Offshore Islands (2021) | TAIWAN COUNTRYSIDE

2021 Taiwan Countryside * COASTAL TAIWAN

YUN-SHIUAN HSIEH

COEXISTENCE

© Taiwan Panorama

COEXISTENCE

© Taiwan Panorama

B.P. B.P.

6000

6000 B.P. Sea Level

AFTER LAST GLACIAL PERIOD

2050 Sea Level Rise (+10m)

TAIWAN WEST COAST CONTINUOUS CHANGE

GLOBAL WARMING EXTREME CLIMATE CHANGE

Territorial Sea

2050

1990s

1990s

Taiwan West Coast Dump © Our Island

Taichung Port South Coast © Taiwan Panorama

1990s

2021

Yongan Cosat © Taiwan Panorama

Yongan Cosat © Business Weekly

Matsu Islands

Kinmen Islands

Taiwan Coastline

1,988km

Penghu Islands

=

COASTAL AREA High Water Line Low Water Line // Coastline Coastal Land Road

Offshore Area

Green Island

30m

Artficial Coast

67.9% Western Coastline

Liuqiu

6km

× 20,000

Lanyu

864km

Daguan Industrial Zone Guantang Industrial Zone

FP FL Hsinchu Experimental Zone FP FL Hsinchu North

Lize Industrial Zone

FP FL Changhua Yupu

Taichung Export Processing Zone

FH FL Changhua Wanggong

Heping Industrial Zone

Changhua Coastal Industrial Zone

FP Yunlin Taixi Yunlin Offshore Industrial Zone

FP FL Chiayi Aogu FP Chiayi Haomei

Dongshi Industrial Zone

SP Tainan Qigu Binnan Industrial Zone

1720 Taijiang Village

Tainan Technology Industrial Zone

FP Tainan Zengwen

Anping Industrial Zone Kaohsiung Export Processing Zone Kaohsiung Coastal Industrial Zone Linyuan Industrial Zone

FP

Fish Pond

SP

Salt Pan

FH

Fish Harbor

FL

Farmland

1720-1895 Qing Dynasty 1895-1945 Japan

1720-1979

1970-1999

1947-1956 ROC

NATURAL TIDAL FLATS RECLAMATION

COASTAL INDUSTRIAL ZONE BOOMING

1956-1979 ROC

1956 Reclaimed Land Development Law in Taiwan

1970-1999 ROC

1970s Export Processing Zone

TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL COASTAL USE

1990-2000s

landfill

burn waste

recycling processing

thermal power plant

industry zone

harbor

wastewater waste reclamation

theme park

1905

1924

1956 Tidal Flat Tidal Flat

Sandy Flat

Farmland

Farmland

Muddy Flat Fish Pond

Fish Pond

1985

Oyster Farm

Aquafarm

1999

Oyster Farm Industrial Zone Reclamation

2021

Oyster Farm Waste Recycling Industrial Zone

Offshore Wind Farm Google Data Centre Onshore Substations

Farmland Industrial Zone Reclamation

Fish Pond

Farmland Industrial Zone Reclamation

Fish Pond

Solar Panel

Industrial Zone

Farmland Fish Pond

RECLAMATION * CHANGHUA COAST

B

A Rocky Coast B Sandy Coast

A

C Coral Reef Coast D Cliff Coast

C

D

GEOLOGICAL TAIWAN © Geological Magazine - Cambridge University Press 2019

2011. Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident

JAPAN Nuclear Plant No.1&2 Nuclear Plant No.3

TAIWAN

Photo : The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant after a massive earthquake and subsequent tsunami in March 2011. © Getty Image // Britannica

2017 4.9% 9.3%

2025

8%

38.6% 2025. Nuclear-free

39.2%

LNG Coal Renewable Energy

20% 30%

50%

Nuclear Power Other

© Reuters

COAL fired load reduction

RENEWABLE energy expansion

LNG power plant upgrade

PHASE I

PHASE II

Linkou Power Plant

3

?

