Graduation Project Technical Report

Elaf Rehabilitation Center For Frontliners Suffering From PTSD

Graduation Project II October University for Modern Science & Arts Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture Technical Report

Elaf Rehabilitation Center For Frontliners Suffering From PTSD

Graduation Project II October University for Modern Science & Arts Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture Technical Report

Spring 2024

Abstract The proposed project is a care center for frontliners suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD), frontliners are humanitarian aid workers who rescue people from disasters, whether these be from nature or humans. The center will be designed specifically for these forgotten frontliners who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the many other illnesses that come with it, including mental and physical health challenges. It designed to help them overcome the negative effect that PTSD has on their lives and give them the ultimate support and treatment they so desperately need. Furthermore, this care center aims to provide the necessary educational and training programs that the frontliners will need to learn coping mechanisms, methods for building resilience, techniques for managing stress, and much more. Ensuring that they leave with the necessary skills to effectively manage and mitigate the psychological impact that their work can have on them during stressful and traumatic situations. Moreover, the care center will not only provide to existing frontliners, nor will it be limited to ones with existing PTSD, this care center hopes to also provide psychological and mental preparation to any new frontliner.

3 Elaf Rehabilitation Center

LIST OF CONTENT 1. Introduction 1.1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Mission 1.4 Vision

2. Site analysis 2.1. Aswan City 2.2. Social analysis 2.3 Healing elements in Aswan 2.4. Autonomy in Aswan 2.5 General Map 2.6 Urban Analysis 2.7 Urban Investigation

3. Project Design 3.1. Program 3.2. Case Study 1 3.3. Case Study 2 3.4. Concept 1 3.5 Concept 2 3.6 Concept 3 3.7. Selected Concept 3.8 Initial Sketches 3.9 Jury II 3.10 Jury III 3.11 Jury IV 3.12 Final Jury

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LIST OF CONTENT 4. Construction Details 4.1 Post-Tension System 4.2 Retaining Wall System 4.3 Wall section

5. Technical Details 5.1 Natural Daylight 5.2 HVAC System 5.3 Paints Systems 5.4 Granite-Tech paver system 5.5 Overflow water system 5.7 Green Roof System

6. Sustainability 6.1 Environmental Sustainability 6.2 Social Sustainability 6.3 Economic Sustainability

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List of Figure Chapter I : Introduction Fig 1.1 : effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ( by authors , 2023 ) Fig 1.2 : Rescue teams first responders helping people in catastrophic situations collage ( by authors , 2024 ) Fig 1.3 : shows A timeline graphical representation of incidents were human aid workers were involved and greatly affected by over the past 50 years ( by authors , 2024 ) Fig 1.4 : shows Humanitarian aid in action of helping refugees, war and incident effected victims collage ( by authors 2024 ) Fig 1.5 : Rescue teams first responders helping people in catastrophic situations collage( by authors 2024 ) Fig 1.6 : PTSD represented by a cluster of keywords ( by authors , 2023 )

Chapter II : Site Analysis Fig 2.1 : Nubian Culture Fig 2.3 : Benban Solar Power (SACI, 2023) Fig 2.4 : Aswan specialized hospital (gah.gov.eg, 2023) Fig 2.5 : Aswan hayah karima schools (gah.gov.eg, 2023) Fig 2.6 : Aswan natural hills and mountains Fig 2.7 : Aswan natural islands and trees Fig 2.8 Average min. and max. temperatures chart (Atlas, n.d.).

Fig 2.9 Humidity chart (Atlas, n.d.).

Fig 2.10 Psychrometric chart (By authors,2023).

Fig 2.11 . Windrose (By authors,2023).

Fig. 2.12 Showing Nubian men (Dina ,2017) Fig. 2.13 Showing Nubian man (Stefan ,2018) Fig. 2.14 Showing Nubian man (Stefan ,2018) Fig. 2.15 Showing Nubian women (Shad ,2020) Fig. 2.16 Showing Nubian Woman (Yousef, n.d.)

Fig. 2.17 Showing different Nubian activities (Medina (2016) Fig. 2.18 Showing different Nubian activities (Medina (2016) Fig. 2.19 . Cymbopogon citratus plants in Aswan. Retrieved from meridiantrading.com (n.d) Fig. 2.20 . Botanical Island in Aswan. Retrieved from google maps (2023), illustrated by authors (2023).

Fig. 2.21 . Melaleuca leucadendra in Aswan. Retrieved from territorynativeplants.com (2023) Fig. 2.22 . Night sky seen on a remote desert in Aswan. Retrieved from aswanluxortravel.com (2023), edited by authors (2023).

Fig. 2.23 . Salah, A. (2019) Sand burying in Aswan.

Fig. 2.24 . Tourist walking along the shore of the Nile River. Retrieved from quiteandgotravel.com (2023) Fig. 2.25. Bird watching on Saluga Island. Retrieved from Connelly Cove, 2023) Fig. 2.26. Meditation in an ancient temple Fig. 2.27. Meditator during meditation in Aswan (Yom Al Sabe’i, 2019) Fig. 2.28. Meditation in Aswan (Yom Al Sabe’i, 2019) Fig. 2.29 Distribution of light inside a space (Aramco World., 2006).

Fig. 2.30 Use of mud-stones in construction (Aramco World., 2006).

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Fig. 2.31Colors & Geometric patterns on the façade (Aramco World., 2006).

Fig. 2.32 general map, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

Fig2.33 visual analysis map 1 ( by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.34 View A ( by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.35 View B ( by author, 2023).

Fig2.36 visual analysis map ( by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.37 View C ( by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.38 View D ( by author, 2023).

Fig 2.39 accessibility to the site from the nearby shores (Illustrated by Authors ,2023) Fig 2.40 showing Nubian boats used to visit the islands Fig 2.41 land use map, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.42 . Solid & void Analysis (author, 2023).

Fig. 2.43 land use map, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.44. Land use Analysis (author, 2023).

Fig 2.45 show the great mosque illustrated by (Authors, 2023) Fig 2.46 show the Temple of Nakhtenbo illustrated by (Authors, 2023) Figure 2.47 show the Temple of Trajan's Kiosk illustrated by (Authors, 2023) Figure 2.48 show the General Administration For Water Resources & Irrigation illustrated by (Authors, 2023) Figure 2.49 show the Magdy El Shaheed entire junior high illustrated by (Authors, 2023) Figure 2.50 show the Electric utility company illustrated by (Authors, 2023) Fig. 2.51 Building conditions, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

Fig 2.52 building condition analysis chart ( by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.53 Aswan building heights map, data source Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

Fig 2.54 building condition analysis chart ( by author, 2023).

Figure 2.55 show two storey religious building of 7-meter height .(author,2023 ) Figure 2.56 show two storey Temple of 7-meter height .(author,2023 ) Figure 2.57 show One storey educational building of 3-meter height .(author,2023 ) Figure 2.58 show One storey governmental building of 3-meter height .(author,2023 ) Figure 2.59 show One storey Residential buildings of 3- or 4-meter height .(author,2023 ) Fig 2.60 : Site Elevation Profile From A to B ( by Author) Fig 2.61 : Site Elevation Profile From A to B ( by Author) Fig 2.62 : Site Elevation Profile From X to Y ( by Author) Fig 2.63 compact organic fabric illustrated by authors 2023 Fig 2.64 very loose organic fabric illustrated by authors 2023 Fig 2,65 compact linear fabric illustrated by authors 2023 Fig 2.66 compact linear fabric illustrated by authors 2023 Fig 2.67 Vegetation map (Author, 2023) Fig 2.68 Vegetation ratio graph (Authors, 2023) Fig 2.69 : surrounding map (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.70 Sensory features map, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

Fig 2.71 . 3D Sun path diagram (By authors).

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Fig 2.72 D Sun path diagram (By authors).

Fig 2.73 . Sun radiation analysis on conceptual mass placed in site (By authors,2023).

Fig2.74 2D Hourly Plot (By authors,2023).

Fig 2.75 3D Hourly Plot (By authors,2023).

Fig. 2.76. S.W.O.T. analysis presented on map of site 3, illustrated by authors (2023) Fig. 2.79 Urban investigation map, by authors (2023) Fig. 2.80 urban zones analysis , by authors (2024)

Chapter III : Project Design Fig. 3.1. showing plan (Baraniak, 2020) edited by authors (2023).

Fig. 3.2. interior shot (Baraniak, 2020) edited by authors (2023).

Fig. 3.3. interior court (Baraniak, 2020) edited by authors (2023).

Fig. 3.4. open spaces exposed more to nature. retrieved from archdaily 2022 (illustrated by authors, 2024) Fig. 3.5 . Indoor restaurant having complete view of the nature outside retrieved from Travel and Leisure 2023 (illustrated by authors, 2024) Fig. 3.6 . Open space immersed with landscape, retrieved from Travel and Leisure 2023 (illustrated by authors, 2024) Fig. 3.7 AI generated image created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.8 . Concept 1 poster created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.9 AI generated image created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.10 . Concept 2 poster created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.11 AI generated image created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.12 . Concept 2 poster created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.13 . AI generated image created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.12 . AI generated image created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.13 . Conceptual sketches created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.14 . Plan sketches created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.15 . Jury 2 panels created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.16 . Jury 3 panels created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.17 . Landscape sketches created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.18 . Jury 4 panels created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.19 . Final Jury panels created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.20 . Master Plan created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.21 . Layout created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.23 . Level +6 Plan created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.22 . Level +10 Plan created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.24.Section A-A created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.25 Main Elevation created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.26.Section B-B created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.27 Side Elevation created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.28 . Therapeutic plazas created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.29 . Landscape Section 1 created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.30 . Landscape Section 2 created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.31 . Wall section created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.32 . Shading device diagram created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.33 . Air flow system created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.34 . Building annual consumption created by authors (2024).

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Fig. 3.35 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.36 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.37 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.39 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.39 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.40 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.41 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.42 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Chapter IV : Construction Details Fig. 4.1 PS components diagram created by authors (2024).

Fig. 4.2 photos for P.S Components by (“Post-Tension Slabs: Analysis, Design & Construction,” n.d.)

Fig. 4.3 PS constriction stages created by authors (2024).

Fig. 4.4 Structure Exploded diagram created by authors (2024).

Fig. 4.5 Structure Type diagram created by authors (2024).

Fig. 4.6 Structural plan created by authors (2024).

Fig. 4.7 Anchor Detail created by (2024).

Fig. 4.8 Expansion detail inside P.S slabs created by (2024).

