Portfolio zhekun xiong

A GREEN BOOK ON METROPOLITAN SURVIVAL

XIONG ZHEKUN

2 0 1 7

XIONG ZHEKUN

Date of Birth: Sep. 21, 1991 E-MAIL: xiongzk@mit.edu Tel: +1-617-599-5067 Department: Dpartment of Urban Studies and Planning, MIT Address: Ashdown House Apt 4121A, 235 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

F E B R U A R Y,

Master in City Planning Candidate, MIT Master of Architecture, Bachelor of Architecture, Tsinghua University

PORTFOLIO OF XIONG ZHEKUN

Part 1 Practice

Practice · City · Architecture

To survive in the 21 st century metropolises has become a more pressing issue than probably anytime in history. We are all equally or at least partially faced with unprecedented threats caused by rapid urbanization and globalization, including environmental deterioration, traffic paralysis and housing shortage. This situation thus gives rise to urgent global responsibilities, as raised by UN Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030) , “to eliminate poverty and hunger, to achieve quality education, to provide decent work, to take climate action, to make more sustainable cities etc.”, which I believe deserves more attention in contemporary architectural discourse.

Through seven-year practice and research, I have been exploring an alternative architectural approach of solution-oriented design, attempting to address complicated and pressing urban issues with collaborative perspectives based on a deep understanding of the essence of architecture discipline. In the selected works of this portfolio, I’m going to display some real stories related to urban issues as well as my effort on experimenting solution-oriented design to diagnose and solve the problems, hoping to contribute to more sustainable cities and communities from the outset of The Green Book on Metropolitan Survival .

01 GLOCALIZING 03 URBAN MIXING

04 SQUEEZING

06 PROLONGING

05 MOBILIZING 02 BREATHING

st CHAPTER

1 SURVIVAL STORIES

rd CHAPTER

nd CHAPTER

2 A PARTICIPATORY URBAN DIAGNOSIS

04

01 GLOCALIZING: MONGOLIAN MUSEUM

05

Inner Mongolia, China / Preservation of Mongolian Culture in Petrol Age Professional Works, SHAN Jun Atelier, Under Construction, 12/2013-09/2014

02 BREATHING: SUB-BREATHE

14

Beijing, China / A PM2.5 Filter Powered by Subway Wind to Improve Air Quality 3rd Prize, UIA-HYP CUP International Competition, 04-07/2013

03 URBAN MIXING

22

23

Stoke-on-Trent, UK / Remapping and Visualizing of Metropolitan Problems Studio [Re_Map] ICU, University of Manchester, 09-11/2011

3 S/M/L

METHODOLOGIES

04 SQUEEZING: BOGOTA IN DUALITY

05 MOBILIZING: ARCHITECTURE ON WHEELS

60

New York, USA / A 1.1-mile-long Linear Shelter Hung under the Brooklyn Bridge Honorable Mention, D3 Housing Tomorrow Competition, 01-02/2013

31

Bogota, Colombia / A Colombian Housing-Landscape Complex In-between Old and New M.Arch Studio / Honorable Mention, UIA-HYP CUP International Competition, 03-08/2014

OTHER WORKS

64

40

Durban, South Africa / A Motorcade System of Informal Economy for Traders' Subsistence 3rd Place, XXV UIA International Competition, 03-05/2014

06 PROLONGING: EVENT SPACE 02

X A LETTER TO NY MAYOR: NY LOW LINE

30

50

Beijing, China / A Revitalization of Abandoned Industrial Culture Graduate Studio, Best Graduation Project, 03-07/2013

CONTENTS 03

CHAPTER 1 SURVIVAL STORIES

01 GLOCALIZING: MONGOLIAN MUSEUM PRESERVATION OF MONGOLIAN CULTURE IN PETROL AGE INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA / PROFESSIONAL WORKS, SHAN JUN ATELIER, 12/2013-09/2014

01 GLOCALIZING

“Glocalization” refers to a simultaneous course taking place in most parts of the world, that is to keep up with the fast pace of globalization while giving attention to the diminishing local consciousness. Especially in areas with rich traditional context, it has become a pressing issue for contemporary architects and urban designers to preserve cultural identity by reining the process of urbanization and industrialization as a balance in urban projects.

02 BREATHING

Environmental problems such as "Beijing Smog" recently have been viewed as the severe aftermath of decades of rapid but reckless development. With such basic right as “breathing” challenged, we architects must fight together with environmental and ecological problems in metropolitan areas, which requires us to reflect on the process of urbanization, and to think about a smarter and greener way to deal with future developments.

Principal Architect: SHAN Jun Under Construction My Work: Principal Assistant Architect / Concept 50%, Analysis 50%, Model 70%, Rendering 80%, Construction Design: 40% Team: TIE Lei, HUANG Huaqing, LIANG Yushu etc.

Area: 2,500m 2

PETROL CHEMICAL PLANT

STUD FARM LET'S TAKE A TOUR THROUGH TWO SURVIVAL STORIES

THE TING LOA

F

SIT

E

XIAOZHUANG RIVER

S

T YUR

Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang Emperor Kangxi' s Grandmother

MUSEUM

Name: Sukhbaatar Age: 55 Nationality: Chinese (Mongolian Minority)

COAL MINE

Sukhbaatar used to live in a prairie near the city of Tongliao, and his family has been nomadic herders for many generations. In recent years, discoveries of coal mines and constructions of petrol chemical plants in the region are encroaching on their territory.

Most local herders have turned to other professions and become citizens. Sukhbaatar is among the last few traditional herders in the city, hoping that the cultural identity of this ethnic minority will be preserved and respected in the fast pace of urbanization and industrialization.

N SURVIVOR

SUKHBAATAR Inner Mongolia, China

SURVIVOR

JIAN GUO Beijing, China 04

0 50 100 200m

Encroached by Urbanization and Industrialization Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 05

06

Mongolian Medicine

蒙 医

Museum of Traditional Mongolian Medicine is a reinterpretation of nomadic space of wandering.

The museum reduces the volume and fits the riverbank environment, thus creating a landscape architecture. The ambiguous relation presented by nine sunken courtyards and five rising volumes is an image of Mongolian yurts, which symbolizes the nomadic civilization. Referring to “Wu Yuan Qi Su ”, the Yin-Yang and Inside-Outside balancing theory promoted by the Mongolian medicine, the building embodies a balance between the upper-ground and underground, and between each volume as well.

07

SPATIAL SEQUENCE 1: Across the Prairie A group of hunters ride their horses slowly through the prairie, keeping an close eye on the slightest movements and clues nearby.

土 Earth

RE-INTERPRETING TRADITIONAL ARTS

火 Fire

空 Void

SPATIAL SEQUENCE 2: Into the Valley

The museum tries to capture the spirit of Nomadic Space in this new building.

From the studies of traditional paintings depicting hunting scenes of the nomadic groups, we can see the same figure shows repeatedly in the scroll. This distinctive skill of parallel perspective in Chinese painting also implies the sense of wandering, which is a symbol of nomadism culture. Analogically, the nine courtyards of the museum take a random but comfortable layout, creating a sinuous route for visitors to wander within the landscape. Moreover, the five towers are of various sizes and lean to different directions, playing with optical illusion to echo the spatial spirits in the painting.

The hunters discover a prey, and the whole group move all of a sudden. The chief of tribe leads them following the prey into the valley.

Landscape

气

Vapor Site

SPATIAL SEQUENCE 3: Between the Mountains The hunters are running after the prey between the mountains, but the winding alleys make it difficult for them to swerve and catch up with it.

水

Water

Underground

Volume

SPATIAL SEQUENCE 4: Through the Path The chief hunter chases the prey out of the valley, running through a path with several younger hunters ambushing on both sides. They finally catch it.

Wandering

游

08

NOMADIC SPACE OF WANDERING Hunting , Giuseppe Castiglione, 17th-18th Cen.

游

RE-INTERPRETATION Sectional Perspective of the Museum

Diversity

09

N 01 2

5

10m

UNDERGROUND FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

16.200m

14.200m 12.200m 8.200m

±0.000m -2.800m -7.200m

水 Water

气 Vapor

火 Fire

空 Void

土 Earth

SECTION

FLOATING MONGOLIAN YURTS Yurts, the representation of traditional Mongolian settlements, are the crystallization of local nomadic memories. This museum, with the loose, random layout of the five towers and nine courtyards, thus tries to capture the spirit of the floating yurts within a modernized architectural discourse. Each tower symbolizes an element of traditional Mongolian medicine, and creates the atmosphere of mystery and infinity in the museum as felt in typical prairie landscapes in the region.

10

TEA HOUSE - EARTH

MEDITATION ROOM - VOID

11

台

PLATFORM

塔 TOWER 院

COURTYARD

CONSTRUCTION DESIGN 1:20

50mm artificial stone facing

6mm Low-E glass+12Ar+6mm

25mm scale board 200mm reinforced concrete interior facing board 100mm rockwool insulation stone curtain wall keel

raised flooring plate interior floor facing 60mm compressed concrete 10mm waterproof 40mm gravel

silicone weather-resistant sealant 8mm coating steel plate

asphalt waterproof roll

6mm Low-E glass+12Ar+6mm

200mm concrete screed-coat

M10*30 stainless steel bolt

12

reinforced concrete foundation

black stainless steel railing 20mm artificial stone facing 40mm scale board bluestone garden path 200mm earth asphalt waterproof roll reinforced concrete wall 300*200*8 galvanized steel fittings 4-M12*160 chemical anchor bolt

M10*30 stainless steel bolt 80mm compressed concrete 50m artificial stone facing 25mm scaleboard 150mm rockwool insulation 13

02 BREATHING: SUB-BREATHE A PM2.5 FILTER POWERED BY SUBWAY WIND TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY BEIJING, CHINA / THE 3RD PRIZE, UIA-HYP CUP INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION, 04-07/2013 Tutor: WANG Hui My Work: Team Leader / Concept 50%, Analysis 80%, Model 60%, Rendering 60% Collaborative Design / Partners: LIU Fangshuo, WANG Shu, YU Haochang al condition of ten millions of salarymen daily topic of China’s Smog. Concerning the environment hot the to d respon to s intend E REATH SUB-B with the intention of improving air quality. Making ed as a PM2.5 filter powered by subway wind traveling by subway ,the SUB -BREATHE is design air circulation between the underground and itate precip to in the middle, it sub-breathes in and out use of the piston effect and purified installation function and form. is harmonious with the environment based on its the city above with the process of purification, which

Name: Jian Guo Age: 30 Nationality: Chinese This young fella from Hubei Province has become an icon during the heavy smog in Beijing. In 2015, he spent 100 days collecting smog on streets using an industrial dust collector, and after that he surprisingly made a piece of red brick just from all the dust he collected. This brick is definitely a strong alert to people that how serious the environmental problem is now in Beijing.

