World Happiness Index : Malaysia's Initiative With Local Authorities

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

INTRODUCTION URBANIZATION, CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

Cities as engine of economic growth Cities as an impetus to high income economy Urban Quality of life

Sustainable Development Sustainable Communities

What are the indicators of well-being

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES, LIVEABLE CITIES • “A liveable city is one that through good planning, provides a vibrant, attractive and secure environment for people to live,work and play and encompasses good governance, a competitive economy, high quality of living and environmental sustainability.” (Centre for Livable Cities, Singapore) • “Liveability is concerned with the quality of space and the built environment. It is about how easy a place is to use and how safe it feels. It is about creating–and maintaining–a sense of place by creating an environment that is both inviting and enjoyable.” (UK Department of Communities and Local Government) • “Unique combinations of amenity values (open space,design features,urban vegetation) : historic and cultural heritage; location: and intangibles such as character, landscape and sense of place” (New 3 Zealand Ministry for the Environment)

•

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

SUSTAINABLE CITIES, LIVEABLE CITIES Liveability – the state of an urban system that contributes to the physical, social and mental well being and personal development of all its inhabitants.

About delightful and desirable urban spaces that offer and reflect cultural and sacred enrichment.

Key principles that give substance to this theme are equity, dignity, accessibility, conviviality, participation & community empowerment.

Adapted from CitiesPLUS, 2003. A Sustainable Urban System: The Long-term Plan for Greater Vancouver

What is missing? .

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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RANKINGS AND MEASUREMENTS Quality of Life Index Liveability Index Environmental Index Sustainable Development Indicators etc WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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THE MALAYSIAN QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX

Source : Economic Planning Unit , Prime Minister Department 2011

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

LIVEABLE CITIES CRITERIA THE MERCER HUMAN RESOURCES SURVEY AND THE ECONOMIST INTELLIGENCE UNIT - EIU

political and economic stability cultural vitality threats of terrorism crime rate educational quality health care efficient infrastructure recreational opportunities traffic congestion currency exchange regulations political and media censorship schools housing public safety environment level of corruption climate conditions entertainment foods & cuisine pollution

vibrancy inflation cost of living public transportation permeability and access cleanliness aesthetics / attractiveness easy mobility child friendly common spaces as focus of social life no waste jobs and employment opportunities inclusiveness (dialogue and involvement of all) diversity mutual respect clubs and leisure facilities information innovation – new technology clean water

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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.........Government needs to work at not only increasing the people's earning capacity, but also on making sure that they are happy. Two yardsticks would be used to measure national development the conventional method of looking at the per capita income, and the happiness index of people as well...... Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak 3 Sept 2012 8 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 1 DIMENSION 6

Competitive Economy

DIMENSION

Effective Governance 5 DIMENSION

MSSDI MURNInets

2 DIMENSION

Sustainable Environmental Quality 3 DIMENSION

Sustainable 4 Efficient Infrastructure DIMENSION Community and Optimum Use of Transport Land and Natural Resources

Vision 2020, New Economic Model, Five Year Malaysia Plan, National Physical Plan (NPP), National Urban Policy (NUP), Component policies on use of land and natural resources.

Transformation GTP W O R L D T OGovernment WN PLAN N I N G D A Y Programme 2 0 1 2 : G– R E E/NETPC I T I E S H A P P Y C O M M U N I T I E S DR.DAHLIA (NKRA, NKEA, ROSLY MKRA)& DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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SUMMARY LIST OF DIMENSIONS, THEMES AND INDICATORS MURNInets

S1

Efficient Economic Development and Competitiveness Empowerment

D1

D2

Competitive Economy

Themes Economic Growth

Poverty

S2

No 1

2

Optimum Use of Land and Natural Resources

Sustainable Environmental Quality

Theme s Environmental Quality

Risk Management

No

Balanced Regional Development (Infrastructure and Transportation)

