SRA ARRD Annual Accomplishment Report 2023

SUGAR REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION

LUZON AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER

AARD ANNUAL REPORT

Agro-Allied Research Division

Agro-Allied Research Division @agroallied RDE

T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s

Foreword

1

3 About Us

Division’s Sections Services

Management Team

SRA Sugar Board Members Team RDE AARD Organizational Structure Our Researchers

6

12 Highlights

Research Projects

Production Support Services Technical Assistance Services Trainings/Seminars/Workshops Attended Completed On-Going Newly Laid-Out Collaborations Proposals

18 Research Projects

SRA-LAREC News

44

FOREWORD

The Agro-Allied Research Division (AARD) serves as the primary research arm of the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) for advancing research and innovation, technology transfer, capacity-building, and collaborations, further influencing policy recommendations with an overall goal of sustainability. The role of SRA RD&E is to provide innovative action research programs and responsive interventions to improve productivity and efficiency amidst the challenges in which AARD is actively participating.

The AARD comprises specialized sections, each with distinct objectives and mandates The Agronomy and Soil Management Section focuses on enhancing crop productivity by researching optimized agronomic practices and soil management. The Breeding and Biotechnology Section aims to develop high-yielding and resilient crop varieties, focusing on ecological testing and utilizing available biotechnology products The Crop Protection Section mitigates crop losses by researching hostpathogen interactions and integrated pest management. Lastly, the Soils Laboratory Section ensures accurate soil analysis to support agricultural decision-making, conducting tests and providing recommendations for soil amendments to optimize crop growth Together, these sections contribute to a comprehensive and holistic approach to agricultural research and development, leading to sustainability.

Research Projects

The research projects of AARD are categorized based on two classes: The Variety Improvement and Pest Management (VIPM) projects that include routine projects, such as the Ecotest, Preliminary Yield Tests (PYT), and disease resistance screening trials, whereas the Production Technology and Crop Management (PTCM) projects include more innovative and advanced technical studies to improve yield productivity. For 2023, the AARD completed three VIPM and seven PTCM projects, with 19 ongoing projects (nine from VIPM and ten from PTCM). The researchers also laid out eight new projects, with equal projects from VIPM and PTCM It is also projected that ten more PTCM projects will be piloted in 2024 based on the research proposals presented during the 2023 RD&E National In-House Review.

Human Resource Development

The AARD is also committed to its personnel's capacity building and human resource development, as the Division recorded 41 workshops, seminars, training, conferences, and conventions attended by its researchers and staff in 2023 The events encompassed various topics, including those that were hosted by the Civil Service Commission (CSC) and the Philippine Association of Agriculturists (PAA). Moreover, the Division started exploring the technological innovations the microbiology and molecular biology disciplines offered The researchers participated in training and workshops involving biofertilizers, entomopathogens, biotechnology, molecular biology techniques, and genomic and gene editing. Hence, these activities determine the future research direction of the Division.

Soft-scale Management and Ongoing Initiatives

The quick response capacity of the AARD was also tested this year as a new insect pest entered the country and infested sugarcane fields. Morphological and molecular analysis bared the insect's identity as the red-striped soft-scale (Pulvinaria tenuivalvata), a significant pest in Egypt whose presence was limited before within the African continent. The Crop Protection Section visited the infested fields, recommended temporary control measures, and reported the unknown pest. This event triggered further collaborations with other government agencies, including the National Crop Protection Center (NCPC) and the Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) The NCPC facilitated the pest identification and detected a parasitoid that feeds on the soft scales. Hence, cultural pest control methods were favored over chemical pesticides. PhilSA further assisted in collecting spectral data for the future remote sensing of insect damages Current updates explore the insects' biology and habits, their damage progress, control measures, and remote monitoring.

Collaborative Projects

The year 2023 also posed collaborative projects for 2024. The AARD seeks to cement collaborations with NCPC, PhilSA, the University of the Philippines – Los Baños (UPLB), and the DOST-Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI), and thus conducted meetings for planning and drafting of Memorandum of Agreements (MOA). The following summarizes the project's goals:

NCPC – focuses on the quick evaluation and deliberate release of a parasitoid (Hymenoptera) to control the red-striped soft-scale PhilSA – received a request regarding satellite images; SRA seeks to formalize the deal between the two agencies for easier processing of requested data PNRI – outlines the development and implementation of a collaborative initiative within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to create a regional early-warning radiation monitoring network Agricultural Systems Institute (ASI), UPLB – centers on the transition of these Fertigroe nano fertilizers from the research and development stage to potential commercialization

Institute of Crop Science (iCrops), UPLB – focuses on evaluating the adaptability and performance of sugarcane hybrids across different environmental settings.

Renovation of the Soils Laboratory

Moreover, the AARD experienced progress in upgrading its facilities, especially with the ongoing renovation of the Soils Laboratory at SRA-LAREC. The supply of labor and materials was successfully bid out last December 2023, and the renovation project has a 120-calendar-day delivery period. However, the Soils Laboratory Section assures that soil and juice analytical services are unhampered by the ongoing renovation.

This annual report presents the 2023 accomplishments of the Agro-Allied Research Division (AARD) of the Luzon Agricultural Research and Extension Center (LAREC), Research and Development and Extension (RD&E) Luzon. It highlighted the resiliency of the Division despite the challenges as it advocates TUBO-THRIVE or Tapping into Unlimited Benefits for Thriving in the Sugarcane Industry with Enhanced Productivity as it delivered its programs and initiatives in the service of the sugarcane industry.

Raphael Henri B. Mundo Chief SRS AARD

ABOUT US

AGRO-ALLIED RESEARCH DIVISION

OVERVIEW

The Agro-Allied Research Division is a pivotal component of the LAREC station, one of the two divisions dedicated to pioneering research in the field of sugarcane. This division is further divided into four specialized sections, including Agronomy, Breeding and Biotechnology, Crop Protection, and Soils Laboratory, each playing a crucial role in advancing our understanding and enhancing the productivity of sugarcane farming and related agricultural practices.

GOAL

The Agro-Allied Research Division is committed to a tri-fold mission: first, to enhance productivity through innovative research; second, to promote the adoption of cuttingedge agricultural technologies; and third, to facilitate knowledge transfer within the agricultural community.

Division’s Sections

Breeding& Biotechnology

Our primary focus is harnessing the power of genetic improvement and innovative biotechnological approaches Our primary goal is to evaluate superior varieties, capable of thriving in diverse environments and to both abiotic and biotic stress factors Through advanced biotechnological methods, we aim to drive sugarcane agriculture into a future characterizedbyresilienceandhigheryields

Agronomy&Soil Management

Our dedicated team works tirelessly to develop sustainable and efficient agronomic strategies, along with innovative soil management techniques By harmonizing these elements, we strive to ensure not only the highest quality sugarcane crops but also the long-term health andproductivityofthesoil

CropProtection SoilsLaboratory

Our dedicated team focuses on safeguarding sugarcane crops from various pests, diseases, and environmental stressors through advanced strategies and cutting-edge solutions We're committed to developing effective and sustainable methods for pest and disease management, ensuring the resilience and productivity of sugarcane cultivation while minimizingenvironmentalimpact

Our dedicated team is devoted to analyzing soil and cane juice samples with precision and expertise By meticulously assessing soil quality and cane juice composition, we provide farmers with invaluable insights to optimize crop productivityandenhancesoilhealth

SERVICES

By offering expertise in variety selection, pest and disease management, soil and juice analysis, and training programs, we contribute to the success, sustainability, and profitability of the sugarcane industry.

Pest and Disease Identification and Control

Training Programs on Cane Production

Variety Identification

We assist farmers in identifying the most suitable sugarcane varieties for their specific regions and agricultural conditions This ensures that farmers are equipped with the right genetic material, leading to improved productivity and profitability

Our experts are well-versed in recognizing and managing pests and diseases that can potentially affect sugarcane crops Through early identification and the application of effective control measures, we help protect crops from these threats, preserving yield and quality

Soil & Juice Analysis

This information enables farmers to make informed decisions about soil management and the application of fertilizers. Additionally, our juice analysis services assess the quality and composition of cane juice, crucial for optimizing sugar production

Our training programs are designed to equip stakeholders with the latest knowledge and best practices in sugarcane production These programs cover a wide range of topics, including agronomy, crop management, and the utilization of advanced agricultural technologies, empowering individuals and communities to improve their sugarcane farming practices.