Fig. 4.9 shots show up the types of blocks created by authors (2024).

Fig. 4.10 Nile Shoreline Block created by (Redi-Rock - Integrated Wall Solutions, n.d.-b) Fig. 4.11 Landscape Stairs detail created by (Redi-Rock - Integrated Wall Solutions, n.d.-b) Fig. 4.12 Free standing Block created by (Redi-Rock - Integrated Wall Solutions, n.d.-b) Fig. 4.13 positive connection Block created by (Redi-Rock - Integrated Wall Solutions, n.d.-b)

Chapter V : Technical Details Fig. 5.1 Section show up technical systems created by authors (2024).

Fig. 5.2 fish eye view for main entrance of residential block show up the distribution of light inside the space created by authors (2024).

Fig. 5.3 Analytical plans for daylight analysis created by authors (2024).

Fig. 5.3 daylight tube location inside the building created by authors (2024).

Fig. 5.4 HVAC system location and Components created by authors (2024).

Fig. 5.5 LG Multi V Water IV system unit by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

Fig. 5.6 chiller system integration with VRF diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

Fig. 5.7 Full HVAC System component diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

Fig. 5.8 Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) system diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

Fig. 5.9 Auto Operation function diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

Fig. 5.10 Human Detection Sensor diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

Fig. 5.11 Human Detection Sensor energy saving diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

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Fig. 5.12 Colors TSR% level created by author (2024) Fig. 5.13 Tech Paver unit by (Tile Tech Pavers, 2024) Fig. 5.15 Over flow thank system process created by author (2024) Fig. 5.16 Gray water system process created by author (2024) Fig. 5.17 Green Roof section detail by (CADdetails, n.d.)

Fig. 5.18 automated air shaft detail created by (2024)

Chapter IV : Sustainability Fig. 6.1 Plant species diagram created by author (2024) Fig. 6.2 Wildlife species created by author (2024) Fig. 6.3 Plazas location created by author (2024) Fig. 6.4 Community plaza benefits created by author (2024) Fig. 6.5 plazas shots created by author (2024)

List of Tables Table 1 Project program , by authors (2024) Table 3 LG Multi V Water IV system specification , by authors (2024) Table 2 , PT advantaged and disadvantages , by authors (2024) Table 4 , Paver system technical specification , by authors (2024)

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Acknowledgment

Thanks, and Appreciation In the beginning, I would love to thank God Almighty for blessing me with the opportunity to be here and for giving me the knowledge and strength to complete this project.

Secondly, I truly thank anyone who has helped me with their time and efforts during the phases of this research project.

I also cannot express enough gratitude to our doctors and professors who supported us on this research journey.

Dr. Omar Fawzy Dr. Nihal Amer Dr. Tarek AbdelSalam.

I express my special thanks and appreciation for our supervising Dr. Dr. Shreen Abu Dhagger Without her support and guidance, the completion of this project would not have been accomplished.

And finally, I would love to thank all the lecture and teaching assistants, especially Eng. Shreen Hussain.

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Acknowledgment

Thanks, and Appreciation I believe that every end is a new beginning. As I see my university journey coming to a close, I'm filled with pride and gratitude. After all the hard work and challenges, I'm wrapping up my graduation project with all my energy and enthusiasm, deeply thankful to everyone who supported me along the way. Thanks and praise to God, for I could not have done this without His grace. ‫آ‬ 10 ‫ الية‬- ‫سورة يونس‬

َ ‫) َوآ ِخ ُر َد ْع َو ُآه ْم َآن ْآل َح ْم ُد ِ ه ِّلِل َرب ْآل َع َالم‬ )‫ين‬ ِ ِ ِ

I dedicate this success to everyone who helped me. May you always be my strength. I dedicate this project to the person who raised me, taught me values, and supported me unconditionally. To the one whose name is forever linked with mine, who has always been my source of strength and encouragement, I have fulfilled my promise and dedicate this achievement to you. — my father

To the one who lit my way during dark times, who sacrificed everything so I could achieve my dreams, who stayed up, supported me, and fought for me to reach this moment, to the light of my life and my greatest support—my mother.

And to my sisters, the candles that light my way.

To my friends, who share in my joy, who smoothed the rough patches with their prayers and love, and who stood by me through all my struggles—thank you.

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Introduction

I. Introduction

1.1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) 1.1.1 Detention After going through or witnessing a very traumatic or stressful event, a person may develop post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) . The person believes that their life or the lives of others are in danger during this kind of incident. They might experience fear or a sense of helplessness over the situation.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) may then be exacerbated by these trauma and fear-related feelings. Most survivors of traumatic events may experience short-term difficulties adjusting and coping, but they typically recover with time and appropriate self-care. You might have post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) if the symptoms worsen, persist for several months or even years, and affect your ability to function on a daily basis. When post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) symptoms appear, receiving good treatment can be essential to symptom reduction and function improvement. PostTraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms may start within one month of a traumatic event, but sometimes symptoms may not appear until years after the event. These symptoms cause significant problems in social or work situations and in relationships. They can also interfere with your ability to go about your normal daily tasks.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) can strike anyone at any age. This covers those who have served in the armed forces as well as those who have been the victim of abuse, assault, or other serious incidents, including accidents and disasters. Even when they are safe, people with post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) may experience anxiety or tension.

FIGHT ANXIETY

DEPRESSION

FLASHBACK STRESS

FEAR

Fig 1.1 : effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ( by authors , 2024 )

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I. Introduction

1.1.2 Why Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Paramedics are members of the emergency medical team who arrive first on the scene to offer care and keep patients stable. As a result, paramedics face difficult situations every day while giving physical and mental support to victims of critical incidents. As a result, experiences of potentially traumatic occupation-related incidents may result in post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), (Hoell, et.al.,2023).

Rescue workers are individuals who work professionally or voluntarily to help others in emergency situations, such as firefighters, social workers, police officers, physicians and nurses, and those who search for survivors. All of them are almost daily exposed to traumatic incidents as a result of their professional tasks (Setti, et.al.,2016).

Journalists often the first responders to news events, sometimes arriving before police or paramedics. Reporters are frequently firsthand witnesses to shootings, natural disasters, wars, and terrible accidents. They are in charge of retelling the experiences of victims and grieve loved ones in the aftermath. Journalists, like police officers, firefighters, and soldiers, are at a high risk for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , emotional distress, compassion fatigue, and trauma-related guilt due to the nature of their jobs (Seely,2019).

The treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among those 3 groups is very crucial in order for them to continue their important jobs and service providence to people as they have a very crucial role in the society. But unfortunately, it was observed through research that PTSD treatment centers are non-existent in Egypt or the Mena region so those groups are neglected and marginalized among the middle-eastern society specifically in Egypt. So the project aim is to serve those groups by providing them with the proper care and support to fully recover from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to be able to lead a better life and to continue serving the society with the proper mental state (by Authors,2023).

Fig 1.2 : Rescue teams first responders helping people in catastrophic situations collage ( by authors , 2024 )

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I. Introduction

1.2 Problem Statement The proposed project is a care center for relief workers suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD) , Relief workers are humanitarian aid workers who work in aid of rescuing disasters’ survivors . which will provide the care and treatment that our relief workers are so desperately in need of. Relief workers undergo a series of traumatic experiences and events while fulfilling their duty, these traumatic experiences lead to several short- and long-term mental health issues which affect even the simplest of tasks.

Moreover, this project will not only support the relief workers of our nation, but the relief workers of the region around us, as our region lacks a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) care center for relief workers. This project is dedicated to helping those who risked and dedicated their life to us, unconditionally every day.

Fig 1.3 : shows A timeline graphical representation of incidents were human aid workers were involved and greatly affected by over the past 50 years ( by authors , 2024 )

1.3 Mission The center will be designed specifically for relief workers who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and many other challenges, including mental health challenges. The center is not limited to relief workers returning from their work, but also to workers who will begin their work journey in order to give them psychological and mental preparation to prepare for this work.

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I. Introduction

“You get addicted to this work, because it is so hard to settle back into normal life.”

Fig 1.4 : shows Humanitarian aid in action of helping refugees, war and incident effected victims collage ( by authors 2024 )

“Pressure tolerance; This is because the firefighter must be present 24 hours a day at the fire station; Ready for any call.”

Fig 1.5 : Rescue teams first responders helping people in catastrophic situations collage ( by authors 2024 )

1.4 Vision Our vision of the Care center is to help relief workers to overcome the post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) effects on their lives and give the ultimate support they may need among the world's disasters and wars these days.

The project will provide a location where its environment plays a big role in mental and physical recovery to achieve our goal .The center will further more be a safe place for them to face their traumas and overcome them. The place is set to be designed and have all the required facilities and needs to support and ensure user health, comfort, safety, interaction and wellbeing.

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I. Introduction

1.5 Objectives 1. Provide educational and training programs that prioritize teaching relief workers essential coping mechanisms, methods for building resilience, and techniques for managing stress. These programs aim to equip new relief workers with the necessary skills to effectively manage and mitigate the psychological impact of their work in stressful and traumatic situations. Rephrase to provide comprehensive care for emergency workers experiencing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , it is important to include a range of services such as psychiatric, psychological, and social work support in your multidisciplinary Care Centre strategy. This approach ensures a thorough and holistic approach to addressing their needs.

2. Create a multidisciplinary approach within the Care Centre that integrates psychiatric, psychological, and social work services to provide a comprehensive and holistic care framework for relief workers suffering from post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

3. Use the existing elements to enhance rehabilitation process and develop the existing site with integrate the project with the surroundings.

Fig 1.6 : PTSD represented by a cluster of keywords ( by authors , 2023 )

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Site analysis

II. Site Analysis

2.1. Aswan City 2.1.1 Aswan Historical Background Aswan, an ancient city in southern Egypt, has a rich historical background. Initially known as Swenett in pharaonic Egypt, it served as a vital trade and military hub at the First Nile Cataract. The city boasts architectural treasures like the relocated Philae Temple and bears the influence of Nubian culture. Aswan's history is marked by extensive trade, notably in gold, and the modern construction of the Aswan High Dam, altering the region's landscape. Today, the city is a popular tourist destination, blending ancient heritage with modern influences and reflecting a dynamic cultural diversity.

