Cairo Urban Servers 2050 - Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

Cairo Urban Servers 2050

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021 The Maspero region is the heart both Cairo & Giza, it is a bustling CBD with limitless potential & beautiful architecture, nonetheless, it is in need of rejuvenation & revival as well as solid development in order to cope with the advancement of civilizations occurring all around the world, but most importantly this process must also strengthen our identity and remind everybody who we were, are and will be in the future.

Group Number: 5 Supervised by: Dr/Indji Shawket Dr/Rasha Saeed

Group Number: 5 Dina Ibrahim Zidan Mariam Mahmoud Ahmed Shady Amr Hossny Somaih Medhat Bakr Yassmeen Hany Elshafie Youssef El Sayed

Eng/Sara Sameh Eng/Yousry Eng/Aliaa Eng/Noha

Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Table Of Content

Table Of Content ●

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Introduction ○ 1.1 What ○ 1.2 Where ○ 1.3 Why ○ 1.4 How: Cairo Vision 2050 ■ 1.4.1 Compatibility ■ 1.4.2 Green Urban Networks ■ 1.4.3 Maspiro Vision ■ 1.4.4 Nile Front Vision Macro Analysis ○ 2.1 Location ○ 2.2 History of Maspero ○ 2.3 Dimensions ○ 2.4 Topography ○ 2.5 Climate Analysis ○ 2.6 Road Networks ■ 2.6.1 Road Hierarchy ■ 2.6.2 Accessibility ■ 2.6.3 Traffic Congestion Analysis ○ 2.7 Urban Studies ■ 2.7.1 Solid & Void ■ 2.7.2 Urban Fabric Development ■ 2.7.3 Land Uses ■ 2.7.4 Greenery ■ 2.7.5 Public Surrounding Buildings ■ 2.7.6 Neighbourhood Context ○ 2.8 Building Analysis ■ 2.8.1 Building Heights ■ 2.8.2 Building Conditions Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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18 19 20 21 22-27 28 29 30 31 32 33-36 37-38 39 40-41 42 43

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Table Of Content

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○ 2.9 Biodiversity ○ 2.10 Site Visit Micro Analysis ○ 3.1 Demographic Studies ○ 3.2 Crafts & Professions ○ 3.3 Cultural Events ○ 3.4 Sensory Map ○ 3.5 Architectural Analysis ■ 3.5.1 Architecture Elements ■ 3.5.2 Elevations Analysis ■ 3.5.3 Skyline Analysis ■ 3.5.4 Void Analysis ○ 3.6 Stakeholders & Land Ownership ○ 3.7 Building Regulations Case Studies ○ 4.1 EXPO 2020 Dubai ○ 4.2 Etobicoke Civic Center ○ 4.3 Cities of the Future ○ 4.4 Conclusions of Case Studies Conclusion ○ 5.1 SWOT Analysis ○ 5.2 Site Selection ○ 5.3 Gap Analysis ■ 5.3.1 Land Uses ■ 5.3.2 Greenery in Maspero ■ 5.3.3 Cultural Value ■ 5.3.4 Economy ■ 5.3.5 Transportation & Traffic ■ 5.3.6 Building Heights

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55 56 57 58 59 60 61-65 66-70 71-74 75 76 77-78 79-82 80 80 81 81 82 82

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Table Of Content

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Our Vision ○ 6.1 Keyword Mapping ○ 6.2 Thematic Process ○ 6.3 Projects from Approaches ○ 6.4 Strategies to Achieve Sustainability Part 2: The Nile Gate ○ 7.1 Site Selection ○ 7.2 Site analysis ■ 7.2.1 Surrounding Context ■ 7.2.2 Cultural Events & Context ■ 7.2.3 Road Hierarchy ■ 7.2.4 Accessibility and Mobility ■ 7.2.5 Greenery Percentage ■ 7.2.6 Sensory Analysis ○ 7.3 History of the Site ○ 7.4 Vision and Mission ○ 7.5 Interests Unification ○ 7.6 Target Groups & Users ○ 7.7 Preliminary Concept Sketches ○ 7.8 Form Generation ○ 7.9 2D Zoning ○ 7.10 Master Plan ○ 7.11 3D Zoning ○ 7.12 Environmental Studies ○ 7.13. Shots ○ 7.14. Skyline ○ 7.15 Space Program

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83 84 85 86 89 90 91 91-92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 101 102 103 104 105 105-106 107-109 110 111-113

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Table Of Content

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Inspirations from Different Projects. ○ 8.1 Gateway Arch in America ○ 8.2 High-Density Mixed-Use Development in Xi’an ○ 8.3 Bosco Verticale, MILAN, ITALY ○ 8.4 Louvre Museum Extension Table of References

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Table Of Figures

Table Of Figures ●

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Chapter 1 ○ Figure (1-1) – Great Cairo Vision ○ Figure (1-2) – Urban Mass of GCR ○ Figure (1-3) - Shots from the GCR vision 2050 ○ Figure (1-4) - Green Urban network map ○ Figure (1-5) - Shots from the GCR developed Nile Corniche ○ Figure (1-6) - Master plan of Maspiro Vision ○ Figure (1-7) - Elevation Phase 1 ○ Figure (1-8) - Master Plan of Nile Front Vision ○ Figure (1-9) - Nile Front Vision Chapter 2 ○ Figure (2-1) – Site Location ○ Figure (2-2) –Proposed sites dimensions ○ Figure (2-3) –Proposed sites dimensions ○ Figure (2-4) –Temperature and Humidity ○ Figure (2-5) –Radiation and Illumination ○ Figure (2-6) –Sky cover and Ground temperature ○ Figure (2-7) –Velocity range and Power production ○ Figure (2-8) –psychrometric chart and wind wheel ○ Figure (2-9) – Road Hierarchy ○ Figure (2-10) – Accessibility & Mobility ○ Figure (2-11) - Traffic Congestion Analysis at 8:00 am, 2:00 PM, 6:00 PM ○ Figure (2-12) – Solid & Void ○ Figure (2-13) - Urban Fabric Development of Maspero Triangle ○ Figure (2-14) – Current Land Uses Distribution ○ Figure (2-15) – Current Land Uses Bar Chart ○ Figure (2-16) – Proposed Land Uses Distribution ○ Figure (2-17) – Current and Proposed Land uses Comparison Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

12 13 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 34 36 37

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Table Of Figures

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Figure (2-18) – Greenery Land Plots Figure (2-19) – Total Greenery Percentage Figure (2-20) – Greenery % in Maspero & Cairo Downtown Figure (2-21) – Greenery % in Zamalek Figure (2-22) – Public Surrounding Services Figure (2-23) – Surrounding Context - Hotels Figure (2-24) – Surrounding Context - Cultural Buildings & Landmarks ○ Figure (2-25) – Surrounding Context - Business & Government Buildings ○ Figure (2-26) – Current Building Heights ○ Figure (2-27) – Vision 2050 Building Heights ○ Figure (2-28) – Building Heights Charts ○ Figure (2-29) – Current Building Conditions ○ Figure (2-30) – Building Conditions Charts ○ Figure (2-31) - Flora & Fauna Diagram ○ Figure (2-32) - Zamalek & Maspero Corniche Chapter 3 ○ Figure (3-1) - Population Distribution for the Year 2017 ○ Figure (3-2)) - Population Distribution for the Year 2006 ○ Figure (3-3)- Population Deterioration from 1996 to 2017 ○ Figure (3-4)- Egyptian Population by Education Status for the Year 2017- Ages +10 ○ Figure (3-5)- Comparing Educational Status for the Two Waterfronts ○ Figure (3-6)- Comparing Educational Status Percentage for the Two Waterfronts ○ Figure (3-7)- Egyptian Population by Marital Status (Ages +18) ○ Figure (3-8) - Well Recognized Markets in Boulaq Abo El Ela Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

37 38 38 38 39 40 41 42 42 42 42 43 43 45 46

47 47 48 49 50 50 51 52

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Table Of Figures

Table Of Figures ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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Figure (3-9) - Shoes Vendors Figure (3-10) - Clothes Vendors Figure (3-11) - Textile Trade Figure (3-12) - Furniture Stores Figure (3-13) - Lathing Figure (3-14) - Steel & metal works Figure (3-15) - Junk Trade Figure (3-16) - Car Repairing Parts Trade Figure (3-17) – Cultural Events & Festivals Figure (3-18) – Sensory Map Figure (3-19) – Cultural Events & Festivals Figure (3-20) – Maspero Elevation Figure (3-21) – Tahrir Elevation Figure (3-22) – Maspero Skyline Figure (3-23) – Tahrir Skyline Figure (3-24) – Maspero Voids Figure (3-25) – Tahrir Voids Figure (3-26) - Stakeholder Division by MADD Platform Figure (3-27) - Stakeholder Division by Coldwell Banker Commercial ○ Figure (3-29) - Cairo 2050 Corniche Chapter 4 ○ Figure (4-1) – Expo Dubai 2020 ○ Figure (4-2) – Expo Dubai 2020 : A sustainable site ○ Figure (4-3) – Mind Sphere (IoT) ○ Figure (4-4) – Water Management ○ Figure (4-5) – Energy Management ○ Figure (4-6) – Expo Dubai 2020 ○ Figure (4-7) – Hydrogen Power Plant ○ Figure (4-8) – Control System ○ Figure (4-9) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 53 54 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 61 61 62 63 63 64 64 65 66 8

Table Of Figures

Table Of Figures

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○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure Chapter 5 ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure Chapter 7 ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure ○ Figure

(4-10) – Etobicoke Civic Centre (4-11) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Terrace (4-12) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Microclimates (4-13) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Microclimate 2 (4-14) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Site plan (4-15) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Aerial View (4-16) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Section (4-17) - Future City Vision 2050 (4-18) - Resilient Regions (4-19) - Social Interiors

67 68 68 68 69 69 69 71 73 74

(5-1) – Site Selection Locations (5-2) – Site Selection 1 (5-3) – Site Selection 2 (5-4) – Site Selection 3 (5-5) – Current State of Maspero Triangle (5-6) – Vision 2050 of Maspero Triangle (5-7) – Masjid Sultan Abo El Ela (5-8) – Royal Charriot Museum

