“You take delight not in a city's seven or seventy wonders, but in the answer it gives to a question of yours.” - Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities
MA A+U Group11 Evangelia Billa Juihuang Ou Qiwei Peng Rui Mao Samar Manneh Siyuan Ye Zichen Liu
The Porto Marghera is a project that aims to regenerate the first industrial zone located in the mainland in Venice, prepared in studio A by students of group 11 of the MA Architecture and Urbanism course at Manchester School of Architecture 2019/2020.
CONTENT 1. SITE ANALYSIS 2. KEY ISSUES 3. DESIGN METHODOLOGY 4. FUTURE:PORTO MARGHERA 2050 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
SITE ANALYSIS SITE ANALYSIS Location & Scale History Timeline
SITE ANALYSIS History Timeline
Porto Marghera was a result of the need to protect tourism in Venice and the lack of housing space in Venice. Thus, industries were transferred to the first industrial zone, that is our site.
SITE ANALYSIS Surroundings
While analysing the urban fabric and the availability of basic services surrounding our site, main challenges and potentials were found and depicted.
As seen in the land use map, the site lacks basic services and is almost abandoned, while the majority of services is gathered in the centre of Mestre and Marghera. However, very close to the north of the site is placed the University Ca’ Foscari.
The current scene in our site. From the pictures it can be seen that the site is a post-industrial site with mainly large-scale industrial buildings, that are all abandoned except for the VEGA Scientific centre (pic 2).
KEY ISSUES
Lack of Connection
The first major issue that appears in our site is the lack of connection with Venice, the airport and the university nearby. For example, while the university is less than a kilometre away, it is hard to go from the university to our site unless by taking a long detour through Mestre. Although our site is surrounded with water and was intended to be a port, it lacks water connection with its surroundings, especially Venice. Finally, besides the fact that there are two big airports in the area, there is no direct connection with them.
KEY ISSUES
Poor Accessbility
The second major issue facing the site is poor accessibility, due to Via della Libertà -a 55 metres wide road at the north of it. This road has five lanes for trains and five lanes for cars, but Porto Marghera is serviced by only one car lane of them. The site is attached to the highway for a distance of 1.3 km. However, the pedestrians’ accessibility from the opposite side is achieved by only one small bridge.
KEY ISSUES
Toxic Living Environment
As a former industrial area, Porto Margehra appears to have high levels of pollution. These form an unfriendly living environment for people and nature. In addition to this, the existence of the highway makes the area isolated and unsafe to live in.
KEY ISSUES
Natural Disaster
The venetian Lagoon is frequently affected by flooding. The map illustrates the main traumatised areas by the flooding in 2007, in Mestre and Marghera cities. These areas are the most likely to be affected again by floods. Thus, this causes a major challenge to deal with in our site and the whole lagoon.
The land and the buildings are highly contaminated and hazardous, thus the reclamation of them is considered crucial. However, during the analysis some buildings are found to be worth keeping, so as to preserve the industrial identity of the area.
KEY ISSUES
Industrial Heritage
Design Methodology Metabolic Relationship
In order to achieve stronger links with surrounding forces (University, Forte Marghera, cities), a “super campus” is promoted in the heart of our area and has a direct link to the university of Venice science campus located less than 0.5 mile away. Moreover, more amenities and facilities are placed in the site to support this super campus and create a “life cycle”.
