East Europe Water Dispense Report 2019 with Excel

Zenith Global Report

Water Dispense Report East Europe A comprehensive analysis of the water dispense markets

2019

Copyright All copyright in this document is reserved.

Liability This document contains information and may contain conclusions and recommendations. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information is accurate and that the opinions expressed are sound. However, Zenith Global Ltd cannot be made liable for any errors or omissions or for any losses or consequential losses resulting from decisions based on the information.

Important notice on distribution This report should not be quoted, referred to or transmitted to another party, in whole or in part, with out the prior written consent of Zenith Global Ltd. Should you desire to release a copy of this report to another party for information purposes, we request you and the requesting party to indemnify Zenith Global Ltd from any liability related to the report distribution. Such readers however will not be considered “users� of this report.

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Contents Section 1. Introduction and scope 2. Water dispense market overview 3. Bottled water dispense analysis, insights and opportunities 4. Mains fed point of use water dispense analysis, insights and opportunities 5. Integrated tap system analysis, insights & opportunities 6.Country reports 7. East Europe data reports 8. Appendix – acronyms and abbreviations

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Country market analysis Section Belarus Bulgaria Czech Republic Hungary Poland Romania Russia Ukraine

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Country data report Section Croatia Estonia Latvia Lithuania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia

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Introduction and Scope

© Zenith Global Ltd 2019

Introduction and scope Introduction

Scope

Zenith Global has actively reported on the Austrian water dispense market for over twenty years, providing unparalleled insights into the market’s dynamics and evolution. To reflect the evolution of water dispense, Zenith has revised the 2019 report, with specific coverage on mains fed under the sink/counter integrated tap systems which dispense hot, cold, boiling and sparkling filtered/purified water. Mains fed freestanding/countertop point of use units as well as bottle fed dispense units continue to be reported. Zenith Global has also increased focus on market insights and opportunities with vertical specific commentary and recent innovation reporting.

Commentary

In producing our reports, we aim to contact every significant company active in the appropriate sector and to provide as complete a picture as possible at a price accessible to any business with a serious commercial interest. This 2019 water dispense report contains text, charts and tables provide analysis of recent market developments and innovations. We are particularly grateful for the help we have received from these companies in compiling this report. Where direct company figures are unavailable, best estimates have been provided.

This, Zenith Global’s 25th report, represents exceptional coverage of the East European water dispense market and we hope that you find it useful in your business planning. As our research is updated on a regular basis, we always welcome any comments or suggestions about possible improvements.

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Definitions – Water dispense Water dispense: Water dispense units where the primary function is the dispense of filtered and purified water, comprising bottled fed dispense units, mains fed freestanding/countertop point of use units and under the sink/counter integrated tap systems dispensing as defined below.

Bottled water dispense (BWD) units: A unit that dispenses bottled purified, spring or mineral water. The unit can be installed under a rental/service agreement or purchased outright by the customer. Water bottles and pouches are delivered direct to the customer by a distributor. and empty bottles taken away. New bottles and pouches are either placed underneath the unit or inverted and placed on top of the machine. For top fed coolers, a feed tube spike from the machine penetrates the watertight cap in the bottle and opens the valve within the cap, thereby allowing water to flow into the machine or bottle where just a pump is used. The same process is used with bottom fed water coolers with a pump to transfer the water to the point of dispense. Water can be is dispensed either hot, cold or ambient from both top and bottom fed water dispensers. Disposable cups may be provided and are located in a tube on the front or side.

Machines are freestanding or table-top and are suitable for larger bottle/pouch formats which are bigger than 10 litres and are therefore larger than those distributed in packaged formats through retail outlets.

Mains fed dispense units: Mains fed filtered point of use (POU) and mains fed under the sink/counter integrated tap systems (ITS) combined as a total as defined below.

Mains fed freestanding/countertop point of use units (POU) dispensing filtered and purified water: A water dispense device that is plumbed into a mains fed water supply, improving the quality of water via filtration or purification methods. Such machines have drip trays and some have drainage systems.

The water can be dispensed cold, ambient, sparkling or hot and available as freestanding or table-top units. Typical methods include ultra violet (UV) and carbon filter however reverse osmosis units are also available.