2.1.2 Aswan Culture Aswan's culture is a vibrant fusion of ancient Egyptian and Nubian influences, shaped by its historical role as a trade and military hub. The city boasts architectural treasures like the relocated Philae Temple and embraces the unique traditions of the Nubian people, reflected in art, music, and daily life. Traditional arts and crafts, Nubian music and dance, and a distinctive culinary scene contribute to Aswan's rich cultural tapestry. The city hosts festivals and celebrations that showcase its cultural diversity, while ongoing efforts in cultural preservation underscore its commitment to safeguarding and promoting its unique heritage.

Aswan stands as a dynamic destination, offering an authentic cultural experience that bridges the ancient and the contemporary.

Fig 2.1 : Nubian Culture

2.1.3 Aswan Accessibility Accessibility to Aswan from Cairo, the capital of Egypt, involves various transportation methods, each differing in travel time and convenience. The quickest route is by air, with flights departing from Cairo International Airport and landing at Aswan International Airport. These flights typically take around 1.5 to 2 hours. Alternatively, travellers can opt for the Egyptian National Railways trains, which operate between Cairo and Aswan. The train journey spans about 10 to 12 hours, offering different classes, including first-class sleeper cabins for a more comfortable overnight experience. For those preferring road travel, the distance between Cairo and Aswan is roughly 890 kilometre's , requiring around 9 to 12 hours by car or bus, accounting for traffic conditions, breaks, and the chosen mode of transport.

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II. Site Analysis

2.1.4 Aswan Infrastructure Electricity in Aswan plays a vital role in the city's development and economic growth. The city is home to a diverse mix of power generation. Aswan is a pioneer in the use of renewable energy sources, particularly hydropower. The Aswan High Dam, constructed in the 1960s, is the primary source of hydroelectricity in Egypt. The dam has a generating capacity of 2,100 megawatts (MW) and provides approximately 15% of the country's electricity needs. (Aswan High Dam, 2023) .

In addition to hydropower, Aswan is also exploring other renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. The Benban Solar Power Plant, located near Aswan, is one of the largest solar power plants in the world, with a capacity of 1.8 GW. The plant is expected to generate enough electricity to power nearly 2 million homes. (Power: Solar PV Plants Overview - GlobalData, 2008.)

Fig 2.2 : Aswan High Dam (Abella, 2023)

Fig 2.3 : Benban Solar Power (SACI, 2023)

The Aswan Water System stands as a vital resource hub, primarily relying on two key sources: the Nile River and Lake Nasser. Annually, the Nile contributes an average of 55 cubic kilometres of water, while Lake Nasser, serving as a substantial reservoir, holds a capacity of 132 cubic kilometres .To meet the region's water treatment demands, facilities possess a treatment capacity of 1.2 million cubic meters (3.2 million cubic feet) per day, employing sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection processes (Abella, 2023) .

2.1.5 Aswan Services Aswan provides a comprehensive range of services to meet the needs of residents and tourists.

Accommodation options cater to various budgets, while transportation services include taxis, buses, and boat services on the Nile. Healthcare facilities, educational institutions, and shopping areas contribute to the city's infrastructure. Dining establishments offer diverse cuisines, and tourismrelated services support visitors in exploring local attractions. Banking, utilities, communication services, government offices, and cultural and recreational facilities contribute to the overall functionality and well-being of Aswan's population and guests

Fig 2.4 : Aswan specialized hospital (gah.gov.eg, 2023)

Fig 2.5 : Aswan hayah karima schools (gah.gov.eg, 2023)

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II. Site Analysis

2.1.6 Aswan Natural Environment Located in southern Egypt, Aswan is a beautiful natural environment created by the Nile River and extensive desert terrain The region has fertile soil due to annual floods, and the Desert backdrop for agriculture a beautiful softness in an otherwise arid landscape covers the city. The river itself is dotted with islands, some with ancient fragments like Elephantine Island, while others cater to tourism and agriculture, providing hills and arid expanses that juxtapose with green and blue surroundings the opposite is contradictory. Construction of the Aswan High Dam has resulted in the creation of Lake Nasser, a large artificial reservoir with spectacular scenery, offering opportunities for fishing, boating and exploration

Fig 2.6 : Aswan natural hills and mountains

Fig 2.7 : Aswan natural islands and trees

2.1.7 Climatic Analysis Aswan, Egypt has a subtropical desert climate. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Nile River and is subjected to the sun for the majority of the year. From May to September, maximum temperatures reach around 41.4 °C, demonstrating the region's typical high temperatures. Low temperatures, on the other hand, characterize the period from January to March, reaching 8.7°C as shown in fig1.(Atlas, n.d.).

Humidity levels vary throughout the year. Relative humidity reaches its highest from December to February, reaching up to 42%, before dropping significantly from June to August to 16% as shown in fig.2. Aswan has minimal precipitation, with only 1mm in August and 1mm in October. In May or October, a single day of rain can be expected (Atlas, n.d.).

The best time to visit is between November and February (4 months), when temperatures range from 8.7°C to 29.1°C.Aswan's harsh desert climate makes it less appealing for travelers between May and September. During this time,(Atlas, n.d.).

Fig 2.8 Average min. and max. temperatures chart (Atlas, n.d.).

Fig 2.9 Humidity chart (Atlas, n.d.).

The highest wind speed is observed in the north direction (By authors,2023).

It is observed that the comfort zone temperatures range between 27 ℃ and 30℃ (By authors,2023).

Fig 2.11 . Windrose (By authors,2023).

Fig 2.10 Psychrometric chart (By authors,2023).

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II. Site Analysis

2.2. Social analysis 2.2.1 Origins affinity block First: The indigenous population is the Nubians, The number of Nubians in Aswan is approximately 30%, and the Nubian dialect is the reason for calling them that name.

Second: The Arabs came with the Islamic conquest of Egypt and took up residence in Aswan. The number of Arabs is 50% Unlike the Nubians, and not because they are Bedouins, in some countries they call the Bedouins Arabs. Third: The rest of the population are displaced Egyptians who live in Aswan to earn a living

2.2.2 Language Saidi Arabic is the primary language spoken by the majority of people in Aswan, Egypt.

Nonetheless, in the far-Southern Upper Nile Valley, around Kom Ombo and Aswan, there are also roughly 300,000 speakers of Nubian languages, primarily Nobiin but also Kenuzi1.

Arabic is spoken as a second language and the Nubian languages are a subset of the Northern Eastern Sudanic languages.

2.2.3 Beliefs: religion Islam : Sunni Most modern residents of Aswan practice Sunni Islam (SIS) however Aswan has a rich history of Coptic Orthodox Christianity and aboriginal Egyptian religions with large complexity which can be reflected on from the architecture and artifacts present in the Nubian museum.

Fig. 2.12 Showing Nubian men (Dina ,2017)

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II. Site Analysis

2.2.4 Ethnology Modern day Nubians inherit a lot of genetics directly from their ancestors and are considered Nilo-Saharan , with a lot of shared racial and ethnical features with neighboring East-African having tanned brown skin, dark eyes and afros or wavy hair.

(Maisels ,1993)

Fig. 2.13 Showing Nubian man (Stefan ,2018)

Fig. 2.14 Showing Nubian man (Stefan ,2018)

Fig. 2.15 Showing Nubian women (Shad ,2020)

“Their faces exuded pure friendliness and generosity, making everyone feel welcomed ”.

2.2.5 Personality Traits The Nubian people are characterized by being so friendly and they are hospitable people. They also have a lot generosity and creativity. Nubian women are especially proud of their cultural heritage which is shown by their keenness of preserving crafts and traditional food recipes in addition to wearing their everyday traditional customs and making Nubian jewelries personal wear or selling them for the tourists.

2.2.6 Festivals and Activities The Miracle of the Sun festival that is held twice a year at Abu Simbel, celebrates two things: King Ramses II and the miracle of the sun. Folk dance festivals are group dance in which men participate in and women of all ages. Often, dances on the seasons and feasts of planting and harvest, and from months Nubian dances.

Fig. 2.16 Showing Nubian Woman (Yousef, n.d.)

Fig. 2.17 Showing different Nubian activities (Medina (2016)

24

II. Site Analysis

2.2.7 Healing Traditions Nubian Heritage remixes global healing traditions into modern wellness solutions .

Furthermore, Music plays a vital role in many aspects of life, including weddings, funerals, celebrations, rituals, healing ceremonies, storytelling sessions, and more. Moreover, Nubian people have strong beliefs in herbal medicine, by using various medicinal plants and they are proven to be effective in healing

2.3 Healing elements in Aswan

Fig. 2.18 Showing different Nubian activities (Medina (2016)

2.3.1 Aromatic and Therapeutical Plants in Aswan Kom Ombo temple contains scene drawings showing that Aswan was a home for environmental therapy since the beginning of times. According to Professor Nasser, M. in the ancient Egyptian Papyrus Ebers, ancient Egyptians recorded their knowledge of mental health, mood swings and the herbal therapy as well.

These teachings were reflected on the Nubian people who still live in Aswan today and believe in the herbal therapy (State Information Service in Egypt, 2016).

According to PTSD UK (n.d.), it’s been found that “people with post traumatic stress disorder often find that aromatherapy can help them to manage their symptoms”. As stated by Abdou, M. (2022), The Botanical Island in Aswan (Fig. 5.2.3.1.2) is a 17-acres island, entirely planted with 380 species of aromatic and medical plants. Some of which are Melaleuca leucadendra (Fig. 5.2.3.1.3) extracted oils which are beneficial in aromatherapy and reducing stress. (Wang C N., 2012) and Cymbopogon citratus plants which can be a beneficial Anxiolytic, stress relief, and mood enhancement catalysts. (Giselle A. et. al 2022).

Fig. 2.19 . Cymbopogon citratus plants in Aswan.

Retrieved from meridiantrading.com (n.d)

Fig. 2.20 . Botanical Island in Aswan.

Retrieved from google maps (2023), illustrated by authors (2023).

According to Aswan farmers, almost all types of aromatic plants are grown in Wadi Al-Naqra, some of which are the most effective aromatic plants that help in reducing stress and PTSD-induced insomnia like mint of all kinds, chamomile, and jasmine. (Larian, B. 2022).

Fig. 2.21 . Melaleuca leucadendra in Aswan.

Retrieved from 25 territorynativeplants.com (2023)

II. Site Analysis

2.3.2. Nubian environmental treatment According to the State Information Service in Egypt, Medical institutions have been intrigued by Aswan being an impressive medical resort for different illness treatments; However, Aswan remains quite unique with its own therapeutical methods using the surrounding environment and its very own land nature. (2016).