Design Methodology Enhancing Accessibility
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Our existing plan fully considers the connection between the base and the park. Through this station we can closely integrate our theme（ super campus and "pastoral utopia" ）. As a link campus between the super campus and the farm in the base, the station can fully reflect our theme. At the same time, it has established contact with the adjacent park, so that the residents and students in the base can enter the park more easily. I agree with your suggestion to change the station position for future development, so as to connect the area outside the base and the hotel. But I think it's also good for the future to attract more people to our design area
PARK
CANAL
STATIONS
BRIDGES
WeOur tackled the problem of accessibility strategies. Canals,the stations, existing plan fully considerswith the three connection between basebridges. and the park. Through this station we can closely integrate our theme（ super campus and "p 1)Introducing newsuper canals: Due to and the fact represent a vital aspect of fully the resident's daily lives, At a new added, providingcontact them with more between the campus the that farmwater in the base, the station can reflect our theme. the major samecanal time,was it has established with the water adjacent park connection. students in the base can enter the park more easily. I agree with your suggestion to change the station position for future development, so as to connect the are 2)New Stations: Three new stations were proposed in strategic places in our site. The main one, which is the transport hub, is located at the junction of Via della Libertà and Via hotel. But I think it's also good for the future to attract more people to our design area Piacinotti. Moreover, the second one is a minor train stop located in the north of our site, across the road, to enhance the connection with Mestre and the university. Finally, the third one serves as a vaporetto station which minimizes travel distance through water connection and direct connection with the city of Venice. 3)Pedestrian Bridges: three bridges are proposed so as to achieve better pedestrian connectivity. By doing that, direct connection with university and Forte Marghera is accomplished.
Design Methodology
Sustainble Living Environment
As a post-industrial site, our main aim after remediating the earth is to bring people to the site. The most efficient strategy to do that is making that place inhabitable 24-hours, by creating residential areas, that have essential vitality all the hours.
Towards a more sustainable, safe, and friendly space, the inhabitants will take care of it because it is up to them to protect and develop further the place, they live in. We focus our research on regional typology, so as to take the scale of buildings and the ratio of the builtup area to the open space
First of all, the typology method provides continuity to the city and it gives similar identity to our site, in relation to the surrounding. Moreover, identifying urban typology is a key for defining user-friendly place. Finally, the method of typologies is sustainable to use because buildings and spaces among them can be transformed easily to other functions for future development.
Distance from PM: Distance 8.2 km from PM: 8.2 km 3
Building type: GARDEN Building type: CITY HOUSES GARDEN CITY HOUSES 3
3035mm
5m
Building type: GARDEN Building type: CITY HOUSES GARDEN CITY HOUSES Building type: Building GARDEN Building type: type: CITY GARDEN Building HOUSES GARDEN type: CITY CITY HOUSES GARDEN HOUSES CITY HOUSES 30m
Orientation: S/E/W/N Orientation: S/E/W/N
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Stories: 2-3-4 Stories: 2-3-4
Stories: 2-3-4 Stories: 2-3-4 2-3-4 Stories: 2-3-4 Stories: Stories: 2-3-4 2-3-4 Stories: 25m
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Ground floor: PRIVATE Ground GARDENS floor: PRIVATE GARDENS
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Ground floor: PRIVATE Ground GARDENS floor: PRIVATE GARDENS Ground floor: Ground PRIVATE Ground floor: GARDENS floor: PRIVATE Ground PRIVATE GARDENS floor: GARDENS PRIVATE GARDENS
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building -Ratio outdoor: building - outdoor: 1/3 1/3 RatioRatio building Ratio -Ratio outdoor: building building 1/3 -Ratio outdoor: - 1/3 outdoor: building 1/31/3 - outdoor:
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We areConverting targeting the citizen of Mestre, Marghera and Venice along from the nearby Converting famous “Garden City” planning methology to our site, awith low density, mixed used self contained Converting the the famous the “Garden famous “Garden City” planning City” planning methology methology to our site, to our a low site, density, a students low density, mixed used mixed selfused contained selfuniversity contained campus. The typologies of these cities are studied, so as to create familiar urban fabric that these citizens community is therefore created. Alongside numerous other functions like primary school and medicommunity community is therefore is famous therefore created. created. Alongside Alongside withwith numerous with numerous other functions other functions like market, like market, primary school and school mediand mediConverting the “Garden City” planning methology to our site, amarket, lowprimary density, mixed used self contained will adapt to supporting easily. calcommunity service, inhabitants and students in nearby university campus. cal service, cal supporting service, the the inhabitants the inhabitants and students andwith students in nearby inuniversity nearby university campus. campus. issupporting therefore created. Alongside numerous other functions like market, primary school and medi6m
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Building type: COURTYARD Building type: COURTYARD Building type: Building COURTYARD Building type: type: COURTYARD Building COURTYARD type: COURTYARD Building type: COURTYARD Building type: COURTYARD m m 40
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Distance from PM: Distance 4.8km from PM: Distance from Distance PM: Distance 4.8km from PM: Distance PM: 4.8km 4.8km from4.8km PM:PM: 4.8km Distance from PM: Distance 4.8km from 4.8km
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MESTRE MESTRE MESTRE MESTRE MESTRE MESTRE MESTRE MESTRE
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Private Gardens
Design Methodology
Sustainble Living Environment
Our main goal is to remediate the natural environment and since our site lacks any trace of natural habitat -flora and fauna-, we aim to bring it as close as possible to the n a t u ra l h a b i t a t o f the nearby the Delta Po a r e a . C r e a t i o n of farm lands is suggested, so as to help the economic sustainability of the area. As a part of our sustainable living strategy, we aim to use renewable natural energy resources such as water, wind, and solar en er gy by ma ki n g u s e o f r a i n w a t e r, providing wind mills, and solar panels.