Although as an individual he couldn't really make a big change, his determination has undoubtedly summoned more people to cope with this issue.

Beijing issued its first ever "red alert" for pollution, of heavy smog from Tuesday until Thursday.

According to the National Meteorological Center (NMC), several regions in North China have been plagued by smog from Sunday to Monday.

BEIJING, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- Thick smog has been lingering over much of north China since last No way to escape from week. the smog. We seem all

14

equal anyway under the same sky.

easily reach respiratory system cause cardiovascular, cerebrovascular etc. carry microorganisms in the air

1mm=1000μm ≤2.5μm PM2.5

I am worried about the health of my family, and we might move to Canada soon.

It is said that cold air will approach here on Tuesday night and help clear the smog in the region as it moves eastward!

15

BREATHING BY PISTON EFFECT SUB-BREATHE IN The breathing-in process starts by using the piston effect of the subway to drag the polluted air from aboveground down into the tunnels. Since the piston effect is a common byproduct of regular train operation, only a small amount of energy is needed to maintain this breathing-in air flow. Through this process, dirty and dusty air from aboveground is filtered with multiple energy-efficient methods to ensure the inhaled air of subway users is clean. Nests, timber filters, and activated charcoal are used to filter out the larger particles in the first place; then an indoor vegetation space is arranged to further clean the air, as well as to supply the dry air of Beijing with more oxygen and moisture; electrostatic precipitators and adsorption towers are used as the final step to remove the fine particles, making the air pm2.5 free and hence improving the underground air quality significantly.

Light Conductor

Timber Filters

Oxygen Humidification

Electrostatic Precipitator

Absorption Tower Air Duct

Subway Tunnel Piston Effect

Pressure (underground) ＜ Pressure (aboveground)

SUB-BREATHE OUT Viewing Platform

Learning Point POINT 5 50 µg/m3 pm10 30 µg/m3 pm2.5 25 C°

Museum Entrance

Garden Planting

Promenade

The breathing-out process also starts by using the piston effect other way round: a different air valve is used to ensure that the air only flows in the expected direction.

An extra indoor purified space is added to the breathing-out process to give passers-by aboveground an air-clean gathering spot where activities may take place. Only adsorption towers and electrostatic precipitators are used to filter out the possible particles generated by the operation of subways. Then the cleaned air is conducted into collecting chambers where indoor vegetation further supplies the air with more oxygen. The light for the photosynthesis process is mainly conducted underground by the light conductors, which also provide illumination for the public activity spaces. Finally the cleaned air is exhaled back into the urban atmosphere by air vents, which completes the sub-breathe cycle and makes the whole city cleaner.

Light Conductor

Air Vent

Electrostatic Precipitator Purified Space

Absorption Tower Air Duct

Subway Tunnel POINT 4 100 µg/m3 pm10 50 µg/m3 pm2.5 25 C°

Piston Effect

Pressure (underground) ＞ Pressure (aboveground)

SUB-BREATHE LOOP POINT 3 150 µg/m3 pm10 75 µg/m3 pm2.5 28 C°

POINT 2 200 µg/m3 pm10 100 µg/m3 pm2.5 30 C°

Overall, the air flow of the sub-breathe cycle is mostly maintained by the generally “power free” piston effect. The air above and underground is cleaned by ecological and energy efficient methods in both directions.

-CO2 -NOX

-pm10 -pm2.5

+O2 +H2O geothermal system

City Air Timber Filters

Vegetation

Vegetation

Centrifuge

Electrostatic Precipitator

Sub-breathe Centrifuge

SUB-BREATHE FACADE

16

POINT 1 400 µg/m3 pm10 200 µg/m3 pm2.5 35 C°

Piston effect (commonly known as subway wind, which is a byproduct of trains traveling through narrow tunnels) is utilized as the main source of power for the exchange of air between the above ground surface, the activity rooms, and the subway tunnels.

SUB-BREATHE FACADE

CITY PARK

Electrostatic Precipitator

Chemical Absorber

Physical Absorber

Physical Absorber

Subway Air

17

Mr.CHEN Huanyu will be able to buy a house in beijing for the reason that he can save a lot of money by not buying MASK PM2.5 Data Comparison 75 anymore!

Annually

Daily (μg/m3)

35 25 10 WHO

15

USA

35

35

25

EU

JPN

CHN

RED ALERT for BEIJING SMOG

We get Smog-Leave during heavy smog from school, but I am not happy at all! I cannot go out play with my friends, and sadly my parents do not have the same vacation, leaving me at home alone!

Smog has darkened Beijing’s skies and sullied the city’s reputation, but northern China’s persistent pollution plague is now actually getting more artful.

Authorities in Beijing announced on Sunday that the city's air pollution alert has been upgraded from yellow to orange - the highest smog alert of the year - and Standing in smoggy industrial plants are Tiananmen Square, required to reduce or you can't even shut down production. see the portrait of Chairman Mao . The visibility is poor, we can’t take good photos, we’d better leave early.

I used to go for exercising in the park near my neighborhood morning and evening. It is also a chance to meet with my old friends.

But now with the frequency of heavy smog still rising, I feel sick every time I have to stay at home. I miss the days when sky was blue in Beijing!

This specific site location is Fuxing Men Subway Station on west 2 nd Ring Road, Beijing, China

Increased use of coal for heating during winter has been the main factor behind surging levels of P.M 2.5, airborne particles that measure less than The heavy pollution has 2.5 microns in diameter and are induced many residents to especially harmful wear masks over the weekend, to human health, a bad influence on air quality, and Net users joked that said the Beijing visibility and body health residents in North China are Municipal "waiting for the wind" to bring Environmental back a clear sky.

Monitoring Center.

My outdoor job is becoming more and more dangerous.

My wife urges me to quit, but it is hard to say goodbye to the job I loved so much!

poisoned long-lasting transported

N

Fuxing Men Station

0 10 20

50m

BREATHING AT GREEN BARS To affect the above ground city views as less as possible, sub-breathes are built underground and the only above ground facades are dissolved into parks and pavements, thus creating a friendly landscape for outdoor activities in fine weather days.

They line along the subway system, providing a linear city green network.

Sub-breathe IN

Air

Air

Sub-breathe OUT

Air

Air

Air

Air

Phytoremediation

DOWN

DOWN

Suspended Particulate Matter Filters

-1F FLOOR PLAN 0 1 2

5m

R.S./Fine Particle Filters

Exhibitional Glass Wall

P.M 2.5-Free Indoor Activities

-2F FLOOR PLAN Sub-breathe Measurements: 100 µg/m3 (pm10 : Respirable Suspended Particles) 50 µg/m3 (pm2.5: Fine Particles) 28 C° (Room Temperature)

N GROUND FLOOR PLAN 18

Standards: Heavily Polluted 400 Polluted 300 Slightly Polluted 200 Acceptable 150 Fine 100 Good 50 Purified 200 150 75 50 100 30 35 32 28 25 30 25

0 1 2 5m Floor Area: 3,700m 2 Vegetation Coverage on ground level: 89% One-way air pipes for Breathe-in process: 6 One-way air pipes for Breathe-out process: 5 Power for breathing processes: Piston Effect Power for electrostatic precipitators: City Grid Power for heating and cooling: Geothermal

19

Tsinghua East Street Station - Line 15 Tsinghua University Campus

Huixinxi Street North Station - Line 5 Residential Area Wangjing West Station - Line 13+15 Residential Area

BREATHING IN METROPOLIS ¡ BEIJING ¡ SUBWAYS Subways stretch to every corner of the city, and hence sub-breathe will have a full coverage of this troubled metropolis. With each unit cleanning up surrounding pollutants, especially those generated by petrol-oriented automobiles, the general air quality of the city will be significantly improved.

Changchun Bridge Station - Line 10 Residential Area Renmin University of China Station - Line 4 City Campus

Liufang Station - Line 13 City Campus

Nanluoguxiang Station - Line 6+8 Old Hutong Zhangzizhong Street Station - Line 5 Residential Area - Hutong

SUB BREATHE

BEIJING METRO

Xisi Station - Line 2 Residential Area - Hutong

Hujialou Station - Line 6+10 Residential Area

CITY LUNGS

THE BREATHING TRIO In the urban scale, the design could be applied to more metro stations as an urban regeneration course. The detailed design of each station depends on the adjoining environment, and could be carried out as an experiment of public consultation. There could be at least three different kinds of functions.

[1] The first kind is education-oriented, which is located in areas with existing cultural and educational institutions like universities, and could be used for temporary exhibitions of environmental consciousness and green lifestyle.

[2] The second is sports-oriented, normally close to centralized residential areas. It will provide clean resorts for the growing needs for daily workout of citizens.

[3] The third kind is park-oriented, left mostly green as a linear park to connect existing parks in the city.

They will work together to create a greener and more public city in Beijing.

Tian'anmen East Station - Line 1 National Museum

Military Museum Station - Line 1+9 Military Museum

Zhushikou Station - Line 7 Residential Area - Hutong

Shuangjing Station - Line 7+10 Residential Area

EXISTING URBAN LAYOUT Cultural and Educational Nodes Residential Areas

It's a forward-looking concept with intention to create a utopia that everyone wish to see and to bring hope for a high quality of life within metropolises.

