The Institute for the Advancement of Historical Black Colleges and Universities Volume 2

The Institute for the Advancement of Historical Black Colleges and Universities Volume II

The Institute for the Advancement of Historical Black Colleges and Universities Volume II

Aaron deRoux Arch 576: Architectural Programing David Chasco

Table Contents Chapter 1 - The Site - Community - Local Institution

- Connections and Adjacency

Chapter 2 - Environment Chapter 3 - Concepts

Overview Located in the heart of charm city otherwise known as Baltimore, Maryland, the “Institute for the Advancement of Historically Black Colleges and Universities” (HBCU) aims to inform and enlighten a community and nation about the history and triumph many HBCUs have faced since their conception in 1837. Placed on the parcel of land between N Wolfe St, Sinclair Ln and St Lo Dr, the urban context in which the building will be located is home to a vast array of cultural arts, from visual artists, culinary and musicians. The city is home to many higher educational institutes such as Morgan State University and Coppin State University which are amongst the most prominent HBCUs in the country. Baltimore’s pleasant weather, historical physical context and the gorgeous harbor make it an ideal destination for the site and its theme creating a welcoming environment for both researchers and visitors.

The institute is designed as a hybrid between an exhibition space and associations headquarters. The gallery spaces and pathways act as a way to transport a visitor through both history and the experiences many students are currently undertaking now at HBCUs across the country. The center of the building will be designated a sacred space paying homage to great alumni that have made an impact on the world representing their alumni mater. The facility will be able to house both researchers and a special guest that are exploring the meaning and the historical impact the HBCUs have had on the globe.

Looking more in-depth into the site between N Wolfe St, Sinclair Ln and St Lo Dr, we can see sites potential to explore the design issues. Sprawling urban context, proximity to other educational institutes, and land availability allow for the design to express its importance within today’s society, and with the overall theme of an institute. The institute will be able to enlighten those that come through its doors, such as the 4 local schools ranging from pre-K- 12th and residents. The Local Churches, and colleges and the National Great Blacks in Wax Museum allow this location to be a potential anchor within the city. To the north of the site are public green spaces, which could be used to host off-campus events and accommodate a large population.

Chapter 1 - Site

Baltimore is the most populous city in the U.S.. state of Maryland, as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States. Baltimore - the colorful, diverse city that is Maryland’s largest city and economic hub, is known for its beautiful harbor; quirky, distinct neighborhoods; unique museums and the world-renowned Johns Hopkins Hospital to the east and the University of Maryland Medical Center to the west. With the rich history the city boasts however, it’s amazing that Baltimore hasn’t been deemed one of America’s greatest historical destinations.

Named for Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert) in the Irish House of Lords, Baltimore settled in the early 17th century. The waterfront, surrounded with shops, restaurants and attractions that lure tourists and residents today, made Baltimore a hub for tobacco trade with England in its earliest days. By the 18th century, Baltimore had also become a granary for sugar-producing colonies in the Caribbean.

The Institute for the Advancement of Historical Black Colleges and Universities will be located in Baltimore, Maryland. Located in the western district of the city along N Wolfe St, Sinclair Ln and St Lo Dr, one can begin to see the potential this site holds. Located near to two prominent HBCUs, Morgan State University and Coppin State University, relations between the institution and universities can be developed even stronger due to close proximity.

Looking more in-depth, we see the potential to explore the design outside of its boundaries.

The Sprawling urban context, proximity to the downtown district, and land availability allow for the design to be express its importance within today’s society, and with the overall theme of an institute Characteristics of the site -210,120 sqft -Close proximity to downtown -Close proximity to higher education institutes -Within Residential neighborhood -Adjacent community center -Open green space -Seasonal climate

Chapter 1 - Community The Institute for the Advancement of Historical Black Colleges and Universities will be located between Darley park and South Clifton Park

Darley Park is a neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland with a population of 1,194. Darley Park is in Baltimore City County. Living in Darley Park offers residents an urban suburban mix feel and most residents own their homes. In Darley Park there are a lot of bars and parks.

Walk Score

Bike Score

Tran Score

70

49

60 Legend Food Gas Entertainment Green Space Government Religious Education

South Clifton Park is a neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland with a population of 726. South Clifton Park is in Baltimore City County. Living in South Clifton Park offers residents an urban suburban mix feel and most residents rent their homes.

Many families live in South Clifton Park

Walk Score

Bike Score

Tran Score

72

51

61

Legend Food Gas Entertainment Green Space Government Religious Education

Chapter 1 - Local Institution Morgan State University Morgan State University is a public historically black research university located in Baltimore, Maryland. It is the largest historically black university. In 1867, the university was known as the Centenary Biblical Institute, and the name change came in 1890 to honor Reverend Lyttleton Morgan to become Morgan college, the first chairman of its board of trustees and a land donor to the college. It became a university in 1975.

