Drink Well Business Model (Spring 2016)

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REFRAME THE

SMART BOTTLE

University of California, Berkeley Product Design 12 May 2016

brandon cotta aman khan zane liu alec spencer yashvant venkatakrishnan robyn zhang

drink well.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MISSION STATEMENT

3

VALUE PROPOSITION

3

CUSTOMER NEEDS

3

CONCEPT GENERATION

4

CONCEPT SELECTION

5

PIVOT AND REFOCUS

6

DESIGN

8

PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT

10

BUSINESS ANALYSIS

11

REFERENCES

12

APPENDIX Personas

13

Concepts

14

Business Model

26

Tradeshow

29

Surveys

32

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MISSION STATEMENT “Optimizing hydration in an increasingly health-conscious world.”

VALUE PROPOSITION Stay hydrated with a hygienic water bottle that stays clean and keeps your water cleaner. Drink Well keeps you connected to your water-intake, ensuring a hydrated lifestyle and removing your fears of losing your water bottle. The drink well bottle allows you to stay healthy, effortlessly.

CUSTOMER NEEDS Background Research • ​ Personal Interviews Our project focus was based on Samsung’s non-intrusive wearables prompt. The team performed preliminary research on the general wearables market to understand the overall space. Each member of the team interviewed a number of people, many of whom were wearable users. Reviewing the success of popular wearable products, the user demographics and the feedback of early adopters, the major pain points were identified.

A few key issues that came up included the short battery life, the unfashionable designs, and the limited real world functionality. These were narrowed down in ​ Table ​ 1​ below.

TABLE ​ 1​ • Original Main Customer Needs of Smart Wearable Devices ​

ORIGINAL CUSTOMER NEEDS

Novel Utility

DESIGN FEATURES ○ Provide motivation for users to complete goals ○ Provide additional functionality that smartphones do not currently offer ○ Customizable content that provides a specific actions for different activities

Use Consistency

○ ○ ○ ○

Regular usage Long term product life (usage and reliability) A real need for specific cases Not easily replaced by technology or lifestyle

Invisibility

○ ○ ○ ○

Avoid the evident “techy” appearance Non-intrusive (e.g. bracelet or ​ necklace design) Seamless integration into user life Minimize amount of user interaction necessary

Life Simplification

○ Automatic, self-learning capabilities ○ Easy to use and non- time consuming

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Early Background Research • ​ Real World Data Although thousands of research pieces show the popularity of smartphones, computers, and tablets, there is very little data available about wearable devices.2​As a relatively newer product and ecosystem, there is still a lot of potential growth that has yet to occur.

Simple fitness wearables such as Fitbits, Jawbones, and Garmins became popular in recent years. However, data from Evidation Health and Wall Street Journal show a serious drop in user retention. 15% of Fitbit users are “disconnecting” within thirty days and 42% ​ within 6 months.5​ Are wearables just a fad?

What is interesting, however, is that many analysts are still predicting that the wearable market will grow and advance. Pushed with the backing of Apple’s Watch, Research and Markets analysts are predicting that the market may be worth “​ $100.35 million by 2018 at 15 a CAGR of 46.87% over the period 2015 to 2020.”​ Interpretation of Data Early on, the team struggled with the open ended prompt and lack of focus. Together, the team went back and met with Nada Alameddine, from the Samsung graduate group. By discussing the research that led to the original prompt, a reinterpretation of the prompt allowed the team to realize that the focus was on the “non-intrusive aspect”, not the wearable form factor itself. For this reason, the team wanted to find a way to improve a product that people are already familiar with and use. With the rise of the “Internet of Things”, the team wanted a way to remove users from the digital tether so that the product would work with technology but feel like a natural part of the user’s life.

Having collected data from initial interviews and analyst research publishings, the team’s focus shifted dramatically away from wearables to focus, instead, on general products that would be unintrusive to users. With the help of Nada, the team drew to a conclusion that wearables are inherently intrusive, and that target adopters would be wary of purchasing a device that did not provide genuine utility to their daily life. The team found that the wearable market is currently saturated with various fitness bands and app-based devices, making it difficult for a new concept to be truly innovative and differentiable.

CONCEPT GENERATION

A large amount of time was dedicated to generating over a hundred early concepts. Out of these many ideas, the top four seeds were selected to be further explored and to be unveiled at the Midterm Tradeshow. These four concepts were: the ​ Behavioral Notification Application​ , the ​ Smart Exercise Mat, ​ the ​ Smart Water Bottle​ , and the ​ HUD Safety Glasses​ .

See the ​ Appendix for concept chart and concept artwork. A summary of each of the final four concepts is shown on the next page in ​ Table 2 ​​ .

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TABLE ​ 2​ • Top Four Concepts Described in Detail ​

CONCEPT

Behavioral Notification App

OVERVIEW ○ Description:​ ​ intelligently learns user habits to best present important notifications ○ Why​ :​ Remove yourself from the digital tether and ignore unimportant buzzes ○ Reasons Eliminated​ :​ People are very much still attached to their notifications

Smart Exercise Mat

○ Description:​ ​ offers workout content and detects form through sensors — potential gamification ○ Why​ :​ convenient and time saving exercises at home to encourage a healthy practice ○ Reasons Eliminated​ :​ an intermediate product ​ that may not retain users and can be easily replaced by gyms for advanced users

Smart Water Bottle

○ Description:​ ​ optimizes cleanliness, detects water quality, and tracks fluid intake ○ Why​ :​ growing health conscious community ​ ○ Reasons Chosen​ :​ Monitors health, removes ​ typical digital tether, has existing user base

HUD Safety Glasses

○ Description:​ ​ offers valuable information to ​ those working in dangerous environments ○ Why​ :​ Machine users work in dangerous settings where hands are tied. ○ Reasons Eliminated​ :​ Very niche market, expensive, distribution requires convincing businesses to overhaul existing infrastructure

CONCEPT SELECTION

The opinions and feedback retained from the midterm tradeshow offered a clear illustration that the Smart Water Bottle was the most interesting and desirable concept.

The team found that the form factor of a bottle had very accessible areas for improvement and had a large user-base. The team thus felt that the bottle was a realizable lifestyle concept that was achievable within the span of a semester.

Additionally, the Smart Water Bottle maintained the original prompt by being a non-intrusive product; there was a clear demand for improvement. The following sections disclose the selection process in detail.

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Creating a Selection Matrix Beginning with all our original hundred concepts, shown in ​ Appendix Tables A​ 1 to A4​ , the team selected nine concepts with the greatest feasibility and potential. The determined criteria for the selection matrix involved the ​ novelty of a particular solution,​the ​ estimated product life factor, the amount of ​ time saved by a concept, the ​ intrusiveness ​ of a concept, the ​ feasibility​ of building a concept, and the ​ amount of competition​ a concept faced.

Rating Concepts • ​ Selection Matrix With the criterias in mind, team members scored each criteria from 0 to 5. Criterias were weighted by importance and an overall average score was calculated for each concept.

The smartphone was scored as a baseline for comparison; the phone is the hub of "Internet of Things” devices and the key device to beat with new “smart” devices. Using the Selection Matrix, the team narrowed down the concepts as shown in ​ Table ​ 3​ below.

