2014 LA River Re-Sourcing the River

LOS ANGELES RIVER INTEGRATED (WATER) RESOURCE STUDIO

Re-Sourcing the River

Spring 2014, USC Landscape Architecture Studio

LML Landscape Morphologies Lab @ University of Southern California

URBAN NATURE

Contents Introduction

3

Student Final Project Summaries

4

Final Review Jury

15

Background Research Boards

17

Student Final Project Boards

27

Appendix: Final Project Model Photos

42

Cover Image by Qiong Peng 2

Table of Contents

LOS ANGELES RIVER INTEGRATED (WATER) RESOURCE STUDIO

Re-Sourcing the River University of Southern California // School of Architecture // Landscape Architecture Program // arch.usc.edu Landscape Architecture 542B, 6 units // Spring 2014 Semester Coordinated by Alexander Robinson // Assistant Professor // Landscape Architecture Program // alexander.robinson@gmail.com // lmlab.org Supplmental consulting by Travis Langcore & Robert Perry

Background Los Angeles River as an Integrated Water Resource?

For this studio USC graduate landscape architecture students studied the Los Angeles Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and the potential impacts that a range of progressive water measures will have on the Los Angeles River.

Increasingly the water that feeds the river (and fuels the revitalization) is being targeted by water managers for re-use or treatment and the river is increasingly being seen as a water user or “feature” that must be allocated water that could otherwise be supplying users. This studio examined how the future River, planned as an ecological open space, can be best integrated or adapted to these future measures.

Background Research Los Angeles River and IRP Water Resource Management Students were divided into two groups based on two broad water resource categories: wastewater and dry and wet weather flows. Each group attempted to visualize geographic and quantity information for the “before” and “after” of the IRP measures and the potential impacts and opportunities that changes in water resource management might have on recreation and habitat.

Speculative Quality of Projects While the studio invested heavily in learning about from the IRP and researching measures currently considered feasible, the students had a greater abundance of design vision than access to technical knowledge or analysis. Inevitably many of these proposals are largely untested in terms of feasibility and may have fundamental technical, policy, economic or political challenges, but by the same token hopefully offer some fresh and visionary approaches worth pursuing and exploring further.

Restoration or Revitalization or Retrofit?

The projects presented here generally take on a shorter term perspective in terms of their scope of intervention and aspiration for the modification of the Los Angeles River. Instead of having a larger (and worthy!) vision for a radical transformation of the current condition, they generally hue closer to existing trajectories and precedents and make proposals that while often radically ambitious could be executed within the common framework of centralized, larger-scale projects and interventions.

System Designs System Proposal and Detailed Design Component Building on the research for the mid-review mappings, for the final-review the students made proposals for how they might make changes to the IRP proposals and related systems to better integrate or adapt the River.

Introduction

3

4

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Student Final Project Summaries System Proposal and Detailed Design Component

5

Student Project List 1. Distributed, Downstream Water Recycling via the LA River Downtown Los Angeles In-Channel Water Diversion and Recreation Island for Downstream Advanced Water Treatment

by Qiong Peng 2. River Kayaking Futures with Smart River Flow Management Glendale Narrows Waterwise Enhanced Kayaking Course

by Yu Hui 3. LA River Stormwater Outfall Treatment Systems Modular In-Channel Dry Weather Water Treatment Terrace Park

by Jingwen Zhu 4. River Confluences Water Quality Interventions Confluence Dry-Weather Treatment Monument

by Bingqing Gu 5. Multi-Purpose LA River-Integrated Reclaimed Water Wetland Treatment LA River Integrated Lake Balboa Retrofit in Sepulveda Basin

by Shiqi Huang 6. Enhanced Sub-Watershed Hydraulic Urbanism Adaptive Municipal Park Water Quality and Resource Retrofit

by Wei Du 7. Programmed Wetland Park Integrated Advanced Water Treatment Sepulveda Basin Advanced Water Treatment Wetland Park

by Yannan Zhai

6

Student Final Project Summaries

Project Summary Legend Project # 1-7 Proposed System Each project proposed integrating water resource management and multiple benefits (recreation, habitat, etc.) into a “system” within the Los Angeles River Watershed and water resource systems.

Designed Component Following the development of a “system”, students were then required to design a component or specific instance of this system in greater detail.

Integrated Function Projects generally attempted to better integrate the Los Angeles River and open space or recreation with the IRP measures and adapt it to future water resource issues.

