Ancient Fashion History, Modern Influence (Chap 2-3)

Chapter II

Ancient Mesopotamia Content

Page

Background

20

Characteristics

21

Sumerians & Akkadians

22

Babylonians

23

Assyrians

23,24

Persians

24

Jewellery

25

Beauty & Grooming

25,26

Icons/Muses

27,28

Modern Influence

29-31

References

32

Background Introduction Mesopotamia is located in the region now known as the Middle East, which includes parts of southwest Asia and lands around the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The word “Mesopotamia” means "between the rivers" of Euphrates and Tigris. Its history is marked by many important inventions that changed the world, including the concept of time, math, the wheel, sailboats, maps and writing.

The civilizations that developed in Mesopotamia near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers between 3000 and 330 B.C.E. developed impressive skills for fashioning clothing. The evidence of these civilizations' clothing remains on sculptures, pottery, and writings left on tablets and royal tombs. It indicates that a thriving textile or fabric industry existed in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, which included the Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Babylonians, the Assyrians, and the Persians. Textiles were used for trade purposes and were also given as gifts to kings and queens.

Timeline

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Characteristics Textile/Fabric - Wool: the most common fabric used for practically every type of garment from cloaks to shoes - The main textile fibre in the region since the 4th millennium due to the importance of sheep farming - Linen: a more luxurious fabric and was woven for the clothing of the wealthy, priests, and to adorn statues of gods.

- Cotton: introduced in Assyria around 700 B.C.E - Silk: very rare as it is introduced late - Leather, papyrus, skins, furs of animals and metal are sometimes used

Fringe - Mesopotamian clothing were very recognisable due to its wide use of fringe - Fringe can be seen on carvings and on sculptures - The variation in length and elaborations in fringe is even used to reflect status

Shawl -Wrapped around the hips like long skirts - Wrapped around the torso with one end tossed over the left shoulder - Made most commonly out of wool; wealthiest: linen or silk - Embroidered or decorated with precious stones or gold

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Kaunakes

- A unisex garment used in the form of a wraparound skirt tied -The skirt was made from sheepskin - Worn with the skin turned inside and with tufts pattern suggesting overlapping petals or feathers, either by sewing tufts onto the garment or by weaving loops into the fabric - Worn by all Mesopotamians and varies in length -Men wore it around the waist with waist-to-knee or mid-calf length - Women draped it across one shoulder with breast-to-ankle length - Servants and soldiers wore the shortest garments - Persons of high status wore longer ones with the skirt often extending down to the ankles.

Sumerians & Akkadians

- Both cultures were very similar in terms of fashion - In the early days, men of all classes wore mostly loincloths, which provided very little coverage - Later, kaunakes were introduced and both genders wore it - Soldiers wore cloaks ans sashes

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Babylonians - Babylonians wore kaunakes very similar to the Sumerians - Some men wore loin skirts with a hemline that slanted from the upper knee in the front to the calf in the back - The fringe on garments became more elaborate

Assyrians

- Assyrians usually wore two types - the tunic and the shawl, either worn alone or in combination, vary in proportions - Costume trademark - fringed shawls -The higher rank wore a long fringed shawl, the intermediate rank wore a shawl with short fringes, the lower grade had no shawl - Women wore the long tunic with fringed hem and a long fringed shawl or a plaid tunic and wide belt over it.

- Both men and women wore very similar costumes, but with variations - The soldiers wore conical helmets, short, fringed tunics, wide belts or helmets, round caps, high boots, leather breeches and long tunics covered in metal scales, belted at the waist - Embroideries known as “ Babylonian work” were used - These were brilliantly coloured fabrics; royalty trimmed their garments with gold - Men of high statuses, such as kings and military officers, also wore woollen cloaks dyed blue, red, purple, or white

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Ornaments & Jewelery

Assyrians'

Footwear & Military Helmets Royal mitres Foot soldiers' helmet Leaders' helmet

Persians

- Similar to Assyrians but fringes are not so lavishly used - Garments were both elaborate and colourful - Wore tunic, robes, shawls/drapery, coat and baggy trousers (the earliest known trousers call shalvars) that were loosely-fitted - Used linen, leather and wools - Richly decorative ornaments - Rather than being marked by gender, clothing styles were distinguished by class and status.

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Jewelry

- Worn by both sexes -Natural and geometric motifs such as leaves, flowers, cones, spirals, and bunches of grapes.