Bali

Xiehe Power Plant

Waimushan 4

Guantang

Datan Power Plant

Heping Power Plant * Tunghsiao Power Plant 2

Taichung

5 2

Taichung Power Plant

Taichung

6

Taixi

Mailiao Power Plant *

Hsinta Power Plant 1

South Area Power Plant Talin Power Plant

Yongan

1

LNG power generation exceeds coal 2019 250

Total

Yongan 7

Dalinpu

200 150

LNG

100 50 GW 0 1985

Coal-fired Plant LNG Plant LNG Pipe Coastal Area

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

1985-2020

LNG POWER IN EARLY STAGE

2015

2020

Coal

LNG Terminal

Nulear

LNG Terminal (Plan)

2025

2020-Future

COAL-LNG POWER IN TRANSFORMATION

1990s

2000s

LNG Terminal 2

Ash Pond

Taichung Coal Plant

2010s

LNG Terminal

2020s

5

2

TAICHUNG LNG Terminal

5

TAICHUNG LNG Terminal

Offshore Wind Terminal

5 2

Offshore Wind Terminal

2

Taichung Coal-LNG Plant

2

TAICHUNG LNG Terminal

2

Jiading Wetlands Hsinta Port

LNG Ship

Hsinta Coal-LNG Plant

Yongan Wetlands

Yongan LNG Terminal

1

1

YONGAN LNG Terminal

© Ministry of Economic Affairs

Guantang LNG Terminal 3

Guantang Industrial Port

3

GUANTANG LNG Terminal in Construction

Datan LNG Plant

Algae Preserves

© Ministry of Economic Affairs

Algal Reef Algal Reef Algal Reef

© Wild at Heart Legal Defense Association

2050. net zero emissions

RENEWABLE energy expansion

PHASE III

PHASE II

215 78

164

613

23

NORTH AMERICA

2018 2030 2050

ASIA

2018 2030 2050

5

126

2018 2030 2050

19

EUROPE

TAIWAN STRAIT

80% World Ideal

Asia would dominate global offshore wind power installations by 2050, followed by Europe and North America.

MEAN WIND POWER DENSITY Offshore Wind Installed Capacity (GW)

2018 2030 1 2050 3

2018 2030 1 2050 5

Offshore Wind Farms

LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN

OCEANIA

© Global Wind Atlas

av g.

wi

No r th ea nd st sp M on ee n so 11 on .9 4– 12 .0 2m

/s

Carbon Absorption

IT

N WA I TA

10,000,000,000 trees per year

Carbon Reduction

10,450,000

tons per year

A TR

S

2025 Taiwan Strait Wind Power 5.5GW

1,000 9% WIND

2017 Pilot Project

20% RENEWABLE

2020 Building 2021 Building Construction before 2030

2017-2030

Territorial Sea Water Depth -50m

Artificial Reefs

OFFSHORE WIND FARM PLAN

ARTIFICIAL REEFS = UNDERSEA ECOSYSTEM

COASTAL ARTIFICIAL REEFS

237km2 SOCCER FIELD IN TOTAL

33,194 © Pexels

OFFSHORE WIND PLANTS ECOLOGY IMAPCT

© Oceanography Vol.33, No.4 © Taiwan Environmental Information Centre

AR TIF

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.. .

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ARTIFICIAL RE E

UNDERWATER NOISE MONITOR

.... ARTIFICIA L FS E R E

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FS EE

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WHALE & DOLPHIN OBSERVER

WATER -50m DEPTH

COASTAL AREA High Water Line Low Water Line // Coastline

A

B WATER -50m DEPTH

Coastal Land

Offshore Area ++

30m

2017-2030

50m

OFFSHORE WIND FARM CONSTRUCTION

Onshore Substation Offshore Substation

Gravity Base

Monopile Foundation

A

WATER DEPTH > -50m Electric Cable

Tripod Foundation

Jacket Foundation

Barge

Spar-buoy Floater

B

WATER DEPTH < -50m Electric Cable

Semi-submersible Floater

Tension Leg Platform

FORMOSA 1 PILOT PROJECT

© Ørsted

ns et tle dm

Matsu Islands

*

EE X

-u

33km

e

ine nl di a

China’s offshore wind farm is 33km nearby Dongquan, Matsu Islands Kinmen Islands, Matsu Islands (Taiwan Strait) & Pratas Island (South China Sea) are Taiwan’s territory.