Description (self-explanatory) Keywords (self-explanatory) Student Title (self-explanatory) Student (self-explanatory)

Student Final Project Summaries

7

Project # 1 Proposed System Distributed Downstream Water Recycling via the LA River Designed Component Downtown Los Angeles In-Channel Water Diversion and Recreation Island for Advanced Treatment Integrated Function Integrate LA River in Water Recycling to Maintain Maximum Habitat and Recreation

by Allowing Tillman Outflow to Run Through the River before Diverting to Water Recycling Facilities Description As an alternative to diverting reclaimed water from the Tillman plant for advanced water treatment at the Pocoima Wash, run a portion of the water through the LA River to maintain approximate existing water flows for habitat and recreation and divert at various sections for recycled water use. The detailed component design a multi-purpose diversion system – an accessible island floating in a rubber dammed recreational lake. Island designed to withstand high flows. In-channel bike path and decorative low flow channel also included in design.

Keywords advanced water treatment, la river water resource diversion, island, rubber dam, water recreation, inchannel bike-path Student Title Let it flow: Los Angeles River Integrated Water Recycling Student Qiong Peng

Angeles River Integrated Water Recycling

8

Qiong Peng

Qiong Peng

Qiong Peng

Let it flow: Los Angeles River Integrated Water Recycling

Student Final Project Summaries

Qiong Peng

Let it flow: Los Angeles River Integrated Water Recycling

25

Project # 2 Proposed System River Kayaking Futures with Smart River Flow Management Designed Component Glendale Narrows Waterwise Enhanced Kayaking Course Integrated Function Smart River Water Flow Management for Improved Recreation and Habitat Management Description Maintain and improve river kayaking by adding rubber dams, including a “waveshaper� white-water course and watercraft related amenities. The smart rubber dam system stores water to allow for improved kayaking adapted to reduced river water flows.

Keywords kayaking, white-water rafting, rubber dams, adaptation, wave-shaper Student Title Smart Recreation in the Los Angeles River: Providing More Activities with Less Water Student Yu Hui

s River: providing more activities with less water

Yu Hui

Yu Hui

Student Final Project Summaries

Smart Recreation in Los Angeles River: providing more activities w

9

Project # 3 Proposed System LA River Stormwater Outfall Treatment Integrated with Open Space Designed Component Modular In-Channel Dry Weather Water Treatment Terraces Integrated Function Dry Weather Treatment and Reclaimed Water Polishing Integrated with Habitat and River Recreation and Access Improvements Description Integrate dry-weather water treatment at outfalls in river channel banks using “removable” / “flood-adapted” modular terraces attached to existing concrete channel.

Size terrace systems sized according to subwatersheds and flood protection capacity.

Aesthetic features and appropriate access and program embedded.

Keywords dry weather flow, in-channel treatment, wetlands, modular, river terracing, IRP, river habitat, retrofit Student Title Water Treatment Proposal for Outfall Surroundings in ARBOR Area Student Jingwen Zhu

Water Treatment Proposal for Outfall Surroundings in ARBOR Area 10

Student Final Project Summaries

Jingwen Zhu

g Gu

Project # 4 Proposed System River Confluences Water Quality Interventions Designed Component Confluence Dry-Weather Treatment Park & Monument Integrated Function Engage Leftover Confluence Spaces as Water Quality Systems and Symbolic Open Space Description Re-purpose leftover confluence properties to create multi-purpose amenities that function as geographically symbolic open spaces and can intercept and treat dry-weather and wetweather flows from open channel confluences.

Specific proposal transforms confluence into a spiral water treatment park.

Keywords confluence, dry weather flow, rubber dam, wetlands, IRP, river habitat, retrofit

22Wet Student Title Applying IRP Treatments to Dry and Weather Confluence Flows

Applying IRP Treatments to Dry and Wet Weather Confluen

Student Bingqing Gu

Bingqing Gu

Applying IRP Treatments to Dry and Wet Weather Confluence Flows

Student Final Project Summaries

11

Project # 5 Proposed System LA River-Integrated Reclaimed Water Wetland Treatment Park Designed Component Lake Balboa Wetland and River Retrofit in Sepulveda Basin Integrated Function Dry Weather Water and Reclaimed Water Treatment with Enhanced Habitat, Smart Water Recreation, and Improved LA River Access and Program Description The project proposes to re-configures legacy water bodies receiving the output of LA River adjacent water reclamation plants as multipurpose systems. The specific design advanced propose to transform Lake Balboa into a multi-performative system that has multiple functions and is better integrated with the Los Angeles River.