Green Spaces

SUB-BREATHE DIVERSITY Education + Leisure Workout + Leisure

DOMINIQUE PERRAULT Urban Environment Design, 2013(12), P110-111

Park + Leisure

N

20

Gongyixi Bridge Station - Line 4 Residential Area Keyi Street Station - Line 9 Residential Area

0 0.1

0.5

1km

21

CHAPTER 2 A PARTICIPATORY URBAN DIAGNOSIS 03 URBAN MIXING

03 A PARTICIPATORY DIAGNOSIS: URBAN MIXING REMAPPING AND VISUALIZING OF METROPOLITAN PROBLEMS STOKE-ON-TRENT, UK / [Re_MAP]ICU, B.Arch 5th Year Studio, MSA, 09-11/2011

We are equally faced with survival crisis caused by environmental deterioration, housing shortage etc. Therefore, attention to basic living condition of human beings is a global and contemporary issue, With the advancement in techonologies of data obtaining, which leads to the discovery of unknown dimensions of cities, more comprehensive data allows us to take diversified individuals into account, and to address urban problems with greater precision.

Tutor: Nick Dunn, Richard Brook, Vickram Kaushal My work: Concept 40%, Analysis 80%, Model 50% Collaborative Design / Partners: Carrie Bayley, Luke Butcher, Jack Stewart, Preeya Vadgama

Cities are facing unprecedented demographic, environmental, economic, social and spatial challenges. Mindsets, policies, and approaches towards urbanization need to change in order for the growth of cities and urban areas to be turned into opportunities that will leave nobody behind.

--UN HABITAT A FRAGMENTED WORLD COMPOSED OF WHAT GREAT METROPOLISES OF OUR AGE HAVE BEEN SUFFERING FROM

22

Any change within the built environment requires policy makers, planners, developers and citizens to make informed decisions to shape their community. However each of these stakeholders will have different views about the course of that development and as such a common understanding of the underlying systems that shape these processes is required. Working on the basis that a vibrant built environment is one in which people will want to live, work and play in, it must possess a diverse range of facilities, programs and infrastructures. As such the performance of the Urban Mix is called into question using the Urban Mixing Toolkit to Identify this mix and to present possibilities for tuning the importance of its constituent parts.

23

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The Community Strategy for t h e C i t y o f S t o k e - o n - Tr e n t w a s adopted in 2004 and identified six key priorities: A Healthier City A Safer City A Wealthier City A Greener City A Learning City A City with a Strong Sense of Community

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A Pilot Study in Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

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Therefore, those six themes are used to describe the contemporary built environment of Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent.

A range of indicators to determine the performance of any one location in an urban area can be described as fitting into a wider theme above, and thus constitute the subject of data mapping in the field.

10

A Learning City

A Wealthier City

A Greener City

A City with a Strong Sense of Community

Thematic Indicators

1 Neighbourhood Watch Scheme 2 CCTV 3 Police Support Presence 4 Road Street Lighting 5 Road Safety Signs 6 Road Pedestrian Priority 7 Gates / Fences 8 Passive Surveillance

8 6 8 5 9 4 7 8

1 University 2 Schools 3 Colleges 4 Private Learning Centre 5 Public Learning Centre

10 10 10 10 10

1 New Shop Opening Signs 2 Closing Down Shop / Business Signs 3 Open Shops & Businesses 4 Closed Shops & Businesses 5 Job Adverts 6 Private Transport Stops / Stations 7 Public Transport Stops / Stations 8 Signs of Investment

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

1 Promotion of Sustainability 2 Public Recyling Opportunities 3 Bins 4 Litter Problem 5 Parks 6 Public Play Spaces 7 Planned Landscapes 8 Trees 9 Cycle Routes 10 Public Transport 11 Turbines / Solar Panels etc 1 Community Boards / Bulletins 2 Different Community Groups 3 Street Furniture (Talkscapes) 4 Commuity Centred Structures 5 Area for Shared Experience 6 Community Tailored Adverts 7 Communications, Convos., Meetings 8 Public Meeting Space 9 Private Meeting Spae

Data Base

A simple survey of “Yes” or “No” questions is then conducted in the field, collecting information about each data point. Once the survey is completed, the data is transferred onto the Urban Mixing Software. “Yes” answers are recorded as a “1” and “No” answers as a “0”.

The software is set up so that each data point is assigned a unique identity.

8 6 8 5 9 7 5 7 8 6 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Interactive Manipulation

Input

Interactive Manipulation

Indicator Data Set (d)

+

assigned to Indicator

Weighting

Discussion on importance of each indicator 24

#1 3.25 #2 2.78 #3 3.36 #4 2.80 #5 3.17 #6 3.01 #7 2.80 #8 3.22 #9 3.69 #10 3.91 #11 3.28 #12 3.12 #13 2.17 #14 3.69 #15 3.14 #16 4.35 #17 2.91 #18 2.25 #19 2.91 #20 2.89 #21 3.15 #22 2.35 #23 2.49 #24 3.93 #25 3.03 #26 2.26 #27 2.48 #28 1.98 #29 4.32 #30 3.46 #31 2.95 #32 2.63 #33 2.99 #34 2.61 #35 1.84 #36 4.24 #37 1.42 #38 4.07 #39 2.66 #40 2.34 #41 3.15 #42 2.77 #43 2.08 #44 2.59 #45 3.09 #46 4.29 #47 2.44 #48 3.18 #49 3.17 #50 4.62 #51 5.04 #52 3.36 #53 3.83 #54 4.48 #55 3.68 #56 3.66 #57 2.19 #58 1.33 #59 2.42 #60 1.71 #61 1.25 #62 2.57

4

9

8

6

7

6

5

5

7

4

3

7

2

1

7

0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

A Safer City

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Theme Score (0-10)

A Healthier City

1 Signage Advocating Good Health 2 Obseity 3 Cigarette References 4 References to Fast Food 5 References to Alcohol 6 Cycle Lanes 7 Main Mode of Transport 8 Parks 9 Childrens Centres 10 Exercise Spaces / Gym

Data Point

∑(d×Wd) Ts= ×10 ∑Wd

(Wd)

Interactive Manipulation

Output Stage 1 Theme Score (Ts)

+

Weighting assigned to Themes

(Wt)

∑(TS×Wt) Ps= ∑Wt

Dynamic Output A Performance Score provides a weighted summation that measures the performance of any location in an urban area, incorporating contextual issues in the form of thematic indicators.

Output Stage 2 Performance Score (Ps)

Discussion on importance of each theme based on social value judgement or individual preference

METHODOLOGY

25

PERFORMANCE MAP

Performance map provides an accessible format which can be understood by all stakeholders and it is this map which serves as a tool for building a common understanding of the built environment.

Different stakeholders can be empowered and align their actions towards a common, sustainable future that maximizes the potential and the performance of the built environment.

Health 3 Safety 1 Learning 10 Wealth 2 Green 10 Community 0

Health 10 Safety 0 Learning 4 Wealth 6 Green 4 Community 0

Health 7 Safety 3 Learning 4 Wealth 7 Green 4 Community 0

Health 5 Safety 2 Learning 2 Wealth 7 Green 5 Community 1

Health 5 Safety 3 Learning 2 Wealth 7 Green 5 Community 2

Health 10 Safety 0 Learning 9 Wealth 6 Green 4 Community 0

Health 2 Safety 5 Learning 10 Wealth 2 Green 10 Community 1

Health 2 Safety 5 Learning 4 Wealth 1 Green 8 Community 2

Health 3 Safety 2 Learning 2 Wealth 4 Green 3 Community 3

Health 3 Safety 4 Learning 2 Wealth 6 Green 5 Community 4

Health 5 Safety 2 Learning 8 Wealth 7 Green 3 Community 8

Health 7 Safety 6 Learning 10 Wealth 0 Green 10 Community 4

Health 5 Safety 6 Learning 6 Wealth 2 Green 5 Community 5

Health 5 Safety 2 Learning 8 Wealth 7 Green 3 Community 8

Health 9 Safety 8 Learning 8 Wealth 4 Green 9 Community 6

Health 9 Safety 8 Learning 4 Wealth 5 Green 2 Community 6

Health 7 Safety 8 Learning 4 Wealth 2 Green 2 Community 6

Health 3 Safety 7 Learning 2 Wealth 2 Green 5 Community 5

Health 0 Safety 6 Learning 2 Wealth 0 Green 2 Community 5

Health 0 Safety 6 Learning 2 Wealth 0 Green 2 Community 5

Health 1 Safety 0 Learning 1 Wealth 0 Green 1 Community 9

Health 1 Safety 0 Learning 2 Wealth 0 Green 1 Community 9

Health 2 Safety 1 Learning 0 Wealth 1 Green 0 Community 10

Health 0 Safety 0 Learning 0 Wealth 0 Green 0 Community 10

Health 3 Safety 1 Learning 10 Wealth 2 Green 10 Community 0

LAYER 1 PERFORMANCE SCORE Performance Scores can be used to draw comparisons between different locations using the six thematic indicators. The lower the Performance Score the worse performing that data point is, in the opinion of that particular stakeholder, and as such it will require targeted investment to raise the performance of that area.

Health 5 Safety 7 Learning 4 Wealth 3 Green 5 Community 6

Health 6 Safety 8 Learning 4 Wealth 3 Green 3 Community 7

Health 5 Safety 9 Learning 2 Wealth 7 Green 3 Community 9

However the scores alone are limiting when simply compared in a tabular format. A visualisation of the scores is required in the form of Performance Maps.

Each score can be modified so that each weighting reflects the personal preferences of that stakeholder, based on their own value judgements. Mapping these scores makes legible the underlying patterns of urban behaviour and serves as a tool for building a common understanding of the built environment. Revealing the interconnectedness of these environments has the potential to highlight and determine the level of strategic development or infrastructural improvement required in an area to improve its performance. As such the Performance Maps generated are dynamic representations, providing an integrated framework that is possible to operate at multiple scales.

Health 5 Safety 9 Learning 2 Wealth 7 Green 3 Community 9

Health 3 Safety 10 Learning 2 Wealth 1 Green 3 Community 9

LAYER 2 PERCEIVED COLOR Each image taken on data points will be analyzed and assigned one of three colors - Red, Green or Blue.

Red will highlight built up / residential areas, Green will highlight 'green' space and Blue will highlight empty or grey spaces when the performance map is published.