Since its beginnings as a public campus, Morgan was open to students of all races. By the time it became a public campus, the College had become a relatively comprehensive institution. Until the mid-1960s, when the state’s teachers colleges began their transition to liberal arts campuses, Morgan and the University of Maryland College Park were the only two public campuses in the state with comprehensive missions.

Earl S. Richardson Library Architect - Sasaki The facility furnishes access to all of the Library’s holdings, showcases the University’s valuable special collection of African American manuscripts and memorabilia, and supports the quality of life for students, faculty and staff.

Center for the Built Environment and Infrastructure Studies (CBEIS) Architect - HCM A place of collaborative learning and research for the School of Architecture and Planning, the Department of Civil Engineering, and the Institute of Transportation Studies.

Morgan Business Center Architect - Ayers Saint Gross Home to the Earl G. Graves School of Business and Management. Situated on a historically significant site that was the location of student protests during the Civil Rights Movement.

Calvin & Tina Tyler Hall Architect - GWWO The Calvin & Tina Tyler Hall will serve as the new ‘front door’ to Morgan State University graciously welcoming students, visitors, prospective students, and their families.

Proximity from Site

Morgan State University

Total Distance : 2 miles

Current Site

Thoughts & Considerations Looking into the placement of the site and its relation to the university, we can see that Morgan state university will become a prominent anchor in tangent with the institute of HBCU advancement, developing an educational pipeline thought east Baltimore and surrounding schools . When dissecting the urban fabric, we see the distance is walkable for those of who are of the able- body. The public transit system is along the main road (Harford Rd), going along a north/south axis, which gives access to the site.

With the development of the project, a recommendation for a new bus stop along the MTA 54 line can be proposed to give direct access to public transit.

Coppin State University Coppin State University is a urban, residential liberal arts university located in the northwest section of the City of Baltimore that provides academic programs in the arts and sciences, teacher education, nursing, graduate studies, and continuing education. An HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities), Coppin has a rich history as an institution providing quality educational programs and community outreach services. Coppin offers 53 majors and nine graduate-degree programs.

Founded in 1900 at what was then called Colored High School, it changed it name to Fanny Jackson Coppin Normal School in honor of the African-American woman who was a pioneer in teacher education Franny Coppin. It later became a college in 1938 with the extension of its curriculum to 4 years

Physical Education Complex Architect - HCM The crown jewel of Coppin State’s athletic department .The 4,100-seat arena is the most proinmat feature of the new complex. It also includes a 2-court gymnasium, group exercise rooms, a dance studio, weight lifting and cardio equipment, racquetball courts, classrooms, offices, trade shops, a soccer field, a 400-meter track, a softball field and tennis courts.

Science and Technology Center Architect - CannonDesign The center opens up the campus to the surrounding Baltimore neighborhood, to emphatically mark its presence with an open quadrangle. IT was designed to meet today’s needs for high-demand STEM career fields, but it is also designed to attract and retain more current and prospective students with the programs offered there

Health & Human Services Building Architect - Design Collective Designed to promote the University’s commitment to the struggling community by virtue of its expansive clinical and community outreach programs within the HHSB, and to establish a signature building for the new South Campus.

Grace Jacobs Building Architect - Design Collective This facility houses the Division of Education, Arts and Sciences, Nursing, Social Science, Criminal Justice, Languages, Literature, Philosophy, History, Geography, and International Studies..

Proximity from Site

Coppin State University

Total Distance : 3.7 miles

Current Site

Thoughts & Considerations Looking at Coppin state university, we can see it would be the furthermost higher education institute from the site. The weakness is that those who rely on public transport will have a harder time getting to the site due to the increased distance. A strength behind this placement is that the campus acts as a focal point in west Baltimore. Within the urban fabric between the site and Coppin, we see the two major roads connect east and west. Route 40, which acts as an expressway and E 25th St which is the pedestrian/ commercial avenue.

Chapter 2

Understanding the Site

Placed on the parcel of land between N Wolfe St, Sinclair Ln and St Lo Dr, the urban context in which the building will be located is home to a vast array of cultural arts, from visual artists, culinary and musicians. The city is home to many higher educational institutes such as Morgan State University and Coppin State University which are amongst the most prominent HBCUs in the country

The site’s circulation is determined by a series of primary and secondary streets, with the primary on the east axis (St Lord Dr) and secondary along the south and west axis (N Wolf St/ Sinclair Ln).

The site is surrounded by residential zoning along the secondary streets and commercial/ green along the primary streets.

Looking into the ordinance of the city, we can see that this project type falls under the classification of C-3( Art Gallery/ Cultural Center) Setback regulations required are :

Understanding the Site

Baltimore is a very progressive city in the aspect of the building, optimizing and capitalizing energy use and building efficiency. One significant initiative is the use of passive solar energy.