- Sumerian and Akkadian jewellery was created from gold and silver leaf - Decorated with many semiprecious stones (mostly agate, carnelian, jasper, lapis lazuli and chalcedony) - Used for status, spirituality, money, or just good oldfashioned style.

Beauty & Grooming

Makeup

- Ancient Mesopotamians are believed to be inventors of makeup - Both men and women wore makeup - Makeup was held in seashells discovered in tombs, containing red, white, yellow, blue, green, and black pigments with carved ivory applicators - Lipstick was an epidermis-scraping mix of paste and crushed semiprecious rock - Ancient Sumerians' makeup was very similar to ancient Egyptian makeup as kohl was worn as mascara or eyeliner eye as protection against bacteria and red-eye - Perfume, made from soaked plants with water and oil, used for both cosmetic and medicinal purposes

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Hair

- In the early years, most Sumerian men shaved their heads bald - Women braided their long hair into elaborate styles pinned to the top of their heads and covered it with netting, scarves, or turbans.

- In the Akkadian period, some men wore wavy hair - Later in the Assyrian period, curls or face hair were "trendy" as the king began to wear a full beard and long braided hair tied in a large bun at the nape of his neck - Assyrian men wore full beards and moustaches with long curled hair and wigs are used if needed - Priests, doctors, and slaves had specific hairstyles and headdresses, especially for special ceremonies - Persians continued to curl their hair but began to wear rounded and pointed hats, probably made of leather.

- Perfumes, oils, and black dye were used on the hair.

- The wealthiest people decorated their elaborate hairstyles with beautifully made jewellery of gold and silver

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Icons / Muses King Darius I

King Darius I byname Darius the Great is the king of Persia in 522–486 BC. During this time the Persian Empire reached its peak Darian led military campaigns in Europe, Greece, and even in the Indus valley, conquering lands and expanding his empire. Moreover, Darius also improved the legal and economic system and conducted impressive construction projects across the Persian Empire.

By introducing a new universal currency, the darayaka, he made it easier to collect taxes on land, livestock, and marketplaces, which led to improved revenues for the empire. To further improve the economy and help traders, a new standardised system of weights and measures was introduced.

He also improved the legal system of the Persian government, using the Babylonian Hammurabi as a model and copying some of his laws completely. The laws were enforced by the judges of the empire, who needed to be incorruptible. The new system proved to be popular, even after Darius's death, some laws were still in use in 218 BCE.

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King Hammurabi Hammurabi’s Code

Hammurabi was the sixth king in the Babylonian dynasty, which ruled in central Mesopotamia from 1894 to 1595 B.C. He was the first ruler able to successfully govern all of Mesopotamia, without revolt, following his initial conquest. He was definitely a phenomenal ruler and made history for his surviving set of laws named after him.

Hammurabi’s Code was once considered the oldest promulgation of laws in humans. The famous code served as the model for others, including the Mosaic Law of the Bible. It is ahead of its time when it came to laws addressing subjects like divorce, property rights and the prohibition of incest, but perhaps most progressive of all was a stipulation mandating an ancient form of minimum wage. It is also among the earliest legal documents to put forth a doctrine of “innocent until proven guilty.”

The Code also includes a modern take on judicial procedures.

For example, when two parties had a dispute, the legal protocol allowed them to bring their case before a judge and provide evidence and witnesses to back up their claims.

It is undeniable that Hammurabi was an icon of his time and up until today, his set of laws is still used in reference. Hammurabi’s Code was proved so influential that it endured as a legal guide in the region for several centuries, even as rule over Mesopotamia repeatedly switched hands.

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Modern Influence Fringe

The Mesopotamia iconic fringe elements have definitely been used in many fashion garments to this day, from dresses to skirts, jackets, bags, jewellery, and even shoes. It has come and gone out of style and has come a long way.

From its association with 1920s flapper dresses, cool bohemian, hipster and hippie look from 1970, the 1990s' cropped and fringes tees teamed with glittery blue leggings, then the Western cowboy suede jackets. And finally, modern days come with all those past looks that are combined and mixed up together offering us sexy styles and pretty fits.

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Fringe - FW20 Trend From left to right: Dior, Jil Sander, Prada.

Salvatore Ferragamo and Prada

Bottega Veneta

Dior, Bottega Veneta, Prada, Salvatore Ferragamo, Boss and Jil Sanders have all included fringe into some of the strongest pieces from their fall-winter 2020 collections. At the Milan Fashion Week, designers took fringe to a new level, incorporating the style into unique garments and accessories in unexpected proportions and colours. The shredded detail added movement, making any look a bit more festive, and its sudden revival is sure to shake up the fashion system today. Certainly, this trend has dripped down to the masses and can be easily incorporated into our wardrobe. It gives a lot of movement to our outfit and will make any outfit look more stylish and fun.