Watching the clear night sky and witnessing the sunrise and sunsets activity on the remote islands and deserts of Aswan has been one of the most unique forms of mindful meditation methods that get people to relax and unite with oneself. (figure 5.2.3.2.1) (retrieved from Connelly Cove, 2023) According to Morrin, A., Studies show that sand tray therapy is quite beneficial for PTSD patients as in enhances their emotional expression reducing the psychological distress that may come from discussing traumatic events or experiences. (2021). Therefore, Aswan’s therapeutical sandburying culture can help PTSD patients during their Afterhealing process.

Nubian-Beachcombing can be quite beneficial for PTSD patients as Nile River’s air is usually a clean air, charged by negative ions which enhance the levels of oxygen in the human body, increasing energy levels and being more alert of the surroundings. (PTSD UK, N.D) According to Wheeler, B. (N.D) beachcombing offers an “attention restoration” for PTSD patients (retrieved from PTSD UK, n.d.).

Fig. 2.22 . Night sky seen on a remote desert in Aswan. Retrieved from aswanluxortravel.com (2023), edited by authors (2023).

Fig. 2.23 . Salah, A. (2019) Sand burying in Aswan.

Fig. 2.24 . Tourist walking along the shore of the Nile River. Retrieved from quiteandgotravel.com (2023)

According to Christopher W., connecting with nature through birdwatching activities, is considered one of the best mesmerizing mindful meditations. (2021).

On Saluga Island, in Aswan, the captivating sight of the flouting African Skimmer birds over the graceful scenery of the Nile River can be captured through the sights and souls of the visitors of Nubia. (retrieved from Connelly Cove, 2023).

Fig. 2.25. Bird watching on Saluga Island. Retrieved from Connelly Cove, 2023)

26

II. Site Analysis

2.3.4 Meditation on sacred ancient sites and among nature Aswan is a home for a variety of sacred sites which have been believed to help in meditation as they join between culture, space and belief. These places are beyond technical and physical interventions, they have quietness and isolation characteristics as well as an ancient spiritual significance to them. (Med, J. 2015).

Its important to highlight the role of the nature in meditation as well, many therapeutical tours occur on the Nubian land near natural elements.

Fig. 2.26. Meditation in an ancient temple

Fig. 2.27. Meditator during meditation in Aswan (Yom Al Sabe’i, 2019)

Fig. 2.28. Meditation in Aswan (Yom Al Sabe’i, 2019)

2.4. Autonomy in Aswan The Nubian culture and architecture also possess autonomy. The vernacular characteristic has successfully rendered the houses and structures there self-governing, as they are both sustainable and environmentally friendly.

The architectural examination of Nubian architecture in Aswan reveals the presence of the subsequent autonomous attributes: •

The implementation of passive techniques in architectural design reduces the reliance on external power sources provided by the governorate. Additionally, these techniques ensure uniform distribution of light, thereby enhancing the building's self-sufficiency and minimizing power consumption.

•

The mud stones utilized in the construction are suitable for the prevailing weather conditions, as their high thermal mass reduces the energy consumption required for air conditioning.

•

The houses in that area possess a distinctive architectural style, adorned with one-of-a-kind patterns and colors, giving each building a remarkable significance and a distinct identity.

Fig. 2.29 Distribution of light inside a space (Aramco World., 2006).

Fig. 2.30 Use of mud-stones in construction (Aramco World., 2006).

Fig. 2.31Colors & Geometric patterns on the façade (Aramco World., 2006).

27

II. Site Analysis

2.5 General Map

Fig. 2.32 general map, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

28

II. Site Analysis

2.6 Urban Analysis 2.6.1 Visual Analysis

B

A

Fig2.33 visual analysis map 1 ( by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.34 View A ( by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.35 View B ( by author, 2023).

29

II. Site Analysis

Fig2.36 visual analysis map ( by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.37 View C ( by author, 2023).

Fig. 2.38 View D ( by author, 2023).

30

II. Site Analysis

2.6.3 Accessibility the Site located on "Jaziert Awaad" is only accessible through small Egyptian boats known as "Felucca" from nearby boat harbours . The island has a single road that extends from its ends horizontally that services the existing building as seen in fig. 5.48

Boat deck

Boat deck

Boat deck

Fig 2.39 accessibility to the site from the nearby shores (Illustrated by Authors ,2023)

KEY Boat deck Accessibility Roads Felucca

Fig 2.40 showing Nubian boats used to visit the islands 31

II. Site Analysis

2.6.4 Solid & Void This map shows the chosen site’s Solid and Void analysis. It is found that about 80% of the Awaad island land is empty, while about 20% of the land is occupied with evacuated structures. (Authors, 2023).

Fig 2.41 land use map, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

20% The percentage of the void is higher than the percentage of the solid on site , most of areas surrounding the site are empty lands.

80% Fig. 2.42 . Solid & void Analysis (author, 2023).

32

II. Site Analysis

2.6.5 Building Use This map shows the chosen site’s land use analysis. It is found that about 90% of the buildings surrounding the site are residential. (Authors, 2023).

Fig. 2.43 land use map, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

Building use in Aswan, the highest percentage near the site are residential buildings with 90%, then second most present building type is museums such as Temple of Trajan's Kiosk with 5% (authors, 2023).

3%1%1% 5%

5% Educational

Residential

Museums

Religious Buildings

Governmental

Commercia l

90% Fig. 2.44. Land use Analysis (author, 2023).

33

II. Site Analysis

Fig 2.45 show the great mosque illustrated by (Authors, 2023)

Fig 2.46 show the Temple of Nakhtenbo illustrated by (Authors, 2023)

Figure 2.47 show the Temple of Trajan's Kiosk illustrated by (Authors, 2023)

Figure 2.48 show the General Administration For Water Resources & Irrigation illustrated by (Authors, 2023)

Figure 2.49 show the Magdy El Shaheed entire junior high illustrated by (Authors, 2023)

Figure 2.50 show the Electric utility company illustrated by (Authors, 2023)

34

II. Site Analysis

2.6.6 Building Condition This map shows the chosen site’s building conditions analysis. It is found that most of the buildings surrounding the site are poor in condition.

Fig. 2.51 Building conditions, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

While most buildings on the island are considered to be in a poor state the surrounding buildings are considered in average condition with 45% and good with 20%

45%

35% 2%

Average

Good poor

20% Fig 2.52 building condition analysis chart ( by author, 2023).

35

II. Site Analysis

2.6.7 Building Heights Building heights in Aswan city are classified into 3 main categories. One storey buildings of 3 to 4 meter in height, two stories buildings of 6 to 8 meter in height and 14 to 15 meter high. The majority of buildings are of height ranging from 3 to 4 meter. (authors, 2023).

Fig. 2.53 Aswan building heights map, data source Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

One floor buildings are mostly residential traditional Nubian buildings. They are not condensed in certain regions; The percentage of buildings of 2 floor is less, 2%, and represented mainly in public services and some residential dwellings. The percentage of buildings of 10- to 15-meterhigh structures lie in two water tank tower on the far south-eastern part of the island.

(Authors, 2023).

88 %

10%

1 floors 3-4 meters

2%

2 floors 6-8 meters 10–15-meters height

Fig 2.54 building condition analysis chart ( by author, 2023).

36

II. Site Analysis

Figure 2.55 show two storey religious building of 7-meter height .(author,2023 )

Figure 2.57 show One storey educational building of 3meter height .(author,2023 )

Figure 2.56 show two storey Temple of 7-meter height .(author,2023 )

Figure 2.58 show One storey governmental building of 3-meter height .(author,2023 )

Figure 2.59 show One storey Residential buildings of 3- or 4-meter height .(author,2023 )

37

II. Site Analysis

2.6.8 Topography

B X

Y A

Fig 2.60 : Site Elevation Profile From A to B ( by Author)

Fig 2.61 : Site Elevation Profile From A to B ( by Author)

Fig 2.62 : Site Elevation Profile From X to Y ( by Author)

The highest point is elevated 128 m above sea level and the lowest is 113 m above sea level. The average level height is 123 m above sea level

38

II. Site Analysis

2.6.9 Urban Fabric 5.5.9.1 Compact Organic fabric A general outlook would tell us that the fabric wasn’t planned for and that created by the locals towards their needs. This region is very dense as seen in the fig. . This organic fabric that can be seen in Aswan dates back more than the planned ones.

Fig 2.63 compact organic fabric illustrated by authors 2023

5.5.9.2 Very loose Organic fabric Located near the site on the same island El Gezeera Awwad is the remains of the previous houses and structures that were abandoned.

Fig 2.64 very loose organic fabric illustrated by authors 2023

5.5.9.3 Compact linear grid fabric As shown in the figure this fabric is more plans and mimics the iron grid in a way. This layout is less dense than the older fabrics but still reasonably compact.

Fig 2,65 compact linear fabric illustrated by authors 2023

5.5.9.4 Loose linear grid fabric On the out skirts of the newly planned and built fabric the pattern seems to be less developed and looser with more open spaces.

Fig 2.66 compact linear fabric illustrated by authors 2023

39

II. Site Analysis

2.6.10 Vegetation

Fig 2.67 Vegetation map (Author, 2023)

The region is mostly desert land and mountains covering 90%, while the percentage of vegetation around the location is quite low covering only 10%.

Greenery surrounds the islands and the Nile's shore (By Authors,2023).

Legend 10% Greenery Greenery Deserted

90%

Fig 2.68 Vegetation ratio graph (Authors, 2023)

40

II. Site Analysis

2.6.10 Surroundings

Nubian Village

The Roman Theatre

Aswan Dam

The Nile Museum

Fekra Cultural Centre

Hisa Island

Philae Temple

Fig 2.69 : surrounding map (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

41

II. Site Analysis

2.6.11 Sensory features

Fig. 2.70 Sensory features map, data source (Google Earth, illustrated by author, 2023).

Positive views: Most of the views are entirely overlooking the Nile, with the dominant view overlooking the Philae Temple. The rest of the scenery is that of natural Rock formations in the Nile, and the eastern and southern views overlooking the cultural, colorful Felucca and boat rides. (authors, 2023).

Negative views: The high wall of the reservoir looks a bit out of context, breaking the rhythm of the natural elements surrounding the site.

Noise: The noise is only coming from the boats harbor on the south-eastern zone of the site.

42

II. Site Analysis

2.6.12 Climatic Analysis

Legend Conceptual mass Site boundaries

Site context

Fig 2.71 . 3D Sun path diagram (By authors).

Fig 2.72 D Sun path diagram (By authors).

