DNA SEQUENCING MARKET SIZE Scope of the Study DNA Sequencing report covers the various Methods of DNA Sequencing, areas of Application and the various Instruments/Software in the market catering to DNA Sequencing. The Methods of DNA Sequencing covered include automated and Non-Automated types of DNA Sequencing. Non-Automated DNA Sequencing methods include Sanger’s, Maxam-Gilbert, Pyrosequencing and Other methods (such as Shot-gun Sequencing). The areas of Applications of DNA Sequencing include Medical Research, Agriculture & Animal Husbandry and DNA Testing & Forensics. DNA Sequencing in Medical Research includes Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Diagnostics. The Instruments/Software includes Instruments, which aid in DNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics. Instruments include DNA Sequencers, DNA Synthesizers, DNA Sequencing Kits and Microarray Technology. The report provides an in depth analysis of each of the Methods, Applications and Instrument/software areas by their respective categories. The study includes estimates and projections for the total global DNA Sequencing market and also key regional markets that include North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Japan and Rest of World. Estimates and projections are illustrated graphically. Business profiles of 53 major companies are discussed in the report. The report serves as a guide to global DNA Sequencing industry, as it covers more than 500 companies that are engaged in DNA Sequencing, R&D, discovery, testing and supply of Instruments and Software. Major Contract Research Organizations serving DNA Sequencing industry are also covered in the Corporate Directory section of this report. Information related to recent product releases, product developments, partnerships, collaborations, and mergers and acquisitions is also covered in the report. DNA Sequencing report is an ideal research tool providing strategic business intelligence to the corporate sector. This report may help strategists, investors, laboratories, pharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations, biotechnology companies and drug approval authorities in --
Gauging Competitive Intelligence Identifying Key Growth Areas and Opportunities Understanding Geographic Relevance to Product Knowing Regional Market Sizes and Growth Opportunities and Restraints Keeping Tab on Emerging Technologies Equity Analysis Tapping New Markets Analytics and Data Presented in this Report Pertain to Several Parameters Such as –
Global And Regional Market Sizes, Market Shares, Market Trends Product (Global And Regional) Market Sizes, Market Shares, Market Trends Technology Trends Corporate Intelligence Key Companies By Sales, Brands, Products Consumer Behavioral Patterns
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Other Strategic Business Affecting Data
Research Methodology RI Technologies publishes business intelligence reports by going through a cycle of diligent research and analysis activity. Research is done using both online and offline resources. The study outline of this report is sketched on the following lines – global market analysis, regional market analysis, product segmentation, global and regional market analysis by product segment, market trends, M&A, R&D, competitive landscape, technology trends, and other key drivers. Current data helps in analyzing the future of the industry and is also helpful for doing market evaluations, and estimating the market size for the future. This report is uniquely researched and the methodology includes:
Need and Scope of Study Product Definitions Segmental Analysis Regional Analysis Exclusive Data Analytics Corporate Intelligence Feedback Right from concept to final compilation of this report, both primary and secondary research methods are applied. We have provided exclusive feedback forms/pre-release questionnaires for this report to use the information for authentication of our own findings. Secondary research includes government publications, investment research reports, web based surveys, website information of both companies and markets, and other offline resources such as print publications and CDs. Our compilation of easy to navigate PDF reports is essential value addition resources for leading and growing companies.
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II. REPORT SYNOPSIS Localization of DNA It is said that ‘like begets like’, meaning tigers give birth only to tigers, cats only to cats and so on. It is called heredity. The unique molecule underlying heredity is deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Each offspring of a species inherits this DNA from its parents. This hereditary material is localized in every cell of the body and it is identical in all the cells of an individual. Much of DNA is contained within the nucleus [nuclear DNA], whereas a small quantity is also found in the mitochondria [mtDNA]. Mitochondria are concerned with producing the energy required for the cellular activities. In sexual reproduction, both the parents contribute to the nuclear DNA equally, whereas only the female parent contributes the mtDNA to the offspring. This is because only the egg contains mitochondria and the sperm does not bring them in the process of fertilization. The nuclear DNA constitutes the genome of an organism. The nuclear DNA is large in quantity and hence it is tightly packed into structures called chromosomes. Most of the time in the lifecycle of a cell DNA remains in this condensed form, but at the time of cell division it unwinds so that it can be replicated and equally distributed to the daughter cells. DNA unwinds also during certain biological processes such as protein synthesis for which it stores specific instructions.
