25 September

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SEPTEMBER 2025 VOL. 1

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WHEN COAL WAS KING

EXPERIENCE ROSLYN WASHINGTON

For Kittitas County resident Chelsea Stalder photography has been a lifelong passion. She picked up her first camera at just 8-years-old, sparking a creative journey that has grown into a vibrant way to connect with her community.

Stalder’s love for photography intertwined with her professional life while working as an event coordinator at Heritage Distilling Company in Roslyn.

Surrounded by local businesses, rich history and the charm of Roslyn, she realized she could capture more than just moments — she could capture the spirit of a town.

That idea blossomed into Experience Roslyn WA, an Instagram account dedicated to highlighting the beauty, businesses and people of Upper Kittitas

County. From Elk Heights to Ronald and beyond, Stalder uses her lens to shine a light on the unique stories that make the community special.

“I wanted to create a space where locals and visitors alike could see what makes this area so incredible,” Stalder said. “Roslyn has so much history, character, and creativity — and every business and street corner has its own story.”

Since its launch, Experience Roslyn WA has quickly gained attention as both a visual love letter to the region and a helpful guide for those looking to explore it. Stalder continues to combine her passion for photography with her devotion to supporting small businesses and sharing the heart of Roslyn with the world.

CHELSEA STALDER 1883 Kittitas County

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Local photographer Aricka Webb captured a spectacular sunset behind the Stuart Range.

— Photo courtesy Aricka Webb

ON THE COVER This month’s cover features several vintage photos that portray a significant part of Kittitas County history - coal miners. The black rock was found in abundance throughout northern Kittitas County and it brought people of many nationalities here to work the mines in search of a better life for themselves and their families.

Many of their descendants still call these quaint towns home today.

— Photos courtesy of Washington Rural Heritage

PUBLISHER’S NOTE September in Kittitas County carries its own rhythm.

The mornings turn crisp, school doors swing open, rodeo memories still echo in the air and the land stretches out in shades of lightly burned butter. It’s a month that reminds us of where we’ve been and where we’re going, rooted in both tradition and change.

This September begins with an especially meaningful moment for our community: The Wall That Heals in Rotary Park. Standing before it you can’t help but feel the weight of history and the depth of sacrifice it honors. It’s a reminder of the lives given, the families forever changed and the gratitude we owe.

From reflection we move into celebration. We gather downtown for the traditions that fill our streets with life—Bite of the ‘Burg and Buskers in the Burg—where food, music, art and talent bring neighbors together in the kind of joy that makes this county so special.

Inside this issue you’ll discover stories that speak to

Robyn Smith, Publisher Andrea Paris, Editor/Designer Contact us at editor1883kittitascounty@gmail.com

1883 K I T T I T A S LIVE

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ENJOY

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EXPLORE

the strength and character of our communities, past and present. We visit the Roslyn Miners Wall, a lasting tribute to those who built lives and futures in this valley’s rugged hills. We share the legacies of the Craven and Donaldson families, whose roots and contributions remind us how much individual families shape the larger story of Kittitas County.

And, a story about the humans and non-humans who dedicate their lives in rescuing others. As always, you’ll find even more voices, events and moments that make this place shine.

As 1883 heads into another autumn, I remain grateful for your response to our passion, stories, for your traditions and for the way this community continues to inspire us month after month. Thank you for allowing us to reflect, celebrate and share alongside you.

1883 Kittitas County is a publication of Spark Pug Productions. It is a monthly publication. Free editions may be found in numerous sites throughout Kittitas County.

Original stories, story ideas, photographs, illustrations, art or poems about Kittitas County are welcome. Send them to editor1883kittitascounty@gmail.com.

1883 Kittitas County is politically neutral and will not publish any hate speech against any person or entity. 1883 Kittitas County reserves the right to publish or not publish any submitted items, edit all materials for content and check for accuracy.

1883 Kittitas County

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Unearthing a history E

Families lured to Roslyn on promises of work and prosperity

very August the Craven family upholds an important working in the Pacific Northwest, “he was able to lure people with tradition that began back in 1889. Passersby might take a talk of good jobs and good pay,” said Ethel Craven-Sweet, the ninth glimpse of the large African American family and friends and last of the Craven daughters and the one named after their celebrating at the Cle Elum Park and not realize there’s more to mother. the scene than a roasted pig, delicious homecooked sides, singing Shepperson told Black miners of the promising employment along with Marvin Gaye and games for all generations. But walk a they’d find in the west. He mentioned a new mine, the No. 3, little closer, and visitors will start to hear bits of history preserved, where laborers were needed. Meanwhile, he failed to mention that especially from the living of Samuel and Ethel Craven’s 13 children, a strike had broken out in Roslyn, vital information which would who are now in their 80s and 90s. have changed the life course of many had they known. “The labor If you incline an ear, you’ll begin to note the substance of a littlerecruiters weren’t honest,” said Kanashibushan Craven, the eighth known history. You’ll learn that the Roslyn Black Pioneer Picnic of the Craven’s daughters. is a tradition that started as Emancipation Proclamation Day “They talked about good celebration. The picnic was noted for its inviting atmosphere not jobs and wages, but it was a only for family, but for the people of all backgrounds and colors. lie. Some smart Black men Newcomers and regular attendees were thrilled to feast on mutton allowed themselves to be stew and dance into the night on a constructed stage during the used.” earlier years. Though the picnic took a hiatus before World War And despite the fact that II, it was revived in 1978 with the efforts of Beulah Craven-Hart, Shepperson was responsible daughter to Samuel and Ethel. for the founding of the For those unfamiliar with the origins of the small coal mining Black Free Mason Lodge: town, coal seams were discovered in Roslyn back in 1886. Under Knights of Tabor, two the ordinance of Logan Bullitt, the town was named Roslyn. It churches and Big Jim’s became a well-sought destination for more than 24 ethnicities as Colored Club, his initial word spread that the land was coal rich. Some of the most noted deception left a sour taste populations included Serbians, Croatians, Poles, Italians, English in the mouths of many for and Welsh. years to come. The first The Black miners’ presence started back in 1888-1889 soon 50 or so Black miners to after disgruntled miners united with the Knights of Labor and board the trains were from called for a strike. Dissatisfied with the long working hours, the Streator, Ill. Eventually, poor pay and the lack of safety conditions, the miners demanded more than 300 workers a change and took to picketing. In response the Northern Pacific would come from states Railroad brought in more than 300 African American miners such as Alabama, Kentucky, from midwestern and eastern states to serve as a replacement over North Carolina, South the next six months. It was greatest surge in African American Carolina and Virginia in migration to the state.

1888 and 1889.

What follows is a nuanced history, one that is wrought with gains The Cravens’ link to the for those looking to the hope of a post-Jim Crow America and region is their grandmother, setbacks because of some unwilling to honor the progress of an Harriet Jackson (Taylor) Samuel Craven was one of Roslyn’s most respected equal nation. “We can memorize what’s written in history (books),” Williams, who at 17-years- miners. He also was the beloved husband of Ethel said Harriet Joyce Craven, the matriarch of the family, “but we old, arrived on a train with Florence Williams Craven and loving father to 13 know that a lot is left out. History is often written by people who her young son, Fred. She children. Photo courtesy of the Craven Family want control.” was escaping an abusive Northern Pacific was strategic in their ploy, hiring Black first marriage and eager to make a new life for herself west of the businessman Jim Shepperson to do their bidding. Utter his name mountains. She succeeded by homesteading over 250 acres. Today and some of the Cravens will frown or tell you he was not to be she is lauded for her bravery and fortitude. Her image graces the trusted. With the use of brochures that boasted the benefits of CWU project insert, “Through Open Eyes: 1883 Kittitas County 4 September 2025

Continued from previous page Roslyn’s Black History” and appears on the tops of cakes at family get-togethers.

In 1902, the Cravens’ grandfather, David Williams moved to Roslyn from North Carolina and soon after he married Harriet. In 1906, their mother, Ethel Florence Williams, was born. The first Black miners weren’t made aware there was a strike breaking out over their intended destination until Pinkerton guards joined them on board their trains in Montana. These guards were clutching rifles and handing out some to the passengers, alerting them to the trouble brewing ahead.

“We’re not strikebreakers,” Ethel Craven-Sweet, one of Samuel and Ethel Craven’s daughters, clarified, stressing that this derogatory term was placed upon them and has no part of their identity. “We’re Roslyn’s Black Pioneers,” she said.

Headlines from various publications in the Pacific Northwest tell of the turmoil that awaited the first African American residents. The Daily Oregonian Aug. 20, 1888’s headline reads: “Probably Going to Roslyn: A Special Train Loaded with Negro Miners, Detectives, Winchesters.” The article goes on to tell how the detectives built a barricade of logs and wire to protect the Black miners upon arrival, knowing violence could ensue. Governor Semple sent telegrams to Washington State Attorney General Metcalfe, deeming the influx of Black workers an “outrage” and calling for the arrest of the armed guards (Historylink.org). But upon journeying to Roslyn himself, Semple was able to see that the climate wasn’t as tumultuous as he’d thought.

Were the out-of-work miners originally more rattled about their replacement’s skin color, their threatened job

This Roslyn Black Pioneer Picnic shows some of the descendants of the Upper Kittitas County’s Black pioneering families. Photo courtesy of the Craven Family security or both? It’s a question that presents itself even 120 years later. A close examination of written history tells us that the answer is complex at best. After all, a reported 200 white families left Roslyn in early 1889 after their hoped-for terms in the mines weren’t met.

Many others returned to the mines and worked with their Black counterparts, reportedly looking beyond race to get a difficult job done. Historical sources remind us, it was difficult to discern one’s color underground.

Working in such close corridors broke racial barriers and created unity unlike many other professions in the country.

A CONTENTIOUS RECEPTION While it didn’t take long for Black and white miners to work together, what we know of the initial upheaval Continued on Page 6

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1883 Kittitas County

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Hosted by your Kittitas County Rotary Clubs with immense support from the City of Ellensburg

September 2025

Continued from Page 5

families arrived between 1888 and 1889 after the call for labor in the mines was sounded by Jim Shepperson, a Black businessman who failed to tell hopeful miners that a strike was ensuing in Roslyn until their trains were already in motion. Though the initial months in the Upper County were contentious between Black and white miners and not without violence, over time the feuds abated. Miners of different races and ethnicities worked together to complete grueling work underground. Many European miners, who weren’t pleased with their unmet working conditions or what they perceived as their “replacement” workers, left town in early 1889.

Over time some Black families left mining for other job opportunities across the state, many of them less harrowing than coal mining. Today there is only one remaining family from the original Black miners, the Cravens. But though they are one family, they have a history wrought with triumphs, sorrows and perseverance that speaks to only those with a pioneering spirit. Their history is upheld by the descendants who speak of the strength of their ancestors and return year by year to attend events like the annual Roslyn Black Pioneer Picnic and New Year’s Celebrations.

At these uplifting gatherings the family talks with pride of their resilient heritage. They are committed in passing this knowledge on to the younger generations.

Who could forget that their grandmother Harriet had the tenacity and courage to travel alone with a young child and take to homesteading on her own? And who wouldn’t look to Ethel Florence Craven for her calm and perseverance in raising so many children and still caring for others? And who could forget a man with as much strength, capability, and kindness as Samuel Craven?

tells us that even progressive states like Washington left much to be desired on the road to freedom and equality.

Though there are some telling headlines from the time, much of the wrong done is remembered not in writing, but in the memories of Roslyn’s residents.

A Seattle Press journalist wrote, “they came across as slaves, and as slaves they will remain in Roslyn” and then “at the muzzle of Winchester rifles, our free white laborers are displaced by slaves.” And also: “think of the injustice being done to free white miners at Roslyn.”

A headline from Dec. 30, 1888 from The Seattle Press claims that “mob reign rules in Roslyn tonight.” And then a month later, on Jan. 28, 1889, the Tacoma Daily News reported: “Affairs at Roslyn: A Black Miner Shot at a Dance.” The Black miner was reportedly singing at a club. After refusing to stop at the insistence of a drunken white miner, the man was shot and killed.”

The response from the community is not widely recorded, if at all, but reports of subsequent Black miners still being brought to the region follow this early crime. In an article from The Tacoma Daily Ledger on Feb. 15, 1889, it says that “about 300 Blacks arrive at 7 p.m. in eight coaches and three baggage cars.”