77 77 78 78 79 79 81 81

(7-1) – Site Selection Location (7-2) – Site Selection 3 (7-3) – Surrounding Context (7-4) – Surrounding Context (7-5) – Surrounding Context (7-6) – Cultural Events & Festivals (7-7) – Road Hierarchy (7-8) – Accessibility & Mobility (7-9) – Total Greenery Percentage (7-10) –Greenery % in Maspero & Cairo Downtown (7-11) – Greenery % in Zamalek

90 90 91 92 92 93 94 95 96 96 96

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Table Of Figures

Table Of Figures ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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Figure (7-12) – Sensory Map

Figure (7-13) – Vision Figure (7-14) – Mission Figure (7-15) –Demolishing of National Party Figure (7-16) –The Green Union Equation Figure (7-17) –Target Groups & Users Figure (7-18) –Concept Sketches Figure (7-19) –Form Generation Figure (7-20) – 2D Zoning Figure (7-21) – Master Plan Figure (7-22) – Master Plan layers Figure (7-23) – 3D Zoning Figure (7-24) – Bridge & All Project Studies Figure (7-25) – Mixed Use Tower Studies Figure (7-26) – Contemporary Art Exhibition Studies Figure (7-27) – The Nile Gate Day Shot Figure (7-28) – Contemporary Art Exhibition Day Shot Figure (7-29) – The Nile Gate Night Shot Figure (7-30) – The Pixel Bridge Night Shot Figure (7-31) – The Journey to The Egyptian Museum Figure (7-32) – Old Maspero & Tahrir Skyline (By Authors) Figure (7-33) – Future Maspero & Tahrir Skyline (By Authors) Figure (7-34) – Project Component Percentage

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Table Of Figures

Table Of Figures ●

Chapter 8 ○ Figure (8-1) – Gateway Arch, Missouri, America ○ Figure (8-2) - Gateway Arch capturing Missouri, America ○ Figure (8-3) - National Park and St. Louis Courthouse with The Gateway Arch ○ Figure (8-4) – Site view ○ Figure (8-5) – Adjacent park integrated with outdoor retail ○ Figure (8-6) – North View ○ Figure (8-7) – Vertical Oasis Diagram ○ Figure (8-8) – Master Plan ○ Figure (8-9) – Section showing different functions ○ Figure (8-10) – Retail Section ○ Figure (8-11) – Paolo Rosselli, Bosco Verticale 1 ○ Figure (8-12) – Paolo Rosselli, Bosco Verticale 2 ○ Figure (8-13) – Floor ○ Figure (8-14) – Balcony ○ Figure (8-15) – Section ○ Figure (8-15) – Entrance of Louvre Museum Extension ○ Figure (8-16) – Exhibition halls ○ Figure (8-17) – Section

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Table Of Tables

Table Of Tables ●

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Chapter 2: ○ Table ○ Table ○ Table Chapter 4 ○ Table ○ Table Chapter 5 ○ Table Chapter 7 ○ Table ○ Table ○ Table ○ Table

(2-1) –Techniques Recommendation (2-2) – Proposed Land Uses Distribution (2-3) - Excel Sheet of the Species

27 35 44

(4-1) – Principles of City Design (4-2) – Case Studies Conclusion

72 75

(5-1) – SWOT Analysis

76

(7-1) – The Exhibition Program (7-2) – Mixed use tower Program (7-3) – Bridge Program (7-4) – Marine Centre Program

111 112 113 113

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Introduction

1.1

1.1 What Cairo Urban Servers Green

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Environmentally

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Socially

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Economically

Self-Sufficient

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Regenerative

Renewable

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Livability

Energy

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Access

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Resilience

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Ecology

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Waste

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Energy

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Water

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Heritage

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Nutrition

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Water Efficiency

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Food

From the studies of Urban Servers and Smart Cities , it has been clarified more on WHAT is an urban server. The urban server is categorized in three pillars: Green , Self-Sufficient and Regenerative.

The Green pillar mainly focuses on the environment broadly, including natural and man-made environment.Socially,by providing a quality of life to human and economically by enhancing opportunities though urban designing to boost the economic rise.Self-sufficiency is to form an urban server that is self reliable and minimises the usage of natural resources and apply passive elements in the design and techniques like wind turbines,solar panels..etc.Not only that,but also water efficiency and food(farming) ,too ,are desired to be achieved to fulfill human needs. The third pillar is the Regeneration, which is the positive change needed regards users’ experience in the urban server,change in ecological, environmental,heritage and nutrition. aspects Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Introduction

1.2

1.2 Where

1.Decentralization of City Centre

2.Renovation of City Centre

Figure (1-1) – Great Cairo Vision

The Cairo City Center was the main location where all the problems were condensed. Problems identified based on the governmental studies were enough to take the decision of going on the process of the Cairo Vision 2050 , aiming at decentralization the city center and fulfilling expansion on the urban scale to be capable of achieving the three categories of the urban server.Also, to achieve such sustainable aspect regards expansion , it is desired to renovate the existing elements in the urban that of great value like heritage areas and cultural areas , for example. These areas may include Religious Cairo,Old Egyptian Cairo and Khedive Cairo.

Conclusion: Respecting the context of great value while renovating and designing forms a sustainable guideline for a better vision.

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Introduction

1.3

1.3 Why

Figure (1-2) – Urban Mass of GCR

The Great Cairo Region -Cairo Vision 2050 was planned because of the problems and aspirations of citizens. The problems were high density in the city, traffic congestion,environmental deterioration and informal developments.However, citizens’ aspirations were to have a clean city free from pollution,provide utilities and basic services,improve road and transport networks and develop housing levels.

The urban mass map specifies that planning is categorized into:unsafe areas(natural disaster risks may occur at), planned areas(legally planned) and unplanned areas (informalities constructed illegally).

Conclusion: The mentioned aspirations and problems conducted the main concept of the vision which is ‘Redistribution of Population’.

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Introduction

1.4

1.4 How

1.4.1 Compatibility

The vision’s concern is to achieve compatibility of activities , markets and investments.

The framework is to: 1.

Upgrade informal areas surrounding culture heritage.

2. Encouraging tourism 3. Provide underground parks 4.

Provide adequate vistas 5. Provide pedestrian routes 6. Develop main squares 7. Establish technological universities

Conclusion: In order to design an effective urban server, it is a must to list down the facilities missing the area and provide designs feasible for all users.

Not only do we respect the later mentioned , but we also have to, as architects , raise economic aspect by selecting projects that introduces global investments.

Figure (1-3) - Shots from the GCR vision 2050 Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Introduction

1.4

1.4 How

1.4.2 Green Urban Networks

One of the main aspects for a city to be labeled as an urban server is to increase the green area per capita.

Green areas are planned to be increased by: 1.

Establishing a group of public and local parks 2. Move pollution sources out of the central region 3. Develop Nile Corniche 4. Set plans and regulations with footprint not exceeding 20% leaving the reaminings as gardens and parks.

Figure (1-4) - Green Urban network map

Conclusion: Increasing the percentage of the greeneries in the urban server will provide a quality of life, raise human heath , provide thermal comfort , reduce greenhouse gas effect and reduce urban heat island effect.

Figure (1-5) - Shots from the GCR developed Nile Corniche 17 Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

Introduction

1.4

1.4 How

1.4.3 Maspiro Vision

Area: 32165 m2 / 7.6 Feddan (Excluding the Italian Consulate and historical buildings) Program: 1.

Underground parking m2) - 353 cars

1.

Commercial (13113 m2)

1.

Investment Tower (HA Consulting Group) 23 storeys with 134 residential units

Ground

(19220 Floor

1.

First Floor (Vertical Garage) (15800 m2) -280 cars

1.

Administrative Tower : Basement + Ground Floor are Commercial and 15 typical floors with total area 13571 m2 and the traded area is 10655 m2

Figure (1-6) - Master plan of Maspiro Vision

Figure (1-7) - Elevation Phase 1

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Introduction

1.4

1.4 How

1.4.4 Nile Front Vision

Area : The corniche is being renovated Starting from Kasr El Nile Bridge to Isailia Canal.

Length: 4.7 km Program: 1.

First Phase: from Imbaba Bridge to 15 May Bridge

1.

Second Phase : from 15 May Bridge to Kasr El Nile Bridge

1.

Third Phase: from Imbaba Bridge to El Sahel Bridge

1.

Fourth Phase: from El Sahel Bridge to Isamilia Canal

Figure (1-8) - Master Plan of Nile Front Vision

Figure (1-9) - Nile Front Vision Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Macro Analysis

2.1

2.1 Location

Cairo- Boulaq District

Boulaq District- Maspero Triangle, Zamalek & water Front

Egypt-Cairo

Africa-Egypt

Figure (2-1) – Site Location-By Author

The site is located in Egypt, in the heart of Cairo. It comprises the Nile front zone in Boulaq Abo El-Ela & ElZamalek & part of Cairo Downtown. It’s a busy dense urban centre.

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Macro Analysis

2.2

2.2 History The Birth of Boulaq District Establishment of Boulaq and Road El-Farag as Northern extension of Cairo,during the French occupation.

1800

Finalization of Downtown The completion of downtown area,modification of 26th of July street and construction of Qasr El Nile bridge,during Khaldive Ismail rule, Installation of the Tram.

Boulaq Bridge Emergence.

The Construction of Boulaq bridge to connect Sharkas’ area(Maspero) with Zamalek,during Khedive Abbas rule, however it later got demolished in 1998.

Modernism Era.

Republic Regime, The government trespassed Maspero triangle,demolished houses,slumb to built the Head quarter of Radio and television,Hilton tower and construction of 6th october bridge

Demolishing Continues An Earthquake stroke Egypt resulting in many of residential building to fall,followed by government decision in demolishing houses to built the ministry of foriegn affairs building.