Sun path diagram helps in identifying the dry bulb temperature at different zones, sun position and sun altitude which will benefit in designing an energy saving building, by knowing the intensity of daylight through the space and design accordingly to make the best use of it (By Authors,2023).

Legend Site boundaries Site context

Fig 2.73 . Sun radiation analysis on conceptual mass placed in site (By authors,2023).

Incident radiation plot shows the amount of sun radiation on the building’s different surfaces. From the conceptual mass placed on site it is observed that the highest surface subjected to sun radiation is the roof then the south and west facades. And the least subjected surface to radiation is the north façade (By Authors,2023).

Fig2.74 2D Hourly Plot (By authors,2023).

Fig 2.75 3D Hourly Plot (By authors,2023).

The hourly plot shows the time of the day and the time of the year with the greatest human comfort for the site location (By authors,2023).

43

II. Site Analysis

2.6.13. SWOT Site

To Airport Fig. 2.76. S.W.O.T. analysis presented on map of site 3, illustrated by authors (2023)

Strength Accessibility

Close to Airport away)

(13 minutes

Air comfort Nile river provide clean Air

Surroundings Near a thermal unit (2 minutes by boat)

Audibility Near 2 police stations, one of which is 4 minutes away.

Opportunity Accessibility

Fast and easy accessibility for airplane users due to nearby location from airport

Nature

Human comfort of patients is achieved through environmental aspects.

Nature Nile river Air enhances the level of oxygen which increases energy levels and alertness to the surroundings offering “attentions restoration” for PTSD patients

Surroundings Existence of medical support near the site.

44

II. Site Analysis

Weakness

Threats

Audibility

Accessibility

Near boat harbor and loading deck area

Accessibility Far away from the train station (47 minutes away) and accessible only with boat through nile

Having one mean of transportation (airplane) easier than the other.

Audibility Near boat harbor

5.4.1 Criteria Grading Site 3

Category

Site 1 Airport

13 minutes from Aswan airport

Train Stations

25 minutes from Aswan rail way station

Roads

Use ferry (Falouka) to main road (Luxor and Aswan road)

Accessibility

Nature

Water

Abundance in water view Nile location

Mountain

The site is surrounded by rock formations in the Nile that do not block the view

Vegetation

Low vegetation surrounding the site

45

II. Site Analysis

Visual Comfort View

Panoramic Nile view

Landmark

Phila Temple (8 minutes) Boat

Nile museum ( 2 minutes) Air Comfort

The Nile river air is clear which enhances the level of oxygen in human body which increases energy levels and alertness to the surroundings offering “attentions restoration” for PTSD patients The only source of noise is the boat harbor on the southeastern zone of the site

Audibility

Surrounding Facilities

Al Khazan West Health Unit (2 minutes boat)

Safety

Aswan police station (4 minutes) Fig. 2.78 S.W.O.T. analysis of site 3, by authors (2023)

Nature

Accessibility

Air quality

Visual comfort

Surrounding Facilities

Audibility

46

II. Site Analysis

2.7 Urban Investigation The island is divided into several zones, each designated for specific activities that leverage the natural topography and resources. Their area areas for residential use, gathering spots (souq), agricultural activities, and recreational opportunities. This zoning plan aims to create a harmonious environment that promotes well-being and recovery for PTSD patients.

Fig. 2.79 Urban investigation map, by authors (2023)

47

II. Site Analysis

Residential Area •Location: Centrally located within the island.

•Description: This area is designated for residential purposes, providing housing for patients and staff. The central placement ensures easy access to other zones and activities.

Gathering Spot •Location: Adjacent to the residential area.

•Description: A central gathering spot is proposed to foster community interaction and social activities. This space is crucial for group therapy sessions, social events, and communal activities, promoting social support and a sense of community among residents Mountain Activities

• Location : northern part of island • Description: The high topography and rugged terrain make this area ideal for mountain activities such as hiking.

Engaging in such physical activities can help in the physical and mental rehabilitation of patients, offering both exercise and therapeutic benefits from nature.

Agriculture Source • Location : southern part of island • Description :The sandy topography is suitable for farming. This zone can be used to grow plants with therapeutic properties, such as aromatic herbs and medicinal plants, contributing to both the diet and holistic healing processes of patients.

Fig. 2.80 urban zones analysis , by authors (2024)

The strategic Location of residential areas, communal gathering spots, recreational zones, agricultural sources, and scenic viewpoints creates a comprehensive and supportive environment. These elements are essential for fostering recovery, well-being, and holistic health among patients. This zoning plan will be integrated into the overall design and development of the project , ensuring that the natural advantages of the island are fully leveraged to support therapeutic outcomes.

48

Project

III. Project Design

3.1. Program

Space

Count

Area

Administration Reception

1

50m²

Employee Offices

5

145m²

Manager office

1

27m²

Meeting Room

1

43m²

Server Room

1

20 m²

Total

285m²

Awareness center MPU

1

160 m²

Meeting Room

6

190 m²

Conference room

1

70 m²

Reception

1

50 m²

Lounge

1

115 m²

VIP Lounge

1

50 m²

Total

635m²

Residential Single Room

12

240 m²

Double Room

8

160 m²

Staff Room

6

120 m²

Living Area

6

210 m²

Mini Cinema

1

45 m²

Integrated Kitchen

1

32 m²

Workspace

1

45 m²

Total

855 m²

Central area Rest room

2

140 m²

Sleep pods

1

55 m²

Main lounge

1

350 m²

Indoor garden

1

125 m²

Total

670 m²

III. Project Design

Treatment Induvial therapy

9

160 m²

Group therapy

8

320 m²

Sensory room

1

47m²

reception

-

60m²

lounge

-

140m²

Med.Staff Room

3

80m²

Med.Staff lounge

2

40m²

Total

850m² Recreational area

Spa

-

130m²

GYM

1

285m²

Sauna

1

130 m²

Restaurant

1

500 m²

Library

1

335 m²

Total

1380m² Outdoor area Mediational plaza Stargazing plaza Outdoor yoga Community plaza Main plaza Traditional folklore plaza Service area

Service room

8

246 m²

Service drop off

1

27 m²

Total

~ 275 m²

Net req. Area

5000 m²

Total build. Up area Area

6, 800m²

28% service Build. Up percentage

Table 1 Project program , by authors (2024)

25%

Total build.up Area : 6800 m² Total Area

28,000 m²

III. Project Design

3.2. Case Study 1 Architect: student Magdalena Baraniak Built up area: 5979 m2

Date: 2020 Location: Poland, Poznań.

Fig. 3.1. showing plan (Baraniak, 2020) edited by authors (2023).

All the patients rooms has access to nature and natural sunlight. This provides feeling of calmness and encourage socializing as they could use it for meditation or preforming horticulture therapy, Moreover the use of large, and low positioned windows in the rooms

Fig. 3.2. interior shot (Baraniak, 2020) edited by authors (2023).

Fig. 3.3. interior court (Baraniak, 2020) edited by authors (2023).

conclusion, the architectural concept is focused on creating green connectors to aid social interaction, serving as a warm and inviting core. Moreover, nature played an important role in both the external and internal design, with green courtyards and terraces seamlessly blending the landscape into the building. This integration not only offered natural light in the building but also promoted sustainability and actively contributed to the healing process

52

III. Project Design

3.3. Case Study 2 Architect: Shanmugam Associates Site area: 7500 m2 Year: 2022

Location: Rajkot, India Fig. 3.112. Raga Svara Wellness Center, Retrieved from Archdaily, 2022 (illustrated by authors, 2024)

The general ambience of the project is the tranquility. It was achieved through:

1.

The transparency of the buildings and their exposure to the nature surrounding them. (archiScene, 2023)

2.

The use of colors that create a serene environment: Plaster on exposed concrete, Glass, Wooden floors and blue colored furniture. (archiScene, 2023) Fig. 3.4. open spaces exposed more to nature. retrieved from archdaily 2022 (illustrated by authors, 2024)

According to Joseph, et. al. (2021) , PTSD patients prefer multiple large, windows that offer glimpses of the natural environment as they increase their awareness of their surroundings. This has been applied in this project in all the rooms and the enclosed spaces: hence, having large glass windows installed in all buildings. (Fig.3.133.) As shown in figure 3.134, there’s a lush of landscaping elements immersing some of the project’s open areas and they’re not planted in a gradual way so users’ senses could comprehend them.

Fig. 3.5 . Indoor restaurant having complete view of the nature outside retrieved from Travel and Leisure 2023 (illustrated by authors, 2024)

Fig. 3.6 . Open space immersed with landscape, retrieved from Travel and Leisure 2023 (illustrated by authors, 2024)

53

IV. Proposed Locations

Concept 1

Fig. 3.7 AI generated image created by authors (2024).

A rehabilitation centre that embraces the concept of wellness and health in the ancient Egyptian culture by enforcing the Trinity of the three pillars of well-being: Mind, Body, and Soul and merged it with nature by blending it into the contour lines. It represents the fundamental order and balance of the universe, encompassing concepts such as truth, justice, morality, and cosmic harmony. The ancient Egyptians believed that maintaining Maat was crucial for the well-being of both the individual and society

54

III. Project Design

3.4. Concept 1

Fig. 3.8 . Concept 1 poster created by authors (2024).

55

IV. Proposed Locations

Concept 2

Fig. 3.9 AI generated image created by authors (2024).

A rehabilitation centre that aspires to healing through getting back to nature; by applying the concept of biomimicry and ecological cycles as in: Plants, Rocks , Nile..

56

III. Project Design

3.5 Concept 2

Fig. 3.10 . Concept 2 poster created by authors (2024).

57

IV. Proposed Locations

Concept 3

Fig. 3.11 AI generated image created by authors (2024).

This concept integrates enclosed, calming spaces with open, gradually exposed areas to support individuals with PTSD. The design balances containment, gradual exposure, and personalized therapy, creating an environment that aids in the journey to recovery. The space is divided into distinct zones, each serving a specific purpose. Inward areas are designed to be private, enclosed, and calming, providing a sense of security and containment and in the same time the space is exposed to outside to give the PTSD patients the sense of endless and see the horizon. The buildings are intersecting with each other to provide easy linking between zoning.

58

III. Project Design

3.6 Concept 3

Fig. 3.12 . Concept 2 poster created by authors (2024).

59

Fig. 3.13 . AI generated image created by authors (2024).

