felt, Though failing for some time, Sister continued her old self, and the thought of death was very far from those even in close contact with her till she took ill scarcely a month ago

Coupled with an exceptionally bright exterior, Sister possessed a retiring disposition and a bright spirit of prayer, evidenced by the fact that scarcely anything but aspirations passed her lips as she lay during her last illness in a state of semi-consciousness Mav her dear, gentle soul rest in peace

The obsequies were carried out at Dongarra, and His Lordship Bishop O'Collins, assisted by Rev Fathers Brennan, Prendergast, Bryan and O'Connor conducted the ceremony of interment in the Nuns' private cemetery on Sunday afternoon June 16

Before leaving the chapel for the cemetery, the Bishop spoke very feelingly of the occasion for which they were gathered He said that the deceased Sister had come from far to give her life to God in this diocese, and she had done it wholeheartedly Though of a retiring nature she was always to the fore when a service or a kind act was called for Her life's work was now done and he was sure that she had entered on a great reward with hands full of merit

On Monday morning, a Solemn Requiem Mass was sung by Rev, Father Lynch, of Three Springs, with Rev Father Brennan as deacon and Rev Father Byrne, of Mullewa as sub-dea• 1 con, the music being rendered by the Nuns' Choir

Next morning the French stretcher-bearers found the body of Sergeant Rouliers lying alongside that of a German soldier He who had fought valiantly ior the glory of France had given his life nobly for the glory of God"Assisi."

LATE MRS M ADAMS

"A life made beautiful by kindly deeds'' was brought to a sudden close on Monday evening, June 10, when the soul of Mrs Adams of West Bruns wick, Melbourne, Victoria, passed to her reward Born in Carlton some seventy-one years ago, the deceased had spent her entire life in the northern suburbs of Melbourne, being predeceased by her husband, who died in 1935

During the span of their exemplary married life both husband and wife were noted for their intense Catholic spirit, each in their own way distinguishing themselves in the field of Catholic Action Ten children graced this happy union, all of whom remain to mourn the loss of their holy parents To three of them God gve the grace of a vocation to the religious life, one son beceming a Christian Brother and two daughters nuns All, with the exception of Sis ter Mary of St Monica of the Good Shepherd Convent, Leederville, are in the Eastern States, and it was expressly to visit the former that Mrs Adams journeyed to the West in Oetober of last year Hoving other close relatives here, and as she was frail, it was decided that she should winter in Perth, but God had planned that the child who had made the biggest sacrifice of separation would have the enduring consolation of being with her mother at the hour of her death, Ailing only for a few days, Mrs Adams was brought to the Hospital of St John of God on Monday afternoon where her condition was recognised as serious, and where she was anointed Her death occurred that evening By a special privilege her daughter was permitted to be present, and held inher dying mothers hand the holy candle And brighter than the flickering gleam That same blessed candle lent, Shone out the gracious charity Of her whose days were spent In ministering through hidden ways To help God's chosen own, While making of the orphans lives A lot less sad and lone Yes, for in her native city, Mrs Adams had for long been the Fairy Godmother to the Christian Brothers ot North Melbourne as well as to the inmates of the South Melbourne Boys' Orphanage Indeed, wherever there was need of unselfish service, she was evergiving her time her home and her possessions without counting the cost, so that now, like a calm and radiant afterglow at sunset hour, the memory of her holds charm and grace Solemn Requiem Mass was offered by Rev Father Lalor at the Sacred Heart Church, Highgate, on Thursday, June 13, for the repose of the soul of the deceased

The clergy present included Very Rev J Wallace, Adm., Rev Father Hussey and Rev Father Cullen, The esteem and gratitude felt by the Congregation of the Christian Brothers for their benefactor was testified by the presence of the following: Rev Brother J N, Allen (Assistant to the Superior General) Bro J C McCann (Provincial Consultor), Bros P L Duffy (Superior, CBC, St George's Terrace), F P Keaney (Superior, Clontarf), A J Keenan (Superior, CBC, Highgate HilD) J A O'Neill (Superior, Castle dare), F S Bresnehan (Superior, Bindoon Farm School), J C Ryan and M F Redmond (Aquinas College), A D Carroll (CBC, Fremantle), M O Quilligan (C,BC, St George's Terrace), L B Tevlin, W I Gibbons, H A McIntosh, and J G Hodda (CB C , Highgate Hill) The remains have been conveyed to Melbourne, there to be united to those of the one to whom she plighted her troth in the unity of our holy Faith To their sorrowing children "The Record" extends its deepest sympathy, as well as to Mrs W Russell, Mt Law!e sister of the deceased R I P

Patriotic Effort

St. Mary's Branch, Leederville

The meeting held on 12th inst, was fairly well attended notwithstanding the inclement weather Matters in connection with the branch's stall in the bazaar were attended to and members are asked to watch the notice board for money-raising functions relating thereto Mrs L Harris is the leader of the stall and Sister Roma Harris is the branch's queen New members are being admitted at every meeting, but it is desired to increase the volume of the flow and to achieve this the cooperation of every member is asked for The competitions conducted by the Metropolitan Social Council are now in full swing, the branch having entered an ''A" Grade and two B" Grade teams After the meeting on Wednesday next a tem representing St Patrick's branch will visit this branch to play a competition fixture

St Lawrence O'Toole's Branch, Maylands

A meeting was held n Wedneday, lune 12, and a fair attendance f members was recorded During the night a team from East Victoria Park was welcomed, and another round in the inter-branch competitions was pl yed East Victori Park were successful in the table tennis, but Maylands w ·re victorious in the quoits, Member. f Maylands branch were reminded of the next meeting at which the District Board would be present, it being th'r annual visit,

St Joachim's Branch

Bro G. Keogh presided at the m ting on June 10 We extend our sin cere sympathy to Bro K Gregan in his bereavement We regret to rport Bro P Reilly is on the sick list and wish him a speedy recovery ill members requiring hospital tickets please notify the secretarv before the end of the month Bro Keogh reported on the visit to Leederville and said members had a very happy time

CATHOLIC TENNIS ASSOCIATION

By "RON"

Community Concert

In the Highgate Parish Hall on Fri day evening, July 30, the social committee of the association will conduct its first communitv concert of the sea son A number of similar functions were held last year and proved ver successful. It is hoped that the con ing entertainment will be well patronised by ll members and friends of the association "Amateur trials'' will be a feature, whilst several well-known artists will ssist Admission will be 1s Card Evening

The association's headquarters in Bacton House should be well filled on Friday evening next, June 28, when the social committee stages its initial card evening Various games ncluding bridge and rummy will be played for which prizes will be given The price of admission has been set at 1 '6 gents and 1/- ladies.

New Club

The association will add another club to its ranks on Sunday next, June 23, when the new Bayswater Catholic Tennis Club will be officially opened A party of association officials will be present and after the opening an exhibiton match between leading players will take place, Al members and friends are cordiallv nvited to attend

Tit-Bits of Interest

Two prominent members of the association and leading [A" Grade players, in Miss Kath McGovern (St Joachim's) and Leo Graham (Theresians), recently announced their engagement Congratulations!