S3

D3

Private Investment

Total

1

4

Environmental management

Total

No

2

Residential

1 1

1

Recreation and Community Facilities Quality of Life

2

5

Optimum Use of Land & Natural Resources

D4

Sustainable Community

Themes

S4

5

Security

1

Demography

1

Total

9

Improving the Quality of Spatial, Environmental, Safety and Physical Diversity (Social / Community)

Themes

Efficient Transportation & Infrastructure

D5

No

S5

Governance Communications and Provision of Infrastructure Facilities and Community Development (Governance)

Themes

D6

Effective Governance

No

Themes

No

Delivery System

2

Strengthening Institutions

2

Enforcement & Monitoring

2

Changes in land use

1

Utility Efficiency

2

Municipal development

3

Solid Waste Management

2

Heritage Preservation, Agriculture & Tourism

2

Transportation

1

Sewerage Management

1

Total

6

Total

6

Total

Total Overall Indicators = 36 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 1 2

6

5

MSSDI MURNInets

4

3 DIMENSION

Sustainable Community HAPPINESS

Vision 2020, New Economic Model, Five Year Malaysia Plan, National Physical Plan (NPP), National Urban Policy (NUP), Component policies on use of land and natural resources.

Transformation GTP W O R L D T OGovernment WN PLAN N I N G D A Y Programme 2 0 1 2 : G– R E E/NETPC I T I E S H A P P Y C O M M U N I T I E S DR.DAHLIA (NKRA, NKEA, ROSLY MKRA)& DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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MURNInets ( Malaysian Urban Rural National Indicators Network for Sustainable Development) : 36 indicators 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

Employment growth rate Urban Poverty Rate Poverty Rate Growth rate of private investment Cleanliness level of the River Environmental Air Quality Conditions Percentage of Population Living in Flood Prone Area Percentage of per capita solid waste generation Total programs / ​environmental campaigns carried out in Local Authority area Percentage of quality affordable housing units Percent residential coverage within 400 meters of community facilities The ratio of cases relating to public nuisance complaints per 10,000 population The ratio of cases of water and vector borne diseases per 10,000 population Percentage of ‘Grade A” food premises Percentage of ‘Grade A’ public toilets The ratio of index crimes per 10,000 population Dependency Ratio The rate of change in land use from non-built-up to built-up The urbanization rate The ratio of public open space per 1,000 population Unsold residential properties

22. Percentage change in the forest area 23. The number of tourism attractions and recreation center 24. Happiness Index 25. The volume of domestic water consumption per capita.

26. Total electricity consumption (KW) per capita 27. Percentage of total waste recycled 28. Percentage of domestic solid waste collection on schedule 29. Number of integrated public transport terminals / stations 30. The percentage of homes with centralized sewerage services 31. Residents' satisfaction level on Local Authority services 32. Number of community programs implemented by PBT 33. Percentage of PBT revenue collection performance 34. Percentage of total maintenance expenditure compared to the overall Local Authority spending 35. Percentage of approved planning applications that comply to the development plan / local plan 36. Number of enforcement operations executed according to schedule, by PBT

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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A REVIEW OF WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT 2012 a. The state of happiness in the world today shows how the new science of happiness explains personal and national variations in happiness. b. The report aims to evaluate happiness level of 156 countries based on a more comprehensive measurement system that can be used to inform policy-makers. a. The rankings in the report were based on a number called the "life evaluation score," a measurement takes into account a variety of factors including people's health, family and job security.

