A I R
F L O W
PARAMETRIC URBANISM
Maria Esther Ventosa Torres Maria Fernanda Sanudo Morales Norma Leticia Galvan Villarreal Tutor: Alejandro Rodriguez
“Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.“ ALBERT EINSTEIN.
C O N T E N T s A. CASE FOR INNOVATION Introduction Site Analysis Research B. DESIGN APPROACH Wind Tunnel Analysis Site Parameters C. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT Algorithm Iterations d. final proposal Urban Proposal Program Typology Circulations Main Components Sustainability e. Conclusion
a.
c a s e f o r i n n o v a t i o n
D E S I G N
I N T E N T I O N S
Create a mixed-use recreational space that aims to unify and integrate contrasting sites through an attractive program for students and reignite the university area of Tecnol贸gico de Monterrey.
C O N C E P T AIR FLOW is an urban and architectural design project to improve the Tec comunity in Monterrey, N. L, M茅xico. Due to the extreme weather, the main purpose of the project is to integrate the area by creating microclimates at a urban and individual level, with the main objective of creating a confort zone for the users. Through the Wind Tunnel Analysis, we studied the behavior of the winds in the site in order to manipulate its direction to our favor.
After an extensive analysis, it was concluded that what was an area of life and security, is currently unsafe, uncomfortable, visually unappealing, and most importantly: no pedestrian sidewalks.
S i t e
A N A L Y S I S
Area of intervention Prevailing winds (SE) Sun path
s w o t
r e s e a r c h
1 2
WHAT IS AERODYNAMICS? AERODYNAMICS is the study of forces and motion of air, particularly when it interacts with solid objects.
basics
around a body moving through it. Initially the air is undisturbed and as it passes through a mass, it divides to the left and right (e.g., a bicycle) , or above and below (e.g., an airplane wing), forcing its way through. The air presses on the body as the body forces its way through, and the component of this pressure that faces aft is called pressure drag.
3
shape
The shape of an object affects the resistance of the air, so when we talk about an “aerodynamic shape� is a form that As seen in the chart above, the different shapes, having all the same frontal area, show different effects on drag. For example, a round shape has roughly 24 times the drag of a TrueAero shape of the same frontal area. so,
r e s e a r c h
Laminar Flow
4
flow
Turbulent Flow
-
5
variables to consider
Aerodynamic force arises because of two causes: The normal force due to the pressure on the surface of the body. The shear force due to the viscosity of the gas, also known as skin friction. The net aerodynamic force over the body is given as a result to the pressure and shear forces integrated over the total exposed area of the body.
When an airfoil (or a wing) is moving relative to the air it generates an aerodynamic force, in a rearward direction at an angle with the direction of relative motion. This aerodynamic force is commonly resolved into two components: drag is the force component parallel to the direction of relative motion, lift is the force component perpendicular to the direction of relative motion. IIn addition to these two forces, the body may experience an aerodynamic moment also, the value of which depends on the point chosen for calculation.
6
angle of attack angle of attack
-8ยบ
The critical angle of attack is the angle which low the critical angle, as the angle of attack At the same time, above the critical angle of attack, as angle of attack increases,
angle of attack
+4ยบ
angle of attack
+10ยบ
the upper surface of the airfoil and begins to separate from the upper surface. The angle of attack must not exceed 45ยบ.
7
r e s e a r c h bernoulli s principle is an important principle involving the -
decreased preassure
decreased PRESSURE preassure
b.
d e s i g n a p p r o a c h
w i n d t u n n e l a n a l y s i s Bsh- Semiarid Rainfall is between 50% and 100% of the average annual temperature multiplied by twenty four. Vegetation is scarce. Known in some regions as dry Mediterranean, in many cases, a transitional climate between Csa (Mediterranean)
spring
summer
autumn
winter
june
25 -30 m/s 15-20 m/s 10-15 m/s 5 m/s
Monterrey is known for its hot weather in summer reaching 40 째C (104 째F) or more for its three consecutive months of unbereable climate, being one of the warmest major cities in Mexico.
As a result of this weather condition and the lack of confort places where the citizens can hang out and have a pleasant time. We took this analysis as our starting point for the parametric design process for a multisuse recreational space.
21st march
25 -30 m/s 15-20 m/s 10-15 m/s 5 m/s
s i t e
p a r a m e t e r s pressure When the wind acts on a surface, generates pressure that varies in velocity and direction.
WIND TUNNEL
Vasari
wind parameters
Less 45ยบ for wind direction
SPEED
Pressure acting on a surface perpendicular to it.
IMPACT
Leeward: toward which the wind is blowing Windward: facing the wind The impact force in the front and back of the body reacts with a relation of 1:6, being the frontal area the most affected.
MORE wind
impact
MORE impact
LESS impact
MORE momentum
LESS momentum
MORE height
MORE wind
pressure
deformation
LESS wind
MORE pressure
LESS height
LESS wind LESS presurre
MORE heght
LESS height
MORE wind
LESS wind
MORE impact
LESS impact
MORE distortion
LESS distortion
c.
p r o j e c t d e v e l o p m e n t
A L G O R I T H M In order to develop a project which is capable of creating microclimates at an urban and human scale, the following 6 steps were taken for the creation of a mix use development.