Redevelopment Projects NGOs establishment from maspero's triangle defending their land,their negotiations sooner failed with the government resulting in freezing the projects, however,in 2020 the redevelopment plan of 2050 began once again,

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1902 1920

1954 1992 2014 -2020

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Macro Analysis

2.3

2.3 Dimension

Figure (2-2) –Proposed sites dimensions - By Author

Macro-Zone: The zone in which macro analysis was performed on consists of Maspero triangle ,Zamalek Island and part of downtown is 481 Feddan of dimension 1551*1267 meters.

Micro-Zone: Three proposed sites were concluded from macro scale analysis in which the first site is 12 Feddan , while the second site is 15 Feddan and the third site is 15 feddan excluding the nile river area.

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Macro Analysis

2.4

2.4 Topography

Figure (2-3) –Proposed sites dimensions

The topography of the macro scale of Mapero and Nile Front is flat.

There are no contours found on the site, which makes it an advantage to architects and designers to build up significant projects by the Nile.

It is also concluded that there is no need to make any treatments or grading to the land. Hence, the costs are lowered.

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Macro Analysis

2.5

2.5 Climatic Analysis Temperature Range Fig(1)

Humidity Fig(2)

Figure (2-4) –Temperature and HumidityClimatic Consultant

Observation: ● Based on Fig(1) analysis, from Jan to April and from Oct to Dec Avg min Temperature is lower than the winter comfort zone illustrated by dark grey color on the chart, while from May to Sep Avg. Max Temperature is higher than Summer comfort zone represented by light grey color on the chart. ● Based on Fig (2) analysis, On Average August is the most humid month and May is the least humid month in the year, reaching average annual percentage of humidity 85%.

Conclusion: Using passive cooling techniques in the summer with dehumidifiers and passive heating techniques in winter to reach the targeted thermal comfort zone.

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Macro Analysis

2.5

2.5 Climatic Analysis Radiation Range Fig(3)

Illuminatio n (Lux) Fig(4)

Figure (2-5) –Radiation and IlluminationClimatic Consultant

Observation: ● Based on Fig(3) analysis, The solar Radiation on the roofs and sides of the building are relatively high reaching annual of 820 Lux in year. ● Based on Fig (4) analysis, The Natural daylight reached is very high of 120000 Lux. Conclusion: The radiation charts shows the Possibility to install PV cells with respect to its installation angles and its effect on the perceived solar radiation.

Exploitation of Daylight in the site as a design guideline in further stages.

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Macro Analysis

2.5

2.5 Climatic Analysis Radiati Skyon Cover Range Range Fig(5) Fig(3)

Illumina Ground tion Temp.

(Lux) Fig(6) Fig(4) Figure (2-6) –Sky cover and Ground temperatureClimatic Consultant

Observation: ● Based on Fig(5) analysis, the annual Sky cover percentage is 58%, which is considered not very high neither low but enough to affect the efficiency of pv cells installed on the roof , It also affect the percentage of direct sunlight on the building. ● Based on Fig (6) analysis, In winter Jan to April , Sep to Dec as going underground the Temperature of the Ground Increases as shown in the charts Ground Temp in Jan:(-0.5m)=14 c(-2m)=16.5c , (4m)=18c, while in summer May to Aug as going underground the ground Temperature Decreases As shown in the charts Ground Temp in Aug:(-0.5m)=27.5 c, (-2m)=26.5c ,(-4m)=23.5c.

Conclusion: Relative high sky cover ,dec. In temp as solar radiation is diffused, Sky cover could affect the efficiency of PV cells if installed , Geothermal Tech. possibility , Earth sheltering as atmos.Temp Fluctuates inversely with Graduation Project Report 2020/2021 26 earth temp.

Macro Analysis

2.5

2.5 Climatic Analysis

Wind Velocity Range Fig(7)

Power Productio n of Typical Wind Turbine Fig (8)

Figure (2-7) –Velocity range and Power production -Climatic Consultant

Observation: ● Based on Fig(7) analysis, The annual Wind Velocity is 6.06 m/s. ● Based on Fig (8) Wind turbines could be generated by 6 m/s but it gives efficient result at velocity =15 m/s Conclusion: Not Recommended to use wind turbine in the site according to Fig (8).

As it won't be efficient and very expensive.The Chart would help in ventilation and building Orientation.

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Macro Analysis

2.5

2.5 Climatic Analysis Psychrometric Chart Fig(9)

Wind Wheel Fig(10)

Figure (2-8) –psychrometric chart and wind wheelClimatic Consultant

Observation: ● Based on Fig(9) analysis,Psychrometric Chart shows The best fit Techniques to Reach Comfort Zone of Passive Solar Direct gain High mass,Internal Heat Gain,Dehumidification, Natural Ventilation and Sun Shading Techniques. ● Based on Fig (10) The wind is relatively Humid throughout the year.

Conclusion: Using the Proposed Technique to reach the comfort zone in summer and in winter

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Macro Analysis

2.5

2.5 Climatic Analysis Conclusion

Sun Shading Techniques

Passive Solar Direct gain High mass Minimize or eliminate west facing glazing to minimize summer heat and afternoon heat gain

Cooling and Dehumidification

Window overhangs with specific angles aided by sun shadow analysis would prevent overheat ,hence reduce air conditioning usage.

Natural Ventilation

To produce stack ventilation ,even with a low wind speed, maximize vertical height between air inlet and outlet

Good natural ventilation could eliminate humidity in the weather, if the windows were well shaded and protected from unwanted winds.

Internal Heat Gain

Dehumidification

Using Thermal Mass wall to create time lag.

highly energy intensive process, especially in humid climates and for building typologies that require strict space humidity setpoint

Techniques Recommendation

Table (2-1) –Techniques Recommendation-By Author Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Macro Analysis

2.6

2.6 Road Networks

2.6.1 Road Hierarchy

Figure (2-9) – Road Hierarchy

The site is surrounded by multiple arterial roads (26th of July Corridor, Nile Corniche, 6th October Bridge), and main roads (Al Galaa Street, Ramses Street, Meret Basha Street) which increases the site’s land value, and enhances its accessibility, as it is connected to different zones in Cairo. However, it results in traffic congestion at busy times.

Conclusion: Take into consideration while designing to avoid making entrances on congested roads. Consider making entrances from secondary and local roads.

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Macro Analysis

2.6

2.6 Road Networks

2.6.2 Accessibility & Mobility

Figure (2-10) – Accessibility & Mobility

The only significant bus station in the zone is under 6th of October bridge near the lower corner of the Maspero triangle, nearest subway station are Zamalek, Opera, El Sadat, Saad Zaghloul, Mohamed Naguib, Gamal Abdel Nasser & Oraby, the nearest car park in the area is El Tahrir Garage near El Tahrir Square, Lastly there is a pathway in development along the nile corniche that is a part of Egypt’s Vision 2050 indicated as the orange marker.

The times at which anyone can reach the site are 40-55 minutes from 6th of October, 30 minutes from Cairo International Airport and 4-13 minutes from Zamalek, Dokki or Mohandessin.

The main observation is that there is adequate on-site public transport and is easy to reach from all directions within an hour, in conclusion, there is no need for public transit stations in the project while serving a diversity of target groups due to its easy location, secondly,the nile could be exploited as a means of transportation.

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Macro Analysis

2.6

2.6 Road Networks

2.6.3 Traffic Congestion Analysis

Observation: Green lines indicate light traffic in the morning at 8 am, where cars can navigate easily through the streets.

The traffic lines turns red towards noon, and manoeuvring becomes harder.

The heaviest traffic is near the end of the day, and at night, which resembles the nightlife & activities in the area.

Conclusion: Evaluating traffic congestion levels of road networks is important for traffic management and control. In order to alleviate the traffic congestion in the zone, it is essential to create pedestrian friendly networks to render the site accessible on foot, and as such, reduce car dependency and avoid traffic congestion.

Figure (2-11) - Traffic Congestion Analysis at 8:00 am, 2:00 PM, 6:00 PM Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies 2.7.1 Solid & Void

Solid Void

Figure (2-12) – Solid & Void

Obvious variance in the urban fabric can be noticed between the three zones: Boulaq Abo-Elela, El Zamalek District, Cairo Downtown. The total percentage of the void is much greater than the solid percentage, because of the open spaces in El Zamalek, and the under construction area in Maspero.

Where, the urban fabric is very dense in Boulaq with very narrow streets and almost no open areas & no clear urban pattern, as a result of the informal settlements and lack of planning.

Whereas in Zamalek building density is relatively low, & there is lots of open spaces. That is due to the existence of multiple sporting clubs.

The urban pattern is almost grid like.

As we go towards the downtown area, the urban fabric takes radial form, and the building density is greater than in Zamalek, but still smaller than that of Boulaq.

Conclusion: It is essential to redevelop the dense zones in Boulaq, and add open spaces in Maspero triangle.

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Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies

2.7.2 Urban Fabric Development

Sharkas Area There were clear, defined and organized land division in Sharkas Area (Maspero Triangle).

1902-1920

Development of Sharkas Area During the rule of King Foad the first, rapid developments occured in Sharkas Area.

But, for political reasons Sharkas Pasha (Owner of Sharkas area) had to travel back to Europe, and left the land to his servants.

When he never returned, the ownership of Sharkas’ Land was legally given to his servants, where they settled, built their own homes, and devised the land to their children and grandchildren.

1920-1952

Modernism Era The government began to demolish workshops and slums to build the headquarter of Radio and Television union building, Hilton Tower, and the ministry of Foreign Affairs blocking the view to the Nile for the buildings behind. It also created governmental laws that froze the whole area of Maspero, where residents can’t maintain their houses or rebuild them.

1952-2015

Redevelopment of Maspero After years of conflict, the government finally demolished the informal 2015-2020 settlements in Maspero’s triangle, compensating the dwellers with residential units in Al Asmarat city, or with the option to reserve a residential unit in the future towers to be constructed in Maspero. The Figure (2-13) - Urban Fabric Development government is racing against time and of Maspero Triangle construction work is in full swing to deliver Graduation Project Report 2020/2021 34 the project by 2021.

Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies 2.7.3 Land Uses

Figure (2-14) – Current Land Uses Distribution (By Authors)

Figure (2-15) – Current Land Uses Bar Chart (By Authors)

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Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies 2.7.3 Land Uses

The greatest land use is Leisure, however most of it is situated in Zamalek region and not in Boulaq Abo-Elela, and Cairo Downtown region. The same condition applies to greenery which is the second greatest land use. Then comes mixed use which is densely situated in Boulaq Abo-Elela, and Cairo Downtown. The site contains important touristic land uses : Royal Charriot Museum, Cairo Tower, and The Egyptian Museum, that lend it an important cultural value.

The black buildings represent important buildings that are present and that will be preserved in the Cairo Vision 2050 for the development of Maspero Triangle. Figure is a bar chart representing the current land uses distribution percentages.

The upcoming figure illustrates the proposed land use distribution of Maspero triangle of Cairo Vision 2050.

Figure (2-16) – Proposed Land Uses Distribution (By Supreme Planning Council)

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Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies 2.7.3 Land Uses

Table (2-2) – Proposed Land Uses Distribution (By Supreme Planning Council) Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies 2.7.3 Land Uses

As can be seen from the table and the figure almost all land plots will be allocated to mixed uses, only a small percentage of the land will be allocated to open spaces, and a slight increase in the percentage of road networks is noticeable.

The bar chart below is a comparison between current land uses and proposed land uses.

Figure (2-17) – Current and Proposed Land uses Comparison (By Authors)

● ● ●

As the graph illustrates, the vision aims to increase mixed uses in the area by 9 times the current state.

Vacant lands are to be increased as well as the percentage of roads.

No percentage of greenery allocated as it might be in the vacant lands.

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Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies 2.7.3 Land Uses

● Educational land uses are neglected in the vision 2050 Conclusion: It is essential to increase greenery and public spaces as well as focus on the cultural value of the site by giving rise to touristic land uses.

Educational land uses could be allocated in our vision.

2.7.4 Greenery

Figure (2-18) – Greenery Land Plots (By Authors) 39

Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies 2.7.4 Greenery

Figure (2-19) – Total Greenery Percentage (By Authors)

Figure (2-20) – Greenery % in Maspero & Cairo Downtown (By Authors)

Figure (2-21) – Greenery % in Zamalek (By Authors)

About 19 percent of the land is dedicated to green spaces and parks.

However, most of these spaces are in Zamalek and not Boulaq AboElela, and Cairo Downtown. Only 2 % of the land in Maspero Triangle is dedicated to greenery. On the other hand, Zamalek region has 38% of land dedicated to greenery.

Conclusion: Since one of the aim of the project is to increase the green capita per person, then it will be wise to choose a site within maspero region and not Zamalek, in order to increase the green spaces.

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Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies

2.7.5 Public Surrounding Services

Legend: School Hospital Masjid Church Figure (2-22) – Public Surrounding Services (By Authors)

There’s a hefty amount of religious buildings, especially in Boulaq Abo El Ela. Also, Medical services are covered sufficiently, where there are lots of hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies. There is a lack in educational services, in Boulaq Abo El Ela. It’s also important to mention that the schools in El zamalek and Cairo Downtown are mostly expensive international schools, which targets a specific class.

Conclusion: Adding buildings with educational assets will increase people’s knowledge and intellect, and enhance their quality of life.

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Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies

2.7.6 Neighbourhood Context

Figure (2-23) – Surrounding Context - Hotels (By Authors)

The neighbourhood context is diversified into a number of important business & government buildings, cultural buildings & landmarks that add value to the zone, and numerous luxurious hotels, as well as some hostels. Due to this mixed uses, the zone is active in day time and at night.

Conclusion: Project decisions would be taken according to this neighbourhood context, in order to enhance the cultural identity of the zone.

According to the neighbourhood context, there are different types of users of different classes, and also tourists and foreigners due to the existence of numerous embassies. It’s important to target all these users, and design a project that would reduce social segregation Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Macro Analysis

2.7

2.7 Urban Studies

2.7.6 Neighbourhood Context

Figure (2-24) – Surrounding Context - Cultural Buildings & Landmarks (By Authors)

Figure (2-25) – Surrounding Context - Business & Government Buildings (By Authors) Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Macro Analysis

2.8

2.8 Building Analysis 2.8.1 Building Heights

Figure (2-26) – Current Building Heights (By Authors)

Figure (2-27) – Vision 2050 Building Heights (By Authors)

Currents building heights show an abundance in high rise buildings in Maspero while in Zamalek, buildings lower than 2 floors are more common (see Fig), in the Maspero Vision 2050, there will be an increase in high rise buildings reaching 50% while demolishing several low rise buildings, making downtown Cairo an iconic showcase of skylines and facades.

Zamalek Percentages

Maspero Percentages

Less than 2 Floors 2 Floors to 3 Floors 4 Floors to 6 Floors More than 6 Floors

Maspero 2050 Percentages

Figure (2-28) – Building Heights Charts (By Authors) Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Macro Analysis

2.8

2.8 Building Analysis

2.8.2 Building Conditions

Good Bad Deteriorated

Figure (2-29) – Current Building Conditions (By Authors)

The percentage of the good conditioned buildings are the most dominated . However, the density of the bad conditioned buildings are found at the Tahrir zone behind The Egyptian Museum.Deteriorated buildings are only found in Boulaq zone.

So,We could incorporate aspect of renovation of the bad conditioned building into consideration.

Zamalek Percentages

Maspero Percentages

Figure (2-30) – Building Conditions Charts (By Authors) Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Macro Analysis

2.9

2.9 Biodiversity

Table (2-3) - Excel Sheet of the Species (By Authors) Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Macro Analysis

2.9

2.9 Biodiversity

Figure (2-31) - Flora & Fauna Diagram (By Authors)

Due to the importance of the Nile and its contribution to the biodiversity of flora and fauna, we could focus on that and design to enhance this aspect.

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Macro Analysis

2.10

2.10 Site Visit Zamalek The existing Nile corniche of El Zamalek is comprised of several well maintained paths due to being part of busy restaurants. with some overgrown trees and bushes, with other parts that are completely worn out Maspero The current state of the Maspero Nile corniche is under construction, preparing for the “Ahl Misr” pathway, which is part of Cairo’s Vision of 2050, this pathway is currently at 90% completion Figure (2-32) - Zamalek & Maspero Corniche Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Micro Analysis

3.1

3.1 Demographic Studies

3.1.1 Population Distribution

Figure (3-1) - Population Distribution for the Year 2017 (By Authors)

Figure (3-2)) - Population Distribution for the Year 2006 (By Authors) Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Micro Analysis

3.1

3.1 Demographic Studies In figure (3-1), the population tiers (20 males) and (45 females) are the greatest in our zone. While in figure (3-2), the population tiers (40 males) and (20 females) are the majority.

There is an apparent decline in the population tier (35 both males and females) from 2006 to 2017, middle aged people might have decreased due to evacuation of homes or to look for a better quality dwelling.

Conclusion: ● Target groups could be the youth both females and males who will establish new families that will keep the site revived.

Figure (3-3)- Population Deterioration from 1996 to 2017 (By Authors)

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Micro Analysis

3.1

3.1 Demographic Studies In figure (3-3), there is clearly a decline in population from the year 1996 until 2017. This could be due to the reforming of land ownerships in Maspero Triangle and evacuation of tenants.

Conclusion: ● We should avoid residential projects to maintain the latest population density and adhere to Cairo Vision 2050.

3.1.2 Educational Status

Figure (3-4)- Egyptian Population by Education Status for the Year 2017- Ages +10 (By Authors)

As illustrated in figure (3-4) above, the total illiteracy rate in our zone is 13%. Moreover, most of the educated population holds a university degree and very few hold higher degrees.

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Micro Analysis

3.1

3.1 Demographic Studies

Figure (3-5)- Comparing Educational Status for the Two Waterfronts (By Authors)

Figure (3-6)- Comparing Educational Status Percentage for the Two Waterfronts (By Authors)

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Micro Analysis

3.1

3.1 Demographic Studies Comparing the two sides of our zone, we found that most higher education holders are situated in the Maspero waterfront as population is greater.

However, when comparing percentages, university and post-university holders are slightly greater in Zamalek side. The illiteracy rate is also greater in Maspero side.

3.1.3 Marital Status

Figure (3-7)- Egyptian Population by Marital Status (Ages +18) (By Authors)

As illustrated above, majority of the population is married with 48%.

Conclusion: ● As majority is married, then we could consider our target group to be families and provide design solutions that meet their needs.

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Micro Analysis

3.2

3.2 Crafts & Professions Souq El Asr

Wekalat Elbalah

Figure (3-9) - Shoes Vendors

Figure (3-10) Clothes Vendors

Figure (3-11) - Textile Trade

Figure (3-12) Furniture Stores

Figure (3-13) - Lathing

Figure (3-14) Steel & metal works

Figure (3-15) - Junk Trade

Figure (3-16) - Car Repairing Parts Trade

Figure (3-8) - Well Recognized Markets in Boulaq Abo El Ela (By Authors)

Observation: There are many local crafts & professions that are unique, and that have been in the site for a long time like clothes, and textile trades, furniture stores, lathing, steel and metal works, junk trade, and car repairing parts trade. Also, two of the most distinguished markets in Cairo, are located in the site which are Souq El Asr, and Wekalat ElBalah

Conclusion: It is important to conserve these crafts through integration with the new projects.

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Micro Analysis

3.3

3.3 Cultural Events & Festivals

Figure (3-17) – Cultural Events & Festivals (By Authors)

The site is rich with cultural events & festivals, in various categories and for different ages. Some are historic like Birth of Sultan Abo ElElaa Festival. Some are huge and have significant value like Cairo International Film Festival held annually in the Opera House. Some are relatively new like Cairo Jazz Festival which was founded in 2009.

Conclusion: The cultural events & festivals are a point of strength in the site, where the design proposal could create a harmonious integration with them, and attract different users.

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Micro Analysis

3.4

3.4 Sensory Map Legends: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Ramses Hilton Hotel Maspero Television Building Ministry of Foreign affair Consulate of Italy The Egyptian Museum Cairo Marriott Hotel Sultan Abou Elelaa Mosque Tunisia Embassy Al Jazera Club Views from Outside of site Views from inside of site

Figure (3-18) – Sensory Map (By Authors)

Noise produced from the main street, Corniche and workshops.