Cards for the stop-watch competition are now available from members of the social committee Do your best to sell them

Al] matches unfinished or postponed from last week-end will be played this week-end (June 22 and 23)

The League is very grateful to Miss O Grave for her moving picture entertainment given in aid of Camp Comforts Fund, in the Cathedral Hal last Friday evening All present were delighted t the varied programme she presented to them

Monthly Meeting

The monthly meeting will be held in the League Rooms, Nestle House, on Wednesday July 3 The alteration has been made on account of the Catholic Ball We would be pleased if members could bring gifts of cups and saucers plates spoons or tea towels on that night

Jumble Sale,

Mrs Maxwell is holding a jumble sale in aid of League funds at 2 30 pm on Friday July 5 at Forrester Hall Museum-street All those who have donations of goods are asked to bring them to the hall between 130 pm and 2 15 pm. on that date Catholic Patriotic Ball.

The Catholic Ball will be held in the Government House Ballroom on Tuesday next His Grace the Archbishop will receive the debutantes Tables mav be reserved at 5s each at Nicholson's D'Arey's orchestra has been en gaged nd everything has been done to make the evening a most enjoyable one Donation,

A iriend has donated 5s towards the Catholic Action College at "Tay Greggan' This amount has been forwarded t the proper quarter

No meeting was held last week, and owing to unforeseen circumstances we have had to cancel the meeting which was to be held this Thursday, June 20

The next meeting, which will be on the 27th inst, will be held at Miss Roma'sAtkinson's home, where we had intended to hold the meeting this week Her address is 22 Coronation-street, North Perth and a No 22 tram will tke vou there Get out at the terminus, and Coronation-street is three streets from there, so it is easily found.

We have to congratulate Kath Hansen on her reecnt engagement and would like to offer her the best wishes of the club for the future

Subiaco

The monthly meeting of the Newman Societv will be held in the University Refectory on Tuesday, July 22 at 8 pm Mr P Brennan, B A, will ecture on ''Soviet activities during the past seven years' It is hoped that there will be a good attendance

Date of Ball Changed

Attention is drawn to the fact that the Newman Ball will not be held in the Embassy on July 15 as previously announced It will take place in the Karrakatta Club Hall on Friday, July 19. Debutantes will be presented to the Chancellor of the University (Dr Battve) Proceeds are in aid o the Universitv branch of the Red Cross, and tickets are 6s each.

Popular Child Competition. Included among the entertainments listed for the coming week in aid of the Popular Child Competition is the third of a series of community concerts which have recently proved so popular with parishioners Conducted by the already well-known Billie Barnes, and assisted bv Allan Barrv and others this concert will be held in St Joseph's Hall on Tuesday next June 25

Other entertainments include a "Monster Carnival'' in St Joseph's Hall, by the Subiaco CY M C on Monday, June 24, and a house party to be conducted by the Children of Mary Sodalitv for the Subiaco section Annual Parish Ball

Arrangements are already in hand re the holding of the annual parish ball, This will take place in St, Joseph's Hall on Monday, July 22, and tickets, priced at 5s (double) and 3s single) are now available from all "popular child" committees and members of Children of Mary and Young Men's Club St Kevin's Tennis Club

Despite the inclement weather conditions that prevailed, a large crowd attended the second annual dinner and dance of St Kevin's Tennis Club in St Josephs Hall, on Wednesday June 12

Included among the guests present were Rev Fathers Johnston, Hussey and Sullivan Mr A E Heagney (president of association) and Mrs Heagney, Mr Jack Edwards (chairman of social committee), and Mrs J Edwards, Mr L Conroy (Highgate Club) and Mr J T Edwards (hon sec of W A C.L TA) Upon the conclusion of the various speeches, Mr A E Heagney presented the trophies won in the recent club tournaments The winners were is follows: Men's championship singles ("A" Grade), P Mitchel; "B" Grade, F Maguire; men's championship doubles, "A" Grade, K, Townshend and P Mitchell, B' Grade, F Maguire and K Mitchell w men's champinship singles, B" Grade Miss K Donohoe:; women's championship doubles 'B" Grade, Misses M Ryan and E Bretherton: mixed doubles, "B" Grade, Miss s. Daly and F Maguire men's handicap singles K Townshend men's handicap doubles F Maguire and P Kirby: women's handicap singles, Miss I. Ryan: women's handicap doubles, Misses K Mitchell and E Bretherton: mixed doubles handicap Miss K Mitchell and K Townshend During the function opportunity was taken by the president of the club (Mr Jack Wall to make a presentation in the form of a travelling rug and tennis cas to Mr F Maguire, who left on the following dav to take up an appointment in Brisbane

YOUNG

MEN'S CLUB NOTES

Carnival Night

Monday, June 24, will be the night of the 'Monster Carnival" organised by the club The executive are looking forward to a large rollup of members and their friends

Jottings

Another inter-club bus trip ith Theresians is mooted

The attendance at the fortnightly meetings have been falling off lately

This is not very encouraging to the executive who give up their time to organise secial functions for the benefit of the members It is hoped that the next meeting on Monday., Jul 1 will be better attended

A former member of the u 1n Leo Graham has just bought the ring" Congratulations Leo

Save Big Money at Hassell's Stores, 559 Wellington Street Paints, 13/9 gallon Best brands stocked. Write for prices; it will pay.

St Mary's Branch, H A-CBS

Bro J Hannan presided over a large attendance of members at the ha yearly meeting on Monday, 10th inst. Bros Sullivan and O'Halloran reportec on the monthly meeting of the Kalgoorlie Friendly Societies' Association. One prospective member was proposed for membership

The election of officers for the following half-year resulted as follows: President Bro J Hannan (unopposed) vice-president, Bro J C Johnston treasurer, Bro D B Sullivan; secretary, Bro G L McDonald; warden, Bro R Fitzpatrick; guardian Bro C Clarke; trustees Bros A J Wildy S A Tomich and F IA, Bown; frien 1 societies' delegates, Bros Hannan, S livan and O'Halloran; auditors B+ OHalloran and Forkin

The syllabus item after next meeting on Monday, June, 24, is a social and dance in honour of our members who will be leaving shortly for overseas service

The president hoped that as we now had a shooting gallery of our own, all members would avail themselves of th opportunity of having plenty of pr: tice

Sacred Heart High School

PARENTS' AND FRIENDS' ASSOCIATION

The committee of the above association have decided to hold the monthly bridge party in the afternoons instead of the evenings during the winter months

On the first Thursday of each mont the monthly bridge party will be he in the Parish Hall, Harold-street, Highgate Play will commence at 215 pm sharp Members and supporters are kindly asked to note the date the next party will be Thursday, July 4

St. Joseph's Convent, Fremantle

ACADEMY OF MUSIC

Lord Lurgan a baritone f interntional reputation, who will give a concert in Government House Ballroom on June 22 in aid of the war funds will have as assistant artist the distinguished pianiste, Nora Coalstad f the Broadcasting Commisison, Me bourne