M a n a g e m e n t T e a m

IgnacioS.Santillana DeputyAdministratorII

Olalia

O u r d e d i c a t e d t e a m i s a d i v e r s e g r o u p o f e x p e r ts, r e s e a r c h e r s, a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l s w o r k i n g c o l l a b o r a t i v e ly t o d r i v e i n n o v a t i o n,

e n h a n c e p r o d u c t i v i ty , a n d e n s u r e t h e s u c c e s s o f o u r r e s e a r c h i n i t i a t i v e s i n t h e f i e l d o f A g r oa l l i e d s c i e n c e .

Our Researchers

Our researchers are a highly skilled and passionate group, committed to exploring the frontiers of agro-allied science With a profound dedication to advancing knowledge and delivering practical solutions, they tirelessly work on the ground and in the lab, conducting experiments, collecting data, and pushing the boundaries of agricultural research

Benjamin Manlapaz

Agronomist

a seasoned senior researcher and accomplished agronomist on our team, leveraging expertise and experience to drive advancements in sustainable farming practices

Nestor Guiyab

Agricultural Engineer

an adept Agricultural Engineer, plays a pivotal role in our team by applying engineering principles to optimize agricultural mechanization and irrigation facilities

Agnes Casupanan

Plant Pathologist

a seasoned Plant Pathologist, contributes her expertise to our team, specializing in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of plant diseases to bolster crop health and productivity

A dedicated plant breeder with a focus on variety evaluation, ensuring the development and selection of superior varieties

Rose Diane Locaba Soil Scientist

Jerrimae Vicente Plant Pathologist

A skilled Plant Pathologist, she played a crucial role in our team’s endeavors by identifying, managing, and preventing plant diseases, thereby safeguarding both crop health and agricultural productivity

A proficient soil science specialist, her primary focus is on optimizing soil quality By delving into the intricacies of soil composition, nutrient cycles, and microbial activity, she devises strategies to enhance fertility and overall soil health

An adept Agricultural Technologist, applies innovative agricultural technologies and practices to boost farm efficiency and crop yields

H I G H L I G H T S

SNAPSHOTS:

210VARIETIES/CLONES MAINTAINED 27.5HATOTAL EXPERIMENTAL AREA(13.5HA OUTSIDELAREC) PROJECTS:

11EXPERIMENTAL LOCATIONS

19 ON-GOING

10 COMPLETED

15 PROPOSALS

SOIL AND JUICE ANALYSIS PRODUCTION

VARIETY GARDEN

A total of 90 released or recommended Phil, VMC and PSR varieties were being maintained in the two sets of variety or clonal garden at the experimental area for various purposes The varieties were in the plant or ratoon cane

15

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE/ SERVICE TO INDUSTRY CLIENTELES/ OTHER INSTITUTIONS

Assisted in their research on sugarcane diseases

Received report of disease occurrence and identified the disease

Participated in the product presentation

Assisted in drone field test

Facilitated meeting and spectral data collection regarding soft-scales

Assisted in the site inspection for future collaborative project

Attended lecture series with the PNRI staff as guest speaker

Assisted in the inquiry on availability of canepoints

Received report of disease occurrence and identified the disease

Collaborated with for the assessment of new pest

Conducted seminar on sugarcane growing

Participated in the product presentation

Assisted in the site inspection and land prepartion of collaborative project

Attended interview sessions of students

Asissted in the image collection of red rot-infested and healthy canes

WORKSHOPS/ SEMINARS/ TRAINING/ CONFERENCES/ CONVENTIONS/ MEETINGS

There were 10 congresses, general assemblies, or forums (1 international), 3 training or workshops, and 5 as training speakers, that were relevant to the researchers’ field of expertise.

Meeting on Biofertilizer Product Presentation (June 2, 2023)

10th Philippine Association of Agriculturists (PAA) National Congress and 2023

PAA Summit (July 25-28, 2023)

37th Philippine Chemistry Congress (July 25-28, 2023)

Training on Basic Molecular Biology Techniques and Data Analysis (August 7-11, 2023)

5-day Executive Course in Agricultural Biotechnology (August 14-18, 2023)

4th Philippines National Soil Laboratory Network (Phil NASOLAN) General Assembly (November 20-22, 2023)

9th ASIAN Plant Genomic & Gene Editing Congress and the 4th Microbiome for Agriculture Congress (November 27-December 1, 2023)

69th PHILSUTECH Annual National Convention (August 22-25, 2023)

Learning Exchange on Agricultural Research (August 30-September 1, 2023)

DA-BAFS Sectoral Meeting on Crops Standards (September 26, 2023)

3rd batch of Farmers’ Training under TESDA Sugarcane Production NCII (October 1-7, 2023)

2nd Philippine Data Festival (PH Data Fest) (October 3-4, 2023)

Executive Course on Basic Entomopathogenic Fungi Identification and Mass Production (December 4-7, 2023)

2023 SRA RDE National In-House Review (December 18-22, 2023)

There were also 4 Bids and Awards Committee (BAC) Meetings, 6 bidding activities, 2 Human Resource Merit Promotion and Selection Board (HRMPSB), and 4 RDE Meetings.

BUDGET UTILIZATION

86%TOTAL BUDGET

of Sugarcane Varieties: Investigating Resistance and Susceptibility to Herbicides (2,4-D; Diuron; Glyphosate) at Germination and Tillering Stages

Lodging in Sugarcane Fields: Assessing its

Significance on Productivity and Predicting Lodging-Induced Losses

Rachel J Sarol; M V Serrano; B G Manlapaz

What is cane Lodging?

Lodging is the failure, instability, and loss of crop erectness that happens when a crop falls over from its natural upright position because its stem or roots have failed (Singh, 2002; Bonnette et al ,2005; Li et al , 2019)

The study was conducted to quantify losses and determine the influence of cane lodging on sugarcane productivity

Lodging reduces tonnage, affects juice quality and eventually cuts sugar yield!

The findings indicate that non-lodged canes consistently outperformed lodged canes

The lodging-induced bending or leaning of sugarcane stalks hampers the efficient utilization of sunlight, nutrient absorption, and overall photosynthetic activity, resulting in a reduction in sugar yield

The impact of lodging becomes more pronounced in the succeeding ratoon cane cycle

This experiment demonstrated that under sandy soil conditions, lodging is an explicit barrier to the yield potential of sugarcane varieties

Uprooted/broken roots wet soil (soften the soil; poor support for roots)

Cut/snapped stalks Dry out/dead stalks Less stool survival Growth of aerial roots

Formation of Side Shoots Induced

Rat damage- lodge cane most preferred by

Evaluation of Sugarcane Varieties:

Investigating Resistance and Susceptibility to Herbicides (2,4-D; Diuron; Glyphosate) at Germination and Tillering Stages

Rachel Sarol & Maria Vina Serrano

In an endeavor to optimize weed management practices in sugarcane cultivation while maintaining an intricate balance with overall plant health, this study undertakes a thorough screening of 90 sugarcane varieties to assess their responses to different herbicides (2,4-D; Diuron & Glyphosate) The performance of sugarcane varieties to herbicides during the germination and tillering stages indicates diverse responses to 2,4-D and Diuron. 62% and 79% of the genotypes showed resistance or no noticeable influence, indicating a high tolerance to 2-4, D in the germination and tillering stage, respectively. Moreover, most of the varieties, precisely 42% during the germination stage and 34% during the tillering stage exhibited resistance to the application of Diuron.In the initial stages of growth, sugarcane varieties typically exhibit a positive response to 2,4-D and Diuron, suggesting favorable tolerance. In contrast, Glyphosate application exhibited a consistent and pronounced impact, with none of the varieties considered resistant or slightly sensitive in germination and tillering stages The majority of the varieties were in the range of highly to severely sensitive to Glyphosate These findings highlight the importance of careful consideration when using glyphosate herbicide during the germination and tillering stage of sugarcane development

The varied responses observed in herbicide sensitivity at the germination and tillering stages emphasize the diversity among sugarcane varieties. This highlights the need for an in-depth understanding of herbicide management, considering the specific sensitivities of different varieties. Understanding the varying levels of tolerance and susceptibility among different varieties helps identify and select cultivars most suited for specific herbicides, thereby enhancing weed management effectiveness, minimizing the risk of crop damage, and ultimately improving overall yield.