The Three proposed sites are easy to access shown from the views from the outside of the site showing it is physically permeable, the site is surrounded by hotels, commercials, embassies and overlooking the nile and Corniche shown from the views from inside the site, being a livable center the level of noise is relatively high due to main street, workshops and the corniche.

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Micro Analysis

3.5

3.5 Architectural Analysis 3.5.1 Architectural Elements

Figure (3-19) – Cultural Events & Festivals (By Authors)

The site has a variety of architecture styles and elements. Zamalek has three styles : Art Deco , Classic European and Eclecticism Architecture styles. While in Boulaq the dominant architecture style is Islamic Architecture. DownTown is also famous for the Art Deco Architecture style.

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Micro Analysis

3.5

3.5 Architectural Analysis 3.5.2 Elevation Analysis

Figure (3-20) – Maspero Elevation (By Authors)

The most abundant materials used are bricks and concrete with plaster finishing, there are no classical styles all are modern with glass facades for maximum view and natural lighting, newer styles are needed to match the Vision of 2050 with more innovative materials, designs and sustainable techniques.

Figure (3-21) – Tahrir Elevation (By Authors)

The most abundant materials used are bricks and concrete with plaster finishing, there is a mix between classical & modern styles which are contrasting as shown between The Egyptian Museum and the Nile-Ritz Carlton Hotel, if the site beside the museum is chosen, the designer must respect the significance of the site’s context and attempt to honor or complement it.

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Micro Analysis

3.5

3.5 Architectural Analysis 3.5.3 Skyline Analysis

Figure (3-22) – Maspero Skyline (By Authors)

The skyline analysis show a variable range of heights with iconic landmarks that will challenge the project, in this case, the designer has two options, either integrate the project to match the skyline and become one with the context or create a contrasting building that will take all eyes of existing landmarks.

Figure (3-23) – Tahrir Skyline (By Authors)

The skyline analysis show a constant range of heights of low rise buildings, which makes it easier for a new project to stand-out, in this case, the designer could create an iconic building or choose to emphasis on the existing heritage building in order to highlight its importance in Egypt’s culture.

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Micro Analysis

3.5

3.5 Architectural Analysis 3.5.4 Void Analysis

Figure (3-24) – Maspero Voids (By Authors)

Almost all building have a very high void percentage in order to maximize view, it is recommended to keep up the high percentage as this site has a fascinating view of the nile river and Zamalek greenery, but keep in mind good types of glazing to avoid trapping of heat from high sunlight exposure.

Figure (3-25) – Tahrir Voids (By Authors)

There is a big difference between the uses of each building which leads to different void percentage, to conclude, it is best to decide on the void percentage after choosing the land use not before.

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Micro Analysis

3.6

3.6 Stakeholder & Land Ownership Contractors involved: Redcon Orascom Arab Contractors

Investors: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Kuwaiti Developer State’s Ministries Private ownership (Known) Met’eb Saudi Company Kassab Saudi Company Private ownership (Unknown) Public sector Maspero company Common property with Maspero Deioub company Private ownership on 26th of July St. Private ownership on Cornich St. Ministry of Antiquities Ramsis Hilton The Italian Consulate

Figure (3-26) - Stakeholder Division by MADD Platform

Figure (3-27) - Stakeholder Division by Coldwell Banker Commercial Graduation Project Report 2020/2021 61

Micro Analysis

3.7

3.7 Building Regulations Current Building Regulations: ●

● ● ●

Building heights limited to 13.5 m or 4 floors Service buildings only 40% building footprint ٍSetbacks - Front and side 3 m - Back 6 m

New 2020 Building Decisions: These decisions should be released on November 24 2020 and should update the current building regulations in order to match Egypt’s Vision 2050, it is predicted that they include these decisions: ● ●

● ●

Reintroduces high-rise buildings on nile front Projects will be forced to tilt towards service buildings in order to satisfy the growing population needs Project will be forced to design their own parking lots Restrict residential projects in the downtown area

Figure (3-29) - Cairo 2050 Corniche

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Case Studies

4.1

4.1 Expo 2020 Dubai 4.1.1 Introduction

Figure (4-1) – Expo Dubai 2020

Figure (4-2) – Expo Dubai 2020 : A sustainable site

According to the United Nations, more than two-thirds of the world’s citizens will live in cities by 2050. How can the mega-cities of tomorrow provide essential services such as clean water and adequate waste removal and be energy efficiency ? How can they create a transportation and building infrastructure that reduces the emission of pollutants into the air while taking in so many new residents?

Expo Dubai 2020 is a great example of how can a building be sustainable by technological and modern techniques and be a successful building. So we can apply theses techniques on an urban or city scale to be sustainable.

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Case Studies

4.1

4.1 Expo 2020 Dubai

4.1.2 Internet of Things (IOT)

Figure (4-3) – Mind Sphere (IoT)

Siemens has been invited to partner with Expo 2020 Dubai to build “A blueprint for future smart cities”. The company is implementing a large variety of technologies to ensure comfort, safety and security on the Expo 2020 Dubai site.

They connected about 140 buildings to MindSphere, the cloud-based, open IoT operating system and featured more than 190 international participant. They turned most of the structures on site into truly smart buildings and provided transparency into their energy usage. The conversations around sustainability will not stop when Expo 2020 Dubai closes in April 2021. The Expo is a showcase and a call-toaction for a sustainable city.

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Case Studies

4.1

4.1 Expo 2020 Dubai

4.1.3 Water and Energy management Water Management MindSphere system helps to ensure that less water is wasted by monitoring and controlling the smart irrigation system.

MindSphere can tell the irrigation system when to water and how much to spray based on atmospheric conditions and the type of vegetation or plantation grown. Because Smart irrigation system deploys both weather and soil sensors among crops, lawns and gardens and connections to a central building management system and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Figure (4-4) – Water Management

Energy Management Smart buildings informs power and water systems just what energy and water the building needs, when it needs it and how best it can be used at any time. This system reduces energy and water consumption. And Energy savings can be used to power the national grid .

Buildings alsa can be served by locally sited microgrids that reduce cost and carbon footprint of today’s electrical transmission and distribution networks and systems.

Figure (4-5) – Energy Management

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Case Studies

4.1

4.1 Expo 2020 Dubai

4.1.4 Hydrogen Power Plant

Figure (4-6) – Expo Dubai 2020

Figure (4-7) – Hydrogen Power Plant

Siemens and the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) are working together to build the region’s first Hydrogen facility.

Hydrogen can be stored safely and cost-effectively in large amounts. So it helps in meeting sustainability goals like decarbonization and renewables integration.

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Case Studies

4.1

4.1 Expo 2020 Dubai

4.1.5. Experience The Smart Building

Figure (4-8) – Control System

Visitors can also experience the smart building. In the Sustainability Pavilion for example, mindSphere connects to various data sources within the building to give operators:

-

A live read out of water pressure, solar power generated and total energy use.

A comparison of indoor and outdoor temperatures.

Total water use and total water reuse, and a comparison between both.

Total waste produced and total waste recycled.

A steady pulse icon, indicating that the pavilion is “healthy.”

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Case Studies

4.2

4.2 Etobicoke Civic Centre 4.2.1 Introduction

Figure (4-9) – Etobicoke Civic Centre

Henning Larsen Architects and his team won a competition to design 46,500-square-meter Etobicoke civic Centre.

Etobicoke Center is one of four Mixed-use districts in Toronto, Canada.It will feature municipal offices, civic function and gathering space, a community recreation center, a branch of the Toronto Public Library, a child care center and an expansive outdoor plaza.

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Case Studies

4.2

4.2 Etobicoke Civic Centre 4.2.2 Competition Criteria

Figure (4-10) – Etobicoke Civic Centre

Criteria of the competition jury that organized by Build Toronto with the City of Toronto: ● ●

● ●

Environmental Sustainability: achieving a net zero target.

Flexibility: The design of interior and exterior public spaces and related programs enables a broad range and size of community activities.

Community Identity: This design builds its story upon the context and diversity of Etobicoke.

Pedestrian Scale: The design has sculpted a large program into a context-sensitive cascade of articulated smaller built forms and spaces, resulting in an inviting interior and exterior pedestrian scale and animated street presence.

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Case Studies

4.2

4.2 Etobicoke Civic Centre 4.2.3 Design Techniques -

The winning design has been organized into volumes of many scales.

-

Each topped with a unique roof condition, creating microclimates.

-

Variety of spaces that encourage people to engage in the public realm.

-

A careful site analysis and local thermal studies had been done to propose a dynamic and coherent design, with a streetscape designed for comfort, microclimate and the human scale.

-

Henning Larsen architects say “The comfortable outdoor season is prolonged by up to five weeks. The structure will protect and gently guide the wind above the urban spaces.”

Figure (4-11) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Terrace

Figure (4-12) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Microclimates

Figure (4-13) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Microclimate 2

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4.2

4.2 Etobicoke Civic Centre 4.2.4 Views

Figure (4-14) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Site plan

Figure (4-15) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Aerial View

Figure (4-16) – Etobicoke Civic Centre Section

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4.2

4.2 Etobicoke Civic Centre 4.2.5 Form Generation

The site show the fabric of the City

The massing bridges two different scales

mixture of squares instead of creating ONE building

The site diagonal connects axis - Main entrance to the central atrium

Angled roofs create Public program in the pleasant microclimates and lower triangle, office a distinctive landmark. program in the tower triangle

Easy wayfinding for the visitor

The massing creats “six points” and becomes a local icon

4.2.6 Civic Use

Councillor Battle

Fun in the Sun

Remembrance Day

Outdoor Yoga

Ice Sculpture Festival

Lunch on the square

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Case Studies

4.3

4.3 Cities of the Future 4.3.1 Introduction

Figure (4-17) – Future City Vision 2050 ( By SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL (SOM))

By 2050 the world’s population is expected to reach 9.8 billion. Nearly 70 percent of this booming population—6.7 billion people— is projected to live in urban areas. We asked experts at the architectural and urban planning firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) how they would design a city of the future, educated by lessons of the past and anticipating challenges of the future. Their vision is articulated on five scales, from surrounding ecosystems to building interiors, and follows 10 key principles.