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Inspiration to Runway Fashion

SPRING 2009 READY-TO-WEAR Aquilano.Rimondi

SPRING 2014 FALL 2013 READYREADY-TO-WEAR TO-WEAR Dsquared2 Pedro Lourenço

Several runway collection recreated the Mesopotamian kaunakes

Conclusion

SPRING 2017 Ralph & Russo

Fashion elements in the ancient Mesopotamian like fringe and shawl have always been prevalent for the past centuries, decades and up till this day. With new modern twists to these elements, it will continue to evolve and stay relevant in many years to come.

Recreation of Mesopotamian's shawl

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References http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/The -Ancient-World-Mesopotamia/Mesopotamian-Clothing.html https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/kaunakes/ https://sumerianshakespeare.com/312101/319201.html http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201013354299711.pdf https://world4.eu/persian-costume-history/ https://world4.eu/ancient-assyrian-culture/ http://nationalclothing.org/middle-east/305-traditional-clothing-ofmesopotamia-what-did-it-look-like.html https://blog.mylola.com/womens-health/history-lesson-lipstickancient-mesopotamia-today/ http://curioustendency.blogspot.com/2011/07/makeup-inmesopotamia.html#.YQKrAROA63I http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/The -Ancient-World-Mesopotamia/Mesopotamian-BodyDecorations.html#:~:text=To%20make%20perfume%2C%20Mesopota mians%20soaked,%2C%20medicinal%2C%20and%20other%20uses. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papersand-books/hairstyles-and-headgear https://www.worldhistory.org/Darius_I/ https://www.worldhistory.org/hammurabi/ https://www.creadose-magazine.com/the-magazine/fw20-trendfringe https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/hammurabi https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-may-not-know-abouthammurabis-code

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Chapter III

Ancient Greece Content

Page

Background

34

Garment

35-37

Footwear

38

Jewellery

38

Hairstyle

39

Minoan

40-42

Mycenaean

43,44

Icons/Muses

45,46

Modern Influence

47-49

References

50

Background Introduction The history of clothing in ancient Greece traces its roots to three significant civilizations: the Minoans(3000-1600 BC), the Mycenaeans(1600-1100BC), and the Classical Greeks(500-323BC).

Each of these civilizations created sophisticated clothing customs.

Clothing for these civilizations served not only to cover and protect the body but also to decorate and enhance the beauty of the wearer.

People in ancient Greece wore clothes that were home-woven and quite often very colourful, and one look tells us that those clothes were very much influenced by the outfits of the ancient Egyptians.

Colours could have included: red, blue, yellow, and green Textiles could have patterns of • Stylized floral motifs • Geometric patterns • Meander • Greek key Designs could have been: woven Embroidered painted

Timeline

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Garments Fabric

- Silk, linen and wool - Linen was the most common fibre due to the hot climate.

- The most expensive textiles were finely woven linen and soft wool - Expensive linen was sheer; nudity was not taboo in Ancient Greece - The fabric could be crinkled or pleated to give the garment more fullness, as the more fabric one wore, the wealthier one appeared - Another way of showing wealth was to use colourful dyes - Common dye colours included green, brown, grey, and yellow, while the Tyrian purple dye was expensive to produce and only worn by the wealthy

Chiton

– A tunic of two different styles, Doric and Ionic, worn by both sexes – A belt was also worn with the chiton, which was called the zoster – The Doric chiton is usually made out of linen - It consists of two pieces of cloth, which is rectangular in shape, pin at the shoulder, sleeveless and worn long – The Ionic chiton's overfold was longer than the Doric chiton and is usually made out of wool - It goes all the way from the neck to the wrists and the excess fabric was gathered or girdled at the waist - A himation, or cloak, could be worn over top of the chiton

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Chlamys

– An outer garment used as a short cape or cloak - Made from a seamless, rectangular piece of woollen material that is about the size of a blanket - Used as a cloak and was pinned with fibulae at the right shoulder - Worn primarily by men for military or hunting purposes as a light shield in combat.