Under the sink/under the counter mains fed integrated tap systems (ITS) with functionality dispensing filtered and purified water: A water system that filters/purifies mains water and directs the water to the tap. These systems may utilise carbon filtration, combined/staged filtration or reverse osmosis technology.to purify or filter the water. These units can provide ambient, chilled, hot or sparkling water. The units are placed either under the sink or under the counter and are referred to as ‘under counter’ or ‘under sink’ systems.

Hybrid mains fed point of use (HPOU) dispense unit: beverage, soda, juice dispense units which can dispense water but whose primary purpose is not water.

Water boilers: whose primary function is to boil water as a source of hot water for making hot drinks such as tea and coffee.

Vending machines: an automated machine that provides ready to drink hot and cold beverages.

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Verticals Workplace:

Public and Private sector offices and workplaces including municipal, government, factories, armed forces, police, fire, prisons.

HoReCa:

Hotels, Restaurants and Catering including bars, pubs, nightclubs. foodservice, cafĂŠs.

Healthcare:

Public and Private Sector medical centres, hospitals, care homes, nursing homes.

Education:

Public and Private sector schools, sixth form colleges, universities, nurseries.

Retail:

Shops, hairdressers, showrooms.

Transport Hubs:Airports, transport hubs.

Domestic:

Residential homes.

Leisure / Gyms: Leisure centres, gyms, tennis and other sports centres, activity centres.

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Water dispense market overview

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East Europe Market overview – Water dispense market evolution Commentary

400

80

350

70

300

60

250

50

200

40

150

30

100

20

50

10

0

0 2014

BWD Units

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Million €

Dispense market evolution, 2014-2018

Installed units

•

2015 POU Units

2016

2017

UTS Units

2018 Total revenue ($ mln)

East Europe Market overview - Water dispense market evolution 2014

Bottled Water Dispense (BWD) Units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point Of Use (POU) Units % growth Units per '000 people Integrated Tap Systems (ITS) Units % growth Units per '000 people Total Units % growth POU % share BWD % share ITS % share 12

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2015

2016

2017

2018 14-18 % CAGR

Total water dispense Market overview Water dispense units by country, 2018

Russia Poland Ukraine

Romania Lithuania Bulgaria Serbia Czech Republic

Latvia Croatia Hungary Estonia Belarus

Slovakia Slovenia

BWD units

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POU units

Dispensers/pumps

ITS units

Total water dispense unit volume 2014 Belarus Bulgaria Croatia

Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Romania

Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine Total

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2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

2018-14 CAGR

East Europe Revenue market analysis-Water dispense (bottled water, point of use and integrated tap) •

Commentary

Water dispense revenue, 2014-18 700 608

575

600 542 524

547

512 508

500 million EUR

576

529

489

400

300

200

100 18 0

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28

3.4 3.1 1.7 0.9 0.6 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 BWD revenue (€ mln) POU revenue (€ mln) ITS revenue (€ mln)

15

22

Total revenue (€ mln)

East Europe Market overview - Price structure and revenue indicators Bottled water

2017

2018

Price structure and revenue indicators

Average monthly rental (€)

•

Average bottle price (€)

Price structure and revenue indicators

Total revenue (€)

•

Commentary

Commentary

- revenue from rented units

Price structure and revenue indicators - revenue from sold units

• Mains fed point of use

2017

2018

2017

2018

Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€) Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units Integrated tap system Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€) Total revenue (€)

- revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units 16

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Commentary

East Europe Dispense type

Total Units

Bottled Water Dispense Point of Use

Integrated Tap Systems Total water dispense unit penetration • Commentary

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Units per `000 people

East Europe Market overview – key acquisitions Key acquisitions

•

18

Commentary

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East Europe Innovation and disruption Commentary

Picture of potential disruptor product

Company - product

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East Europe Market overview - Water dispense market forecast 2018 Bottled Water Dispense (BWD) Units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point Of Use (POU) Units % growth Units per '000 people Integrated Tap System (ITS) Units