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Case Studies

4.3

4.3 Cities of the Future

4.3.2 Key Principles of City Design Ecology

Water

Energy

Waste

The future city is designed around natural features, protecting wildlife habitat and natural resources. Based on a unified vision for the region.

Mobility

Protecting upland water systems and rigorous collection and cleansing of stormwater improve water quality.

In the city of the future, energy is 100 percent renewable.

Enough power is produced within or close to the city for it to be selfsufficient.

Culture

Livability

Waste becomes a resource to produce energy or alternative material.

Landfills and abandoned industrial areas are gradually converted to other purposes.

Infrastructure

Traveling in the future is more affordable, safe, and convenient because of automated technology and high-speed rail.

Fewer personal automobiles are on the road and more pedestrian space is available.

In the densely populated and diverse city of the future, historical heritage is preserved and celebrated.

Recreation, arts, and entertainment can be shared globally through VR & AI.

The city of the future is designed for accessibility and safety as more people populate urban areas.

Residents have healthier lives with more access to nature, services, and automated technology.

Buildings are constructed more efficiently and include technology that can improve the quality of natural resources such as water, soil, and air.

Food

Sustainability practices are mandated across the life cycle of a product, from food production to delivery and disposal.

Economy

The economy of the future city must work in tandem with policies that safeguard ecological sustainability.

Table (4-1) – Principles of City Design (By SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL (SOM)) Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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4.3 Cities of the Future

4.3

4.3.3 Resilient Regions

Figure (4-18) – Resilient Regions (By SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL (SOM)) Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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4.3 Cities of the Future

4.3

4.3.4 Social Interiors

Table (4-19) – Social Interiors (By SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL (SOM) Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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4.4

4.4 Conclusion of Case Studies

Incorporate community identity into the design

Pedestrian Scale

Environmental Sustainability, achieving a net zero target

Achieving Sustainability by smart building techniques

Proper Planning Innovative urban and setting goals solutions that strive to solve environmental problems, such as : Sponge City

The importance of deep analysis of the site & bioclimatic conditions before making any solutions

Flexible to accommodat e a variety of outdoor activities

Variety of spaces that encourage people to engage in the public realm

Reduce Co2 emissions

Mindsphere IOT Intelligent water cloud technology and energy analyses data management for intelligent decision making

Modular buildings are faster to produce and generate less waste.

Protection of wildlife habitats and surrounding ecology

Proper waste management, recycling and reusing

Table (4-2) – Case Studies Conclusion

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Conclusion

5.1

5.1 SWOT Analysis

Table (5-1) – SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis was made for the zone in order to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the site. It helped inl quickly identifying both internal and external factors that are either favorable or unfavorable to the decision-making process. It was conducted based on data collected, site visits, and interviews.

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Conclusion

5.2

5.2 Site Selection

Figure (5-1) – Site Selection Locations (By Authors)

Potentials 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

View on Nile Front.

Facing the newly developed Ahl Misr Walkway.

Situated between 3 significant buildings(Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Maspero Building, Royal Chariot Museum).

Extended into the heart of Maspero Triangle so better connected to the community.

Easily accessible by public transportation.

Close proximity to local crafts and professions surrounding site .

Site 1

Challenges 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Figure (5-2) – Site Selection 1 (By Authors)

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6.

Traffic Congestion on the Nile Corniche.

Security issues due to the Ministry of Foregin Affairs and Maspero Egyptian Radio & Television Building.

Compensate the parking area on site Walkability between the site and the walkway is difficult due to the arterial road.

Community involvement from Boulaq trying to avoid social.

Iconic Waterfront Skyline

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Conclusion

5.2

5.2 Site Selection Potentials 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Site 2

Easily accessible by public transportation.

Close proximity to local crafts and professions surrounding site.

Visible & connected with ElTahrir Square axis.

Close proximity to Maspero Building Viable to be a commercial & mixed use zone

Challenges 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Figure (5-3) – Site Selection 2 (By Authors)

Potentials 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Easily accessible by public transportation.

Reducing social segregation by connection between El Zamalek & Maspero.

View on Nile Front from both sides of Nile.

Presence of The Egyptian museum giving the land high value.

Viable to be accessible from the Nile.

Site 3 is close to several landmarks and significant buildings.

Situated on the street corner between El Corniche street & Ramses street.

Site 3

6.

Challenges 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Figure (5-4) – Site Selection 3 (By Authors)

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Traffic Congestion on ElGalaa road.

Close proximity to bus stop which causes noise & visual pollution.

No direct view on Nile Front Walkability between the site and the walkway is difficult due to the arterial road.

Community involvement from Boulaq trying to avoid their social exclusion.

Hidden Elevation from the waterfront.

6.

Traffic Congestion on the Nile Corniche.

Security issues due to the Ministry of Foregin Affairs and Maspero Egyptian Radio & Television Building.

Compensate the parking area on site Walkability between the site and the walkway is difficult due to the arterial road.

Community involvement from Boulaq trying to avoid social.

Iconic Waterfront Skyline

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Conclusion

5.3

5.3 Gap Analysis

Figure (5-5) – Current State of Maspero Triangle

Figure (5-6) – Vision 2050 of Maspero Triangle

Gap Analysis was performed to assess the current situation and compare it with Cairo 2050’s Vision, then conclude our vision from the comparison. It was performed on different aspects, land uses, greenery in Maspero, cultural value, economy, transportation & traffic, and building heights.

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Conclusion

5.3

5.3 Gap Analysis 5.3.1 Land Uses

Current State The greatest land use is leisure, however most of it is situated in Zamalek region and not Maspero.

Green Areas Vision 2050

Our Vision

The vision aims to increase mixed uses in maspero triangle by 9 times the current state.

Importance should be given to the cultural/ touristic value of the place since it is neglected.

Enhance the educational sector in our area.

Increase greenery and open spaces in the vision.

5.3.2 Greenery in Maspero Triangle Current State Currently there is only 3% of green spaces available.

Green Vision 2050

Areas

The vision aims to increase the percentage of green open spaces to 6%.

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Our Vision Increase the percentage of greenery in order to meet the benchmark of 15 sqm/capita set in Cairo Vision 2050.

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Conclusion

5.3

5.3 Gap Analysis

5.3.3 Cultural Value

Green Areas

Current State There are some important buildings with cultural value in our site.

Vision 2050 The Cairo vision aims to focus on the important cultural centers in cairo in general. However, there doesn’t seem to be a specific plan to revive the cultural value in our region.

Figure (5-7) – Masjid Sultan Abo El Ela

Our Vision Enhance the cultural value of the place through maintaining the architectural style of the heritage buildings and using the same design elements and principles on the architecture and landscape scales.

Figure (5-8) – Royal Charriot Museum

5.3.4 Economy

Current State Economic state depends mostly on local professions and crafts.

For more information, please refer to section 3.2

Green Areas Vision 2050

There are seems to be no focus on reviving the local craftsmanship that was present previously in Maspero triangle.

Our Vision Raise Economic level Provide workshops to promote the local economic activities Urban server that provide job opportunities.

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Conclusion

5.3

5.3 Gap Analysis

5.3.5 Transportation & Traffic

Current State Lack of walkability and pedestrian paths.

No bike lanes.

High dependency on cars.

Massive Co2 Emissions.

Vision 2050 Transforming some routes into pedestrians paths Increasing Subway lines and Supertrams Introduce Bus Rapid Transit System

Our Vision Focus on Underground parking.

Transform some routes to pedestrian routes.

Decrease Dependency on private cars and focus on public transportation.

5.3.6 Building Heights Current State

Vision 2050 Our Vision Create an iconic skyline

Zamalek Percentages Maspero 2050 Percentages

Implement sustainability techniques into highrise buildings

Less than 2 Floors 2 Floors to 3 Floors 4 Floors to 6 Floors Maspero Percentages

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Our Vision

6.1

Human

6.1 Keyword Mapping

Artificial Intelligence

Researc h

Eco-system

Revival

Green Capita

Futuristic Smart Architecture

Identity

Art

Touristic

Environment

Educational Cultural Nile River

These are the keywords generated while brainstorming the thematic approach of our projects. The larger the word, the more emphasis it has in our projects. These terms will be applied in each of the six projects differently to achieve a unified theme.

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Our Vision

6.2

6.2 Thematic Process Gap Analysis Inputs

Culture & Tourism Enhance cultural aspects & revive local crafts, as our site is a central zone of culture & history.

Educational Aspect Decreasing illiteracy in the needed zones.

Approaches Outputs

Biodiversity Preserve existing ecosystem and enhance their life style by limiting the impact of urbanization.

Sustainability Aspect Implement passive and active techniques to achieve a sustainable building .

Interests Unification Achieving interests of the three conflicting parties, the Egyptian museum, Cairo governorate and country investments.

Greenery Percentage Increase greenery per capita as the central area has a very low green percentage.

Transportation Decrease traffic congestion & introduce Nile transportation.

Cultural Exchange Biodiversity Revival Introducing Nile Integrating flora and fauna Countries culture to and restoring the natural reinforce Egypt’s African balance of the site. identity & conserve Nile.

Eco System Emphasis Outer Space Exploration Emphasize the importance Coping with the of ecosystem and its effect advancement of the on humans by using AI neighbouring countries & technologies . catapult into the world of technology.

Rejuvenating Catalyst Target Groups Youth and Tourists as the zone is riddled with hotels and cultural values.

The main theme is to create projects that will act as catalysts to revitalize this central site within Cairo.

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Broaden Horizons Sustainably Reformulating people’s thoughts regarding the future in architecture using art of cinema.

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Our Vision

6.3 Projects from Approaches Broaden Horizons Sustainably Cairo Vision 2050’s aspects include the futuristic versions of architecture-which will be negatively critiqued by citizens.