TABLE ​ 3​ • Weighted Concept Selection Matrix ​

Rating Concepts • ​ Tradeshow and Surveys The four final concepts were explored in detail with surveys and drawings at the Midterm Tradeshow. The showing allowed the team to put out surveys in order to receive direct feedback and discussion from students and teachers.

Although the results highlighted both the Smart Exercise Mat and Water Bottle, the varied feedback and lesser feasibility of the mat ultimately became the deciding factors. The Water Bottle survey was then pushed out to nearly 200 people to help identify and verify the major pain points of current designs, convincing the team that there was a compelling demand for the product. The survey can be viewed in ​ Appendix Tables A6 and A​ 7​ .

PIVOT AND REFOCUS By having a clear project goal, the reiteration process became a lot more fast-paced. The surveys and interviews sent out pinpointed the main features to be incorporated into the bottle. The team’s interviews occurred over the course of casual conversations with friends and family. These conversations created an important feature-list ideas with threadless caps, etching techniques and bottle shapes as a few early ideas.

The surveys, on the other hand, clarified overarching goals for the project. With nearly 200 people of different demographics questioned, over ​ 80% of those interviewed stated 6

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that they regularly use reusable bottles — nearly ​ 70% have lost at least one bottle and nearly 50% wash their bottle once a month or less​ . The visual interpretation of the survey can be seen in ​ Figures ​ 1​ to 6 ​​ .

FIGURE ​ 1​ • Users Who Regularly Use of Reusable Water Bottles ​

FIGURE ​ 2​ • Users Who Have Lost at least One Bottle ​

FIGURE ​ 3​ • Types of Water Users Most Typically Drink ​

FIGURE ​ 4​ • How Often Users Clean Their Water Bottles ​

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Water bottles today are simple and relatively non-intelligent, but those surveyed were very concerned about the design and functionality of their bottles. ​ 80% were concerned about the shape of their bottle and ​ 65% on the portability​ . One-handed usability, insulation, and cleanliness were also important factors of those surveyed. One of the most asked for functions of a water bottle was for reminders to actually drink water, as well as notify the user to not lose it. See ​ Figure ​ 4​ through 6​ for details.

FIGURE ​ 5​ • User Interest in a Bacteria and Gunk Resistant Water Bottle (Specifies Need to Rinse Bottle Once) ​

FIGURE ​ 6​ • User Interest in Daily Water Intake Tracking and Hydration Reminder Functionality ​

DESIGN Feasibility Although a lot of customer desires were identified from the surveys and interviews, not all the ideas could be prototyped and developed into a singular product. The first step in the process was to determine which features would be feasible to mass produce as a commercial product. This involved researching both the technical and financial feasibility of certain features. For example, originals designs featured sensors to detect water quality and determine contaminant content levels. But it was discovered that such sensors would be very bulky and expensive. UV LED water filtration bulbs were also considered. However, these LEDs are too power hungry. To better organize the most important “needs”, a form and function chart was created as shown in ​ Table ​ 4​ on the following page. These factors were the must have requirements of the prototype.

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TABLE ​ 4​ • Must Have Form and Function Design Needs ​

FORM

○ ○ ○ ○ ○

FUNCTION

Ergonomic Shape Insulated Design Fashionable Portable Size Simple Interface

○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Easy to Use Functions Ease of Cleaning No More Losing Bottles Drink Reminders Pure, Clean Water

The focus of the bottle, aptly named ​ Drink Well​ , is on a hygienic “self-cleaning” bottle that reminds users to be hydrated and intelligently prevents the bottle from being misplaced.

The Design Process • ​ Bacteria Resistant Design To maximize the cleanliness of the bottle, the concept of hydrophobic coatings was conceptualized. By creating a hydrophobic inner surface of the bottle, liquid particles and bacteria could be quickly rinsed out and removed. This would minimize the likelihood for bacteria growth within the damp environment of the bottle and would simplify the user process of cleaning bottles. Since the surface was non-sticking, bottles could be cleaned with a single quick rinse, saving water and encouraging ease of cleaning. The hydrophobic concept was derived from a recent research filing from Rochester University involving an etching process on stainless steel that is more durable and more 11 hydrophobic than conventional chemical coatings.​ The shape of the bottle was also designed to minimize hard curves and overlapping sections to reduce areas where water droplets can be trapped. This led to the creation of a magnetic sealing twist-cap with no threads and a smooth recyclable stainless steel body. See ​ Appendix Figure A​ 2​ for more.

The Design Process •​ Hydration Monitor and Custom Reminders The “smart” portion of the design fell within the electronics. In order to capture the drinking data of the user, sensors were necessary to record important data about the bottle and the water inside. Although the team prototyped a series of different sensors, some simple and some very complex, the final prototype used an ultrasonic sensor for fluid detection. Simpler sensors such as resistive sensors and float sensors required contact with the water, which minimized the cleanliness of the bottle and introduced the possibility for rust and water contamination. Complex sensors such as bioimpedance sensors, which are used to detect the bio-resistivity of a user’s skin to measure hydration levels, were too expensive and new to provide accurate data readings without complex software algorithms, which the team found unfeasible to pursue given our constraints.

The entire functionality of the sensors and chip technology were designed to be packaged within the cap. This provided the benefit of a smaller waterproof enclosure that could be modular and easily replaceable. Looking ahead, if the sensors were ever upgraded or needed replacing, only the cap would need to be exchanged — allowing for an environmentally friendly design.

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The Design Process •​ Location Awareness with Bluetooth LE Finally, the communication of the water bottle to the phone is all done through a bluetooth LE antenna within the cap and connecting to a phone via a phone application. A prototype of the application can be viewed in ​ Appendix Figure A​ 17​ . Data can be easily and efficiently transferred using modern bluetooth standards. In addition, location tracking of the bottle can be quickly done using a ping system from bottle to phone. This method pushes all major data collection to the phone so that location and memory is all processed on the smartphone, thus reducing the necessary onboard computing power of the bottle and extending bottle battery life. In addition, a simple geofencing feature could be implemented which would initialize a notification on the phone when the bottle disconnects with the phone’s bluetooth antenna, notifying users that they have forgotten their bottle.

Finally, all minor aspects of the design were researched but not prototyped. Items such as the insulated design and filtered water are based on existing technology that has already 1​ ,​ 8​ ,​ 10 been implemented in some competing bottle designs.​

PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT The principal design work was produced using 3D printed PLA and ABS printed prototypes of CADs, arduino-based sensor networks, and temporary chemical spray on hydrophobic tests. Additional hand drawn or computer developed mock ups were done as well. In order to effectively begin creating prototypes, the team delegated different parts of the product’s design to three internal groups. One group developed the housing of the bottle, one group selected and designed sensors for data collection, and one group researched the filtration process and daily hydration requirements for users.

Modeling and Testing When creating the form factor of the bottle, the main considerations were to create a bottle that would feel good in a user’s hand and to avoid sharp corners. Several designs were built in CAD and 3D printed to test ergonomics as seen in ​ Appendix Figures A​ 1 and A​ 2​ . In addition, four water level sensors including the IR sensor, float switch, ultrasonic, and resistive switch were evaluated to see which would best allow the user to keep track of fluid consumption. The float switch and resistive water level sensor were dropped from consideration as customers were conscious of what materials their water would be exposed to. Sensors that did not make direct contact with the water, the ultrasonic and IR sensors were then considered. Due to the refractory characteristics of water, however, it was found that the IR sensor would not be as accurate in cases where water was moving.