At one time tempers over the incoming Black workers struck such a fever pitch that angry Knights of Labor miners dragged Mine Superintendent Alexander Ronald out to the train tracks and tied him down. A railroad Samuel and Ethel Craven celebrate their 40th wedbrakeman leapt from the train and untied him at the last ding anniversary. Photo courtesy of the Craven Family minute, saving his life. (Roslyn: Images through Time).

While widely reported that the Pinkerton guards Harriet Joyce had further insight on the cause of the did their due diligence in guarding the Black miners, deaths of the first Black miners to the state. the newcomers lived in fear and were made to live in “There was a creek in Ronald where Blacks were crude shanties or tents in Jonesville, beyond the town of murdered (when they first arrived here),” she said, Roslyn where they’d thought they’d make their homes.

RAISED IN ROSLYN confirming the century’s-old rumor that there was in “My grandmother carried a gun in her purse for Listen to the Cravens for a little while and it won’t fact further violence over the new miners’ arrival. The protection,” Harriet Joyce said, echoing historical take you long to learn more of Roslyn’s storied place they were buried was called N(explitive) Hill. accounts that speak to the need for Black people to history. While the town of Roslyn was comprised According to Henderson, that location is even listed defend themselves against violence. of more than 24 different nationalities in the early on residents’ birth certificates, but there is strangely no “Coal Towns of the Cascades” tell us the white miners mention of it in any recorded sources.

1900s, there wasn’t a lot of intermingling amongst the who remained were more accepting of the company’s races outside of working hours in the early days. The Within several years of their arrival there was an conditions and the fact that they’d work alongside established burial ground for Black miners. Anyone who fraternal organizations throughout town had a selfBlack miners once the strike ended. While there aren’t visits the Roslyn Cemetery is undoubtedly fascinated by segregating component to them. Among the Black written accounts of further bloodshed, we’re told that, fraternal organizations in Roslyn were the first Prince it: expanding over the hills, the graveyard is segregated, “discrimination took such forms as excluding Blacks Hall Masonic Lodge in Washington territory and a representing the 24 nationalities of people who came from the city cemetery.” lodge of the Knights of Pythias. Black women joined to Roslyn. Mt. Olivet, the Black Cemetery, eventually Despite the absence of written records on burial organizations like Eastern Star and Daughters of the came into being by three Black women: Lilla Nichols, rights for African Americans in those initial days, local Tabernacle. Black families attended Baptist and African Eva Strong and Sally Claxon (who was married to Jim historian/ Kittitas County Coroner Nick Henderson said Shepperson at one time), Harriet Joyce said.

Methodist Episcopal (AME) churches. (www.blackpast. that it was common knowledge that there are unmarked org) While the fraternal organizations and churches Honoring their ancestors has, in part, encouraged graves in Ronald. In fact, he met with Dr. Raymond were established to assist with members’ care, there were brothers Will, Wes and Nathaniel Craven to work as Hall, a Central Washington University professor with times members of differing organizations crossed paths gravediggers at the Roslyn Cemetery over the years. It’s an emphasis in Africana/ Black Studies, who wanted to help one another. One such occasion came “when a work that their father, Samuel —a man noted for his to use ground penetrating radar to identify the graves the entire community needed a school house, and the strength — began, and they took on, though Wes is the and place a memorial near the No. 3 mine in Ronald.

Black citizens of Roslyn offered up their church” (www. only one who continues it today. The Cravens’ devotion Hall completed substantial research for the Africana at Mt. Olivet pays beautiful tribute to the Black pioneers blackpast.org). and Black Studies program at CWU and was African Despite such kindness and the friendships that who have passed, including some of the earliest Black American himself. He passed away in the spring of formed because of it, some Roslyn residents held on miners who weren’t given markers. Though the Craven 2019, which left some of his Roslyn research unfinished. family is faithful in their maintaining the grounds of to their prejudices. “Even when men were no longer (https://www.cwu.edu/anthropology/raymond-hall). fighting over the mines, prejudice fought for them,” said remembered loved ones, visitors also can’t help but Though there’s insufficient funding at this time, reflect on the past and the Black pioneers who gave their Kanashibushan Craven of racial climate that persists in Henderson hopes that more people will become the nation at large. “It’s so subtle that it cuts underneath.” all to make Roslyn such a thriving coal town. interested in honoring the first Black miners who died Even years beyond the initial strike, Kanashibushan with a Memorial. “The area had been leveled by the said “it took a long time for race relations to improve in PART II NWI Company many years ago so we could not use Roslyn. We were not welcome here.”

GPR as they did many years ago,” said Henderson.

Though true that after the strike ended, many Back in 1900, 22% of Roslyn was comprised of When asked what she knew of unmarked graves, Blacks acquired “a social status unlike any they’d ever African American residents. The majority of Black 1883 Kittitas County 6 September 2025

Jim Shepperson, the man with the suspenders, is the businessman who convinced Black miners to come to Roslyn back in 1888 and1889. He neglected to tell them of the strike going on. The baby is Ethel Florence Williams (Craven), held by her father, David WIlliams. Photo courtesy of the Craven Family Continued from previous page

person said, ‘everyone run.’ And then they ran and Cemetery behind their house, especially on holidays. got out and then they looked around to see where this The Cravens worked hard for everything they had, had before,” it’s suggested that the utmost reason was gentleman was. And my dad looked around and said including a sought-after house on Second Street that because of the railroad’s need for more workers (Coal he was back there. They said ‘somebody needs to go get became their family home in 1943. Before moving there Town of the Cascades). While some friendships formed him, and nobody would go back. But my dad went back. the Cravens lived with in their grandmother’s 12 room between the races, the Cravens tell of personal blights And they said he lifted a 1,000-pound rock and carried boarding house without an indoor bathroom and a No. they dealt with during their own growing up years, the man out like a baby…That’s the kind of man my 3 metal tub for everyone to bathe in. It was through which came long after the first Black miners set foot east daddy was,” Kanashibushan said.

Samuel and his children’s picking of hops for long of the Cascade Mountains.

Will said that their mother was a woman who kept hours outside of Yakima that gave them the funds to The Cravens’ father, Samuel, came to mine in Roslyn boundaries needed to protect her family. His sister Ethel purchase this new home which came with more space, in 1922 from Texas. He’s still highly regarded for the echoed this sentiment by saying their mother was her four bedrooms and a bathroom. The Craven home on impact he made, breaking barriers to assist his fellow “daughters’ protectors” and a staunch disciplinarian, Second Street remained with the family for 60 years miners and demonstrating a selfless spirit to those who “watched over her brood, which is a good thing.” until a fire devastated the structure in 2009. Thankfully, around him.

Mrs. Craven raised nine daughters and four sons, in no one was injured. While sad to see their family home “I got along with everyone (in Roslyn) because of that order (one daughter, Georgia Mae, passed away at of so many years go, the Cravens’ memories of growing my dad,” said son Will Craven. “He was athletic and he only 18 months due to health complications). When she up in Roslyn can’t be compromised. Roslyn remains saved a lot of people in accidents. He really understood wasn’t with her own family, Mrs. Craven assisted others “home” to those born east of the mountains in the small, mining.” as a midwife, with cleaning homes and watching other promising coal town.

His sister Kanashibushan discussed her father’s children. While her children received their education attributes at length. alongside white students, Mrs. Craven established rules “(Daddy) was tall, handsome, and gentle… I knew he that would keep her children safe. was a helpful man because he’d always help anybody,” Her children were allowed to play with white students Editor’s note: These are the first two parts of the Craven she said in an interview on her family lineage (2007). outdoors, but she didn’t invite them past fence in Family history as told by author Alisa Weis whose love “He had a good sense of humor and a beautiful smile. the 1940s, as a safeguard against judgments on how of the creative arts led her to pursue a BA in Literature/ “A man came to the house (after my dad died) and she ran her household. The Craven children didn’t Writing from Whitworth University (2003) and a he told me my dad he saved many people in the mines. frequent many restaurants or other establishments as Masters in Secondary Education (English) from the And he was crying, this man was actually crying. And they grew up, given the size of their family, but some of University of Phoenix (2007). he must have been in his late 60s or 70s. He said what them found fun in sports (baseball was an American Parts three an four will apprear in the November issue happened was the mine started to cave in, so the head phenomenon) or in walking the hill to the Roslyn of 1883 Kittitas County magazine.

1883 Kittitas County 7 September 2025

A lasting legacy

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The Donaldsons stands among Roslyn’s Black pioneer families

n one snapshot Jessee Donaldson is frozen in time: It’s 1902.

Jessee appeared different than the man whose face they’d come to He’s sitting up straight in a chair, wearing a striped prison see as their patriarch. issued shirt and a hardy expression that hints at the struggles As elusive as his likeness might be until now, details of Jessee’s he’d overcome. He faced more than your average man and lived to journey are recorded so that his descendants might know and prevail despite so many atrocities placed upon him. remember the steep price he paid for his freedom and their own.

Jessee began his life enslaved by his presumed white father and The Donaldsons also draw awareness to the fact that they share white stepmother and their children. Joining him in this same many white relatives tracing back to the Revolutionary War, but household was his Black birth mother and Black half siblings who they look to Jessee as their biracial forefather with good reason. were also enslaved.

That said, more than a few of Jessee’s kin express interest in Jessee joined the Union Army exactly one year after the Civil knowing and meeting more of their white side “as long as we take War began to escape slavery. He sustained lifelong injuries that care of the Black side first.” hindered but did not hold him back.

In years to come he and his wife Anna successfully relocated THE DONALDSON their family 2,500 miles west for a better life in the mining town ODYSSEY Roslyn, Wash.

It was the mid His story wouldn’t be stopped by three months of federal 1980s one of Jessee’s incarceration for a questionable offense. Jessee’s legacy carries descendants, Lillian on today through the hundreds of Donaldson descendants in “Babe” (Donaldson) Washington state, California, Texas, Ohio and beyond.

Warren, ventured to In analyzing Jessee’s photo taken 120 years ago, you’ll note his the coal mining town strong jawline and mustache befitting a man at the turn of the of Roslyn, Wash. with 2oth Century. His eyes engage the camera with blurred version, her husband, Robert one eye wounded from war, the other looking directly to the Williams, for the first camera. Perhaps he realized that this three-month stint served time. at McNeil Island, charged, and convicted for “selling liquor to an While there, she Indian,” would only be a minor setback. His journey was paused found herself walking but he wouldn’t be stopped for long. the strangely familiar “He was arrested for selling to family!” great great terrain her Donaldson granddaughter Lenora Bentley declared, alluding to the fact that descendants had trod the Donaldsons are a multiracial family comprised of a skin shade 100 years before. spectrum since at least the 1800s.

She started letting Jessee’s great (times five) grandson, Ryan Anthony Donaldson, her imagination take who works as an archivist, gazed upon Jessee’s image at the flight. What must National Archives at Seattle for the first time along with his father, their lives have been Ray Donaldson, cousin Butch Smith and Butch’s son Greg Smith, like? What were and can’t stop reflecting on the experience. To say he was moved their struggles? Their is an understatement. triumphs? Their Ryan was notified of the image’s existence from Seattle unique experiences?

Jessee Donaldson in this McNeil Island inmate intake historian, genealogist and author Cynthia A. Wilson, who is What could she designating a chapter of her upcoming book on United States uncover about their photo taken Dec. 17, 1902. Photo courtesy of National Archives at Seattle Colored Troops to Jessee Donaldson’s legacy. Jessee joins 31 men stories as one large that Wilson researched for her book. The four Donaldson men left family within the the archives in awe to finally behold a verified photo of Jessee and Pacific Northwest Black Pioneers community? that he will be featured in Wilson’s book.