- The Greek military attire from the 5th to the 3rd century BCE - It could be worn over other clothing but was often the sole item of clothing for young soldiers and messengers

Himation

– A large outer garment, worn as a long cape or cloak by both sexes, passing under the left arm and secured at the right shoulder - Made from a rectangular piece of wool with the use of lighter fabrics - A more voluminous himation was worn in cold weather - Can be used as a form of drapery to be worn over the chiton and peplos - Women wore it in a variety of styles, the most popular of which was the symmetrical style where it was basically used as a larger veil

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Peplos

- A predecessor to the himation - A square piece of cloth that was originally worn over the chiton by women - Consisted of a tubular-shaped cloth - It was folded from the inside out and pinned at both shoulders, leaving the cloth open down one side – The top layer of the cloth, which draped the waist often gave the appearance of two pieces of cloth – Some patterns that were used for the peplos, such as checks, flowers, waves or even stripes

Strophion – A cloth band which served women as a belt and a bra - Used to fasten around a loose-fitting chiton or chiton-like garment, especially around the area of the chest or below it - It was the ancient Greek version of the modernday bra, worn as an outer layer instead of underneath the clothes

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Footwear - The footwear of ancient Greece were largely utilitarian.

- At home, the Greeks would preferably walk around barefoot - Outside, they would wear a leather sandal typically known as a carbatine - It was a single piece of leather secured to the sole of the foot with laces that pulled the tops of the shoes together when tied, leaving the toes exposed and was worn until about 1000 AD. - The Greeks also wore a boot-like piece of footwear called the cothurnus - Its boot-like shape could cover up the whole foot and it had thicker soles made from leather with red straps in the front

Jewellery - Greeks wore fine and delicate earrings, bracelets, necklaces, armbands, thigh bands, finger rings, wreaths, diadems, elaborate hair ornaments, brooches, and rings - Pieces were usually inlaid with pearls and dazzling gems or semiprecious stones-emeralds, garnets, carnelians, banded agates, sardonyx, chalcedony, and rock crystal - Gold jewellery was popular and worn both in life and death - Motifs involved Greek gods, or plants and animals - Commonly passed from generation to generation or made as an offering to the gods

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Hairstyles

- Long curly hair, preferably blonde, was considered most attractive - Krylon: an updo with hair gathered, tied and pinned to the forehead - Kepos: a bowl-cut used for youths and slaves - Theseid: a sort of proto-mullet which was short in front and long in the back - Hectorean: was combed back into curls - Women wore their hair long and in curls, sometimes plaited, sometimes with tresses draped over the shoulders.

- After the defeat of Persia in 449 BC, women began pinning their hair in a knot or bun at the nape of the neck, sometimes with a band or a net wound around the head - During mourning, women cut their hair short - Men grew their hair long.

- A boy cuts his hair short (about chin or jaw-length) when he reached adolescence and remained with a short haircut until he became older and more distinguished - The beard was a mark of distinction and virility - Soldiers cut off their beards, and thus give the enemy one less thing to grab, that the beard lost some of its grandeur

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Minoan Background The Minoans lived on the Greek island of Crete between 3000 and 1600 B.C.E. It is located in the southern Mediterranean and has a hot climate. Their name came from the legendary king Minos of Crete.

The Minoans exerted great influence on the Mycenaean culture of the Greek islands and mainland and its culture reached its peak c. 1600 bc and was noted for its cities and palaces, extended trade contacts, and use of writing.

Introduction Our knowledge of Mionan's clothing comes from the artwork that has been found at the sites where the Minoans lived, thousands of years before most recorded history. Wall paintings show Minoan textiles with intricate patterns that required both simple and complex weaving processes, embroidery, or painting. Excavations reveal that dyestuffs were imported as Egyptian wall paintings showing men dressed in Minoan styles lead to the conclusion that Minoan traders brought their textiles to Egypt.

Minoans wore a variety of complex garments that were sewn together in very much the same way that modern garments are made.

Unlike the classical Greeks who followed them hundreds of years later, the Minoans sewed skirts and blouses that were shaped to the body of the wearer.

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Men

- Clothing: Early Minoan men usually went bare-chested - They wore only loincloths, which were small pieces of fabric wrapped around the waist and held in place by a belt or girdle to cover the genitals

Loincloth styles

- It might be worn as a kilt, hanging freely from the waist, or it might be tucked in under the groin, making it into something like a pair of shorts - By sewing the flaps of the loincloth, front and back, together under the groin, it evolves into a pair of shorts.

- Made from a wide variety of materials, such as linen, leather, or wool, and decorated with bright colours and patterns - Some wore skirts that ranged in length from short thigh-length versions with a tassel in the front to longer lengths that ended below the knee or at the ankle.