Thus, the sensor that was ultimately chosen was the ultrasonic sensor. To test the sensor, a breadboard and Arduino were used to convert voltage signals from the sensor to a water level value that would continuously update. A simple average was taken to dampen the effects of sensor noise, and sensor values that translated to a negative water level were rejected. Further refinements are needed to improve noise rejection and to test how data can be sent to a phone via bluetooth LE.

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BUSINESS ANALYSIS Triple Bottom Line Throughout the research and design process, our team kept the “triple bottom line” in mind when considering solutions to the problems identified. The social impact of Drink Well has the potential to provide genuine utility to health conscious, as well as dehydrated individuals. This need is further quantified by the fact that Medical Daily lists 7 75% of Americans as chronically dehydrated.​ A critical aspect of Drink Well is the identified environmental impact of reducing one time use plastic bottles. By encouraging individuals to adopt a reusable water bottle as part of their daily routine, our group was hoping to incorporate an environmentally friendly outlook to our product, which is further emphasized by the fact that billions of plastic water bottles are produced annually in the USA. Furthermore, the implementation of hydrophobic etching reduces reusable water bottle cleaning time, thus potentially saving a great deal of water. Now, users simply have to rinse out their bottle up to once a week.

Furthermore, by retaining a recyclable stainless steel design whereby only the cap needs to be replaced to upgrade to a newer model, this further reduces the environmental impact of our products disposal.

This design also greatly reduces the manufacturing costs associated with the production of Drink Well. By using readily available materials, the anticipated manufacturing processes are fairly straightforward. This is reflected in the estimated cost of the bottle and electronic components that we have identified, and can be seen in the ​ Bottom-Up Analysis​ and ​ Bill of Materials​ in the appendix section.

LESSONS LEARNED Throughout the new product development experience, the team found that there is a lot to be learned from customer research. Having an ample amount of user information and feedback can make or break ideas. Furthermore doing early research and data can help tremendously down the road for prototyping and iterating. The biggest challenge as a group was in making tough decisions. It can be quite difficult to cut down a hundred ideas to one. The different concept decision workshops in class helped our group work through this process. Ultimately, our team focused on improving our ability to delegate roles and focused on making tough group decisions over the course of the semester.

Future Improvements ○ A feasible bioimpedance sensor could be researched and implemented in order to measure personalized hydration levels based off of an individual’s sweat. ○ Expanding the app capabilities and the possibility of integrating it with existing infrastructure, such as Fitbit or Apple health, would consolidate an individual’s health data. ○ Improving the form factor to incorporate the electronics in the cap effectively would be a crucial step in the design for manufacturing process.

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REFERENCES “All Clear Bottle.” ​ CamelBak​ . 2016. Web. 20 April 2016.

1​

Anderson, Monica. “U.S. Technology Device Ownership: 2015.” ​ Pew Research Center​ . 29 October 2015.

Web. 19 April 2016.

2​

3

Bellingham, Elizabeth A., Hannah J. Gordon. “Drinking Bugs: Are Opened Water Bottles Safe?”

California State Science Fair. ​ University of Southern California: 2009. PDF.

4​

Clover, June. “Review: Pryme Vessyl Is An iPhone-Connected Smart Cup That Isn’t Smart Enough.”

MacRumors​ . 2 May 2016. Web. 2 May 2016.

Diamond, Dan. “Fitbit Has A Problem -- And It Isn’t Apple Watch.” ​ Forbes​ . 7 May 2015. Web. 15 March 2016.

5​

6​

Dwyer, Marge. “Study Finds Inadequate Hydration Amongst U.S. Children.” ​ Harvard School of Public Health. ​ 11 June. Web. 25 April 2016.

7​

Ericson, John. “75% of Americans May Suffer From Chronic Dehydration, According to Doctors.” ​ Medical Daily​ . 3 July 2013. Web. 15 April 2016.

8​

Gentsch, Dietmar, Tarek Lamara, and Alexey Sokolov. “V ​acuum Interrupter with Double Coaxial Contact Arrangement at Each Side.​ ” Patent 14, 567, 489. 30 April 2015. Patent.

Heim, Markham. “You Asked: Can Water Go Bad?” ​ Time Magazine.​ 13 August 2014. Web. 25 April 2016.

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10​

Ishizaki, Hidetsurumaro, Riyozo Taguchi. “Method of Making a Stainless Steel Vacuum Bottle with a Silver MIrrored Surface.” Patent 6, 735, 307. 15 August 1989. Patent.

11​

Li, Lester, Victor Breedveld, and Dennis W. Hess. “Creation of Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Surfaces By Acid Treatments and Hydrophobic Film Deposition. ​ Applied Materials & Interfaces​ .

4.9 (2012): 4549–4556. ​ ACS Publications​ . Web. 20 April 2016.

12​

Loy, Alexander, Wolfgang Beisker, and Harald Meier. “Diversity of Bacteria Growing in Natural Mineral Water after Bottling.” ​ Applied and Environmental Microbiology​ 71.7 (2005): 3624–3632. P ​MC​ . Web. 25 April 2016.

Ssaggers. “HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Mounts.” ​ Thingiverse​ . 24 November 2013. Web. 23 April 2016.

13​

Tan, Zhai Yun. “How Do We Get Our Drinking Water In The U.S.?” ​ National Public Radio​ . 14 April 2016.

Web. 15 April 2016.

14​

“U.S. Wearable Sensors Market - Growth, Trends & Forecasts (2015-2020).” ​ Reference and Markets.​ January 2016. Web. 15 March 2016.

15​

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APPENDIX

Personas

Meet ​ Jane Jane is a working professional in her late 20s who is very conscious about her health and fitness. She uses her smartphone on a regular basis, and although she is not particularly tech savvy, she has used wearables such as the Fitbit in the past to track her activity. She is a runner who exercises regularly, and because she is aware of the impact plastic bottles have on the environment, she carries a reusable water bottle with her whenever she leaves the house.

Meet ​ Tom Tom is a businessman in his 40s, who spends much of his time travelling between locations for his work. He finds that under the stress of his job, he forgets to keep track of his nutrition and how much water he drinks. When he travels, he often does not know anything about the quality of water at his destinations. Thus, he often purchases bottled water instead of filling up the reusable water bottle that he normally carries.

Meet ​ Kevin Kevin is a college athlete who plays football. When he is training, he follows a strict diet in order to stay physically fit. However, he often finds himself dehydrated, so he has to keep track of his water consumption manually. He also finds himself too busy to keep track of the quality of his water and the cleanliness of his water bottle. As he is in his early 20s he owns a smartphone and is very familiar with its functions.