Selected Concept A wellness-focused rehabilitation center that promotes holistic health and spiritual growth, by embracing the multidimensional process of healing that takes place in layers , just like the rocky sediments of the context it grows within ,blending with its surrounding environment connecting fragments into a whole

60 Care Center for Forgotten Frontliners Suffering from PTSD

Fig. 3.12 . AI generated image created by authors (2024).

III. Project Design

3.7. Selected Concept

The concept emphasizes holistic health and spiritual growth, inspired by the layered process of healing mirrored in the region's rocky sediments. This design integrates seamlessly with the natural environment through sustainable practices and materials that blend with the landscape. It promotes a multidimensional healing approach by connecting fragmented spaces into a unified whole, supporting physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual recovery. The center features adaptable therapeutic environments, communal areas for support and interaction, and spaces for family involvement, creating a nurturing and patient-centered atmosphere conducive to comprehensive healing.

Fig. 3.13 . Conceptual sketches created by authors (2024).

61

Design development

III. Project Design

3.8 Initial Sketches

Fig. 3.14 . Plan sketches created by authors (2024).

63

III. Project Design

3.9 Jury II

Fig. 3.15 . Jury 2 panels created by authors (2024).

64

III. Project Design

3.10 Jury III

Fig. 3.16 . Jury 3 panels created by authors (2024).

65

III. Project Design

3.11 Jury IV

Fig. 3.18 . Jury 4 panels created by authors (2024).

66

III. Project Design

3.12 Final Jury

Fig. 3.19 . Final Jury panels created by authors (2024).

67

III. Project Design

Fig. 3.20 . Master Plan created by authors (2024).

68

III. Project Design

Fig. 3.21 . Layout created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.23 . Level +6 Plan created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.22 . Level +10 Plan created by authors (2024).

69

Fig. 3.25 Main Elevation created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.24.Section A-A created by authors (2024).

III. Project Design

70

Fig. 3.27 Side Elevation created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.26.Section B-B created by authors (2024).

III. Project Design

71

III. Project Design

Fig. 3.28 . Therapeutic plazas created by authors (2024).

72

III. Project Design

Fig. 3.29 . Landscape Section 1 created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.30 . Landscape Section 2 created by authors (2024).

73

III. Project Design

Fig. 3.32 . Shading device diagram created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.31 . Wall section created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.33 . Air flow system created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.34 . Building annual consumption created by authors (2024).

74

III. Project Design

Fig. 3.35 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.36 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.37 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

75

III. Project Design

Fig. 3.38 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.39 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

76

III. Project Design

Fig. 3.40 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.41 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

Fig. 3.42 3D Shot created by authors (2024).

77

Construction details

IV. Construction Details

4.1 Post-Tension System Post-tension (PT) systems are a sophisticated form of prestressed concrete engineering that utilizes high-strength steel tendons to induce compression in concrete structures.

This pre-stressing enhances the concrete's performance by counteracting tensile forces, thus improving load-bearing capacity, reducing deflection, and minimizing cracking.

The functional principle of post-tension slabs involves the strategic application of tensile forces to steel tendons after the concrete has achieved adequate compressive strength. The process entails laying tendons within ducts in the formwork, pouring and curing the concrete, and then tensioning the tendons using hydraulic jacks. This introduces a compressive force in the concrete, which enhances its structural capacity by offsetting tensile stresses encountered in service.

Anchors Anchors are critical in securing the tendons at both ends of the concrete member.

There are various anchor types, including fixed (passive) anchors at one end and stressing (active) anchors at the other

Ducts Ducts serve as conduits for the tendons and protect them from the alkaline environment of the concrete. Ducts can be fabricated from steel or corrugated plastic

Tendors Tendons are composed of high-strength steel cables, usually consisting of multiple wire strandsThey are the primary load-carrying components, transmitting the prestressing force to the concrete. The cross-sectional area and tensile strength of tendons are specified based on the anticipated load requirements.

Fig. 4.1 PS components diagram created by authors (2024).

Fig. 4.2 photos for P.S Components by (“Post-Tension Slabs: Analysis, Design & Construction,” n.d.)

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IV. Construction Details

1. Formwork Installation

2. Placement of Bottom Reinforceme nt

3. Duct Installation

4. MEP Installations

5. Concrete Pouring

6. Stressing of Tendons

7. Grouting

Fig. 4.3 PS constriction stages created by authors (2024).

1. Formwork installation : Formwork must be securely constructed and precisely aligned to provide the correct shape and support for the concrete.

2. Placement of Bottom Reinforcement : Reinforcement bars are placed at the bottom of the slab to handle initial load conditions and provide support during concrete pouring.

3. Duct Installation :Ducts are positioned according to the tendon layout design, ensuring correct placement for effective stress distribution.

4. MEP Installations : Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing installations are integrated as per design requirements, ensuring compatibility with the PT system.

5. Concrete Pouring : Concrete is poured into the formwork and allowed to cure, reaching the necessary compressive strength before tendon stressing 6. Stressing of Tendons Hydraulic jacks are employed to tension the tendons. This process introduces the prestress force into the concrete.

7. Grouting : After stressing, the ducts are grouted to protect tendons from corrosion and to ensure bond transfer between the tendons and concrete

Advantages

Disadvantages

Structural Efficiency: PT slabs provide greater span lengths with fewer supports, reducing deflections and increasing load-carrying capacity

Specialized Construction Requirements: Requires skilled labour and precision in installation and stressing to ensure structural performance.

Material Savings: The method allows for thinner slabs, reducing the amount of concrete and reinforcement needed.

Quality Control: Strict adherence to quality control measures is essential to prevent defects that could compromise structural integrity.

Enhanced Durability: The introduction of compressive forces mitigates the development of tensile cracks, prolonging the lifespan of the structure.

Design Flexibility: Greater architectural freedom is achieved due to the ability to create longer, uninterrupted spans.

Table 2 , PT advantaged and disadvantages , by authors (2024)

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IV. Construction Details

The post-tension system represents a significant advancement in concrete engineering, providing substantial benefits in terms of structural capacity, material efficiency, and design flexibility. This helps to maximize the the spans without increase slabs thickness and reduce up to 20% of concrete mix to minimize environmental impact.

The spaces in the project are divided into two systems post tension and flat slab . The only use of flat slab is in residential block due to small needed spans and the compact of the mass. PT system is use in the central block and all other block due to long spans need.

Fig. 4.4 Structure Exploded diagram created by authors (2024).

P.T

Flat Slab

Fig. 4.5 Structure Type diagram created by authors (2024).

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IV. Construction Details

Fig. 4.6 Structural plan created by authors (2024).

Fig. 4.7 Anchor Detail created by (2024).

Fig. 4.8 Expansion detail inside P.S slabs created by (2024).

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IV. Construction Details

4.2 Retaining Wall System Redi-Rock retaining wall systems offer a variety of block types, each designed to serve specific functions and aesthetic purposes. These blocks can be integrated with utilities to create a seamless and functional landscape for the rehabilitation care center in Aswan

PC Block S4 Freestanding block S3

Shoreline block S1 Stairs S2

Fig. 4.9 shots show up the types of blocks created by authors (2024).

Redi-Rock retaining wall systems offer a comprehensive suite of block types, each tailored to specific landscape and structural needs, ensuring both functionality and aesthetic appeal. The Gravity Blocks rely on their mass to provide robust earth retention, making them ideal for tall walls along sloped terrains and the Nile shoreline, ensuring stability and erosion control. Freestanding Blocks are perfect for creating standalone structures like decorative barriers and seating areas, enhancing the visual and functional landscape within the care center. Positive Connection (PC) Blocks incorporate geogrid reinforcement, providing extra strength for high-load-bearing walls on steep slopes or high-traffic zones. Textured blocks, such as Limestone and Cobblestone, mimic natural stone, offering a visually pleasing solution for blending with Aswan's natural beauty. Planter Blocks integrate greenery into walls, fostering a therapeutic environment. These blocks support utilities such as lighting for safety, irrigation systems for green spaces, drainage solutions to prevent erosion, and electrical conduits for powering essential infrastructure, all contributing to a sustainable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing landscape.

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IV. Construction Details

4.1.1 Nile shoreline Block S1

Fig. 4.10 Nile Shoreline Block created by (Redi-Rock - Integrated Wall Solutions, n.d.-b)

4.1.2 Stairs S2

Fig. 4.11 Landscape Stairs detail created by (Redi-Rock - Integrated Wall Solutions, n.d.-b)

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IV. Construction Details

4.1.3 Freestanding Block

Fig. 4.12 Free standing Block created by (Redi-Rock - Integrated Wall Solutions, n.d.-b)

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IV. Construction Details

4.1.4 PC Block S4

Arc

Eventide TSR- conventional Colour Dayspring

TSR- Cool Shades Collection

Twilight 0

20

40

60

Total Solar Reflectance (TSR%)

Fig. 4.13 positive connection Block created by (Redi-Rock - Integrated Wall Solutions, n.d.-b) .

Moreover, while initial costs for eco-friendly paints may be slightly higher, the Cool Shades Collection offers long-term cost savings. Its durability and energy-efficient properties contribute to reduced energy bills and maintenance costs over time, making it a cost-effective choice for environmentally conscious consumers and businesses

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IV. Construction Details

87

Technical details

Fig. 5.1 Section show up technical systems created by authors (2024).

V. Technical Details

5.1 Natural Daylight The daylight analysis undertaken for our healthcare project in Aswan has met the rigorous standards set forth by the ASE , SDa levels, thereby ensuring optimal lighting conditions for all occupants and activities within the facility. This analysis was an essential element of our design process, with a particular focus on the treatment and residential areas, which are paramount for patient care and comfort. the methodology for daylighting encompassed the strategic placement and proportioning of glazing to maximize natural light infiltration while mitigating the adverse effects of Aswan's climate. Given Aswan's notoriety for intense sunlight and elevated temperatures, our approach necessitated innovative solutions to circumvent issues such as overheating and glare.

The analysis indicated that by meticulously selecting the appropriate glazing ratio and glass types, we were able to significantly augment daylight penetration without compromising thermal comfort. The deployment of high-performance glazing systems, including those with low-emissivity coatings and solar control films, was instrumental in striking this balance.

Our findings substantiate that all treatment and residential spaces have successfully passed the daylight analysis, evidencing adequate illumination levels that foster a conducive healing environment and diminish the dependency on artificial lighting. This not only contributes to energy conservation but also supports the well-being of patients and staff by facilitating a connection to the outdoors and natural circadian rhythms.