The Maryland state General Assembly had passed a bill that requires requiring utilities in the state to subsidize solar and wind farms.

Looking into the strengths of Baltimore and the site, we see solar power is 100% clean and abundant as a viable energy source. Since many older buildings have a reliance on oil, coal, and natural gas for electricity production, these fossil fuels produce harmful emissions that affect the quality of air, water, and soil, and are responsible for global warming. It’s estimated that by 2065, the Earth will lose more species of plants and animals to extinction than in the previous 65 million years combined. With the HBCU institute, a focus on solar gain long the south and east facades based upon the sun’s yearly positional change.

Finally, in the aspect of wind, due to Baltimore’s proximity to the Atlantic ocean and Chesapeake bay, there is the opportunity to use the natural airflow to help with heating and cooling passively. To achieve such a goal, the use of either a dynamic facade or double skin system can that capitalizes on the east to west direction.

N

Azimuth Diagrams

330

10° 20° 30° 40°

30

50°

300

60

60° 70° 80°

Winter Solstice

W

E

240

120

150

210 S

Sun-Path Diagram - Latitude: 39.167 21 DEC 12:00, ALT = 27.39, AZM = 178.73

N 330

30

10° 20° 30° 40° 50°

300

60

60° 70°

Summer Solstice

80° W

E

240

120

210

150 S

Sun-Path Diagram - Latitude: 39.167 21 JUN 12:00, ALT = 74.16, AZM = 172.78

N 330

30

10° 20° 30° 40° 50°

300

60

60° 70°

Vernal Equinox

80° W

E

240

120

150

210 S

Sun-Path Diagram - Latitude: 39.167 21 MAR 12:00, ALT = 51.11, AZM = 174.49

N 330

10° 20° 30° 40°

30

50°

300

60

60°

Autumnal Equinox

70° 80° W

E

240

120

150

210 S

Sun-Path Diagram - Latitude: 39.167 21 DEC 12:00, ALT = 27.39, AZM = 178.73

N

NNW

m/s

NNE

15.40 NW

NE

13.86

WNW

12.32

ENE

10.78 W

Wind Direction

9.24

E

WSW

7.70 6.16

ESE

4.62 3.08

SE

SW SSW

1.54

SSE

S Wind-Rose _Baltimore-Washington Intl Marshall AP_MD_USA 1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00 Hourly Data: Wind Speed (m/s) Calm for 4.49% of the time = 393 hours.

Each closed polyline shows frequency of 1.5%. = 130 hours.

330

340

350

N

10

20

30

320

kWh/m2

40

1682.76

50

310 300

1541.79

60

290

Solar Radiation Dispersion

1400.81

70 80

280

E

W 260

100

250

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240

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160 170 S Radiation Calla Dome (kWh/m2) _Baltimore_Washington_Intl_Marshall_AP_MD_USA_1980 1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00 200

0.00

190

1259.84 1118.87 977.89 836.92 695.95 554.97 414.00 273.03

Solar Radiation

330 320

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350 N

10

20

30

40 60

290

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280

E

W 260

100 110

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230 220 210

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kWh/m2

612.71

612.71

806.20

70

240

kWh/m2

1007.75 906.98

50

300

kWh/m2

160 190 S 170 Total Radiation(kWh/m2) _Baltimore_Washington_Intl_Marshall_AP_MD_USA_1980 1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00

705.43 604.65 503.88 403.10 302.33 201.55

350N 10 20 340 330 30 320 40 310 50 300 60 290 70 280 80 E W 260 100 110 250 240 120 230 130 140 220 150 210 200 160 190S 170

551.43 490.16 428.89 367.62 306.35 245.08 183.81 122.54

350N 10 20 340 30 330 40 320 310 50 300 60 290 70 280 80 E W 100 260 250 110 240 120 230 130 140 220 210 150 160 200 190S 170

551.43 490.16 428.89 367.62 306.35 245.08 183.81 122.54

100.78

61.27

61.27

0.00

0.00

0.00

Diffuse Radiation(kWh/m2) _Baltimore_Washington_Intl_Marshall_AP_MD_USA_1980 1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00

Direct Radiation(kWh/m2) _Baltimore_Washington_Intl_Marshall_AP_MD_USA_1980 1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00

Concept 1 - Campus Layout /African tree of knowledge

P

M

Research Building / Administration Museum RI

Community Center / Library

G/P

Plaza/ Green Space C/L

Parking M

C/L

Parking

Research Building / Administration

Museum

Public Plaza/ Green Space

Community Center / Library

The Tree

The baobab tree is an icon of the African continent. It lies at the heart of many traditional African remedies and folklore.

