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AIDS;–MMRvaccinationandautismSir Hypothesistestingandpresentationoftheoutcome eitherpositiveornegative isafundamentalpartofthe scientificprocessEndoscopicfindingsareshowninTableMacroscopiccolonicappearanceswerereportedasnormalinfourchildren.InductionofspecificT-cell responsesinHIVinfectionTheUKregulatorheldthatDrWakefieldWewouldliketoshowyouadescriptionherebutthesitewon’tallowusWakefieldhada conflictofinterestatthetimeofthestudyDeerrevealedthatWakefieldwaspaidmorethan£,bylawyersseekingtoprovethatthevaccinewasunsafeImpactof anti-vaccinemovementsonpertussiscontrol:theuntoldstoryLancet;–Sir TheaccountgivenbyAndrewWakefieldandcolleagues’1isinteresting,yetthe structureofthestudywithbiasedcaseascertainmentWewouldliketoshowyouadescriptionherebutthesitewon’tallowus“Itisintenselyscepticalaboutthe possibilityoferror,buttotallytrustingaboutthepossibilityoffraud”1NeverhasthisbeentruerthanoftheLancetpaperthatimpliedalinkbetweenthemeasles, mumps,andrubella(MMR)vaccineanda“newsyndrome”ofautismandboweldisease.⇓AuthoredbyAndrewWakefieldand[PDF]Quantifyingtheeffectof Wakefieldetal.Theremainingeighthadcolonicandrectalmucosalabnormalitiesincludinggranularity,lossofvascularpattern,patchyerythema,lymphoidnodular hyperplasia,andintwocases,aphthoidulceration()onskepticismaboutMMRvaccinesafetyintheUSMatthewPMotta,DominikAStecułaTheLancethas retractedtheyearoldpaperthatsparkedaninternationalcrisisofconfidenceinthesafetyofthemeasles,mumps,andrubella(MMR)vaccinewhenitsleadauthor suggestedalinkbetweenthevaccineandautismWakefield’scredibilityfurtherdiminishedinwhentenoutoftheAIDS;–LeanderssonA-C,BrattG,HinkulaJ, etalDOI:CorpusIDQuantifyingtheeffectofWakefieldetalBackgroundEffortstotracetheriseofchildhoodvaccinesafetyconcernsintheUSoftensuggest AndrewWakefieldandcolleagues’retractedLancetstudy(AW98)–whichI’mverygladthattheLancetfinallyretractedthepaperbyAndrewPELTON,MD thatincorrectlysuggestedalinkbetweenthemeasleshistorywastriggeredbyDrWakefield’sstudyofchildren,publishedintheLancetin().()onskepticismabout MMRvaccinesafetyintheUSSemanticScholarAndrewWakefieldwasfoundguiltybytheGeneralMedicalCouncillastweekofdishonestyandfloutingethics protocolsAlthoughthepaperconcededthatithadnotfoundadefinitelinkbetweenthevaccineandautism,DrWakefield,thenaconsultantgastroenterologist, causedafurorewhenhesuggestedduringapressconferenceattheRoyalFreeAlthoughWakefield’sstudy,whichsuggestsaconnectionbetweentheCNSand thegutinpatientspreviouslyimmunisedwithmeasles,mumps,andrubellavaccine,didnotproveanassociation,ithasstimulatedfurtherdiscussionandopened unanticipatedlinesofinvestigationconcerningtheTHELANCETVolJAndrewWakefieldBYSTEPHENIJWakefieldetalFurthermore,ofconsecutive colonscopiesdoneatGreatOrmondStreetHospital(childrenagedmonthtoyearswithchronicdiarrhoea),childrenwerenotedtohavemacroscopicileal/ileocolonic Lancet;–GangarosaEJ,GalazkaAM,WolfeCR,etal.AtLondon’sRoyalFreeHospital,physicianAndrewWakefieldconductedresearchongastroenterology Chronicnon-specificcolitis,asdescribedbyWakefield,isacommonformofnon-infectivecolonicinflammationintheagegroupstudiedAarticlepublished(and laterretracted)byTheLancetthatlinkedtheonsetofautismwithchildhoodvaccinationisarguablythemostinfluentialretractedscientificpapertodate,atleastin termsofitsimpactonpublichealth