“Some varieties may show susceptibility to certain herbicides while others may exhibit resistance”

Summary Score Card of Selected Sugarcane Varieties to Herbicides Sensitivity

“Sensitivity of sugarcane varieties to herbicides vary significantly during this early growth phase”

PRELIMINARYYIELDTESTOFPHIL2017 SERIESVARIETIES

MV. Serrano, H. Tangara, R. Sarol,

Breeding is an essential factor in improving sugar production The application of appropriate production inputs and good farm management might not be effective in increasing production unless the varieties adopted possess the potential for high agronomic and yield performance

Twenty-eight test clones of the Phil 2017 series varieties were evaluated for their agronomic and yield performance in comparison with two check varieties Phil 80-13, the national check variety and Phil 7544, the local check The study was laid out in randomized complete block design at the Luzon Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Floridablanca, Pampanga Among the clones evaluated Phil 2017-0505, Phil 2017-0849, Phil 2017-0873, Phil 2017-1089, Phil 2017-1321, Phil 2017-1331, Phil 2017-1557, Phil 2017-1743, and Phil 2017-1965 produced significantly higher sugar yield than both check varieties with an average of359.53 Lkg/Ha indicating favorable genetic response to the agroclimatic conditions at LAREC. Phil 2017-0981 also produced a higher sugar yield than Phil 75-44 and comparable with Phil 80-13. The clones were also resistant to smut and downy mildew and were nonflowering to sparse flowerers at the time of the study. These clones may have the potential to perform well in other agro-climatic conditions.

The treatments were 28 clones from the Phil 2017 Row Test series selected by the La Granja Agricultural Research and Extension Center (LGAREC) to undergo the Preliminary Yield Test and two check varieties Phil 75-44, the local check variety and Phil 80-13, the national check variety.

“The potential of a certain variety can be determined by its tonnage, sugar rendement and sugar yield.”

Agronomic Response of Phil 8013 to different Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) concentrations

M.V. Serrano and A. Alviar

Plant growth regulators (PGRs)are used to regulate various physiological processes in plants to enhance certain performance To assess its effect on the stalk attributes and yield of Phil 80-13, a study was laid-out in RCBD at LAREC using three PGRs, Napthalene Acetic Acid or NAA(auxin), Benzylaminopurine or BAP (cytokinin) and GA3(gibberellic acid) to promote root formation, shoot proliferation and stalk elongation, respectively The treatments were applied singly, in combination and at two levels of concentration depending on the type of PGR In the plant cane PGR and water treatments did not influence tiller count, diameter and weight of stalks while millable stalks and stalk lengths were comparable among treatments except treatment with water In terms of yield PGR and water treatments did not differ significantly in sugar rendement while in tonnage and sugar yield all treatments were comparable producing an average 132.32 TC/Ha and 261.88 LKG/Ha, respectively, except the control which had the lowest yield of 101 89 TC/Ha and 205 32 LKg/Ha In the ratoon all stalk characteristics were not affected by PGR and water treatments In yield performance all treatments with an average of 1 98 LKg/TC were comparable in sugar rendement except BAP -treated canepoints which had the lowest yield of 1 98 LKG/TC while in tonnage and sugar yield all treatments were comparable producing an average of 94.83 TC/Ha and186.57 respectively except treatment with water (T1), treatment with twice the combination of BAP and GA3 (T6) and combination of the three hormones (T7) which produced lower average yield of 71 39 TC/Ha and 138 85 LKG/Ha respectively In general, results showed veryminimal to no effect of the growth regulators to the stalk characteristics and yield of single-eye treated canepoints of Phil 80-13 The results suggest that the concentration of each hormones may not have been be enough to influence the stalk attributes leading to variations in yield. Time, method of application and interaction with other PGRs may have also contributed to comparable results. There is a need to test different levels of concentration for each PGR as well astime and application method to take advantage of the benefits of each PGR in improving crop performance

“The

application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to single-eye planting materials demonstrates a minimal to negligible influence on the overall yield and yield components in Phil 8013.”

Effect of Calcitic Lime on Cane and Sugar Yields of Three High-Yielding Varieties Planted in Bukidnon Clay Soils

R. D. Locaba, B. G. Manlapaz, N. C. Guiyab, and MV. A. Serrano

Nutrient availability and absorption are affected by the pH level of the soil In acidic soils, the availability of the major plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and other micronutrients are being limited and could result in deficiency symptoms.

Sugarcane is a perennial crop that utilizes a high amount of nutrition for optimum growth, thus, the amendment of acid soils planted with sugarcane is necessary. This study was conducted in the acidic soil (pH 4.0) in Bukidnon, Philippines. Treatments were arranged in strip plot design using high yielding varieties, Phil 20062289, Phil 200-1899 and Phil 80-13 with lime concentrations of 0%, 50%, 100% and 150%.

The study was terminated due to a flooding incident, which disrupted the intended treatments. Consequently, there is a plan to reinitiate the study

“Plant growth and development are adversely affected by acidic soil, which disrupts vital biological processes and hampers nutrient availability essential for optimal plant health.”

Potential yields of varietal mixtures for sustainable sugarcane production

B.G.Manlapaz, N. C. Guiyab, R,D, Locaba, R,J.Sarol and Ma. V.A.Serrano

Varietal mixture planting refers to the use of two or more cultivars. The lack of nurseries and supplies of planting materials left some farmers seeking any varieties nearby However, more information is needed on the response of varietal mixtures in sugarcane growing Hence, this study evaluated the potential of varietal mixture planting and its practicality as a viable strategy for the sustainable and profitable sugarcane industry. The study was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) under sandy soil conditions One-way ANOVA analysis showed that planting of varietal mixtures of sugarcane produced comparable yields, and the varietal mixture treatments and the single variety planting had no significant influence or effect on the varieties' sugar rendements and sugar yields in the plant and ratoon crops. Thus, in times of insufficient planting materials of a specific variety, varietal mixture planting could be considered to achieve a sustainable crop yield, given the combinations and tested varieties in this study.

Performance of recommended Phil 2007 and Phil 2008 series varieties to varying levels of Phosphorous fertilization

This study investigated the effects of varying levels of phosphorus fertilization on the sugarcane production, specifically focusing on cane yield, sucrose content, sugar yield, millable stalks, stalk length and stalk diameter in the plant cane and ratoon cane stages of three sugarcane varieties: Phil 2007-0243, Phil 2007-0221 and Phil 2008-0909 The study aimed to determine the optimal phosphorus rate to enhance growth and yield

The key findings reveal that the plant cane production, the “150% ammophos and “100% Ammophos” treatments were comparable and consistently resulted in the highest cane yield, sucrose content and sugar yield as well as significant increase in millable stalks, stalk diameter and stalk weight for all three sugarcane varieties In the ratoon cane stage, the “150% ammophos and “100% Ammophos” treatment also led to the highest sucrose content, sugar yield and millable stalks, making it the preferred treatment. These findings suggest that “100% Ammophos” may be the optimal phosphorus fertilization rate for enhancing sugarcane growth and yield in both plant cane and ratoon cane stages, particularly for the varieties Phil 20070243, Phil 2007-0221 and Phil 2008-0909 However, it is important to consider other factors that may impact sugarcane production, such as soil type, climate and additional nutrients This research contributes valuable insights to sugarcane cultivation and offers guidance to sugarcane growers for optimizing phosphorus fertilization practices in the study location and conditions

The application of "100% Ammophos" as a phosphorus fertilization rate seems to be the optimal approach for enhancing sugarcane growth and yield in both the plant and ratoon cane , particularly for the varieties Phil 20070243, Phil 2007-0221, and Phil 2008-0909

Performance of Phil 2009-1969 and Phil 2007-0243 in SemiCommercial Production

To compare the yield performance of Phil 2007-0243 and Phil 2009-1969 in experimental plot trials to Semi-commercial scale production in the Plant and Ratoon Cane, the two varieties were planted in experimental plots measuring 6 rows by 9 meters and Semicommercial plots measuring 14 rows by 35 meters, which were replicated four times

Experimental plots produced higher cane yields (TC/Ha) and sugar yields (LKg/Ha) than semi-commercial plots in both plant and ratoon canes Phil 20091969 had a cane yield reduction of 12 56% and 20 62%, while Phil 20070243 had a cane yield reduction of 10 31% and 20 37% in plant and ratoon cane, respectively

The sugar yield for Phil 2007- 0243 decreased by 30 61% for plant cane and 26 04% for ratoon cane Moreover, the sugar yield in the plant and ratoon cane decreased by 20 03% and 37 28%, respectively, in Phil 2009-1969 Both varieties produced higher values for sucrose content (LKg/TC) in the experimental plot than in the semicommercial plot.