Composition of DNA DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group and nitrogenous bases. The nitrogenous bases are of two types, namely, purines and pyrimidines. Adenine [A] and guanine [G] are purines, whereas cytosine [C] and thymine [T] are pyrimidines. Each base is linked to the sugar molecule, which in turn is connected to the phosphate back- bone. The sugar and phosphate form the strand of DNA.
Structure of DNA DNA is usually a double stranded structure. The two strands are connected by nitrogenous base pairs. Adenine specifically pairs with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Therefore, the two strands are complementary to each other. In other words, if the sequence of bases in one strand is known, that of other strand can be inferred easily. The DNA molecule looks like a ladder, the steps being formed of base pairs, while the alternating sugar – phosphate forming the side pieces. The two strands of DNA are wound around each other to give a helical configuration to this DNA molecule. The pairing of the bases is through weak hydrogen bonds. Adenine and thymine [A – T] are held together by two hydrogen bonds, while guanine and cytosine [G – C] by three hydrogen bonds. The base pairing is through hydrogen atom of one base with oxygen or nitrogen atom of its corresponding base. The hydrogen atom of amino group is the hydrogen donor, while the carbonyl oxygen and ring nitrogen are hydrogen acceptors. The specificity of A – T and G – C pairing is due to the specific location of these donors and acceptors. Mismatch pairing does not usually occur. Different forms of DNA exist. The most common one is B – DNA, in which the number of base pairs will be
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10.5 per complete turn. The different forms of DNA bear biological significance.
Heredity and DNA DNA is the carrier of genetic information in living organisms. It is said to be the blue print of an organism coordinating the various cellular activities and development. It regulates growth and metabolism and controls the traits, for example eye color. The order or sequence of the bases constitutes the specific instruction for a trait or activity. For example, the sequence ATCGTT may code for blue eye color and ATCGCT may express into brown eye color. But complex traits like intelligence appear to be influenced partly by inheritance and partly by environmental condition Human DNA is made up of around 3 billion base pairs. About 99% of these bases are identical in all individuals.
Segmentation of DNA Sequencing Exhibit 1. Segmentation of Global DNA Sequencing Market by Methods, and Instruments/Software Method
Application
Instruments/Software
1. Automated
1. Medical Research a.) Proteomics b.) Pharmacogenomics c.) Molecular Diagnostics
1. Instruments a.) DNA Sequencers b.) DNA Synthesizers c.) DNA Sequencing Kits d.) Microarray Technology
2. Non-Automated a.) Sanger’s b.) Maxam-Gilbert c.) Pyrosequencing d.) *Other
2. Agriculture & Animal Husbandry
2. Bio-Informatics
3. DNA Testing & Forensics
*Other includes Shotgun Sequencing, Electrophoresis and Spectroscopy © RIT, 2013
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II. REPORT SYNOPSIS Global Market Analysis Global DNA Sequencing market is projected to reach about US$XX.XX billion by 2020 from an estimated US$ XX.XX billion in 2012, growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX.XX % during the analysis period 2005-2020. Exhibit 2. DNA Sequencing – Global Market Estimations & Predictions (2005 -2020) in US$ Billion Year
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© RIT Figures, 2013
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III. MARKET DYNAMICS MARKET OVERVIEW Purpose of DNA Sequencing The introduction of DNA sequencing has extensively accelerated the pace of biological research and various discoveries. The quick pace of sequencing can easily be achieved by employing sophisticated modern DNA sequencing technology. This has enabled the large-scale sequencing of the human genome, which is part of the Human Genome Project. The numerous related projects by scientific collaboration have succeeded in generating the complete DNA sequences of for many plants, animals and microbial genomes across the globe. The success of the human genome project has led to rapid advances in the life science industry. The life science industry in all aspects has received and will carry on receiving a tremendous amount of benefit from the human genome project. The entire range of processes from drug discovery to the progress and introduction of novel therapeutics are expected to contribute to this effect. It is estimated that to develop a drug, an average investment of $500 million has to be incurred. Out of the drugs that are presented for drug approval only 30% are able to break even. Thus it can be seen that pharmaceutical companies are working against high odds, so the need for streamlining and optimization of the recognition of new therapeutics is an extremely urgent matter. The solution to these problems lies in the profiling of pharmacogenomics. This will help in developing new medicines, which will be efficacious and will be able to achieve the desired result much faster. This will also augment the diagnostics for the developed drugs, which have already been positioned in the market. With an eye on these potential benefits pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are keenly looking forward to the use of pharmacogenomics to help them identify compounds that have a profile of good safety and efficacy outlines. An interesting proposition is the review of technologies that are predicted to influence the pharmacogenomics industry and also to consider the main contributors and their developmental progress. One area of research would be developing PCRs that can amplify multiple regions of genome or multiplex PCRs. An alternate to PCR technology will also be attempted. Pharmaceutical companies are realizing the importance of drug discovery procedures like DNA sequencing, which reduce time as well as cost of developing a product. In addition, they also verify the effectiveness of a drug. DNA sequencing is showing promising results in treating pathogenic infections like HIV and Hepatitis virus, as well as other ailments. However, it is gaining prominence because it offers a ray of hope for those afflicted with genetic disorders.