Keywords dry weather flow, LA River access, wetlands, habitat, lake, reclaimed water treatment Student Title Reconnecting Isolated Los Angeles River: Riverside and Water Resources Management Student Shiqi Huang

Shiqi Huang 12

Shiqi Huang

Reconnecting Isolated Los Angeles River: Riverside and Water Resources Management 26 Reconnecting Isolated Los Angeles River: Riverside and Student Final Project Summaries

Project # 6 Proposed System Enhanced Sub-Watershed Hydraulic Urbanism Designed Component Adaptive Park Water Quality and Resource Retrofit Integrated Function Retrofitted Sub-Watershed and Open Space with Multi-Functional Water Quality Systems Description Improve urban integration and develop methodologies for dry and wet weather water treatment in sub-watershed as outlined in the IRP. Specific design case examines potential for a park retrofit to allow for a semi-modular wetland treatment system adapted to existing programs and established vegetation.

Keywords dry weather flow, park, wetlands, modular, IRP, retrofit, water re-use Student Title Integration: Sub Watershed Water & Bonus Value // Interweaving: Water Treatments & Open Space Student Wei Du

18

Student Final Project Summaries

Integration: Sub W

13

Project # 7 Proposed System Advanced Water Treatment Integrated with Recreational Wetland Park Designed Component Sepulveda Basin Advanced Water Treatment Wetland Park Integrated Function Integrate Wetland Treatment Park with Advanced Water Treatment Description Develop a multi-functional cultural wetland park that is integrated with an advanced water treatment process for water recycling Tillman Reclamation Plant output. The treatment park presents an productive and programmatically attractive supplement to the Tillman Japanese Garden. Park elements include a pavilion, community agriculture, and wetland gardens and habitat.

Keywords wetlands, advanced water treatment, water recycling, park, community agriculture Student Title Wetland Infrastructure: Water Recycling with a Wetland Park in Sepulveda Basin Student Yannan Zhai

g with a Wetland Park in Sepulveda Basin

Yannan Zhai

14

Yannan Zhai

Wetland Infrastructure: Water Recycling with a Wetlan

Student Final Project Summaries

28

Wetland Infrastructure: Water Recycling with a Wetland Park in Sepulveda Basin

Yannan Zhai

Final Review Jury @ USC “BlueTape” May 1st, 9AM-1PM, 2014

All photos by Alexander Robinson

Attendees Peter Arnold, Arid Lands Institute Art Castro, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Deborah Deets, City of Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation Charles Dwyer, Los Angeles Army Corps of Engineers Ben Feldmann, Mia Lehrer & Associates Melissa Guerrero, Mountains Recreation Conservation Authority Serge Haddad, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Bob Harris, USC Landscape Architecture Travis Langcore, USC Landscape Architecture & Spatial Sciences Robert Perry, USC Landscape Architecture Rosalba Santana, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Wing Tam, City of Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation Doug Walters, City of Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation Andy Wilcox, Cal Poly Pomona Landscape Architecture Megan Whalen, City of Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering River Group

Final Review Jury

15

16

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Background Research Boards Los Angeles River and IRP Water Resource Management Wet & Dry Weather Water Group Wastewater Group

17

Background Research Boards: Wet & Dry Weather Water Group

Los Angeles River Existing Stormwater Weather Flow comes from wet weather rainfall.

Group B: Bingqing Gu, Jingwen Zhu

Legend Wet Weather

Stormdarin System

50-100 100-150 0-50

Diameters of stormdrain pipes represent water quantity and through several layers, urban runoff gathered to the main pipes and connect with outfalls to the river.

Stormdrain Diameter (ft.)

Outfall

Outfalls all located at river banks and pull out

-

Outfall Diameter (ft.)

Dry Weather by its land use and urban texutre.

1

Stream Order

2

Stream order shows the relative size of streams.

3 5

4

Debris Basin

Debris basins are constructed to treat the loss of control of runoff and deterioration of water quality.