The color will be decided based on average RGB values within the image, thus reducing the information contained within to a basic form.

built up/residential areas

empty or grey spaces

Health 0 Safety 0 Learning 0 Wealth 0 Green 0 Community 10

green space

LAYER 3 URBAN SECTION Surrounding built environment has great impact on how people feel, which can be typically represented by a series of sections of each data points.

26

Health 3 Safety 1 Learning 3 Wealth 1 Green 2 Community 10

Health 2 Safety 2 Learning 2 Wealth 1 Green 1 Community 9

27

URBAN MIXING LAUNCH Presenter: Zhekun Xiong, Carrie Bayley, Luke Butcher, Jack Stewart, Preeya Vadgama November 4, 2011 fri. / msa,JD Shed, Manchester, UK

AN INSTALLATION OF GRAPHIC VISUALIZATION steel wire hanger

The Fenton Five built an installation to demonstrate the Urban Mixing Toolkit. A map showing the Performance Score for each data collection point was projected onto a hung piece of perspex, on to which attached a series of sections, depicting the route. dynam

ic outp

ut

perform

ance m

ap

projec

tor

stakeh

proce

olders

ssor

Interactive Scenario 1 perspex route map

input

URBAN MIXING ¡ INSTALLATION

AN ENGAGEMENT WITH STAKEHOLDERS There are two degrees of interactivity that allow stakeholders to control the weightings used in the two stages of the calculation. In the first stage users can control the weights assigned to individual indicators and in the second the weights assigned to the themes. This has the affect of generating a weighted Performance Score that is unique to each stakeholder based on their own preferences. The six weightings for each thematic indicator could be changed as part of ongoing a debate, encouraging discussion about how importantly each theme is valued.

Planner

Developer

Citizen

Paul Gallacher

Sam Morris

Emma Gibson

"Education level is out of balance within different areas in the city."

" We a l t h i e r a r e a s h a v e m u c h potential for a commercial complex."

"Green space is essential and basic for lifestyle."

Plan the right mix for an area depending upon its current mix and model scenarios for new development.

Determine the right Urban Mix for new projects. Identify market opportunities within under-capacity or underutilized areas.

Make informed and intelligent consumer decisions about lifestyle choices. Improve understanding of urban policy issues.

BUILT ENVIRONMENT

INDICATORS & ANALYSIS

data points route sections perceived colors

Interactive Scenario 2

PERFORMANCE MAP - Interactive Installation

STAKEHOLDERS

DECISION-MAKING TOOL

connected to processor

扚

Theme Weightings' Buttons

A TOOLKIT FOR PRODUCT MARKETING The Urban Mixing Toolkit is a flexible decision-making tool designed to help stakeholders engage with one another in the processes that shape the built environment in which they live, facilitate discussions, and develop a shared set of understanding about what each stakeholder values most.

Undertaking such an analysis comprehensively for an entire urban region can help determine the level of investment required to improve that areas performance and, most importantly, inform that decision-making process and engagement with all stakeholders.

Keyboard Insert CD

28

Print Surveys

Collect Data

Input & Visualize

Engage

CONTROL PAD - Custom Built

29

CHAPTER 3 S/M/L METHODOLOGIES 04 SQUEEZING

The problem with population growth has been a major threat to human society since brought forward by Thomas R. Malthus. According to UN statistics, the number of the homeless is approximately 100 million. It calls for more efficient housing solutions with equity and diversity, especially for the homeless, migrant workers, refugees etc.

05 MOBILIZING

Informal economy such as temporary markets and floating vendors is now a crucial issue in the third world. It provides income for subsistence for small retailers but causes various social problems in the city, including traffic jam and deteriorating hygienic conditions. To increase its mobility and vitality while keep it in order is a major challenge for modern architects and planners.

06 PROLONGING

The fast and shortsighted development in cities in the recent decades has left behind many abandoned industrial areas. In the Post-industrial Age, the regeneration of these industrial heritages to prolong its urban functions will not only be an efficient economic development, but also become an opportunity to transform the existing urban fabrics in a more sustainable way.

04 SQUEEZING: BOGOTA IN DUALITY A COLOMBIAN HOUSING-LANDSCAPE COMPLEX IN-BETWEEN OLD AND NEW BOGOTA, COLOMBIA / M.ARCH STUDIO, AIAC WORKSHOP, 03-08/2014 HONORABLE MENTION, UIA-HYP CUP INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION Tutor: CHENG Xiaoqing, ZOU Huan Individual Design Area: 12,300m 2

BOGOTA CAPITAL AREA / NEW TOWN population 7.8 million / total area 158,700 ha green space 4.3m 2 / ha

TO PUT THE PIECES OF PEOPLE, THE ARCHITECTURE AND THE CITY BACK TOGETHER LA CANDELARIA / OLD TOWN population 93 thousand / total area 191 ha green space 1.4m 2 /ha

A GREEN PATH to Mount Monserrate

In-between Old and New Bogota, Colombia 30

31

NEW TOWN

OLD TOWN

SQUEEZING IN AN URBAN JUNGLE

32

Situated at the edge of the old town and the new town in Bogota, Colombia, the building seeks for an unexpected form and landscape in between tradition and future, memory and innovation, which is in accordance with the "Colombian duality" written by the greatest Colombian writer Gabriel JosĂŠ MĂĄrquez. Representing both a traditional hometown with great energy and a future park shared with the city, It provides green scenery for the dry old town, while reminds the new town of old treasures.

Saluting to the past and waving to the future, the building tries to ignite imagination through juxtaposition and collision of the duality by combining wildness with high-density and creating spontaneity within order. It is a place where activities,communications and art innovations arise.

SQUEEZING IN A VERTICAL COMMUNITY

NEW

OLD

Waving to the Future

Saluting to the Past

33

A MICRO-CITY OF RECYCLED MATERIALS Standing at the edge of the new and the old city, the building is designed as a merge of spatial and functional characteristics of both sides, trying to stimulate communication and chemistry between social classes. The model itself, using recycled daily materials, also resonates with this orientation.

SQUEEZING IN DUALITY

SQUEEZING IN-BETWEEN

The building in duality provides a link between a wild green park and a crowded vivid city. From one side, a vertical grid made up of "districts", "squares" and "landmarks" reminds the gentrified people in the new town of the memories of old heritage. While from the other side, a thick green wall with vertical linking freeways and entertaining facilities symbolizes the jungle of Colombia, making it a nice park for the dense old city.

In between the "city" and the "forest" lies the transitional space, which contains necessary public and traffic functions, such as the entrance lobby with more accessibility to both parts of the building. A delicate structural system is designed to integrate the vertical green wall with the apartment building. Hanging stairs are inserted on these steel struts to link between different courtyards and public space.

Vertical City Districts

Courtyard Passages

Public Landmarks

Auditorium Apartment - 'House' Library

Courtyard- 'Square'

Swimming Pool Staircase- 'Street'

Bar Cafe

How to keep old-town memories?

Grow from OLD TOWN

The vertical city image made up of squares, districts and landmarks, is also the incubator of the spontaneous activities in the old town city.

Vertical Forest

Jungle Freeway

Face toward NEW TOWN

Entertaining Parks

Spiral Up Cafe Climbing

Mini Golf Outdoor Amphitheater

How to build a park in the old city?

Grow from NEW TOWN

A continuous promenade namely “Jungle Freeway” links courtyards and public space, making an energetic system shared with the city.

Face toward OLD TOWN

To Mount Monserrate

Public Courtyard To City Center

Up to Rooftop Inner Courtyard

N

SITE PLAN

0 10 20

50m

SECTIONAL VIEW

I Love Living Here!

1000mm laminated wood beam 3mm perforated zinc plate 400mm secondary beam irrigation pipeline vegetation bag

Stay With Nature!

stainless steel pin 240mm stainless steel strut 16mm suspension rod 100mm sandblasted brick facing insulation and waterproof 200mm profiled steel sheet×2 DETAIL DESIGN

34

35

SQUEEZING IN DIVERSITY

The apartments offer maximized capacity while creating the spatial diversity for the dynamic community. Various compositions of the same module in the building create five basic apartment types with a compact but decent floor area, reserving plenty of possibilities for living and working functions. The cells are designed to stimulate public vitality through the merging of diverse actors, with optimal shared space for roommates inside the apartments as well as for welcomed citizens in public facilities.

20F

Dating

20F

Doing Yoga

20F

Gardening

19F

Partying

MODULES AND PUBLIC SPACE m

oriu udit

CONTINUOUS FLOOR PLANS

01

5

10m

2

m

240

A

2

m

18F

Drinking

n erso

43 1 ent oom×

rtm

Apa

2

Relaxing

Unit2 Courtyard6

m

412 ool gP in imm Sw

1-P 17F

gr livin oom×1 r bed en×1 1 h kitc room× th a b

Unit1 Courtyard1

18F

Unit 2 Courtyard 6

2

14F

13F

Exercising

son Per

Playing Basketball

Jogging

rtm

Apa

n

4-P

79m1

× om g ro livin oom×2 r d e b ×1 y stud en×1 1 h kitc room× ny×1 o th ba en balc d gar 2

2-

erso

13F

ent

ent

tm

r Apa

91m×1

om g ro livin oom×3 r bed ×1 y stud en×1 1 h kitc room× th a b

Bar

12F

Dancing

12F

Swimming

10F

Climbing

Discussing

07F

Reading

07F

2

2

m

240 ary Libr

e

5-P

Unit1 Courtyard7

2

01F

Banking

01F

Karaoking

02F

Shopping

01F

Performing

127

13F

Bar

×1 om g ro livin oom×4 r bed ×2 y stud en×1 2 h kitc room× ny×1 o bath en balc d r ga 2

m

n erso

Eating

nt

e artm

p

A rson

Gifting

15F

16F

m 120

m

08F

Unit1 Courtyard5

Unit2 Courtyard12

5-P

ent

rtm

Apa

127

×2 om g ro livin oom×4 r bed ×2 y stud en×1 1 h kitc room× ny×1 o th ba en balc d gar

2

m

160 e Caf

Unit2 Courtyard9

Residence Entrance Mode

Unit1 Courtyard8

10F

20F

16F

11F

07F

0

1 2

SECTION 36

Unit2 Courtyard11

5m 03F

Library

08F

37

SQUEEZING IN A COLORFUL LIFE 20F

SQUEEZING IN AN URBAN JUNGLE

Auditorium

SQUEEZING IN A VERTICAL COMMUNITY

As jungle typically represents South American habitat, a vertical landscape streches from the ground to the rooftop with stairways connecting every public space and housing courtyard.