Design Methodology
Sustainble Living Environment
RESIST DELAY Using the seawall at the edge, the RESIST strategy attemps to protect the land from surge.
STORE DELAY
RESIST
During a flood event, DEALY strategy transforms the city into a sponge,slowing and diverting the flow of water.
RESIST DELAY
RESIST
After a flooding event, water is strategically stored in the green roofs or basins.
RESIST
FLOOD WALL
WATER-GATE DAM
Programmed hard infrastructure for coastal defense and residential protection.Reinforce the shore foundation as the first line of defense on land to withstand the impact of tide and flood. Within the land, including the dwellings and campus surroundings, liftable flood shields were used to isolate the floods.
DELAY
VEGETATED TERRACING
GREEN ROOF
The specific facilities are green terraces and green roofs.This slower rate of flow gives more time for the drainage to do its job.Vegetated terracing provides an additional layer of protection, filtration, and delay at the shoreline. A roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation. Green absorb, delay, and clean rainwater.
STORE Bioretention basins collect rainwater runoff, filtering the water and slowly allowing it to evaporate into the air or exfiltrate through lower layers of soil.Waterproof tank is buried under parks and sports fields for holding water, usually rainwater.
BIO-BASIN
CISTERN
Buffer wetlands are proposed for flood protection, so as to replace part of the concrete waterfronts. Creation of natural sunken plazas are suggested, which during the dry season are used as part of the green park and during the floods are supposed to be filled with sea water. In those ponds are designed landscape warning lines, which are going to warn the people about the level of the water.
Design Methodology
Recontour Existing Buildings
Water Front Living Space
Art Sculpture &Extreme Sports Park
Observation Platform
Sports Field
Community Garden
Piazza
Apart from making Porto Marghera a liveable place, we focus on the preservation of “Locus and characteristic� which is something important for a regeneration project like this one. Recontouring monumental industrial heritage include changing their uses to provide further amenities to the site, such as waterfronts, observation platforms, sports fields, container parks, community gardens, piazzas, and event spaces.
Farm
Pedestrian Bridge
Container Park
Jogging & Cycling Trail
Flood Protection (Bio Basin)
Event Space
Design Methodology
Heritage Conservation and Renewal
01
02
03
Stages for festival events or perform
Open-air Cinema
Exhibition Plaza for artworks
04
05
06
Weekend Children’s Park
Containers Park
Summer Fountain Plaza
01
02
03
04
05
06
Design Methodology
Heritage Conservation and Renewal
Original Chimney
New Structure 1
Sprial Staircase
Platform for Sightseeing New Structure 2
New Structure 3 Classical Fountain
Design Methodology
Heritage Conservation and Renewal
Design Methodology
Heritage Conservation and Renewal
PORTO MARGHERA 2050 Master Plan
In 2050, one day, when you plan a trip to Venice, on the plane, you will never ignore the vivid land before you arrive...