Impervious Grass Land Park, Wetland 0-0.6 Pervious Pavement

Los Angeles River Watershed

Walkway, Parking Lot 0.6-0.8

Subwatershed

Concrete Road, Local Street 0.8-1.0

6

18

Parkland Stream

Reference: City of Los Angeles. 2009 Nov. Green Vision Plan. pdf Los Angeles County GIS Data Portal. http://egis3.lacounty.gov/dataportal Los Angeles River GIS Database. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/x54ys87m7axzdc0/u9P0AZy31M USC Geoportal. http://geospatial.usc.edu/geoportal/catalog/download/

Los Angeles River

Los Angeles River Existing Stormwater Weather Flow by Bingqing Gu & Jingwen Zhu

Los Angeles River Existing Stormwater Weather Flow

Bingqing Gu and Jingwen Zhu

Background Research Boards: Wet & Dry Weather Water Group

Los Angeles River Future Stormwater Treatment by Bingqing Gu & Jingwen Zhu

Bingqing Gu and Jingwen Zhu

Los Angeles River Future Stormwater Treatment

19

7

Background Research Boards: Wet & Dry Weather Water Group

8

20

Los Angeles River Stormwater Quantity Sankey Diagram by Wei Du & Yannan Zhai

Los Angeles River Stormwater Quantity

Wei Du and Yannan Zhai

Background Research Boards: Wet & Dry Weather Water Group

Wei Du and Yanan Zhai

Los Angeles River Future Stormwater Treatment Project and Arbor Project by Wei Du & Yannan Zhai

Los Angeles River Future Stormwater Treatment Quality and Arbor Project

21

9

Background Research Boards: Wastewater Group

Qiong Peng 11

Wastewater Resource Impact at Los Ange

Wastewater Resource Impact at Los Angeles River by the Year 2020 22

Wastewater Resource Impact at Los Angeles River by the year 2020 by Qiong Peng

River Sewage Water and Open Space

12

27MGD

Background Research Boards: Wastewater Group

37MGD 25.9MGD

Los Angeles River is threatened by satewide water scarcity. Treated sewage water is the main source for river revitalization. The reduction of major water supply from water reclamation plants goes against to the river restoration. How can the river be more wat

Los Angeles Water Sources

Lake Oroville

Recycled Water for City Use

4.5MGD

Sacramento Bay Delta

70.8

Groundwater 11%

291.2MGD

197.4MGD

Eastern Sierra Nevada

Total Water Supply for the City

Total Sewage Water

555.3MGD

541MGD

MWD 52%

Los Angeles Aqueduct Los Angeles

Source: LADWP 2010 UWMP Exhibit 11c

Colorado River

Los Angeles River Sewage Water and Open Space

Colorado River Aqueduct (MWD)

Current Los Angeles River Sewage Water <7MGD 4.5MGD 16.8MGD 5.7MGD

Japanese Gardens Lake Balboa

MGD

450MGD

Flow to Los Angeles River

Irrigation Industrial Use Ground Water Recharge Ocean

LA Aqueduct 36%

Owens Lake

Water Reclamation Plant Capacity

4.5MGD

Recycled Water 1%

63.4MGD

California Aqueduct (MWD)

Dry Weather Runoff

Sewage Water Sources

Activity Type

Popularity

Fishing

Fishermen are a frequent Along the soft bottom sight along the river banks

Wildlife Lake

Location

2.4 Miles Soft Bottom Sepulveda Basin

64MGD 18MGD

9MGD

LAGWRP

BWRP

DCTWRP

Sepulveda Basin Loop 3.3 mile

HTP

Images

Lake Balboa Only Legal Fishing Site

Outfall from Three Lakes

>20MGD DCTWRP

64 MGD

27MGD 37MGD 25.9MGD

Dry Weather Runoff

57

2.4 Miles Soft Bottom Sepulveda Basin

MGD

Sepulveda Basin Loop 3.3 mile

Activity Type

Popularity

Location

Kayking

welcomed by sports lovers

11 miles stretch between Union Station

Images

2.4 miles streth Sepulveda Basin

Future Plan for Los Angeles River Sewage Water (IRP)

