Dubai Mall Metro station & Canary Wharf Metro Station Case Study

Book Case Study

Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University College of Architecture, Pune

Topic: Interchange Metro Station at Civil Court, Pune.

Web & Book Case Studies Analysis Guide- Prof.

Sudarshan Bodhankar

Submitted byRaveena Bathija Roll No-27 Interchange metro station at Pune

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Book Case Study

Case 1: BURJ KHALIFA/DUBAI MALL METRO STATION

1.1

Agenda for the case study

As the name suggests, the Dubai Mall metro station is located in Dubai on the Red line of the the Dubai Metro Network. The purpose for studying this station is for the unique design of the structure and the structural stability of the station along with a unique design of the built form.

1.2

Introduction 

Name: Burj Khalifa/Dubai Mall Metro Station

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Type: Above ground Station

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Architect: Aedas Architects

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Structural Engineers: Atkins

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Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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Management: Government of Dubai Roads and Transport Authority

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Site Area: 12485 sq.m. (including the footbridges)

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Yearly ridership: 6.6 million (2015)

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Inaugration year: 2009

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Unique features include: -

Driverless

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Fully automated

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Longest in the world Logo of Dubai Metro

It was to be the world’s largest and most advanced automated passenger transit project in the world, 74 km long, 45 stations, nine of them underground plus two depots and operational control centres. And it was to be the first urban metro network in the Gulf States. Aedas was comfortable with schemes of this size because the practice had designed very successful mass transit rail projects in Toronto, Kuala Lumpur, Delhi, Hong Kong, Singapore and elsewhere. Six weeks later the winning developer contacted them and said that they had liked Aedas's group of design concepts and could they talk.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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1.3

Network route

Burj Khalifa station

Dubai Metro Network Route

The Dubai Metro Network currently comprises of 2 lines i.e.

Red & Green lines ● Red Line – Opened Sept 2009 ● Green Line – Opened 2011 Other lines to follow: ● Purple line – Airport express ● Blue line – Along Emirates

Future Extension of Metro Network

Road The Red line extends from Dubai airport, across Dubai Creek, past the financial centre of the city and down to Dubai Marina. The shorter Green line, which is largely underground, serves the older Bur Dubai District along Dubai Creek opposite the Dhow Harbour.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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Book Case Study

1.4

Site Location & Analysis Metrolink Bridge

Dubai Mall Station

The Dubai Mall

Located next to Burj Khalifa, home to official tallest building in the world. This high end district is also home to Dubai Mall, one of the biggest in the world.The location of the station is in the CBD area of the town. Thus due to its location this station is one of the busiest station on the Red Line. This station is also well connected to its surrounding areas by buses as well as metro links and pedestrian bridges.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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1.5

Design concept Each of the stations is based on two levels: the platforms on one, the ticket office concourse and retail franchises on the other with the level containing rail track and platforms typically above the ticket barrier level according to whether the lines are elevated, on the Red Line the most frequently occurring configuration. In its search for form references, the team pondered the history and traditions of old Dubai and its heritage as a pearling village. With those broad ideas of shell and rough and smooth on board they began to explore appropriate shapes and what that might mean in terms of construction. The end solution was a cone-like shape from which the double ended armadillo-like shell was developed.

Dubai Metro stations have been modelled on the shape of a seashell as shown, inspired from the diving and pearl fishing heritage of UAE

Interchange metro station at Pune

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1.6

Planning Platform Level Zoning plan

Concourse Level Zoning plan

Planning concepts: The tube is divided into two levels. The lower level is the concourse level which comprises of both paid and unpaid areas as well as the retail shops.

The platform level has only the lifts and escalators.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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Circulation Patterns

Interchange metro station at Pune

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Book Case Study

Dimensions of the Station

Interchange metro station at Pune

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1.7

Structural Analysis Glass shell

The station consists of the Golden shell covering Pre-stress girder box

pre-stress girder box covered with arching steel portal frames.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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1.8

Material Palette

5 Principle structral materials used are: 1. Alicobond Layers 2. Reinforced concrete 3. Steel 4. Glass 5. Aluminium frames

Interior Spaces KCA International, a British firm hired by Aedas for interior design, chose a colorful style ornament for the stations of the red and green line that is meant to symbolize the natural elements of earth, water, air and fire. Everything from ventilation and natural light getting in the subway stations, the shape of the glass from the outside to the surface stations, had to be carefully analyzed and modified seemingly countless times.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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1.9

Metrolink

The 820-metre-long link connecting Burj Khalifa metro station to Dubai Mall has been completed and opened to the public. The link is aimed at streamlining traffic in Downtown Dubai while allowing visitors to walk across the area through a temperature-controlled travellator.

“The direct connection with the Dubai Metro, which is now one of the most popular public transport modes in the city, will help in reducing vehicular traffic, and enable visitors to simply walk across from the station to Downtown Dubai through a temperature-controlled travellator.”

