



Acoustic navigation is the most commonly utilized method for underwater navigation and positioning. Depending on deployment, it can be categorized into long-baseline systems (LBL), short-baseline systems (SBL), and ultra-short-baseline systems (USBL).
This technique determines the relative positions of underwater vehicles by using deployed baseline transponders as reference points and calculating the signals from these transponders.
Acoustic navigation is extensively used in defense and navy operations. Currently, LBL and USBL systems are the most commercially used.
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