Babe went to spoken-of haunts: everywhere from the Ronald For years they’d thought that Jessee was another man, identified No. 3 mine where her ancestors worked to the Mt. Olivet in an early family photograph. They were astonished to realize Cemetery where Jessee, his son Thad, daughter Rusia and 1883 Kittitas County 8 September 2025

The Donaldson family, ca. 1902, in Roslyn. Top row (from left): William “Peck,” General “J.J.,” George “Sharkey,” unidentified man. Bottom row (from left): Mary, woman believed to be Anna (holding baby Gladys), Eugene, Hattie, Lizzie, Frankie and woman believed to be Louisa Nicholas-Clark (General’s wife and mother of the three children). Courtesy photo Continued from previous page like to do on our heritage.” want to sugarcoat the past. We still have the Donaldson steadfastness to see the What’s substantial beyond Babe’s people finding out they are Donaldsons. anthology through to completion, and grandson Roy are buried. There was so devotion to publish a 300-plus page We’re a very diverse family, and a lot her relatives are especially grateful some much history written in Roslyn’s soil family anthology is that she did so of us don’t look Black. You never really 30 years later. and the fact that her loved ones were before the convenience of digitized know what [ethnicity/race] people are.”

“Babe laid an incredible framework part of it was a story that bore telling. records available online. Babe and a few Tia said that her mother’s refusal to and we are honored to be filling in the “I realized that history had loved ones including her cousin, Lenora deny her African American ancestry gaps today,” said Ryan of his continued been made here,” she wrote in her Bentley, who rolled up their sleeves left a lasting impression when she was a quest to bring the Donaldson story introduction to The Donaldson and made the phone calls, sought little girl. to light. He’s come to experience the Odyssey: Footsteps to Freedom. “My the records, booked plane tickets to “She told me ‘Don’t ever pass for what exploration of the past as a “guided family had worked here and was part of Tennessee and asked the questions that you’re not.’” Babe fought three days to journey,” as he follows in Babe’s that history and the history of Roslyn, collectively provided them with a strong change Tia’s ethnicity to “Negro” from footsteps and compares stories with Wash. I felt tears beginning to fill my foundation of family knowledge.

“White” on her birth certificate. “To this other Washington Black pioneer eyes.”

Lenora recalls Babe generating day, I put ‘Black’ on medical records. families. Babe said she had a “powerful The fruits of her labors became financial support for the project through When people assume I’m Caucasian, I urge to know more about this family,” known as The Red Book in honor of creating and selling T-shirts at family correct them,” Tia said. and Ryan knows exactly what she’s its striking red cover. Babe shared the reunions with a book title that could Tia, who is often asked if she’s Creole talking about. book with her extended family and be the family’s mission statement: or Redbone in the clubs she sings in, Turns out that Babe faced resistance gifted a copy to the Roslyn Historical The Donaldson Odyssey: Footsteps to says that she doesn’t mind people’s on her quest to uncover Donaldson Museum for those interested in a more Freedom. inquisitive natures. If they’re really family history. in-depth analysis of the family trees and Karla Jackson, Jessee’s greatinterested, “I’ll sit them down. My Her cousin Lenora explained, “When reflections on the Donaldson family granddaughter said that although she mother taught me to never cut a pass, she went down South, she was told not lines. hasn’t reread The Donaldson Odyssey and I don’t. I’ve never allowed people to dig too deep into the past. I don’t “The Red Book is pivotal. It was in quite some time, “I’m [still] in awe of to make racial slurs in my house. I know who it was that threatened her in written 30 years ago with what The Red Book.” automatically accept people for what Tennessee. But let’s face it, some of our resources Lillian had available,” Butch Babe’s daughter, Tia Forest, was in they are.” [white] ancestors didn’t want to bring up said of his relative’s dedication. “She her 20s when her mother took up the Tia credits her mother for being a the past or know how bad it truly was.” did a magnificent job collecting the substantial task of researching the woman of honesty and kindness saying, “I want to continue and pick up where documentation for such comprehensive family’s past. She recalls going to the “She was a sweetheart and a beauty, but [Aunt] Babe left off,” said Paula Terrell, research. She really set in motion archives with her mother a few times you better not cross her.” forthcoming research our family would and says of the experience, “She didn’t Babe undoubtedly drew on some of Continued on Page 10 1883 Kittitas County 9 September 2025

Continued from Page 9

claiming ownership over human beings — at least 50 of them. The Hazel Green plantation was increasingly Lenora’s daughter. a place Jessee was more than eager to flee, risking it “I was close to my aunt and mother when they were all. Seizing his chance he enlisted in the Civil War in working on it, and it’s connected hundreds, if not Shelbyville, Tenn. in 1862 before his regiment had thousands of us together.” formed.

Paula said that the pervasiveness of the Donaldson Jessee sent word of his whereabouts to his friends presence in Washington state has sometimes meant and loved ones and eventually his half-brother, learning that people she knew as co-workers or friends Washington, and friend, General Townsend, joined are, in fact, family members. For instance, she worked him in the Tennessee 15th U.S. Colored Infantry in the with Al Smith, Butch’s father, back in the 1980s, left fight for their freedom. on a Friday, saw him at a family reunion over the “The [entire] U.S. Black infantry was made up weekend, and came back to work on Monday calling of over 180,000 Black soldiers,” said Butch Smith. him “Uncle Al.” “Abraham Lincoln indicated we would not have won “Because of that book, I realize the importance of the war were it not for Black soldiers.” Butch went on knowing your family,” Paula said with conviction. to say that Jessee had three years of combat experience “There’s pride in knowing where you come from. It in Tennessee. His injuries are verified since he was adds value to each and every one of us.” required to repeatedly describe them to earn his long No matter who discouraged her discoveries, Babe sought-after pension. “He had a musket blow up in his remained steadfast to further uncover her family’s face, and he was also shot in the shoulder,” Smith said. story. She wasn’t interested in what any naysayers tried According to Jessee’s military records and pension to do to derail her efforts and spent countless hours applications, he was also hung by his thumbs at one compiling information on relatives across the family point as a captain’s punishment, a critical factor that trees.

Jessee testified led to his musket misfiring.

As a result hundreds of descendants know who their It’s staggering to realize that after the Union Army family patriarch was and at least some of the trials won the war, Jessee, along with his brothers and the Jessee and Anna weathered to provide them a future entire regiment, lacked a home to call their own. There of hope and freedom. The family understands this rare Grave marker for Jessee Donaldson (March 1846was little roadmap in a wildly uncertain time aside Nov.19, 1913). He was a Private in the US Colored gift, compared to fellow African American families from advisement of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen Infantry. Photo courtesy of DeAnna Donaldson Burns who lack such detail about their descendants’ lives. and Abandoned Lands, the government entity Ryan discovered an earlier edition of The Donaldson established to assist the formerly enslaved. Recently “mulatto” on the Donaldson planation according to Odyssey within the preserved lectern from the AME the Freedmen’s Bureau Records were made available the 1860 United States Census Slave Schedule. Though (African Methodist Episcopal) Church at the Roslyn online by Ancestry.com, and the Donaldson family Levi couldn’t directly admit Jessee was his son, he Historical Museum little more than a year ago. This located some of Jessee’s military records, although the apparently allowed for this terminology as head of edition includes photos and information that today’s full scope of the Freedman’s Bureau involvement is still household.

Donaldsons are uncovering for the first time. unknown.

When the Northern army was recruiting enslaved Considering how new connections are made all As a sidenote, after the Union Army won the Civil people to join their efforts, Jessee seized the the time from The Donaldson Odyssey, the family War, Levi Donaldson’s plantation fell upon hard times. opportunity. While his mother, Sarah, feared for narrative remains an evergreen wellspring of insights.

Levi was no longer able to manage an enslaved labor his safety, she understood his need to be a free man To anyone who sits down to read it, its pages outline force and reap the profits, with his estate falling into and aided him in his departure from the Donaldson an incredible journey from an Alabama plantation disrepair. His fortune reversed, Levi was said to have plantation. Jessee ventured out from under a life of to postbellum Tennessee then coal mining company died a near penniless man. slavery by enlisting in the Tennessee 15th U.S. Colored towns in Washington state.

In the Odyssey, Babe writes, “although slavery Infantry Regiment for the Union Army when he was Across generations, the Donaldsons are still finding days were over, the Black man was still treated with a only 16 years old. themselves amidst significant phases of national and great amount of disdain and still must account for his The Donaldsons’ former plantation house was local history. whereabouts and show proof of freedom.” owned by Elizabeth Dale. Rumored to have killed six As you might imagine, once the Civil War ended, of her seven husbands, she was dubbed the “Black PART II, JESSEE AND ANNA (SMALLEY) Jessee didn’t know where to live out his legally Widow of Hazel Green.” Coming under such scrutiny DONALDSON newfound freedom. she needed to sell the home and get out of dodge “Of all places to go after the war, he ended up in quickly. Levi and Charlotte Donaldson purchased the Patriarch Jessee Donaldson was born in 1846 in Pulaski, Tenn.,” Butch said. “It’s the same town where home to raise their family, which included the people Huntsville, Ala., the son to Sarah, a Black woman local ‘hero’ Nathan Bedford Forrest lived. Before the who were enslaved there, and Dale was never heard who was enslaved and the father believed to be the war Forrest was a white slaver. He was a millionaire from again. plantation’s white owner, Levi Donaldson. Levi also who imported and sold enslaved people. During Although fire destroyed the house in the 1960s, happened to be a Baptist minister and was married to the war he was an officer in the Confederate Army,” the original Donaldson cemetery lives on and is the a white woman named Charlotte when he set eyes on Butch continued. “He became infamous, massacring a final resting place for Levi, Charlotte and multiple Sarah. It was widely known that Jessee was Levi’s son regiment of Black soldiers at Fort Pillow, Tenn.” household members. with Jessee noting in a disability affidavit 50 years later “When the Black regiment attempted to surrender, “One of the things that really chilled me is that that his father was his “only master.” From his earliest Forrest had the captives shot and mutilated,” Butch when she [Dale] built the home, there was a servant years Jessee was set apart from the 50 or so other said. “Tennessee as a state is conflicted. On one hand bell in every room,” Ryan said during his presentation enslaved people living on the plantation. they see this guy as a state hero because of his military on the Donaldson family at the Roslyn, Ronald, Cle He was spared the punishing demands of the strategies, but he became a founder of the Ku Klux enslaved Black people in the fields, tasked with picking Elum Heritage Club in the fall of 2021.

Klan. Jessee ended up living in the same town, and I’m Levi is portrayed in some family stories and cotton until their hands ached and bled. But he was trying to imagine what that must have been like.” other accounts as perhaps more lenient than other still in a role of servitude to his father and half siblings While they can never fully understand Jessee’s “masters” by permitting marriage ceremonies known in the family house and that’s something he couldn’t complicated experience as a newly liberated Black as “jumping the broom.” However, just as was done and wouldn’t abide. man in the post-war South, Jessee’s family ponders the by all the “masters” Levi rationalized white supremacy, frustration he must have experienced, repeatedly Jessee was presumably cited as the sole male 1883 Kittitas County 10 September 2025

Continued from previous page reapplying for lengthy applications and affidavits, while being examined by doctors dubious of his true condition.

It was later discovered that Jessee was jailed in Tennessee from 1871-1873 for allegedly “stealing hogs.” Though Babe didn’t include this account in The Red Book—perhaps to appease relatives who didn’t want the past publicized, to protect Jessee’s legacy or because the documentation was not available to her — the Donaldsons recently learned more details of his difficult experiences in the Jim Crow South.

Ryan recognizes how uncanny it is that sections of Jessee’s story have seemingly fallen in his lap. He may have set out to visit his ancestor’s past dwelling places, but he didn’t expect the Donaldson plantation site to be only half an hour driving distance from his wife’s childhood home.

Likewise, in searching for Jessee’s past records, Ryan learned of the Library of Congress’ Chronicling America project and found Jessee’s name mentioned in a multi-year batch of Pulaski Citizen newspapers.

More research showed the county prison where Jessee was held was burned to the ground, so Ryan was amazed to find the old prison ledger preserved during a visit to the Giles County Courthouse.

“We were able to hold 150-year-old documents, and it was almost poetic,” Ryan said. “You can see the smoke seemingly smoldering on it and the water stains. The fact that it survived and that it’s there for us to see is remarkable.”

Invited to inspect the local jail’s mobile holding pen, a historic relic similar to the one Jessee was made to

rest while performing the manual labor of his sentence, Ryan recoiled. Realizing that farm animals are treated better, he was unprepared to further explore the inhumanity of his ancestor’s living conditions.