Fig. 5.2 fish eye view for main entrance of residential block show up the distribution of light inside the space created by authors (2024).

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V. Technical Details

Fig. 5.3 Analytical plans for daylight analysis created by authors (2024).

Furthermore, the analysis corroborated that our design effectively shields the interior spaces from excessive sunlight exposure, thereby precluding undue heat gain and sustaining a comfortable indoor temperature. This was accomplished through the incorporation of shading devices, overhangs, and the judicious orientation of the building, which are imperative in a climate such as Aswan’s.

In summary, the daylight analysis has confirmed that our healthcare project in Aswan has achieved a harmonious equilibrium between daylighting and thermal comfort. The outcomes are in alignment with the ASE SDa standards and underscore our dedication to crafting a sustainable, healthy, and comfortable environment for all occupants.

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V. Technical Details

In areas of our healthcare project in Aswan that do not meet the daylight requirement levels, we have incorporated the use of daylight tubes as an innovative solution to enhance natural light penetration. Daylight tubes, also known as tubular daylighting devices (TDDs) or solar tubes, are highly effective in channelling natural light from the roof into interior spaces that are otherwise deprived of adequate daylight.

Fig. 5.3 daylight tube location inside the building created by authors (2024).

This device is used in administration area corridors due to lack of daylight inside this space according to his location . To overcome this issue lead to use daylight tube to provide clean and sustainable daylight without any use of electricity. The sun radiation in Aswan is extremely high this ensure that the daylight tube will receive radiation along years days. Also enhance the paints to be more reflective and bright helps to reflect lights inside the space and use curtain walls inside the space help to provide lighting to the space naturally.

To sum up , Daylight tubes can significantly enhance the penetration of natural light into interior spaces that are otherwise deprived of adequate daylight. By increasing natural light levels in these areas, daylight tubes reduce the reliance on artificial lighting, leading to substantial energy savings. This aligns with our commitment to sustainable design and energy conservation.

Fig. 5.18. Bird watching on Saluga Island. Retrieved from Connelly Cove, 2023)

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V. Technical Details

5.2 HVAC System The LG Multi V Water IV VRF air conditioning system is an innovative and highly efficient solution tailored for the project. Utilizing geothermal energy from the Nile River’s overflow water tanks, the system offers substantial energy savings and environmental benefits. Key components such as the inverter compressor, advanced heat exchanger, and variable water flow control valve contribute to its superior performance and reliability.

The proposed location of unites are located in +14m level to secure a safe distance from treatment and spaces that required silence and clam. The top of the chiller room is a green roof to provide smooth blending with nature with good sound observation. The geothermal water system is suppled from over flow water system that collected from the Nile.

Following an in-depth analysis of the project's specific HVAC requirements, it has been estimated that the LG Multi V Water IV system will reduce energy consumption by approximately 40%. This significant reduction aligns with the system's design specifications and performance metrics. The detailed HVAC size analysis and technical specifications are thoroughly documented in the table section of this report or through QR code .

By integrating the LG Multi V Water IV VRF system into the rehabilitation care center, the project not only enhances comfort for PTSD patients but also demonstrates a strong commitment to sustainable and energy-efficient building practices.

Fig. 5.4 HVAC system location and Components created by authors (2024).

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V. Technical Details

Fig. 5.5 LG Multi V Water IV system unit by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

Technical Specifications Component

Specification

Compressor

Hermetically sealed scroll, Inverter-driven

Capacity

8 HP to 80 HP (22.4 kW to 224 kW)

Motor Output

4.2 kW to 5.3 kW

Starting Method

Direct On Line

Oil Type

FVC68D (PVE)

Heat Exchanger

Stainless Steel Plate, Max Pressure 45 kgf/cm²

Head Loss

10.7 kPa to 30.1 kPa

Rated Water Flow

77 LPM to 192 LPM

Longest Piping Length

Up to 300 meters

Height Difference

50 meters (ODU to IDU)

Water Connecting Pipes

Inlet/Outlet: PT40 (1-1/2, Internal)

Cooling Capacity

22.4 kW to 56 kW per unit

Heating Capacity

25.2 kW to 63 kW per unit

Input Power (Cooling)

3.86 kW to 11.20 kW

Input Power (Heating)

4.20 kW to 11.67 kW

Dimensions

755 mm x 997 mm x 500 mm per unit

Weight

127 kg to 140 kg per unit

table 3 LG Multi V Water IV system specification , by authors (2024)

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V. Technical Details

LG AHU has benefits of both chiller system’s AHU and VRF system. Chiller system’s AHU offer temperature & humidity modulation, ventilation through outdoor air intake, air cleanliness through various filter application, and proper air flow for occupants comfort.

VRF system offers high energy efficiency at partial load using inverter compressor control, energy cost saving, individual control of indoor units, and integrated control of total VRF system.

LG AHU have EEV(electronic expansion valve) Kit for refrigerant control. For AHU control, Communication Kit and Control Kit is applicable. Communication Kit is simple type controller similar to indoor unit PCB. Control Kit can be connected with various sensors and actuators for more detail control(CO₂ damper control, fan inverter control, enthalpy damper control, supplementary electric heater control and so on).

Fig. 5.6 chiller system integration with VRF diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC |

Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

The LG VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) central control system provides comprehensive management for various components of an LG air conditioning system, including outdoor units, indoor units, and Direct Expansion Air Handling Units (DX-AHU). This system incorporates three primary controllers: AC Smart, ACP, and AC Manager. These controllers facilitate centralized control and monitoring, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of HVAC management.

Fig. 5.7 Full HVAC System component diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

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V. Technical Details

The Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) system is an advanced solution designed to enhance indoor air quality while maximizing energy efficiency. This system effectively recovers energy from exhausted indoor air and transfers it to the incoming fresh air, ensuring minimal energy loss and maintaining a comfortable indoor environment. The LG ERV is capable of interlocking with air conditioning systems and can be controlled individually, allowing for seamless integration and enhanced functionality.

Fig. 5.8 Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) system diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

A key feature of the LG ERV system is its high-efficiency heat exchanger, which ensures that the indoor air remains at a comfortable temperature of 22°C even when the outdoor temperature drops to -5°C. This is achieved by recovering up to 24% of the energy that would otherwise be lost through natural ventilation. The system includes a compulsory exhausting system that uses high static and sirocco fans to remove indoor contaminants, ensuring that the supply and exhaust air flows are completely separated and filtered for maximum air quality.

The CO2 Auto Operation function adjusts the fan speed based on CO2 levels, optimizing energy use according to occupancy and air quality. The system’s Delay Operation feature reduces unnecessary heating and cooling energy loss by automatically slowing down the ERV operation when the air conditioner is turned on simultaneously. the Seasonal Auto Operation function adjusts the ERV system based on outdoor temperature, ensuring optimal performance under varying weather conditions. This function, along with Night Time Free Cooling, can be controlled via a remote controller

Fig. 5.9 Auto Operation function diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC |

Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

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V. Technical Details

The LG Ceiling Mounted Cassette series of smart indoor units showcases advanced climate control technology designed to maximize comfort and efficiency in various settings. Available in 4 Way, 2 Way, and 1 Way cassette models, The 4 Way cassettes come equipped with a Human Detection Sensor that optimizes energy usage by adjusting the operation based on the presence of people in the room, ensuring significant energy savings. Additionally, an optional Humidity Sensor can be integrated (accessory PT-MCHW0) to provide comfortable and power-saving control by adjusting operations based on humidity levels

Fig. 5.10 Human Detection Sensor diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

The advanced control options of the LG Ceiling Mounted Cassette series include independent vane operation, which allows users to control the direction of airflow for personalized comfort, and occupancy-based control, where the human detection sensor adjusts airflow direction and temperature based on the activity level and presence of people every 10 seconds. the Human Detect Sensor and Humidity Sensor operate effectively at heights of up to 3.5 meters, covering areas up to 16 x 10 meters. These sensors contribute to energy savings by adjusting the target temperature based on occupancy detection, with adjustable time intervals ranging from 5 to 60 minutes. The auto-cleaning feature, present in the 2 Way cassette model, ensures that the interior of the unit remains clean, while the humidity sensor aids in maintaining optimal humidity levels, requiring remote controller models PREMTB100 or PREMTBB10 for functionality.

Fig. 5.11 Human Detection Sensor energy saving diagram by (VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt, n.d.)

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V. Technical Details

5.3 Paints Systems The Cool Shades Collection by Joten Paints offers exceptional performance while significantly reducing environmental impact. These paints provide excellent coverage, durability, and color retention, meeting the high standards expected in both interior and exterior applications. A standout feature of the Cool Shades Collection is its advanced heat-reflective technology, which helps to lower indoor temperatures during hot weather. This is achieved through high Total Solar Reflectance (TSR) levels. TSR measures the paint's ability to reflect solar energy, including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation. Higher TSR levels mean less solar heat is absorbed by the building's surfaces, leading to cooler indoor temperatures.

Arc

Eventide TSR- conventional Colour Dayspring

TSR- Cool Shades Collection

Twilight 0

20

40

60

Total Solar Reflectance (TSR%) Fig. 5.12 Colors TSR% level created by author (2024)

This innovation is particularly advantageous for the project, where environmental conditions is challenging. By incorporating the Cool Shades Collection into the design of the building, not only can energy costs be reduced through improved thermal regulation, but the overall environmental impact can be minimized. The low-VOC and zero-VOC formulations of these paints ensure indoor air quality remains high, contributing to the health and well-being of occupants.

Moreover, while initial costs for eco-friendly paints may be slightly higher, the Cool Shades Collection offers long-term cost savings. Its durability and energy-efficient properties contribute to reduced energy bills and maintenance costs over time, making it a cost-effective choice for environmentally conscious consumers and businesses

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V. Technical Details

5.4 Granite-Tech paver system

Fig. 5.13 Tech Paver unit by (Tile Tech Pavers, 2024)

The Granite-Tech paver system, as manufactured by Tile Tech Pavers Inc., is an advanced paving solution designed to combine aesthetics, durability, and sustainability.

Utilizing materials from Granite excavations, these pavers offer a range of benefits that make them ideal for the project due to high availability of stones that preduced from excavations.

Resource Efficiency: By repurposing marble waste, the Granite-Tech paver system minimizes the need for new raw materials, conserving natural resources.

Waste Reduction: Utilizing marble excavation by-products reduces landfill waste, contributing to environmental conservation.

Energy Savings: Reusing materials from marble processing requires less energy compared to producing new materials, lowering the carbon footprint of the paving system.