4.5MGD 2.7MGD 0.9MGD

Burbank Water and Power Debell Golf Course

8.1MGD BWRP

Activity Type

Popularity

Location

Kayking

welcomed by sports lovers

11 miles stretch between Union Station

9MGD

Images

Glendale Power Plant

5.1MGD

<0.9MGD

2.4 miles streth Sepulveda Basin

LAGWRP

18MGD

<12.9MGD

6 Miles Soft Bottom Glendale Narrows

Future Plan for Los Angeles River Sewage Water (IRP) 6 inches minimum depth

13.4MGD

Glendale Narrows Elysian Valley Bike Path

Groundwater Recharge 70.8

MGD

96.7

MGD

13.4MGD Groundwater Recharge

DCTWRP

DCTWRP

73MGD

73MGD

+9MGD

+9

MGD

Legally Mandated Minimum

For baseline habitat preservation Tertiary Treatment

Flexible Water

Tertiary Treatment

Water shortage for drought Expanded water need

LAGWRP

30MGD

+12MGD minimum

20MGD Tertiary Treatment

32.6MGD

Flexible Water Uses

Ground water recharge

River habitat preservation

Recreation use

Tertiary Treatment 24.9MGD

Spreading grounds in San Fernando Valley

Sepulveda Basin

Glendale Narrows

Shiqi Huang

maximum

Reference

Groundwater Replenishment Master Planning Report DCTWRP IRP, Section 2, Description of IRP Facilities Plan Components and EIR Alternatives LAGWRP IRP, Section 3, Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation, 3.11 Hydrology and Water Quality BWRP LA Sewers. http://www.lacitysan.org/LASewers/treatment_plants/about/index.htm HTP Los Angeles River. http://thelariver.com/about/water-quality/ Characterization of water quality in the Los Angeles River. ftp://ftp.sccwrp.org/pub/ download/DOCUMENTS/AnnualReports/2001_02AnnualReport/08_ar08-drew.pdf Wastewater Treatment Requirements. http://www.lacsd.org/civica/filebank/ blobdload.asp?BlobID=3325

Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant Los Angeles - Glendale Water Reclamation Plant Burbank Water Reclamtion Plant Hyperion Treatment Plant

Water Quality Title 22:

78.4MGD

Los Angeles River Sewage Water and Open Space by Shiqi Huang Flexible Water Uses

23 Ground water recharge

River habitat preservation

Hui

Yu Hui

Background Research Boards: Wastewater Group

Los Angeles River Sewage Water and Open Space

Los Angeles River Sewage Water and Open Space

Los Angeles Sewage Water and Open Space by Qiong Peng 24

13

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25

Student Project List 1. Distributed, Downstream Water Recycling via the LA River Downtown Los Angeles In-Channel Water Diversion and Recreation Island for Downstream Advanced Water Treatment

by Qiong Peng 2. River Kayaking Futures with Smart River Flow Management Glendale Narrows Waterwise Enhanced Kayaking Course

by Yu Hui 3. LA River Stormwater Outfall Treatment Systems Modular In-Channel Dry Weather Water Treatment Terrace Park

by Jingwen Zhu 4. River Confluences Water Quality Interventions Confluence Dry-Weather Treatment Monument

by Bingqing Gu 5. Multi-Purpose LA River-Integrated Reclaimed Water Wetland Treatment LA River Integrated Lake Balboa Retrofit in Sepulveda Basin

by Shiqi Huang 6. Enhanced Sub-Watershed Hydraulic Urbanism Adaptive Municipal Park Water Quality and Resource Retrofit

by Wei Du 7. Programmed Wetland Park Integrated Advanced Water Treatment Sepulveda Basin Advanced Water Treatment Wetland Park

by Yannan Zhai

26

Student Final Project Boards System Proposal and Detailed Design Component

Introduction

27

Student Final Boards: Project #1

#1

24

28

Distributed, Downstream Water Recycling via the LA River by Qiong Peng DowntownLet Los it Angeles In-Channel Water Diversion Recreation Island for Downstream Advanced Water Treatment flow: Los Angeles RiverandIntegrated Water Recycling

Qiong Peng

Student Final Boards: Project #1

#1

Distributed, Downstream Water Recycling via the LA River by Qiong Peng Downtown Los Angeles In-Channel Water Diversion and Recreation Island for Downstream Advanced Water Treatment

Qiong Peng

Let it flow: Los Angeles River Integrated Water Recycling

29

25

Student Final Boards: Project #2

#2

30

20

River Kayaking Futures with Smart River Flow Management by Yu Hui

Glendale Narrows Enhanced Kayaking Course with less water Smart Recreation in Los Angeles River:Waterwise providing more activities

Yu Hui

Student Final Boards: Project #2

#2

Yu Hui

River Kayaking Futures with Smart River Flow Management by Yu Hui Waterwise Enhanced Kayaking Course Smart RecreationGlendale in LosNarrows Angeles River: providing more activities with less water