“His story is one of justice deferred,” Ryan said, alluding to the fact it took three entire years to schedule Jessee’s trial, with his sentence ultimately a fraction of the time he was imprisoned. “Going to the courthouse in Tennessee, I was struck by the coarse indignity that denied his freedom yet again.”

In The Odyssey, there’s record of Jessee’s first marriage to a woman named Lizzie, who passed away soon after they married. Jessee remarried to Anna Smalley in 1875 in Georgia. Family tradition describes Anna as having African and Native American ancestry.

The Donaldsons have one photograph they believe to be her, handed down to them. They are interested in elevating what is known about their matriarch.

Digitized period newspapers such as the Seattle Republican reveal that Anna was a leader in the local Mt. Zion Baptist church, traveled to Cincinnati as a delegate for a national Baptist convention and volunteered with the Home Foreign Mission Circle.

But beyond that, Anna remains an elusive yet equally important presence, as Jessee’s life partner and the mother to their 10 children, seven of whom survived to adulthood. Their names are as follows: Hattie (born 1876), General (“J.J.” born 1878), Thad (born 1881), Mary (born 1885), Elizabeth (“Lizzie” born 1888), George (“Sharkey” born 1890) and William (“Peck” born 1893). Today, there are six branches residing throughout Washington state, California, Texas, Ohio and beyond.

“I feel called and compelled to tell Jessee’s story,”

said Ryan. “It interacts so much with U.S. history and is laced through so many eras. I’m living and embracing this laid out path, so many [of my family’s anecdotes] have found me.”

Over his lifetime, Jessee toiled in numerous trades to make a living. He was a Union soldier. A farmer.

A coal miner. It was the late 1890s, in fact, when coal called. There was such a high demand to extract coal from the earth that Jessee, like many hardworking men, heeded its call. As labor unions formed and white miners striked for better wages and other benefits, recruitment intensified for Chinese American workers and later African American workers. Jessee and Anna’s embrace of the opportunity to move their family west proved to be a seismic change for their future. Jessee’s son, General, would also take part in the same coal mining venture as his father and was the first family member to see the Pacific Northwest with his own eyes.

Editor’s note: This is the first and second parts of the Jessee Donaldson Family’s history as told by Alisa Weis and Ryan Anthony Donaldson. Much of the information came from the research of Lillian “Babe” (Donaldson) Warren and her husband Robert E. Williams through “The Donaldson Odyssey: Footsteps to Freedom” as well as the continued efforts of Donaldson family to bring their family history to light.

Parts three through five will appear in the November edition of 1883 Kittitas County.

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September 2025

When coal was king

Memorial pays homage to Roslyn’s mining past

A

t sixfoot, three-inches tall, the Miners Memorial statue in downtown Roslyn is appropriately substantial. Its purpose is to commemorate the hundreds of hard-working, brave miners who worked and, in some cases, tragically died while hammering and blasting away at the veins of coal that were prevalent in this region.

Large deposits of coal, in fact, were discovered by prospectors from the Northern Pacific Railway in the Roslyn area in the early 1880s. By 1886, the railroad had sent crews of men to mine the coal. Additionally, Logan M. Bullitt, vice president of the Northern Pacific Coal Co., which was owned by the railroad, was placed in charge of the operation and quickly plated a town for the workers. It was Bullitt who named it Roslyn, most likely after a New York town where a friend lived, although there are other versions of the story.

Created as a company town, Roslyn’s residents lived in houses on land owned by the railroad, shopped at a general store established by the company, and played at the Roslyn Athletic Club built by the company. The town also grew to include the train depot, the coal company’s mining offices, boardinghouses, a hotel, a skating rink, several saloons and a pair of churches. The railroad would begin selling off its residential property in 1913.

Initially the railroad company recruited workers from all over Europe including Italy, Croatia, England, Germany, Ireland, Poland, Scotland, Serbia, Slovakia and Wales, making Roslyn one of Washington’s most diverse communities. Within a few years, nearly 1,000 miners were pulling out an estimated $1 to $2 million in coal annually.

Following a disastrous fire in 1888 which destroyed nearly all of the 1883 Kittitas County 12

September 2025

town, Roslyn was rebuilt using brick and sturdier materials. A short time later mine workers, angry that the coal company had laid off miners who had petitioned for an eight-hour work day and higher wages, went on strike.

In response, management began recruiting strikebreakers, including some 50 African American laborers from the East and Midwest. Eventually, the company brought in more than 300 African American workers and their families, including many from Virginia, North Carolina and Kentucky. While initially tensions were high between the striking workers and the newcomers, relations cooled after the strike ended a few months later. By 1890, Roslyn’s African American citizens represented more than 22 percent of the overall population of the town, making it one of the highest in the state.

In 1892, Roslyn experienced its worst-ever mining accident when an explosion and fire in Mine No. 1 killed 45 miners. Workers had been in the process of connecting an airway from the fifth level to the sixth level (the mine went down seven levels, to a depth of 2,700 feet), when blasting powder used to break the rock ignited a pocket of gas. Miners not killed immediately by the blast quickly suffocated.

A second equally-devastating mining disaster struck the community on Oct. 3, 1909 when another underground explosion killed 10 workers. The following day Portland’s Morning Oregonian reported that the loss of life could have been far worse had the blast occurred not only a Sunday but during a regular work day when as many as 500 workers would have been in the mine. The paper said the cause of the explosion was still under investigation.

The following year was the peak in terms of the community’s size, when it boasted a population of 3,126. With a decline in the use of coal because of the increasing popularity of other fuels such as diesel oil, Roslyn began a gradual decline. The last coal mine in operation closed in 1963, marking the end of an era.

But the town’s deep and abiding connection to its mining roots served as the impetus for the creation of the Miner Memorial in the mid-1990s. In 1995, the Roslyn/Ronald Heritage Club proposed erecting a permanent monument to the region’s mining past. By June of the following year work had begun to erect a lifesize bronze statue of a miner and a black-tile memorial wall that would display the names of all local miners and their families.

Funding for the $20,000 statue, which was sculpted by Pacific Northwest artist (and Central Washington University graduate) Michael Maiden and entitled “The End of the Day,” came from donations and the sale of 6 x 9 commemorative tiles.

Statue committee chair Tony Alquist, who grew up in Roslyn and died in 2006 at the age of 95, told the Ellensburg Daily Record on July 5, 1996, “We want this memorial to honor the local miners—not as tired, beaten men—but as warmhearted, family men who appreciated having a good day in the mines.” He added that was the reason the miner was smiling.

On Sunday, Sept. 1, 1996, in front of what the Daily Record described as a “crushing crowd of people,” the Roslyn Coal Miners’ Memorial was officially unveiled. Standing in front of the historic former Company Store (formally known as the Northwest Improvement Company building) on Pennsylvania Avenue, the monument is a celebration of the town’s rich mining history and culture.

“They came to honor Roslyn’s heritage, a colorful microcosm of this country’s origin,” Pat Woodell wrote in the Daily Record on the dedication day. “They came to honor the miners who arrived ‘from the old country’ to work the coal mines and make a new life for themselves.”

Among the speakers that day were sculptor Maiden, along with representatives of the Washington State Heritage Society, the Roslyn/Ronald Heritage Club and the city of Roslyn.

Of special note was the inclusion of a time capsule in the statue’s pedestal, not to be opened for 60 years, which was prepared by Roslyn High students. It was no doubt fitting that the next generation helped to honor its predecessors.

— Richard Moreno is the author of 14 books, including Frontier Fake News: Nevada’s Sagebrush Hoaxsters and Humorists and the forthcoming Washington Historic Places on the National Register.

He is the former director of executive communications at Central Washington University and was honored with the Nevada Writers Hall of Fame Silver Pen Award in 2007. and Japan, were selected for one of the last space station missions before the program is discontinued. Harvey shows readers glimpses of their earthly lives, how they form bonds, and how they deal with the solitude, as the crew travels at a speed of more than 17,000 miles an hour. A contemplative work, Orbital serves as a moving elegy to our planet and environment.

THE REFERENCE DESK FICTION

the New York Times Book Review, the book reveals “his passion for life and work, friendship and art, medicine and society, and the richness of his relationships with friends, family, and fellow intellectuals over the decades.”

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CHILDREN “Nature Spy Guide” by Shelley Rotner (Ages 4 to 9) In her newest book, author and photographer Shelley Rotner prompts readers to use their five senses to explore the outdoors.

With simple text and photos depicting children in nature, Rotner invites kids to search for colors, shapes and more in the world around them. Back matter includes easy-to-use activities to enhance the outdoor experience.

“Dragon’s Promise” by Elizabeth Lim “Letters” by Oliver This new book by Sacks, edited by Kate Did You Know Elizabeth Lim is an Edgar • The Ellensburg Public Library exciting sequel to “Six Dr. Oliver Sacks, offers Neuro-Friendly Storytime Crimson Cranes,” her acclaimed author of programs?

Neuro-diverse youth and successful fantasy YA NON-FICTION books such as “The their families are welcome to participate novel released in 2021. In Man Who Mistook His in a fun, interactive and well-supported this work, Lim tells the story of Princess “Orbital: A Novel” by Wife for a Hat” and storytime that includes a variety of Shiori, who makes a deathbed promise Samantha Harvey “Awakenings,” was a committed letter sensory engagement tools and activities. to return a dragon’s pearl to its rightful Winner of the 2024 writer throughout his life. This new Contact the library at 509-962-7250 to owner. To do so, she must journey to the Booker Prize, Samantha work collects the insightful notes he find out when the next one is scheduled. kingdom of dragons, survive political Harvey’s Orbital follows wrote to his parents, friends, colleagues, • The Ellensburg Public Library is intrigue among humans and dragons, one day in the lives of his beloved Auntie Len and many others open Monday through Friday, 10 a.m. to and fight thieves attempting to liberate six men and women from the time he arrived in the U.S. 6 p.m., Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. the pearl from her. The trick is that the traveling through space. from England as a young man, through — The Reference Desk: What’s New The crew, which includes members from pearl emanates a malevolent power of different stages of his life (Sacks died at the Ellensburg Library is written by its own, which threatens to betray the America, Britain, Russia, Italy, in 2015 at the age of 82). According to Richard Moreno princess at any moment.

1883 Kittitas County 13 September 2025

Eyes on the past

A

Marcy Bogachus books honor a bygone era

t 87-years-old, Ed still speaks with tenderness and pride the concrete. Over time the extreme weather conditions caused when he remembers his late wife, Marcy, and her lifelong the tiles to fall off. We used a screwdriver and a chisel to gently dedication to preserving the history of her hometown.1883 remove all the remaining attached tiles. Rob from the monument Kittitas County Magazine sat down with him to hear her story in company down in Tacoma donated his time cutting the 12 inch his own words. tiles into four pieces with his diamond saw, these tiles would Q: Tell us a little about Marcy’s beginnings. have the miners names on them. Rick Henderson operated the A: Marcy grew up in Ronald back when it was a thriving coal jackhammer to remove the concrete of the previous wall. Harold mining town. People don’t always realize it but that little place had Ashurt donated his time operating his backhoe to assist with the folks from 24 diffrent countries. Imagine that—so many different jackhammering. Pete Horish was there to help just like Marcy and languages and traditions, yet somehow they found ways to come me. Marcy worked hard on funding together. They shared music, food, wine and when tragedy struck, the wall through sales of the tiles, they shared grief too. That sense of community never left her. donations, raffles, t-shirts — she was Q: Her father was a coal miner, wasn’t he? really good at getting the community A: Yes, he was. His name was Frank “Peanuts” Minerich. He to support the monument. She started in the mines at 14-years-old with his father. Marcy and her really loved the smile on the miners sister Fran would wait for him along the tracks at the No. 3 Mine. face because it stood for the miners’ She always remembered walking home beside him, hoping he’d spirit—people from every background, saved a little something from his lunch pail. Sometimes it was just sharing music, food, traditions in a a crust of bread or a bit of fruit, but to her it was the sweetest gift. high risk job for their families and still Q: What are some of her favorite childhood memories? finding joy and friendship together.