Miss Coalstad, a graduate of St Jos eph's Convent, Fremantle, Academy of Music was chosen by the Australian Broadcasting Commission's musical ex aminer from among numerous candi dates within the Commonwealth for a broadcasting appointment some yea ago

Since 1931 the St J oh n Ambulance Association has received £23.056 from the Lotteries Commission; about £50 a week Help charities Buy s ticket today in the N

Charities Consultation

Thursday, June 20, 1940

Plans

§CARCELY a year ago, a prominent Portuguese official, on arrival in New York, was asked by a journalist for detailed information concerning the latest revolutions in Portugal It takes a long time to live down a bad name and to dispose of prejudices and fixed ideas Despite the world fame achieved by Dr Oliveira Salazar as the regenerator of his country, and the manifold tributes paid to the magnitude of his achievements, there are, undoubtedly, many who are still unaware of the completely successful issue of what Salazar himself has called Portugal's "unica revolucao necessaria" -her only essential revolution

It is not my prupose now to detail the circumstances of that bloodless revolution Its immediate effect was to provide Portugal with a stable and determined Government and above all with Finance Minister who rescued the country from chaos and humiliation, balanced its budgets for more than ten years in succession, and eventually created a masterpiece of statesmanship and administrative foresight in the impressive "Estado Novo" With the establishment of the New State the era of constant political dissension and frequent upheavals became a mere unhappy memory for a people determined to realise in the future the greatness of their glorious past

Just how great and glorious was that past, it is the intention of the Government to emphasise during the present year, when the double centenary of Portugal's independence and restoration is being marked by a cycle of colourful festivities

It was in 1139 that Dom Aifonso Henriques used for the first time the title of King following a series of victories over the Moors which resulted n freeing much of what we now call Portugal from their rule And it was in 1640 that King John IV , brilliantlv aided bv Nun Alvarez succeeded in throwing off the temporary overlordship of Spain and restoring the independence of the western kingdom The two events are being commemorated in 1940

Of all European countries, Portugal was the first to acquire the full consciousness of nationality But many other aspects of the nation's history afford firm foundation for such a spirit, and it is intended that the occasion of the double centenary be used to demonstrate the contribution of all the centuries to the establishment and maintenance of Portugal's greatness Thus, the fouindation of Affonso's kingdom marked an important stage in Christian Europe's successful reaction against the Mohammedan menace The glorious epoch of the Discoveries, when intrepid Portuguese mariners were foremost in sailing into the unknown and "giving new worlds to the world," was also a period of expansion for the Faith and for Western culture

So, too, the Portuguese have ever been a colonising people as distinct from an mperialistic race-and their triumphs in India, Africa and Brazil have been achieved bv humane means bv intermarriage with the native races, rather than by such methods as encouraging racial hatreds or "purification by rifle

Golden Year Her for

By JOHN J M RYAN

the Portuguese coloniser "to augment his little Christendom."

The outstanding feature of the centenary celebrations will be the Exhibition of the Portuguese World which Lisbon will house from June to December

Dr Salazar has said that the purpose of this exhibition will be to present a picture of the nation's civilising action in the world and show the landmarks left by his countrymen in those lands which came under their influence It will, therefore, be a panorama of Portuguese history, and will have pavilions specially devoted to just those aspects of it detailed above Of particular interest to Catholics is the Pavilion of the Propagation of the Faith, where the missionary activities of Portugal and its own Catholic history will be fittingly symbolised It would, however, be a mistake to suppose that the centenary festivities are exclusively concerned with bygone glories So charged with vital significance and history-making purpose is the Portugal of 1940, that, quite fittingly, its graphic portrayal has been considered worthy of no little thought and lavishness of design

The main concern is to body forth the achievements of the "Estado Novo" and its creator, and so every opportunity is to be taken during the centenary year of exhibiting the nature and effect of Dr Salazar's policy and action The chief means of doing so is the special pavilion in Lisbon in which a number of exhibits demonstrate the fourteen years' development of Salazar's Portugal in inancial, economic, and colonial matters

Of the future, too, we are given a glinpse in the preparations for the Golden Year One can understand why the theme chosen for the national exhibit at the New York's World Fair should have been the World of To-morrow But it needs courage as well as vision to foreshadow the future development of a country small in size but with huge colonial dependencies, now that war threatens the very existence of so many European nations

Undaunted by the fears thus engendered, Portugal is true to her ideals and aspirations She is not afraid to proclaim her belief that "the Cross will be the highest skyscraper in the world of tomorrow"

She did so bv word and bv design in her pavilion at the New York World's Fair She plans to do so again in Lisbon this year Portugal's aspirations are all of a moral and spiritual nature, and may be summed up in the vision of Dr Salazar of a future when "the machine will not be paramount, nor will there necessarily be the cult of the colossal, the immense, the single type in every manifestation of life " Instead we may hope for progress towards simplicity, sounder ethics, better feeling and juster balance of economic power"

It is on her youth that Portugal is relying for the fulfilment of her hopes Had not the war intervened, contingents from six nations would have been present during August to co-operate with "Mocidade Portuguesa" in studving problems of organisation and physical training

It has never been Dr Salazar's desire to make of what is primarily a family celebration an occasion for a tourist rally on a large

scale Yet, had it been given to Portugal to celebrate her eight hundredth birthday at a more peaceful time, visitors would probably have flocked to her shores, not from her colonies and Brazil alone, but from almost every European country and from overseas Now that the seas are no longer safe and the greater part of Europe is thinking darkly of war, if not actually engaged on it, the "Centenarios" will be even a more domestic affair than was ntended

While the merely inquisitive tourist will scarcely be missed, the completeness of the festivities will suffer somewhat owing to the enforced absence of prominent figures in the world of science and letters, university delegates, representatives of libraries and collectors of rare manuscripts, manv of whom would be in a position to contribute to a greater knowledge of Portugal's civilising influence-"America''

Pinjarra

MASS TIME TABLE June 23: Mandurah 8 a.m ; Pinjarra, 10 a m June 30: Dwellingup, 8 am; No 2 Mill 10 am

WAGIN

Mass Time Table June 23· Dumbleyung, 9am : Wagin, I1 a.m June 30 Wagin, 8 am,; Dumbleyung, 10 am

Harvey

MASS TIME TABLE June 23: Harvey, 8 a m ; Waroona 10 am June 30: harvey, 8 a.m.: Yarloop 10 am

NARROGIN

MASS TIME TABLE June 23: Caballing 830 a m ; Narrogin, 1030 am June 30: Narrogin, 8 am,; Wandering, 10.30 am

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Thursday, June 20, 1940

HALF A CENTURY IN SOUTH AFRICA

The recent death in Ireland of the Most Rev Hugh McSherry, well known to Australians he was at the Eucharistic Congress in Sydnev-former Vicar Apostolic of what is to-day known as the ort Elizabeth Vicariate, removed from the scene of this world an utstanding figure in South Airican Catholic lie At the close of his long and distinguished career, Archbishop McSherry was much in Rome Like many Irishmen he was an adroit raconteur, hence his many iriends were often privileged to listen to vivid reminscences of his 4 years of his episcopal life in South Africa