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CONCEPTS

Prototype Concepts

FIGURE ​ A1​ • Bottle Design 2, New Smoother Body 3, New Body and Cap 3.3 (LEFT TO RIGHT) ​

FIGURE ​ A2​ • Cap Design 3 ​

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Trade Show Concepts

FIGURE ​ A3​ • Smart Water Bottle Concept ​

FIGURE ​ A4​ • Smart Exercise Mat Concept ​

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FIGURE ​ A5​ • HUD Safety Goggles Concept ​

FIGURE ​ A6​ • Behavioral Learning App Concept ​

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Early Concepts Table TABLE ​ A1​ • All One Hundred Early Concepts Part I ​

TABLE ​ A2​ • All One Hundred Early Concepts Part II ​

TABLE ​ A3​ • Most Promising Early Concepts (Identified in Green) Part I ​

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TABLE ​ A4​ • All One Hundred Early Concepts Part II ​

Early Concepts Sketches

FIGURE ​ A7​ • Minimalist Notifications Concepts (Part of Early 100 Concepts) ​

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FIGURE ​ A8​ • Input Method Concepts (Part of Early 100 Concepts) ​

FIGURE ​ A9​ • Visual Output Concepts (Part of Early 100 Concepts) ​

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FIGURE ​ A10​ • Medical and Health Market Concepts (Part of Early 100 Concepts) ​

FIGURE ​ A11​ • Embedding Clothing Concepts (Part of Early 100 Concepts) ​

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FIGURE ​ A12​ • Hearables Concepts (Part of Early 100 Concepts) ​

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SKETCHES

FIGURE ​ A13​ • Snap Lid Concept with Straight Body ​

FIGURE ​ A14​ • Tapered Body Concept ​

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FIGURE ​ A15​ • Tapered Cap and Magnetic Cap Concept ​

FIGURE ​ A16​ • Detailed Taper Body and Magnetic Cap Design ​

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FINAL PROTOTYPES Application Prototype

FIGURE ​ A17​ • Drink Well Application Hydration Tracker and Weekly Achievements (LEFT TO RIGHT) ​

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Bottle Prototypes

FIGURE ​ A18​ • Initial 3D Print of Bottle 2 with Cap 1 (LEFT) and Cap 3 (RIGHT) Using Type A Printers ​

FIGURE ​ A19​ • Final 3D Print of Bottle Using Etcheverry Printers with a Coat of Color ​

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BUSINESS MODEL

Business Diagram

FIGURE ​ A20​ • Bottom Up Analysis Chart ​

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TAM SAM SOM TABLE A​ 5​ • TAM SAM SOM Overview ​

BUSINESS MODEL

OVERVIEW ○ US Bottled Water Market​ $9.372 billion ​

TAM Total Available Market

(Single serve water bottles ~ 65% of the $14.418b bottled water market, by volume) Global Bottled Water Market ​ $​ 117.361 billion World population​ ~7 billion ​

○ ○ ○ Bottled Water Drinkers ● ● ●

Americans used approx 50 million plastic water bottles Annual sales of reusable beverage containers roughly $1.5 billion in the U.S.​ * The industry is very fragmented with many different brands

○ US Bottled Water drinkers who do not rely on it for clean water ​ $6.6B​ ​ (see below for breakdown) ○ Affluent individuals​ who can afford a more ​ expensive water bottle (15-20% of US population)

○ Specific industries ​ Hospitals, outdoors, sports ○ People who have reusable water bottles ○ People who don’t trust tap water ●

SAM Strategic Addressable Market ● ●

●

SOM Served Obtainable Market

In households with an income above $100,000, 6 in 10 people were comfortable with their water quality, but only 4 in 10 from households making less than $50,000 were​ ** Today, 77 percent of Americans are concerned about pollution in their drinking water​ *** In a 2007 telephone survey of 1,606 Washington residents, more than half said they trust bottled water more than tap. For young people (under age 35), fully 61 percent said they trust bottled water more​ **** According to a poll taken by the Associated Press, only 47% of Americans still believe that their tap water is safe to drink​ *****

○ SAM x 10% Est. Rate of interest in a Smart Bottle ​ ~ $660 Million ○ Health conscious users ○ Tech aficionados ○ People who do outdoor activities ○ Those unhappy with cleaning their water bottle on a daily basis ○ Those who use smart devices ● ●

* SOURCE 1: Newell Rubbermaid ** ​ SOURCE 2 *** ​ SOURCE 3 **** ​ SOURCE 4 ***** ​ SOURCE 5

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Smartphones: 68% of american population Smartwatches: 15% of american population

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Bottom-Up Analysis ○ Average American uses 167 disposable bottles a year ● Drinking the recommended servings of water only in bottled water amounts to roughly $1400 a year​ (​ Source​ ) ○ We want to place our water bottle at around a price point of $50 ASP in order to be able to implement hydrophobic features and possibly smart functionality ● This is reasonable to assume, because the Average american buys 167 bottles a year; this price point would allow users to save money still ○ Cost of manufacturing a bottle ● Roughly $10 if volume is appropriate and number of features is feasible ○ Other costs ● We assume an additional $20 per unit in advertising and logistics fees ○ 1 year revenue goal ● Roughly $100,000 in order to offset initial manufacturing costs and R&D of electronics and hydrophobic etching ● Other kickstarter campaigns for smart bottles have initial goals in the $30,000 range; however they do not use technologies such as hydrophobic coatings. Our R&D expenditure and initial manufacturing setup would be higher. ​ (​ Source 1​ and ​ Source 2​ ) ● A goal of $100,000/($50-$30) = 5000 units to successfully sell in the first year in order to bring us to our revenue goals. ● Assuming that the vast majority of customers would buy 1 bottle each (at least initially), we will need to have roughly ​ 5000 customers​ .

-

This is likely lower than what was found with a top down analysis because we have to consider a feasible volume of initial sales. Despite the market being relatively large, there are factors such as effective marketing and the reputation of established competitors that could prevent us from reaching the full market share that is potentially available.

○ Who uses water bottles ● Anyone who wants to drink water portably ○ Who will use smart cool water bottles ● Affluent areas that can afford such products ○ Where are water bottles sold ● Independent Stores ● Sports stores ● Retail stores (Target, Costco)

Global Water Bottle Market​ $​ 117.361 billion ​ (​ Source​ ) US Water Bottle Market​ $14.418 billion Calculations 45.4% (Regularly purchase bottled water) - 13.4% (Bottled water is their primary drinking water source) = 32% of Americans who regularly purchase bottled water without it being vital to their clean water access 32%/45.4% = 70.5% of American bottled water drinkers who have alternative means to access clean water. At 70.5% of the bottled water market, this represents ~ $6.6B. (​ Source​ )

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BILL OF MATERIALS ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

6.125 oz of 18/8 stainless steel​ $6/lb retail (Grainger) = $2.29 Hydrofluoric acid​ ​ $108.80/L retail (Sigma Aldrich) Assume 20 washes = $5.44 Nitric acid​ ​ $26/L retail (Sigma Aldrich), = $1.30 Magnets​ ​ $1.50 (estimated by retail prices of 1in x .5in neodymium magnets) Battery​ ​ $0.50 bulk (2​ 032 Battery Li​ -ion Rechargeable Button Cell LR2032 CR2032) Tether​ ​ $6.50 (Raytac Bluetooth MDBT40 LE module) Cap​ ​ .30 oz = $0.23 (assume an additional 10% stainless steel) Ultrasonic Sensor​ ​ $2.26 (in bulk) ATmega168 Microcontroller​ ​ $2.53 (in bulk)

Total Material Cost​ $22.55(including acids needed for making superhydrophobic) *potentially lower if bulk acids, magnets, bluetooth LE, and stainless steel*

Total material cost excluding acids​ $15.81

TRADESHOW DOCUMENTATION Images

FIGURE ​ A21-22​ • Trade Show Board and Team Photo (LEFT TO RIGHT) ​

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Board Presentation

FIGURE ​ A23​ • Initial Observation of Problems ​

FIGURE ​ A24​ • Reframing the Initial Problem ​

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FIGURE ​ A25​ • Designing the Water Bottle ​

FIGURE ​ A26​ • Testing the Prototypes ​

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SURVEYS Water Bottle Survey • Midterm Tradeshow

TABLE ​ A6​ • Original Water Bottle Survey Results ​

How aware are you of the How often water quality do you use of your source a refillable when you fill water up your water bottle? bottle?