TE

RI

A

B

ed

Offshore Wind Farm Booming WATER DEPTH

-50m

IW AN

TA

NA CHI

O RRIT

EA LS

E E X - un settl ed m

OR

DE R

ian

lin

e*

*** TERRITORY PLAN *** MULTI-LAYERING HIGHLY SENSITIVE AREA MAP

Kinmen Islands

TE RR IT OR I

AL

SE A

u

ER RD

BO

XEE

d ttle nse

n line* media

Pratas Island 0

100 km

OFFSHORE TERRITORY & BOUNDARIES © MAP - 4C offshore // Boundaries - Marine Regions

el Ve ss Fis hin g

Bo

at

<3 00 GT

Tu rbi ne I nd Wi

>3 00 GT

La

rge rS hip

el rge rS hip >3

Ve ss

La

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T

nd

N WA I TA

CHANGHUA COASTAL INDUSTRIAL ZONE

Wi

I

R TO I R ER

R DE R BO Ins

EA

S AL

00

GT

ns tal lat ion

TAICHUNG INTERNATIONAL PORT

WATER DEPTH -50m WATER DEPTH -50m

YUNLIN MAILIAO INDUSTRIAL ZONE

CHIAYI DONGSHI CAISANCHO ISLAND Penghu Islands

© Taiwan Panorama

Land Subsidence Level (cm)

OFFSHORE - COAST LANDSCAPE

TAICHUNG INTERNATIONAL PORT

EA

I

N WA I TA

T

R TO I R ER

S AL

R DE R BO

CHANGHUA COASTAL INDUSTRIAL ZONE

WATER DEPTH -50m WATER DEPTH -50m

YUNLIN MAILIAO INDUSTRIAL ZONE

CHIAYI DONGSHI CAISANCHO ISLAND

GLOBAL SHIP TRACKING © MarineTraffic

CHANGHUA COASTAL STACKING

MARINE ENGINEERING

COASTAL ENGINEERING

Offshore Construction is the installation of structures in a marine environment, usually for the production and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and other resources.

Tetrapods are a type of structure used to prevent erosion caused by weather and longshore drift, primarily to enforce coastal structures such as seawalls and breakwaters. © YUN-SHIUAN HSIEH

LA

RG E

INE TURB D N I W

RE SM ALL HO

ND TURB WI I

NE

O NS

ON SH OR E

CHANGHUA COASTAL PLANTING

COASTAL OYSTER FARM

© YUN-SHIUAN HSIEH

INDUSTRIAL LAND

SEA FISHING

INDUSTRIAL LAND

UNBUILT BEACH

INDUSTRIAL LAND

INDUSTRIAL LAND

INDUSTRIAL LAND

WAVE BLOCK

EMBANKMENT OF SEA

INDUSTRIAL LAND

CONSTRUCTION

FISH POND

FISH POND

FISH POND

SUBSTATION

LARGE WAVE BLOCK

FLOATING SOLAR PANEL INNER SEA

INDUSTRIAL LAND

EMBANKMENT OF WATERWAY

WETLAND

NATURAL COAST

SMALL WIND TURBINE

FISH POND

COASTAL OYSTER FARM

© YUN-SHIUAN HSIEH

OFFS

HORE

OFFSHORE WIND

SOLAR PAN

EL

FARM

S

SM

& NS O I AT ST

N RA

N

IO

ISS

M TE S SY

T

UB

ES R HO

S

ON

GREATER CHANGHUA OFFSHORE - ONSHORE SUBSTATIONS & TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

© Ørsted

NORTH SEA OFFSHORE POWER HUB * HYDROGEN NETWORK CROSSING BORDER IN ENERGY The energy transition requires new forms of infrastructure and intelligent use of existing networks.

Hydrogen as a fuel and as a raw material can help to achieve CO2 reduction targets.

© TenneT // Gasunie // Herbert Smith Freehills // Cerulean