Chemistry Cheat Sheet 2010 ReͲrelease (seriously, I’’ve forgotten everything in this document) || J. Teoh RI4K’’10
Graham’’s Law rate of diffusion of gas v
1 M r of gas
M r of gas B
rate of diffusion of gas A rate of diffusion of gas B
M r of gas A
pH pH pH
log[H ] log( percentage dissociation u molarity )
Salt Preparation Anion (Ͳ) Cation (+) Contributor Contributor acid + alkali Titration (aq) (aq) acid + base Excess Base (aq) (s) solution + solution Precipitation (aq) (aq) sodium soluble + carbonate compound Soluble salt from soluble Na2CO3 (aq) XY (aq) compound [Na2CO3, insoluble acid + Acid] carbonate HZ (aq) XCO3 (s) Method
Insoluble salt from base [HNO3, Precipitate]
Product
Byproduct
Æ soluble salt (aq)
+
water H2O (l)
Æ soluble salt (aq)
+
excess base (s)
Æ insoluble salt + (s)
solution (aq)
insoluble carbonate XCO3 (s)
sodium salt solution NaY (aq)
Æ
+
Æ soluble salt
+
XZ (aq)
nitric acid
+
base
Æ
soluble nitrate
+
HNO3 (aq)
XY (s)
XNO3 (aq)
carbon dioxide + water CO2 (g), H2O (l) acid reaction byproduct CO2 (g), H2O (l) or H2 (g)
sodium salt soluble + solution nitrate NaZ (aq) XNO3 (aq)
Æ insoluble salt + sodium nitrate
XZ (aq)
NaNO3 (aq)