ENTRY/EXIT OF SITE
PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
ROUNDABOUT
COASTAL TRAIL
CROSSING
INDUSTRIAL HERRITAGE
ENTRY/EXIT OF SITE
PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
ROUNDABOUT
COASTAL TRAIL
CROSSING
INDUSTRIAL HERRITAGE
OAK TREE ALMOND TREE Ficus Carica Tree
HARD PAVEMENT
BEECHES TREE
LOW MEADOWS AND LAWNS
PINUS PINEA
HIGH MEADOWS AND SHRUBS
OAK TREE ALMOND TREE Ficus Carica Tree
HARD PAVEMENT
BEECHES TREE
LOW MEADOWS AND LAWNS
PINUS PINEA
HIGH MEADOWS AND SHRUBS
COLORFUL PLANTS
COLORFUL PLANTS
This’s our master plan. We have 2 main entrances. Those main road for cars through the roundabout in the middle of super campus. Coastal trail and pedestrian circulation surround all landscape nodes and activities plazas. From the north to the South, with the density of roads and buildings decrease, you can notice bigger and bigger area for green.
PORTO MARGHERA 2050 Materials
1.Residential & 3.Farm
MATERIALS AND COLOUR
Roof Tiles & Dark
1
Wall Brick & Mainly Red , Yellow and Light Green
PATTERNS
Roof
Wall
2
3
2.Super campus External wall
MATERIALS AND COLOUR
Bare concrete & White and Light Yellow
Steel & White and Light Yellow
Glass & Colorless and Colors
External wall
PATTERNS
PORTO MARGHERA 2050 Phase of Progress
2020 - 2035 (Groundbreaking Phase) Detoxify of Land
2035 - 2050 (Development Phase)
Super Campus I
As a long term redevelopment project, the process had been divided into 3 phases. Starting with the detoxification of post industrial lands by planting plants like alpine pennycress and pigweeds. Which is considered the best plants for detoxifying the land. Following with the construction of super campus to attract the first batch of inhabitants.
AFTER 2050 (Future) Super Campus II
Self-Contained Community Pastoral Utopia Farm The Expansion
Process of Land Detoxification
Green Energy Generation
As the development process continues, the need of energy increases synchronously. To minimize carbon footprint, the project introduced green energy generators to produce clean energy supporting the increasing need when more inhabitants move into the self-contained community and the second stage of super campus. Successfully progressing for more than 30 years, we think there is a potential for this project to expand.
0.29%
48.9%
51.1%
Males Females
GENDER AGE GR NATION
16.1%
22.9%
675K 0 - 17 years 18 - 64 years 65+ years
61%
630K
Further analysis o
585K
EDUCATI
540K
22.9%
495K 1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
75.7%
Italian Foreign
Even in a tourist area lik part of life. 24.8% of the p the population pursue h has some kind of univer
2030
80+ years
70-79 years
60-69 years
50-59 years
40-49 years
30-39 years
10-19 years
20-29 years
Venice's 2019 population is now estimated at 636,244. In 1950, the population of Venice was 515,006. Venice has grown by 7,383 since 2015, which represents a 0.29% annual change.
0-9 years
POPULATION
AGE DISTRIBU
PORTO MARGHERA 2050 Population
ECONOMIC
Trillion 2.5
Economic activity
R (E2019) ROUPS NALITY
of population
ION
%
ke Venice, educating citizens is an essential population have bachelor degree, 17.4% of higher education. 33.5% of the population rsity that has not completed a full degree.
UTION(E 2019)
0.0
Venice
Mestre Marghera
2000
% % sector sector product （region)（Italy)
GDP
Primary (agriculture,farming,fishing) € 2303.3 Secondary (industry, processing, € 34673.6 manufacturing) Constructions € 8607.7 Tertiary (Commerce,hotels and € 28865.8 restaurants,tourism and transport) Financial activities and real estate € 31499.4 Other types of services € 19517.2 VAI and taxes € 13526.4 GDP of Veneto (2006) € 138993.5
1.66
1.84
24.95
18.3
6.19
5.41
20.77
20.54
22.66 14.04 9.73
24.17 18.97 10.76
91000 645786 88552 28000
Venice
POPULATION
Mestre
Marghera
Other areas of Venezla Met City
Other areas of Venezla Met City 76%
CONCLUSION The population of Mestre and Marghera has exceeded that of Venice, and this trend will become more and more obvious with the increase of population density in Venice. So the residential land of porto marghera still has a lot of development space.