% growth Units per '000 people Total Units

% growth POU % share

BWD % share UTS % Š share 20 Zenith Global Ltd 2019

2019f

2020f

2021f

2022f

2023f

18-23f CAGR

18-23f %

European market overview Water dispense market forecast •

21

Commentary

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Bottled water dispense analysis, insights and opportunities

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East Europe Bottled water dispense – Volume market analysis 1,400,000 1,380,000 1,360,000 1,340,000 1,320,000 1,300,000 1,280,000 1,260,000 1,240,000 1,220,000 1,200,000

2,468

2,500.0

1,373,152

2,359

2,400.0 1,338,748 1,311,689 1,282,484 1,267,553

2,300.0 2,200.0

2,252

2,160

2,183

2014

2015

2,100.0 2,000.0

2014

2015

Market drivers and dynamics

23

Bottled water dispense volume, 2014-18

Million litres

BWD installed units

Bottled water dispense units, 2014-18

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2016

2017

2018

2016

2017

2018

East Europe Bottled water dispense - Units installed by company Machines in December

Company A Company B

Total market

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2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

East Europe Bottled water dispense - Volume in million litres by company Million litres Company A Company B

Total market

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2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

4

26

Mains fed point of use water dispense analysis, insights and opportunities

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East Europe Mains fed point of use water dispense - Volume market analysis Point of use units, 2014-18 140,000

POU installed units

120,000 100,000

80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0

Market drivers and dynamics •

Commentary

Conversion •

27

Commentary

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0

0

0

0

East Europe Mains fed point of use water dispense - Units installed by distributor Machines in December

2014

Total market 28

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2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

5

29

Integrated tap systems analysis, insights and opportunities

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East Europe Integrated tap systems - Volume market analysis ITS units, 2014-18 160

150 140

140

130

BWD installed units

120 120 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 2014

Market drivers and dynamics •

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Commentary

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2015

2016

2017

2018

East Europe Integrated tap systems - Units installed by company Machines in December

Total market

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2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

6

32

Country Report [ Country]

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[Country] Market overview - Water dispense market evolution •

Commentary

Dispense market evolution, 2014-2018 9,000,000

4800 4750

8,000,000

4700 7,000,000

4600

5,000,000

4550

4,000,000

4500

Million €

Installed units

4650 6,000,000

4450

3,000,000

4400 2,000,000 4350 1,000,000

4300

0

4250 2014

BWD Units

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2015 POU Units

2016

2017

UTS Units

2018 Total revenue ($ mln)

[Country] Market overview - Water dispense market evolution 2014 Bottled water dispense (BWD) units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point of use (POU) units % growth Units per '000 people

Integrated tap system (ITS) units % growth Units per '000 people Total units % growth BWD % share POU % share ITS % share 34

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2015

2016

2017

2018

14-18 CAGR

[Country] Market overview - Water dispense revenue analysis •

Commentary

Water dispense revenue 2014-18 80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

2014

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2015

2016

2017

BWD revenue ($ mln)

POU revenue ($ mln)

UTS revenue ($ mln)

Total revenue ($ mln)

2018

[Country] Market overview - Price structure and revenue indicators Bottled water dispensers

2017

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

Average monthly rental (€) Average bottle price (€) Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from bottled water sales

Mains fed point of use Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€) Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units

Integrated tap system Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€)

Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units 36

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•

Commentary

[Country] Market overview - Units per capita Country - Penetration 2018 Dispense type Bottled water dispense Point of use

Integrated tap systems

•

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Commentary

Total units

Units per `000 people

[Country] Market overview - Mode of commercialisation Water dispense type Bottled water dispense Point of use Integrated tap systems

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Mode of commercialisation

Commentary

[Country] Innovation and disruption Industry innovation

Key acquisitions

•

•

39

Commentary

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Commentary

[Country] Innovation and disruption Commentary

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[Country] Market overview - Water dispense market forecast 2018 Bottled water dispense (BWD) units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point of use (POU) units % growth

Units per '000 people Integrated tap system (ITS) units % growth Units per '000 people Total units % growth BWD % share POU % share ITS % share 41

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2019f

2020f

2021f

2022f

2023f

18-23f CAGR

18-23f

[Country] Market overview- Future water consumption trends •

Commentary

Overall water consumption, % of million litres 2018

50%

50%

Small pack

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BWD

[Country] Market overview - Water dispense market forecast

P

E

S

T

L

E

Political

Economic

Social

Technological

Legal

Environmental

Commentary

.

