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Themostcommontypesofnetworksare:LocalAreaNetworks(LANS)andInthefollowingsectionsyouwilllearnaboutseveraldifferenttypesofnetwork topologies:BusWhatisacomputernetwork?IPaddressesarebitlong,hierarchicaladdressingschemeNetworkIPAddressLogicalAddress=ComputerMobile PhoneTabletHeadsetNetworkTopologiesAcomputerphysicalnetworktopologyistheactuallayoutorphysicaldesignandintercon-nectionofacomputer networkYoucanactuallysetupanetworkconnectiononasinglecomputeraswellAnodecanbeacomputer,printer,oranyotherdeviceAcomputernetwork canincludedifferenttypesofhosts(alsocallednodes)likeserver,desktop,laptop,cellularphonesAnetworkBasicofNetworkingComponentsofacomputer network:hosts(PCs,laptops,handhelds)routers&switches(IProuter,Ethernetswitch)links(wired,wireless)protocols(IP,TCP,CSMA/CD,CSMA/CA) applications(networkservices)humansandserviceagentsAtopologyincludesthecablinganddevicesthatarepartofthenetworkAcomputerNetworkingis simplycommunicationbetweentwocomputersconnectedonanetwork.Acomputernetworkconsistsofacollectionofcomputers,printersandotherequipment thatisconnectedtogethersothattheycancommunicatewitheachComputerNetworkAnetworkisasetofdevices(oftenreferredtoasnodes)connectedby communicationlinksNetworkingHosts,routers&linksformthehardwaresideApartfromcomputers,networksincludenetworkingdeviceslikeswitch,router, modem,etccomputernetworkingconceptsbeforeyoubeginexploringtheworldofover-the-air(wireless)networkingtechnology,wirelessterminology,and mobilitydevicesareusedtoconnectmultiplecomputersindifferentsettingsNetworkLayer(Cont)IPisastandardthatdefinesthemannerinwhichthenetwork layersoftwohostsinteractWideAreaNetworksComputerNetworkingDefined:TheWholeConceptWhatisComputerNetworking?NetworkingDevice InformationcanbetransmittedoverdifferenttypesofAnetworkissimplytwoormorecomputersthatarelinkedtogetherFigureAcomputernetworkThis chapterNetworkRoutingandCongestionNetworkAddresses,RoutesandTopologyDatagramsandVirtualCallsRoutingDatagramsDynamicRoutingLoad BalancingRe-RoutingComputernetworkshaveusedvarioustypesofphysicalmediatoexchangeinformation,notably:electricalcableComputerNetworkingis simplytheformationofacomputernetwork