31

21

Student Final Boards: Project #3

#3

32

16

LA River Stormwater Outfall Treatment Systems by Jingwen Zhu Modular In-Channel Dry Weather Water Treatment Terrace Park

Water Treatment Proposal for Outfall Surroundings in ARBOR Area

Jingwen Zhu

Student Final Boards: Project #3

#3

Jingwen Zhu

LA River Stormwater Outfall Treatment Systems by Jingwen Zhu Modular In-Channel Dry Weather Water Treatment Terrace Park

Water Treatment Proposal for Outfall Surroundings in ARBOR Area

33

17

Student Final Boards: Project #4

#4

34

22

River Confluences Water Quality Interventions by Bingqing Gu

Applying IRP Treatments to Confluence Dry andDry-Weather Wet Weather Flows TreatmentConfluence Monument

Bingqing Gu

Student Final Boards: Project #4

#4

Bingqing Gu

River Confluences Water Quality Interventions by Bingqing Gu

ApplyingConfluence IRP Treatments Dry and Wet Weather Confluence Flows Dry-Weather to Treatment Monument

35

23

Student Final Boards: Project #5

#5

36

26

Multi-Purpose LA River-Integrated Reclaimed Water Wetland Treatment by Shiqi Huang LA RiverRiver: Integrated Lake Balboaand Retrofit in Sepulveda Basin Reconnecting Isolated Los Angeles Riverside Water Resources Management

Shiqi Huang

Student Final Boards: Project #5

#5

Shiqi Huang

Multi-Purpose LA River-Integrated Reclaimed Water Wetland Treatment by Shiqi Huang LA River Lake Balboa Riverside Retrofit in Sepulveda Basin Reconnecting Isolated Los Integrated Angeles River: and Water Resources Management

37

27

Student Final Boards: Project #6

#6

18

38

Enhanced Sub-Watershed Hydraulic Urbanism by Wei Du

Integration: Sub Watershed Adaptive Municipal Park WaterWater Quality & andBonus Resource Value Retrofit

Wei Du

Student Final Boards: Project #6

#6

Wei Du

Enhanced Sub-Watershed Hydraulic Urbanism by Wei Du Interweaving: Treatments &Retrofit Open Space Adaptive Municipal ParkWater Water Quality and Resource

39

19

Student Final Boards: Project #7

#7

40

28

Programmed Wetland Park Integrated Advanced Water Treatment by Yannan Zhai

Wetland Infrastructure: Water Recycling with a Wetland ParkPark in Sepulveda Basin Sepulveda Basin Advanced Water Treatment Wetland

Yannan Zhai

Student Final Boards: Project #7

#7

Yannan Zhai

Programmed Wetland Park Integrated Advanced Water Treatment by Yannan Zhai Wetland Infrastructure: Recycling with aWetland Wetland Sepulveda Water Basin Advanced Water Treatment Park Park in Sepulveda Basin

41

29

#1

1 Distributed, Downstream Water Recycling via the LA River by Qiong Peng Downtown Los Angeles In-Channel Water Diversion and Recreation Island for Downstream Advanced Water Treatment

#2

2 River Kayaking Futures with Smart River Flow Management by Yu Hui Glendale Narrows Waterwise Enhanced Kayaking Course 42

Appendix: Final Project Model Photos

32

#3

3 LA River Stormwater Outfall Treatment Systems by Jingwen Zhu Modular In-Channel Dry Weather Water Treatment Terrace Park

#4

4 River Confluences Water Quality Interventions by Bingqing Gu Confluence Dry-Weather Treatment Monument

33 Appendix: Final Project Model Photos

43

#5 Appendix: Final Project Model Photos

5 Multi-Purpose LA River-Integrated Reclaimed Water Wetland Treatment by Shiqi Huang LA River Integrated Lake Balboa Retrofit in Sepulveda Basin

35 44

Appendix: Final Project Model Photos

#6

6 Enhanced Sub-Watershed Hydraulic Urbanism by Wei Du Adaptive Municipal Park Water Quality and Resource Retrofit

#7

32

7 Programmed Wetland Park Integrated Advanced Water Treatment by Yannan Zhai Sepulveda Basin Advanced Water Treatment Wetland Park

34

Appendix: Final Project Model Photos

45