Opportunities Commentary

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[Country] Bottled water dispense - Volume market analysis Bottled water dispense units, 2014-18

100 Million litres

BWD installed units

60.0

60.0

100 80 60

50.0

50.0 40.0

40.0 30.0

30.0

40

20.0

20

10.0 0.0 2014

2015

Market drivers and dynamics

44

70.0

70.0

120

0

•

80.0

140 130

140 120

Bottled water dispense volume, 2014-18 150

160

Commentary

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2016

2017

2018

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

[Country] Bottled water dispense - Units installed by company Machines in December

Total market

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2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

[Country] Bottled water dispense - Volume in million litres by company Million litres

Total market

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2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

[Country] Bottled water dispense - Market structure Throughput Litres per dispense unit 18.9l bottles per dispense unit per month

Throughput •

Commentary

Cancellations •

Commentary

Contract lengths •

47

Commentary

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2017

2018

Cancellations Quit rate %

2017

2018

[Country] Bottled water dispense - Market analysis

BWD features and benefits %, 2018

Features and benefits •

Commentary

25%

25% Chilled Chilled-hot

Chilled-hot-boiling 25%

Machine types •

25%

Other

BWD features and benefits %, 2018

Commentary 30%

35%

Still Sparkling Still-sparkling 35%

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[Country] Bottled water dispense - Market analysis Verticals •

POU verticals %, 2018

Commentary Workplace 20% 29%

HoReCa Healthcare

5%

Education

2% 4%

Retail Transport Hubs Domestic

10%

20% 10%

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Leisure / Gyms Others

[Country] Bottled water dispense - Analysis of leading verticals

50

Workplace

Domestic

Retail

Key features and benefits

Key features and benefits

Key features and benefits

•

•

•

Commentary

Commentary

Commentary

Specific drivers

Specific drivers

Specific drivers

•

•

•

Commentary

Commentary

Commentary

Key players

Key players

Key players

•

•

•

Commentary

Commentary

Commentary

Overall opportunity

Overall opportunity

Overall opportunity

•

•

•

Commentary

© Zenith Global Ltd 2019

Commentary

Commentary

[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Volume market analysis POU units, 2014-18 160 BWD installed units

140 120

120

130

140

150

2017

100

Replacement rate %

100

Number of units

80 60 40 20 0 2014

2015

Market drivers and dynamics •

Commentary

•

Conversion

•

Commentary

51

Units added

© Zenith Global Ltd 2019

2016

2017

BWD to POU conversions

2018

2018

Replacement POU (New) 2017

2018

[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Units installed by distributor Machines in December

Total market

52

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2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Market analysis Features and benefits •

POU features and benefits %, 2018

Commentary

33%

Chilled Chilled-hot Chilled-hot-boiling

59% 8%

Other

Machine types •

Commentary

POU features and benefits %, 2018

41%

Still Sparkling

59%

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Still-sparkling

[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Market analysis Verticals •

POU verticals %, 2018

Commentary 5% 1% 8%

Workplace

5%

HoReCa Healthcare

4%

Education

50%

5%

Retail Transport Hubs Domestic

17% 5%

54

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Leisure / Gyms Others

[Country] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Analysis of leading verticals

55

Workplace

Healthcare

Education

Key features and benefits

Key features and benefits

Key features and benefits

•

•

•

Commentary

Commentary

Commentary

Specific drivers

Specific drivers

Specific drivers

•

•

•

Commentary

Commentary

Commentary

Key players

Key players

Key players

•

•

•

Commentary

Commentary

Commentary

Overall opportunity

Overall opportunity

Overall opportunity

•

•

•

Commentary

© Zenith Global Ltd 2019

Commentary

Commentary

[Country] Integrated tap systems - Volume market analysis Integrated Tap System units, 2014-18 17,000 16,444