When Dr McSherry was appointed Vicar Apostolic of what used to be called the Eastern Vicariate of the Cape Province, South Airica was on the eve of a momentous transformation The industrial revolution, heralded by the discoverv of diamonds at Kimberley and gold at Johannesburg, was at hand The duel between Rhodes and Kruger, destined to culminate at the close of the century in open warfare between Boer an1 Briton had begun Dr McSherry who during the Boer War rendered valuable service in the army chaplain department, lived to witness the Union of South Africa, and before his retirement in 1938, the changed status of the new Dominion introduced by the Statute of Westminster In the religiou: sphere also Archbishop McSherry could look back on striking changes in South African life It i a matter of common knowltdge that the early Hollanders were rigid Calvinists who forbade Catholic priests even to land at the Cape The first Catholic bishop of South Africa was appointed consequently by Gregory XVI during the early decades of British rule Catholic missionary work has subsequently always met with a greater measure of success among the Eng lish-speaking and native sections of the population than among the descendants of the Cape Dutch. To the early Catholic priests mostly of Irish extraction, Port Elizabeth, founded by English emigrants known as the 1820 settlers, proved to be a more fruitful soil on which to labour than neighbouring districts inhabite by Boer farmers The Southern African hinterland where dwelt the Voortrokkers remained for ong a closed country to them While the late Archbishop McSherry was still a bov in Ireland however, the Oblates were laying the foundations of a highly successul mission in Natal Thus when he first came to South Africa, Dr McSherrv found the Catholic Church frinly established in the twin Provinces of the Cape and of Natal, but wielding practically no influence in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal

During the period of his episcopate at Port Elizabeth the industrial revolution introduced new racial strains into the two Boer Republics, thus sweeping aside the barrier that for nigh on half a century had impeded Catholic expansion into the South African hinterland While in the track of the Uitlanders the Church was gaining a footing in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal in other parts of South Africa She was winning over the Blacks The

ANTI-OPIUM CAMPAIGN IN CHINA

Before the Japanese conquest of Eastern China, the Nanking Government was making a determined and not unsuccessful effort to stamp out the opium traffic The Chang Kai-shek Regime, established at Chungking, is still doing its utmost to combat this evil in those parts of the country where it holds swav Szechwan Province, former paradise of opium smokers, whence thousands of tons of the narcotic are said to have come, is the main theatre of the campaign The Generalissimo, Chang Kai-shek has assumed personally the direction of the new bureau for the suppression of opium, which now takes the place of three earlier government organisations that failed to give complete satisfaction The first step taken by the new bureau was to order all shops engaged in the opium traffic to be closed at the end of December last Drastic measures have been taken to ensure efficiencv Aeroplanes are being used for the distribution of tracts and leaflets and for this service a whole division of soldiers has been mobilised Since March 31 the manufacture of opium is a criminal offence District Magistrates are now required to devote twothirds of their time to travelling about the countrv so as to make sure that the planting of poppies has ceased Many prominent citizens not holding government posts have been requested by the Generalissimo to keep an eye on the work of government officials and to find out whether the reports sent in to headquarters are accurate and truthful The Generalissimo makes use of information thus received when meting out rewards or punishments Severe penalties await dishonest magistrates Six mandarins at Chengfu, compromised in the opium traffic, have been shot At Shifu six other highly-placed officials have suffered the same fate The brigand chief to the Chao Chungming band, which controlled the transport of opium to Monhsien, employing for this purpose several hundred men, has been apprehended and executed

Mr Chen, Minister ot Public Health, who has just completed a tour of inspection in the Province, states that the fate of abouta hundred magistrates is in the balance

These severe methods of repression are producing the desired results Even in the almost inaccessible hill country of Northwest Szechwan the poppy plantations are now being turned into corn fields Whereas two years ago the total of opium addicts in the province was calculated at some two million, to-day, according to Mr Chen, slaves of the drug are not in excess of 700,000 The Government has bought up all

Mariannhill Fathers had begun their great work of evangelising the Zulus oi Natal and th Oblate Fathers were making wonderful headway in Basutoland-

Besides building a number of churches, schools and convents in his Vicariate the late Archbishop, during his South African days, took a keen interest in public affairs in the Dominion Since 1902 he had been a Fellow of the Royal Empire Society

the opium on the market with the intention of either destroying it or of making use of certain quantities for medical purposes

Besides rendering the purchase of the drug practically impossible, the Government has also organised an extensive scheme to effect the cure and rehabilitation of opium addicts Some 2,500 persons are now employed in the preparation of medicines for the cure of the opium habit Recently the Generalissimo ordered the preparation of such remedies sufficient to meet the needs of 500,000 people

During the tour of inspection, Mr Chen discovered that manv addicts were only too anxious to be cured Thirty-seven hospitals and 200 clinics are lied with cases undergoing treatnent At the hospitals alone 24000 are attended each month Their treatment generally lasts a tortnight

While the Chinese National Government, involved in a stern and terrible war, still continues to conduct this vigorous campaign against an insidious evil that saps the energy of the Chinese people, it is worth while recalling briefly the attitude adopted by the Catholic Missions towards the opium trade

In 1924 the Plenary Council of the Church in China held under the presidency of Archbishop Celso Constantini a Shan;ghat drew attention to the sanctions in force against opium cultivators traders and smokers In accorance with these leccees Chris-

tians connected with the opium traffic could be admitted to the Sacraments only when they were obliged manu mihtari, or under the crushng weight of heavy taxes to cultivate t e poppy fields in the case of wives and children of opium planters cnly when they were in such a position that they were obliged to obey the heads of their families In 1931 the Apostolic Delegate informed Dom Celestin Lou former Chinese Foreign Minister that: "It was the Holy Father's earnest desire that government action in suppressing the cultivation and contraband traffic of opium should be crowned with success

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Results.

East Fremantle, 12 I; Claremont

12.6

East Perth, 12,17; Perth, 1012

South Fremantle, 22 27: Swans, 1111

West Perth, 15.7; Subiaco, 7

Premiership Points

East Perth 28

South Fremantle 24

Claremont 24 West Perth 24 East Fremantle 20 Perth . 12

Subiaco 4

Swan Districts Leading Goalgetters, G Doig TE F ) 49

G Moloney (CI) 42 Tyson (WP) 40

Truscott (S P ) 36 Saturday's Games

B RECORDER "

Truscott must be securing a big share of votes for The Sandover Medal " He is playing most effectively and clean all the wa He secured seven goals against Swans The twbest for Perth were Hilsz in defence, and Grigg, roving, while the best for the winning Est Perth team was the captain, Screaigh THE ALCOCK CUP COMPETITION

Boxing

O the few Australians who have gained a reputation overseas, Dan Creedon is ranked among the best Born at Invercargill, NZ, he came to Australia as a boy, and settling in Me bourne, a few years later ecame apprenticed to a blacksmith

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East Fremantle v South Fremantle, at Fremantle

East Perth v Subiaco, at WA CA

West Perth v, Perth at Subiaco

Swans v Claremont, at Bassendean

Recorder" selects East Fremantle East Perth, West Perth and Claremont to win

Brieflets

East Fremantle's win over Claremont was a good one and reveals that the Old Blues'' are potentially as strong as ever They have now won four games in a row Perth has slipped badly and may now be ruled out of calculations as a second round probability

The best in the game at Subiaco was one on the losing side, Wilkinson, who played at the pivot where from first to last he gave a brilliant exhibition in I departments n' Tel. 438

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Matches for next Wednesday, June 26, are: Scotch v Aquinas, at Claremont Hale v. Guildford at Subiaco Who Remembers?