The sucrose content of Phil 2007-0243 of plant and ratoon cane decreased by 22 83% and 7 12%, respectively Phil 2009-1969 also noted a decrease of 8 32% in plant cane and 20 69% in ratoon cane On a semi-commercial scale, the ROI of Phil 2007-0243 in the plant and ratoon cane is 0 28 and 1 21, respectively, while Phil 2009-1969's ROI is 0 35 and 1 32 It is suggested that Phil 2007-0243 and Phil 2009-1969 be propagated commercially in the Pampanga Mill District due to their high yield and ROI potential

PHIL 2016 SERIES RESISTANCE TRIALS AGAINST SUGARCANE SMUT

(Sporisorium scitamineum)

J A Vicente, A M Casupanan, and M V Serrano

Genetic resistance offers the most effective and cheapest technique to control the spread of sugarcane smut and to prevent economic losses. Thus, thirty clones from Phil 2016 Series were subjected to resistance screening trials Canepoints were dip inoculated with smut spores and were planted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications Smut incidence were monitored for seven months Level of resistance was determined using percent incidence and its corresponding rating in a standard rating scale Nine clones were consistent highly resistant to very highly resistant from plant cane until the first ratoon. Phil 16-1141085, 85-0647, 82-0619, 78-0539, 79-0583, 79-0579, 76-0515, 93-0695, and 52-0373 were selected. However, seven more clones were resistant until ratoon canes Phil 16-115-1121, 104-0955, 104-0965, 99-0773, 145-1277, 78-0573, and 98-0755 may also be recommended for selection The result of the trial would be consolidated to the data of other variety tests to select smut-resistant and high yielding clones for commercialization

Smut Resistance Rating Scale

"

Resistance Varieties: Your Smart and Cost-Effective Shield Against Sugarcane Smut and Economic Losses."

Our basic workflow described as below:

01

02

Preparation of Inoculum

Whips were collected from smutinfected canes and were pulverized Then, they were placed in buckets of water to prepare the spore solution.

03

Soaking to spore suspension Observation

Three-eyed canepoints were all dipped in the spore suspension for 15 min Then, the canepoints were incubated inside sacks for 24h.

Collection of incidence data was done monthly until the 7th month after planting (MAP) Incidence data were determined based on the presence of whip per stool

PHL 2015 SERIES RESISTANCE SCREENING TRIAL AGAINST DOWNY MILDEW (

PERONOSCLEROSPORA SP.)

J.A. Vicente, A.M. Casupanan, and M.V. Serrano

Planting disease-resistant varieties is essential to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Hence, after the Resistance Trial against Smut and Preliminary Yield Test, selected clones from the Phil 2015 Series were subjected to a Resistance Trial against Downy Mildew The clones were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications The plots were inoculated with downy mildew through natural infection by planting downy mildew-infected canepoints on the borders of blocks Seven clones were primarily selected for being consistently highly resistant until the first ratoon, Phil 15-02-0125, 27-0099, 37-0217, 114-1275, 56-0433, 216-1181, and 103-0867. Three more clones may be considered, Phil 15-02-0121, 84-0565, and 108-0921, as they remained resistant until the first ratoon Phil 15-114-1275 also recorded the highest tool survival during the first ratoon (66 82%) compared to Phil 15-56-0489 which recorded the lowest (54 59%)

Downy

mildew (Peronosclerospora sp.)

Downy mildew affects crop yield by disrupting photosynthesis. Its symptoms include white or yellowish leaf streaks on the leaf blade, coupled with white velvety fungal structures that are denser on the underside.

“Resistant varieties experience breaking down of genetic resistance due to adaptation of pathogens”

ON-GOING PROJECTS

Breeding

and Biotechnology

Ecological Test 1 of selected Phil 2007-2012 series varieties 1.

2. Ecological Test 2 of selected Phil 2013-2014 series varieties

3 Propagation of Phil 2015 series varieties

4. Propagation of Phil 2016 series varieties

5 Propagation of Phil 2017 series varieties

6. Propagation of Phil 2018 series varieties

7. Variety Garden

8. The Sugarcane Roots system: Density and distribution of roots at different soil depth at different growth stages

9. Evaluation of SRA HYVs for ethanol production

Agronomy and Soil Management

1. Yield performance of Phil 2009-1969, phil 2009-1867 and Phil 2010-0107 as influenced by different nitrogen rates

2 Influence of Fertilization and Density on cane and sugar yield of Phil 2006-2289

3 Effect of root cutting techniques and nutrient management scheme on the yields of ratoon in Angeles loamy sand

Crop Protection

1 Screening of selected Phil 2017 series varieties for resistance to smut

2 Screening of selected Phil 2016 series varieties for resistance to downy mildew

3. Yield loss assessment due to fall army worm through simulated damage on sugarcane

4 Yield loss assessment on sugarcane due to Pokkah Boeng

5 Smut Disease Progression as influenced by age of buds

6 Sugarcane Disease Garden

Breeding and Biotechnology

The project was laid out in 5 sites, namely, Tarlac, Pensumil, Carsumco, Don Pedro, and Bukidnon mill districts using recommended varieties from Phil 2007, Phil 2008 and Phil 2012 series varieties The experiments in Tarlac, Pensumil, and Cagayan were already harvested. The experiment in Don Pedro and Bukidnon will be harvested in January and March 2024, respectively. Pertinent agronomic data had been gathered and consolidated

Ecological Test 1 of selected

Phil

2007-2012 series varieties

(ECOTEST/NCT of Phil 2007- 2012 series varieties)

MV. Serrano, H. Tangara, R. Sarol

The project was laid out in 5 sites, namely, Pampanga, Pensumil, Carsumco, Balayan, and Bukidnon mill districts using recommended varieties from Phil 2013 and Phil 2014 series varieties The experiments in Pampanga, Pensumil, and Carsumco were already harvested The experiment in Balayan and Bukidnon will be harvested in February and March 2024, respectively Pertinent agronomic data had been gathered and consolidated

Ecological Test 2 of selected Phil 2013-2014 series varieties

(ECOTEST/NCT of Phil 2013-2014 series varieties)

MV. Serrano, H. Tangara, R. Sarol

Sixteen varieties of recommended Phil 2015 series varieties are currently maintained in the propagation area as source of planting materials for the ECOTEST project still to be laid-out in Pensumil and Balayan mill districts.

Propagation of Phil 2015 series varieties

MV Serrano, H Tangara

Breeding and Biotechnology

Nineteen varieties of recommended Phil 2016 series varieties are currently maintained in the propagation area as source of planting materials for the ECOTEST project still to be laid-out in Pensumil and Balayan mill districts

Propagation of Phil 2016 series varieties

MV Serrano, H Tangara

Nineteen varieties of recommended Phil 2017 series varieties are currently maintained in the propagation area as source of planting materials for the ECOTEST project still to be laid-out in Pensumil and Balayan mill districts

Propagation of Phil 2017 series varieties

MV. Serrano, H. Tangara

Nineteen varieties of recommended Phil 2018 series varieties are currently maintained in the propagation area as source of planting materials for the ECOTEST project still to be laid-out in Pensumil and Balayan mill districts

Propagation of Phil 2018 series varieties

MV Serrano, H Tangara

Breeding and Biotechnology

The Variety Garden project is grounded in the recognition of the paramount importance of preserving and showcasing the genetic diversity inherent in sugarcane varieties.

In essence, the Variety Garden represents a living testament to the rich heritage and ongoing innovation within the sugarcane industry, encapsulating the past, present, and future of sugarcane cultivation in its vibrant array of 90 varieties

Variety Garden

R. Sarol, MV. Serrano & RH Mundo

A notable research gap exists concerning the specific characteristics of the sugarcane root system at different soil depths and growth stages

Sandy soils, prevalent in certain regions, pose unique challenges to water and nutrient availability, necessitating a focused exploration into how the sugarcane root system responds to such conditions

Root architecture directly impacts nutrient and water uptake, influencing plant growth and, consequently, overall crop productivity

Update: 24 blocks, each having a depth of 1 2 cubic meters, and the installation of the Amazon screen is complete; these blocks are scheduled for planting this season.