16,500 16,012 ITS units

16,000 15,621 15,500

15,300 15,000

15,000 14,500 14,000 0

0

Market drivers and dynamics •

56

Commentary

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0

0

0

[Country] Integrated tap systems - Units installed by company Machines in December

Total market

57

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2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

[Country] Integrated tap systems - Market analysis ITS features and benefits%, 2018 Features and benefits •

Commentary

20%

30%

Chilled Chilled-hot Chilled-hot-boiling 30%

Other

20%

Machine types •

ITS features and benefits%, 2018

Commentary

40%

Still Sparkling 60%

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Still-sparkling

[Country] Integrated tap systems - Market analysis Verticals •

ITS verticals %, 2018

Commentary

0%

Workplace

13%

HoReCa Healthcare 15% 50%

Education Retail Transport Hubs Domestic

22% 0%

59

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Leisure / Gyms Others

[Country] Integrated tap systems - Analysis of leading verticals

60

Domestic

HoReCa

Key features and benefits

Key features and benefits

•

•

Commentary

Commentary

Specific drivers

Specific drivers

•

•

Commentary

Commentary

Key players

Key players

•

•

Commentary

Commentary

Overall opportunity

Overall opportunity

•

•

Commentary

© Zenith Global Ltd 2019

Commentary

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East Europe data report [Country]

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[Country data report] Market overview - Water dispense market evolution Dispense market evolution, 2014-2018 9,000,000

4800 4750

8,000,000

4700

7,000,000 6,000,000

4600

5,000,000

4550

4,000,000

4500 4450

3,000,000

4400 2,000,000 4350 1,000,000

4300

0

4250 2014

BWD Units

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2015 POU Units

2016

2017 UTS Units

2018 Total revenue ($ mln)

Million â‚Ź

Installed units

4650

[Country data report] Market overview - Water dispense market evolution 2014 Bottled water dispense (BWD) Units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point of use (POU) Units % growth Units per '000 people

Integrated tap systems (ITS) Units % growth Units per '000 people Total Units % growth BWD % share POU % share ITS % share 63

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2015

2016

2017

2018

14-18 CAGR

[Country data report] Market overview - Water dispense revenue analysis Bottled water dispensers

2017

Water dispense revenue 2014-18

2018 80.0

Average monthly rental (€) Average bottle price (€)

70.0

Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units

60.0

- revenue from bottled water sales 50.0

Mains fed point of use

2017

2018 40.0

Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€)

30.0

Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units

20.0

- revenue from sold units 10.0

Integrated tap system Average monthly rental (€) Average sales price per unit (€) Total revenue (€) - revenue from rented units - revenue from sold units 64

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2017

2018

-

-

328

329

956,398

878,561

-

-

956,398

878,561

2014

2015

2016

2017

BWD revenue ($ mln)

POU revenue ($ mln)

UTS revenue ($ mln)

Total revenue ($ mln)

2018

[Country data report] Market overview - Units per capita A Country - Penetration 2018 Dispense type

Bottled water dispense Point of use Integrated tap systems

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Total units

Units per `000 people

[Country data report] Market overview - Water dispense market forecast 2018 Bottled water dispense (BWD) units % growth Units per '000 people Million litres % growth Point of use (POU) units % growth

Units per '000 people Integrated tap system (ITS) units % growth Units per '000 people Total units % growth BWD % share POU % share ITS % share 66

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2019f

2020f

2021f

2022f

2023f

18-23f CAGR

18-23f

[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Volume market analysis Bottled water dispense units, 2014-18 160

Bottled water dispense volume, 2014-18 80.0

150 140

140

70.0 70.0

130

60.0 60.0

100

50.0

100

Million litres

BWD installed units

120 120

80

40.0 40.0 30.0

60

30.0

40

20.0

20

10.0

0

0.0 2014

2015

Throughput Litres per dispense unit 18.9l bottles per dispense unit per month

67

50.0

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2016

2017

2017

2018

2018

2014

Cancellations Quit rate %

2015

2016

2017

2017

2018

2018

[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Units installed by company Machines in December

Total market

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2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Volume in million litres by company Million litres

Total market

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2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Market analysis BWD features and benefits %, 2018