We-architects-are able to leave an impact on the public using a universal language:Art of Cinema An educational and cultural centre-as well as the project’s form-will be interacting with the public to redefine the concept of sustainable architecture.

A touristic approach will be boosting economy is by holding Universal Film Festivals and Tributes by the waterfront making Cairo a site of attraction.

Eco System Emphasis Healthy ecosystems are vital for human welfare and survival, as they provide us with essential products and benefits, due to human activities and pollution ecosystem become unbalanced and biodiversity started to extinct by time,so, ecosystem emphasis became our priority to secure our future, present in science park and technology innovation research center, by visualizing eco system present & future using AI.

Cultural Exchange

Biodiversity Revival

Due to the rising problem of water scarcity & other Nile related issues, it’s essential to increase the awareness about the Nile, & to reinforce Egypt’s African Identity in order to unify all Nile Countries to work together towards their comprehensive benefit & towards Nile Protection. And as such, a multicultural center addressing Nile River & its issues, takes the user into an exotic experience in all Nile Countries learning about their culture, customs, traditions, folklore, natural environment.

The nile is a vital catalyst for both the natural and built environments since the beginning of time. It is an essential factor in maintaining the broad biodiversity of marine life, bird life and agricultural wealth. This project aims to mimic the importance of the nile by introducing a balanced ecosystem in the form of a science park that raises awareness to the biodiversity of the country. It will focus on the 3 mentioned elements that were also considered important even in ancient egyptian history. The project will depend on AI to engage the users in an interactive educational environment.

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Outer Space Exploration As the world is rapidly leaning towards extraction of resources & colonization in space, it is essential to cope with this race and start reach for new heights, this will be done through experiencing past, present and future space exploration, from the ancient celestial museum, to the new faculty of space, to the deep space research facility.

The Green Lung of Downtown, Cairo Making the Downtown region one of the most important open museums in the world by creating a green lung for Cairo. We are going to achieve our vision by creating a leading project in the context aims to : - Introduce greenery to the city and increase the rate of green space per capita.

- Have a multi-purpose building with integrated requirements - Addressing usage of surrounding environment - Promote tourism and cultural activities.

- Encourage investment.

- Interests unification between conflicting forces.

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Our Vision

6.4 Strategies to Achieve Sustainability

6.3

Urban Servers

Green Servers

Self-sufficient Servers

Regenerative Servers

Sustainability

Environment

Social

Economic

•Increase green capita

•Reduce social segregation

•Increase income

•Reduce pollution rates •Depend on renewable energy •Minimize energy consumption •Enhance Biodiversity •Conserve water •Conserve natural resources •Minimize waste production •Recycle waste •Implement passive design techniques

•Provide public realm •Increase people’s awareness and broadening their horizons •Provide cultural exchange • Improve quality of life •Design that suits everyone •Introduce interactive educational techniques in various fields

•Provide job opportunities •Specify target groups •Introduce foreign currency by attracting foreign investors and tourists •Reduce construction & operational costs •Achieve self-sustaining design •Balance between automation and workforce

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Part 2 : Individual Work

7.0

The Nile Gate Towards Green Cairo

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Conclusion

7.1

7.1 Site Selection

Cairo Downtown District

Former National Party land and the Egyptian museum.

Figure (7-1) – Site Location-By Author

Potentials 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Africa-Egypt

Egypt-Cairo

Easily accessible by public transportation.

Reducing social segregation by connection between El Zamalek & Maspero.

View on Nile Front from both sides of Nile.

Presence of The Egyptian museum giving the land high value.

Viable to be accessible from the Nile.

Site 3 is close to several landmarks and significant buildings.

Situated on the street corner between El Corniche street & Ramses street.

Site 3

Challenges 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Figure (7-2) – Site Selection 3 (By Authors)

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6.

Traffic Congestion on the Nile Corniche.

Security issues due to the Ministry of Foregin Affairs and Maspero Egyptian Radio & Television Building.

Compensate the parking area on site Walkability between the site and the walkway is difficult due to the arterial road.

Community involvement from Boulaq trying to avoid social segregation.

Iconic Waterfront Skyline

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Macro Analysis

7.2

7.2 Urban Studies

7.2.1 Neighbourhood Context

Figure (7-3) – Surrounding Context - Hotels (By Authors)

The neighbourhood context is diversified into a number of important business & government buildings, cultural buildings & landmarks that add value to the zone, and numerous luxurious hotels, as well as some hostels. Due to this mixed uses, the zone is active in day time and at night.

Conclusion: Project decisions would be taken according to this neighbourhood context, in order to enhance the cultural identity of the zone.

According to the neighbourhood context, there are different types of users of different classes, and also tourists and foreigners due to the existence of numerous embassies. It’s important to target all these users, and design a project that would reduce social segregation .

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Macro Analysis

7.2

7.2 Urban Studies

7.2.1 Neighbourhood Context

Figure (7-4) – Surrounding Context - Cultural Buildings & Landmarks (By Authors)

Figure (7-5) – Surrounding Context - Business & Government Buildings (By Authors)

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Micro Analysis

7.2

7.2.2 Cultural Events & Festivals

Figure (7-6) – Cultural Events & Festivals (By Authors)

The site is rich with cultural events & festivals, in various categories and for different ages. Some are historic like Birth of Sultan Abo ElElaa Festival. Some are huge and have significant value like Cairo International Film Festival held annually in the Opera House. Some are relatively new like Cairo Jazz Festival which was founded in 2009.

Conclusion: The cultural events & festivals are a point of strength in the site, where the design proposal could create a harmonious integration with them, and attract different users.

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Macro Analysis

7.2

7.2.3 Road Hierarchy

Figure (7-7) – Road Hierarchy

The site is surrounded by multiple arterial roads (Nile Corniche, 6th October Bridge) and close to 26th of July corridor and main roads (Al Galaa Street, Ramses Street, Meret Basha Street), and main squares like (Tahrir Square), which increases the site’s land value, and enhances its accessibility, as it is connected to different zones in Cairo. However, it results in traffic congestion at busy times.

Conclusion: Take into consideration while designing to avoid making entrances on congested roads. Consider making entrances from secondary and local roads.

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Macro Analysis

7.2

7.2.4 Accessibility & Mobility

Figure (7-8) – Accessibility & Mobility

The only significant bus station in the zone is under 6th of October bridge near the lower corner of the Maspero triangle, nearest subway station are Zamalek, Opera, El Sadat, Saad Zaghloul, Mohamed Naguib, Gamal Abdel Nasser & Oraby, the nearest car park in the area is El Tahrir Garage near El Tahrir Square, Lastly there is a pathway in development along the nile corniche that is a part of Egypt’s Vision 2050 indicated as the orange marker.

The times at which anyone can reach the site are 40-55 minutes from 6th of October, 30 minutes from Cairo International Airport and 4-13 minutes from Zamalek, Dokki or Mohandessin.

The main observation is that there is adequate on-site public transport and is easy to reach from all directions within an hour, in conclusion, there is no need for public transit stations in the project while serving a diversity of target groups due to its easy location, secondly,the nile could be exploited as a means of transportation.

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Macro Analysis

7.2

7.2.5 Greenery Percentage

Figure (7-9) – Total Greenery Percentage (By Authors)

Figure (7-10) – Greenery % in Maspero & Cairo Downtown (By Authors)

Figure (7-11) – Greenery % in Zamalek (By Authors)

About 19 percent of the land is dedicated to green spaces and parks.

However, most of these spaces are in Zamalek and not Boulaq Abo-Elela, and Cairo Downtown. Only 2 % of the land in Maspero Triangle is dedicated to greenery. On the other hand, Zamalek region has 38% of land dedicated to greenery.

Conclusion: Since one of the aim of the project is to increase the green capita per person, then it will be wise to choose a site within maspero region and not Zamalek, in order to increase the green spaces.

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Micro Analysis

7.2

7.2.6 Sensory Map Legends: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Ramses Hilton Hotel Tahrir Square Ministry of Foreign affair Consulate of Italy The Egyptian Museum Cairo Marriott Hotel Sultan Abou Elelaa Mosque Tunisia Embassy Al Jazera Club Views from Outside of site Views from inside of site

Figure (7-12) – Sensory Map (By Authors)

Noise produced from the main street, Corniche and workshops.

The proposed site is easy to access shown from the outside views showing it is physically permeable, the site is surrounded by hotels, commercials, embassies and overlooking the nile and Corniche shown from the views from inside the site, being a livable center the level of noise is relatively high due to main street, workshops and the corniche.

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History

7.3

7.3 History of the site 1902

Owned by the Egyptian Museum This land was owned by the Egyptian museum to be accessible to Nile river to transfer monuments through it and for touristic Nile cruises.

1950s

Headquarters of British intelligence in Egypt The British occupation built an official headquarters for British intelligence in Egypt in this land, so the museum was partially blocked.

1962

Blocking the Egyptian Museum by The Arab Socialist Union The building was demolished, then it was planned to be a headquarters for Cairo governorate, but it turned to be a headquarters of Arab Socialist Union and the Egyptian Museum was totally blocked visually by it.

1978

National Democratic Party

2011

Burning of National Party building

It was established by President Anwar Sadat in 1978 after the dissolution of the Arab Socialist Union in the same place next to the Egyptian Museum.

The National Party building was burned down in the January 25 Revolution and the party dissolved.

2014

Demolishing of National Party building On 28th of March 2014, the government decided to demolish the National Democratic Party building which was burned during the Jan 25th Revolution in 2011.

2020

Sovereign Egypt Fund and investments project Transferring the ownership of several buildings including the headquarters of the National Party to the "Sovereign Egypt Fund“ with the aim of contributing to the state's economic development.,

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Our Vision

7.4

7.4 Vision & Mission

Our Vision Making the Downtown region one of the most important open museums in the world by creating a green lung for Cairo promoting tourism and cultural activities while encouraging investments .

Figure (7-13) – Vision

Our Mission - Creating a leading project in Downtown district aims to: - Introducing greenery to the city and increase percentage of green space per capita.

- Having a multi-purpose building with integrated requirements.

- Addressing usage of surrounding environment.

- Promote tourism and cultural activities - Encouraging investment.