Books are available by emailing RRCHA: Oh, there were plenty. At one point, Roslyn/Ronald had over Q: What do you think Marcy most Club@gmail.com or //rrchc.com/. Find 600 people living there. Marcia and Fran would curl their hair wanted people to remember? copies at Basecamp Books & Bites, The with strips of cloth just to look nice for the big NWI picnics. She A: That Ronald and Roslyn were Telephone Museum in Cle Elum or at laughed when she told me about the pop-drinking contests at the thriving coal towns even though you Northern Kittitas County Tribune. company store—kids lined up, cheeks puffed out, trying to outlast can’t see it. It was about the people— each other. Simple things, but they meant so much. their work, their struggles and the Q: Marcy was deeply involved in preserving that history. How way they cared for each other. She wanted folks to know how did that start? a community, built from so many different backgrounds, came A: She believed those memories weren’t just hers—they together to live, to share their culture and to help one another. And belonged to everyone who left their home country to start a I think as long as we keep sharing those stories she loved to collect new life for their families. Marcy’s family immigrated from and write about, she’ll always be right here with us.

Yugoslavia and mine from Lithuania. Marcy was a member of Q: What do you think of re-publishing Marcy’s book Old the Roslyn-Ronald and Cle Elum Heritage Club and helped start Country to Coal Country? the eastside chapter. She worked on the book From Old Country A: When my daughter Renee came to me and mentioned how to Coal Country, which she and others put together to honor important it would be to re-publish Marcy’s book I thought it was the immigrants who came before. She dedicated it “to honor the a great idea and know Marcy would appreciate it. Renee reached people who left their homelands, traveling to places unknown out to Maria with the Heritage Club and got the ball rolling. We and making their place in our history and in our hearts.” Later worked with Terry at The Northern Kittitas County Tribune to she wrote Ronald Remembered, gathering the stories of growing redesign the cover and add Marcy’s name. She was too humble up in Ronald about family, friends and miners so they’d never be to place her name on the book in the beginning. I want to thank forgotten.

Terry for her design talents for this part of the project. All Q: The Miners Monument must hold special meaning for you proceeds of the book sales will benefit the upgrades to the wall for both. the 30th anniversary and future maintenance of the wall. That was A: Absolutely. That was a real community effort. The first wall Marcy’s wish. was constructed by the Westside Heritage chapter in 1996. In — A conversation with Ed Bogachus, husband of Marcy Bogachus, 2007, the renovations took plenty of sweat and teamwork due to local historian and author of From Old Country to Coal Country the wall being made of concrete. The original tiles were glued to and Ronald Remembered.

1883 Kittitas County 14 September 2025

DR. LEONARD NEWMAN Ken MacRae, DVM worked alongside Dr. Newman at Ellensburg Animal Hospital and tells the story of the early days, just joining the practice, and a conversation with Mrs. Newman, wife of Dr. Leonard Newman.

Dr. Ken MacRae, with his hat in his hand, riding in front of the stands in the Ellensburg Rodeo Sept. 7, 1975. MacRae, a local veterinarian and former Ellensburg Rodeo Arena Director, is an Ellensburg Rodeo Hall of Fame inductee whose biography is at www.erhof.com.

Ellensburg Rodeo Hall of Fame photo

Cat surgery with Mrs. Newman

Ken’s Musings Stories and Memories

By Kenneth R. MacRae

One story I cannot leave out happened one day shortly after I had joined Dr. Leonard Newman in practice.

In those early days we still used liquid ether as our anesthetic for cats. The procedure required one person to hold the cat’s four legs and the other person to restrain the animal’s head by holding it forcefully into the open end of a soup can that had cotton soaked in either in the bottom. The animals struggled mightily and since I had undergone much this same procedure as a child during tonsillectomy surgery, I was aware how

unpleasant the experience was.

This day our patient was a young tomcat to operate on for the neutering that was the commonest surgery we performed.

I was just making conversation when I remarked to Mrs. Newman, “This is probably the cruelest thing we do to animals.”

“Why do you say that?” she asked.

I replied, “I know because I’ve had it done to me” Mrs. Newman, wide-eyed replied “You have?”

“Yes,” I said, “When I was about 8-years-old.”

“You mean castration?” she asked.

“No! No!” I said, “I mean ether anesthesia!”

1883 K I T T I T A S 1883 Kittitas County

C O U N T Y

15

September 2025

Naughty neighbors A

Prohibition had an interesting effect on the Upper County population

s my Aunt Mary Andlar, who operated Roslyn’s old Freezer Upper County must have really lifted a few eyebrows down there.

Shop, told me, families in the old country had been making It’s been reported that back then every other door in downtown their own wine for centuries. When they came here it Roslyn was that of a tavern, plus the immigrants were brewing their was no different. They always had their own homemade wine or own drink at home. Roslyn alone was reported to have 27 taverns. slivovitz (brandy) on hand, and when company came to visit, the This was due to the fact that there were 27 different ethnic groups first thing they did was offer you a glassful. I found this tradition here and each group had their own lodge, their own cemetery and to still be true when visiting Croatia a few years ago and was given their own tavern. But the “dry” laws were going to change that — a glass of home brew at every single home I visited. It was a lovely, right? inviting gesture that had been passed down for centuries.

Not so, according to one of our old timers, Mary Brozovich.

With that cultural history ingrained in most of the Upper County Mary was born in Roslyn in 1917 and started working for her dad, population, I had two questions to answer for this report: 1. How in Marco Korich, at his tavern, Marko’s Saloon, in 1930 — three years the world did the idea of Prohibition ever come about? and 2. How before she graduated high school and three years before the end did our Upper County folks deal with it? of Prohibition. She passed away in Roslyn in 2012 at the age of 95.

I’ll start with a short history of how Prohibition came about.

When interviewed by Fred Krueger in 1999 she recalled her days The first serious anti-alcohol crusade in the United States actually at the saloon as business as usual and the community continuing started around the 1830s-1840s with the Temperance Movement. to enjoy a very “wet” climate. (“Mary Brozovich Interview” (1999).

The Temperance Movement was formed during a period of intense Roslyn, Cle Elum, and Ronald Oral History Interviews. 15.) religious revival primarily by women who protested against the use With the “dry” laws coming into play on the Firstt of January of alcohol.

1916, the Cle Elum Echo newspaper reported on Dec. 31, 1915, that They saw alcohol as the root cause of many social ills including most of the saloon men were “in favor of having the prohibition domestic violence, family abandonment, workplace accidents, law enforced to the letter so that the people who voted it in could political corruption and prostitution. This Movement eventually led see the real merits of the issue.” The report went on to describe the to the formation of a powerful organization called the Anti- Saloon current saloon status in the Upper County and described how they League, founded in 1893. Their efforts in lobbying for prohibition planned to deal with the new law. was so effective that by 1913, nearly half the United States had gone That report said there were 40 saloons here: 23 in Roslyn, 12 “dry” though local option laws that allowed voters to ban alcohol in Cle Elum, three in South Cle Elum andtwoin Ronald. It didn’t sales on a district-by-district basis. mention any saloons in Easton, but since it was a railroad town I By1917, Congress passed the 18th Amendment which illegalized can only assume they had at least one. Of the 12 saloons operating the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcohol. This in Cle Elum, six planned to change their operations to ice cream National Prohibition act was sponsored by Republican Minnesota parlors, card rooms, soda fountains and candy stores. congressman Andrew Volstead, which is why some refer to Prohibition affected the operations of all the taverns in the Upper Prohibition as the Volstead Act. The 18th Amendment was ratified County, but there were other changes made in response to the new on Jan. 16, 1919, and the country officially went “dry” on Jan. 18, law. One change made was the appointment of a new deputy sheriff 1920. Washington state, though, was ahead of the game. Efforts for the Upper County – that of W. C. Minton, the former chief of here to outlaw the sale of alcohol actually started in 1854. Then in police of Ellensburg. Another couple of changes made came about 1914 the Prohibition amendment to the U.S. constitution passed in from loop holes in the Prohibition Law. When the law was first Washington state. Ellensburg was one of the first cities in the state passed, doctors could prescribe booze to help patients with their to go dry in 1914. By 1916, state-wide Prohibition was enacted – maladies, but this loophole was soon cleared up and the upper three years before the United States ratified the 18th Amendment. county doctors and drug stores got together and agreed among That bit of history answered my first question of how Prohibition themselves that no one should obtain a prescription for intoxicating came about. Now I’d like to get into the more interesting details of liquor from them unless it was a case of absolute necessity. my second question of “How the Upper County folks responded to Another loophole in the original law allowed the selling of liquor Prohibition.” permits which allowed the permit holder to buy two quarts of hard Prior to 1916, the Upper County enjoyed a “wet” climate. liquor. Permits were sold by the County Auditor’s Office for $3 each Ellensburg had gone dry two years earlier, so us “Hooligans” in the (which was a considerable sum in those days). The one month of 1883 Kittitas County 16

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Continued from previous page permit sales for September 1916 tallied $3,000, with county officials speculating that if the dry spell continued, permit sales could bring in $36,000 per year.

Since you had to travel to Ellensburg to buy a permit, few upper county folks availed themselves of this option due to the cost and long distance of travel. The permit system didn’t last long once the Anti-Saloon League started pushing the state legislature in 1917 to abolish the permit system. By the end of 1916 and early on into 1917, the first reports of liquor violations started appearing in the local newspapers: Feb. 2, 1917: CHIEF HAIGHT NABS TWO BOOTLEGGERS Two men arrested this morning obtaining liquor from the NP Passenger Train Two Suitcases containing 28 gallons whisky is secured.

March 23, 1917: CAPTURE TWO TRUNKS WHISKY Chief of Police Haight and Night Marshal Reid made a sensational haul at the NP station yesterday morning when No. 3 came in from the east. The haul consisted of two trunks and two suitcases full of first class whisky, checked through from Montana.

Feb. 22, 1918, found the Dry Squad raiding a card room on First Street in Cle Elum known as the “Hole in the Wall.” A secret storage room next to the card room contained a huge supply of moonshine. The liquor was accessed via a small opening in the wall between the two rooms.

Chief Lloyd Bunker, second from the left, is pictured here with other unknown March 15, 1918: TWO MORE RAIDS MADE FOR LIQUOR men. Bunker was adament about about keeping the Upper County dry during Chief of Police Bunker and Prosecuting Attorney McGuire find plenty of Wet Prohibition. Contributed photo Goods in East End of City fines for the month of July 1918 were enough to pay for all three of the Cle Elum May 17, 1918: LIQUOR CASES CENTER MUCH ATTENTION Police officers.

This particular case centered on a Cle Elum city councilman by the name of And speaking of police, one name stands out in many of the liquor arrest stories Kauzlarich (no relation – I checked Ancestry.com just to make sure). He was found that of Cle Elum’s Chief of Police, Lloyd Bunker. Chief Bunker was a huge man who guilty by a federal grand jury in Yakima of the illegal manufacture of alcohol in a still took his job very seriously. He determined early on to clean up Cle Elum and get rid near the city, fined $1,000 and sentenced to six months in the Yakima jail. of the booze trade. The following excerpt from the Cle Elum Echo sheds some light July 26, 1918: 96 Quarts of Whiskey Captured Thrown off No. 41 Northern Pacific on his character: Westbound at an early hour this morning by someone. They found 96 quarts of “Aug. 1918: Stony hearted Chief Bunker soaks up the garbage grounds with 180 whiskey with a market value of around $750. It was packed so securely that if thrown quarts of perfectly good booze worth about $1,800: The chief ’s shoes smelled so off the train while going 20 miles an hour it could not be easily broken. strongly of booze that afternoon that once or twice he started a panic in downtown Local folks who were still intent on brewing their own home-brewed Dago Red places which were only quieted when he explained the cause of the strong odor.” and White Mule, started developing pretty ingenious methods of concealing their Chief Bunker made such a statewide reputation in suppressing liquor law breakers, stashes. I heard reports from several locals about a Roslyn moonshiner who ventured that by 1920 he had been hired by the Internal Revenue Department as a Federal out at night on foot with his wheelbarrow to bury bottles of liquor in the hills Prohibition Agent.

Although headquartered in Seattle, Bunker continued to spend surrounding town. He would also hitch rides to Seattle, carrying his moonshine in most of the 1920s trying to clean up the Upper Kittitas County. a gunnysack, and sell brew to buyers there. Boys walking behind the Brick Saloon Liquor raids became more frequent as the 1920s progressed. The numbers of (a.k.a. “ice cream parlor”) one afternoon found “milk” bottles sticking out from people being arrested grew each year, and the fines became larger with each passing under a pile of ashes. Upon closer inspection they discovered the bottles had been year. painted white to resemble milk and actually contained moonshine.