5

4

Do you keep track of your consum What concerns would you ption of have with a smart water water? bottle?

1 No

2 No

What other functionalities would you want a smart water bottle to have?

Sustainability of materials ­ if I'm using this to replace usage of a regular water bottle, and the Make it easy to clean, water bottle isn't sustainable integrate it with other there's really no point devices I use

Battery Life? Too expensive (more than $20).

"zen" integration/consumption tracker with smartphone, not super invasive

5

1 No

Charging it

Tell me how dirty the water is, then a timer as it gets filtered or whatever

1

5 Yes

price

5

4 No

I would be concerned with losing my water bottle. I purposely use a cheap ~$8 workout bottle as a water bottle so that if i lose it, the cost is not too much. I would also be concerned with break the bottle because the bottle frequently drops out of my backpack and onto the ground. vibration feedback, I've gone through 5+ workout small screen, water bottles from dropping and the filter, anti microbial plastic cap breaking features

2

1 No

what if it's too smart?

it shrinks if there's not very much water in it

2 No

The cost of how much it would be, and the accuracy of how it works.

Maybe there can be a way for users to input age, height, and weight

5

32

drink well.

and the water bottle can figure out how much water you need.

5

4 Yes

The price. If it costs more it had better make my life that much better.

Temperature control would be nice, but probably expensive.

5

3 Yes

Cost and safety of the UV exposure

Long lasting, easy clean features, convenient design, cool/hot insulation, easy water intake technology

5

4 No

electronics and water

Durability

2

1 No

Analysis of the effects of my water drinking habits. Whether I should slow down water consumption. Perhaps include an automatic water flow control system that will reduce water flow if you drank Short circuiting, cost (it would be too much water at once. very expensive with solar This can be good for panels), durability athletes

4

4 No

4 No

That all the extra stuff would make it too big.

Stats on money or plastic saved by not buying disposable plastic bottles.

5 No

External power source when there is no solar power to turn the sensors on

Microbial life detector, mercury detector, water filtration of larger particulates

3 No

It's accuracy about the water quality and it's safety in the heat Keep the water cold or something. (like a thermos)

5

5

5

33

drink well.

Water Bottle Survey • Iterated Bottle

TABLE ​ A7​ • Iterated Water Bottle Survey Results ​ DO YOU REGULARLY USE A REUSABLE WATER BOTTLE?

WHAT FEATURES OF YOUR BOTTLE DO YOU LIKE? (aside from carrying water)

Yes

Size (fits into my backpack), sexy orange color, not too heavy, curves in the right places, got a key chain so I can show off my water bottle twirling skills.

Yes

Weight, material, shape

Uneasy to carry on

No

Fits snug in my backpack ware holder, insulates well

I tend to forget it places and others feel no compunction to leave it

Yes

Size is my most important factor. My usual one is a liter, whereas when I go biking I need a smaller one that fits in the holder on my bike.

Yes

Flop open/close nozzle

Yes

Shape, weight

Yes

Something not too heavy, and that can fit in cup holders in my car.

No

weight

Yes

Shape, it's small and fits

Yes

At least 1 liter

I do use water bottle.

Yes

Appearance and Insulation

Yes

Small/light, leak­proof

I usually re­buy plastic bottles and reuse them

Yes

Carabiners, shape, tightly closed, insulating, don't need an ID holder

Lose them

Yes

The nozzle doesn't require me to lift it. It is one of those Gatorade water bottles I can just squeeze and a solid stream of water comes out.

Yes

I like that the taste and temperature don't change.

Yes

One button push to open top, makes it easy to get water quickly.

Lid closing on top, makes it easy to close spout(since capping the kid closes it) and makes it so nothing gets on the actual spout.

Also has a filter which is pretty dope.

34

IF YOU DON’T USE A WATER BOTTLE, WHY NOT?

When I'm in a hurry I grab a disposal water bottle or when I'm going out of the house and can't get to wash my water bottle.

drink well.

No

fountains are good enough

Yes

Portability, doesn't leak, proper flow of water so I don't drink too much at once

No

its gotta be compact tho

Yes

Shape,Weight,Size,Unique Features

Yes

Straw, BPA free plastic

Yes

cheap, easy to open and light weighted

Yes

Shape

No

reusability

don't like to carry it around, need to clean it

Yes

Light weight!

Yes

shape, weight, size

Yes

light, fashionable, can contain at least 500ml

Yes

Has a screw on lid, not totally exposed mouthpiece, durable

Yes

durability, shape, color

Yes

Size

No

Plastic bottles

No

size

I keep losing it

Yes

weight, durability, mid­size, don't like straw/suction tubs

Yes

Hand grip, light weight, temperature resistance on outside, a handle

Yes

Shape, color, design, water spout

Yes

The cylindrical shape, the color, the simplicity, the thermal features, the hook­bottle cap

No

It has a handle on top, like a Camelbak, and it should hold more liquid than a regular cup.

It should be easy to check how full it is without opening

Yes

Won't leak, glass but durable, pretty, strap to hold by finger, keeps cool

Yes

I really like the feature where you can press a button and the sippy nozzle will extend outward. At other times, the sippy nozzle is protected from damage and dirtiness with a cover.

Yes

lightweight, bpa free, holds a lot of water, straw

35

i always lose it

I don't like having to refill it, and then there is little point to carrying it around empty

drink well.

Yes

Hand grip, light weight, temperature resistance on outside, a handle

No

I do not carry around water bottle.

Yes

spout design, so gets less dirty than the straw design; lightweight

Yes

Carabiner loops

Yes

Leaves no flavor in the water. My mouth can fit completely around the nozzle. easy to clean. Not to many moving parts. lid attached to the bottle

Yes

Large size, the screw cap (no accidental hands on the spout), keeps water cold for a long time.

Yes

Can open with my mouth (not screw off), medium size and weight, contoured shape

Yes

Size, ability to keep water cold

Yes

Convenient size, easy to use

No

straw/easy to drink, fits in back pack side pocket, easy to clean, cool colors

Yes

Straw feature, color, handle grip

Yes

Weight, size

No

No plastic, clip on, big spout (for cleaning),

Yes

Size, Capacity

No

Shape

Yes

Keeps water cool holds 1 liter or more

Yes

I would like the water bottle to fit comfortably in my backpack bottle compartment. Also a lightweight bottle is something I take into consideration.