How many recall that very rough game at Perth Oval n 1926 when this State's representatives defeated Victoria? That was the occasion n which Staunch" Owens, present day League umpire, played the game of his life Trey played a second game on the Tuesday at Subiaco, and writing of that game as a rough game, Gordon Coventry says: "The roughest game I played in was a Collingwood-Carlton game Next to that I would name the match at Perth between Victoria and Western Australia in 1926 as the roughest It will be remembered that those teams clashed heavily in the Carnival serie at Hobart in 1924 Feel: ing ran high. The st lwarts f the Wet ielt that thev would have t ·onform to the stvle of the Victorians, and bash their way through. Fat McDiarmid and Jerry Sutherland were just the two who ould play the strong man game, and they lid with a vengeance, No sooner w the ball bounced than punches flew in all directions Roy Cazaly and Syd Coventry were in the thick of it. It wa: a battle royal, and one that the player· njoyed imn nel I have not met one man since who doesn't grin as he refers to that g:me Plaver of both States ·elebrated when i was found that the three players reported would not be dealt with, as the umpire failed to make his report correctlv He failed in that he only lodged his charges with the represent. tives of one State instead of the two Collectively there were more punches thrown in that game than in any other twelve games in which I have played Players laughed as they left the field, all happy that they had been lucky enough to be participants in real heman s game

The famour old player, Phil Maton coach of W4A, complained that Father Time had dealt him unfairly in that he was too old to be ·elected in th t game Curious

In the 1920 season to prepare ;or the visit of Sturt Club (S A ) a State first eighteen played a second eighteen, and h seconds won with 1415 to 911 In 1872 umpires were introduced into our game Hitherto the rival captains had decided any points, and given free kicks In the following_year uniforms were introduced Hitherto caps had been the only distinguishing features

SPORTING QUIZ

Last Week's Answers

I Carbine was foaled at Slyvia Park Stud. New Zealand

2 Norman Brookes and Antony Wilding ie 3. There were two sporting itent1ties named Major Taylor The most famous was an American negro, a worlds celebrity in cycling, who visited Australia early in this century the other was a noted Australian professional runner

L Miss E Walenda remained under water 4min 45±sec at London on December 14, 1898

5 J T Matthews, of Victoria, twice performed the hat trick" in a Test for Australia v South Africa in May 1912 Strangely enough they were the only wickets he secured for the match,

This Week's Questions.

I In racing what does even trme' mean?

2 Wh. t is the distance of a home run in baseball?

3 A poker payer declares his hand as "Carbine' what does he hold?

4. What is the most a player mas ·ore in two consecutive shots at billiards? What is the greatest number oals kicked by a player in a first class Australian rules football match? (Answers next week)

His arduous calling was responsible for the development of a naturally robust constitution, and, as a result, when he entered the boxing game his physique was the envy of many a contender or ring honours He quickly graduated from the novice ranks in Melbourne, and two drawn contests with Tut" Ryan in 1890, the first over 30 rounds, and the second over eight, brought him into the limelight

The following year saw him knock Starlight in seven rounds, and Jim Ryan in two rounds, before he won from "Buffalo" Costello the American, also in two rounds. "The Buffalo" was not urprised that Dan was his master, and engaged him again Ater twenty-three vigorous rounds, in which Creedon broke some bones in his left hand the fight wa declared 'a draw "

After Charlie Dunn had fallen to him in three runds, Creedon went to Sydney where he quickly disposed ot I ck Dunn in two round. and Jim Ryan in ix. Hi successse: took the eye o F Corbett, a great judge of the game, and a one time boxing editor f th now defunct Sydney "Referee " It was at Corbett's suggestion that (in fact Creedon has said he provided the ticket Dan decided to ek his fortune broad, and he landed in Amerin Decmber 1892

The earlier succe: +e of th other viitor from Australia, Bob Fit, simmons and Peter Jackson, ensured a welcome in US A, for 'reedon, and he had no difficulty in getting matches That he took the fullest advantage of his opprtunities is shown by the fact that hi first five ntst, resulted in decisive victories

In his first fight he floored Alec Greggins in l5 rounds then Jerry Slattery in two and Frank 'raig "The 'offee Cooler," in four

But Bob Fitzsimmons represented 'a lion in the path." Three years earlier Bob had beaten Nonpareil Jack Dempsey for the middleweight 1American tite However, Dan was undismayed by the prospect of meeting his fellow New Zealander and the bout took place in September, 1894

It a disadvantage of about I0lbs, Creedon started off in fine style, anxious to make the pace a cracker, but he is still rather hazy about what occurred in the second round He awoke next day to see both "OId Boy"and Mrs Fitzsimmons at his bedside As soon as Dan opened his eyes, Mrs, Fitzsimmons exclaimed, "I told Bob Fidze not to fight you Mr Creedon; he's too big and too strong '

I wish she'd told me that the day before" Dan ruefullv remarked some vears later

However it took more than one hiding to discourage Dan, and early in 1895 he redeemed himself by knocking out Herman Burman and Joe Dunfree, following which he fought a six-round draw with the famous Joe Choynski, again giving away many pounds in weight, and also drew with Harry Baker in the same year

Baker ws a solid type of fighter, willing to take on all and sundry, but Dan proved his superiority a little later in the year, beating him comfortably be fore sailing for England where he enjoyed his greatest success In the space of fifteen months, since he had beaten Frank Craig the negro had improved wonderfully and going to England had proved superior to the English middleweights. Creedon lost little time on his arrival in challenging Craig, and the contest took place at the National Sporting Club London, ig' which was virtually the middleweight championship of England (To be concluded ext week,)

In the AI Grade, Old Aquinians de«e Tis "r j, jr gj, gf tl, [,tf,Lia []Jr#[f O'Hara getting the goals for Aquinas, UL ULLUULL 'U and Giles for Christ Church

In the A2 Grade, St Idephonsus had a good win over East Cannington, 2-I The goal-hitters for Saints were Long more and Hickey and Ockerby for the

losers

Saints'' registered another win in the B1 Grade, when they quite outplayed Cricketers, beating them 63 A feature oi this game was the scoring of all the winner's goals by one player, Haynes The goals for Cricketers were hit by Hewlett, Brady and George

In Junior No 1 Grade, Old Aquinians went under by one goal to Fremantle, 3-2, both of the loser's goals being hit by O'Brien