13 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

THE GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS INDEX OF BHUTAN Constitution of Bhutan 2008 Article 9: The State shall strive to promote those conditions that will enable the pursuit of Gross National Happiness. 4th King of Bhutan, 1972 “Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product” Legal code of 1729 “if the government cannot create happiness for its people, then there is no purpose for government to exist” 14 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

THE GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS INDEX OF BHUTAN - CRITERIA 1. ECONOMIC WELLNESS: measured by economic metrics such as consumer debt, average income to consumer price index ratio and income distribution; 2. ENVIRONMENTAL WELLNESS: measured by environmental metrics such

as pollution, noise and traffic; 3. PHYSICAL WELLNESS: measured by physical health metrics such as

obesity or severe illnesses; 4. MENTAL WELLNESS: measured by mental health metrics such as usage

of antidepressants, and rise or decline of psychotherapy patients; 5. WORKPLACE WELLNESS: measured by labour metrics such as jobless

claims, job change, workplace complaints and lawsuits; 6. SOCIAL WELLNESS: measured by social metrics such as discrimination,

safety, divorce rates, complaints of domestic conflict and family lawsuits,crime rates; 7. POLITICAL WELLNESS: measured by political metrics such as the quality 15 of local democracy, individual freedom, and foreign conflicts.

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

HAPPINESS INDEX IN THAILAND Thailand has developed Green and Happiness Index (GHI) in 2007

1. GHI - evaluate the performance of national development and the happiness of all Thais - as a result of the paradigm shift from economic-led growth to human development.

2. It consists of six components- health, warm and loving family, community empowerment, economic strength and equity, good quality environment and ecological system, and democratic society and good governance.

3. Philosophy of feeling satisfied with what they have, and not feeling that resources are never sufficient to meet increasing desires - is the path to happiness and unity of people 16 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

HAPPINESS INDEX IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 1. The UK government has started measuring people's psychological and environmental well-being to achieve a better understanding of how society is doing and to assist coalition of policies in the future.

2. UK Happiness Index Study was launched on 25 November 2010 3. The key areas that matter most to people's well-being are health, levels of education, local authorities services, inequalities income and the environment.

4. The outcome of study assists in improving the quality of life and happiness levels of the population.

17 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

THE RESULTS.. a. UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) has published a detailed subjective data exploring how happiness of the people in UK in 24 July 2012; b. Responses by 165,000 people reveal the average rating of "life satisfaction" in Britain is 7.4 out of 10; 18 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

WHAT PRODUCES HAPPINESS FOR PEOPLE IN THE CITY? 1. Basic conditions have to be in place and material needs have to be met, i.e. the city has to have low corruption, safety and jobs.

2. Commuting time; it was found that in the United States, people who had to commute an hour each way to work and back had lower levels of life satisfaction than those with shorter commuting times.

3. The link between green space and happiness : green space has been found to help people relax, to reduce stress levels, and to help people concentrate better.

4. People also tend to look for cities with good jobs and a stimulating intellectual climate.

5. Happy people are more likely to be good organisational citizens. Happiness is good for the individual, city or country. 19 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

WHAT IS WELL-BEING?

21 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING PLEASANT EMOTIONS

UNPLEASANT EMOTION

GLOBAL LIFE JUDGEMENTS

DOMAIN SATISFACTION

SADNESS

LIFE SATISFACTION

MARRIAGE

ANGER

FULFILLMENT

WORK

HAPPY

WORRY

MEANING

HEALTH

LOVE

STRESS

SUCCESS

LEISURE

JOY

CONTENTMENT

Source :Ed Diener 2003 : The evolving concept of subjective well-being the multifaceted nature of happiness

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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WHAT IS HAPPINESS?

23 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

24 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

MALAYSIA AND HAPPINESS INDEX 1Oth MP - THRUST FOUR: IMPROVING THE STANDARD AND SUSTAINABILITY OF QUALITY OF LIFE - to create a caring society and promote community well-being.

25 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

UNIVERSAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DOCTRINE CONCEIVED BY THE FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING, MALAYSIA in 1997 ALIGNS WITH HAPPINESS AND WELL-BEING.