No

Fits in backpack cup holders

Don't need for everyday activities

Yes

its large, easy to use

No

Clean mouth not difficult to drink from, appearance

Dont have time to wash it

Yes

Size, weight, keeps my drinks cool, design

Yes

I love the chubby chute camelbak and the fact that it doesn't have a straw

1)Rinsing problem after use (Hard to rinse), 2)Often forget where I put it.

I do.

36

drink well.

Yes

Large size, durability, ease of use

Yes

Big Size

Yes

No

Yes

Keeping water cool

Yes

slender

Yes

Shape, amount it holds, fit of lip for my mouth, cheap, durable, i can put stickers on it

Yes

Straw so it's easier to drink

Yes

Size and durability

Yes

Drinking mechanism

Yes

Yes

There's a little section with a fruit infuser at the bottom

Yes

Large, no leaking, not heavy

Yes

Not made of plastic so it can be in the sun without smelling weird.

Attached lid

Yes

clear odorless plastic, wide mouth, nice loop for carrying, indestructible

Yes

durable

Yes

Design (college logo), size (regular average size), easy to drink from

Yes

Keeps drinks cool, Doesn't sweat

No

See through, carries enough for a day, easy to drink out of and open

N/A

No

Lightweight. Logo. Small size.

Too lazy to fill it up. Cannot trust public water fountains so buy large batches of bottled springwater and take one bottle per day to school.

Yes

Lightweight, large size (at least 1.5L)

Yes

Low profile, lightweight, doesn't leak, stylish

No

Shape and size

Yes

My water bottle can carry 1L, which is convenient so I don't have

37

Inconvenience to carry and wash

drink well.

to refill it every single time I drink large gulps Yes

Carrying water

No

Size

Yes

I like the top to double as a handle that can easily be held, large size for maximum water carrying, plastic/lightweight, small opening

No

Yes

Can hold hot and cold liquids

Yes

Yes

Keeps it cold

Yes

aesthetic appearance

No

Lightweight, slick on the outside, longer than it is wide

No

Yes

Cap, not too big, cylinder shaped, very light

Yes

Lightweight, style, no spilling

Yes

size, weight, handle, color

Yes

Easy to open, THERMOS / DOUBLE LAYERED, not plastic, light

Yes

I like the size, it's a liter, and I like that I can put a Clip on it

Yes

Size, portability, convenience(opening, cleaning, drinking from it)

Yes

lightweight, easy shape to carry

Yes

Easy to clean

Yes

Weight, size

Yes

Yes

Vacuum to keep water cold or hot, weight

Yes

Yes

Light weight

Yes

Lightweight, leak­proof, easy to refill and clean, convenient spout,

Yes

Small, with straw

Yes

Lightweight, easy to hold

Yes

Weight, size, easy to clean

Yes

Compact/varying size, easy to carry alone, spill­proof. (See

I don't like water

38

drink well.

Thermos, my current favorite) No

Slick design

They're wack

Yes

It has a handle which provides good grip. It also has measurements printed on the side.

Yes

Yes

Shape, features

No

Filter, heat insulating, easy to hold/carry, fits in cupholders, lightweight

Too hard to keep track of

Yes

Size, shape, straw (contigo brand)

No

Design/aesthetics

Yes

Insulation to keep water cold, good seal so it doesn't leak

Yes

Scalable, drinking spout, durable enough to throw around, can wrap my hand around and reach 3/4 around, easy to clean.

No

Keeps my water cold :­)

No

a cap so where you drink from does not touch the outer world

sometimes I forget it at home lmao

No

Mostly the shape and the light weight.

Yes

Made of glass (no metallic or plastic taste), lockable lid (no spills)

Yes

Wide mouth, not too wide, medium capacity, simple design, easy to open and close

Yes

22 Oz, and carrying compartment

Yes

EASY TO CLEAN. Holds a significant amount of fluid. Not going to break.

N/A

Yes

Minimal condensation, fits into pockets, easy to drink from but leak proof

Water available at high school

Yes

durability of my nalgene and I like that it has room to decorate with plenty of stickers.

Yes

Easy to carry, aesthetically pleasing

Yes

That it's a hydroflask cuz im basic

Yes

bigger the better, transparent, light

Yes

Nalgenes are the bomb

No

My parents keep buying plastic

39

drink well.

water bottles from Costco Yes

I like when the drinking nozzle is covered.

Yes

shape

Yes

Durable, filter

Yes

I like the design of Contigo/Camelbak waterbottles. The snap up straw is extremely convenient and makes it so you don't have to screw and unscrew the lid every time you want a drink. I like my water bottles to be clear (so I guess that means made out of plastic), shatter­proof, dishwasher­safe, and leak proof. I also think it's nice to have lines on the side of the bottle marking the water level.

Yes

Shape and color

Yes

Clip, clear body, big size

Yes

It keeps my water cold, stores a lot of water, and has a unique grip.

Yes

Shape, measuring units on side, insulating

Yes

Size, color, bite spout, handle

Yes

Shape, Color

No

Shape

Hassle to constantly keep tabs on it. Worried might drop it.

Yes

Cool designs

Yes

color (make sure I know it's mine) reliability, amount of water it holds

Yes

a straw, NO LEAKING, like a loop or something I can hold to carry it around with

Yes

It has a straw HAHA ✌

Yes

Weight, shape

Yes

holds 1 L, has loop so can use carabeaner to attach to things, cool colors

Yes

750ml, pretty color, camelbak!

Yes

I'm a big fan of HydroFlasks, but generally, I like funky ones with personality that keep my beverages icy cold.

Yes

Shape. Easy to carry.

Yes

lightweight, large volume, easy to hold (cap has handle), sealed tight

n/a

No

the Camelbak squeeze part

so expensive and i keep losing

40

drink well.

them Yes

Loop/hole to carry with, large volume

Yes

a nice handle to convenient hold it around would be nice

Yes

Light, insulated, a cool nozzle, chain

Yes

shouldn't be transparent, if it has a straw it should be easy to clean

Yes

A handle or something to carry it by not just the bottle part ya know?

Yes

Size, color, bite spout, handle

Yes

Shape, size, color

Yes

Fits in cup holder, easy to carry, keeps water/tea cold/hot respectively.

Yes

Sturdy seal, large size, not too heavy

Yes

Weight, shape

Yes

Straw, designs, light, retains temperature

Yes

Size, shape

Yes

Light weight bottle, fits in my bag(tall but skinny), 20­30oz

I forgot it at home

Yes

Weight, portability, spill­free

Yes

Easy to hold

probably cuz drinking fountains

No

Size.

No

Large size, easy to carru

Don't want to have to lug it around

Yes

Durability.

What type of water do you drink most often?

How often do you clean your water bottle?

Would you be interested in using a water bottle resistive to gunk buildup and bacteria present in tap water(Rinsing alone cleans the bottle)?

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Bottled Water

Every Day

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a month

5

41

drink well.

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

3

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

5

Bottled Water

Every Day

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

2

Tap Water

Once a Week

3

Tap Water

Once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a month

4

Tap Water

Less than once a month

1

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Bottled Water

Every Day

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a month

5

Tap Water

Every Day

4

Tap Water

Once a month

4

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

1

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

2

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Once a month

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

2

Tap Water

Every Day

4

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

42

drink well.