The link has 10 travellators, each between 70 and 120 metres in length and 1.4 metres in width with a central walkway for pedestrian use. ‘The Dubai Mall Metro Link’ is one of the longest pedestrian walkway that links the Dubai Metro with any retail development, and is expected to significantly enhance the convenience of visitors to the mall and the Burj Khalifa. The flagship mega development by Emaar Properties, described as ‘The Centre of Now’.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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Book Case Study

1.10 Analysis and Inferences 1. The structure is uniquely designed in terms of its form, as explained below: The strength of the design hinges on the culturally-inspired forms of the stations and their collective response to the extreme climatic conditions of the city.

2. The unique shell-shaped roof—while both modern and iconic—invokes Dubai’s early history with pearl diving. Requiring skill and bravery, pearl diving brought early prosperity to the emirate and is thus an integral part of the history of the city and an appropriate form to mimic in the architecture of the stations.

3. The smooth inner shell avoids the visual complexity and industrial appearance commonly used in elevated metro stations.

Nevertheless, the shell structure remains an efficient means of creating one long span large volume space void of internal columns or supporting structure.

4. Moreover, the curved double skin cladding provides and environmentally friendly means of cooling the roof, using solar assisted natural ventilation techniques.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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Book Case Study

Case 2: CANARY WHARF METRO STATION

2.1

Agenda for the Case Study

The canary wharf metro station is an underground tube station located in the Docklands in London. The purpose for studying this station is to understand how efficiently a large and busy station can function entirely underground. Also how natural light and ventilation are used in this station to penetrate almost 24m below the ground surface. Also the retail spaces linked to it.

2.2

Introduction 

Name: Canary Wharf Underground Station

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Type: Underground Station

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Architect: Foster+Partners

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Structural Engineers: Arup Group

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Location: London, United Kingdom

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Management: London Undergorund

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Site Area: 31500 sq.m. (underground)

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Yearly ridership: 54.6 million (2016)

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Inaugration year: 1990

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Unique features include:

Logo of London Underground

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Minimal ground coverage yet appealing

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Monumental scale (underground)

The Jubilee Line extension is one of the greatest acts of British architectural patronage of recent years, comprising eleven new stations by as many architects.

Canary Wharf Station is by far the largest it is used by more people at peak times than Oxford Circus, formerly London’s busiest Underground destination.

Over 40 million people pass through the station each year, making it second busiest on the London Underground outside Central London after Stratford, and also the busiest that serves only a single line.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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2.3

Network Route

London Underground, better known as the Tube, has 11 lines covering 402km and serving 270 stations. Opened in 1863, it is the world's oldest underground railway network, and one of the largest.

JBL Extension Route

JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION (JBL) Canary Wharf station is the focal point of the JLE because it was located in the heart of the Isle of Dogs, close to the Canary Wharf development and regarded as a catalyst to enhance the regeneration effects of the Isle of Dogs’ area. “The land around the station has already undergone major redevelopment and it is anticipated that the construction of this line has triggered a second wave of development on the remainder of Canary Wharf, Heron Quay and North Quay sites”. The primary role of the station is to “serve the huge and expanding Canary Wharf development but it also provides an interchange with the Docklands Light Railway and local bus services”.

Canary Wharf underground

JUBILEE LINE ROUTE Jubilee Line

Interchange metro station at Pune

Jubilee Line Extension

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2.4

Site Location & Analysis

Canary Wharf underground

Location Map

Canary Wharf is a London Underground station on the Jubilee line, between Canada Water and North Greenwich. The station, serving Canary Wharf in London Docklands, is in Travel card Zone 2.

The station is located in the Canary Wharf Estate which is a major Business District in East London. The station has underground pathways linked to the surrounding commercial malls and cafes.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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2.5

Planning Context

The background of planning Canary Wharf station in the alignment of the JLE had been associated with regeneration of the Isle of Dogs. How to integrate the Isle of Dogs with the rest of London was a core issue identified in the London Docklands Strategic Plan. “In 1976 the London Docklands Strategic Plan identified the need for a major upgrading of all forms of transport. It also established priorities such as the immediate need to improve bus services, a new underground line into Docklands, construction of new local roads and the building of a new relief road between Canning Town and Limehouse”.

The station is planned in such way that it connects to the central business district entirely underground. The previous station is Canada Water and the next is North Greenwhich

Development in Canary Wharf in the year 1992.

Development in Canary Wharf in the year 2003.

After the Jubilee Line Extension Project.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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2.6

Design Concept & Approach

Due to the high volume of station traffic, the guiding principles in the design were durability and ease of maintenance. The result is a simple palette of hard-wearing materials: fair-faced concrete, stainless steel and glass. This robust aesthetic is most pronounced at platform level where the concrete tunnel walls are left exposed. In contrast to the simplicity of its materials, the station introduces many complex security and technological innovations: glazed lifts enhance passenger comfort and deter vandalism; access to the tracks is blocked by platform-edge screens, which open in alignment with the doors of the trains.

Internally the station’s scale is monumental. However Effective organisation of the space and clear design, Including good lighting, creating a reassuring passenger Experience within the space.

Commendable features: 

Clarity

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Durability

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Simplicity

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Spatial quality

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Memorable image

Interchange metro station at Pune

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2.7

Planning

Site Plan Analysis The 300-metre-long station is built within the hollow of the former West India Dock using cut-and-cover construction techniques. At ground level, the station roof is laid out as a landscaped park, creating Canary Wharf's principal recreation space. The only visible station elements are the arcing glass canopies that cover its three entrances and draw daylight deep into the concourse.