- Interests unification between conflicting forces.

Figure (7-14) – Mission Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Concept

7.5

7.5 Interests Unification between struggling forces

Economics + Cultural and Identity + Environmental Aspect = The Nile Gate Figure (7-15) –Demolishing of National Party on 25th January

Figure (7-16) –The Green Union Equation

One of my missions is “Interests Unification between struggling forces”. On 28th of March 2014, the government decided to demolish the National Democratic Party building which was burned during the Jan 25th Revolution in 2011.

Three forces (The Egyptian Museum, Cairo Governorate, and sovereign wealth funds) are fighting to obtain the greatest benefit from the vacant land of the former National Party. The project aims to achieve the state’s plan, which depends mainly on investment and Profit, while preserving the identity of the place & the interests of other parties. The project will be the lung of Cairo governorate & won’t block or steal the attention from the Egyptian Museum, but will rather accentuate its importance, value & connectivity to Nile river as it was in the Past.

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Concept

7.6

7.6 Target Groups & Users

Figure (7-17) –Target Groups & Users

7.7 Preliminary Concept Sketches

Figure (7-18) –Concept Sketches Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Form Generation

7.8

7.8. Form Generation

Figure (7-19) –Form Generation Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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2D Zoning

7.9

7.9. 2D Zoning

Figure (7-20) – 2D Zoning

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Master Plan

7.10

7.10. Master Plan

Figure (7-21) – Master Plan

Figure (7-22) – Master Plan layers Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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3D Zoning

7.11

7.11. 3D Zoning

Figure (7-23) – 3D Zoning

7.12. Environmental Studies

Figure (7-24) – Bridge & All Project Studies Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Environmental Studies

7.12

7.12. Environmental Studies

Figure (7-25) – Mixed Use Tower Studies

Figure (7-26) – Contemporary Art Exhibition Studies Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Shots

7.13

7.13. Shots

Figure (7-27) – The Nile Gate Day Shot

Figure (7-28) – Contemporary Art Exhibition Day Shot Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Shots

7.13

7.13. Shots

Figure (7-29) – The Nile Gate Night Shot

Figure (7-30) – The Pixel Bridge Night Shot Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Shots

7.13

7.13. Shots

1

2

3

4

5

6

Figure (7-31) – The Journey to The Egyptian Museum

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Skyline

7.14

7.14. Skyline

Figure (7-32) – Old Maspero & Tahrir Skyline (By Authors)

The old skyline analysis show a variable range of heights with iconic landmarks that will challenge the project . How can we build an iconic landmark and doesn’t block or steel the attention from higher value heritage building such as the Egyptian Museum but will rather accentuate its importance, value & connectivity to Nile river as it was in the Past.

Figure (7-33) – Future Maspero & Tahrir Skyline (By Authors)

We can see the proposed Mixed-use tower and how it succeeded to be an iconic, outstanding and simple tower achieving the idea of not blocking the Egyptian museum but framing it and the downtown Cairo heritage while preserve its economic value and the reward from the project .

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Our Vision

7.15

7.15 Space Program The site consists of four main zones

Mixed-use tower

26%

31%

18%

Bridge Marine

25% Culture Center Figure (7-34) – Project Component Percentage

Table (7-1) – Culture Centre Program Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Our Vision

7.15

7.15 Space Program

Table (7-2) – Mixed use Tower Program Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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Our Vision

7.15

7.15 Space Program

Table (7-3) – Marine Program

Table (7-4) – Bridge Program

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Case Studies

8.1

Inspirations from Different Projects.

8.1 Gateway Arch in America

Figure (8-1) – Gateway Arch, Missouri, America

Figure (8-2) - Gateway Arch capturing Missouri, America

Although It’s not a building but it represents part of my idea whish is focusing on much more valuable monument and framing the city.

The gateway arch is focusing on The Old St. Louis County Courthouse and framing the National Park and St. Louis, Missouri creating an iconic landmark for the city.

In our project we are aiming the same goal; which is capturing the higher value of the Egyptian museum and the Downtown Cairo.

The form represents the Egyptian culture and the future of Egypt as it’s bearing on the souls of the martyrs of Egyptian Revolutions.

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Case Studies

8.1

8.1 Similar Project

8.1 Gateway Arch in America

Figure (8-3) - National Park and St. Louis Courthouse with The Gateway Arch

Figure (8-4) – Site view

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Case Studies

8.2

Inspirations from Different Projects.

8.2 High-Density Mixed-Use Development in Xi'an

Figure (8-5) Adjacent park integrated with outdoor retail

Figure (8-6) – North View

Architects: EID Architecture Location: Xi'an, Shaanxi, Area: 404950.0 m2 “The design for OXIC is intended as an exploration of vertical urbanism and offers a new solution for high density urban mixeduse in Asia. With its vibrant and unique mix of program combining retail, office, residential, museum, theater, hotel and entertainment venues, OXIC creates an urban oasis both sensitive and culturally significant to the city of Xi’an.”

So, we inspired the concept of “Vertical urbanism and High density urban mixed-use” and the unique mix of program from this project as we saw that they succeed to achieve these ideas greatly.

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Case Studies

8.2

Inspirations from Different Projects.

8.2 High-Density Mixed-Use Development in Xi'an

Figure (8-7) Vertical Oasis Diagram

Figure (8-8) Master Plan

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Case Studies

8.2

Inspirations from Different Projects.

8.2 High-Density Mixed-Use Development in Xi'an

Figure (8-9) – Section showing different functions

Figure (8-10) - Retail Section

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Case Studies

8.3

Inspirations from Different Projects.

8.3 Bosco Verticale, MILAN, ITALY

Figure (8-11) – Paolo Rosselli, Bosco Verticale 1

Figure (8-13) – Floor

Figure (8-12) – Paolo Rosselli, Bosco Verticale 2

Figure (8-14) – Balcony

Figure (8-15) – Section

Milan’s Vertical Forest consists of two towers of 80 and 112 metres, hosting 480 large and medium trees, 300 small trees, 11,000 perennial and covering plants and 5,000 shrubs. The equivalent over an urban surface of 1,500 m2 – of 20,000 m2 of forest and undergrowth.

We inspired the idea of embedding the vertical farming as a layer in our mixed-used tower to Increase green per capita, biodiversity, creating microclimate for the project and protect the building from many other hazards like noise pollution.

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Case Studies

8.4

Inspirations from Different Projects.

8.4 Louvre Museum Extension

Figure (8-15) – Entrance of Louvre Museum Extension

Figure (8-16) – Exhibition halls

Figure (8-17) – Section

The idea of how they created an iconic modern landmark of Louvre museum extension and at the same time respecting the context and the value of the old museum was very inspiring.

They made an extension of the museum without blocking the old one or steel the attention from it but increasing the importance and spot the light on the old classic one.

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Table Of References

Table Of References 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

El Qady,A ,A, Abdel Aaty,A., Mostafa , H.Zayed,S., Abbas A., Fawzy & Mansy,A (2014).Development project of Maspero, The Architectural and services studies:Ministry of urban renewal and Informal Settlements.

General Organization for Physical Planning (2008), The Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Cairo region ,Cairo Vision 2050 El Qady,A ,A, Abdel Aaty,A., Mostafa , H.Zayed,S., Abbas A., Fawzy & Mansy,A (2014).Development project of Nile WaterFront, The Architectural and services studies:Ministry of urban renewal and Informal Settlements.

Central Authority for Public Mobilization and Statistics, (2017), Final results for the general census of population, housing and facilities, 2017, Cairo, Egypt.

Madd Platform, (2015), Maspero Parallel Participatory Project, 1st Edition, Retrieved from: https://issuu.com/maddplatform/docs/masp ero_parallel_participatory_proj

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Table Of References

Table Of References 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Hassan, A, 2018, November 2, ‫شاهد خرائط وتصميمات‬ ,‫ اليوم السابع‬,‫“مثلث ماسبيرو” بعد اعالن بدء التطوير يناير المقبل‬ Retrieved from: https://www.youm7.com/story/2018/11/2/ https://avibase.bsceoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=eg&list=howardmoor e https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Lynch, P, 2017, May 09, Henning Larsen Wins Competition for Microclimate-Creating Civic Center in Toronto, Archdaily, Retrieved from: https://www.archdaily.com/870912/henninglarsen-wins-competition-for-microclimatecreating-civic-center-intoronto?ad_source=myarchdaily&ad_medium=boo kmark-show&ad_content=current-user Electrical, Construction and Maintenance Magazine, Expo 2020 Dubai: A Sustainable Site, Retrieved from: https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/topi c-areas/expo-2020-dubai.html Coldwell Banker Commercial, Maspero Triangle Development, Retrieved from: https://coldwellbanker-eg.com/enus/cb/coldwell-banker-advantage/Upload-MainProtectedAssetMedia-Filename83fdc15d451ebca3127c4c58042a6f5e.pdf

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Table Of References

Table Of References 12.

13.

top10cairo, Cairo’s Top 10 Festivals, Retrieved December 2, 2020, from: https://top10cairo.com/cairo-top-10festival/ National Geographic, Cities of the Future, The Cities Issue Magazine, Retrieved from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazi ne/2019/04/see-sustainable-future-citydesigned-for-people-and-nature/

14. EID Architecture Redefines High Density

Mixed Use Development in Xi’an

15.

16.

17.

https://www.archdaily.com/878864/eidarchitecture-redefines-high-density-mixeduse-development-in-xian ?ad_source=myarchdaily&ad_medium=book mark-show&ad_content=current-user https://www.gatewayarch.com/ https://www.archdaily.com/777498/boscoverticale-stefano-boeri-architetti https://www.louvre.fr/en

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Table Of References

Table Of References 18. ‫ أصول لصندوق‬7 ‫ نقل ملكية‬..‫بينها مجمع التحرير والحزب الوطني‬ ‫مصر السيادي‬ https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_egypt /details/2020/9/3/1866436/%D8%A8%D9%8A %D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1% D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2% D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86% D9%8A-%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A97-%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88% D9%82-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7% D8%AF%D9%8A

Graduation Project Report 2020/2021

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