The Sugarcane Roots system: Density and distribution of roots at different soil depth at different growth stages

R. Sarol, MV. Serrano, RH. Mundo

A study was laid out to test the potential of four varieties for ethanol production at 8, 9 and 10 months of age The study was laid out in Isabela State University using split -plot design Ratoon canes were already harvested. Data are being consolidated prior to statistical analysis and report writing

Evaluation of SRA HYVs for ethanol production

MV Serrano, A Alviar, D Locaba, N Guiyab

Agronomy and Soil Management

Phil 2009-1969, Phil 2009-1867 and Phil 2010-0107 were laid out to assess their yield performance in different rates of Nitrogen fertilization, Pertinent data were gathered and consolidated Care and maintenance were implemented The study was in the plant cane stage

Yield performance of Phil 2009-1969, Phil 20091867 and Phil 2010-0107 as influenced by different Nitrogen rates

N

C Guiyab, RD A Locaba, RH P Mundo

The optimization of rows spacing and planting density in a certain sugarcane area has been always a target in sugarcane production (Garside and Bell, 2009). Also, row spacing and plant density are associated with each other since plant density is a function of inter and intra-row spacings (Collins, 2002)

This project was established in February 2022 Plant cane was harvested the following year and cultivated for the ratoon cycle Presently, the standing canes will be harvested in February 2024 All the agronomic and yield parameter data have been recorded and consolidated for the technical paper submission

Influence of Different Fertilizer Levels on the Growth and Yield of Phil 2006-2289 at various planting Density

MV Serrano, A Alviar, D Locaba, N Guiyab

"Preliminary Yield Test of Phil 2018 Series Varieties" embarks on evaluating 30 newly developed sugarcane clones within the Phil 2018 series This study is designed to evaluate and compare these varieties' yield potential and adaptability across two diverse locations, Pampanga and Bukidnon

The PYT 2018 experiments are in the Maturity stage. The collection of pest/disease observations and other preliminary yield components was completed The experiment is scheduled to be harvested in a few months.

Affect

of root cutting techniques and nutrient management scheme on the yield of ratoon in AGeles

loamy sand

BG Manlapaz, RD Locaba, N Guiyab

Crop Protection

The Phil 2017 Series Resistance Trials against Smut will be harvested in 2024 However, data were already collected In this study, thirty clones from Phil 2017 Series were subjected to resistance screening trials. Smut incidence was monitored for seven months The level of resistance was determined using percent incidence and its corresponding rating in a standard rating scale The clones’ data on stool survival during ratoon cane were also noted In this trial, Phil 17 54-1065 and 109-1965 were very highly resistant, followed by 59-1331, 58-1321, 105-1875, 117-2031, and 460873 Phil 17 32-0505, 55-1107, 34-0559, 38-0649, 96-1743, and 46-0873 may also be considered for selection Thus, a total of 13 clones were recommendable

Screening of selected Phil 2017 series varieties for resistance to smut

J.A. Vicente & A.M. Casupanan

This study aims to characterize the Phil 2016 Series clones based on their levels of resistance against downy mildew Planting of resistant varieties is part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Thus, fifteen clones were planted in two rows x 5m plots, arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, to determine their resistance levels against downy mildew. After seven months since planting and ratooning, five clones were labelled as resistant Phil 2016 82-0619 was the most recommendable, which was rated as very highly resistant until first ratoon Other resistant clones were Phil 16 104-0965, 186-1373, 75-0469, and 1040955

Screening of selected Phil 2016 series varieties for resistance to downy mildew

J.A. Vicente & A.M. Casupanan

An experiment to simulate fall army worm damage using factorial in RCBD was laid out using Phil 2006-2289. The study aims to estimate yield and yield losses due to the insect in the plant and ratoon cane Defoliation will be done at 3, 5 and 7 MAP at different levels of percent defoliation The following are the treatment combinations:

T0 – 0 damage (control)

T1 – 33% leaf area damage

T2 – 66% leaf area damage

T3 – 100% leaf area damage

Yield loss assessment due to fall army worm through simulated damage on sugarcane

AM

Casupanan, JM Vicente, RJ Sarol, MV Serrano, RH Mundo

Crop Protection

At four (4) months after planting (MAP), there were significant reductions in tiller count and tiller height between healthy and pokkah boeng (PB)-infected canes Reductions in yield contributing parameters were observed in previous studies due to infection of pokkah boeng disease (Vishwakarma et al., 2018; Singh et al., 2006). The variety Phil 06-2289 had the highest number of tillers among healthy canes However, the tiller count data lost its significant differences when the varieties were infected with PB In terms of tiller height, Phil 00-2569 expressed the tallest tillers in either healthy or PBinfected canes, whereas Phil 06-1899 had the smallest tillers

At four (4) MAP, Phil 06-1899 produced the highest number of infected canes; whereas; other varieties’ incidence data were not significantly different There were some changes in the incidence data at six (6) MAP The highest incidence was recorded at Phil 99-1793 at six (6) MAP However, Phil 00-2569 consistently recorded the lowest PB incidence.

Yield loss assessment due to Pokkah Boeng disease among SRA High-Yielding Varieties

AM Casupanan, JM Vicente, RJ Sarol, MV Serrano, RH Mundo

To investigate the progression of smut disease on the buds of an infected stalk a study was undertaken using two varieties Phil 2006-2289 and Phil 2000-0881 As preliminary activity the experiment was laid-out in CRD using plastic pails. After 120 DAP, Pertinent data were gathered and consolidated. The study was laid out in plots to verify the results under field conditions. The single bud cuttings from each pot number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were planted in the field Smut whips will be observed and recorded at the onset of the early appearance of symptoms up to 5 months

Smut Disease Progression as influenced by age of buds

AM Casupanan, JM Vicente, RJ Sarol, MV Serrano, RH Mundo

The systematic collection of sugarcane diseases in the field is integral for a comprehensive understanding of the crop's health and overall management. By actively observing and documenting diseases affecting sugarcane plants, researchers and agricultural professionals can identify prevalent pathogens, assess the extent of infestations, and monitor the progression of diseases throughout different stages of crop development

Sugarcane Disease Garden

J A Vicente & A M Casupanan

NEWLY LAID-OUT

Preliminary Yield Test 2018 Series

Ecological Test 3 of Selected Phil 2015-2016 Series Varieties

Effects of Irrigation frequency and N fertilizer rate on growth and yield of sugarcane HYV under sandy soil condition

FY'25 Financial Statement

Phil 2018 Series Resistance Trials against Smut

Phil 2017 Series Resistance Trials against Downy Mildew

Effect of Nitrogen Level Fertilization on Sugarcane Downy Mildew Infection

Breeding and Biotechnology

"Preliminary Yield Test of Phil 2018 Series Varieties" embarks on evaluating 30 newly developed sugarcane clones within the Phil 2018 series. This study is designed to evaluate and compare these varieties' yield potential and adaptability across two diverse locations, Pampanga and Bukidnon The PYT 2018 experiments are in the Maturity stage. The collection of pest/disease observations and other preliminary yield components was completed. The experiment is scheduled to be harvested in a few months

Preliminary Yield Test 2018 Series

R. Sarol , H. Tangara, & RH Mundo

The project was laid out in 3 sites, namely, Pampanga, Carsumco, and Bukidnon mill districts using recommended varieties from Phil 2015 and Phil 2016 series varieties The experiments in Pampanga and Bukidnon will be harvested in January and March 2024, respectively. The experiment in Carsumco was laid out in November and proper care and maintenance is undertaken The experiment in Pensumil and Balayan will be laid out in 2024.

Ecological Test 3 of Selected Phil 2015-2016 Series Varieties

MV Serrano, H Tangara, R Sarol & RH Mundo

Agronomy and Soil Management

A study was laid-out to determine the effect of Nitrogen fertilization rate and irrigation frequency management on the growth, quality and sugar yield using Phil 2006-2289 The plant cane will be harvested in the first quarter of 2024 Agronomic data were collected and consolidated. Proper care and maintenance were applied

Effects of Irrigation frequency and N fertilizer rate on growth and yield of sugarcane HYV under sandy soil condition

N

Guiyab, B Manalapaz, R Locaba

To test the effectiveness of BMO in sugarcane production in the soil and environmental conditions in Pampanga, this study was conducted Different rates of inorganic fertilizers in combination of BMO dose were to be evaluated. The project was established last November 2023 The project will be maintained in 2024, following all the recommended cultivation and management practices of SRA Relevant data will be obtained, recorded and analyzed for technical paper preparation

Evaluation of Beneficial Micro-Organism (BMO) fertilization in sugarcane production under Angeles sandy loam soil conditions

R Locaba, N Guiyab, B Manlapaz

Initial field visit and MOA discussion with the cooperator was conducted last October 2023 The area was inspected for elevation, boundaries and suitability for the proposed project. During the visit, the content of the Memorandum of Agreement was discussed with the cooperator On December 2023, soil sample was obtained to serve as the basis for liming application. Initial land preparation was also conducted The project will continue with its establishment, maintenance and monitoring in 2024

Evaluation of the Fertilizer Application Methods on Sugarcane Development and Production in Bukidnon Clay Soil Condition

R Locaba, N Guiyab, B Manlapaz

Crop Protection

Clones under the Phil 2018 Series were planted in March 2023 and would be soon harvested during the first quarter of 2024. Twenty clones show promising high level of resistance Data collected constitute the data for plant cane only; the trial will continue until first ratoon Therefore, the data obtained were still incomplete It is expected for the ratoon canes to show higher number of disease incidence due to smut’s systemic infection and the accumulation of pathogen population This project will be completed in 2025.