BALANCED RELATIONSHIPS

C

M

C

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND HIS CREATOR

M

M

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND HIS FELLOW MAN

M

E

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT

UNIVERSAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT VALUES 1 2 3

E

4 5

JUSTICE, COMPASSION, RESPECT, TRUSTWORTHINESS & CREDIBILITY, UNITY, CONSCIOUS OF THE CREATOR, RESPECT FOR PRIVACY, ENCOURAGING INTERACTION AND ACQUAINTANCESHIP, PEACE & SECURITY, RESPECTING THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS, COOPERATION, MUTUAL RESPECT, CONSULTATION, CLEANILINESS & BEAUTY, PRESERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABLE & EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

FDTCP VISION AND MISSION ON WELL-BEING Vision

Mission

“A Leader in Town and Country Planning towards achieving a Quality and Sustainable Living Environment by 2020”

“To spur national physical planning through Implementation and monitoring of development plans which are systematic, comprehensive and innovative to ensure the well being of communities.

27

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

MALAYSIA AND HAPPINESS INDEX a. World Happiness Report 2012 Malaysia in 51st position among 156 countries, the happiness factor was measured in terms of gross national product or gross domestic product. b. Malaysia will strive to rank better in the world and Asia Happiness Index besides aiming for higher economic growth by the year 2020. c. The aim was in line with the national transformation agenda turn Malaysia into a high-income economy as well as taking into consideration the happiness ranking.

28 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

THE USEFULNESS OF HAPPINESS INDEX a. Combine the best of what’s happening in terms of wellbeing measurement locally and nationally, engaging grassroots action to engage, enable and motivate positive change; b. Provide more meaningful measurement of progress which allows real and impactful dialogue between activity in communities and local/national policy makers; c. Provides a platform for the many bodies measuring wellbeing to collaborate across different sectors, approaches and objectives with a shared purpose of city-scale change; and d. Enable and inspire ordinary people in measuring their own and their community’s development in terms they understand, via methods they enjoy and with practical outcomes that are meaningful and helpful in their lives 29 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

30 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

CRONOLOGY OF HAPPINESS INDEX STUDY IN MALAYSIA YEAR

DATE

ACTIVITIES

24-26 Aug

Workshop on the Formulation of Malaysia Spatial Sustainable Development Indicators(MSSDI) – Discussion on Gross Happiness Index of Bhutan

3 Nov

Working Group Discussion of MSSDI – The incorporation of Happiness Index in MSSDI

12 Jan

The Intial Discussion of Modus Operandi on the Review of MURNInet & new indicators including Happiness Index Study (under ‘Sustainable Communities/’Komuniti Sejahtera” dimension)

3-4 April

Workshop on MURNInet Review - New Indicators, boundary of data collection and the justification of Happiness Index Study in the MURNInets framework.

19-27 July

Meeting with 8 local authorities in Malaysia to test run data viability on new indicators and piloting Happiness Index Study’s questionnaires

8 Oct

National Consultation Workshop with United Nations Conference On Sustainable Development 2012 organised by Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister Department : Paper on ‘Advancing the Sustainable Development Agenda through alighning Malaysia Plans Policies and Happiness Index Study in MURNInets’

18 Oct

Meeting on Malaysia Sustainable Development Indicators – organised by Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister Department : Paper on The Review of MURNInet and Happiness Index Study

2 July

Commencement the MURNInets’s data collection and survey on Happiness Index Study involving 151 Local Authorities in Malaysia

15 Aug

Cabinet Meeting No 19/2012 – A Review of MURNInet including Happiness Index 31 Study

2010

2011

2012

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

MURNInets AND HAPPINESS INDEX 1. In the 10th Malaysia Plan, the Government has explicitly stated the commitment to ensure high quality of life in urban and rural areas.

2. MURNInet has been implemented for more than 10 years and needs updating and review to new sustainability issues and changes in national development policies.

3. FDTCP is focal point for Malaysian Urban-Rural National Indicators Network for Sustainable Development (MURNInets) is now incorporating happiness indicators into the framework.

4. Happiness Index Study in MURNInets – involves primary data collection jointly between local authorities and residents.