16F

Spontaneity rules this "vertical city" in the old-town regular grid. You will arrive the sky courtyard before entering any apartment where colombian residents meet there, making it a city park, a sports field and a grafitti museum etc.

Stairway to Courtyard No.13

12F

Continuous Stairway

4F

Stairway to Rooftop

1F

38

19F

Rooftop Garden

Entrance

11F

Swimming Pool

4F

Courtyard No.10

9F

Viewing Platform

2F

Spiral Slope

39

05 MOBILIZING: ARCHITECTURE ON WHEELS A MOTORCADE SYSTEM OF INFORMAL ECONOMY FOR TRADERS' SUBSISTENCE DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA / THE 3RD PLACE, XXV UIA INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION, 03-05/2014 My Work: Team Leader / Concept 50%, Analysis 80%, Model 50%, Rendering 60% Collaborative Design / Partners: LIU Fangshuo, WU Xuyang

N RBAilities, U D c N, ipal fa st

he nic IO NCTtraders, lactk coof smt uand tmheothoigrcadoe U J t s w rmal ntial CK e lea a ne

RWI, hundredscoofnindfoition wbituhseths, formY,inags it hasOpCoAteLITY, as A W d GL ow s bad ILIT E. ple fl ys an it MOB ions;

LANres as hugee ispetoo imprrivoinveg from ntrtoalldevantaitghesm: ultiple afutendctto the world R E a s e tu in T TURE HEA as such feamain purpao solution dome signifiecnt events ewis dissem ITEC

T

r h e has s in diffe me tim ction rward e. Th k Jun f land us n puts fo is system involved at the sa ic w r d h e ig n T Wa nsion o s b a . e , s n ca ntry cale te he d and ability. T ifferent s SITY, as it f the cou TURE o d in R ITEC susta in three ere; DIVE eryday life RCH ART A C v m h ON syste d otherw om the e fr se be u ly derives E R p CTU N it dee HITE ARC UNDATIO O ON F

H ARC HEELS ON W

UIA COMMENT “THE MOST PROPER REFLECTION OF THE COMPETITION THEME - ARCHITECTURE OTHERWHERE” Another way of occupying the site, strategic intervention extending the possibilities along Theatre lane.

Looking at the temporal appropriation of space and in doing so opening new opportunities to re-imagine the street environment and extend trading time.

40

41

N

WHY ON WHEELS

0 10 50

100m

WE NEED STORAGE SPACE AND WE'D LIKE TO KEEP OUR STORAGE SAFE.

Unemployment Rates in South Africa by alternative definition and gender

TROLLEY &CART

WE NEED A CHEAP SAFE BED HERE, BUT WE'D PREFER TO SLEEP BACK HOME BETTER.

TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION ?

SAFE STORAGE ?

WE NEED TAPS AND SEWERS, BUT PAVING THEM UNDERGROUND IS TOO MUCH TROUBLE.

50%

BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE ?

20%

Unemployment Rates in South Africa by different worker group 45.0% KwaZulu Natal (Incl. Durban)

Females All Persons

40%

Males 30%

48.1% Afircan

1995

TAXI

1999

66.2% Age 21-25 years

2003

A CRISIS OF JOB UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA Unemployment increased inexorably over this period basically because economic growth which averaged only 2.7% per annum, and less than 1 percent per annum in per capita terms, was insufficient for the creation of enough jobs to absorb the growth in the labour force.

Taxi Stop

Countries: Employment in Informal Economy, latest year available (millions)

Bus Station

MINIBUS

Formal Market Business Train Shuttle Bus Food Market

Warwick Junction

1.48

8.25

5.13

0.14

0.14

32.50

6.33

Dominique

Egypt

Venezuela

Armenia

Slovenia

Brazil

Yemen

2009: 1.28 2010: 1.63 2011: 1.66 2012: 1.74 2013: 1.93

2009: 7.38 2010: 7.36 2011: 8.12 2012: 9.13 2013: 9.88

2009: 4.64 2010: 5.23 2011: 5.01 2012: 4.99 2013: 5.20

2009: 0.04 2010: 0.05 2011: 0.14 2012: 0.17 2013: 0.20

2009: 0.13 2010: 0.15 2011: 0.14 2012: 0.14 2013: 0.15

2009: 29.83 2010: 27.63 2011: 33.44 2012: 32.10 2013: 34.55

2009: 6.21 2010: 6.72 2011: 6.11 2012: 7.04 2013: 6.59

17.17

0.12

15.78

0.09

20.25

9.64

Vietnam

Namibia

Russia

Mauritius

Mexico

Kazakhstan

2009: 15.28 2010: 13.99 2011: 18.80 2012: 14.74 2013: 17.33

2009: 0.10 2010: 0.11 2011: 0.13 2012: 0.13 2013: 0.12

2009: 16.24 2010: 15.71 2011: 15.59 2012: 15.24 2013: 15.23

2009: 0.04 2010: 0.06 2011: 0.07 2012: 0.09 2013: 1.04

2009: 17.11 2010: 19.75 2011: 21.56 2012: 20.74 2013: 21.06

2009: 9.08 2010: 9.05 2011: 10.52 2012: 11.14 2013: 10.93

9.31

4.90

1.60

7.17

2.70

1.72

4.09

Colombia

Turkey

Tanzania

Peru

Algeria

Oman

South Africa

2009: 7.58 2010: 8.12 2011: 9.61 2012: 9.90 2013: 10.04

2009: 3.92 2010: 4.55 2011: 5.04 2012: 4.95 2013: 5.17

2009: 1.00 2010: 1.04 2011: 1.47 2012: 1.70 2013: 1.97

2009: 6.10 2010: 5.09 2011: 6.88 2012: 7.99 2013: 8.78

2009: 1.28 2010: 1.63 2011: 1.66 2012: 1.74 2013: 1.93

2009: 1.77 2010: 1.66 2011: 1.68 2012: 1.75 2013: 1.71

2009: 2.99 2010: 3.63 2011: 3.77 2012: 4.88 2013: 4.19

Durban Metropolitan Area, South Africa: Employment in Informal Economy

Music Market

Trolley Market

+20,000 street traders Terminal Market

West Street Cemetry

+14,000 jobs on trading

+500 MILLION rands spent in informal sector

INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT BOOST IN DURBAN: STREET TRADERS Bus Stop

BUS

The informal economy makes an important contribution to the economic and social life of Durban.The significant role the informal economy plays in job creation becomes clear, when one considers that there were 20,000 street traders in the Durban Metropolitan area.

Car Wash Spot

Bus Station

Minibus Stop

Durban City: the base of all activities

Transport Industry: taxis, buses, trains bring people to the CBD

Informal Trade: depend on the transport industry to bring in customers and business opportunities Taxi Stop

Informal Traders as Employers: barrow boys, drivers, stall assistants and security guards

Truck Stop

TRUCK & VAN

ON WHEELS Pont of Durban DURBAN's CHAOTIC MAP OF WHEELS - INFORMAL ECONOMY Warwick junction is one of the busiest areas in Durban, full of trolleys, taxis, minibuses, buses, and trucks. This map of wheels is associated with the distribution of informal economy, since most drivers of the vehicles are also vendors and businessmen. The fast-growing and unregulated economy gives rise to a chaotic urban environment with crowded traffic and bad hygienic conditions, calling for immediate solutions to bring it in order while keeping its original vitality.

42

THE INFORMAL MARKET ECONOMY AS “ECO-SYSTEM” Interlinked and Interdependent

43

CALE S L L SMA EGIES T S T R AB I L I T Y O

BY M

TION

NC K JU

e ce orag siden or st f s y ry re e a r ll o o r r dt da emp ints rts an ers' t In an of ca nchor po into stroll ses g in n a bu n of uses desig uttle 1.Re mentatio smaller b hour sh le f e t 2.Imp ification o rly and la d a 3.Mo ision of e v o r P .

4

IC

W WAR ound

WARWICK JUNCTION Warwick junction is a dynamic trade and transport hub in the heart of Durban's inner city.

Rigorous, colourful and noisy, it is a nucleus of activity and movement for hundred of thousands of people every day. This transport node provides a setting for predominantly informal traders at an unprecedented scale.

SMALL-SCALE INTERVENTION In the small-scale intervention, we focus on the change for carts and buses. Our motorcade system is composed of two different parts. One is about tools like utility carts and trolleys, which are of different types to satisfy people’s needs, including a number of informal sellers, car washers, transport workers, barbers, children, recyclers etc. The other is to solve the problem of traffic, bad condition and environment by small modifications to minibuses and buses. With this method we try to solve the resilience problems as well as focus on the ecology and sustainability.

Theater Lane Warwick Junction

DIFFERENT PROFESSIONS ON WHEELS

BUS TYPES

We have analyzed different traders and their needs. Based on their different requirements, we propose different trolleys and carts and ways of locking up for them.

We choose buses for its bigger space and potential to change.

Buses can not only be used as a transportation tool, but also a small stroller for people who can’t go home at night, a classroom for education and meeting, a mobile infrastructure including water, restrooms, storage, electricity and so on.

Clothes Saler

Taxi Washer & Repairman

Barber

Porter

Clay Wholesaler

ON-SITE IMPLEMENTATIONS (WITHIN 1 DAY) The on site implementation consisting mainly of anchor points for traders to lock their lockable trading carts wherever they want, hence providing a mobile storage, which can follow those informal traders to everywhere.

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL REFITTING BUS

Mega Storer

Essential Version 1.0

Trolleys can be hung and locked on the buses. Buses can provide enough space for a great number of merchants as well as their trolleys and goods.

Mobile Clinic

ATER IN W

g RA

ectin r coll

es fo

Slop

ECOLOGY STRATEGIES The buses used to be modified are SECOND-HANDED.

Essential Version 2.0

The materials used for buildings on buses are RECYCLED by local recyclers.