Phil 2018 Series Resistance Trials against Sugarcane Smut (Sporisorium scitamineum)

J Vicente & A Casupanan

The 2017 Series of clones were planted in September 2023; hence, disease incidence data are still few. Thirty clones are also subjected to downy mildew resistance trials, similar to smut resistance trials. Current updates on data collection show that 22 clones are still uninfected However, recommendations will only be released after the completion of data collection on first ratoon.

Phil 2017 Series Resistance Trials against Downy Mildew (Peronosclerospora sp.)

J

Vicente & A Casupanan

The study will be conducted to find out the effects of different levels of nitrogen on the sugarcane downy mildew infection and the growth and yield components of sugarcane. Prior to the setup of the experiment, the soil will be analyzed for its nutrient requirements. Land preparation and preparation of planting materials were done Planting will be done in the first week of January 2024.

Influence of Levels of Nitrogen on Sugarcane

Downy Mildew Infection

A Casupanan & J Vicente

Collaborations with other Government Agencies and Universities

National Crop Protection Center (NCPC)

Project:

Rapid assessment and strategic release of parasitoid (Hymenoptera) against red-striped sugarcane on soft scale, Pulvinaria tenuivalvata (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Luzon, Philippines

Proposed Budget: Php 1,516,424.80 (6 months)

Status of the Project:

Other Activities:

Impact of the Activities to the Organization:

Presented during 2023 National In-House Review

Status of the Activities:

Facilitated the morphological and molecular identification of the unknown pest and the parasitoid Monitored infested areas, in Pampanga and Batangas, in coordination with SRA personnel Monitored the damage progress of the soft scales inside the screen house and identified possible bridging hosts

NCPC provided the required technical expertise to the SRA, especially in terms of entomology and weed science. They also outlined the procedures that SRA has to undertake to formally announce the entry of the pest to the country and provided list of other agencies that may offer collaborative projects.

The identity of the unknown pest has been confirmed. Identified an endoparasitic parasitoid that kills soft scales’ eggs and some entomopathogenic fungi that are present on dead insects

Submits a research paper for publication

Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA)

Activities:

Impact of the Activities to the Organization:

Status of the Activities:

Assisted in the ground data collection of the damages done by soft scale pests

Offers technology and expertise on remote monitoring of pests and diseases

SRA currently waits for the requested satellite images and seeks to formalize the deal between the two agencies for easier processing of requested data.

Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)

Project:

Status of the Project:

Impact of the Activities to the Organization:

Establishing a Regional Early Warning Radiation Monitoring Network and Data Exchange Platform in ASEAN

Planning and Drafting of Memorandum of Agreement

Enhances hazard detection systems and exposes AARD researchers to other experts and scientific discipline

Agricultural Systems Institute (ASI), CAFS,UPLB

Project:

Status of the Project:

Impact of the Activities to the Organization:

Pre-Commercialization of Fertigroe (R) N, P, and K Nanofertilizers

Planning, Land Preparation, and Drafting of Memorandum of Agreement

Immerses AARD researchers to procedures that have to be undertaken for the commercialization of a technology, especially in terms of soil fertilization

Institute of Crop Science, CAFS,UPLB

Project:

Status of the Project:

Impact of the Activities to the Organization:

Adaptability Trial and Performance Evaluation of Promising Sugarcane Hybrids across Different Agroecological Conditions of the Philippines

Planning, Land Preparation, and Drafting of Memorandum of Agreement

Collaborates methodology in terms of variety improvement

PROPOSALS

BreedingandBiotechnology

Biostimulants&OrganoMineralsforSugarcaneProductivityBoosterin LaharAffectedSoil

MeasuringtheImpactofFloweringonSugarcane:AVarietalPerspective QuantifyingtheImpactofHerbicidesonSugarcaneYield:ASystematic AnalysisofToleranceandSusceptibilityofSugarcaneHighYielding Starch-BasedFilmsReinforcedwithSugarcaneBagasse:ABiodegradable ControlledReleasedFertilizer

AgronomyandSoilManagement

ImpactofRottboellacochinchinensis(Itchgrass)Infestationon SugarcaneYieldandtheAssessmentofWeedManagementStrategies EnhancingSoilHealthandSugarcaneProductivityAComprehensive StudyontheSynergisticEffectsofTrashMulchingandTrichodermaspp ApplicationinCentralLuzonPhilippines. EnhancingSugarcaneGrowthThroughIntercroppedMungBeansand GreenManureRecyclinginMudPress-FertilizedSoil.

CropProtection

ReactionofHYVtoSugarcaneSmutFungus

SporisoriumscitamineumIsolatesfromEight MillDistrictsofLuzonandMindanao.

Isolation,characterization,andidentificationof sugarcaneendophytesfromdisease-resistant clonesandSRAvarieties.

Standardizationofdamageseverityindexof thered-stripedsugarcanesoftscale (Pulvinariatenuivalvata)anditsdetection usinghyperspectralimageryandGIS approach.

SRA LAREC

EMERGING PEST: SUGARCANE RED-STRIPED SOFT SCALE (PULVINARIA TENUIVALVATA) (NEWSTEAD) (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE)

Jerrimae A. Vicente

A new insect pest of sugarcane has been introduced to the country, posing a greater amount of cane yield loss. The pest was first observed in June 2022 at Bacolor, Pampanga, but was misdiagnosed as aphids, another major sugarcane insect pest. It was later realized that the nymphs of the pest look similar to aphids or that the aphids themselves live mutually with the pests, causing confusion.

In February 2023, sightings of the pest inside LAREC’s experiment station were first recorded. Its physical characteristics and behavior are noted:

It is soft-bodied, a mollusk- or leechlike organism, with no apparent legs (as opposed to other insects, but it gave the idea that it is possibly a scale insect).

It is oval

Its color ranges from green to reddish brown. It has two stripes in the dorsal part of its body. The pests are also more dominant on the underside of the leaves and are sedentary. When a pest flipped over, smaller insects would crawl out or the eggs would be exposed.

Adult softscale

However, as observed in disease resistance trials, the chlorotic leaves were not primarily associated with the presence of the pest but with yellow spot disease. Nevertheless, images of the pest were taken for future reference.

The first formal report of the insect’s presence was recorded on July 2023 when they infested canes inside LAREC’s screen house. Associating the pest with the observed damages was easier inside the screen house since the effects of other environmental factors are held constant and uniform.

Observed damages were the following:

Infested leaves showed bright yellow streaks parallel to the midrib until the leaves would eventually dry out. Cases of sooty molds were also observed; these are black fungal growth commonly observed in leaves if sucking insects are present. The insect infestation also started in the lower leaves until the insects climbed up.

Possible progression of leaf damage by the soft scale pest: starting from a healthy leaf, growth of sooty molds, yellowing, and drying of leaves.

In the latter half of July 2023, the Balayan Mill District also reported a pest infestation similar to the ones observed in LAREC. Hence, the Crop Protection Section visited the infested barangays and confirmed that the LAREC and Balayan pests were the same.

challenging to identify via search or through published encyclopedias, even if the narrowed down into scale insects. A former colleague provided a paper from an entomologist in Michigan State University where an image of an insect similar to the new pest was obtained. Hence, the initial identity of the pest becomes the sugarcane red-striped soft scale (Pulvinaria tenuivalvata).

Through morphological and molecular analysis, with the assistance of the National Crop Protection Center (NCPC), it was confirmed that the pest was indeed P. tenuivalvata. Researchers from NCPC also discovered an endoparasitic parasitoid that kills the pest’s eggs while monitoring infested sugarcane areas.

In photos: Appearance of the soft scale infestation (with sooty molds and yellowing of leaves) as seen from the borders of sugarcane fields, in comparison to non-infested canes (uppermost picture).

Darkening of the soft scales’ body indicate parasitism by the parasitoids.

Adult parasitoid

GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE:

Before AARD’s report, P tenuivalvata was only present in the African continent (scalenet info/catalogue/Pulvinaria tenuivalvata), especially in Egypt where it is considered a major pest of sugarcane that can reduce stalk parameters and sugar content (Dimetry and Abdel-Moniem, 2004). At present more sugarcane areas in the country also reported the infestations:

The quick response of the AARD Team has made significant impacts on the current management of the pest and prevent them from further spreading to other mill districts. The authorities had been alerted of its presence, including the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) which governs the entry and quarantine activities of transported planting materials. Planters had also been advised to minimize or avoid application of chemical insecticides to prevent indiscriminate killing of natural enemies, especially the parasitoids.