PORTO MARGHERA 2050 Super Campus
For our main goal, our plan will be the foothold for young people who graduate from universities around it. Hence, we introduce companies and create incubator areas for providing jobs and cost-effective offices in super campus. There also are museum, sport field, cafe for entertainment. After those young people are able to find a permanent job in that place, they may create their families and settle down in convenient and cheaper residential area, near the super campus.
PORTO MARGHERA 2050 Self-Contained Community
CANAL-WAY SECTIONS
BUFFER ZONE
PORTO MARGHERA 2050 Utopian Farm
In the south of the site a utopia farm is proposed for cultivation of food and organic products, that can be consumed by the residents themselves and even exported to neighbouring areas. The farm is divided in four sections, that they all work together to produce energy from renewable resources, so as to serve the residential areas and the super-campus. The place not only encourage a self-sufficient community, but also engages people during the process of cultivation and therefore enhances their social life. Furthermore, people from the surrounding areas can spend their spare time in this lively and healthy environment.
POPULAR PR ODUC TIONS
AREA SIZE S
PR ODUC ION VALUE
20%
126,000㎡
1.25€*0.76
22%
138,600㎡
2€*1.2
22%
138,600㎡
0.19€*0.3
9%
567,00㎡
1.6€*4.5
11%
69,300㎡
1.8€*0.36
4%
25,200㎡
1.92€*3
12%
75,600㎡
0.5€*1.5
WIND ENER G Y
SOLAR PANELS
TOTAL €1,115,238.6
R OOF SOLAR PANELS
WI ND ENER GY 60%
P O TAT O T O M AT O W H E AT
SOLAR ENERGY 40%
GRAPE ORANGE
MON E Y SAVIN G
BANANA SUNFLOWER
1 yea r≈ 100K W**3*1800h
1 yea r≈ 1K W*60*4*1500h
60,300€/year
PORTO MARGHERA 2050
Transport I·nterchange Station
Bibliography
1.Bertelli G, Porto Marghera – The Last Firebrands (2004) 2.Calvino, I. (1972). Invisible Cities. [Place of publication not identified]: Giulio Einaudi. 3.Foscara P, L’Evoluzione Del Porto Industriale Di Marghera Dalle Origini Al Secondo Dopoguerra (1917 –1963), <http://paduaresearch.cab. unipd.it/4769/1/tesi_def_web.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2JtHmZoJVFFxsaYHOHXXlfxqZwLRUFKZKACxrqNFlyqnZXBxpKnmW6Iyc> 4.Howard, D., 2002, The architectural history of Venice, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press 5.Hoyer, J., Dickhaut, W., Kronawitter, L., Weber, B., 2011, Water Sensitive Urban Design: Principles And Inspiration For Sustainable Stormwater Management In The City Of The Future. Berlin: Jovis Verlag 6.Humanity Department, Cronologia Porto Marghera 1970-oggi, Università Ca 'Foscari Venezia, [no date], <https://www.unive.it/ data/34357/>, (accessed 10 December 2019). 7.Jacobs, J., 1961, The Death And Life Of Great American Cities 8.Koolhaas, R., 1994. Delirious New York, A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers. 9.LIM, C.J., Liu E., 2019. SMARTCITIES, RESILIENT LANDSCAPES + ECO-WARRIORS. Routledge 10.Mancuso F, 'Da Venezia A Marghera', (IUVA (Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia), 2015) 11.Rossi, A., 1966. The Architecture Of The City. (16th edn, MIT Press 2007)
“The best way to predict your future is to create it.” - Abraham Lincoln