Golf Hint

One who knows points out that the trouble with most golfers is that they are always trying to find out why they missed shots, instead of trying to find out why they hit some shots well The failure oi many golfers to realise what thev are doing right when their games seems to be such an inconsistent game

A good player, for example, times his shot perfectly when he is hitting the ball well, whether or not he is consciousoi the fact, but if he does not recognise good timing and suddenly loses it for a moment, the chances are that he will be in for a bad patch until he un consciously stumbles on good timing again-

Abe Mitchell one of the greatest authorities on the technical side of the game, states that the most common fault in iron play is over-swinging The player can be helped by telling him that the back swing is too long if he is conscious that it has passed a point at which the wrists still have full control If the club is taken back beyond that point, power will be lost instead of gained

Racing

The Canning Park Club will conduct a meeting on Saturday Below is an early (before the weights) "both-ways'' tip:

Hurdles: Mollify Hunters Jolly Mc Maddington Handicap Sharalist Purse (First Division): Amplaid Purse (Second Division): In he Blue Welter Jungle Lady

See The Hawk's" Selections for Racing and Trotting, elsewhere in this issue

FROM THE EAST

An unusual preparation for the Grand National Hurdle is being given the SA horse, Dominor Harry Gabell has not produced him since he arrived 'rom Mt Gambier a month ago, but he has put n all the work and schooling possible to him on the trick"Norlen"

The National favourites Cheerv lack and Turf Boy-have done well since they made such good showings at Flemington 'Rapier"

Trotting

There will be a meeting at Gloucester Park on Saturday, The programme opens with the Breeders' Handicap 1 miles, and there are six other races over the I mile 5 furlongs course

Three of these races are for the 2.21 class, two for the 216. and one for the 2.13 class This last mentioned event is the Charity Handicap, in whih are all the fastest horses in training, pride of place as back marker being Grand Mogul, 85 yards bhd, while next to him is Tempest 8 yards bhd It should be a great race, with Storm Cloud (scr,) a likely winner "

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Workmen's Circles Have 37,000 Members in Argentine Buenos ires

The Federation of Catholic Workmen's Circles, most important of Catholic lahour organisations in Argentina, has held its annual general meeting here in its own huil<ling In the past year l5 new circles were formed, a sanatorium and sports ground provided, and the Young Christian Workers' movement was introduced with 40 centres and 3 000 members

The Federation, with a membership oi 37,000, publishes its own official organ, provides medical attendance medicines and legal advice free, trains young men for public speaking and runs day and night professional schools

Increase in Number of USA Ordinations

Washington

A total of 1218 young men were ordained to the priesthood in 1938, as compared with 922 in 1928, announces the Department of Education of the National Catholic Welfare Conference, after its latest biennial survey

The 94 major seminaries included in the survey had an enrolment of 8,125 students, and were staffed by 1,082 instructors Ten years ago the same number of seminaries had a total of 6,855 students and 798 instructors

MESSAGE TO THEIR QUEEN FROM DUTCH

PRIESTS IN ENGLAND -

One of the first messages received by Queen Wilhelmina after her arrival in England was one of sympathy and loyalty from the Dutch priests at Eymard House, Braunstone, Leicester, where the Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament established an English novitiate last year

UNIVERSITY OF LOUVAIN DESTROYED

Louvain's famous Catholic university with its great library of nearly 700,000 books is reported to have been destroyed in the German advance against the British forces in Belgium Reports from various sources indicate that it was set on fire and that it is a heap of smouldering ruins

Louvain University was destroyed by the Germans in the last war and rebuilt in 1928 The library was paid for by public subscription in the United States and other parts of the university by general public subscription and by German reparations Germany replaced 300,000 volumes wantonly destroyed by her troops in 1914

The new library was designed bv Mr Whitney Warren

Catholic Central Library

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Thursday, June 20, 1940.

LITURGICAL CATECHISM

Q In the practice of liturgical prayer are we to lay aside our private prayers?

A By no means, There remain the command and the promise of Christ "But thou when thou shalt pray, enter into thy chamber, and having shut the door, pray to thy Father in secret: and thy Father who seeth thee in secret will repay thee" (Matt vi 6)

The needs of our souls are manifold and some cannot be discerned or satisfied except in private prayer, It is in or meditations, our examinations of conscience in many a private prayer and retreat that we best study and know ourselves, our personal dispositions, passions and wants

Q How are the two species of prayer related?

A Private prayers- meditation,mornng and evening prayer, the Rosary, ete-prepare the soul for the better participation in liturgical prayer by awakening that attention, recollection and intimate ardour which give life and animation to our use of the set forms of the litury; liturgical prayer gives the right direction to private prayer, guarding it against the spirit of illusion and of error penetrating it with the spirit of dogma, the basic element of all true devotion

Q Is the practice of liturgical prayer opposed to popular devotions?

A Just as little as it is opposed to private prayer Popular devotions, that are approved of by the Church, have an inestimable value "For where there are two or three gathered together in My name, there am I in the midst of them" (Matt xviii, 20)

Popular devotions tend t develop the spirit of prayer in cmmon ·the ideal of the liturgy while liturgical prayer, as it does with private prayer, guards popular devotions against all danger of excess or extravagance

Q From the point of view of efficacv and of power how does liturgical prayer compare with all other forms of prayer?

A Liturgical prayer, which is but one of many forms of prayer-'the Spirit breatheth where He will" (John iii 8is speaking for the mass of man kind, the form of prayer which best promotes the glory of God and the sanctification of souls

Q What gives liturgical prayer its supereminence over all other forms of prayer?

A 1 Liturgical prayer is the official prayer of the Church which is the Bride of Christ It is the voice of the Spouse speaking to her well Beloved It is the voice of the Living Christ addressing the Eternal Father It is Jesus Who prays in the Church and by the Church He is the principle of its praise, its adoration, its petition, its satisfaction

2 Every official prayer, every cere mony instituted by the Church has a power of impetration which is of itself irresistible When we join in liturgica prayer two forces are at work-th power of our individual souls offering homage and presenting petition to God and the power of the whole Church. the Spouse of Christ gathering up our im perfect homage and feeble petition, and uniting them with its own perfect homage and its own all-powerful appeal

3 Liturgical prayer is the work o the Holy Ghost The spirit of God knows the human heart, and the prayers of the Church are calculated to sat isfy our loftiest aspiration and to raise us to the highest pinnael f holiness to which we may ascend

I Liturgical prayer is "livin dogma' It is shot through with th deepest truths of God's revelation t man "legem credendi, lex statuit supplicandi," "The rule of faith is indicated by the law of our worship" In the Church's liturgy we drink in dogma Liturgy has been called the people's Catechism

THE TWELVE PROMISES

Blessings of the Sacred Heart

There are many reasons why we should try to understand and pr :tise devotion to the Sacred Heart or Jesus». It is one of the most widespread of the devotions of a Church world-wide in it extension There is hardly Catholic to whom the phrase, "Sacred Heart.' is not full of meaning