- Headwear: feathered headgear and flat cap - Hairstyle: several long black locks with the rest of their hair cut short

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Women

- Clothing: wore close-fitting blouses that were cut low in the front to expose the breasts and full-length skirts - Skirt: 1. a bell-shaped skirt fitted over the hips and flares to the hem 2. Made of a series of horizontal ruffles widening gradually until they reach the ground and it appears to be very similar to the Mesopotamian kaunakes garment 3. Shown with a line down the centre that some have interpreted as depicting a culotte-like, bifurcated skirt. Others see that line as merely showing how the skirt fell.

- With these skirts, they often wore an apron-like overgarment for religious rituals and was a vestige of a loincloth worn by men and women in earlier times.

- Belt: A tiny waist was prized, so they wore tight belts made of metal, which held their waists in - Headwear: high pointed hats like Phrygian caps which had high peaks folded over so that the peak pointed frontwards - Hairstyle: hair carefully arranged and held in place with decorative nets or fillets (bands).

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Mycenaean Background Mycenaean (1600 – 1100 BC) is the last phase of the Bronze Age and its name is derived from the site of Mycenae in the Peloponnese.

Mycenean represents the first advanced civilization in mainland Greece, with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art and writing system. The Mycenaeans were indigenous Greeks who were likely stimulated by their contact with Minoan Crete and other Mediterranean cultures to develop a more sophisticated sociopolitical culture of their own. They introduced several innovations in the fields of engineering, architecture and military infrastructure, while trade over vast areas of the Mediterranean was essential for the Mycenaean economy.

Introduction dress and appearance played a part in defining gender roles and emphasising idealized beauty that planted the seed for modern-day standards. Frescoes and figurines uncovered from this era reveal a fabulously colourful society that expressed itself through fashion, hair, and accessories.

Both Minoan and Mycenaean women sought a pinched waist to achieve the epitome of a feminine aesthetic. The fashion of Mycenaean men, however, expressed their warlike temperament, in contrast to their Minoan counterparts, who embodied display and splendour.

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Men - Clothing: Cover up slightly more than the Minoans and did not just wear a loincloth - Kilts, tunics, and cloaks became fashion staples and are debatably less decorative - Tunic is a long dress-like shirt with long sleeves and was typically tied around the waist with a belt - It is structured with a square and trimmed neckline and sleeves usually fell just before the elbow starts - Soldiers usually wore armour of bronze.

- Battle armour was a common feature - Headwear: helmets consisted of leather or felt caps and were sometimes embellished with feathers that were reinforced with boar tusks

Women - Clothing: Adopted a similar flounced skirt and silhouette like the Minoans - More conservative closed bodice was preferred and, on occasion, just a simplistic tunic, sometimes belted - Wore knit shawls or cloaks over their dresses - Headwear: the polos - a round, cylindrical crown, shaped almost like a side-turned wheel that was worn on the head - sported by powerful women such as goddesses - Hairstyle: very elaborate -locks, tresses, buns, and curls all at the same time.

- The hairstyle represents age, status, or perhaps certain practices.

- The longer the hair is, the more mature the person is

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Icons / Muses Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon is commonly known as Alexander the Great. He was the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 336 to 323 B.C. and is often ranked among the most influential people in human history, single-handedly changed the nature of the ancient world in little more than a decade.

During his time of leadership, he united Greece, reestablished the Corinthian League and conquered the Persian Empire. He had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's most successful military commanders. The fact that his army only refused to follow him once in 13 years of a reign during which there was constant fighting, indicates the loyalty he inspired.

Alexander's face was even featured in coins but he himself did not issue coins with his own image; his successors did. The fact that his successors refer back to their deceased predecessors as they established new empires shows that he is a powerful symbol of power, military genius, and conquest. His image, name, and legendary power remained resonant and politically visible even long after his death.

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The Greek Goddesses

The 9 muses in Greek mythology is the poetic inspiration, the adored deities of song, dance, and memory, on whose mercy the creativity, wisdom and insight of all artists and thinkers depended Their gifts of song, dance, and joy helped the gods and mankind to forget their troubles and inspired musicians and writers to reach ever greater artistic and intellectual heights. They are: 1. Calliope (“The One with a Beautiful Voice”) was the Muse of Epic Poetry; Hesiod claims that she was the foremost among the nine, since “she attends on worshipful princes”; Calliope can often be seen holding a writing tablet 2.