Fines reported in 1917 were $75 for liquor violations. By 1929, the fines grew to Bootleggers stashed bottles of whiskey in culverts, under sod along roadways and $1,500.

The Kittitas County Prosecutor’s report of January 1924 stated, “As usual, railroads, by fence posts, trees, bridges and even ant hills. Many homes had secret violations of the intoxicating liquor law furnished the larger number of all crimes” in places built into them for people to hide their illegal whiskey and liquor. After the the county. great Cle Elum Fire of 1918, officers discovered many homes with false cellars which Liquor violations in the Upper County brought statewide notoriety in August 1928 concealed the wine making. Moonshine deliveries were made at night and sold in when the largest still in Washington state, operating out of Ronald, exploded. The flasks of half pints, pints or more. Bootleggers usually paid $1 per gallon for the fire resulting from this explosion destroyed 32 homes and burned 80 acres of timber. moonshine and resold it at $7.

Eight months earlier Bert Pellegrini had moved to Ronald and assumed ownership May 3, 1918: A Real Live Moonshine Still Taken of the Falcon Hall on Third Street and the Donagio Garage on Second, where he dug Another story about City Councilman Kauzlarich (I swear, he’s not one of my a tunnel between the two businesses. Secret chambers off the main operation stored cousins. At least not one we invite to family reunions). Seems he once again made mash and barrels of whisky that were rolled through the tunnel and then hauled up headlines for all the wrong reasons. A real, working moonshine still was seized – a shaft to the garage where they were loaded on trucks for shipment to Seattle and right here in the city of Cle Elum.

Tacoma.

The year of 1918 emerged as a banner one for liquor violations in the Upper Pellegrini was working on a 100-gallon order when his 250-gallon vat of alcohol County. exploded and ignited gas pumps a block away, sending a mushroom shaped cloud Even with the Dry Squad’s determination to clean up the open conditions, the billowing over the rooftops of Ronald. The Roslyn and Cle Elum Fire Departments, papers filled with stories of arrests. A Cle Elum woman was arrested for having 50 along with 2,000 Upper Kittitas County citizens joined the battle to stop the fire’s gallons of raisin wine with an alcoholic kick in it registering 11 percent. An Italian steady progression toward the Northwestern Improvement Company’s powder house man living in Cle Elum appeared in court after police spotted a tell-tale heap of on the outskirts of Roslyn. A Northern Pacific train was moved to the tracks near the grapes in the back yard. Inside his home they found 85 gallons of authentic Dago powder house in case they needed to ship the explosives to a safer place. Fortunately, Red. the winds died down that evening and the fire was contained. Pelligrini, who was Some of the purest whiskey on the market emerged in Cle Elum after being burned terribly, was the fire’s only casualty. Pete Fassero had a great article in the dumped off train No. 41 when it came through town from the east. The largest haul April 6, 1989 issue of the local Tribune in which he interviewed a few folks that had of the year, 240 quarts of whiskey, occurred in October. first-hand information on the explosion.

Illegal liquor flourished so well that by May 1918 most of the county Superior Court sessions had been devoted to liquor cases arising from Cle Elum arrests.

— Charlene Kauzlarich, August 2025 Revenue collected from fines in these cases poured into the government tills. In fact, 1883 Kittitas County 17 September 2025

Red lights

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‘Ladies of the evening’ are a colorful part of Upper County history

le Elum was a rough town for years, full of loggers and miners. From far away the Italians, Croats, Poles and Slovaks heard of Cle Elum and the coal mines and they came by the hundreds. The expensive trip prevented many of the men from bringing their wives, sweethearts and families to Cle Elum. The men boarded until they could save enough money to send for their loved ones. Soon the prostitutes came in by rail and later by bus or car to take advantage and cash in on the situation. They would be working on Railroad Street.

As one lifelong old timer explained it, “There were five houses, all on Railroad Street.

The Burcham Hotel was one the main houses.”

Another old timer said, “Cle Elum was a Wide Awake town.”

None of the women were from the Upper County. They spent money freely around town at the jewelry store and other businesses. They visited the doctors for regular checkups. After a while they would leave town and a new group would come in.

The old timer said, “Church goers ran them out.”

Following is a newspaper account of a move made by Mayor Morton to close these houses: That at all times between Jan. 4, 1949 when Morton took office, and Jan. 1, 1952 houses of prostitution “operated openly and notoriously in the city … (three in number) were required to post bail in the amount of $75 each every six months as a condition precedent to their continuation in business,” that the mayor caused them to cease operating Jan. 1.

There were many stories. One of the girls stayed many years after the houses were shut down in the ’50s. She was a kind, thoughtful and pleasant person who was always going to save her money and go back to the state she came from. She passed away before she could get home.

Some of the old gentlemen who were spending their last days in the Cle Elum nursing home would often mistake the staff as “ladies of the evening.”

A newspaper report from May, 1914: DISSOLUTE WOMAN HURLS HERSELF IN YAKIMA AND SOON DISAPPEARS Annetta Brown, as she was known in Cle Elum, was about 27-years-old and a dissolute woman with something of a bad record in Cle Elum. She was once mixed up in a knife scrape. When the trouble that followed was passed on, the woman was in Ellensburg. There the authorities had trouble with her and she drifted back to Cle Elum. She congregated with some others at Frank Dere’s place, was arrested and brought into police court. She was fined Monday and given 24 hours to leave town.

Tuesday morning she bought a ticket to Roslyn and checked her trunk there. About noon

1883 Kittitas County

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Continued from previous page she appeared at the Club Grill, ate dinner and called for an envelope and some paper.

She spent some time writing a letter and walked out about 10 minutes before No. 4 was due.

Going straight to the [South Cle Elum] bridge she partly disrobed and climbed to the bridge rail. The tragedy happened just as passenger train No. 4 was coming into the yards. The train made a stop at the coal dock, and the attention of the passengers was immediately drawn to the spectacle of a woman who was partly disrobed standing on the rail of the bridge and apparently waving farewells. After a pause of a few seconds, the woman plunged downward. Her skirt caught on some of the bridge braces and she hung for a moment, then dropped into the water and disappeared, and then began swimming vigorously. Meantime, a man was seen running across the bridge to the south bank of the stream. He was soon following along opposite the swimmer, but she simply kept with the current and showed no desire to turn to either shore. The note, which was picked up with her clothing on the bridge was addressed to a woman at Calgary, Alberta, Canada who is rearing the Brown woman’s young son. Her husband, she claimed, is serving a penitentiary term.

A newspaper report from May 30, 1914: ANNETTA BROWN BODY FOUND The body of Annetta Brown, the woman who dramatically ended her life by jumping from the Yakima River bridge on May 5 as Northern Pacific train No. 4 was coming into the Cle Elum Yards, was found Thursday morning by Policeman Reid.

Mr. Reid had gone down to the south bank of the river with a fishing pole after he went off duty Thursday morning, and about half mile below town he located the body at a point where the river divides into three channels.

Roslyn There were 24 different nationalities by 1903: Serbian, Blacks, Italians, Lithuanian, Swedes, Russians, Finnish, Croatians (Yugoslavians), Germans, Czechoslovakians, Hungarians, Norwegians, Syrian, French, etc. There were 23 different taverns in Roslyn, one for each nationality.

The Blacks had their own drinking establishments. The Blacks also had their own Brothels.

There were eight churches in all: Presbyterian, Baptist, a Baptist Church for the

Blacks, Catholic, Methodist, a Methodist Church for Blacks and a Church for the Latter Day Saints.

There was nearly 9,000,000 tons of coal taken from the coal field by 1900. That is six and a half times the amount taken 10 years earlier. The miners, at least the unmarried ones, were making enough money to be looking for ways to spend it.

The tightly organized lodges and organizations took up some of their time, but the taverns and sporting women cooled the throat as well as the brow of the miner, with the right price.

In 1902, Manager B.F. Bush of the NWI Company decided to establish a place with higher social standards and formed the Roslyn Athletic Club. It was attended by NWI employees at first, then at a very later date it was also opened to the general public.

It was meant to be a social, athletic and cultural center. It had a bowling alley, a gymnasium that doubled as an auditorium, a swimming pool and a public library. By 1904 it was the most prominent social institution in the area.

At that time some social changes had taken place. Marked in the City Council records of 1905, the city was ready to start putting a limit on their hookers. They instructed the Town Marshall to confine “sporting women” to the alley. Time would see all of them go as the population had been growing smaller. The last known “sporting woman” died in 1972. She was buried in an unmarked grave in the County Cemetery.

South Cle Elum A railroad boomtown, in 1912 South Cle Elum built a town hall and jail at the cost of $1,318. The council held its first meeting in the new town hall on Nov. 18.

The council also dealt with one of the consequences of being a railroad boomtown — it instructed the town marshall to “investigate houses of ill fame.” Apparently, the issue did not go away since the marshall was again asked to look into complaints about “houses of ill repute” in 1921 and 1925. The town was also coping with a large number of boxcar riders and transients. In 1917, the Washington National Guard asked the town to post a “companion” — a watchman — to identify all persons crossing the bridge into town for the purpose of keeping “hobos and persons of evil design” out of town and off the Milwaukee Road.

— Joanne Iverson

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Jim Ridgway (509) 899-0477

CALL THE KITTITAS KID TODAY! 1883 Kittitas County

REWARD

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Dedicated

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Volunteers go out of their way to help those most in need

n the last 20 years, 30-40% of all search and rescue (SAR) calls dispatched to the Kittitas Couty Sherrif ’s Officet have relied on the dedication and expertise of Kittitas County SAR, a local non-profit organization made possible by volunteer efforts.

“It’s humbling that we have such an awesome group of volunteers,” said Ellis Nale, whose been a deputy for 25 years and a SAR coordinator for 23 years. “Missions are never convenient because (volunteers) leave their jobs; they leave in the middle of the night, and they go to work tired the next day … they’re all so dedicated and they make sacrifices from their personal lives.”

Nale explained that the SAR missions handled by the sherriff ’s office cover instances like bringing fuel to vehicles on backroads or digging out a family’s car during a Christmas tree hunt.

The missions that require additional manpower and expertise are when Kittitas County SAR volunteers are called in.

“Anytime resources like more technical expertise … the snowmobile team … EMT rescue specialists … or manpower beyond one to two deputies is needed, we call on the volunteer SAR team,” Nale said. “I can’t say enough about how lucky I am to work with volunteers on a day-to- day basis; the teams are top notch.”

Long Timer Joe Antonich has been a Kittitas County SAR volunteer since 1990, making him the organization’s longest standing volunteer.

His desire for an “outdoor life,” which he attributes to watching too many westerns, was stronger than his “city boy” lifestyle when he made the move from Seattle to live on his ranch in Kittitas County.

Antonich read an ad in the paper asking for SAR volunteers and that “boots on the ground” were needed. This popular military phrase resonated with Antonich because of his time spent in the army infantry, something that prepared him for his years volunteering for the organization.

“When we started there were a lot of veterans and they were

1883 Kittitas County

older,” he explained. “Basic SAR searches were like military missions and back then we didn’t have as many ladies as now … now a lot of the elected officials are women.”

Antonich has been around long enough to see the organization’s resources transform from its modest 1964 Dodge Power Wagon, the first rescue vehicle, to an artillery of modern snowmobiles, a side-by-side UTV and decked-out communication vans equipped with generators and satellite capabilities.

Communication methods and mapping approaches have also changed from Antonich’s early days in SAR. “We followed the Explorer Scouts and Rescue Manual and used 8 by 10 paper maps from the forest service,” he explained while reminiscing. “Back then we set up map and land navigation training the old-school way with a compass and topographic maps … nowadays people have communication devices, and they get to a high spot and call or text 911.”

The K9 Team Back in the early days of SAR, the K-9 team consisted of one bloodhound; now there are 10 K-9s of different breeds and with varying specialties.

Adam Ybarra, a long-time local firefighter, is the Kittitas County SAR K-9 Team Operational Group Lead and has been a volunteer since 2019. He has two dogs, both of which are trained in air scent searching. Other K-9 search specializations include avalanche, trailing, human remain detection (HRD) and ammo and gun evidence. The current group of volunteers has K-9s certified or training for certification in all these areas.