Moreover, AARD actively engages in activities and collaborations with other LGUs, SUCs, colleges, and government agencies to further understand the pest and set-up more stringent control measures. The Division is all set to utilize biological control and remote sensing technology to ensure that the soft-scale’s population and damage are all controlled.

Crop Protection’s INSECT COLLECTION

Jerrimae A Vicente & Agnes M Casupanan

The Crop Protection Section of AARD has maintained a collection of preserved insects since the 1990s. The following insects were collected from different sugarcane areas.

Coleopterans and Lepidopterans dominate the insect collection of Crop Protection Some individuals were sorted based on their genus and species

Prior to the infestations of soft-scales, a survey was also conducted in Pampanga, Tarlac, and Batangas to estimate the diversity and abundance of different insect Orders. The Crop Protection Team catched and collected insects from the field and identified the insect Orders in the laboratory. The diversity among the three provinces proved to be different:

However, the manner of catching insects favored the collection of large, winged insects. Hence, a new study or protocol must be established to properly determine the population of insects in sugarcane fields. Moreover, research activities in 2023 prioritized the collection and identification of the soft-scales and its parasitoids. The pest might also have disrupted the current diversity of the insects. Nevertheless, this collection also proved the abundance of Insect Orders where natural enemies, both predators and parasitoids, belong. It further proved that the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) must be favored rather than applying chemical control alone.

Harnessing the Potential of for Sustainable Farming Practices Beneficial Microorganisms (BMO)

Rose Diane A. Locaba

AARD 2023 BMO Production and Activities

The high expenses associated with agricultural inputs, particularly chemical fertilizers, pose a considerable burden on farmers striving for enhanced productivity. Furthermore, the agricultural sector stands out for its notable contribution to various environmental challenges, including global warming, as well as pollution of land, water, and air. In response to these issues, the La Granja Agricultural Research and Extension Center (LGAREC) of the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) in La Carlota City, Negros Occidental, has pioneered the development and application of Beneficial Microorganisms (BMO). This innovative approach addresses the dual challenge of cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. The key components of BMO involve nitrogen-fixing bacteria, namely Acetobacter and Azospirillum. These microorganisms thrive in close symbiosis with plant roots, specifically sugarcane, actively fixing nitrogen and facilitating its absorption, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

AARD personnel attends BMO Training in LGAREC

To enhance our comprehension of BMO technology and broaden its reach across Luzon and Mindanao, the Chemists from the Agro-Allied Research Division engaged in a training session at LGAREC from March 13 to 16, 2023. The team, comprised of Ms. Josephine Mapano (Bukidnon Soil Laboratory), Ms. Joylene Bernardino (Davao Soil Laboratory), Ms. Myrna D. Echavez (LAREC Laboratory), and Ms. Rose Diane A. Locaba along with Ms. Jerrimae A. Vicente (both serving as Science Research Specialist I), participated in an instructive session. The training, led by Ms. Ma. Theresa D. Alejandrino, Supervising Science Research Specialist of LGAREC-Production Technology and Crop Management section, delved deeper into the details of BMO technology and addressed pertinent queries.

Acetobacter sp. (top) and Azospirillum sp. (bottom)

Final BMO product for field application

AARD personnel attending BMO training

During the hands-on laboratory session, AARD personnel were guided through the preparation of BMO stock and its subsequent reproduction and distribution, as illustrated in Fig. 3. Ms. Alejandrino offered insights and responded to queries, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the technology. Additionally, reminders and precautions were emphasized for the proper handling of BMO components. To facilitate widespread distribution, separate cultures of the BMO components were transported to SRA-LAREC for reproduction, marking a significant step forward in advancing the technology's availability and impact to the planters of Sugarcane industry.

BMO TRAINING IN CAGAYAN MILL DISTRICT

A BMO production training for SIDA Block Farm groups and Planters’ Associations was conducted in CARSUMCO, Piat Cagayan on June 8, 2023. The training was facilitated by SRA-LAREC-Agro-Allied Research Division personnel, in coordination with the SRA Mill District Office staffs. This is a collaborative effort to address the concerns on high cost of inorganic fertilizers and improve sugarcane productivity and farmer’s profitability. Present also in the event were the CARSUMCO employees with the support of CARSUMCO Operations Manager and SRA Board Member Mitzi Mangwang, Ms. Ma. Theresa D. Alejandrino who pioneered the BMO production in LGAREC in Negros Occidental.

The SRA-LAREC laboratory in 2023 was able to provide the requested 80L of BMO from different clients, and continue to maintain the “pure culture” for future distributions and requests. The Extension Services Division of RDE also conducted training of Luzon and Mindanao Mill Districts personnel for BMO reproduction to which the AARD assisted. The Agro-Allied Research Division is committed to further conduct studies on the importance of BMO on sugarcane production to help the farmers and the sugarcane industry.

Demonstration of BMO reproduction

AARD Participates in an Executive Course in Agricultural Biotechnology

Raphael Henri B. Mundo

The Institute of Crop Science College of Agriculture and Food Science, UPLB, conducted a five-day Executive Course in Agricultural Biotechnology where participants from various government agencies learned the principles of agricultural biotechnology with hands-on activities using basic molecular techniques where SRA-LAREC AARD personnel participated and gained baseline knowledge on the agriculture biotechnology.

The learning is very relevant to the program of the Philippine sugarcane industry. The course benefitted and equipped LAREC’s researchers to further strengthen their research capability in breeding and agricultural technology Attending similar capacity-building programs, researchers from LAREC and LGAREC can further enhance their skills and update their research protocols in advancing molecular techniques to support the SRA-RD&E’s acquisition of high-end laboratory instruments to promote agricultural production technologies and strengthen sugarcane SRA’s variety improvement program.

From Data to Law:

SRA-LAREC Personnel Lean into the Latest Sugarcane Technology in 2023 Lecture Series

Jerrimae A Vicente & Rose Diane A Locaba

The Agro-Allied Research Division (AARD) hosted a lecture series, the SRA: Updates, Trends, and Practices for Sugarcane Technology Development, which capacitated thirty (30) Luzon Agricultural Research and Extension Center (LAREC) personnel from AARD, Extension and Services Division (ESD),

Mr Jerald B Bongalos, Science Research Specialist I of DOSTPNRI, serves as the guest speaker.

On the first day, the participants learned the parts of a research project proposal and the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in writing. They were introduced to different Writing Assistants and generative AI tools for systematic review of related literature (RRL). The former includes Chat GPT, Bard AI, Quillbot, and Perplexity; whereas, the latter introduces the use of SciSpace (research database), Connected Papers (visualization tool), and PopAI (document reviewer). However, the use of AI for academic submissions is still contested; this issue was tackled in Perspectives on AI and Detecting AI in Research Writing such by subscription to Turnitin. Moreover, the participants’ assignment was to draft project proposals based on the provided template while incorporating the presented AI tools, to be presented on the last day of the lecture series.

Mr. Bongalos also introduced the Agricultural Applications of Nuclear Science and Radiation Technology on the first day. Radiation has wide applications throughout plant mutation breeding and genetics, soil science and crop nutrition, and sterile insect technique. In Breeding, which is one of the sections under AARD, the goal of the utilization of radiation is to induce mutations to increase genetic variations for future selections. Hence, mutationinducing agents were discussed, followed by the molecular basis of mutations.

The specific application of mutation breeding to sugarcane was elaborated on the second day of the series. The General Principles of Mutation Breeding (PMB) were presented alongside the Steps in Mutant Variety Development, which basically listed the procedures the AARD has to undertake to augment the current breeding program with mutation breeding. Mr. Bongalos also presented a PNRI-lead project on mutation breeding of sugarcane as an example and highlighted the importance of lignin analysis since a downregulated lignin signifies sweeter juice extracts.

For mutation breeding to succeed, the existence of a tissue culture laboratory is also necessary. Canes which have to undergo mutation must be tissue-cultured calluses to assure that they are unicellular and therefore, the resulting mutations are not complex. Thus, the requirements for establishing a tissue culture laboratory, the

characteristics of cells for tissue culture, and the application of plant growth regulators were discussed. The radiosensitivity of tissue-cultured canes were also explored: that only sugarcane uses the LD50 and LD20 dosage of radiation and that there are external factors that affect its radiosensitivity. Aside from mutation-assisted selection, molecular techniques may also be used for sugarcane breeding, including the nucleotide sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

The third day of the lecture series focused on the Research Design, Data Evaluation, & Statistical Analyses. These topics comprise the important parts of a research study. Mr. Bongalos discussed the commonly-used agricultural research designs, such as completely randomized design (CRD), randomized complete block design (RCBD), and split-plot. After data collection, proper choice of statistical tests is crucial, and it

Mr Bongalos (bottom, right) provides a series of lectures to SRA-LAREC staff (topmost); whereas, Mr Mundo (bottom, left) facilitates the question and answer portion.

includes test for normality, inferential statistics, and test for relationships. Moreover, he distributed installers of SPSS v.22 that may be used by the participants in the workshop and their respective data analysis. He first demonstrated the use of SPSS v.22, then provided a worksheet on data analysis, answered by the participants in the afternoon.