Fig. 5.14 advantages of Granite-Tech paver system created by author (2024)

One of the key features of the Granite-Tech paver system is its use of sustainable materials, particularly the by-products of marble excavations. This approach not only reduces waste but also provides an eco-friendly solution for construction projects.

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V. Technical Details

Technical Specification Thickness Options

Standard thicknesses range from 1" to 2", catering to different load-bearing requirements and aesthetic preferences.

Surface Finishes

Honed , Shot-Blasted

Weight

The weight of the pavers ranges from approximately 13.75 lbs per square foot for 1" thickness to 27.5 lbs per square foot for 2" thickness.

Compressive Strength

The pavers boast a compressive strength of no less than 8,000 psi (pounds per square inch).

Water Absorption

With a water absorption rate of no greater than 5%, these pavers are highly resistant to moisture damage, which is crucial for maintaining integrity in various weather conditions.

Flexural Strength

A flexural strength of at least 725 psi ensures the pavers can endure bending forces without breaking, enhancing their longevity.

Dimensional Tolerance

The pavers maintain a dimensional tolerance of ±1/8" on length, width, and thickness

table 4 , Paver system technical specification , by authors (2024)

• Modular Design: The pavers are available in various sizes, including 12”x12”, 18”x18”, 24”x24”, and custom sizes upon request. This allows for easy customization and replacement, ensuring that damaged or worn-out pavers can be replaced individually without disturbing the surrounding areas.

• Ease of Installation: The system can be installed using different methods such as sand-set, mortar-set, or bituminous setting bed, depending on the space requirements. This adaptability facilitates quick installation and maintenance.

• Low Maintenance: The pavers require minimal maintenance, and any necessary repairs can be performed efficiently. This is particularly beneficial for rehabilitation centres where maintaining a serene environment is crucial.

The Granite-Tech paver system is a versatile, durable, and sustainable paving solution that is well-suited for the project. By leveraging materials from marble excavations, it supports environmental sustainability while providing a robust and flexible paving solution that can withstand various stresses and conditions with minimal maintenance and disturbance. The technical specifications and LCA findings of the Granite-Tech paver system ensure a reliable and environmentally responsible paving solution tailored to meet the needs of diverse applications.

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V. Technical Details

5.5 Overflow water system The water overflow system is designed to collect and reuse excess water from rainwater harvesting systems, cooling towers, and other potential overflow sources. This collected water is stored in dedicated overflow tanks and reused for irrigation and landscape maintenance, significantly reducing the need for fresh water. Additionally, one of the overflow tanks is integrated with the HVAC geothermal unit, supplying it with a sustainable water source for cooling purposes. This integration not only enhances the efficiency of the geothermal unit but also supports overall water conservation efforts by minimizing the reliance on potable water for non-potable applications. The water overflow system is strategically distributed across various levels and areas of the project to ensure optimal water collection and reuse.

Fig. 5.15 Over flow thank system process created by author (2024)

5.6 Gray water System The gray water system is designed to capture and treat wastewater from non-toilet plumbing fixtures such as sinks, showers, and laundry machines. This treated gray water is then repurposed for irrigation and landscape use within the project . The gray water system is strategically implemented throughout the facility to optimize its efficiency and ensure that irrigation needs are consistently met.

Fig. 5.16 Gray water system process created by author (2024)

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V. Technical Details

5.7 Green Roof System A green roof system installed on the chiller room of the rehabilitation care center in Aswan serves dual purposes: enhancing environmental sustainability and mitigating noise. It improves energy efficiency by reducing heat gain and loss, manages stormwater by absorbing rainwater and reducing runoff, and enhances air quality through plantbased CO2 absorption. Acoustically, the green roof system effectively absorbs sound from the chiller equipment through its vegetation and soil layers, providing additional insulation to minimize noise transmission.

Fig. 5.17 Green Roof section detail by (CADdetails, n.d.)

5.8 Automatic Air Shaft An automatic air flow shaft facilitates efficient ventilation by automatically extracting hot air or introducing fresh air into the building arccording to air direction an. This system operates based on environmental conditions such as temperature and air quality, ensuring optimal indoor air quality and thermal comfort for patients and staff. Integrated with the HVAC controller system, it harmonizes airflow management, maximizing energy efficiency and operational effectiveness.

Fig. 5.18 automated air shaft detail created by (2024)

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Sustainability

VI. Sustainability

6.1 Environmental Sustainability 6.1.1 Landscape The landscape design of the Rehabilitation Care Center for PTSD patients in Aswan features a variety of native plants, carefully selected for their ecological benefits and aesthetic appeal. The chosen species include Aloe Vera Bush, Lemon Tree, Common Reed, Saguaro Cactus, Catalpa Tree, Mulberry Tree, and Tamarix nilotica. These plants were selected based on their ability to thrive in Aswan's climatic conditions and their role in supporting local biodiversity. Aloe Vera and Saguaro Cactus, for instance, are drought-resistant and require minimal irrigation, promoting sustainable water use.

Lemon Trees and Catalpa Trees provide shade and habitats for pollinators and insects, while Common Reed and Tamarix nilotica stabilize the soil and support wetland ecosystems. The extensive planting of Tamarix nilotica along the Nile shoreline, in particular, helps prevent erosion and enhances the ecological environment by offering shelter to various bird species.

Fig. 6.1 Plant species diagram created by author (2024)

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VI. Sustainability

6.1.2 Wildlife

The project also focuses on creating habitats that support a diverse range of local wildlife, enhancing the ecological diversity of the area. The animal species considered in the design include Aythya fukigula (Tufted Duck), Egretta garzetta (Little Egret), Porphyrio porphyrio (Purple Swamphen), Marmaronetta angustirostris (Marbled Teal), Fulica atra (Common Coot), and Hoplopterus spinosus (Spur-winged Lapwing). These species, listed by the Egyptian Ministry of Environment, thrive in wetlands, marshes, and shallow waters, environments that the project's landscaping aims to replicate. By incorporating water bodies and planting native species along the Nile shoreline, the center provides essential habitats and feeding grounds for these birds. This habitat creation not only supports the survival of these species but also contributes to the overall biodiversity and ecological health of the region.

Fig. 6.2 Wildlife species created by author (2024)

In accordance with the Ministry of Environment's research, the project incorporates a variety of native plant species known to thrive in Aswan's unique climatic and ecological conditions. These species have been selected not only for their resilience and adaptability but also for their ecological benefits, such as providing habitat and food sources for local wildlife. The integration of ecological diversity in project for PTSD patients in Aswan demonstrates a commitment to environmental stewardship. By incorporating native plant species and creating supportive habitats for local wildlife, the project not only provides therapeutic benefits for patients but also contributes to the preservation and enhancement of the local ecosystem.

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VI. Sustainability

6.2 Social Sustainability

The design emphasizes creating spaces that promote social interaction, community engagement, and inclusivity. For the project patients , integrating a community plaza and a library accessible to both patients and the local community is essential. These spaces not only support the therapeutic needs of patients but also foster a strong, interconnected community on the island.

A community plaza serves as a central gathering space that encourages social interaction and builds a sense of community. In the rehabilitation care center, the plaza can serve multiple purposes:

1. Social Hub: It can host social activities, workshops, and community events, promoting engagement between patients and the local community. This interaction helps reduce isolation and fosters inclusivity.

2. Cultural Exchange: The plaza can showcase local art and culture, hosting performances, exhibitions, and festivals. This fosters cultural pride and understanding among patients and residents.

Fig. 6.3 Plazas location created by author (2024)

Increase Social Interaction : Regular interaction between patients and residents fosters a sense of community, reducing feelings of isolation and promoting mutual support

Cultural Enrichment : ccultural events and exhibits in the plaza enrich the lives of both patients and residents, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of local heritage.

Community Cohesion: The inclusive design of the plaza and the library's community programs build a strong, supportive network, enhancing social cohesion and resilience.

Fig. 6.4 Community plaza benefits created by author (2024)

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VI. Sustainability

Establishing a community plaza and a library in the rehabilitation care center in Aswan nurtures social sustainability by enhancing the therapeutic environment for people with PTSD and ensuring that there is a firm, inclusive community. This will stimulate growth in social, cultural, and educational development in an environment that will make the rehab centre and the local community long-term able and sustainable.

Fig. 6.5 plazas shots created by author (2024)

6.3 Economic Sustainability Establishing a community plaza and a library in the rehabilitation care center in Aswan nurtures social sustainability by enhancing the therapeutic environment for people with PTSD and ensuring that there is a firm, inclusive community. This will stimulate growth in social, cultural, and educational development in an environment that will make the rehab centre and the local community long-term able and sustainable.

This would also open the restaurant to the public for an external revenue stream and community integration. Second, it can develop culinary programs and source ingredients from regional suppliers to help sustain the regional economy. These would not only have economic benefits but also social and environmental impacts on the care center that would foster a sustainable, cohesive community on the island.

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Structural Guide. https://www.structuralguide.com/post-tension-concreteslab/ ( .‫لبتوصيف البيئي لمحافظة اسوان‬n.d.). In ( ‫جهاز شؤون البيئة‬I/P-١/٢٠٠٢). https://www.eeaa.gov.eg/Uploads/Reports/Files/Aswan%20Des.pdf VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt. (n.d.). LG Egypt. https://www.lg.com/eg_en/business/multi-v-water-iv CADdetails. (n.d.). Garden Roof Assembly - Intensive - CADDetails. https://www.caddetails.com/main/company/viewproduct?companyID=424& productID=17470&viewSource=Industry&q=Vegetated%20Wall%20Coveri ngs Power: Solar PV plants Overview - GlobalData. (n.d.). https://www.globaldata.com/marketplace/power/power-plants-solar-pv/ Tile Tech Pavers. (2024, March 24). Tile Tech Pavers® | pavers and adjustable pedestal systems. https://tiletechpavers.com/ Redi-Rock - Integrated Wall Solutions. (n.d.-b). https://www.redirock.com/ Prasad. (2023, February 16). Post Tension Concrete Slabs | Overview.

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VRF MULTI V WATER IV | HVAC | Business | LG Egypt. (n.d.). LG Egypt. https://www.lg.com/eg_en/business/multi-v-water-iv ( .‫لبتوصيف البيئي لمحافظة اسوان‬n.d.). In ( ‫جهاز شؤون البيئة‬I/P-١/٢٠٠٢). https://www.eeaa.gov.eg/Uploads/Reports/Files/Aswan%20Des.pdf

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