5. Among aspects taken into account : relationship interaction with family, neighbourhood and the community, living environment, safety, spirituality, the level of health facilities and the performance of local authority services.

32 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

THE ‘HAPPINESS INDEX’ QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTIONS

NO Q1

How do you rank your stress level?

Q2

Are you satisfied with your health?

Q3

How satisfied are you with your life partner and family?

Q4

Are you happy in your job?

Q5

Are you satisfied with your current monthly income?

Q6

Do you believe that religion or sprituality can bring you joy and happiness in your life?

Q7

Do you interact well with your neighbours?

Q8

Do you enjoy it when you get involved with community activities in your area?

Q9

Do you feel safe in your home?

Q10

Are you satisfied with the facilities provided in your neighbourhood?

Q11

Are you satisfied with services provided by local authorities in your area?

Q12

Are you satisfied with the service of the political representative in your area?

Q13

Are you happy with the quality of your living environment?

LIKERT SCALE UNHAPPY 1

LESS HAPPY 2

AVERAGE 3

HAPPY 4

HAPPIER 5

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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METHODOLOGY CATEGORY OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES

NO. OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES as at 22/10/2012

%

NO .OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES PARTICIPATE

%

NO OF SAMPLE

CITY COUNCIL

14

9.27

8

5.30

2,953

MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

36

23.84

19

12.58

3.429

DISTRICT COUNCIL

101

66.89

39

25.83

4,081

TOTAL

151

100

66

43.71

10,463

CLUSTER SAMPLING - the target population is spread across a geography. a. Local Authority Council's Committee Members (MPP) - 24 MPP 1 MPP x 10 RA a. Member Of Residents’ Associations (RA) – 1 RA – 50 members sample 3% x 50 = 1.5 ~ 2 member x 10 RA x 24 MPP = 360 samples 34 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

ANALYSIS AND TECHNIQUES STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

ORDINAL DATA

HAPPINESS INDEX

= MEDIAN [ Q1+ Q1 + Q2 + Q3……Q13]

x 100

13 SUBCONTRUCT X 5 LEVEL OF HAPPINESS HAPPINESS INDEX =

54

x 100

65

= 83.08%

HAPPINESS SCALE HAPPY >80% AVERAGE 41-79% LESS HAPPY <40% 35

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

36 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

TRENDS IN HAPPINESS INDEX FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN MALAYSIA 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1

3

5

7

9

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65

LOCAL AUTHORITIES WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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WHAT ARE THEY NOT HAPPY ABOUT – CITY COUNCIL? UNHAPPY

LESS HAPPY

AVERAGE

HAPPY

HAPPIER

Q1

STRESS LEVEL

-

14.29%

85.71%

-

-

Q2

HEALTH CONDITION

-

-

14.29%

85.71%

-

Q3

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

-

-

-

100%

-

Q4

JOB

-

-

14.29%

85.71%

-

Q5

MONTHLY INCOME

-

-

28.57%

71.43%

-

Q6

RELIGION

-

-

-

85.71%

14.29%

Q7

NEIGHBOURS INTERACTION

-

-

-

100%

-

Q8

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

-

-

-

100%

-

Q9

NEIGHBOURHOOD SAFETY

-

-

14.29%

85.71%

-

Q10

PROVISION OF FACILITIES

-

-

57.14%

42.86%

-

Q11

LOCAL AUTHORITIES

-

-

28.57%

71.43%

-

Q12

ROLE OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATIVE

-

-

57.14%

42.86%

-

Q13

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

-

-

57.14%

42.86%

-

RESULTS

LESS HAPPY 1.10%

AVERAGE 27.47 %

HAPPY 70.33%

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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WHAT ARE THEY NOT HAPPY ABOUT – MUNICIPAL COUNCIL? UNHAPPY

