ADAPTIVE FACADES

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Lumière Coryphée

Adaptive Facades P6/P9
GODO ZABUR SINGH

What is an Adaptive Façade?

Adaptive façade is a building exterior that can change in response to its surrounding environment to maximize its performance. In this way, the 'skin' of the building is not static, but dynamic and can transform according to requirements.

Location : New Delhi, India

P6/P9 CONTEXTUAL FAÇADE DESIGN ASHLEY GROVER | GODO ZABUR SINGH | HYEONJI SEOL | JUNAID NASIR

Climate Analysis

Monthly Diurnal Averages

Temperature (℃)

Dry bulb mean

Wet bulb mean Global horz

Radiation (wh/sq.m)

Direct normal

Diffuse

P6/P9 CONTEXTUAL FAÇADE DESIGN ASHLEY GROVER | GODO ZABUR SINGH | HYEONJI SEOL | JUNAID NASIR

Climate Analysis Design strategy needed during a year

Cooling, add Dehumidification (3552hrs)

Sun Shading of Windows (2299 hrs)

Internal Heat Gain (1625 hrs)

Two-stage Evaporative Cooling (1322 hrs)

Fan-Forced Ventilation Cooling (943 hrs)

Passive Solar Direct Gain High Mass (809 hrs)

Heating, add Humidification (678 hrs)

Dehumidification only (280hrs)

Inference- We need a system which blocks sunlight in interiors during summers and allow it during cold temperature. This will decrease heating and cooling loads giving comfortable interiors.

P6/P9 CONTEXTUAL FAÇADE DESIGN ASHLEY GROVER | GODO ZABUR SINGH | HYEONJI SEOL | JUNAID NASIR

Design inspirations

Dynamic Experiences found in Nature Bio-mimicry

Nyctinasty is the circadian rhythmic nastic movement of higher plants in response to the onset of darkness, or a plant "sleeping" Nyctinastic movements are associated with diurnal light and temperature changes and controlled by the circadian clock

Max Min Kinetic mechanism concept

Development of Origami shading part

Pattern 1

Pattern 2

Pattern 3

Pattern 4

Parameterizing

Origami Pattern

Folding Plan

Simulating the folding pattern

Final pattern - top

Final pattern - bottom

Development of the gear-based inner mechanism

First mechanism concept

Second iteration with improvements

Inner mechanism with shading attached

Possible driving systems for the kinetic mechanism

vs

Wax-based system Electromagnet based system

Mechanism 1 : Based on principle of Autovents for Greenhouses

(Paraffin wax + spring system)

Spring helps bring back the system once the wax is cold again

Autovents for Greenhouses

(Paraffin wax + spring system)

Cool - 5° C

Warm - 35° C

Solid wax

Liquid wax

(Expands)

Metal tube

Metal tube

Metal rod

Metal Rod (Being pushed outside By the wax)

Wax needs a large volume to expand sufficiently

In thicker volumes, the outer layers act as self-insulating and prevents heat from reaching inside

The expansion and phase-change of wax is a slow process

The wax container needs to be expandable as well as sealed, increasing chances of leakage

CONCLUSION

Mechanism 2 : Electromagnet based ( Electromagnet + Heat switch)

the piston move the gears and shading mechanism is engaged

radiation from sun heats the heatswitch above 30 degrees and activates the circuit

power runs through the electromagnet and it pulls the piston towards it

as the circuit completes, current from the power source is drawn

Top Rail

Customized gear+ hands

Metal base (without electricity)

Heat switch (incomplete circuit)

Cool - 5° C
Outer Shell

Top

Customized gear+ hands

Rail

Metal base (Working as an electromagnet)

Heat switch (Completes circuit)

Warm - 35° C
Outer Shell

Prototype Assembly

1. Gear-based inner mechanism

2. Heat switch

3. Battery

4. Piston

5. Screw

6. Electromagnet

7. Cable

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

PROBLEM : The 3d printed model has a very rough surface. Therefore it creates too much friction for the piston to move freely inside the tube.

SOLUTION : This situation was alleviated by sanding all the surfaces that have to come into contact with one another.

PROBLEM : The Electromagnet moves towards the piston as the piston is moving towards the magnet.

SOLUTION : This was corrected by creating a proper housing inside the tube and fixing the magnet in place with adhesive.

PROBLEM : The mechanism is not activated by temperature change.

SOLUTION : Added a heat-switch to complete the circuit.

Final Working Prototype Cluster

Future Prototype Development

arms

grid-attachment

wire-grid

heat-switch

piston

electromagnet

Fabric BIPV

Future Vision

Fabric Solar cells can be used to generate electricity for supporting the mechanism and produce additional energy for the building. Due to its adaptive nature and concave form, it will be an efficient solution for producing energy.

Attachment and Installation Details

A B

Mounting Detail : Cables to standard stick-curtain wall

Isometric detail

Primary Façade Function

Sun-shading for indoor comfort

Analysis based on average annual radiation from 5 am to 6 pm

Secondary Façade Function Art Installation

Building Scale

Dynamic Experiences found in Nature

Flocking of Birds

Such patterns may look like the result of extrasensory communication, but they’re in fact the product of emergent animal group behaviour known as flocking. Every change of direction comes not as a result of an individual member of the flock, but rather of the snap decisions made by those individuals in response to the movements of their neighbours.

Building Scale

Dynamic Experiences found in Nature

Flocking of Birds

Each element can independently open and close according to temperature or be controlled by custom software running a flocking algorithm.

Form adaptive system

visualizations

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