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Global Market Analysis Global DNA Sequencing market is projected to reach about US$XX.XX billion by 2020 from an estimated US$ XX.XX billion in 2012, growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX.XX % during the analysis period 2005-2020. Exhibit 3. DNA Sequencing – Global Market Estimations & Predictions (2005-2020) in US$ Billion by Geographic Region for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Japan and Rest of World Year/Region
North America
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Japan
Rest of World
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© RIT Figures, 2013
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Exhibit 4. DNA Sequencing –Global Market Shares (2010, 2015 & 2020) by Geographic Region for North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Japan and Rest of World Year
North America
Europe
Asia-Pacific
Japan
Rest of World
Total
2010
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100
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100
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100
© RIT Figures, 2013
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DNA Sequencing - Analysis by Application Exhibit 5. DNA Sequencing (2005-2020) – Global Market Analysis (Current & Future) by Application for Medical Research, Agriculture & Animal Husbandry and DNA Testing & Forensics in US$ Billion Year/Application
Medical Research
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DNA Testing/Forensics
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DNA SEQUENCING – MARKET OUTLOOK United States and Europe are fore runners in DNA Sequencing based applications. Asia-Pacific and Japan rank high in terms of CAGR. DNA Sequencing market’s growth rate is influenced by its increasing demand in areas of research, Pharmacogenomics and Forensics. DNA Forensics is considered as the most prominent and fast developing areas of research in the present day science. Forensic identification of DNA is applied in many of the purposes. DNA Forensics is utilized to identify crime suspects from the crime site by studying the tissue evidences that are left behind at the site by the culprits. The study is considered effective in absolving the people who are falsely accused of crimes that are not actually committed by them. The other major application of DNA forensics are in detecting extinct and endangered species of wild animals that are carried away by poachers and hunters. Although it was proved that 99% of the human DNA sequences were identical in nature, there were individual variations in the human genome that contributed to differences. The reason why each person responds in a different way to the same disease has to be probed. Variations in the DNA sequence hold the secret of variations in human responses in such factors as bacteria, chemicals, toxins, viruses, drugs and drug therapies. New sequencing activity has reached the maximum limit. The high-throughput genome centers are definitely being set up for high-throughput sequencing but the rapidity and proliferation that was observed when the human genome sequencing was undertaken has all but disappeared. Frenetic activity and large financial inputs were noted in the human genome sequencing. Unusually high numbers of sequencing and adaptations were made with sequencers like genotyping or resequencing. Researchers are finding a better understanding of particular genes or diseases because of the resequencing of some parts of the genome for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms. This has turned into the mainstay in sequencing systems. It has been noted that there is a preference for DNA sequencers over microarrays because DNA sequencers are having a larger installed base. It could be mentioned that microarray platforms can perform resequencing only. On the other hand, DNA sequencers are useful for both SNP genotyping and sequencing. Sequencing gives a rich harvest of data but the interpretation of the same is vital. The resequencing of fragments of the human genome no doubt does help us to understand particular diseases with the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms and this holds a prime place of importance. The progress however points in the direction of diagnostics. One must admit that diagnostics sequencing is still in a nascent stage……………………………
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