Clean water source 1: TAP WATER Dirt Source: TOILET

ater

nw Clea

Grey water output 1: FLUSHING TOILETS Clean water output: WASHING CARS

IN : RA

ce 2

sour

rce: Sou ater CARS W y Gre SHING WA

Grey water output 2: IRRIGATION OF CEMETERY PLANTS

Stroller's Deluxe

Dirty water output: ORGANIC FERTILIZER (in the countryside)

Sewer Stage No.7

44

45

ALE C S IUM MED EGIES T S T R AE R S I T Y

ADE PA R H E E L S 00 AM 0: W O N y Ave-CBD 1 se

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IV IN D

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JU WICK R A W Y From BAN CIT R U D to

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Y UNIT M M CO HEELS PM W O N -Slum 2:00 Haig

SCH TIME

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CALE S E LARG EGIES T S T R AG L O C A L I T Y WITH

ps/ / sho oilets t c li ub B ls/ p DUR sters hote y r a r r disa From s o e t t p f n a e m of te r civic ev tructure vision fras ajo 1.Pro during m basic in Durban r e o cafes to provid e card f m lp a e n 2.H madic o 3.A n

ITY AN C

eW to th

The motorcade system has a significant difference from other strategies, that is, Mobility. Based on such a great advantage, our motorcade system has vast potentialness for future. Or rather, it can be used for many situations, such as earthquake debris, huge sports show like the World Cups. At the meantime, it can do a great contribution to different one-time events, such as national festivals, rallies and so on, saving lots of resources and energy.

Moreover,with the development of motorcade system, it can be gradually approved as the Postcard of Durban, even of South Africa.

According to its mobility, it can be easily transported to everywhere in the world for communications with other countries.

The flocks knows how to follow the greener grass, and with this mobility provided by Warwick Junction Motorcades, wise merchants of Warwick know how to find more customers elsewhere.

Even after UIA 2014 Durban, this unique solution of urban problems which originated in the Warwick Junction’s domestic needs is so mobile that people of Durban can show their achievement to every architect elsewhere.

In 2000 Sydeny Olympics, in order to provide more beds for the flooding tourists, the local authorities made a request to cruise ships around the world, asking them to anchor at Sydeny Harbour for a month.

A similar tactic can be applied by other concerned bodies, for example, FIFA. With warwick motorcades being capable of providing large amounts of beds/toilets and other facilities, at least Durban/South Africa's football fans won't be troubled by the impossibility of finding affordable hotel beds during such overcrowded events.

Since Warwick's community and basic residence services are composed on wheels, volunteers to those disaster-hit area will find Warwick's ready to become infrastructure readily helpful.

WARWICK's MOTORCADES ARE READY TO SET OFF FROM DURBAN HARBOR This picture depicts a real cargo ship with an imaginary MEGA-INFRASTRUCTURE TRUCK, which carries all the real community ON-WHEEL superheroes on board

Strategy 1 / Olympic Games Strategy 2 / UIA Meetings

Strategy 1&3 / World Cups Strategy 4 / Disasters and Other Dramas

THE WORLD MAP FOR WARWICK's POTENTIAL OTHERWHERE PARTICIPATIONS

DURBAN's NOMADIC NAME CARD 48

OTHERNESS

Gerhard Bruyns believes the ON-WHEEL superheroes of Warwick Junction are ready to help the world.

49

NEW URBAN AIXS

06 PROLONGING: EVENT SPACE A REVITALIZATION OF ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL CULTURE BEIJING, CHINA / GRADUATE STUDIO, BEST GRADUATION PROJECT, 03-07/2013

Old Mount Park Shijingshan Amusement Park

Tutor: HU Rongrui, LU Xiangdong Collaborative Design / Partner: LIU Fangshuo My Work: Concept 50%, Analysis 50%, Model 50%, Rendering 80% Urban Design Area: 140,000m 2 Architectural Design Area: 162,000m 2

Bajiao Park The Monument

BEIJING EAST-WEST AXIS THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE 1

Shougang Pine Trees Park

Beijing Sculpture Park Creative Industry

CITY PARK

THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE 2 Yongding River EVENT SPACE is a regeneration project of the area with abandoned industrial factories in Western Beijing. The site is located in the Capital Steel Group which was the biggest steel corporation in China and has been out of use since 2008.

Water Cube Park

THE CRD REGION

In this design, in order to activate western Beijing's urban space from a city scale, a new urban axis of "City Park" is proposed to construct part of Beijing's Capital Recreation District in the west, connecting surrounding amusement parks and cultural entertainments.

As for old factories, their large span and giant steel structure are viewed as symbols of the once-thriving industrial culture. Therefore in architectural design, the existing structural system is completely saved with delicate preservation and rehabilitative interventions.

Not only is the large span utilized to insert eventful programs such as a theater and art exhibitions, but also50the space is designed to fully show its industrial character and to prolong its vitality in the era of urbanization.

N

0 100 200

500m

WESTERN BEIJING's NEW AXIS PROPOSAL

1970s CAPITAL STEEL GROUP

The worship of fire and steel as revolutionary virtues during MAO's era has led to a weird urban composition which placed China's National Crematorium and Cemetery right next to the country's largest steel plant at the end of Beijing's most prestigious east-west axis.

MAIN PLANT OF CAPITAL STEEL GROUP

SITE 图THE E SPAC T N EVE

Beijing's Capital Recreation District is part of strategic city planning, aiming to develop an urban area with the focus on commerce, conventions, exhibitions, leisure parks and other entertainments.

BABAOSHAN NATIONAL CREMATORIUM

2000s CITY RECREATIONAL DISTRICT

Due to a rare collaboration between the government and the environmentalists, the CAPITAL STEEL GROUP was forced to terminate its production in Beijing and has abandoned its entire site by the end of 2008.

SHIJINGSHAN BABAOSHAN AMUSEMENT PARK NATIONAL CREMATORIUM

FUTURE A NEW URBAN AXIS OF MEMORY AND CREATIVITY

To accommodate the wide range of events that are going to take place surrounding the site, as well as to provide more employment during the transformation of industries, a new urban axis is proposed by this design.

CAPTIAL STEEL BABAOSHAN HERITAGE PARK NATIONAL CREMATORIUM 2nd PHASE

CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

50

ERTONG PLANT OF CAPITAL STEEL GROUP

HAPPY WATER CUBE PARK

EVENT SPACE CITY LABORATORY

51

CITY PARK

CITY LAB

an AMUSEMENT PARK for RELAXING

Co. PARK

a CULTURAL COMPLEX for EDUCATING

Co. LAB

a THEME SQUARE for MARKETING

OUTDOOR REGENERATION

an OFFICE WORKSHOP for CREATING

[1] EXISTING Creative Office

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, in order to develop heavy industry, hundreds of factories were built in capital Beijing, including Shougang Group. But since 2008, the factory plants were gradually out of use. The target building of the project is the largest plant in the Ertong factory district.

The plant is featured with large span and giant structure system, which are mainly concrete truss. Brick walls composed the envelope of the plant, and are seriously damaged because of poor maintenance.

Monument Grand Woods Hotel

Park

Show Square Residence

Convention Center(3/4F)

Labyrinth

Creative office

Metro

Industrial Buildings

Beijing Axis

Exhibition(3F)

Partyland

Media Center(1F)

Training Center Apex Theater

Magic House

Flea Market

[2] PROGRAMMING AND INTERACTING

Food Court Shopping Mall

DIY Salon

Crazyland

To make the complex more readable and accessible, part of the existing L-shape building is torn down to make the program into four parallel parts: City Park, City Lab, Co. Park and Co. Lab. The four programs juxtapose and interact with each other to make a lifeful ensemble. Inside the ‘City Lab’, several pedestrian passages are reserved to facilitate the communication between the two parks. The ‘Co. Park’ lies at the center of the two labs, capable of hosting big events such as flea markets, outdoor salons and parties to increase the interaction between the two labs.

UN Studio

N

CITY PARK: Building Area: 15,832m2

Building Density: 15%

Greening Rate: 78%

Building Density: 70%

Greening Rate: 9%

FAR: 0.23

Parking Space: 45

CITY LAB: Building Area: 66,223m2

FAR: 2.98

Parking Space: 2+129(UG)

Co. PARK: Greening Rate: 30%

Co. LAB: 52

Parking Space: 70 2

Building Area: 79,945m

Building Density: 40%

0

Greening Rate: 24%

FAR: 2.55

Parking Space: 18+285(UG)

5 10

20m

SITE PLAN

BIRD VIEW OF EVENT SPACE

53

FIREWORK CELEBRATION From Co. LAB to CITY PARK

THEME PARK BALLOON PARTY From CITY PARK to Co. LAB 54

55

INDOOR REGENERATION - A REFRESHING / EVENTFUL CITY LAB Old Column 'ZERO' Removed Gym

Poker Room Banquet Hall

Snack Bar

Poker Room

Chinese Restaurant Karaoke

Western Restaurant

Swimming Pool

Cafe

Zone A

Hotel 42 Parking Space

Bar

Hotel & Convention Center Lobby

Typical Floor Convention Center

Convention Center

Cafe

Theater Lobby

Exhibition

Media Center

Rehearsal Room

3.5F Zone B

Backstage

Theater 45 Parking Space

Auditorium

Lounge

Lounge

Auditorium

Auditorium

5.5F VIP

Zone C

Market

Commercial Center 42 Parking Space

-1F FLOOR PLAN

Food Court

Food Court

Boutique

1F FLOOR PLAN

2F FLOOR PLAN

3F FLOOR PLAN

4F FLOOR PLAN

0 5 10 20m

CAFE ON THE CRANE

01

5

10m

REVITALIZATION IN THE OLD STRUCTURE The existing structure, an intricate steel work made up of huge columns and trusses, is completely saved for the memory of the industrial heritage. The new building is designed to be a container for recreational and artistic events, such as theater, exhibition, book salon, restaurants, cafe, as well as a standard hotel. It is mainly divided into two sections, the theatre and the hotel, while the two parts are sufficiently linked together to stimulate the vitality of other events.