“We currently are looking at about one call a year for air scent K-9s, whereas 10 years before I started, it was like 50-60 calls,” Ybarra said. “Now we’re doing more rescues than searches.”

This decrease in demand for the group’s air scent K-9s is attributed to the widespread use of well-connected satellite communication.

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Continued from previous page “K-9s certified in HRD have by far the most activity,” Ybarra explained. “After that, it would be the evidence dogs … then trailing is next busiest for like when kids wander off a trail or people with dementia get lost.”

When asked what his dogs Ember and Roci think about all this work, Ybarra stated that it’s more of a game for them.

“They’re not out there being heroes saving lives,” he said about his beloved dogs. “They know when they do a good job when they get their favorite toy or reward.”

Nale referenced the great success the volunteer SAR K-9 team has brought to rescue efforts, with a focus on the evidence and HRD K-9s.

“The group trains really hard and they put in hundreds of hours of training a year … they train weekly” he explained.

Ybarra echoed Nale’s sentiment about the dedication needed to provide experienced and qualified SAR K-9s, as certification and training costs thousands of dollars over a dog’s lifetime and it takes anywhere from four to 25 hours a week of training time to get the K-9s prepared for their certifications. There are some additional difficulties related to the nature of the organization on top of the K-9 teams’ training time and cost.

Every spring there is an academy training course for new recruits to get all volunteers the required statemandated training.

“The academy is only once a year, it’s a small window for new volunteers … the turnover is high because it’s a hit and miss agency,” Ybarra said.

These challenges don’t deter him from maintaining a strong presence in SAR. Now that he is an experienced member, he enjoys the chance to teach new generations of volunteers. He says he loves being able to help people and that he loves having a real purpose to go out into the woods.

Kittitas County SAR efforts are made possible by dedicated volunteers and all materials and equipment are paid for by donations. The organization often partners with local breweries such as Iron Horse, Whipsaw and Dru Bru where proceeds from pint night sales are donated to the organization. Members walk in local parades and have booths at farmers’ markets.

To learn more, get involved or provide donations, visit the Kittitas County SAR website, Facebook and Instagram or stop by the booth at the Sept. 27 at the Ellensburg Farmers Market.

MEET THE DOGS OF KCSO SAR

EMBER

ROCI

— Madelynn Shortt is a freelance journalist published in The Yakima Valley Business Times, The Ellensburg Daily Record and KV Living Magazine.

Left: Kittitas County Search and Rescue members wheel a patient out of the woods during a mock missing.

Top right: SAR members assist in loading a patient into a LifeFlight helicopter.

Below far right: SAR member and K-9 handler Wendy Neet with her dog, Oakley. The 2-year-old Cane Corso specializes in trailing. Her favorite rewards are chicken and his squeaky toy. Contributed photos *In case of emergency, always call 911; do not call SAR directly as they are only ever dispatched through approval of the Kittitas County Sherrif ’s Office.

BISHOP OAKLEY 1883 Kittitas County 21

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Vigilante justice

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Barroom brawl ends with father and son being lynched

oday, there’s a grocery store on the spot where Samuel and Charles Vinson were hanged on the night of Aug. 14, 1895. The two — father and son — were strung up in a large cottonwood tree on the northwest corner of East Seventh Avenue and North Pine Street in Ellensburg. It is believed to have been the only vigilante-style lynching to ever occur in Kittitas County.

The two Vinsons were well-known in the city as troublemakers. Sam was generally considered a hardworking carpenter — when not drinking. However, his son was a ne’er-do-well, who had served two years in the territorial penitentiary for armed robbery and burglary and had been jailed several other times.

Both regularly panhandled for money and drinks in the downtown saloons.

Sam Vinson had been born in 1841 in Kings County, New Brunswick, Canada. Sometime in his early 20s, he married a local woman, Martha, with whom he would have six children (two stillborn). Of the surviving four children, the second youngest was Charles.

Sam and his family immigrated to Minnesota in 1866 (Charles was born there) and, in about 1884, traveled to the Washington Territory. After unsuccessfully homesteading near Tacoma and near Gig Harbor, the Vinsons settled in Allyn in about 1889. The family moved one more time, in 1894, to Ellensburg.

A Deadly Night On a hot evening on Aug. 11, Sam was hassling patrons for drinks in the Teutonia Saloon on West Third Avenue, located where a Pita Pit restaurant sits today. One of those Sam hit up was John Buerglin, known as “Dutch John.”

According to the late Howard D. Baumgart, who

1883 Kittitas County

wrote a book about the incident, “The Ellensburg Tree of Justice,” Sam overheard Buerglin invite several of his friends to join him for beer. “The elder Vinson walked up and said, ‘Am I in it?’” Baumgart wrote.

“Buerglin replied in his German accent, ‘No, you ain’t in it; I lend you two dollars, and you not pay it.’”

The remark incensed Sam, who grabbed a knife off the “free lunch table” (something most bars offered in those days), and violently stabbed Buerglin in his right side, just below his ribs.

Meanwhile, Buerglin pounded Sam on the head with a whiskey bottle until his assailant slumped to the floor.

Buerglin’s wounds were severe, Baumgart wrote, with the injured man having to hold his A newspaper clipping of the Vinson hanging. Contribute photo intestines in place as he walked to the office of Dr. Thomas Newland, which was located around the corner on Pearl Street.

Just prior to this happening, Charles Vinson, who was usually armed with a pistol in his belt, was in a nearby restaurant, Maison Doree, where he argued

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It was on the northwest corner of Seventh Avenue and Pine Street that Samuel and Charles Vinson met their fate. Both men were hung by an angry mob. Contributed photo Continued from previous page

with the owner for refusing to serve him. The disgruntled Charles headed to the Teutonia just as his father and Buerglin began to quarrel.

One of the bar’s owners, Frank Uebelacker, who was tending that night, saw the confrontation escalating and grabbed a “bung starter,” a wooden mallet used to pound a bung or wooden stopper into a beer keg, in the hope of stopping the fight before it got worse.

Seeing Uebelacker with the wooden hammer, Charles Vinson pulled his gun and pointed it at the barkeeper, who backed away.

Uebelacker’s partner, Michael Kohlhepp, who was in a back office came out to see what all the commotion was about and saw Charles menacing his colleague. He snatched a pool cue from the wall and used it to try to force Charles out of the bar.

Witnesses later said that Charles first headed for the door, then turned suddenly and fired at Kohlhepp, hitting him in his right lung. Despite being shot, Kohlhepp wrestled with Charles and managed to disarm him, while several bar patrons held him until the authorities could arrive. Others in the bar held Sam, so he couldn’t get away.

Deputy city marshals Emil Becker and

Charles Frazier soon arrived and handcuffed the Vinsons, who were taken to the nearby county jail. The wounded Kohlhepp was carried to an upstairs room, where Dr. Paschal P. Gray, who was summoned, found that a .44 caliber bullet had entered Kohlhepp’s chest about two inches above and to the left of his right nipple before exiting near his shoulder blade. About two hours after being shot, Kohlhepp died from his injuries.

As for Buerglin, Dr. Newland found that the knife had not cut any of his vital organs.

He dressed the wound and believed the man would fully recover. The next day, Aug. 12, following a coroner’s jury, Charles Vinson was charged with first degree murder for killing Kohlhepp. However, on Aug. 13, Buerglin took a turn for the worse and died from infection that afternoon.

Both Kohlhepp and Buerglin were well liked and active in Ellensburg’s German community. Buerglin, in addition to being a teamster for a local freight company, was a popular bandleader. Their deaths sparked rumblings among many local citizens about doing something about the murders, including possibly hanging the Vinsons.

Concerned about his prisoners’ safety, Sheriff William M. Stinson, took certain precautions. He deputized six armed men, who joined him in keeping watch over the

1883 Kittitas County

prisoners. Additionally, he gave the keys to the jail cell containing the Vinsons to his office deputy, Frederick D. Schnebly, and sent him to another location.

According to Baumgart, Sheriff Stinson had received information that led him to believe that while the townspeople were angry, they wouldn’t attempt any type of mob action.

He also was convinced the jailhouse would be impossible to breach, especially the casehardened steel cell door lock. He would be proven wrong.

Vigilante Justice At just after midnight, a mob estimated to number between 50 and 100 men, some wearing masks, gathered at the jail. City marshals attempted to get the crowd to disperse. Failing that, they ran to city hall to ring the fire bell. Despite the clamor, the mob pressed forward.

Meanwhile inside the jail, Sheriff Stinson and his guards had stowed their rifles on a bed in the sheriff’s bedroom. They were standing in the hallway, unarmed, when the mob rushed the building. Seeing a rifle barrel pocking through the door, the sheriff and his men tried to grab their guns in the bedroom, but, according to the later recollections of an eye witness,

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Continued from Page 23

“the night latch on the bedroom door had snapped on, locking them out so they could not get the rifles.”

The mob quickly gained control and access to the jail building. But upon reaching the cells, they found they were unable to break the lock or batter down the doors with a railroad rail. Defiantly, the younger Vinson was said to have taunted the mob, spat tobacco juice at them, and, several times, blew out their candles by fanning his hat. At one point, one of the vigilantes fired twice at Charles, But the latter was able to hide in a darkened corner of his cell and escape being shot.

Not everyone was on board with the mob violence. A couple of times during the night, several prominent local citizens, including Superior Court Judge Carrol B. Graves, attempted to calm the crowd, but those efforts proved fruitless. Finally, a blacksmith in the mob started chiseling at the wall where the cell door hinges were embedded.

About an hour and a half after the mob had broken inside the jailhouse, the cell doors gave way. The mob quickly grabbed the two Vinsons and, following a brief struggle, placed ropes around their necks.

The mob dragged the two first

to a livery stable at Sixth and Main, but found a telephone pole there was inadequate for hanging the two men. They continued on Main Street to in front of Dr. Gray’s house, but, again none of the poles or trees there were usable.

At Seventh Avenue and Pearl Street, the mob stopped to hang the Vinsons from the cross-arm of an electric light pole in front of the home of George “Ed” Dickson. The home owner, however, came out to plead with the crowd not to hang the men there because his wife was sick and upset about the hanging. The mob leaders agreed to bypass the Dickson house, especially after being unable to climb the light pole.

On the northeast corner of Seventh and Pine streets, however, the mob found a cottonwood (some accounts say it was a silver poplar) tree that was thick and sturdy enough to be useful. “Rope were thrown over the first limb and father and son hauled up by many willing hands,” noted the Associated Press wire service on August 14.

“Their feet were not even a foot from the ground and her two men were choked to death with their faces within six inches of each other.”

The news account said Sam Vinson was stoic prior to and during the hanging, but Charles

struggled beforehand and said, “I hate it on my mother’s account.

You’ll be sorry for this.” The elder Vinson was strung up first and just before Charles joined him, a man in the crowd said, “Your pa is up there; go up and see him.”

The men remained hanging in the tree until about 7 a.m., when authorities took them down and laid them beneath the tree. At about 8 a.m., the bodies were placed in a wagon and taken to an undertaker parlor.

The two were later buried in unmarked pauper graves in the Holy Cross Catholic Cemetery.

The hanging tree was chopped down a few years later by a new property owner who didn’t want the stigma.

The Aftermath In the days following the hanging, legal authorities said they would immediately take steps to identify the leaders of the lynching party and have them arrested and punished. On August 19, eight Ellensburg men, including bar owner Frank Uebelacker, were arrested and charged with participating in the hanging.

During the preliminary hearing, three of the eight men were dismissed due to a lack of evidence. Several other men were later arrested, bringing the total back to eight defendants,

who would be tried in two separate trials (one for those accused of hanging Sam and one for those accused of killing Charles). Following a lengthy jury selection process—impartial witnesses were difficult to find— the first trial involving five of the men began on September 19.

Over the next day and a half, the prosecution called 13 witnesses, most of whom were deputies, while the defense presented 26 witnesses, most being character witnesses.

Closing arguments lasted until about 11 p.m. on September 20.

On the morning of Saturday, September 21, jurors returned a verdict—not guilty. Prosecutors decided that taking the remaining three defendants to trial would be a “useless” exercise, so those charges were soon dismissed.

