GIS – Geographical Information System AEC – architectural Engineering and construction UE4 – Unreal Engine SDK – software development Kit AR - Augmented Reality VR – Virtual reality ISO – International organization o standards API – application programming interface

Initially, the topography has been created using a displacement map. Displacement maps display height above a polygon surface by the intensity of the grayscale image (Maxon,

2022). This displacement plan, as illustrated in image 2, was obtained from a website (tangrams.github.io). It has been outlined to the Clifton Bridge region and imported into UE4. The main drawback encountered is that the outcome is not accurate, the topography created was not georeferenced, and the data retrieved from the website does not match the realtime. As a result, the process has been accelerated by the search for new approaches.

Second, it has been targeted to implement georeferencing to the model. ArcGIS has launched a new plugin aligning with UE4 in October 2021 which is available free as it is its first addition (Hansen, 2020). The plugin has the real-time Esri data The plugin has been used to bring out using as the topography layer for the model (as shown in the image 3) as it is the most accurate data ever (esri,

2010). Image 2: displacement map of Clifton area

Image 3: ArcGIS SDK plugin in UE4

With the goal of becoming the most accurate data with georeferencing, Esri created a beta version of the plugin. It is available for free when in beta version, however not all functions are available (ArcGIS, 2022). Because it is mandatory to utilise a totally free tool, it has not been employed, and the look for the next method has proceeded.

Third, looking for tools that are free and simple to use, Blender is noticed. A free add-on to blender that has been used to create the topography of the Clifton bridge. Blender GIS is an add-on helps to import topography, buildings, roads, rivers. Etc (‘BlenderGIS Addon Blender’, 2020). The image 4 below study the results of importing esri GIS data. This has ticked al the need that is needed for the model i.e., has georeferencing, done in free model, and easy to use and edit. As seen in the picture, the legs of the Clifton bridge obtained from GIS data make it easier to find the Clifton bridge than the previous model. Importing the Blender file into UE4 is done using data smith plugin. Despite these benefits, there remains a constraint that affects the model's visualisation. The data collected from blender GIS isn't really correct because the project is aimed for being extremely little and with more couture. Because visualisation is the most important factor for client consideration, this approach is likewise a failure.

Until far, three methods have been explored, resulting in three distinct models, and none of them have been fully successful. However, it is critical to finalise a model that is acceptable for linking with the bridge and harbour. By evaluating three strategies, as shown in the table below, and analysing them in the decision-making process.

Image 4: output from Blender GIS

Tools used Approach 1 Approach 2 Approach 3

Displacement map ArcGIS SDK for unreal Blender GIS add-on