1 2
6
25 m/s, red at 15-20 m/s, purple at 10 -15 m/s and blue at 5-10 m/s. T The speed of the wind is comfortable for any user at 25 m/s, so we took this speed as the lower height to create open spaces, yellow zones, and the blue zones as the maximum elevation possible. To split the 3 great masses, points of the regions with greater comfort are taken and joined by lines. The lines that go across the volumes in the same angle as the wind (156 ยบ and of the shorter lenght) are taken to split the volumes. into yellow.
3 4 5 6
According to the direction of the wind surrounding the volumes, windward and leeward, we create a deformation in every volume that reacts to its own conditions (wind optimization). This way the
Mass are split by zones: leaving 2 levels to commercial area and 2, 3, 4 to residential depending on the height of the building. The bodies are split again in order to increase the aumount of natural ventilation inside the building, by positioning the central opening of the building in the same direction of the angle.of incidence of the wind. signed for the project.
1
3
4
2
5
6
i t e r a t i o n s Mass was placed in the zones where the speed of the air was higher in order to
The bodies were split by an angle of 156ยบ, which represent the direction of the wind.
Due to the big scale and to avoid having a closed volume, they were splitted again in relationship to the orientation of the wind.
Ramps and talus were used to integrate the site with the context.
d.
f i n a l p r o p o s a l
u r b a n
p r o p o s a l
p r o g r a m
BUS STATION Comercial Area: restaurants, merchandise stores and supplies, exhibition galleries. Residential Area: apartments for students and young families. Green areas Undergound parking Bicycle path
T Y P O L O G Y Residental Commerce Wind
floor plans
bus station
65% mass 35% green areas Apartments - 150-250m2 Commercial premises - 25-30m2
Apartment plan
comercial plan
CIRCULATIONS MAIN ROADS
PARKING LOT ENTRIES
AIR FLOW DIRECTION
structure-beams with a circumain structural element) roof-precasted concrete roof mullions-horizontal elements that form the division between window units glass-high performance windows for residential area slabs- concrete slabs for residential area Glass- high performance windows for commercial area ramps and talus- main element for integration of buildings with the site Horizontal circulation- prebetween buildings and context
Piezoelectric floor- path that generates electrical energy from mechanical pressure. Parking- two levels of underground parking
M A I N C O M P O N E N T S
Structure Structural Elements:
structural wall DIMENSION: 20 cm
circular beam of steel DIAMETER= 60 cm steel beam HEIGHT= 50 cm
Isolated footings DIMENSIONS: 4 X 4 M HEIGHT: depends on the soil properties
Due to the structural framework created between the circular beams able to support itself.
1
S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y cross ventilation
air enters on one side of the building, and leaves on the opposite side.
Low Zero
running energy
costs
consumption
Low maintenance probably lower initial
and cost.
Ventilation in buildings has three main purposes:
3. To provide perceptible air movement to enhance
1.1
reflecting pool
key points
Wind speed and direction is very variable. ventilation rates and the wide range of wind speeds. The more the opening area is distributed, the more likely it is that there will be a pressure difference between openings to drive the For cross-ventilation, bear in mind that the leeward space will have air that has picked up heat or pollution from the windward space. This may limit the depth of plan for cross-ventilation.
In the project cross ventilation is applied, by 2 systems, which are used according to the facades relationship to the entrance of the wind. The windows arrangement was done according to the main principle of hot and cold Air: Cold air= goes down Hot air= goes up Entrance window = low Exit window = High
1.
If the entrance of the wind is from the inner part of the building the following windows are used.
IN OUT
2.
If the entrance of the wind is from the outer part of the building the following windows are used.
OUT IN
2
high performance windows
High-performance windows can greatly reduce energy consumption and, thus, heating and cooling costs. Multiple glazing space in the middle, insulate much better than a single pane of glass. impact resistance, and sound insulation. low-e glass Keeping heat inside in winter and damaging ultraviolet light, which helps protect interior furnishings from fading. Gas Fills have argon, krypton, or other gases between the panes. These odorless, non-toxic gases insulate. Warm Edge Spacers panes the correct distance apart.
3
piezoelectric floors
Piezoelectricity is electrical energy produced from mechanical pressure (including motions such as walking). When pressure is applied to an object, a negative charge is produced on the expanded side and a positive charge on the compressed side. Once the
verted to an electrical charge, then stored and used as a power source. One footstep can only provide enough electrical current to light two 60watt bulbs for one second, but the greater the number of people walking
cylce path and the two levels of underground parking, in order to reduce the amount of energy use for electrical systems.
e.
c o n c l u s i o n
After an extensive analysis and study of the winds, we dare to say our project is successful because our main objective, creating interior and exterior microclimates, was accomplished. blue areas became red or yellow meaning a good change of wind speed at a urban level and gives the residents and visitors a pleaseant time. before
after
Thus the following was concluded: The wind must not be blocked, should
The wind does not bounce, is redirected.
AIR FLOW mixed-use buildings, integrate, relate, and provides life to the university area of the Tec de Monterrey.
09/12/13