Jubilee Park is a haven of peace, a green lung within the dense urban centre of Canary Wharf. This large park was built within the London docklands above an underground station, a shopping mall and a public car park. Its curvilinear design provides a positive contrast to both the scale and the straightness of the surrounding buildings. With its central meandering water feature, its 22 fountains and pools, the park is a pleasant setting for occasional art exhibitions.

1

2

3

Entrance 1

Entrance 2

Interchange metro station at Pune

Entrance 3

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FLOOR PLANS ANALYSIS

Concourse Level Plan

Platform Level Plan

Longitudinal Section

Interchange metro station at Pune

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CIRCULATION ANALYSIS

At canary wharf , passengers head to the new extension station of London Underground’s Jubilee Line Extension step onto a bank of escalators under the graceful curve of a glass canopy. As they glide down the escalators to the ticketing level a space of Basilican scale and calm opens up before them.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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2.8

Structural analysis

Architecture and construction of the Canary Wharf Underground station is both unique and regarded as a good example of a modern underground station.

Its constructed using cut and cover techniques the station itself is entirely underground. The only elements of the station that are visible are the vaulted glass canopies over the entrances.

As shown alongside, the entire structural weight of the above landscaped park and the glass canopies is transferred to the 7 ellipsoidal columns which are present right in the middle of the station structure.

The station’s vertical structural elements are formed by diaphragm walls of 1.2 metre thickness due to constraints in acquiring the plant of greater width. Diaphragm wall is a reinforced concrete structure constructed in-situ panel by panel. The wall is usually designed to reach very great depth, sometimes up to 50m, mechanical excavating method is thus employed.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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2.9

MATERIAL PALETTE The result is a simple palette of hardwearing materials: fair-faced concrete, stainless steel and glass. This robust aesthetic is most pronounced at platform level where the concrete tunnel walls are left exposed.

In contrast to the simplicity of its materials, the station introdues certain materials to break the dull and monotonous shear concrete faces, such as : 1. Glazed lifts enhance passenger comfort and being made of glass and steel finish they deter the monotony of concrete walls.

2. Access to the tracks is blocked by platform-edge screens, which open in alignment with the doors of the trains.

3. Ribbed ceiling in ticket hall, flaring up and outwards from centre line .

Interchange metro station at Pune

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2.10 Natural Light Availability

Most important source of natural light in the station: In the middle and at the either ends, are half-egg shaped glass domes, which allow light to flood inside the underground structure and a great parade of escalators appears to reach out to the sky.

By concentrating natural light dramatically at these points, orientation is enhanced minimizing the need for directional signage.

Natural light is admitted to the space below ground level through the entrances and glazed canopy structures. These also prevent rain and wind from entering the building. The two main canopies on the east and west sides are approximately 20m wide and 25m long.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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2.11 Passenger Amenities (Commercial & Office Spaces) JUBILEE PLACE MALL Jubilee Place Mall, an underground shopping mall on the south side of Canary Wharf, offers shoppers a choice of fashion, pharmacies, cafes and restaurants.

Jubilee Place comprises a primary, below ground, mall with full height glazed shop frontages, an elliptical court with integral stepped seating and high quality food hall.

These in turn are supplemented by three mezzanine areas with onward connections to adjacent headquarter buildings and the new Jubilee Park. The primary mall also links to adjacent buildings and Canary Wharf underground station.

Glazed roof lights provide daylight to the mall, views upward towards external landscape and buildings and also provide vital orientation.

Jubilee Place shopping mall

The above map is a location analysis map of the mall with respect to its surroundings. The underground station is connected to 4 other malls underground with pedestrian walkways.

Interchange metro station at Pune

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CANARY WHARF UNDERGROUND

0 -1

MALL ENTRANCE FROM STATION

ENTRANCE FROM CAR PARK

-2

-1 -2

CANARY WHARF UNDERGROUND

CANARY WHARF UNDERGROUND

The above plan shows the circulation of Jubilee Place Mall w.r.t to the various entrances at 3 differentlevels.

The mall comprises of 1,35,000 sq.ft. of retail area.

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2.12 Inferences 1. This station designed by renowned architects foster+partners is one of the busiest stations outside Central London. The structure was studied for its monumental scale and that too entirely underground, without even being air conditioned.

2. Therefore, it does complete justice to the description given to it as “one of the busiest stations” by its monumental scale which is seen as soon as one descends down the escalators.

3. A significant success in the construction of this station is the integration of the station's architecture and engineering defining the building together, rather than the 'architecture taking on the role of wallpaper over the engineering'.

4. The station has a striking but simple appearance, that creates a majestic but human feel of concrete, both structurally and architecturally.

5. Internally, the station's scale is monumental.

However, effective organisation of the space and clear design, including good lighting, create a reassuring passenger experience within the space.

6. The roof of the station - the building's 'lid' - has been landscaped as a public park, with grass, trees, seating, fountains and paths.

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