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a month

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a month

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a month

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

3

Tap Water

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

1

Tap Water

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a month

4

Tap Water

Once a month

4

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

2

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

3

Tap Water

Less than once a month

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

43

drink well.

Tap Water

Less than once a month

4

Bottled Water

Every Day

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

4

Tap Water

Once a Week

2

Tap Water

Once a Week

3

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

4

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

4

Bottled Water

Every Day

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

3

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

1

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

4

Bottled Water

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Bottled Water

Once a Week

3

Bottled Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Bottled Water

Multiple Times a Week

4

Bottled Water

Every Day

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

3

Bottled Water

Once a month

2

Tap Water

Every Day

5

Tap Water

Once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

4

Tap Water

Once a Week

4

44

drink well.

Tap Water

Less than once a month

1

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

4

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

4

Tap Water

Every Day

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

2

Bottled Water

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

4

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Bottled Water

Less than once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Bottled Water

Once a month

3

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a month

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

45

drink well.

Tap Water

Every Day

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

3

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Bottled Water

Less than once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

3

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

3

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

4

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

3

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

3

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Every Day

5

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

4

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

4

Bottled Water

Once a Week

4

46

drink well.

Tap Water

Once a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

5

Tap Water

Every Day

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Less than once a month

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

4

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Bottled Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Bottled Water

Multiple Times a Week

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Bottled Water

Every Day

4

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Every Day

5

Tap Water

Once a Week

5

Tap Water

Less than once a month

3

Filtered Water(e.g.Brita)

Once a Week

5

Would you be interested in a water bottle that kills bacteria in your tap water (using UV radiation)?

How much would you pay for a watter bottle with both of these features? Please enter the maximum price you would pay

Would you be interested in a water bottle that tracks how much water you drink every day, and reminds you when to drink water?

How much would you pay for a water bottle with this hydration tracking feature? Please enter the maximum price you would pay

5

25

5

30 (if includes previously mentioned features)

5

20

3

10

5

$35

4

$5 extra

47

drink well.

4

20

4

15

2

20

3

10

3

5

4

6

3

40

5

30

5

10

5

10

5

30

5

25

4

15

4

30

2

$10

5

$20

4

$25

4

$45

3

20

3

30

3

$6

3

$5

1

$5

1

$0

5

$25

5

$30

2

30

5

25

3

$10

5

$10

4

$10, unless it has a tracking device, then maybe $30

5

$30

3

10

5

5

5

35

5

40

4

>$25

4

$20

5

40

5

30

4

$15

3

$20

4

$20

4

$10

1

if it costs the same as a regular water bottle. I do not mind a little bacteria.

1

if it costs the same as a regular water bottle. I am already very hydrated.

2

$20

1

$20

5

15

2

0

5

$15

4

$17

5

25 dollars

4

25 dollars

2

3.5

5

4.2

48

drink well.

3

20

5

20

4

20

5

20

5

20

5

15

5

$40

5

$50

5

$35

5

$10

4

$14

5

$17

5

$27

5

$30

2

$20

1

0

4

15$

1

0

5

20

5

15

1

$30

2

20 (I don't really need this feature)

3

$20

4

$15

2

$15

1

$7

1

$20

5

$50

5

50

5

50

5

35

2

15

3

30

1

10

3

$30

2

$15

3

$13

4

$13

3

$20

4

$29

5

$20

5

$25

3

100

5

100

5

20 Euros

3

20 Euros

4

60

2

20

5

60$

4

50

4

I would say no more than $50

5

$20

2

$15

1

$5

4

$8

3

$10

5

15

1

10

49

drink well.

3

30

2

30

3

$25

3

$30

5

25

1

idgaf

5

15

5

20

5

20

5

40

1

$15

2

$15

3

$35

5

$40

4

$30

5

$40

2

20$, i mean i can just wash my bottle when i do my dishes. Also the outside of my bottle gets gross, its not just the inside of the bottle (sweaty hands, touches ground etc)

2

i track how much water i drink by having a goal to finish my full waterbottle by the end of the day. it would be helpful if i had a medical condition

3

26.59

4

36.98

4

10

2

2

4

40

5

45

5

30

4

20

4

£15 ($21.91)

3

$25

2

25

1

20

5

$50

5

$50

5

25

1

10

5

$25

5

$30

1

15

1

10

3

30

4

20

3

$30

2

$30

3

$25 max. Would prefer $20 though

5

$40

5

20

4

15

4

$25

1

$25

4

150

5

150

5

$40

4

$20

50

drink well.

4

$30

1

$20

4

2.5

5

5

1

$15

1

$0

2

25

2

25

5

12

5

15

2

$20

4

$20

3

25

4

40

4

30

1

0

5

25

3

20

2

$5

4

$15

5

25

5

40

3

25

3

30

4

20

5

25

4

30

5

30

5

$30

5

$15

3

$20

3

$25

3

$30

3

$40

5

$25

3

$20

5

30

3

30

5

35

5

50

3

50

2

25

4

20

4

20

4

$40

2

$15

4

30

3

20

4

$25

4

$20

5

10

3

5

5

25

5

20

1

Probably would not buy either for hiking/outdoor purposes.

1

Probably wouldn't buy since I'm already fairly conscious.

5

10

5

20

51

drink well.

4

$20

4

$30

5

15

5

20

5

$50

5

$35

5

$50

2

$8

5

$20

5

$30

4

$20

5

$30

5

20

5

25

3

60

2

20

5

21

5

25

5

$30

5

$30 I'm a poor college student sorry

4

$35

2

$40

4

40

4

30

5

$30

5

$45

5

30

4

33

3

$20

1

legit would not pay lol

5

$45

5

$45

2

35

4

50

5

$20

5

$35

4

30

3

30

5

8$

3

5$

5

25$?

5

15

5

35

3

40

4

25

2

15

1

15

5

15

3

20

5

20

3

$20?

2

$10­15? (only because I wouldn't need this feature)

1

15

5

20

5

45

3

40

1

20

5

20

52

drink well.

5

30

5

40

5

20

5

30

5

20

5

25

5

15

3

10

2

20

5

25

5

20 usd

5

20 usd

5

30

2

20

3

20?

5

tbh idk maybe like 30

1

40

1

50

3

25

4

20

2

$20

5

$25

3

$20

5

$30

2

50

5

80

5

$30

2

$20

1

$10

1

doesn't seem interesting

5

40

1

5

5

$20

3

$20

5

$20

1

$10

2

15

1

0 becase i dont really need that information

5

$25? Depends on aesthetic color size

4

I wouldn't

5

20

5

30

3

20

3

25

5

40

4

40

5

$50

1

$20

1

40

1

50

3

20

2

10

3

20

5

30

5

$20

5

$30

3

50

5

50

53

drink well.

3

10

3

5

5

30

2

30

1

30

5

50

5

20

4

10

What other features would you want in a water bottle?

What activities do you keep a bottle with you for?

Have you ever lost a reusable bottle?

insulating? Maybe holds liquids for a large temperature range

Changes colors based on water temperature

Something that can tell you how much water is recommend for you, and like a goal checklist or something.