Moreover it is remarkable in its ori gin, for the devotion as t exists to day has as its Author Christ Our Lord Himself He revealed it to St. Margaret Mary, and it was by His express wish that she and her helper intro° duced it to the Church Furthermore, while there are many approved devotions which the faithful may adopt or not as they wish because none of these devotions is necessary, though they are helpful for different persons and in different circumstances, the devotion to the Sacred Heart is so closelv related to the central doctrine of Christianity, and expresses so exactly the spirit which should animate all true Christians, that it may be looked upon as a necessary concomitant of our religion nd not a thing of choice "

Again, it will hardly be an exaggeration to say that no devotion has produced such striking fruits in souls and in the life of the Church

Our Lord's Promises to Margaret Mary

The following promises were made by Our Lord to St, Margaret Mary in favour of those who practise devotion to His Sacred Heart:

1 I will give them the graces necessary for their state

2. I will give peace in their families

3 I will comfort them n all their trials and afflictions.

4. I will be their secure refuge in life and death, ° •

5 I will bestow abundant blessings on all their undertakings

6 Sinners will find my Heart an ocean of mercy

7 Tepid souls shall become fervent

8 Fervent souls shall advance rapidly towards perfection

9 I will bless every dwelling in which an image of My Heart shall be exposed and honoured

10 I will give priests a peculiar facility in converting the most hardened souls

11 The persons who spread this devotion shall have their names written n My Heart, never to be effaced

12, I promise thee, in the excessive mercy of My Heart, that Its all-power ful love will grant to all those who communicate on nine consecutive first Fridays of the month the grace of final repentance; they shall not die in My dis avour nor without receiving the Sacraments for My Divine Heart shall be their safe refuge n this last mo-

PROGRESS A FALSE PHILOSOPHY

· One of the worst results oi the philosophy of Progress 's that it has taken away the significance of suffering If the aim of life is only to achieve complete happiness on earth, suffering is an unmixed evil, a dreadful, deplorable sign of failure Modern thinkers, to judge by their novels, do think this Their stories are as full of tragic events as Othello' or King Lear,' but they produce none of the same feeling of tragic elevation For tragic elevation arises from the belief that suffering, if taken in the right spirit, reveals, as nothing else can, the nature of the Universe Lear is greater in his suffering than he could have been in his happiness He faces the ills of the world and learns from them This s the Christian conception; according to Christian doctrine God suffered for us, and it is in suffering f properly approached, that we come closest to Him In most modern novels suffering merely distorts and depraves the character Catastrophe in them is no more tragic than a street accident The adoption of a more Christian view of suffering should make writers able to achieve a profundity of vision unattainable to them under the flattening influence of the philosophv of Progress ''Lord David Cecil in "The Fortnightly," London

"The Record" is published on Thursdays Secure your copy early

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The Busbies' Comer

Dear Cornerites, Friday is the feast of St Aloysius zaga, the patron of youth He was {"";'o ie itarguisof @astgtone, id was born in March 1568 The f st words he pronounced were_ the ~j names of Jesus and Mary When he was nine years of age he made a vow of perpetual virginity and by a ecial grace was ever exempted from Sp" s' t H temptations against purty le re,[ his first Holy Communion from ceIv BA the hands of St Charles orromeo t an early age he decided to enter the religious life and in a vision was directed by Our Blessed Lady to jointhe Society of Jesus His mother rejoiced the fact of her son's vocation, but j;s father withheld his consent for three years At last he entered the Jesuit novitiate and took his vows after two years During his last year at the novitiate a malignant fever broke out in Rome and St Aloysius offered his services for the help of the sick While performing such dangerous duty he caught the fever himself and was at the point of death when he recovered However, he now fell into a slow fever which carried him off after three months He died, repeating the Holy Name, a little after midnight between the 20th and 21st of June, at the age of twenty-three

*

ST ALOYSIUS GONZAGA, at the age of ten

AUNT BESSY

k k West Northam

ITA KIRBY

Dear Ita, The Bushies welcome you nto the Corner, and hope you will write often as news from West Northam is always very interesting I am sure you will pass the Inspector if you work hard and pray hard as well Examinations are hard, I know, but school wouldn't be the same without them, would it? Thank you very much for the stamp I w'll be looking forward to the promised donation, and Sandy s going to keep a very special look out for the mail each day

AUNT BESSY

matt444at4444444444414444444444

CARDBOARD BRIGADE

Volunteers are badly needed for the 1940 Brigade Letters may be written to the Corner under an assumed name, but all volunteers must also supply their real name and full address, so that a Pinkie may be sent on. In this way they may gather thirty brownies for the Bushies, a small amount in itself but quite sufficient if all will help

00- 0-0-0-0-0 0--

Dear Aunt Bessy,This is my first letter to you and I hope it will be all right, I go to the West Northam Convent School, where I am in third stand ard. I hope I will be in fourth standard next year, if I pass the inspector's exam These exams, are always hard I wish we could go to school without them I am sending you a few stamps for the present and I am collecting some money to send to the Corner next time I write East Wickepin

Dear Aunt Bessy,I am writing a few lines to you to tell you all about ourselves Mum has eight pet lambs, and they like to drink out of the bottles We have two cows and a dog called Laddy He likes to play with the ball I go to school seven miles every day at Dudinin JOHN ANDERSON

Dear John,East Wickepin must be a lovely place when you can have all those nice pet animals You have a big advantage over the city cornerites in that you can keep cows and lambs for pets, but you have got a very long way to go to school I don't think the city cornerites would like to go seven miles each day You must write regularly to the Corner, as we like your little letters very much

AUNT BESSY

k k k k

Dear Aunt Bessy,Kindly find enclosed 5s for the Bushies in honour of the Sacred Heart, from A LOVER OF THE SCHEME

Dear Lover of the Scheme, Your regular contributions are very much appreciated and we pray that you will be blessed three-fold for your great generosity to the cause of Catholic education in the West

AUNT BESSY

k st st West Northam

Dear Aunt Bess, This is ms first letter to you and as I had saved some money in my money box I thought it would be nice to write and send vou two shillings for the Lemonade Bottle I am n third standard at school and preparing my catechism fo Rev r McMahon We expect him to 'st us this year, and I hope I pass We are all working hard for the school Inspector, because we want to pass into a higher standard next vear

KATHLEEN SILVERSTONE

Dear Kathleen,-The 2s came to hand in very good order and I was very pleased to receive it, as une Lemonade Bottle has been going dry io1 a short while lately However, I knew it would not be forgotten altogether especially while there are money boxes and thoughtful cornerites in West Northam I hope you will pass all your examinations during the year, especial lv the one for catechism

AUNT BESSY

k k k West Northam

Dear Aunt Bessy,Dont think I have forgotten you altogether Will you please send me a prick card, as I didn't have enough money to send you I like school very much. We have green uniforms, and everybody has them The Archbishop visited our district on Tuesday We are expecting Rev Dr McMahon this year so we are studying our catechism very hard, I hope to have some money for the Lemonade Bottle next time and also hope to fill the prick card