The baobab is a prehistoric species that predates both mankind and the splitting of the continents over 200 million years ago. Native to the African Savannah where the climate is extremely dry and arid, it is a symbol of life and positivity in a landscape where little else can thrive. Over time, the Baobab has adapted to its environment.

Thanks to its fruit being able to survive the harsh desert environment and still provide a nutrient-dense interior epically during the dry season. It has gone on to be known as “The Tree of Life�.

The Campus

Given the role of universities in the progression of societies, creating sustainable social spaces. The aspect of a campus layout has become more prominent, allowing for the increase in an all-inclusive environment.

Studies on campus planning, campus sustainability, and urban design have shown that thanks to the proximity and layout of buildings, the user experience can be improved, collaboration is introduced, and the opportunity to engage in either an educational or physical activity is present thanks to the negative space between buildings. This relationship can differ due to region, but this can be attributed to aspects such as culture, history, climate

Campus Initiative

The over all layout has the hierarchy directed towards the main structure, with supporting building along the west and south

Massing

The masses are arranged based upon a traditional beaux-arts layout having massings configured around an ample open space, which will act as the central social hub for visitors, users, and locals.

To create a sense of hierarchy. On the northern axis, the mass is extruded to a higher elevation to be the more predominant and create a visual connection within the campus and surrounding context. On the west and south axis lie massings that are subtle in form relatable to the residential scale.

Green Space

Within the center of the campus holds the central plaza with integrated landscaping. This plaza will open as a hub for social activities and public gatherings. Having the main point of access along the main road allows for open circulation in and out of the area and develop a pipeline with other existing green spaces.

Pedestrian Entry/Circulation

With the introduction of the program, the current site, circulation is controlled through the entering via the parking lot or of the main street. With this, a user either engages with the primary exterior plaza or HBCU museum.

Vehicular Circulation

Looking into the circulation of vehicular traffic, establishing parking lot along the northern axis both help control vehicular movement away from residential zones and helps create a buffer in synergy with the existing tree line against the train tracks

Callback to Nature The shapes of trees are intricate and fractal-like, and they have a set of physical, mechanical, and biological functions. The relationship between them and the environment has always drawn the attention of human beings throughout history and, focusing on the relationship between shape and structural strength. Many architects, artist, and crafters have designed many tree-like structures, referred to as dendriforms

To achieve a complex form, the use of algorithms-aided design technology such as grasshopper will become prevalent in the process.

Concept 2 - Circular motion

M

Research institute A

P

Administration Museum

RI G/P

Community Center / Library

Second Level

Plaza/ Green Space

C/L

Parking

Ground Level

M

RI C/L

C/L

Parking

P Museum

Public Plaza/ Green Space

Research Building / Administration

C/L

A

The Motion

Within the realm of physics, circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path. It can be uniform, with a constant angular rate of rotation and constant speed, or non-uniform with a changing rate of rotation. The rotation around a fixed axis of a three-dimensional body involves circular motion of its parts. The equations of motion describe the movement of the center of mass of a body.

The Rise

Coming for the theory of Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier. His manifesto of architectural principles, “Five Points of Architecture. Pilotis are columns, pillars, or stilts that elevate a building above ground or water. The implementation of the pilotis allows for the freeing up for the ground plane, which would otherwise be occupied by internal walls and corridors. With introduction Parking, pedestrian pathways, and green spaces have historically been occupants of these spaces.

Singular Initiative

The concept is an all-enclosed structure that sits at the center of the site. Using the method of circular motion to move the user through the different spaces such that museum, research labs and community center Being elevated by the use of pilotis, freeing up the ground plane for a public courtyard.

Massing

A significant mass is introduced to establish location and placement of the program. Located on the center of the site, vehicular circulation is placed on the northern edge towards the tree line creating a buffer from both the train line and park

Green Space

A portion of an inner mass is removed to both introduce natural light into the inner layer of the building and create a centralized courtyard for greenery and recitation.

Pedestrian Entry/Circulation

A subtraction from both the upper and lower introduces forms to programmed spaces and creates views to both the neighborhood and park. On the top level, the museum and admission zones. On the lower level containing the community center and research labs.

With this subtraction, the ground plane becomes freed along the north, west, and east axis.

Pilotis

With the introduction of the pilotis to support the structural load of the building. With this, the building will be raised off the ground plane, freeing it up for green spaces and public engagement. With this new nature, an all-inclusive entry will be added and achieved through the use of a ramp elevating user to the main body of the building

Adinkra symbols Adinkra are symbols that represent concepts or aphorisms. Adinkra are used extensively in fabrics and pottery among the Ashantis of Ashanti Kingdom and the baoules who historically migrated to Ghana.

They are incorporated into walls and other architectural features.