Appearance is a big factor, but also it should have good insulation so it can hold hot water without burning the holder. Lastly, it should never leak in any circumstance.

Ability to create compartments, shaker ball integrated, tea leaves, temperature, keep it cold

Nothing

Easy access spout, protected spout. Easy to carry.

a clock and text messages and calling and move watching pls.

54

drink well.

secure lid that's easy to open with one hand

keep water cold

Self­cleaning/refilling

no leakage

Windows 10 compatibility

magically produce water in it.

Tracking system in case it gets lost or stolen

durability

it should look sick. also make it see­through; not knowing how much water is left is annoying.

Light and easy to clean.

Built­in clip to attach to backpack

Class, homework

Yes

School

Yes

GPS

Regular water intake

Yes

The ability to fill it at a short water fountain without having to strain the angle

gym, walking around

Y e s

Unbreakable

Everything

Yes

N/A

All

Yes

handle

Sports practice, tests taking, traveling.

Yes

BPA free!

Lounging, class, on the go activities

Yes

55

drink well.

A handle for easy transport/something that connects the water bottle to your backpack other than in the bottle holders; a tracking device in case you lose the water bottle

Class, the gym, traveling, every day use

Y e s

Glass and this tech should be in the lid so people can choose the simple base material (metal, plastic, glass) that they want.

Exercise and sleep

N o

Any activity ­ but mostly swimming

Yes

Filtration

Yes

Water

Yes

I carry a water bottle with for general everday activities, such as: soccer, studying, walking, running, etc

Yes

Hiking

No

I keep it at my desk to use while studying

Yes

Cute

Dance practice

Yes

Keeps drinks at a steady temperature, customizable design, easy to hold and carry

Rehydration

N o

Yes

easy to refill, easy to drink from, leak proff. Currently use camelbak chute and it's great!

Day to day

Y e s

School

No

Everything

Yes

Yes

Fit ice inside, not heavy, easy to wash inside

School, gym, errands

N o

Yes

School, work, sports, E everything really

in my backpack at school

compact and portable for flying on a plane, quick to dry (i hate the algae/mildew smell)

Hydration, exercising, walking Y around school e s

A straw. Cool features but on a hydroflask

Everything?

Y e s

Swim

Yes

Gym

No

Yes

56

drink well.

That it comes in different colours (I prefer blue)

Staying on campus for long hours, walks, running

N o

daily life, especially sports

No

All the time.

Yes

Sleek looks, GPS tracking, does my laundry

Everything

N o

track and class

Yes

School, work out

No

Walking, Running, Gym visits, in class, in my dorm. (All the time)

Yes

None I'm a simple guy

Exercise, general drinking purposes

Yes

Keeping it cool.

School. Traveling

No

Everything

No

School, sports, almost everything.

No

Sports

Yes

Closes lid automatically

Soccer, gym, and classes

Yes

School, sports, volunteering

No

Any­­I bring one everywhere I go

Yes

Almost all activities

Yes

Yes

Easy to carry places

Walking

No

Yes

School

Yes

Drinking

No

Straw where you can drink out of it; needs to not spill or leak when it falls on its side

Sports...but even that's irregular

N o

I don't

No

None

Sports, school, everything

Yes

Exercising, classes, driving

Yes

everything

Yes

57

drink well.

Everything (classes, meetings, sleeping, eating, etc.)

No

Collapsible when empty

All activities

No

Any form of exercise, moving around, eating at home, studying, and working

Yes

School and working out

No

Everything/anything

No

Running

Yes

Survival

No

School, workouts, everything

Yes

School

Yes

Running, school

Yes

insulated, durable, sleek

Going to and from class, exercising, going out

No

School

No

Drinking

No

Stores 1­1.5L, clear

EVERYTHING

Yes

Durability. Ideally tough plastic. Able to drink without unscrewing entire lid. No taste/heat resistant. Different sizes offered for the same cap/design

Class, exercise, general hydration during the day. (compact sizes)

N o

Cool design

School

Yes

Dance/Working out

Yes

Yes

Sports(tennis)

No

Filter, insulating (thermos)

School, work, exercise, driving

Yes

School, extracurriculars

Yes

Ability to take any water (i.e. River water) and make it safe for drinking

Sports

Y e s

Drinking water during class, drinking water at the gym

Yes

Anytime in school and when I exercise.

Yes

Nice design

Track practice

Yes

58

drink well.

cute designs

school and excersize

Yes

The gym

Yes

School, outdoor activities

Yes

Attachable ring or soemthing of the sort

Everything: classes, workouts, shopping, etc

N o

Everything

Yes

doesn't smell

any time I'm not at home

Yes

Traveling, volunteering, school

No

can be attached to a backpack or bag using a caribeaner, can fit in a cup holder in the car

school, hiking, yoga, gym, around the house

Y e s

Working out, daily hydration

No

none

school

Yes

honestly simpler the better ­ really only important thing is clean/bacteria free for health

Y e s

School, life

Yes

Yes

Water drinking

Yes

to drink

No

Exercise and staying hydrated during the day

No

Leak proof

Daily errands, workouts, school. I also bring a water bottle whenever I know I won't have regular access to a water fountain or clean drinking source

No

School, Gym

N o

Yes

Can provide other health statistics.

Studying, eating

Y e s

Daily life

Yes

Track, school

Yes

Sports

Yes

GPS and heart rate monitor Ability to keep water cold

School, work outs

59

drink well.

Marching Band, School

Yes

N/a

Drink water, wash hands

Yes

v reliable lid!!

absolutely everything

Yes

If a water bottle leaks notoriously I will hate it, that sums it up, fits in car cup holder, good for hot drinks too

everything, it never leaves my Y side e s

Presentations, exercise, school No in general

Insulator

Drinking? lol

Yes

for backpacking etc there are filtration straws so you can drink stream water w/o iodine or filtration. that would be neat for a water bottle/water bladder system

all day every day, hiking (switching to camelbak soon)

Y e s

No

Tracks how many water calories I'm putting in me. Lol jk, seriously, a water bottle's ability to keep things chilled matters the most to me. And aesthetic. And environmental friendliness.

Swimming and being generally thirsty

Y e s

Class, and working out

Yes

n/a

school, walking, running, swimming, day trips

Yes

camelbak nipple thing

none

Yes

Everything

No

sports, school

Yes

Sports, schools, anxiety Yes attacks (not an activity though!)

doesn't get moldy

almost everything

Yes

Everything

Yes

Track, school

Yes

Drinking

Yes

Keep liquid either hot or cold for a long time!

Hydration!

Y e s

Classes, Exercise

No

Insulator

Drinking? lol

Yes

School, sports

No

School, lacrosse

Yes

NO LEAKING!!

Sports, school, home

Yes

Working out, stay hydrated

60

drink well.

Hydration during school classes, dance training

Yes

charge my phone lol

Sports, School

Yes

Badminton, Hiking, School

No

Hiking

No

­an accompanying app that displays your water intake and has a going to class, going to the GPS/bluetooth locator of your water bottle so you don't lose it. gym. ­adjustable water temperature ­collapsible/ easy to carry, especially when empty ­customizable­ changes colors

61

Y e s