The fourth day introduced the participants to the legal framework to achieve sustainable sugarcane technology development, especially with regard to the release of new sugarcane varieties. The Seed Development Act of 1992 (Republic Act (RA) 7308) generated two offices, the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) and the National Seed Quality Control Services (NSQCS), which regulates the release and monitors the quality of planting materials, respectively. Sugarcane varieties may be registered to NSIC or to the Philippine Plant Variety Protection Office (PVPO), which was created through RA 9168, An Act to Provide Protection to New Varieties. The Basic Intellectual Property Code of 1998 (RA 8293), moreover, provides patents for procedures, utility models, and inventions. In the end of the technology development, the Technology Transfer Act of 2009 (RA 10055) requires that the technology has to identify its adaptors and allows the technology to expand its label. Hence, SRA was encouraged to follow the mentioned legal frameworks to protect its varieties and its breeders.

The lecture series concluded with the presentation of workshop accomplishments. Two groups presented their reports on statistical analysis and drafting of research proposals. The data analysis consisted of three problems where the participants had to prove if they understood their lessons, especially the tests for Normality, ANOVA, and regression analysis. After that, two

In Photos: SRA-LAREC personnel studies in group for the workshop and presents their output. Ms. Casupanan delightedly receives her certificate of participation (lowermost)

proposals were presented, representing ABE and AARD, highlighting the ethical use of AI technology in research writing. Mr. Bongalos examined the contents of the proposals and offered suggestions for improvement.

During the closing ceremony, participants expressed their appreciation to Mr. Bongalos’ expertise as they narrated their learnings. They emphasized the mportance of the lectures to their respective field of expertise. It was followed by the awarding of certificates and picturetaking.

The said Lecture Series was first of its kind as the lecturer was the one invited to the LAREC office to accommodate more participants. Mr. Raphael Henri Mundo, Chief Science Research Specialist of AARD, facilitated the fruition of this event. It encompassed various topics that typically define the overall sugarcane technology landscape: starting from the writing of project proposals, introduction to nuclear and molecular-assisted breeding, analyzing collected data, and ending with the legal registration and transfer of technology. This event standardizes and prompts future training activities to cater to both research and farmer needs.

“The Lecture Series encompassed various topics that typically define the overall sugarcane technology landscape: starting from the writing of project proposals, introduction to nuclear and molecular-assisted breeding, analyzing collected data, and ending with the legal registration and transfer of technology.

9thPlantGenomic&GeneEditingCongressAsiaandthe4thMicrobiomeforAgriculture

The International gathering proudly presents the 9th ASIAN Plant Genomic & Gene EditingCongressandthe4thMicrobiomeforAgricultureCongress,agatheringoftoplevelagriculturalresearchersintheASIANregionthatwasheldinBangkok,Thailand,on November27-December1,2023,forthebenefitofthesugarcaneindustriesinAsia.

The Congress focuses on innovative breeding techniques and regulatory policies, addressing emerging challenges, and fostering collaboration. Concurrently, the 4th Microbiome for Agriculture Congress explored the intricate relationship between soil microbiotaandplanthealth,offeringinsightsintobiocontrolandbiostimulants

AdinnerwasalsoarrangedwithourDepartmentofAgricultureAttachetoThailand,Ms. AnnLopez,whereabriefdiscussionontheobjectivesoftheSRAdelegatesparticipation in the event was highlighted. The Philippine delegates all realized how modern BioTechnologycouldfacilitatetheproductivityofsugarcaneinthecountry.

Raphael Henri B. Mundo

SRALARECandLGAREC:PioneeringSugarcane BreedingActivities

SRA LAREC and LGAREC, the two research stations at the forefront of the Philippine Sugarcane Industry, are dedicated to conducting cutting-edge breeding activities The Congress served as a platform to showcase the latest advancements in breeding techniques such as site-directed nucleases, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, cisgenesis, intra-genesis, RNAdependent DNA methylation, grafting with genetically modified material, reverse breeding, agroinfiltration, synthetic genomics, and speed breeding, whichispartofthevisionoftheSRA-RDEprogram.

Given Asia's diverse countries, each with its regulatory framework on genetic technologies, the event emphasized the regulatory policy updates from countrieslikethePhilippines,Indonesia,India,theUSA,andEurope.Itprovideda comprehensive view of the regulatory landscape to facilitate international collaborationandknowledgeexchange.

4thMicrobiomeforAgricultureCongress:NurturingPlantHealth

Held concurrently with the breeding congress, the 4th Microbiome for AgricultureCongressexploredtheintricaterelationshipbetweensoilmicrobiota anditspositiveinfluenceonplanthealth.Thefocusextendedtohowmicrobiota is central in bolstering plant resistance to diseases and stress while efficiently cyclingnutrientswithinagriculturalsystems.

This Congress delved into the rapidly expanding biocontrol and biostimulants sector, in which the Philippine sugarcane industry can gain a lot in addressing emergingpestssuchasthered-strippedsoft-scaleinsect,aconcernemerging in Luzon sugarcane producing areas Key discussion topics included regulation updates, emerging market trends, and the significance of gaining consumer support for biological solutions By addressing these aspects, the Congress successfully facilitated the exchange of knowledge and promoted collaboration, ultimately advancing the fields of biocontrol, biostimulants, and ourunderstandingoftheplantmicrobiome

TimelyRelevance:AddressingtheSugarcaneSoft-ScaleInsectInfestation

Both congresses were timely and relevant in addressing the emerging issue of the soft-scale sugarcane insect in the Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, and Batangas areas. Discussions surrounding biocontrol agents recommended by the National Crop Protection Center (NCPC) as sustainable measures to address the infestation are particularly crucial and affirmed by the learnings duringtheCongress.

Researchers from the Agro-Allied Research Division (AARD) participated in the Sugar Regulatory Administration’s (SRA) 2023 National In-House Review, in Nataasan Beach Resort and Dive Center, Inc , Sipalay City, Negros Occidental on December 19-21, 2023.

Out of nine competing research papers, two papers from AARD personnel received the Best Paper Awards

Mr Nestor Guiyab’s paper, “Performance validation of two promising sugarcane high yielding varieties in semicommercial production,” won 3rd place; whereas, Mr. Rachel Sarol’s paper on “Lodging in Sugarcane Fields assessing its significance on productivity and predicting lodging- induced losses” won 2nd place The same paper of Mr. Sarol also won the 3rd Best Technical Paper Award in the 69th PHILSUTECH Annual National Convention, on August 22-25, 2023

Mr Rachel Sarol (topmost) and Mr Nestor Guiyab (lowermost) received their respective awards

SRA-LAREC and LGAREC Personnel during the 2023 National In-House Review

AARD GEARS TOWARDS THE LOGY

Researchers of Agro-Allied Research Division (AARD) actively participated in various training that explore the application of microbiology, molecular biology, and biotechnology, in research in the University of the Philippines - Los Baños (UPLB), Laguna.

Ms Jerrimae Vicente participated in a five-day workshop about Training on Basic Molecular Biology Techniques and Data Analysis, hosted by the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, on August 7-11, 2023. After a week, Mr. Raphael Henri Mundo and Ms. Agnes Casupanan also participated in a five-day Executive Course in Agricultural Biotechnology, hosted by the Institute of Crop Science (iCrops), on August 14-18, 2023 Mr Mundo and Ms Casupanan, with the addition of Mr Nestor Guiyab, also attended the two-week training on Executive Course on Basic Entomopathogenic Fungi Identification and Mass Production, hosted by the National Crop Protection Center (NCPC), on December 4-7, and 12-15, 2023.

These sets of training prove that the AARD Team continue to adapt with the dynamic and everevolving scientific knowledge and is determined to apply the learnings into its research projects.

WHY RD&E IS IMPORTANT?

Henceforth, we will continue to conduct research and development activities in the research station and mill districts in Luzon and Mindanao on variety and agronomic tests, agricultural production technology, and crop management to address food security and environmental sustainability.