MARY GRANT

Dear Mary,-I sent the prick card along as soon as I received your letter, and I don't think you will have any difficulty in filling it if all your generous little school pals bring you a penny each The green uniforms must look very smart, and I am sure you are very proud of them I hope you will find the examinations easy and that you will all pass without any trouble

AUNT BESSY

stamped-addressed envelope to Aunt Bessy, who will forward you a name and address Actually no Literature itself must be sent to this officeonly the stamped, addressed envelope

MENTAL DARKNESS

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"THE POPE EXPRESSES THE WORLD CONSCIENCE," SAYS ACADEMICIAN

Former French Left Wing Deputy's Tribute

'The Pope is the expression of the universal conscience," declares M Joseph Barthelemy, member of the French Academy of Moral Sciences, famous political economy professor in Paris and former Left Wing Deputy, in an article in the Paris "Temps "

"The people may not understand completely the philosophical and theological considerations discussed by the Holy Father in his Encvclical, "Summi Pontificatus," writes M Barthelemy, "but thev have realised that in it the Pope has condemned State idolatry and demanded the rights of the individual conscience, the conscience of mankind, for each of whom the Drama of Golgotha was taken to its bitter end

"The Papacy is present and alive to-day It remains one of the precious crowns of this earth

The Holy See is perhaps one of those few threads of stretched silk that at the moment when I write these lines, still restrains the sword hanging over our heads"

M Barthelemy has represented France at the League of Nations

JESUIT'S HUMANITARIAN WORK REWARDED BY JAPANESE

The famous one-armed French Jesuit, Father Jacquinot, saviour of thousands of Chinese lives through the refugee zone he founded in Shanghai, has been awarded the first annual prize for humanitarian work instituted bv the Japanese newspaper "Tairiku Shimpo."

The award, a silver plaque 2 feet in diameter, symbolising Sino-Japanese friendship, was accompanied by a cheque for 1,000 yen

Father Jacquinot first came nto prominence in the anti-foreign days of 1927, when, accompanied by Viscount Gort-then GSO on the Shanghai Defence Forcehe fearlessly walked into the Chinese area and conducted to safety nearly 100 foreign schoolgirls who had been marooned in their convent

Official Organ of the Archdiocese of Perth ESTABLISHED 1874

With the B.E.F.

By RICARDO

''OCH, Corporal, can ye no fin' a priest wha kens English ?I hevna been tae ma duties this lang syne, an' Ah'm feelin' unco' unclean, d'ye ken?"

Thus Jock C-, fine soldier and good Catholic of Scots-Irish origin, addressing himself to me from the driver's seat of a light Austin armoured truck on a road

Somewhere in France

I found Jock an English-speaking priest at the next village It's not always so easy, however, and it is no sinecure holding down the job of interpreter to an advanced Recovery Section of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps, especially if you happen (as I do) to be the senior Catholic N CO of that unit

Unlike the infantrv, who can make definite arrangements for the spiritual welfare of the troops, the Recovery Sections are here to-day and gone to-morrow "Hops" of 100 kilometres are everyday occurrences, and the senior Catholic N C O is expected to do all the "scrounging' for the spiritual needs of his men

In my own section I have arranged church parades all over Northern France in village and town In one instance-during a billeting foray in a village near the Belgian frontier-I was invited to take coffee with the parish priest, who, by the way was responsible for no fewer than nine parishes, and during our talk he naively requested me to go through the English version of the Examination of Conscience with him as, although he could speak good colloquial English, he was not quite sure of the value of certain words and he wanted to help the English troops

There were a considerable number of Irish troops in the vicinity, so he very soon filled up what small spare time he had from the work of his nine parishes and quite cheerfully, even eagerly, took on the extra burden

I conceived a great admiration for these French priests who, because of the non-exemption of the clergy from military service, have to take over three, four and, as n this case, sometimes many more parishes during war-time It is because of this too, that on occasion we have to tramp or tide many kilometres to hear Mass, because the priest-in-charge takes the churches in this area in rotation

I have heard Mass in cathedrals, churches, barns, stables, trenches, open fields, and at wayside shrines and Calvaries too, when we have been lucky enough to find a priest (British or French) with a portable altar and to see British and French soldiers receiving Holy Communion side by side makes one realise the spiritual Entente Cordiale between the Catholics of both nations

The French villagers, consistently kind to all British soldiers, are even more so to the Catholic British, owing, I suppose, to the common bond of religion

Several men of my section asked me to order them rosaries from the village shop of X Mme Devos, daughter of the proprietor, made a special journey into the large city of Y, 12 miles away walking both ways, and brought back for us ten seed pearl chaplets and a similar number of scapulars and Sacred Heart medals

When I asked her "Ca fait combien, madame?" she smiled, and shrugged, and replied quietly: "Rien, m'sieur C'est pour le bon Dieu, Ca" They were quite poor people and I happen to know that they went short of food that week through their kindness to us that is, they went short of it until the lads found out and surreptitiously dumped their rations of bully and Maconachie in the shop.

My experience with the B E.F were cut short when I was hit by a piece of flying masonry

A humorous incident on the way down to the casualty clearing station is worth recording I was lying in the ambulance on a stretcher when we arrived in a village and the driver stopped to ask the way By a chance it was the Catholic chaplain of the Nth Division whom he asked and who was known to me The padre put his head round the door and, recognising me, asked if I needed his services I told him I had been to confession the previous day and was OK"

He then said: "How did it happen, my son?" and I replied that I had "stopped a chunk of stone with my head."

" 'Tis a good ould Irish custom, my son," said he, chuckling [ niverse" ]

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CHILDREN AND NUNS MAKE THE POPE "PRISONER."

Rome

The two miracles proposed for the canonisation of Blessed Johanna Elisabeth Bichier des Ages co-foundress with St Andrew Fournet of the Sisters of the Cross, have been approved at a meeting of the S Congregation of Rites in the presence of the Holy Father

The remains oi the Ven Ignatius of Lacconi, Capuchin lay brother, have been exhumed at the Capuchin Church in Sardinia The Ven Ignatius was to be beatified on June 16

The Holy Father was held prisoner' for nearly an hour by the Sacred Heart nuns and their pupils from Rome and other parts of Italy when he granted them an audience after the beatification of Blessed Philippine Duchesne

As soon as His Holiness had given them his blessing they pressed round the throne to kiss his hand When at length he found t possible to get into the body of the hall he was surrounded again and again by swirls of pilgrims

On leaving the hall and going into another the Holy Father found 300 Hungarian pilgrims awaiting him They, too, held him until all had kissed his hand

ROME RULING ENABLES CANADIAN FORCES TO GAIN H N S INDULGENCE.

New York

Father Harry C Graham, OP, national director of the Holy Name Societies has received a rescript from the Sacred Penitentiary in Rome granting to soldiers, sailors and marines the 300 days' indulgence for wearing the Holy Name insignia in medal form

Prior to the rescript the indu!gence could be gained only if the badge or button were worn visibly

Bishop Nelligan, Ordinary of the Canadian Forces, recently called upon the chaplains to establish the Holy Name Society in all Canadian fighting units

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