CAFE ON THE CRANE

BOOK SALON / WOODEN DECK 1F

FILM PREMIERE / THEATER LOBBY 2F

The preservation of the existing structure is more than just a symbolized gesture, but deeply integrated into the functions of the building. Take the “Cafe on the Crane� for example. The cranes used to be an important part of the old steel factory, which were normally demolished in other regeneration projects. While in this design, they would be reused for a cafe in the air, hung on the giant old trusses.

When people sit on the crane, they could not only enjoy the great view of the busy events taking place underneath, but also appreciate the intriguing texture of the old steel work from a close perspective, which is one of the main purposes of the whole regeneration project.

POTENTIAL EVENTS

ART EXHIBITION / LOUNGE 3F 56

CAFE OPENING CEREMONY / CAFE ON THE CRANE 4F

The adaptability of the old structure makes it an ideal backdrop for the colorful potential events happening in the building. For example, the lobby of the theater is contained in a huge span of the trusses, thus capable of hosting grand events such as a film premiere. The dramatic juxtaposition of the rusted old truss and the shining new escalator in some way echoes the vicissitudes depicted in an epic movie.

Moreover, the modern character of the steel structure also melds well with the dynamic atmosphere of modern art, welcoming avant-garde art exhibitions, book salons and cafe opening ceremonies in this diversified space.

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NEW YEAR'S EVE PROGRAMME ¡ CITY LAB

'NEW YEAR's Masquerade' Banquet Hall(2F)

'THE HOBBIT (Special Edition) LAUNCH' Wooden Deck(1F) 'BUY 1 GET 1 FREE' Cafe on the Crane(4F)

'INNOCENT WORLD' by Richard Serra Exhibition Center (3F)

Hotel Lobby(1F) 'MY 2015 STORIES ' by Mark Zuckerberg Convention Center(3/4F)

'Beijing Fashion Week' Glass Deck(2F)

'ON SALE FOR 2016' Food Court(3/4F)+Shopping Mall(1/2F)

Theater Auditorium(2/3/4F) 'SWAN LAKE ' Opera House (2F)

Theater Lobby(2F)

GLASS DECK / 2F

THEATER STAGE / 2F

Hanging Structure

Cafe on the Crane Glass Deck

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Hair Salon

Glass Deck

Bar & Restaurant

THE HANGING STRUCTURE

THE MULTI-FUNCTIONAL THEATER

The complexity of the existing structure has made it hard to insert new functions inside the building. A hanging structure is thus employed to solve this problem. With a pedestrian bridge system hung on the old trusses, we could not only link the originally separated parts of the building to make it a unified and flexible venue, but also offer a chance for people to admire the delicate steel work of the industrial heritage. The floor of the bridge is made of toughened glass, in order to filter sunlight from the roof into lower parts of the interior space. From the structural perspective, the lightness of the glass and the thin stainless-steel cable draws a strong comparison with the heavy trusses, showing a humble attitude of historical preservation. Meanwhile, stress evaluation is emphasized to assure the bearing capacity of the existing structure.

A multi-functional theater is inserted into the largest span of the existing structure.

The size of the theater meets the demands of most genres of performances, whether it will be Tosca, Swan Lake, Beethoven, or an Apple WWDC launch. Thanks to the movable a n d c o m p l i c a t e d s t a g e m a c h i n e r y, t h e theater could be turned easily into an Opera House, a Concert Hall, an Independent Theater, a Media Launch hall, or a T-stage.

Acoustics calculation is also tested to make it possible for different shows. Moreover, the truss span is utilized to make a 24-meterwide Sky Stage, which further expands the possibilities of performance in the theater.

The design of the interior of the theater tries to harmonize with the historical industrial atmosphere, endowing it with a unique character that will stand out in the large number of regular theaters.

Independent Theater

Opera

Media Launch

Concert

T-stage

Diversified Combinations

24m

Sky Stage

Lower Stage

Lounge

Opera House

Backstage Experimental Theater Lounge

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X A LETTER TO NY MAYOR: NY LOW LINE A 1.1-MILE-LONG LINEAR SHELTER HUNG UNDER THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE NEW YORK, USA / HONORABLE MENTION, D3 HOUSING TOMORROW COMPETITION, 01-02/2013 Tutor: ZHANG Yue My Work: Team Leader / Concept 50%, Analysis 40%, Model 80%, Rendering 60% Collaborative Design / Partners: LIU Fangshuo, SUN Mengshi, MIN Jiajian

NY L O eco- W LINE in friend ly w tends parks and ay. It is to re-defi com n mun situated b e New Y al sp aces elow the ork skylin e B for lo w inc rooklyn B and cult u ome r famil idge. By re in a ho ies a nd th hanging rizontal m re e ho mele cycled c anner an ss. ontain d to fi g ers, it pro ht agains tp vides mass overty a s ive a mou well as g nt of r dwell avity in a n ings, publi c

Dear Mayor, Highly praised by you, the original NY HIGH LINE project, as high as its name sounds, has proven to be a beautiful Eden, yet without much regard towards the more urgent needs of the lower class. Thus, we propose the NY LOW LINE in Brooklyn, as a counterpart of NY High Line in west Manhattan.

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LOCATION IS LOW

INCOME IS LOW

NY LOW LINE locates below the Brooklyn Bridge and provides more than just public parks and community spaces. With massive amount of dwelling spaces and close relations with downtown Manhattan, it will be much easier for low income families to travel between home and work.

There are more than 43,000 homeless people seeking shelters every night in New York City, including 17,000 kids.

Low income family housing problems have long been tough and difficult topics and will still be the major challenges facing our metropolis in the predicable future.

Plaza

School

Viewing Platform Market Snack Bar Restaurant

Truss System

Cables

COST IS LOW

WHY IS IT LOW?

This project uses almost zero existing urban land and utilizes recycled shipping containers, which due to the convenient harbor t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n N e w Yo r k C i t y i s quite abundant. Thus limits the total budget of the project, and makes it affordable for low income families.

Cafe Stores

I-Beams

Show Stage

Street

Clinic

Alley Module Structure

Green Space

Public Space

Circulation

61

Dear Mayor, The followings are further reasons for constructing this project.

DENSITY IS HIGH

ALTITUDE IS HIGH

POSSIBILITIES ARE HIGH

QUOTATION RATE IS HIGH

NY LOW LINE will be able to accommodate more than 8,000 homeless people, largely relieving the problems of insecurity, poverty, discrimination and racial conflict in New York City. NY LOW LINE also provides job opportunities along the line, such as public services.

With the span of more than 3,300 feet, the NY LOW LINE surpasses the height of Burj Khalif in Dubai, achieving its goal of a perfect horizontal gravity fight and skyline redefinition. Originally designed 6 times stronger than its actual need, Brooklyn Bridge is a new approach to fight against GRAVITY.

Using shipping containers will not result in boring repetition of simple architectural pattern, but interesting and various spatial experiences. We have designed different units for different families and different public spaces for communities woven along the line, so that ever y family and community will enjoy its own individuality. People can also use their creativity and play the containers by themselves.

With much re-defination of New York skyline, the NY LOW LINE appears in plenty of social activities including famous incidents such as “Skyline of New York� Ballet/ 7 Years Itch / and Apres L`amour.

These kinds of involvements will characterize this community with such confidence that each inhabitant will positively relate him/her-self to art, culture and a brighter future.

WHY IS IT NOT LOW?

NY Low Line 3,300ft BURJ KHALIFAH 2,717ft Sears Tower 1,730ft HK Bank of China 1,205ft Statue of Liberty 151ft

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Diversified Combinations

63

OTHER WORKS

'Floating' Memorial Park for Tianjin Explosion · The Issue of SURVIVING

'CREEK PATH' Cultural Center · The Issue of HARMONIZING

School above the Farmland · The Issue of LEARNING

Architectural and Urban Design Year 3 Studio, 04-07/2012

Honorable Prize, BADI-CUP International Green Building Design Competition, 08-10/2013

Professional Works, SHAN Jun Atelier, 11/2013-01/2014

Tutor: ZHU Wenyi My Work: Team Leader / Concept 50%, Analysis 70%, Model 50%, Rendering 40% Collaborative Design / Partners: HAO Tian, REN Junyu, WU Junda Location: Tianjin, China Urban Design Area: 155,000m2 Architectural Design Area: 13,000m2

Tutor: WANG Hui My Work: Concept 70%, Analysis 40%, Model 70%, Rendering 50% Collaborative Design / Partner: LIU Fangshuo Location: Dalian, China Area: 5,500m2

Architect: SHAN Jun My Work: Principal Assistant Architect / Concept 40%, Analysis 60%, Model 50%, Rendering 80% Team Member: HUANG Huaqing, DING Linan Location: Zhengzhou, China Area: 16,500m2

Entrance Reading Room

Lobby

Library

Lounge Rooftop

Corridor Museum Amphitheater

Bibliotheca

Staircase

Interactive Exhibtion

Sky Lounge Amphitheater

Pond

Climbing Wall 1

Creek Path Exhibition Hall Reading Area

City View

3

64

2

Theater

Passive Strategies

65

Part 2 Research

Mapping ¡ Data ¡ Analytical Model

Ghostcities: Voids within the Growth Machine Using Social Media to Detect Residential Vacancy in China Website in progress: http://ghostcities.mit.edu

Civic Data Design Lab: Sarah Williams, Wenfei Xu, Mike Foster, Zhekun Xiong, Shinbin Tan, Amber Guo

Methodology / Modeling 1 RESIDENTIAL POINTS

Get residential POIs from AMAP and Baidu API

2 GRID OVERLAY

3 AMENITIES SCORE

Overlay a grid of 300m*300m cells where they overlap the residential POIs

Our amenities score is based on Hansen’s gravitational model that measures urban ‘accessibility’ through cumulative opportunities.

∑∑ 8

Ai =

k = 1

‘opportunity’

10

w *k R j , k + 1 D ^i ,2j , k

j = 1

where

distance weight

w k = weights assigned to each amenity category k for ‘commercial’ vs ‘institutional’ D i , j , k= E u c l i d e a n d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n e a c h g r i d i a n d j t h amenity in category k R j,k = N u m b e r o f D i a n p i n g r a t i n g s f o r t h e j t h a m e n i t y in category k

4 CALCULATE CENTROID

Use the centroid of each cell from which to calculate distances

5 DISTANCE TO AMENITIES

6 AMENITY SCORE

Calculate the Euclidian distance from the centroid to the nearest amenities of our choosing.