25%

BWD features and benefits %, 2018

25% 30% 35%

Chilled

Still Chilled-hot

Sparkling

Chilledhot-boiling 25%

Still-sparkling

25% 35%

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[Country data report] Bottled water dispense - Market analysis POU verticals %, 2018

Workplace

20% 29%

HoReCa Healthcare Education

5%

Retail

2% 4%

Transport Hubs

Domestic 10% 20% 10%

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Leisure / Gyms Others

[Country data report] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Volume market analysis POU units, 2014-18 150

160 140 BWD installed units

BWD to POU conversions

130

140 120 120

Units added

100 100

2017

80

Replacement rate %

60

Number of units

40 20 0 2014

72

Replacement POU (New)

2015

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2016

2017

2018

2018

2017

2018

[Country data report] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Units installed by distributor Machines in December

Total market

73

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2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

[Country data report] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Market analysis POU features and benefits %, 2018

POU features and benefits %, 2018

33% Chilled

41%

Chilled-hot

Sparkling

Chilled-hot-boiling 59%

Other 8%

74

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Still

59%

Still-sparkling

[Country data report] Mains fed point of use water dispense - Market analysis

POU verticals %, 2018

5% 1%

5%

Workplace HoReCa

8%

Healthcare 4%

Education 50%

5%

Retail Transport Hubs Domestic

17%

Leisure / Gyms 5%

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Others

[Country data report] Integrated tap systems - Volume market analysis Integrated Tap System units, 2014-18 17,000 16,444

16,500 16,012 ITS units

16,000 15,621 15,500

15,300 15,000

15,000 14,500 14,000 0

76

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0

0

0

0

[Country data report] Integrated tap systems - Units installed by company Machines in December

Total market

77

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2016

2017

2018

% share 2017

% share 2018

% 18-17

[Country data report] Integrated tap systems - Market analysis ITS features and benefits%, 2018

ITS features and benefits%, 2018

20% 30%

Chilled

40% Still

Chilled-hot

Sparkling

Chilled-hot-boiling Other

30% 20%

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Still-sparkling 60%

[Country data report] Integrated tap systems - Market analysis ITS verticals %, 2018

0%

13%

Workplace

HoReCa Healthcare 15% 50%

Education Retail Transport Hubs Domestic

22% 0%

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Leisure / Gyms Others

8

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Appendix Acronyms and abbreviations

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Appendix Acronyms and abbreviations

81

...

Negligible, less than 0.05

cl

Centilitre

f

Forecast

na

Not available, not applicable

ADEAC

Asociación de Distribuidores y Envasadores de Agua en Cooler

AWCN

Association Water Cooler Netherlands

B2B

Business-to-Business

BiB

Bag-in-box

BPA

Bisphenol A

BSDA

British Soft Drinks Association

BWC

Bottled water cooler

BWCA

British Water Cooler Association

CAGR

Compound annual growth rate

DIN

Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardisation)

DTI

Department of Trade & Industry

EBWA

European Bottled Water Association

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Appendix Acronyms and abbreviations

82

EC

European Commission

EFET

Hellenic Food Authority

EFBW

European Federation of Bottled Waters

EFSA

European Food Safety Authority

EPDWA

European Point of use Drinking Water Association

EPFL

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

EU

European Union

FSA

Food Standards Agency

GBWA

German Bottled Water Cooler Association

GWCA

German Water Cooler Association

HOD

Home and office delivery

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IMQ

Institut für Microbiologische Qualitätssicherung

MIT

Ministry of Industry and Trade (Norway)

NR

Non returnable packaging

NSF

National Sanitation Foundation

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Appendix Acronyms and abbreviations

83

OOH

Out-of-home

PET

Polyethylene terephthalate

POU

Point of use

R

Returnable packaging

RO

Reverse osmosis

SME

Small-and medium-sized enterprise

SSTI

Self-sanitising technology system

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNESDA

Union of European Beverages Associations

UV

Ultra violet

VAT

Value-added tax

WEEE

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive

WRAP

Waste Resources Action Programme

WRAS

Water Regulations Advisory Scheme

WE

Watercoolers Europe

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