Ultimately, no one was punished for the hanging.

In the end, the Ellensburg Dawn newspaper probably said it best in a story that appeared following the lynching, when it simply noted: “Thus ends a week of sorrow and horror in the history of Ellensburg.”

— Richard Moreno is the author of 14 books, including Frontier Fake News: Nevada’s Sagebrush Hoaxsters and Humorists and the forthcoming Washington Historic Places on the National Register. He is the former director of executive communications at Central Washington University and was

LET’S TALK Let us know what you think about 1883 Kittitas County.

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KVEC celebrates huge economic impact, announces plans for reconstruction of grandstands The Kittitas Valley Event Center (KVEC) announced a landmark milestone: a $26.6 million overall economic impact in 2024, reinforcing its position as a powerhouse in local tourism, culture and community development.

In addition to tourism revenue, KVEC’s 2024 contributions included: • $675,000 in direct local spending • More than $700,000 into the community indirectly through fairrelated programs • More than $150,000 in support to partners such as Washington State University Extension Service, the American Red Cross, the Kittitas County Sheriff ’s Office and the Ellensburg Rodeo Posse As part of its commitment to modernization and safety, KVEC’s next major capital improvement

initiative will be the Rodeo Grandstands Reconstruction Project.

Plans are to break ground next month.

The $13.5 million investment comes from major contributors that include Kittitas County, the Ellensburg Rodeo Association and the City of Ellensburg, with additional grant support from the Kittitas County Lodging Tax Fund and the Washington State Department of Commerce.

The grandstands project has been slated alongside other futurefocused projects such as a new RV park and the Western Village expansion. It is part of a strategic vision for KVEC’s long-term sustainability, economic vitality and cultural relevance.

For more information visit www. kittitasvalleyeventcenter.com.

Clymer Museum announces its first-ever juried exhibit: No Limits The Clymer Museum announced its first-ever juried exhibition, No Limits and is issuing an open call for local artists to submit up to three original works of art. All pieces must be available for sale. Size is not a limitation.

No Limits is about showcasing the full spectrum of artistic expression found in the valley. Cash prizes will be awarded.

Artists interested in participating may contact Director Mia Merendino for full details and submission guidelines at info@ clymermuseum.org, curator@clymermuseum. org or call 509-962-6416.

Love what you see?

Call Robyn and advertise your business!

Be sure to ask how to be a part of the 2025 Gift Guide!

THE EMBLEM (2020) Soon after Callie Rushton begins work as a tutor for a prominent businessman’s children, she meets his right-hand man, Gabe Ward, and is undeniably drawn to him. She has every reason to believe her feelings are mutual. But she lives in the small, coal mining town of Roslyn and it’s the 1930 when racial tensions are high.

Callie knows that a relationship with a man of color would jeopardize her standing in the town and compromise Gabe’s position. Though Gabe insists they maintain their distance from each other, the two keep meeting by accident. When their employer’s young son touches on a mystery pertaining to the first African Americans to arrive in Roslyn, they are brought together again.

Through their search for the truth of the past, Gabe and Callie are made aware of unspoken societal boundaries and the cost of love across color lines. The Emblem, while fiction, draws its inspiration from events of the Roslyn strike of 1888-’89 when more than 300 African Americans arrived to town, not knowing they’d be made strikebreakers.

Written with compassion and heart, this story invites readers to consider the hardship and decisions placed upon its characters.

Historical fiction inspired by the first Black pioneers, the Craven Family to Washington state. Articles and interviews with the Craven family and book purchases can be found on author’s website: www.alisaweis.com 1883 Kittitas County

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EVENTS CALENDAR SEPTEMBER 3 Bike Night, The Porch, 6pm Bingo, Whipsaw Brewing, 6pm RDA Roslyn Music Jam, Roslyn Creative Center, 6:30pm Trivia, Iron Horse Brewery, 6:30pm SEPTEMBER 4 The Wall That Heals Opening Ceremony, Rotary Park, 9am Open Mic Poetry, Club 301, 6pm SEPTEMBER 5 The Wall That Heals, Rotary Park, open 24 hours Yard Sale at KVUUC, 400 N Anderson Ellensburg, Noon First Friday Art Walk, Ellensburg, 6pm Big Sky: Modern Mountain Art Show, Nuwave Gallery, 5pm Blusers, Gard Vintners, 6pm Kyle Bain, Valo Tasting Room, 6pm Trick Pony, The Brick Saloon, 9pm Kevin, Nodding Donkey Bar, 7pm SEPTEMBER 6 The Wall That Heals, Rotary Park, open 24 hours Ellensburg Farmers Market, Downtown Ellensburg, 9am Roslyn’s Women’s Mountain Bike Ride, Roslyn Yard, 9am Mary Duke, Art in the Park, Unity Park Ellensburg, 10am Snow White, Roslyn Yard, 7:30pm The Canyoneros + Tinned Fish, Iron Horse Brewery, 6pm YouFouric, Cle Elum Eagles, 7pm Santo Poco, The Brick Saloon, 9pm

Roadfever, Unity Park, 5pm SEPTEMBER 7 The Wall That Heals, Rotary Park Roslyn Farmers Market, Downtown Roslyn, 10am SEPTEMBER 8 Noontime Ukulele Club ages 15115, 201 N Pearl, 12:10pm Trivia, Whipsaw Brewing, 6pm

Midfield Drive Ellensburg, 4:30pm Quilters Yard Sale, Ellensburg Presbyterian Church, 8am Mel Peterson, Whipsaw, 6pm Dirtbag Carnival 2025, Iron Horse Brewery, 4pm Star Anna, Kittitas Cafe, 7pm Under the Covers, Wenas Creek Saloon, 8:30pm Mufasa, Roslyn Yard, Roslyn, 7:20pm Contraband, Cle Elum Eagles, 7pm Darci Carlson, The Brick Saloon, 9pm Karaoke, Nodding Donkey Bar, 7pm

SEPTEMBER 9 Kittitas County Master Gardener Plant Clinic, The Armory, 11:30am Paint Party, Valo Tasting Room, 5:30pm Poirot Tuesdays, 420 Loft Gallery, 7pm SEPTEMBER 15 Ellensburg Swing Dance Project, SEPTEMBER 10 Hal Holmes Community Center, Bingo, Whipsaw Brewing, 6pm 7pm Mr. G, Gard Vintners, 5pm Brochet Night, Iron Horse Brewery, 5:30pm SEPTEMBER 11 Trivia, Whipsaw, 6pm United We Stand. Remembering Readers Theatre VTC Script in September 11, 2001 Hand Series, Gard Vintners, 6:30pm SEPTEMBER 12 Petting Zoo & Crafts, 730 Alford SEPTEMBER 16 Road Ellensburg, 10am Kittitas County Master Gardener Barbie, Roslyn Yard, 7:20pm Plant Clinic, The Armory, EHS Football vs Selah, 11:30am Ellensburg High School, 7pm Paint & Sip, Whipsaw Brewery, Cirque ma’Ceo - Ellensburg, KV 6pm Event Center, 7pm Poirot Tuesdays, 420 Loft Gallery, Jesse James & The Mob, Gard 7pm Vintners, 6pm Kyle James & The Hay Dogs, Iron SEPTEMBER 17 Horse Brewery, 7pm UKCSC Field Trip Bus Legends Casino, UKCSC Centennial SEPTEMBER 13 Center, 10am Community Apple Pressing Knudson Lumber 85th party, Wheel Line Cider, 10am Anniversary Bash & Barbecue, Blues, Brews & BBQ, 671 Vantage Hwy, 11am

1883 Kittitas County

Bingo, Whipsaw Brewing, 6pm SEPTEMBER 18 Mel & Dre, The Brick House Nursery, 5pm SEPTEMBER 19 Mikestoberfest 2025, Mikes Tavern Cle Elum, 5pm Loco Motion, Gard Vintners, 6pm Teanaway Ranching with Phil Hess, Carpenter House Basement Cle Elum, 5:30pm Poetry Open Mic, Roslyn Public Library, 7pm The Boys in the Boat, Roslyn Yard, 7:10pm Vaught Rock, Nodding Donkey Bar, 7pm SEPTEMBER 20 Ellensburg Farmers Market, Downtown Ellensburg, 9am Cle Elum Cars & coffee, Dru Bru Cle Elum, 10am Oktoberfest, Dru Bru Cle Elum, 11am Cle Elum Eagles Crab & Chowder Feed, Cle Elum Eagles, 4pm Hip-hop of Hades, Old Skool’s, 7pm Auditions: Cabernet Cabaret Broadway’s Dark Side, Make Music Ellensburg, 9am Auditions: Twas the Night Before Christmas, 118 E 4th Ellensburg, 3:30pm Gallop to Greatness Dinner & Auction, Spirit Therapeutic Riding Center, 5:30pm Abbigale, Kittitas Cafe, 7pm Fish Food Bank Pint Night, Iron Horse Brewery, 1pm Wicked, Roslyn Yard, Roslyn

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September 2025

EVENTS CALENDAR

7:10pm Jumpin Johnny, Cle Elum Eagles, 7:30pm Freddy Luongo, The Brick Saloon, 9pm

11:30am Bite of the ‘Burg, Downtown Ellensburg, 2pm Poirot Tuesdays, 420 Loft Art Gallery, 7pm

SEPTEMBER 21 Manastash Ridge Community Group Hike, Manastash Ridge Trailhead, 9am Women’s Collective Rendezvous, Canyon River Lodge, 9am Autumn Plant Fest - Plant Swap Sale and Makers Market, 101 E University Way, 9am Unity in the Park Eburg Day Fest, Unity Park, 2pm - 8pm

SEPTEMBER 24 Owen Barnhart, Gard Vintners, 5pm Bingo, Whipsaw Brewing, 6pm

SEPTEMBER 22 Trivia, Whipsaw Brewing, 6pm Sip, Ink & Unwind, Canyon River Lodge, 6:30pm

SEPTEMBER 26 EHS Football vs Toppenish, Ellensburg High School, 7pm

SEPTEMBER 23 Kittitas County Master Gardener Plant Clinic, The Armory,

SEPTEMBER 25 Bloom & Brush: Garden Watercolor Paint + Sip, The Brick House Gardens, 6pm DJ Forrest Gump, Cle Elum Eagles, 7pm

Downtown Ellensburg, 9am Buskers in the Burg, Unity Park Ellensburg, 10am Kittitas County Garden Demonstration Series, Armory Room A, 10am Polar Express Holiday Show Kids Audition, 401 E Mountain View, Ellensburg, 1:30pm Last Chance Kids Dance Team Audition, 401 E Mountain View, Ellensburg, 4pm Corey Perkins Senior Recital, McIntyre Music building CWU, 4pm Andy & Aiden, Nodding Donkey Bar, 7pm SEPTEMBER 29 Trivia, Whipsaw Brewing, 6pm

SEPTEMBER 27 Cowboy Cross, Ellensburg Rodeo Arena, 9am Ellensburg Farmers Market,

SEPTEMBER 30 Master Gardener Plant Clinic, The Armory, 11:30am Poirot Tuesdays, 420 Loft Gallery, 7pm

CLYMER MUSEUM 416 N. Pearl Street D & M COFFEE DOWNTOWN 325 N. Pearl Street ROCK ’N’ ROLL HISTORY 202 E. Fourth Avenue ELLENSBURG RODEO HALL OF FAME 414 N. Pearl Street FITTERER’S BUILDING 114 W. Fourth Avenue GALLERY ONE 408 N. Pearl Street

KITTITAS COUNTY RECOVERY CENTER 211 W. Third Avenue VENUES

GARD VINTNERS 311 N. Pearl Street HOTEL WINDROW 502 N. Main Street THE INK 405 N. Main Street KITTITAS COUNTY HISTORICAL MUSEUM 114 E. Third Avenue For more information go to www.ci.ellensburg.wa.us/409/First-Friday-Art-Walk

1883 Kittitas County

THE MULE 119 E. Fourth Avenue NUWAVE GALLERY 115 W. Third Avenue THE PALACE GALLERY 210 W. Fourth Avenue PEARL STREET BOOKS AND GIFTS 421 N. Pearl Street VALO 321 N. Pearl Street

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