Clio (“The Celebrator,” “The Proclaimer”) was the Muse of History, and, quite fittingly, she usually holds a scroll 3.

Erato (“The Lovely One”) was the Muse of Lyric Poetry; naturally, she’s usually represented with a lyre 4.

Euterpe (“She Who Pleases”), was the Muse of Flute-playing, which is why she is time and again portrayed with an aulos 5. Melpomene (“She Who Sings”) was the Muse of Tragedy, and she is either holding a tragic mask or some other symbol of tragedy (sword, club, buskins) 6. Polyhymnia (“She of the Many Hymns”) was the Muse of Hymns and sacred poetry, often depicted with a pensive look hidden behind a veil; 7. Terpsichore (“The One Delighting in the Dance”), was the Muse of Choral Lyric and Dancing; as expected, she is usually shown dancing and sometimes holding a lyre 8. Thalia (“The Cheerful One”) was the Muse of Comedy and was often portrayed holding a comic mask or a shepherd’s crook 9. Urania (“The Heavenly One”) was the Muse of Astronomy, and you can often see her holding a globe

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Modern Influence Folds & Fluid Drapery

Ancient Greek culture has influenced modern fashion designers over and over. The drape pattern of the Greeks is revived by modern designers in evening gowns with elaborate pleats, at the waistline and below the neckline. Such drapes add a soft touch to the outfit and give a more feminine appearance. Hollywood stars are seen on red carpets with gowns having elaborate drapes and pleats.

With a flurry of ruffles, pleats, and drapes, Greek clothing also displays a spectacular look in fashion shows.

In spring, summer 2020, numerous new collections featured ancient Greek beauty with elegant draped shapes to rival classically fluid forms and it is definitely a returning trend mentioned in VOGUE. These recent collections are shown below:

Marine Serre

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Prabal Colville(featured Oscar de Gurung carbatine sandals too) la Renta

Vejas

Inspiration to Runway Fashion CHANEL RESORT 2018

ALEXANDER MCQUEEN SPRING 2012 RTW

Inspiration: 1,2 - Chilton , 3- Peplos

Minoan women open breast blouse, belted at the waist

MARY KATRANTZOU SS 2017 RTW

Featured painting of Minoan women on its garments.

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Conclusion The people of ancient Greece adopted many styles of clothing from earlier civilizations and developed their own style to suit their physiology. From chitons and peplos to leather sandals, the culture of clothing has had a huge impact on fashions in the subsequent Roman Empire and many other Western civilizations that came after it. Clothing like the chlamys cloak went on to have a huge impact on later Christian societies as Jesus Christ himself is often depicted as wearing a cloak very similar to the Greek chlamys.

Ancient Greece's fashion impact definitely does not stop there and in fact, its signature key elements such as drapery and versatility of using one piece of cloth by folding and pinning in different ways are absolutely prevalent in contemporary fashion. Designers often use this method to style these designs on the mannequin to create a stunning draping effect with fluid lines. Besides, most of us even own some drape pieces in our wardrobe and is commonly seen in evening gowns.

It is clear that Ancient Greece's influence in fashion has come a long way and will continue to evolve and remain in the future.

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References http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/TheAncient-World-Greece/Minoan-Dress.html#ixzz725N8tleH https://www.worldhistory.org/article/20/ancient-greek-clothing/ https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/greek-history/top-10-famousclothes-ancient-greece/ https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1723/beauty-in-the-bronze-age--minoan--mycenaean-fashi/ https://www.worldhistory.org/article/449/minoan-jewellery/ http://ancientgreecefacts.com/hairstyles/ http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Jewelry/ https://www.worldhistory.org/Mycenaean_Civilization/ http://nationalclothing.org/europe/42-greece/579-what-did-they-wearin-ancient-greece-mycenaean-attire.html https://womeninantiquity.wordpress.com/2017/03/29/mycenaeanfemales-clothing-hair-and-jewellery/ https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/culture-magazines/fashionminoan-period http://antiquatedantiquarian.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-minoansfashion.html https://www.biography.com/political-figure/alexander-the-great http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/alexander_the_great.shtml https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancientmedieval/alexander-the-great/a/alexander-the-great https://www.greekmythology.com/Other_Gods/The_Muses/the_muses.h tml https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/6251/enduring-fashioninspiration https://style2designer.com/apparel/history/history-clothing/influencegreek-clothing-current-design/ https://greekherald.com.au/news/grecian-chic-this-is-how-ancient-greekart-has-influenced-fashion/ https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/ss20-trend-bias-draping

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