LESS HAPPY

AVERAGE

HAPPY

HAPPIER

Q1

STRESS LEVEL

-

33.33%

55.56%

11.11%

-

Q2

HEALTH CONDITION

-

-

16.67%

83.33%

-

Q3

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

-

-

-

94.44%

5.56%

Q4

JOB

-

-

16.67%

100%

-

Q5

MONTHLY INCOME

-

-

33.33%

66.67%

-

Q6

RELIGION

-

-

-

88.89%

11.11%

Q7

NEIGHBOURS INTERACTION

-

-

5.56%

94.44%

-

Q8

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

-

-

11.11%

88.89%

-

Q9

NEIGHBOURHOOD SAFETY

-

-

33.33%

66.67%

-

Q10

PROVISION OF FACILITIES

-

-

61.11%

38.89%

-

Q11

LOCAL AUTHORITIES

-

-

38.89%

61.11%

-

Q12

ROLE OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATIVE

-

-

55.56%

44.44%

-

Q13

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

-

-

50%

50%

-

RESULTS

LESS HAPPY 2.56%

AVERAGE 29.06 %

HAPPY 68.38%

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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WHAT ARE THEY NOT HAPPY ABOUT – DISTRICT COUNCIL? UNHAPPY

LESS HAPPY

AVERAGE

HAPPY

HAPPIER

2.94%

23.53%

73.53%

-

-

Q1

STRESS LEVEL

Q2

HEALTH CONDITION

-

-

8.82%

91.18%

-

Q3

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

-

-

-

85.29%

14.71

Q4

JOB

-

-

-

100%

-

Q5

MONTHLY INCOME

-

2.94%

32.35%

64.71%

-

Q6

RELIGION

-

-

-

76.47%

23.53%

Q7

NEIGHBOURS INTERACTION

-

-

-

97.06%

2.94%

Q8

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

-

-

2.94%

97.06%

-

Q9

NEIGHBOURHOOD SAFETY

-

-

2.94%

97.06%

-

Q10

PROVISION OF FACILITIES

-

-

70.59%

29.41%

-

Q11

LOCAL AUTHORITIES

-

-

17.65%

82.35%

-

Q12

ROLE OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATIVE

-

-

50.00%

50.00%

-

Q13

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

-

-

17.65%

82.35%

-

RESULTS

LESS HAPPY 0.87%

AVERAGE 8.13 %

HAPPY 91.00%

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

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SOME POINTERS TOWARDS HAPPY COMMUNITIES a.

Creating Happy Communities is all about bringing people together and helping them share what they know about increasing happiness.

b.

One of the main ways to promote well-being is to make people feel valued as an individual and realise that they matter in the grand scheme of things. Feeling valued creates a supportive atmosphere and increases the likelihood of positive interaction at all levels.

c.

More emphasis on the community and helping people to make connections and build relationships locally.

d.

Requires fundamental change in the way economic entities operate.

Instead of purely profit margins, greater attention needed on wellbeing.

e.

Working together to makes cities better, brighter and happier.

f.

Urban and neighbourhood design to support and promote happiness

g.

Local Authorities to identify activities and events to promote happiness. Local Agenda 21 can be a platform.

41

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

CONCLUSION 1. Happiness is pre-requisite in Sustainable Development and Sustainable Communities.

2. Happiness index as a framework for decisionmaking and policy development.

3. Happiness index of the people provides guidance to local authorities interested in improving the level of well-being people.

4. Happiness through Neighbourhood Design 5. Promoting the business of being happy â&#x20AC;&#x201C; HAPPINOMICS 42 WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID

THANK YOU……..

“Happiness is the Business of Government”… Abigail Ross-Jackson 30/1/2011

Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Ministry of Housing and Local Government www.townplan.gov.my http://mytownnet.blogspot.com/

WORLD TOWN PLANNING DAY 2012 : GREEN CITIES HAPPY COMMUNITIES DR.DAHLIA ROSLY & DR. AZMIZAM ABDUL RASHID