Amenities scores are calculated for all residential cells

10 Reviews 800 m

30.8 amenity score

500 m

70 Reviews 1200 m

5 Reviews

7 AMENITY SCORE FILTERING

We take the mean of the fitted distribution for the amenity score

8 POPULATION FILTER

Based on the population distribution of the filtered cells, we take the lower half the cells below the mean of the population distribution

1500 m

20 Reviews (Log scale)

9 CLUSTERING

Spatial autocorrelation of amenities scores is then calculated using the Moran’s I statistic using a 600m threshold.

744

-6.87

(Log scale)

70

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Initial Results / Ground-Truthing

3

2

GHOST CITY ID: 4407315 1

Shenyang

Status: ABANDONED Lat Lon: 123.4671460,41.7502980 R e s i d e n t i a l D e v e l o p m e n t : 金水花城景升座 A d d r e s s : 南 堤 中 路 与 天 成 街 交 叉 口 东 南 50米

1

GHOST CITY ID: 4426401 Status: UNDER CONSTRUCTION Lat Lon: 123.567498, 41.7772330 R e s i d e n t i a l D e v e l o p m e n t : 温馨港 A d d r e s s : 浑南东路李巴彦700号

Tianjin

2

GHOST CITY ID: XXXXXXX S t a t u s : H A LT E D C O N S T R U C T I O N Lat Lon: 123.690191,41.824609 R e s i d e n t i a l D e v e l o p m e n t : 大商·中心城 A d d r e s s : 沈抚新城滨河路

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Chengdu

3

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Mapping Informality: Jemma el Fna, Marrakesh A Dynamic Approach towards the Interpretation of Architectural Heritage

Zhekun Xiong, Huaqing Huang

Anthropological Investigation of the Social Ecology and Spatial Prototype Djemaa el-Fna Square is one of the grandest and oldest squares in Morocco. Located at the edge of the medina (old town), it may be the busiest market square in the world with juice stands, snack booths, and above all a daily spectacle made up of storytelling, acrobatics, musical recitals, snake-charming and etc. “The square, as a physical space, shelters a rich oral and intangible tradition” (Goytisolo, 2011). Performers, vendors, and spectators flood into the square, dividing it into small separated “islands” with lively activities. “Al Halqa” for instance, is a circle arrangement with audience forming around the center of the performers. While geographical boundaries are relatively obvious to explore, cultural boundaries defined by human activities are inconstant but equally important. Being both a historic heritage in terms of its architectural value and a cultural space in the sense of anthropology, Djemaa el-Fna Square is more than a place materialized with historic memories (Norberg-Schulz, 1979), but also a field defined by habitus and correlated value (Bourdieu, 1992). It thus calls for a subtler approach to interpret the intangible traditions in the tangible space, the everyday life that endow the materiality with the “soul”. This forms the outset of the “ethnography of space”.

Can Planners Make America Great Again?

An Investigation into Communities in Need & the Concentration of Planners

Zhekun Xiong, Joanne Wong

Indicator: Low Education Others are White Males , Unemployment , and Poverty

States that flipped from Democrat to Republican: Iowa Wisconsin Michigan Ohio Pennsylvania Florida

100 Most-Educated Counties

Shift in GOP Support

100 Least-Educated Counties

Low Education 80

500 Least-Educated Counties (left) &500 Most-Educated Counties (left) 81

PART 1: Communities in Need and GOP Support (Case Study on MI, WI, IA) Can PLANNERS Planners Make America Great Again / GIS Workshop, MIT CAN MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN?

Correlation of Case Study Shift in GOP Support & Indicators % of Shift in GOP Support

Indicator 1: Racial Homogeneity

An Investigation into Communities in Need and the Concentration of Planners in the United States Joanne Wong / Zhekun Xiong, DUSP, MIT, 12/13/16

PART 2: Spatial Concentration of Urban Planners

% Shift in GOP Support

% of White Non-hispanic Male

The second part of our project looks at where urban planners are located in the country, and how that spatial distribution compares to all the demographic maps on the left.

We show in the map on the bottom the counts of self-identified planners, the location as well as graduating class size of each master’s planning program in the country. The map and the tables below suggest that planners and planning programs are concentrated on the two coasts, the lightest-colored areas in the Communities in Need Index map. The places in the south, the Appalachian region, most of the middle of the country – do not seem to have many planners. While we recognize that urban planners are trained to work in cities, here we see them only being near the largest cities in the country and very few places else.

% of White Non-hispanic Male

% of Shift in GOP Support

Indicator 2: Low Education

BACKGROUND The outcome of the 2016 presidential election has brought to national attention the issues of American voters who have been feeling disenfranchised and disinvested in for the past few decades.

Based on our literature review, we chose the following four indicators to help us understand the spatial distribution of communities that may prioritize economic benefits in choosing how to vote.

Demographic Factor

% Shift in GOP Support

% of Low Education

% of Low Education

Indicator 3: Unemployment % of Shift in GOP Support

One of the prevailing narratives explains that many of these communities voted for Trump, the “candidate of change”, because they felt that his administration can improve economic development and community well-being—precisely the kind of “wicked problems” that urban planners are tasked to tackle. But are planners living and working in these places? Are they well-positioned, geographically, to lend their expertise to these populations?

Corresponding Indicators

% Shift in GOP Support

% of Unemployment

% of Unemployment

% of Shift in GOP Support

Indicator 4: Poverty Sources: Williamson, Skocpol, and Coggin 2011; CBS/NYT Poll April 2010; Pew Research Poll 2016

To better isolate the appeal of Trump’s particular campaign for these communities in need, we created the map at the bottom showing the shift in support for the Republican candidate from Mitt Romney in 2012 to Donald Trump in 2016. In this map, the reds represent shift toward GOP support, and blue represents shift away. For reference the states that flipped from Democrat to Republican are Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Florida.

We chose Wisconsin, Iowa, and Michigan as our case studies because of the concentration of flipping counties in those states. Our hypothesis is that our four indicators would be more influential or correlated with GOP support in swing electorates than in reliably red or blue states.

% Shift in GOP Support

% of Poverty

This small map on the right is the count of DUSP MCP alumni by county of residence in the United States, according to data we pulled from MIT’s Alumni Directory website, Infinite Connections.

These are all the people who opted in to have at least their residential postal code in the system. The count is about 1,500 across the few decades of graduates. This is very similar to the national count of planners map, but even more concentrated in coastal areas. The highest concentration of planners is in Cambridge, followed by Boston, DC, New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles. There are no recorded alumni in North or South Dakota, Nebraska, Idaho, and few in the Appalachian region.

Distribution of DUSP Alumni

Recommendations and Future Research

% of Poverty

We recognize that planners can work across jurisdictions, and that there are many confounding factors that influence individual quality of life and the decision of planners to live where they do. Therefore we recommend that a rigorous methodology be developed to evaluate the efficacy of planners and their impact on communities they serve. Practitioners and institutions should consider working together to develop a planning agenda for places that have few planners. We may also want to encourage aspiring planners to consider a broader range of geographies for at least some parts of their careers.

% Racial Homogeneity *25 + % Low Education *25 + % Unemployment *25 + % Poverty *25 = Communities in Need INDEX

% of Shift in GOP Support

For swing states, the correlation is positive and highest for Indicators 2 and 3, and the correlation between the Communities in Need Index and the GOP support was also quite strong.

Communities in Need Index

Shift in GOP Support from 2012 to 2016 82

Communities in Need Index

Correlation Shift in GOP Support & Index

Map of Counts of Planners and Planning Schools 83

Part 3 Design

Interaction · Idea · Visualiation

Digital Moving / Data Visualization Using 24-hour cell phone data to indicate urban population flow in Moscow, Russia Github: https://github.com/ZhekunXIONG/Digital-Moving-Moscow

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Weather Apps Design Using javascript and processing to visualize the real-time weather Github: https://github.com/ZhekunXIONG/Weather-App-Design https://github.com/ZhekunXIONG/Weather-App-Design-2

Rain

88

Precipitation and Sunlight

Snowfall

Wind

89

Web Data Interactive Design Using javascript and processing to visualize World Press Freedom Index with Interaction Github: https://github.com/ZhekunXIONG/World-Press-Freedom

90

- Move the slider to see the data of each year between 2003-2012; - Press the button to sort the data either by Region or by Ranking; - Hover over the data point to see the detailed data about each individual country.

91

Trifold for Planning Guidelines A Community Ownership Approach for Jefferson Village, Detroit

Front

92

Back

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MIT STL Lab Products

Posters

STLx MOOCs Banners

Pamphlet

Follow us on WeChat: MIT-STL-Lab Planning · Real Estate · Social Entrepreneurship

to create a new generation of socially responsible entrepreneurs and academics in the fields of architecture, planning, and real estate

麻省理工学院李德义地产创业实验室 微信公众号：MIT-STL-Lab

CONTACT

94

Website stl.mit.edu

Address Samuel Tak Lee MIT Real Estate

Phone +1-617-715-2352

Entrepreneurship Lab

Email stllab@mit.edu

Samuel Tak Lee Building, 9-334

105 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Urban Studies & Planning Center for Real Estate

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Other Graphic Designs

Book Cover Design - TyPeking

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Booklet - Solar Decathlon China 2013

Brand Logo - Hotel

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Other Graphic Designs

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR DIVERSIFIED IDENTITIES PAINTER

TV GUEST

Day Day Up Talkshow, HNTV, 2009

Color Pencil Drawing

Day Day Up Talkshow, HNTV, 2013

Watercolor

Color Pencil Drawing

Pencil Sketch

MODEL-MAKER

Mulan No.7, 3,500m2, 2013

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Annual Performance Art, Host, Tsinghua University, 2012

Who's Still Standing Quiz Game Show, Winner, JSTV, 2013

TRAVELER

Student Center of Northeastern University, Completed, 24,500m2, 2013

Fez, Morocco, Africa

London, UK, Europe

Medellin, Colombia, South America

Hanoi, Vietnam, Asia

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